Mill 

BiBili 
HMftmlll 

HHHHS 

mama 

hHHH 

Hmi 
iilliii 

HHHI1118 

HSH 



?hIh»H 



ffifiw] 

Hi Hlll^fi 

HHI 

&1 119811 

mSBSBSSSBsM 
HnHHilKiHi 

Hhbw 
HIHh 

flHUHHrafiBflii 

Him 

WKmm 
WWBBmm 

mWmmm 
H 

mail StsBHB IwM H 



i»*M 




Pass TuLiC 

Book . W^-L '■: - 

GojpghtN I9ii . 



COPYRIGHT DEPOSE 



JJX- 



WEBSTER'S NEW STANDARD 
AMERICAN DICTIONARY 



ENCYCLOPEDIC EDITION 



M 



TE 




ips§Balloons 




■^T73FB 




rs in the crossed sabres of the cavalry and crossed rifles of the infantry vary to correspond 
'ith the number of the regiment. The collar insignia of the lieutenant-colonel 
is a silver oak leaf; that of the major, a gold oak leaf. 




PRINCIPAL MUSICIAN ORUM MAJOR COLOR SERGEANT STABLE SERGEANT CORPORAL LANCE-CORPORAL MASTER GUNNER MASTER ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER 

INSIGNIA OF PETTY OFFICERS 

RANKING AS PRIVATES 
IN THE U.S . ARMV 




@ © 



@ # <§> 

WER PLOTTER CHIEF I 

D CLASS 

© Bi 




General officers' shoulder straps, dark blue ground; other officers, white, yellow, red, etc., accord- 
ing to the color of the facing of the arm branch, or department. Chevron bars 
and insignia of non-commissioned officers follow the same rule. The 
lieutenant-colonel's oak leaf is of silver; the major's of gold. 



SEALS 

NATIONAL. STATE. AND TERRITORIAL OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

GREAT SEAL OF THE UNITED STATES 

FEDERAL DEPARTMENT SEALS. SEALS ..OF THE STATES ARRANGED 

CHRONOLOGICALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR ADMISSION INTO THE UNION 



I 




NATIONAL. STAH. AND TERRITORIAL OF THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA. 

FEDERAL DEPARTMENT SEALS. SEALS OF THE STATES ARRANGED 
CHRONOLOGICALLY ACCORDING TO THEIR ADMISSION INTO THE UNION 








.-. ;-».■••••• . •..:.-...••••.•. 



m 



NATIONAL TlLAOC 
OF THE WORLDS 



!r* * * * * * * 
******* 
t* ***** * 



UULjL 



M 






UNITE.D5TATE5 U5 UNION JACK U-5 REVENUE ENSIGN U.5.YACHT ENSIGN U.5,PRE3IDENTS FLAG 



* 



.EI ; 




ARGENTINE KtrUBLIC AUSTRIA HUNGARY AUSTRIAN IMp. STANDARD BELGIUM 



BELGIUM, . .: BOLIVIA 




BULGARIA G.R OF CENTRAL ArtERlCA CMILE 



CONGO 



ULl 




•a 



GREAT BRfTAlK MERCHANT GREAT BRITAIN. NAVY GREAT BRPTAMNRESfRVE GREaTBRJTAIN.WION TUG 6ReAT BRITAIN ft STANDARD 






J 



iate 



GREAT BRITAIN CANAOA ftAG GREECE 




^*hJ 



GUATEMALA 



HAITI 



mawam: : 



^> 



]3i ^ 




HONDURAS 



TTALT.WHAL5MNDAM) JAPAN 



iFXtfmZfi&iAm:: 



I 





"CODE FLAG" AND 
ANSWERING PENNANT 




z 



1 



LAIRD. & LEE'S 

Webster's New Standard 
American Dictionary 

OF THE 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE 

Compiled and Edited by E. T. ROE, LL.B. 

With the Assistance of Prominent Specialists 



All Vocabulary Words in Strictly Alphabetical Order, Spelled Out in Full, Phonetically 

Re-Spelled and Fully Defined. Degrees of Adjectives, Past Tense and 

Participles of Verbs Given in All Cases — with Etymologies, 

Synonyms and Antonyms. Important Words that Have 

Recently Come into Use Covering the Late 

Discoveries in the Arts and Sciences. 



ENCYCLOPEDIC FEATURES 

Portraits of the Different Nationalities. Geographical and Mythological Names Included 

in the General Vocabulary. An Appendix of English Verbal Distinctions 

and Current Abbreviations and Contractions. 



23 FULL- PAGE PLATES 

NINE PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS IN COLORS AND FOURTEEN 

PHOTO-ETCHINGS 



Two Thousand Text Illustrations — 1,249 P a g es 




LAIRD & LEE, Publishers 
CHICAGO 



<b 4 

„ Is Ay 



COPYRIGHT, 1911, BY WILLIAM H. LEE 



ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 






WARNING 



Webster's New Standard American . Dictionary, 
Encyclopedic edition, is fully protected. By patent and 
twenty-five copyrights. All persons are warned against 
infringing upon our rights. 



©CI.A295871 



EXPLANATORY 

■ 
Webster's New Standard American Dictionary is designed not merely as a ready- 
' c reference, spelling, pronouncing and denning lexicon, but also as a work that will enable a student 
of the language to compare and discriminate words of different derivation and trace them to their 
original sources. 

One reason why the English Dictionary has never found a place in the schools as a text book 
is because lexicographers heretofore have failed to produce a work in which the words are 
deduced' from their originals in a manner intelligible to the average student. Another reason 
is that the dictionary has been burdened with an accumulation of obsolete, archaic and rarely 
used words, serving no other purpose than to perplex or mislead. 

Webster's New Standard American Dictionary carefully avoids these two drawbacks, 
the etymologies of all words derived from foreign sources being transliterated from foreign 
to English letters, and the usual aggregation of obsolete words omitted. 

The Vocabulary contains not only all words in general use, but also such technical terms 
as recently have become commonly current by reason of progress made in aviation, motoring, 
geographic exploration, liberal and mechanic arts, social industries and scientific discoveries, 
together with the principal proper names in geography and mythology. Foreign Terms frequently 
used by English authors and in conversation are also included. 

General Arrangement: The various styles of type used afford an easy means of distin- 
guishing the different divisions and subdivisions of words. Verbs are divided into transitive and 
intransitive, and a parallel system is followed in the division of adjectives, adverbs and nouns. 

All Words, including derivatives, are placed in strictly alphabetical order, spelled out in full, 
phonetically respelled (in parentheses), and fully defined, thus requiring no reference to some 
other word in the dictionary to determine the correct spelling, pronunciation or meaning. 

Capital Initials: Only proper names and proper terms derived from them are printed 
with a large capital initial, which will enable anyone to determine at a glance when a word 
should invariably begin with a capital letter. 

The Pronunciation is indicated by phonetic respellings marked in accordance with the 
diacritical system originated by Noah Webster, but simplified and brought into harmony with the 
latest developments in phonetics. 

Whatever changes have been made are along the lines of simplification as recommended by 
Dr. Webster. In Noah Webster's large dictionary, and in the school dictionaries abridged there- 
from, the pronunciation of words was indicated by marks placed over or under the letters as they 
stood in the vocabulary, instead of by phonetic respellings. This rendered necessary a number of 
different markings to indicate the same sound when represented by different letters. 

When the method of indicating the pronunciation of words by phonetic respelling was intro- 
duced, the necessity for using more than one mark to indicate any one sound was obviated, as the 
same symbol could now be used, no matter by what letter or letters the sound is represented in the 
vocabulary ; for instance, u with a dot under it for the sound of u in pull and for the sound of oo 
in wood. But regardless of this fact, the editors of some of the later editions of the old diction- 
aries have gone right along perpetuating this old confusion, by the use of a multiplicity of marks 
for the same sounds. And to make confusion worse confounded the same symbol is sometimes 
used by them to denote two entirely different sounds; for instance the mark (a ) known as the 
broad or circumflex is used to indicate the vowel sound heard in fare and also that heard in 
storm. But the confusion does not end there. Not only are these two distinct sounds repre- 
sented by the same mark, but another mark ( ••) known as the two dots, is also used to indicate 
one of these sounds, as by being placed under the a in warm. And besides this complicated 
method of indicating the sounds there is an entire lack of system in the adoption of the marks. 
For example, the mark (~) called tilde, is placed over the letter e to indicate the sound of that 

XV 



letter heard in fern, while an entirely different mark ( A ) is placed over u to indicate the similar 
sound heard in burn. And this confusion and lack of uniformity and consistency is found 
throughout the entire series of markings. It is well nigh hopeless, therefore, to undertake the 
task of mastering the "key to pronunciation " in one of these old-style dictionaries. 

But all this confusion of symbols is avoided, and the matter of mastering the key to pronun- 
ciation made simple and comprehensible in Webster's New Standard American Dictionary 

by the use of a uniform system of markings. In this system the same sounds are always 
represented by the same symbols, no matter how varied their actual representation in the 
language or whether the sound is prolonged by accentuation or not. 

Mere modifications of accent are not marked as variations of sound, as is the case in other 
dictionaries, a practice which was denounced by Noah Webster as tending to confusion and mis- 
pronunciation. "The mischief of these notations," says Webster in the Introduction to his large 
American dictionary, "is that attempts are made to express minute distinctions or shades of 
sounds, so to speak, which cannot be represented to the eye by characters. From a careful 
attention to this subject, I am persuaded that all such notations are useless, and many of them 
mischievious, as they lead to a wrong pronunciation. ' ' 

The fact that a vowel is unmarked indicates that its sound is short. All other vowel sounds 
being marked, it is entirely unnecessary to indicate the short sound. Every consonant used in 
the respelling for pronunciation always has its own peculiar, unvarying sound, none being employed 
that has more than one sound, with the exception of g, which always indicates its hard sound, 
heard in go. The sound of th, as in thick, is represented by common Roman letters, while italics 
indicate the sound as in the. 

With this system of markings to work with, the teacher has merely to call the attention of 
the pupils to the general features of the system, and they at once make their own application to 
the particular instances. A key to the diacritical markings will be found at the foot of each page. 

Definitions. Each word in the vocabulary is tersely and clearly defined with reference to 
every part of speech in which it can be properly used, the different shades of meaning being 
separated by Arabic figures and the various parts of speech by Roman numerals. 

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs are separately defined, and their past tense and 
present and past participles always given, whether regularly or irregularly formed. 

Degrees of Adjectives are given, particular attention being called to those degrees 
irregularly formed. 

Plurals of Nouns are given when irregularly formed. 

Synonyms, Antonyms, and an Addendum of Verbal Distinctions, including 
Homonyms, etc. , have been embodied to meet the requirements of all students of literature 
and others who desire to be correct in the use of the English language, the principal synonyms 
being not only compared but contrasted with their antonyms throughout the book. 

Etymologies are given in brackets after the definitions, all foreign letters being trans- 
literated into English. 

Illustrations: Over 2,000 instructive pictorial illustrations are contained in the text, 
including typical portraits of the peoples of the various nationalities, made especially for this work. 
Each text illustration is placed in direct connection with the word it illustrates — a system for 
which Webster's New Standard Dictionaries are noted. In addition to these features, 
there are a number of full-page plates (some of them printed in colors). 

The Text is printed in large, clear type and the vocabulary words in bold black letters. 

The Websterian System: In the production of this modern edition of Webster's 
American Dictionary of the English Language no credit is claimed for the simplified systems of 
spelling and diacritical marks employed, as these are the innovations of Noah Webster in his 
original work. Our task mainly has been to bring the work of the great American lexicographer 
abreast with the times, thus helping to establish, in the words of Webster, "a standard of our 
vernacular tongue, which we shall not be ashamed to bequeath to five-hundred millions of people 
who are destined to occupy the vast territory within our jurisdiction." 



XVI 



CONTENTS 



Explanatory 

List of Full-Page Plates . . . . 

Abbreviations Used in the Dictionary 

Key to the Pronunciation 

New Standard Dictionary of the English Language 



XV 

XVIII 

XIX 

XX 

1 



APPENDIX 



ENGLISH VERBAL DISTINCTIONS 

PART I — Words differently spelled, but pronounced exactly alike 1236 
PART II — Words differently spelled, but pronounced nearly alike 1 240 



PART III — Words spelled and pronounced alike, but differing 
widely in meaning ...... 



PART IV — Words spelled alike, but differently pronounced 

PART V — Words spelled alike, but differently accented, 
belonging to different classes ... . 



PART VI — Words neither spelled alike nor pronounced alike, 
but liable to be confounded .... 



Current Abbreviations and Contractions 
Proofreading and Marks 



and 



1 241 

1242 

1242 

1244 
1249 



XVII 



LIST OF FULL-PAGE PLATES 



PHOTO-ENGRAVINGS IN COLORS 

SUBJECT 

Aeroplanes, Airships and Balloons 

United States Army Insignia . . 

Shoulder Straps, Commissioned Officers, U. S. Army 

Seals, National, State and Territorial . . . 

Seals, National, State and Territorial . 

National Flags of the World .... 

National Flags of the World .... 

Flags and Pennants — International Code Alphabet 

Portraits — Great Lexicographers 



PAGE 
III 

IV 

V 

VI 

VII 

VIII 

IX 

X 

XII 



PHOTO-ETCHINGS 

Automobile Parts 

International Boundary Lines, Fishing Areas of 

Great Lakes . 
Coats of Arms (Sweden to Portugal) 
Coats of Arms (U. S. to France) 
English and Grecian Coins 
Roman Coins 
Crowns and Coronets . 
Crowns and Coronets . 
Deaf and Dumb Alphabet . 
Knots, Bends and Hitches . 
Most Popular Styles of Lettering (A to M) 
Most Popular Styles of Lettering (N to Z) 
Semaphore and Wig Wag Signals 
U. S. Navy Code 



OPPOSITE 
PAGE 


84 


CC 


85 


CC 


238 


cc 


239 


u 


242 


CC 


243 


CC 


310 


CC 


3 11 


CC 


330 


CC 


33* 


CC 


404 


CC 


405 


CC 


750 


CC 


75 1 



XVIII 



Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary 



a adjective 

abbr abbreviation 

acc accusative 

adv adverb 

Af r African 

Agric Agriculture 

Alg Algebra 

Am American 

Am. Ind American Indian 

Anat Anatomy 

Anglo-Ind Anglo-Indian 

Ant Antonyms 

Anthrop Anthropology 

Antiq Antiquities 

Ar Arabic 

Arch Architecture 

Arith Arithmetic 

art article 

A. S Anglo-Saxon 

Astrol Astrology 

Astron Astronomy 

Beng Bengalese 

Bib Holy Bible 

Biol Biology 

Bohem Bohemian 

Bol Bolivian 

Bot Botany 

Bulg Bulgarian 

Braz Brazilian 

Bret Breton 

Cal Calculus 

Canad , Canadian 

cap capital initial 

Carp Carpentry 

Celt Celtic 

cf (confer) compare 

Ceram Ceramics 

Chal Chaldean 

Chem Chemistry 

Chin Chinese 

Civ. Engin Civil Engineering 

Class. Myth Classical Mythology 

cog cognate 

Colloq Colloquial 

comp comparative 

Conchol Conchology 

conj conjunction 

contr contraction 

Copt Coptic 

corrup corruption 

Cosmog Cosmography 

Cym Cymric 

JDa '»' Danish 

"derived from" 

di * 1 dialectical 

dim diminutive 

Dut Dutch 



E East 

Eccl Ecclesiastic 

Econ Economics 

Egypt Egyptian 

E. Ind East Indian 

Elec Electricity 

Embry Embryology 

Eng English 

Entom Entomology 

= " equivalent to " 

esp especially 

Etym Etymology 

exclam exclamation 

fern feminine 

fig figuratively 

Finn Finnish 

Flem Flemish 

Fort Fortification 

Found Founding 

Fr French 

Fries Friesian 

freq frequentative 

fut future 

Gael Gaelic 

gen genitive 

Geod Geodesy 

Geog Geography 

Geol Geology 

Geom Geometry 

Ger German 

Goth Gothic 

Gr Greek 

Gram Grammar 

H High 

Heb Hebrew 

Her Heraldry 

Hind Hindustani 

Hist History 

Hort Horticulture 

Hung Hungarian 

Hydraul Hydraulics 

Hydros Hydrostatics 

Ice Icelandic 

Ichth Ichthyology 

imper imperative 

Ind Indian 

ind indicative 

indecl indeclinable 

indef indefinite 

Indo-Eur. Indo-European 

inf infinitive 

inters interjection 

Ir Irish 

irreg irregular 

It Italian 

XIX 



Jap Japanese 

Jav . - Javanese 

Jurisp Jurisprudence 

L Latin 

L. Ger Low German 

lit literally 

Lith Lithuanian 

L. L Late or Low Latin 

M Middle 

to mile or miles 

Malay Malayan 

masc masculine 

Math Mathematics 

M. Dut Middle Dutch 

Mech Mechanics 

Med u. Medicine 

M. Eng Middle English 

Metal Metallurgy 

Metaphys Metaphysics 

Metrol Metrology 

Mex Mexican 

Mil Military 

Min Minerology 

M.L Mediaeval Latin 

Morph Morphology 

Myth Mythology 

N North 

«... noun 

N. Am North American 

Nat. Hist Natural History 

Naut Nautical 

Nav Navigation 

N.E North East 

neut neuter 

N. L New Latin 

nom nominative 

Norm Norman 

Norw Norwegian 

n.pl noun plural 

Numis Numismatics 

N.W Northwest 

O Old 

O. Bulg Old Bulgarian 

obs obsolete 

O. Dut Old Dutch 

O.Fr , Old French 

0. Fries Old Friesian 

O. Gael Old Gaelic 

0. H. Ger Old High German 

O.It Old Italian 

0. L. Ger Old Low German 

O.N Old Norse 

opp opposed 

Opt Optics 

Ornith Ornithology 

O.S Old Saxon 

0. Sw Old Swedish 



» 



Abbreviations Used in this Dictionary — [Continued) 



p past 

Paint Painting 

Pal Paleontology 



Pathol Pathology 

perh perhaps 

Pers Persian 

pers ..person 

persp perspective 

Peruv Peruvian 

Petrol Petrology 

Pg Portuguese 

Pharm Pharmacy 

Phen Phenician 

Phil Philosophy 

Ph ilol Philology 

Phon Phonetics 

Phonog Phonography 

Photog Photography 

Ph ren Phrenology 

Ph ys Physiology 

pl plural 

Pneum Pneumatics 

Pol Polish 

Polit. Econ Political Economy 

Pom Pomology 

poss possessive 

P-P past participle 

pref preface 

prep preposition 

prim primative 

Print Printing 



prob probably 

pron pronoun 

Pros Prosody 

pr. p present participle 

prov provincial 

Prov. E Provincial English 

Psych Psychology 

p.t past tense 

Rhet. . > Rhetoric 

Rom Roman 

Roum Roumanian 

Russ Russian 

S South 

S. Af. South African 

S. Am ..South American 

-Sans Sanskrit 

Scand Scandinavian 

Sc Scotch 

Sculpt Sculpture 

S. E South East 

sing singular 

Slav Slavonic 

Sociol Sociology 

Sp Spanish 

Sport Sporting 

sq.m square miles 

St Saint 

Stock Exch Stock Exchange 

subj subjunctive 

sup supine 



superl superlative 

Surg Surgery 

Surv Surveying 

Sw Swedish 

S. W SouthWest 

Syn Synonyms 

Syr Syrian 

Teut Teutonic 

Theol Theology 

Theos Theosophy 

Therap Therapeutics 

Tib Tibetan 

Teleg Telegraphy 

Topog Topography 

Trig Trigonometry 

Turk Turkish 

U.S United States of America 

v verb 

v. aux verb auxiliary 

Vet Veterinary 

vi verb intransitive 

vt verb transitive 

W West 

Wei Welsh 

Zool Zoology 



KEY TO PRONUNCIATION 



a as in pale, paid, freight, prey, great, 

a " hat, pad, fan, shall, 

a " task, trance, clasp, shaft, glass. 

a far, alms, father, half, laugh, ah. 

a fall, talk, author, awe, fought, form. 

a fare, hair, bear, their, where, 

a ' above, diamond, sofa, templar. 

e me, machine, meat, sweet, bier, 

e " met, equity, bury, terrible. 

e " her, earn, bird, firm. 

i " mite, mine, my, might, height. 

i mit, abyss, division, enmity. 

5 " go, hold, coal, snow, tableau. 

o " not, comma, folly, was, what. 

iJ " move, too, food, rule, rude. 

o " wolf, woman, book, would, pull. 



u as in mute, stew, your, union, mature. 

u " hut, sun, hurry, rustic, onion. 

u " burn, furl, cur, world. 

u " Scotch gude, French sud. 

oi " oil, voice, boy, oyster. 

ow " how, town, thou, found. 

kb " Scotch loch, German Loch, 

ng singsong. 

th " thin, through, wealth, breath. 

th " then, thou, breathe, soothe. 

g " go, dog, begin, bigger. 

J " ginger, longitude, hedge. 

s " sense, loose, stay, force, acid. 

z " zeal, lazy, easy, clothes, suffice. 

zh closure, cohesion, grazier, mirage. 



SIGNS 

derived from. 

= equivalent to. 

[A-], [a-] A bracketed large or small letter with hyphen indicates that a capital or lower case initial 
respectively is used when the word has the particular meaning immediately following the sign. 

XX 



mnmiiiiiiiiinmimiiiiHimiiiiiu 




f£""13 £JJi 115 'Jll^Ii 1 LlliU" Vllilil 1 " IIUJUJ ? " ' JI?'"! " f " *'" "" ">".?.^ " *" " l T . ' .!.'V"/.L f ' "' " " '"l V ' " »im> » * « " j" 1 m i 1 1 1 ki hi jhi liyinmiii lit 1 1 «i i i rmi Kt i umn l \t i ^ i » 1 1 1 itiiriii l zmmim g 




lWSTANMH)DICn(MY 

OF. THE 

ENGLISH UNGUAL 



r L rn:r;u fi t miTin i TMJ^rn i n i miiiTTt^T i i!fii!jn. i imTi!t jttidii im uuimiiui^mii : a wnliiTMiim :■ ; wfti ri i ri MMiiTi-innnrirniriiiT^in i iTiTniigaTM i Tiiiririruuuiium a gTnrTTum i mrijminttm?^ 




'iii i iiHjiumiiiiuimmmmiuiwii 



I 




a (a), n. [pi. A'S (az).] First 
letter in the alphabet. It has 
seven sounds (see Key to the 
Pronunciation) , and sometimes 
represents the short o, as in 
what, and the short e, as in 
many. [Phen. aleph, ox.] 
A (a or a), indef. art. or a. One ; 
any; every. Used for AN be- 
fore words beginning with a consonant or 
consonant sound; as, a man, a house, a 
unit. [A. S. an y one.] 
A-, prefix. I. As an Anglo-Saxon prefix, a- 
signifles : at, from, in, of, on, out, to. II. As 
a prefix to Latin and Greek words, a- repre- 
sents: 1. L. ab-. 2. L. ad-. 3. L. ex-, as 
in abash, amend. 4. Gr. a- (before a vowel 
an-), a negative, known — '~"^^-v-^~\/f$|; 
as alpha privative. 
AACHEN (ii'khen), n. 
Aix - la - Chapelle, city 
and district in Germany. 
AAR (ar), n. River in 

Switzerland. 
a 4 T.nv 4 T.TV /•• j/ •• i\ L Aardvark (Orycteropus 

AARDVARK (ard'vark),n. capensis) 

South African ground- 
hog. [Dut. aarde, earth, and vark, dim. of 

varken, pig.] 
AARDWOLF (ard'wolf), n. 

Earthwolf of South Africa. 

[Dut. aarde, earth, and 

wolf, wolf.] 
AB-, prefix. Away, off, from, 

as absolve, abrade, aodi- 

cate. [L. ah, of, off.] 
Ab (ab), n. Fifth month of the Jewish eccle- 
siastical year, corresponding very nearly to 

August. 
ABA (ab'a), n. Fabric woven from the hair of 

camels or goats in Syria and Arabia or a 

wrap made of it. 
ABACA (ab-a-ka')j n. Native name in the 





Aardwolf (Proteles 
lalandi) . 




Abaca (Musa 
textiles) . 



ABAMA 

Philippine Islands for the Manila hemp plant; 

also its fiber, produced only in the Philippines, 
ABACK (a-bak')» adv. Naut. So as to bo 

pressed back against the mast, 

said of sails; backward. — 

Taken aback. 1. Naut. Pressed 

back or against the mast by a 

sudden gust of wind. 2. Taken 

by surprise; confounded; dis- 
concerted; disappointed. 
ABACTINAL (ab-ak'ti-naD, a. 

Zool. Remote from the acti- 

nal or oral area ; without 

rays; opposed to ACTINAL. 
ABACUS (ab'a-kus), n. 1. Level 

tablet crowning the capital of 

a column. 2. Kind of calculating device* 

usually consisting of ^ ^^uj^^^-: 

parallel cords or 

wires upon which 

sliding balls or beads 

are strung, used in 

China and Japan and 

other eastern coun- 
tries for making cal- 
culations. [L. — Gr. abax, counting table.] 
ABAFT (a-baft '), adv. and prep. Naut. On hind 

part of ship. [A. S. a, by, aft.] 

SYN. Behind; after; rearward. ANT. 

Forward; fore; front. 
ABAISER (a-ba'ser), n. Burnt ivory; animal 

charcoal; bone black. [Of uncertain origin.] 
ABALONE (ab-a-16'ne), n. 

Zool. Shell-fish having 

an ear-shaped univalve 

shell, lined with mother 

of pearl, common on the 

Pacific coast; sea-ear. 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
AbAMA (a-ba'ma), n. Bot* 

Genus of bog plants, including the bog as- 
phodel of Europe (Abama ossifragum) and 




Chinese Abacus. 




Ab alone (Haliotis 
tuber culata). 



file, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



J 



ABAMBON 



ABBREVIATION 



the American bog asphodel (Abatna amerl-" 
canum). [Etym. doubtful.] 

ABAMBON (a-bam'bo), n. Afr. Myth. Evil 
spirit in whose house a fire is always kept 
burning, and who is supposed to have the 
power of causing sickness and death. 

ABAMURUS (ab-a-mu'rus), n. Second wall 
erected for the purpose of strengthening 
another one; buttress. [L. mums, wall.] 

ABANDON (a-bang-dang'), n. Full surrender 
to natural impulse; careless ease. [Fr.] 

ABANDON (a-ban'dun), vt. [pr.p. ABAN- 
DONING; p.t. and p.p. ABANDONED (a- 
ban'dund).] 1. Give up entirely; forsake; 
relinquish. 2. Yield or resign (one's self), 
as to vice. [Fr. abandonner; from a bandon, 
at liberty.] 

SYN. Abdicate; abjure; cease; cede; 
forego; renounce; surrender; vacate; leave; 
desert. ANT. Keep; hold; retain; main- 
tain; uphold; cherish; protect; support. 

ABANDONED (a-ban'dund), a. 1. Deserted. 
2. Wholly given up to vice; hopelessly de- 
praved; profligate; shameless. 

ABANDONMENT (a-ban'dun-ment), n. 1. Act 
of abandoning. 2. State of being abandoned; 
desertion; relinquishment. 

AbaRIS (ab'a-ris), n. Greek Myth. A Scythian 
in the age of Croesus, who traveled through 
the air on an arrow received from Apollo. 

ABASE (a-bas'),irt. [pr.p. ABA'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. ABASED (a-bast/).] Humble; degrade; 
debase. [Fr. abaisser, to lower.] 

SYN. Lower; humiliate; depress; de- 
mean; dishonor; disgrace. ANT. Promote; 
exalt; elevate; raise; dignify; uplift. 

ABASEMENT (a-bas'ment), n. 1. Act of bring- 
ing low or humbling. 2. State of being 
brought low; degradation; humiliation. 

ABASH (a-bash'), vt. [pr.p. ABASHING; p.t. 
and p.p. ABASHED (a-basht').] Confuse with 
the feeling of inferiority or guilt. [O. Fr. 
e8bahir; Fr. ebahir, astonish.] 

SYN. Shame; disconcert; confuse; dis- 
compose; confound; humble; humiliate; 
dishearten; mortify. ANT. Countenance; 
cheer; encourage; rally; uphold; animate. 

ABASHMENT (a-bash'ment), n. Confusion pro- 
duced by shame; consternation; shame. 

ABASIA (a-ba'zhi-a), n. Pathol. Inability to 
co-ordinate action of muscles in walking. 
[Gr. a prlv. and basis, rhythmical movement.] 

ABATABLE (a-ba'ta-bl), a. Capable of being 
abated. 

ABATE (a-baf), v. [pr.p. ABA'TING; p.t. and 
p. p. ABATED.] I. vt. 1. Deduct from; 
lessen. 2. Law. Put an end to, as a nui- 
sance. 3. Remit, as a tax. II. vl. 1. Become 
less. 2. Become void; fail. [O. Fr. abatre, 
cut or beat down.] 

SYN. Diminish; reduce; decrease; lower; 
mitigate; remove; moderate; terminate; 




suppress; decline; subside; relax. ANT. 
Increase; magnify; aggravate; extend; en- 
large; amplify; prolong; continue; aug- 
ment; intensify; rage; revive. 

ABATEMENT (a-bat'ment), n. 1. Act of aba- 
ting. 2. State of being abated. 3. Amount of 
reduction. 4. Law. Intrusion. 

ABATIS, ABATTIS 
(ab'a-tis), n. Ram- 
part of trees felled 
and laid side by side 
to hinder assault. 
[See FORTIFICA- 
TION.] [Fr.] Abatis. 

ABATTOIR (a-ba-twar'), n. Slaughterhouse. [Fr.] 

ABAXIAL (ab-aks'i-al), ABAXILE (ab-aks'il), 
a. Bot. Away from the axis, applied to an 
embryo out of the axis of the seed. [AB- and 
AXIAL.] 

ABBA (ab'a), n. Father. [Chal. and Syr.] 

ABBACY (ab'a-si), n. Office of an abbot. 

ABBE (a-ba'), n. Fr. term for abbot, often used 
as a mere honorary title for an ecclesiastic 
devoted to literature. 

ABBESS (ab'es), n. Lady superior of a nunnery. 
[O. Fr. fern, of abbas, abbot.] 

ABBEY (ab'e), n. 1. 
Monastery under an 
abbot or abbess. 2. 
Church attached to it. 

ABBOT (ab'ut), n. [fern. 
AB'BESS.] Superior 
of an abbey. [L. 
abbas — Syr. abba, 
father.] 

ABBREVIATE (ab- 
bre'vi-at), vt. [pr.p. 
ABBREVIATING; p.t. 
and p.p. ABBREVI- 
ATED.] 1. Reduce to 
smaller compass; 
abridge; shorten. 2. 
Math. Reduce to 
lower terms. 

SYN. Condense; curtail; 
epitomize; summarize. 
ANT. Lengthen; extend; 
prolong; elongate; elab- 
orate; amplify; enlarge; 
dilate; expand. 

ABBREVIATED (ab-bre'vi- 
a-ted) c. 1. Shortened; 
abridged. 2. Bot. Term 
used in comparative de- 
scriptions to indicate that Flower o 
one part is shorter than w jth 
another. Thus an abbrevi- calyx (A). 
ated calyx is one which is shorter than the 
tube of the corolla. 

ABBREVIATION (ab-bre-vi-ashun),n. 1. Act 
of shortening. 2. Shortened form, as Mr. for 
Mister. Summary; abridgment. 




maritima, 
abbreviated 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






ABDICATE 



ABOLISH 




Abdominal Fish. 



ABDICATE (ab'di-kat), v. [pr.p. ABDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. AB'DICATED.] I. vt. 
Give up; renounce; abandon, as a high office. 
II. vi. Renounce or give up some claim, right 
or power. [L. ab, from, and dico, proclaim.] 

ABDICATION (ab-di-ka'shun), n. Act of ab- 
dicating. 

ABDICATOR (ab'di-ka-tur), n. One who ab- 
dicates, gives up, or renounces. 

ABDOMEN (ab-do'men), n. Part of body be- 
tween thorax and 
pelvis. [L.] 

ABDOMINAL (ab- 
dom'i-nal), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or situated 
in or on the abdo- 
men. 2. Having fins 
situated on the abdomen; as an abdominal fish. 

ABDUCT (ab-dukt), vt. [pr.p. ABDUCTING; 
p.U and p.p. ABDUCTED.] Carry away, 
especially, furtively or by force. [L. ab, off, 
and duco, lead.] 

ABDUCTION (ab-duk'shun), n. Act of ab- 
ducting; act of carrying off or kidnaping. 

ABDUCTOR (ab-duk'tiir), n. 1. One guilty of 
abduction. 2. Anat. Muscle that pulls back. 

ABEAM (a-bem'), adv. Naut. In a line at right 
angles to a vessel's keel; on the beam. 

ABED (a-bed'), adv. In bed; on the bed. 

ABERRATION (ab-er-ra'shun), n. 1. Wan- 
dering from the right path. 2. Mental de- 
rangement. [L. ab, from, and erro, wander.] 

ABET (a-bef), vt. [pr.p. ABET'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. ABET'TED.] Incite by encouragement 
or aid (chiefly in a bad sense). [O. Fr. abeter= 
a, to, and beter, bait.] 

ABETMENT (a-bet'ment), n. Act of abetting. 

ABETTER (a-bet'er), ABETTOR (a-bet'iir), n. 
One who abets or aids another in crime. 

ABEYANCE (a-ba'ans), n. State of suspension; 
temporary inactivity; dormancy; expectation. 
[Fr. a, to, and bayer, gape in expectation. 

ABHOR (ab-har'), vt. [pr.p. ABHORRING; p.t. 
and p.p. ABHORRED (ab-hard').] Regard 
with extreme repugnance; detest; abominate; 
loathe. [L. ab, from, and horreo, shrink.] 
SYN. See HATE. 

ABHORRENCE (ab-hor'ens), n. 1. Feeling of 
utter repugnance. 2. That which causes ex- 
treme loathing. 

SYN. Antipathy; aversion; detestation; 
disgust; loathing; hatred; repugnance; re- 
vulsion. ANT. Admiration; appreciation; 
approval; delight; pleasure; satisfaction. 

ABHORRENT (ab-hor'ent), a. 1. Causing re- 
pugnance. 2. Repugnant (to). 

ABIDE (a-bid'), v. [pr.p. ABI'DING; p.U and 
p.p. ABODE (a-bod').] I. vU 1. Bide or 
wait for. 2. Endure; tolerate. II. vi. Con- 
tinue; dwell, stay. [A. S. abidan=a, to, and 
bidan, wait.] 

ABIDING (a-bi'ding), a. Continuing; perma- 
nent; durable; steadfast. 




ABIDINGLY (a-bi'ding-li), adv. In an abiding 
manner. 

ABIES (ab'i-ez), n. BoU 
Genus of pine trees, in- 
cluding the firs, having 
erect cones and evergreen 
leaves. [L. abies, silver 
fir-tree.] 

ABILITY (a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
ABILITIES.] 1. Power. 
2. Faculty. [See ABLE.] 

SYN Skill; talent; 
capacity; capability; Branch of Abies. 

expertness; qualification; efficiency; accom- 
plishment; attainment; competency; power; 
force. ANT. Incapacity; inability; incom- 
petency; maladroitness; weakness. 

ABIOGENESIS (ab-i-6-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. Pro- 
duction of living matter from that which is 
not living; spontaneous generation. [Gr. a 
priv., bios, life, and genesis, generation.] 

ABIOGENETIC (ab-i-6-je-net'ik), a. Relating 
to or produced by spontaneous generation. 

ABJECT (ab'jekt), a. Mean; base; despicable, 
contemptible. [L. abjectus, cast away — ab, 
away, and jacio, throw.] 

SYN. Servile; groveling; low; ignoble; 
vile; sordid; pitiable; cringing. ANT. 
Lofty; exalted; noble; dignified; illustrious. 

ABJECTION (ab-jek'shun), n. Abjectness. 

ABJECTLY (ab-jekt'li), adv. In an abject 
manner; basely; servilely. 

ABJECTNESS (ab'jekt-nes), n. Degraded state 
or condition; abjection. 

ABJURATION (ab-jor-a'shun), n. Act of ab- 
juring; official renunciation on oath. 

ABJURATORY (ab-jor'a-to-ri), a. Of or per- 
taining to abjuration. 

ABJURE (ab-jor'), vt. [pr.p. ABJUR'ING; p.t. 
and [p.p. ABJURED (ab-jord').] Renounce 
solemnly or on oath. [L. ab, off, and juro, 
swear.] 

SYN. See ABANDON. 

ABLATIVE (ab'la-tiv), a. Gram. Express- 
ing separation, as the ablative case. [L. abla- 
tivus — ab, from, and lotus, carried.] 

ABLAUT (ab'lowt), n. Philol. Substitution 
of one vowel for another in the body of a word, 
especially in strong verbs to indicate tense 
change; as, sting, stung. [Ger. ab, off, and 
laut, sound.] 

ABLAZE (a-blaz'), adv. and a. 1. On fire; 
blazing. 2. Ardent with desire or excitement. 

ABNORMALLY (ab-narm'a-li), adv. In an 
abnormal manner; irregularly; unnaturally. 

ABNORMITY (ab-narm'i-ti), n. [pi. AB- 
NORM'ITIES.] Irregularity; deformity. 

ABOARD (a-bord'), I. adv. On board; in a ship; 
on a train. II. prep. On board of. 

ABODE (a-bod'), n. 1. Dwelling place; home. 
2. Act, state, or time of abiding. 

ABODE (a-bod'). Past tense of ABIDE. 

ABOLISH (a-bol'ish), vt. [pr.p. ABOL'ISHING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^, in Scotch loch. 



ABOLISHABLE 



ABSENCE 



p.t. and p.p. ABOLISHED (a-bol'isht).] Put 
an end to. [L. ab, from, and oleo, grow.] 
SYN. Abrogate; revoke; repeal; annul; 
annihilate. ANT. Support; sustain; re- 
Instate; confirm; establish. 

ABOLISHABLE (a-bol'ish-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being abolished; abatable; repealable. 

ABOLISHMENT (a-bol'ish-ment), n. 1. Act 
of abolishing. 2. State or fact of being 
abolished; abrogation; abolition. 

ABOLITION (ab-o-lish'un), n. Act of abolish- 
ing; state of being abolished. 

ABOLITIONIST (ab-o-lish'un-ist), n. One who 
favors the abolition of anything, especially 
slavery; member of anti-slavery party. 

ABOMINABLE (a-bom'i-na-bl), a. Deserving 
to be abominated; hateful; detestable. 

SYN. Execrable; foul; abhorrent. ANT. 
Admirable; delightful; lovely. 

AB03IINABLENESS (a-bom'i-na-bl-nes), w. 
Quality of being abominable. 

ABOMINABLY (a-bom'i-na-bli), adv. In an 
abominable manner; detestably; execrably. 

ABOMINATE (a-bom'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. ABOMI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. ABOMINATED.] Re- 
gard with loathing; detest extremely. [L. 
abominatus, p.p. of abominor, turn from as 
of bad omen.] 

SYN. Abhor; hate. ANT. Admire. 

ABOMINATION (a-bom-i-na'shun), n. 1. Ex- 
treme aversion; detestation. 2. Abominable 
thing, condition or action. 

ABORIGLNAL (ab-o-rij'i-nal), I. a. Primitive; 
first, n. n. A first or original inhabitant. 
[L. ab, from, and origo, beginning.] 

ABORIGINES (ab-o-rij'i-nez), n.pl. of the rare 
sing. ABORIGINE. People living in a coun- 
try when first known; aborignals. 

ABORTION (a-bar'shun), n. 1. Premature 
birth. 2. Anything which fails of reaching 
maturity. [L. ab, away, and orior, begin.] 

ABORTIVE (a-bar'tiv), a. 1. Incompletely de- 
veloped. 2. Miscarrying. 3. Causing abor- 
tion. 4. Unsuccessful. 

ABOUND (a-bownd), vi. [pr.p. ABOUNDING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABOUNDED.] Be or have in 
great plenty. [L. abundo, to overflow, from 
unda, a wave.] 

SYN. Teem; swarm; overflow. ANT. 
Lack; want. 

ABOUT (a-bowf), I. prep. Round on the out- 
side; around; here and there in; near to; 
concerning; engaged in. II. adv. Around; 
nearly; here and there. — Bring about, cause 
to take place. — Come about, take place. — 
Go about, prepare to do. [A. S. abutan — 
a, on, be, by, utan, outside.] 

ABOVE (a-buv'), I. prep. On the up side; 
higher than; more than; beyond; superior to. 
II. adv. Overhead; in a higherj>osrtion, order, 
or power; in heaven. [A. S. abufan — a, on, 
be, by, and ufan, high.] 



ABOVE (a-buv'), I. a. Given or said in a pre- 
ceding part. II. n. That which is above. 

ABOVEBOARD (a-buv'bord), a. and adv. Open; 
fairly; without trickery. 

ABRACADABRA (ab-ra-ka-dab'ra), ». A caba- 
listic word or group A BRACADABRA 
of letters, used as a ABRACADABR 
charm. ABRACADAB 

ABRADANT (ab-ra'- ^VrVcVd* 
dant), n. Substance A B R A C A 

used for abrading, as A B R A C 

emery or sand. ^A^B^R^" 

ABRADE (ab-rad'), vi. A b 

[pr.p. ABBA'DING; A 

p.t. and p.p. ABRA'- Abracadabra. 

DED.J Scrape off. [L. ab, off, and rado, scrape.] 

ABRASION (ab-ra'zhun), n. 1. Act of scrap- 
ing or rubbing off. 2. Matter scraped off. 

ABREAST (a-bresf), adv. 1. Side by side; 
evenly advanced. 2. Elec. Having like poles 
connected; in multiple arc. 

ABRIDGE (a-brij'), vt. [pr.p. ABRIDGING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABRIDGED (a-brijd').] 1. 
Shorten by condensing; epitomize. 2. Deprive 
of, as a right or privilege. [Fr. abreger; — 
L. ab (for ad), to, and brevis, short.] 

ABRIDGMENT (a-brijment), n. 1. Act of 
abridging. 2. State of being abridged. 3. 
Abridged form; compendium; digest. 

ABROAD (a-brad'), adv. 1. Out of doors; at 
large. 2. In foreign lands. 3. In circula- 
tion. 4. Expansively; widely; broadly. 

ABROGATE (ab'ro-gat), vt. [pr.p. ABROGAT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ABROGATED.] Repeal; 
annul. [L. ab, from, and rogo, ask.] 

ABROGATION (ab-ro-ga'shun), n. Act of 
abrogating; annulment; repeal. 

ABROGATIVE (ab'ro-ga-tiv), a. Tending or 
meant to abrogate. 

ABRUPT (ab-rupf), a. 1. Ending as though 
broken off. 2. Very steep. 3. Unexpected; 
sudden. 4. Unceremonious; brusque. [L. ab, 
off, and rumpo, break.] 

ABRUPTLY (ab-rupt'li), adv. In an abrupt 
manner. 

ABRUPTNESS (ab-rupt'nes), n. State or qual- 
ity of being abrupt. 

ABS-, prefix. Same as ab-. Used before c and 
t, as in abscond, abstract, 

ABSCISSA (ab-sis'a), n. The straight line cut 
off or intercepted between the vertex of a curve 
and an ordinate, measured along the principal 
axis. [L. abscissus, cut off.] 

ABSCESS (ab'ses), n. Collection of pus within 
some tissue of the body; tumor. [L. abs, 
away, and cedo, go.] 

ABSCOND (ab-skond'), vi. [pr.p. ABSCOND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSCONDED.] Hide one's 
self; go away suddenly and secretly. [L. abs, 
from, or away, and condo, hide.] 

ABSENCE (ab'sens), n. 1. Being away or not 
present. 2. Inattention. 3. Want. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then t kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



ABSENT 



ABSURDLY 



ABSENT (ab-senf), vt. [pr.p. ABSENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABSENT'ED.] Keep one's self 
away: now used only reflexively. 

ABSENT (ab'sent), a. 1. Not present. 2. In- 
attentive; absent-minded. [L.] 

ABSENTEE (ab-sen-te'), n. One who Is absent 
from his employment, station, or country. 

ABSENT-MINDED (ab-sent-mlnd'ed), a. Ab- 
sorbed in thought; inattentive. 

ABSINTH, ABSINTHE, (ab'sinth), n. Liquor 
flavored with wormwood. [Fr. absinthe — L. 
absinthium, wormwood.] 

ABSOLUTE (ab'so-lot), a. 1. Complete; per- 
fect. 2. Unlimited; free from conditions; 
arbitrary. 3. Free from mixture; unadul- 
terated. 4. Positive; unquestionable. [L. ab- 
solutus, p.p. of absolvo. See ABSOLVE.] 

SYN. Entire; unconditional; unequivo- 
cal; actual; real. ANT. Incomplete; con- 
ditional; relative; limited; accountable. 

ABSOLUTELY (ab'so-lot-li), adv. With no 
restriction as to amount, relation or condition. 

ABSOLUTENESS (ab'so-lot-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being absolute. 

ABSOLUTION (ab-so-lo'shun), n. 1. Release 
from punishment. 2. Remission of sins. 

ABSOLUTISM (ab'so-lo-tism), n. Principle of 
government without restriction. 

ABSOLUTORY (ab-sol'u-to-ri), a. Absolving 
or tending to absolve. 

ABSOLVABLE (ab-solv'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being absolved. 

ABSOLVATORY (ab-solv'a-to-ri), a. Having 
power to absolve. 

ABSOLVE (ab-solv'), vt. [pr.p. ABSOLVING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABSOLVED (ab-solvd').] Re- 
leased from obligation or guilt; pardon. 
[L. absolvo; ab, from, and solvo, loose.] 

ABSORB (ab-sarb'), vt. [pr.p. ABSORBING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABSORBED (ab-sarbd').] 1. 
Suck up; drink in. 2. Swallow up; engulf. 
3. Engross the whole attention; occupy fully. 
[L. absorbeo, suck in.] 

SYN. Imbibe; engulf; engross. ANT. 
Disgorge; exude; radiate; emit. 

ABSORBABILITY (ab-sarb-a-bil'i-ti), n. State 
or quality of being absorbable. 

ABSORBABLE ( ab-sarb 'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being absorbed. 

ABSORBENT ( ab-sarb 'ent), I. a. Produ- 
cing absorption; tending to absorb. II. n. 
That which absorbs or has a tendency to 
absorb. 

ABSORPTION (ab-sarp'shun), n. 1. Act of ab- 
sorbing. 2. State of being absorbed. 

ABSORPTIVE (ab-sarp'tiv), a. Having power 
to absorb. 

ABSTAIN (ab-stanO, vi. [pr.p. ABSTAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. ABSTAINED (ab-stand').] Re- 
frain (from). [Fr. abstenir — L. abs, from, and 
teneo, hold.] 

ABSTAINER (ab-stan'er), n. One who abstains ; 
teetotaler. 



ABSTEMIOUS (ab-ste'mi-us), a. Sparing In 
food, drink, or enjoyment; temperate. [L.] 

ABSTEMIOUSLY (ab-ste'mi-us-li), adv. In an 
abstemious manner. 

ABSTEMIOUSNESS (ab-ste'mi-us-nes), n. 

Quality of being abstemious; abstinence. 

ABSTENTION (ab-sten'shun), n. Act of ab- 
staining. [See ABSTAIN.] 

ABSTERGE (ab-sterj'), vt. [pr.p. ABSTERG'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSTERGED (ab-sterjd').] 
Wipe away; cleanse; purge. [L. ab, away, 
and tergeo, wipe.] 

ABSTERGENT (ab-ster'jent), I. a. Serving to 
cleanse; cleansing; purging. II. n. That 
which cleanses or purges; detergent. 

ABSTERSION (ab-ster'shun), n. Act of cleans- 
ing by lotions. [L. abstersio.] 

ABSTINENCE (ab'sti-nens), n. Abstaining or 
refraining, especially from some indulgence. 
[See ABSTAIN.] 

ABSTINENT (ab'sti-nent), a. Practicing ab- 
stinence; abstemious; temperate; continent. 

ABSTRACT (ab-strakt), vt. [pr.p. ABSTRACT '- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ABSTRACTED.] 1. Take 
away; separate; purloin. 2. Epitomize. 3. 
Consider apart. 

SYN. Remove; purloin; withdraw; dis- 
tinguish. ANT. Complete; combine. 

ABSTRACT (ab'strakt). I. a. Conceived apart 
from matter or particular case, as an abstract 
number (the opposite of concrete). II. n. 1. 
Summary; abridgment. 2. That which is 
withdrawn or separated; essence. [L. abs, 
away, and traho, tractum, draw.] 
SYN. See ABRIDGMENT. 

ABSTRACTED (ab-strakt'ed), a. 1. Separated; 
abstruse; difficult. 2. Absent-minded. 

ABSTRACTEDLY (ab-strakt'ed-li), adv. In an 
abstracted or absent-minded manner. 

ABSTRACTION (ab-strak shun), n. 1. Act of 
abstracting. 2. State of being abstracted. 3. 
That which is abstracted; mental conception. 

ABSTRACTIVE (ab-strakt'iv), a. Having the 
power or quality of abstracting. 

ABSTRACTLY (ab-strakt'li), adv. 1. In an 
abstract manner. 2. In the manner of an 
abstract or summary. 

ABSTRACTNESS (ab-strakt'nes), n. Quality 
or state of being abstract; abstruseness. 

ABSTRUSE (ab-stros'), o. Difficult to under- 
stand. [L. abs, away, and trudo, tritsum, 
thrust ] 

ABSTRUSELY (ab-stros'li), adv. In an ab- 
struse manner. 

ABSTRUSENESS (ab-stros'nes), n. Quality of 
being abstruse. 

ABSURD (ab-siird'), a. Obviously unreasonable 
or false. [L. ab, very, and surdus, indistinct.] 

ABSURDITY (ab-surd'i-ti), n. [pi. ABSURDI- 
TIES.] 1. Quality or state of being absurd. 
2. That which is absurd. 

ABSURDLY (ab-surd'li), adv. In a manner at 
variance with reason. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



J 



> 



ABSURDNESS 



ACCELERATIVE 



(ab-surd'nes), n. Quality of 



Overflowing 



ABSURDNESS 

being absurd. 

ABUNDANCE (a-bun'dans), 
plenty. [See ABOUND.] 

SYN. Profusion; repletion; wealth; am- 
plitude; affluence; plenteousness. ANT. 
Rarity; scarcity; paucity; dearth. 

ABUNDANT (a-bun'dant), a. In great supply; 
fully sufficient. 

SYN. Copious; ample; plenteous; bounti- 
ful; rich; teeming; luxuriant. ANT. In- 
adequate; deficient; scant; scarce. 

ABUNDANTLY (a-bun'dant-li), adv. Amply; 
sufficiently; copiously. 

ABUSE (a-buz'), vt. [pr.p. ABU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. ABUSED (a-buzd').] 1. Put to an 
improper use. 2. Use in an illegitimate or 
improper sense. 3. Use ill. 4. Violate; de- 
file. 5. Revile; vilify. [L. abusus, p.p. of 
abuti, misuse.] 

ABUSE (a-bus')» n. 1. Employment for a 
wrong purpose; misuse. 2. Corrupt practice. 
3. Insulting language. 4. Cruel treatment. 
5. Violation; defilement. 

SYN. Misusage; misapplication; perver- 
sion; ill-treatment; invective; scurrility; 
opprobrium; vituperation. 

ABUSIVE (a-bu'siv), a. Containing or prac- 
ticing abuse. 

ABUSIVELY (a-bu'siv-li), adv. In an abusive 
manner. 

ABUSIVENESS (a-bu'siv-nes), n. Quality of 
being abusive. 

ABUT (a-buf), vi. [pr.p. ABUT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. ABUTTED.] Adjoin at the end; 
border upon; be contiguous. [Fr. aboutir, 
from bout, the end.] 

ABUTMENT (a-but'ment), n. 1. Act or state 
of abutting. 2. Arch. Solid part, as of a 
pier or wall, against which an arch rests; 
supporting structure. 3. Mach. Fixed point 
from which resistance or reaction is ob- 
tained. 

ABUTTAL (a-but'al), n. Act or state of abutting. 

ABYSMAL (a-biz'mal), a. Bottomless; unend- 
ing. [0. Fr. abistne. — M. L. abyssimus. See 
ABYSS.] 

ABYSS (a-bisO, n. Bottom- 
less gulf; vast depth or 
cavern. [Gr. a priv. (with- 
out), and byssos, bottom.] 

SYN. Chasm; deep; 
depth; gulf. ANT. 

Hill; mount; summit. 

Abyssinia (ab-i-sin'ia), n. 

Monarchy in Eastern Afri- 
ca. Area 200,000 sq. m. 

Abyssinian (ab-i-sin'i-an) 

I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Abyssinia, a country of N. 
E. Africa. II. n. Native or inhabitant of 
Abyssinia. 
AC-, prefix. Assimilated form of ad- [before c 
and q. 




Menelek II., Em- 
peror of Abyssinia. 
Born 1843. 




Acacia (Acacia 
Arabica). 

adv. In 



-AC, suffix. Pertaining to; having the quality 

of, as maniac, one who has mania. [L. -acus — 

Gr. -akos.] 
ACACIA (a-ka'shi-a), n. 1. 

Genus of thorny flowery 

plants with pinnate leaves. 

2. [a-] Plant of this genus. 

[Gr. akakia — ake, point.] 
ACADEMIC (ak-a-dem'ik), n. 

1. Platonic philosopher. 2. 
[a-] Member of an academy. 

ACADEMIC (ak-a-dem'ik), 
ACADEMICAL (ak-a-dem'- 
ik-al), a. Relating to an 
academy. 

ACADE3IICALLY (ak-a-dem'i-kal-i) 
an academic manner; scholarly. 

ACADEMICALS (ak-a-dem'i-kalz), n.pl. Dress 
prescribed by an academy, college, univer- 
sity, or other institution of learning. 

ACADEMICIAN (ak-ad-e-mish'an), n . Mem- 
ber of an academy. 

ACADEMY (a-kad'e-mi), n. 1. Originally, the 
school of Plato. 2. [a-] Society of artists, or 
men of letters. 3. [a-] Intermediate school. 
[Gr. akademia, the garden where Plato taught.] 

ACANTHUS (a-kan'thus,) 
n. 1. Prickly plant, bear's 
breach. 2. In architect- 
ure, an ornament re- 
sembling its leaf. [Gr. 
ake, point, and anthos, 
a flower.] 

A CAPELLA (a ka-pel'-a). 
Music. In church style, 
without accompaniment. 
[It.] 

ACARDIAC (a-kar'di-ak), 
a. Without a heart. [Gr. 
a priv. and kardia 9 
heart.] 

ACAULESCENCE (ak-a-les'ens), n. Bot. 
absence of the aerial stem or aulis. 

ACCEDE (ak-sed'), vi. [pr.p. ACCE'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCE'DED.] 1. Agree; assent. 

2. Come in possession; attain. [L. ad, to, 
and cedo, go.] 

ACCELERANDO (a-cha-la-ran'do), adv. Music. 
Hastening the movement. [It.] 

ACCELERATE (ak-seler-at), v. [pr.p. ACCEL'- 
ERATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCELERATED.] 
I. vt. Increase the speed of; hasten the prog- 
ress of. II. vi. Move more rapidly. [L. ad, 
to, and celer, swift.] 

SYN. Hasten; hurry; expedite; speed; 
quicken; dispatch. ANT. Delay; ob- 
struct; impede; hinder. 

ACCELERATION (ak-sel-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of accelerating; increase of speed. 2. 
Phys. Rate of increase of velocity per unit 
of time.' 

ACCELERATIVE (ak-sel'er-a-tiv), a. Tending 
to accelerate; acceleratory. 




Acanthus (Acanthus 

Spinosus) . 



The 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ACCELERATOR 



ACCLIVITY 



ACCELERATOR (ak-sel'er-a-tur), n. Any 
agent or device that accelerates motion. 

ACCELERATORT (ak-sel'er-a-to-ri), a. Ac- 
celerative. 

ACCENT (ak'sent), n. 1. Modulation of the 
voice. 2. Stress on a syllable or word. 3. 
Mark used to indicate this stress. 4. Peculiar 
intonation of speech, as foreign accent. 5. 
Music. Strain which occurs at regular inter- 
vals of time. 6. [pi.] Words. [L. accentus; 
from ad, to, and cano, sing.] 

ACCENT (ak-senf), vt. [pr.p. ACCENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCENT'ED.] Express or note 
the accent. 

ACCENTUAL (ak-sen'tu-al), a. Pertaining to 
accent. 

ACCENTUATE (ak-sen'tu-at), vt. [pr.p. AC- 
CENTUATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCENTU- 
ATED.] 1. Mark or pronounce with accent. 
2. Give prominence to. 

ACCENTUATION (ak-sen-tu-a'shun), n. Act 
or result of accentuating. 

ACCEPT (ak-sepf), vt. [pr.p. ACCEP'TING; p.p. 
ACCEP'TED.] 1. Receive when offered. 2. 
Agree to. 3. Promise to pay. [L. ad, to, 
and capio, take.] 

SYN. Take; admit; accede to; assent to; 
accommodate one's self to; listen to; grant; 
approve. ANT. Refuse; decline; reject; 
disown; disavow; ignore; repudiate. 

ACCEPTABILITY (ak-sept-a-bili-ti), n. Quality 
of being acceptable. 

ACCEPTABLE (ak-septa-bl), a. Such as to 
be accepted; pleasing; agreeable. 

ACCEPTABLENESS (ak-sept'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being acceptable. 

ACCEPTABLY (ak-sept'a-bli), adv. In an ac- 
ceptable or pleasing manner. 

ACCEPTANCE (ak-sept'ans), n. 1. Favorable 
reception. 2. Agreeing to terms. 3. Ac- 
cepted bill. 

ACCEPTATION (ak-sep-ta'shun), n. 1. Re- 
ceived meaning of a word. 2. Reception, 
coupled with approbation. 

ACCEPTER (ak-septer), ACCEPTOR (ak-sepf- 
ur), n. One who accepts. 

ACCESS (ak'ses or ak-ses'), n. 1. Admission 
to a place or person; approach; passage. 2. 
Addition; increase. [See ACCEDE.] 

ACCESSARY (ak-ses'a-ri). Same as ACCESSORY. 

ACCESSIBLE (ak-ses'i-bl), a. That may be 
approached. 

ACCESSIBILITY (ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being accessible. 

ACCESSIBLY (ak-ses'i-bli), adv. In an ac- 
cessible manner. 

ACCESSION (ak-sesh'un), n. 1. Addition. 2. 
That which is added. 3. Attainment. 4. 
Assent. 5. Med. Approach of a disease. 
CCESSORY (ak-ses'6-ri), I. n. [pi. ACCES'- 
SORIES.] Abetter; accomplice; subordinate 
part. II. a. Contributing; aiding; abetting. 
[Same as ACCESSARY.] [See ACCEDE.] 



SYN. Auxiliary; ally; accomplice; con- 
federate; abettor; coadjutor; pal. ANT. 
Opponent; adversary; disputant; rival. 

ACCIACCATURA (ach-yak-ka-to'ra), n. Music. 
1. Grace note one-half step below a principal 
note. 2. Short appoggiatura. [It.] 

ACCIDENCE (ak'si-dens), n. 1. The part of 
grammar treating of the inflections of words 
(because these changes are "accidentals" of 
words and not "essentials"). 2. The rudi- 
ments of grammar or of any science or art. 
[See ACCIDENT.] 

ACCIDENT (ak'si-dent), n. 1. Undesigned, 
unforeseen, or unexpected occurrence, espe- 
cially if it be calamitous; chance happening; 
casualty. 2. Unessential quality or prop- 
erty. 3. Gram. Inflection, as of number, 
gender, or case. [L. ad, to, and cado, fall.] 
SYN. Misfortune; mishap; misadven- 
ture; contingency; hazard; chance. ANT. 
Fate; decree; plan; appointment. 

ACCIDENTAL (ak-si-den'tal), I. a. 1. Hap- 
pening by chance. 2. Not essential. II. n. 
A non-essential feature or property. 

ACCIDENTALLY (ak-si-den'tal-i), adv. In an 
accidental manner; by accident. 

ACCIPITER (ak-sipi-ter), w. 1. Zool. One 
of the Accipitres; bird of prey. 2. Surg. 
Facial bandage with claw-shaped tails. [L. 
from accipio, seize.] 

ACCIPITRAL (ak-sip'i-tral), a. Like a bird of 
prey; hawk-like. 

ACCIPITRES (ak-sip'i-trez), n.pl. Zool. Birds 
of prey; Raptores. [L. pi. of accipiter.] 

ACCLAIM (ak-klam'), v. [pr.p. ACCLAIM 'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCLAIMED (ak-klamd').] I. 
vt. Applaud. II. vi. Shout applause. [L. ad, 
to, and clatno, shout.] 

ACCLAMATION (ak-kla-ma'shun), n. 1. Shout 
of applause. 2. Formal, viva voce vote of 
approval; unanimous shout. 

SYN. Applause; plaudit; exultation; 
approbation. ANT. Derision; hissing; 
disapprobation; censure; denunciation. 

ACCLAMATORY (ak-klam'a-to-ri), a. Express- 
ing approval by acclamation. 

ACCLIMATABLE (ak-kli'ma-ta-bl), a. Capable 
of being acclimated. 

ACCLIMATE (ak-kli'mat), vt. [pr.p. ACCLI'- 
MATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCLIMATED.] 
Inure to a new climate. [L. ad, to, and 
CLIMATE.] 

ACCLIMATION (ak-kli-ma'shun), n. Process 
of acclimating; state of being acclimated.' 

ACCLIMATIZATION (ak-kli-ma-ti-zashun), n. 
Process of acclimatizing. 

ACCLIMATIZE (ak-kli'ma-tiz), v. [pr.p. AC- 
CLIMATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ACCLIMA- 
TIZED (ak-kll'ma-tizd).] I. vt. Acclimate. 
II. vi. Become acclimated. 

ACCLIVITY (ak-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. ACCLIVI- 
TIES.] Upward slope. [L. ad, to, and clivus, 
slope.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ix=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



> 



ACCLIVOUS 



ACCRESCENT 



a. Sloping upward; 




Accolade. 



Af- 



ACCLIVOUS (ak-kli'vus), 
steep. 

ACCOLADE (ak'6-lad), n. 
Arch. Curved ornamen- 
tal molding. 

ACCOMMODATE (ak- 
kom'o-dat), vt. [pr.p. 
ACCOMMODATING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCOM'- 
MODATED.] 1. Comply 
with the wishes of; 
oblige. 2. Adapt; adjust; 
make suitable. 3. Sup- 
ply; make provision for. 
[L. ad, to, and commodo, adapt.] 

ACCOMMODATING (ak-kom'o-da-ting), a. 
fording accommodation; obliging. 

ACCOMMODATION (ak-kom-o-da'shun), n. 1. 
Fitness; adjustment. 2. Provision of con- 
venience. 3. Loan of money. 

ACCOMMODATIVE (ak-kom'o-da-tiv), a. 1. 
Disposed to accommodate. 2. Supplying ac- 
commodation. 

ACCOMPANIMENT (ak-kum'pa-ni-ment), n. 
1. That which accompanies, or attends. 2. 
Music. Instrumental part accompanying vo- 
cal part or parts ; subsidiary instrumental part. 

ACCOMPANIST (ak-kum'pa-nist), n. Music. 
Person who takes the subordinate part; one 
who plays the accompaniment. 

ACCOMPANY (ak-kum'pa-ni), v. [pr.p. AC- 
COMPANYING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOMPA- 
NIED (ak-kum'pa-nid).] I. vt. 1. Go along 
with. 2. Attend upon. 3. Be associated with. 
4. Music. Perform the accompaniment. II. 
vi. Play the accompaniment. [Fr. accom- 
pagner. See COMPANY.] 

SYN. Escort; convoy; follow. ANT. 
Avoid; eschew; desert; leave; abandon. 

ACCOMPLICE (ak-kom'plis), n. Associate in 
crime. [L. ad, to, and complex, -ids, joined.] 

ACCOMPLISH (ak-kom'plish), vt. [pr.p. AC- 
COMPLISHING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOM- 
PLISHED (ak-kom'plisht).] Perform, or effect; 
fulfill. [L. ad, to, and compleo, fill up.] 

SYN. Achieve; effect; execute; per- 
form; complete; consummate; fulfill; 
realize. ANT. Fail; miss; baffle; frus- 
trate; ruin; collapse; founder; succumb. 

ACCOMPLISHED (ak-kom'plisht), a. 1. Com- 
pleted. 2. Having accomplishments. 

ACCOMPLISHMENT (ak-kom'plish-ment), n. 
i. Full performance of an undertaking; com- 
pletion. 2. Ornamental acquirement. 

ACCORD (ak-kard'), v . [pr.p. ACCORDING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCORD'ED.] I. vt. Grant. II. 
vi. Agree; be in correspondence; harmonize. 
[L. ad, to, and cor, cordis, heart.] 

SYN. Concede; give; reconcile; corre- 
spond; tally. ANT. Deny; withhold; differ; 
disagree; vary; clash; dissent; contro- 
vert. 

ACCORD (ak-kard'), n. 1. Agreement; har- 




Accordion. 



mony. 2. Spontaneous action, as in the 
phrase "own accord." 

ACCORDANCE (ak-kar'dans), n. Agreement; 
conformity; harmony; concord; sympathy. 

ACCORDANT (ak-kar'dant), a. Agreeing; cor- 
responding; in harmony. 

ACCORDING (ak-kard'ing), a. In accordance; 
agreeing. — According as, in proportion as. — 
According to, in accordance with, or agree- 
ably to. 

ACCORDINGLY (ak-kar'ding-li), adv. 1. Suit- 
ably; agreeably. 2. In assent. 

ACCORDION (ak- 
kar'di-un), n. Port- 
able musical reed 
instrument, played 
with bellows and ' 
keys. [From AC- 
CORD.] 

ACCOST (ak-kosf), 
vt. [pr. p. ACCOST '- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ACCOST'ED.] 1. 

Speak to first; ad- 
dress. 2. Approach; come face to face with; 
make up to. [L. ad, to, and costa, side.] 

ACCOUCHEMENT (ak-koch'ment. Fr. pron. 
ak-kosh-mong'), n. Delivery in child-bed. [Fr.] 

ACCOUCHEUR (ak-kb-shur'), n. [fern. ACCOU- 
CHEUSE (ak-ko-shuz').] Obstetrician. [Fr.] 

ACCOUNT (ak-kownt), v. [pr.p. ACCOUNTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCOUNTED.] I. vU Reckon 
as; assign for; compute; explain. H. vi. 1. 
Furnish an accounting. 2. Assign a reason 
(for). [Fr. accompte — L. ad, to, com, together, 
and uto, reckon.] 

ACCOUNT (ak-kownf), n. 1. Computation; 
reckoning. 2. Statement; record; narrative. 
3. Value; consideration. 4. Sake; behalf. 

ACCOUNTABILITY (ak-kownt-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
State or quality of being accountable. 

ACCOUNTABLE (ak-kownt'a-bl), a. 1. Liable 
to be called to account. 2. Explainable. 

ACCOUNTABLENESS (ak-kownt'a-bl-nes), n. 
Accountability. 

ACCOUNTABLY (ak-kownt'a-bli), adv. In an 
accountable manner. 

ACCOUNTANT (ak-kownt'ant), n. One who 
keeps accounts; one skilled in accounts. 

ACCOUTER, ACCOUTRE (ak-ko'ter), vt. [pr.p. 
ACCOUT'ERING; p.t. and p.p. ACCOUT- 
ERED (ak-ko'terd).] Furnish military dress 
and trappings ; equip. [Fr. accoutrer — of doubt- 
ful origin.] 

ACCOUTERMENT, ACCOUTREMENT (ak-ko'- 
ter-ment), n. 1. Equipment. 2. [pi.] Mil. 
Equipments of a soldier except arms and 
clothing. 

ACCREDIT (ak-kred'it), vt. [pr.p. ACCREDIT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ACCREDITED.] Give 
credit, trust, honor or authority to. [L. ad, 
to, and credo, trust. See CREDIT.] 

ACCRESCENT (ak-kres'ent), a. Bot. Increas- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ACCRETION 



ACETYL 



ing in size after flowering, as with the calyx 
and corolla. 

ACCRETION (ak-kre'shun), n. Act of grow- 
ing; increase. [L. ad, to, and cresco, grow.] 

ACCRUE (ak-kro'), vi. [pr.p. ACCRU'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ACCRUED (ak-krod').] 1. Come as 
a natural result or increment. 2. Arise as an 
addition or increase; accumulate. [L. ad, to, 
and cresco, grow.] 

ACCUSATION (ak-ku-ba'shun), n. Ancient 
custom of reclining &t meals. 

ACCUMRENT (ak-kum'bent), a. 1. Lying down 
or reclining on a couch. 2. Bot. Lying 
against. [L. ad, to, and cutnbo, lie.] 

ACCUMULATE (ak-ku'mu-lat), v. [pr.p. AC- 
CUMULATING; p.t. and p.p. ACCUMU- 
LATED.] I. vt. Heap or pile up; amass. II. 
vi. Increase greatly, as of profits, wealth, etc. 
[L. ad, to, and cumulus, a heap.] 

ACCUMULATION (ak-ku-mu-la'shun), n. 1. 
Process of accumulating. 2. That which is ac- 
cumulated. 3. Growth by continued addition. 

ACCUMULATIVE (ak-ku'mu-la-tiv), a. Tend- 
ing to accumulate. 

ACCUMULATOR 
(ak-ku'mu-la-tur), 
n. 1. One who or 
that which accu- 
mulates. Elec. 2. 
An electric storage 
battery. 

ACCURACY (ak'u- 
ra-si), n. Quality 
or state of being 
accurate ; exact- 
ness. Accumulator. 

ACCURATE (ak'u-rat), a. Very exact; 
with care. [L. ad, to, and cura, care.] 

SYN. Correct; precise. ANT. Erron- 
eous; wrong. 

ACCURATELY (ak'-u-rat-li), adv. With ac- 
curacy. 

ACCURATENESS (ak'u-rat-nes), n. Accuracy; 
exactness; precision; veracity; authenticity. 

ACCURSE (ak-kurs'), vt. [pr.p. ACCUR'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACCURSED (ak-kurst').] Pro- 
nounce a curse upon; curse. [A. S. a- intens. 
and cursian, curse.] 

ACCURSED (ak-kur'sed), a. Subjected to a 
curse; doomed; extremely wicked; execrable. 

ACCUSATION (ak-ku-sa'shun), n. 1. Act of 
accusing or state of being accused. 2. That 
of which one is accused; charge. 

ACCUSATIVE (ak-ku'za-tiv), I. a. Accusing. 
II. n. Gram. The case of a noun on which the 
action of a verb falls (in English, the ob- 
jective). 

ACCUSATORY (ak-ku'sa-to-ri), a. Involving 
an accusation; embodying a charge. 

ACCUSE (ak-kuz'), vt. [pr.p. ACCU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. ACCUSED (ak-kuzd').] 1. Charge 
with misconduct or wrong-doing. 2. Find fault 
with; blame. 3. Law. Make a charge of 




done 



crime against. [L. accuso; from ad, to, and 
causa, cause.] 

SYN. Censure; reproach; arraign; in- 
dict; impeach. ANT. Acquit; exonerate; 
absolve; exculpate; justify; discharge. 

ACCUSED (ak-kuzd'), I. a. Charged with 
wrong-doing. II. n. Person charged with an 
offense. 

ACCUSER (ak-ku'zer), n. One who accuses. 

ACCUSTOM (ak-kus'tum), vt. [pr.p. ACCUS'- 
TOMING; p.t. and p.p. ACCUSTOMED (ak- 
kus'tumd).] Make familiar by custom. [See 
CUSTOM.] 

ACE (as), n. One-spot of cards and dice; unit. 
[L. as, unit — as, Tarentine Doric form of Gr. 
heis, one.] 

-ACEOUS (a-shus), suffix. Having the quality 
of, as herbaceous. [L. -aceus.'] 

ACEPHALOUS (a-sef'a-lus), a. Having no dis- 
tinct head; headless. [Gr. akephalos; a priv., 
and kephalos, head.] 

ACERRITY (a-ser'bi-ti), n. [pi. ACERBITD3S 
(a-ser'bi-tiz).] Sourness; harshness; bitter- 
ness; severity. [L. acerbus, harsh to the taste.] 

ACEROSE (as'e-r6z), a. Bot. Needle-shaped. 
[L. acerosis; from acus, aceris, chaff.] 

ACESCENCE(a-ses'ens),ACESCENCY(a-ses'en- 
si), n. State or quality of being acescent. 

ACESCENT (a-ses'ent), a. Tending to acidity; 
turning sour. [L. acescens.] 

ACESTES (a-ses'tez),n. Greek Myth. A Sicilian 
king who assisted Priam in the Trojan war 
and entertained ^Eneas. 

ACETABULUM (as-e-tab'u-lum), n. Bot. Cup- 
shaped receptacle of different fungi; fructifi- 
cation of lichens. [L. acetabulum, cup-shaped 
vessel.] 

ACETANILID, ACETANILIDE (as-e-tan'i-lid), 
n. Whitish powder with pungent taste, used 
in medicine as an antipyretic; also called 
ANTIFEBRIN. [ACETYL and ANILID.] 

ACETATE (as'e-tat), n. Salt of acetic acid. 

ACETIC (a-set'ik), a. Of or like vinegar; sour. 
[L. acetum, vinegar.] 

ACETIFICATION (a-set-I-fl-ka'shun), n. Proc- 
ess of making sour, or converting into 
vinegar. 

ACETIFY (a-set'i-fi), v. [pr.p. ACET'IFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACETIFIED (a-set'i-fid).] I. vt. 
Make sour; convert into vinegar. II. vi. 
Become changed into vinegar. 

ACETlMETER (as-e-tim'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for ascertaining the amount or strength of 
acetic acid or vinegar. [L. acetum, vinegar, 
and Gr. metron, measure.] 

ACETONE (as'e-ton), n. Chemical reagent- 
solvent, used in the manufacture of iodoform, 
chloral, and chloroform. [See ACETIC] 

ACETOUS (as'e-tus), a. Possessing the quality 
of vinegar; sour. 

ACETYL (as'e-til), n. Chem. Monatomic radical 
(C 2 H 3 0) supposed to exist in acetic acid. 
[L. acetum, vinegar, and Gr. hyU, substance.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



1 



> 



ACETYLENE 



10 



ACOUPHONE 




Acetylene Burner. 



ACETYLENE (a-set'i-len), 
tt. Illuminating gas ob- 
tained by the action of 
water on calcium-car- 
bide. 

AcH.'EUS (a-ke'us), n. 
Greek Myth. A king of 
Lydia, hung for extortion, 
sOn of Xuthus. 

Achates (a-ka'tez), n. 

Greek Myth. Faithful 
companion and friend of 
iEneas and usually termed "fldus Achates." 

ACHE (ak),"vi. [pr.p. ACH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ACHED (akt).] Suffer pain; be in pain. [A. S. 
acan, ache.] 

ACHE (ak), n. Pain or distress, especially if pro- 
tracted. 

ACHENIUM (a-ke'ni-um), n. Bot. An inde- 
hiscent, dry pericarp, free from its one seed, 
tipped with the remnants of the style, as in 
the buttercup. 

ACHERON (ak'e-ron), n. Greek Myth. Son of 
Ceres who was punished by being turned into 
a river of Hades bearing his name, over which 
departed souls were ferried. 

ACHIEVABLE (a-chev'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
achieved. 

ACHIEVE (a-chev'), vt. [pr.p. ACHIEVING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACHIEVED (a-chevd').] Perform; 
accomplish; gain; win. [Fr. achever.] 

ACHIEVE3IENT (a-chev'ment), n. 1. Act of 
achieving. 2. That which is achieved; note- 
worthy performance. 3. Escutcheon. 

ACHILLES (a-kil'ez), n. Greek Myth. Greek 
hero in the Trojan war; chief character of 
Homer's Iliad; son of Peleus, king of Thessa- 
ly; his mother, Thetis, plunged him, when an 
Infant, into the Stygian pool, which made him 
Invulnerable, but the heel by which he was 
held was not wetted; he was shot with an 
arrow in the heel by Paris, at the siege of Troy, 
and died of his wound. 

ACHROMATIC (ak-ro-mat'ik), a. 1. Trans- 
mitting colorless light, as a lens. 2. Biol. 
Not absorbing color from other substances. 
[Gr. a- priv. and chroma, color.] 

ACHROMATICITY (ak-ro-ma-tis'i-ti), ACHRO- 
MATISM (a-kro'ma-tizm), n. State of being 
achromatic. 

ACICULA (a-sik'u-la), n. [pi. ACICHLE (a-sik'- 
u-le).] 1. Zool. Slender spine or needle-like 
process. 2. Bot. Bristle-like flower of grass. 3. 
Cryst. Needle-shaped crystal. [L. acicula, 
fem. diminutive of acus, needle.] 

ACICULAR (a-slk'u-lar), a. Needle-shaped. 

ACICULATE (a-sik'u-lat), ACICULATED (a- 
sik'u-15-ted), «. In the form of a needle; 
acicirlar. 

ACID (as'Id), I. «. Sharp to the taste; sour. II. 
n. 1. Sour substance. 2. Substance that will 
unite with a base to form a salt. [L. aceo, 
be sour.] 



Capable of 



Act 
being 



ACIDIFIABLE (a-sid'i-fi-a-bl), 
being rendered acid. 

ACIDIFICATION (a-sid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
or process of rendering acid; state of 
acidified. 

ACIDIFY (a-sid'i-fi), v. [pr.p. ACID'DJYING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACIDIFIED (a-sid'i-fid).] I. vt. 
Convert into acid; render acid or sour. II. vi. 
Become acid or sour. 

ACIDI3IETER (as-i-dim'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the strength of acids. [ACID 
and METER.] 

ACIDITY (a-sid'i-ti), n. Quality of being acid 
or sour. 

ACIDULATE (a-sid'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. ACID'U- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. ACID'ULATED.] Make 
slightly acid. 

ACIDULOUS (a-sid'u«lus), a. 1. Slightly sour. 
2. Sour-tempered. 

-ACIOUS, suffix. Full of; characterized by, as 
pertinacious. [L. -ax, -acis.~\ 

AciS (a 'sis), n. Greek Myth. Son of Faunus 
and Syma^this, beloved by Galatea and killed 
by his unsuccessful rival Polyphemus. 

ACKNOWLEDGE (ak-nolej), vt. [pr.p. AC- 
KNOWLEDGING; p.t. and p.p. ACKNOWL- 
EDGED (ak-nol'ejd).] 1. Recognize as a fact 
or truth. 2. Recognize as valid. 3. Report 
the receipt of. 4. Law. Certify under oath. 

SYN. Admit; concede; confess; indorse; 
own; avow; ANT. Deny; disavow; dis- 
claim; repudiate. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (ak-nol'ej-ment), n. 1. 
Act of acknowledging. 2. Law. Declaration 
of an act, under oath, made before an official 
legally empowered to receive the same. 3. 
Token or sign whereby something is acknowl- 
edged; certificate of admission or confession. 

SYN. Avowal; recognition; confession; 
certificate; voucher. ANT. Denial. 

ACME (ak'me), n. Top or highest point; crisis, 
as of a disease; perfection; climax. [Gr. 
akme, point.] 

ACOLYTE (ak'o-lit), n. 1. Eccl. Assistant at 
the altar. 2. Novice. [Gr. akolouthos, follower.] 

ACONITE (ak'o-nit), n. Poison- 
ous plant, wolf's bane or monk's 
hood; poison from it. [L. aco- 
nitum — Gr. akoniton.] 

ACORN (a'karn), n. Seed or 
fruit of the oak. [A. S. wcer, a 
field. See ACRE.] 

ACOTYLEDON (a-kot-i-le'don), 
n. Bot. Plant whose seed has 
no cotyledons or seed-lobes. 
[See COTYLEDON.] 

ACOULATION (ak-o-la'shun), n. 
Act or process of using the 
acouphone. 

ACOUPHONE (a-ko'fon), n. A telephonic mi- 
crophone used for reproducing and intensify- 
ing sound at a distance. [Gr. akouo, hear, 
and phone, sound.] 




Aconite (Aco- 
nitum napellus). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA, in Scotch loch. 



ACOUSTIC 



11 



ACT 



ACOUSTIC (a-ko'stik or a-kow'-stik), a. 1. 
Pertaining to the sense of hearing or to the 
theory of sounds. 2. Pertaining to sound. 
3. [Designed to facilitate hearing. [Gr. 
akoustikos, akouo, hear.] 
ACOUSTICON (a-ko'sti-kon), n. Electrical 
device designed as an aid to hearing, for use 
of persons partially deaf. 
ACOUSTICS (a-ko'stiks or a-kow'stiks), n. 
Science of the phenomena and laws of sound. 
ACQUAINT (ak-kwanf), vt. 1. Cause one to 
know. 2. Make (one's self) familiar. [L. 
ad, to, co- (cum), with, and gnosco, know.] 
ACQUAINTANCE (ak-kwan'tans), n. 1. Fa- 
miliar knowledge. 2. Reciprocal knowledge. 
3. Person or persons with whom one is ac-s 
quainted; person slightly known to one. 

SYN. Familiarity ; intimacy ; friendship; 
fellowship: companionship; experience; 
comrade; companion; friend; associate. 
ANT. Unfamiliarity; inexperience; igno- 
rance; alienation; estrangement. 
ACQUAINTANCESHIP (ak-kwant'ans-ship), n. 

State of being acquainted. 
ACQUIESCE (ak-kwi-es'), vt. [pr.p. ACQUIES'- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. ACQUIESCED (ak-kwi- 
est').] Assent to; accept tacitly or formally. 
[L. ad, to, and quies, rest.] 
SYN. See AGREE. 
ACQUIESCENCE (ak-kwi-es'ens), n. Act or 

state of acquiescing; passive compliance. 
ACQUIESCENT (ak-kwi-es'ent), a. Quietly sub- 
missive; compliant; acquiescing. 
ACQUIRABLE (ak-kwir'a-bl), a. Capable of 

being acquired; attainable. 
ACQUIRE (ak-kwir), vt. [pr.p. ACQUIRING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACQUIRED (ak-kwird').] Ob- 
tain, especially by exertion; gain. [L. acquiro; 
from ad, to, and qucero, seek.] 

SYN. Earn; attain; obtain; get; win. 
ANT. Lose; miss; forego. 
ACQUIREMENT ( ak-kwir 'ment), n. 1. Act of 
acquiring. 2. That which is acquired, espe- 
cially a power, physical or mental. 
ACQUISITION (ak-kwi-zish'un), n. 1. Act of 
acquiring. 2. That which is acquired; at- 
tainment; procuration; obtainment. 
ACQUISITIVE (ak-kwiz'i-tiv), a. Desirous of 

acquiring. [L. ad, to, and quwro, seek.] 
ACQUISITIVELY (ak-kwiz'i-tiv-li), adv. In an 

acquisitive manner. 
ACQUISITIVENESS (ak-kwiz'i-tiv-nes), n. 

Propensity to acquire. 
ACQUIT (ak-kwit), vt. [pr.p. ACQUITTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACQUIT'TED.] 1. Pronounce 
one innocent of a crime, sin, or fault. 2. 
Set free from obligation. 3. Discharge the 
trust imposed in one; perform one's part. 
[L. ad, to, and quieto, settle.] 

SYN. Pardon; clear; absolve; exonerate; 
vindicate. ANT. Convict; impeach; im- 
plicate; condemn. 
ACQUITTAL (ak-kwit'al), n. 1. Act of acquit- 



ting. 2. State of being acquitted. 3. Per- 
formance. 

ACQUITTANCE (ak-kwit'ans), n. Release or 
discharge; receipt in full. 

ACRE (a'ker), n. Tract of land containing 160 
square rods or perches, or 4,840 square yards. 
It formerly signified any field, whatever its 
superficial area. [A. S. mcer, field.] 

ACREAGE (a'ker-aj), n. Area in acres; quan- 
tity of land. 

ACRID (ak'rid), a. Biting to the taste; pungent; 
bitter. [L. acer, acris, sharp.] 

ACRIDITY (a-krid'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
acrid; acridness. 

ACRIDLY (ak'rid-li), adv. In an acrid manner. 

ACRIDNESS (ak'rid-nes), n. Acridity. 

ACRIMONIOUS (ak-ri-mo'ni-us), a. Sharp; 
bitter; sarcastic. 

ACRIMONIOUSLY (ak-ri-m6'ni-us-li), adv. In 
an acrimonious manner. 

ACRIMONIOUSNESS (ak-ri-mo'ni-us-nes), w. 
Acrimony. 

ACRIMONY (ak'ri-mo-ni), n. [pi. ACRIMO- 
NIES.] Bitterness of feeling or language. [L. 
acrimonia, pungency; from acer, sharp.] 

SYN. Acerbity; asperity; tartness; vir- 
ulence. ANT. Gentleness; kindness; cour- 
tesy; politeness; suavity. 

ACRISIUS (a-kris'i-us), n. Greek Myth. King of 
Argos and father of Dana?, 

ACRO-, prefix. Situation or occurrence at the 
top. [Gr. akros, topmost, tip.] 

ACROBAT (ak'ro-bat), n. Rope dancer; trapeze- 
performer; tumbler; vaulter. [Gr. akrooatos, 
walking on tiptoe.] 

ACROBATIC (ak-ro-bat'ik), a. Of or pertaining 
to an acrobat or his performances. 

ACROBATICALLY (ak-ro-bat'ik-al-i), adv. 
After the manner of an acrobat. 

ACROGEN (ak'ro-jen), n. Bot. Plant that 
grows at the apex only. [Gr. akros, topmost, 
and gennao, produce.] 

ACRONYCH (a-kron'ik), ACRONYCHAL (a- 
kron'ik-kal), a. Astron. Rising at sunset and 
setting at sunrise. [Gr. akronychos, at night- 
fall; from ofcros, tip, and nyx, night.] 

ACROPOLIS (a-kropo-lis), n. Citadel, espe- 
cially of Athens. [Gr. akropolis, from akros, 
the highest, and polls, city.] 

ACROSS (a-kras'), I. prep. Crosswise of; from 
side to side of. II. adv. Crosswise; from 
one side to the other. [A- and CROSS.] 

ACROSTIC (a-kros'tik), I. n. Composition in 
verse in which the first or last or certain other 
letters of the lines, taken in order, form a 
name or sentence. II. a. Pertaining to or con- 
taining an acrostic. [Gr. akros, extreme, 
and stichos, line.] 
ACROTISM (akro-tizm), n. Med. Absence or 
defect of pulse. [Gr. a priv. and krotos, 
stroke.] 
ACT (akt), v. [pr.p. ACTING; p.t. and p.p. 
ACTED.] l.vt. Do; perform; feign; imitate or 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



J 



> 



ACT 

play the part of. II. vi. 1. Exert force or 
Influence; produce an effect; behave; do; 
perform on the stage. 2. Serve in the place 
of another. [L. ago, actum, put in motion — 
Sans, aj, drive.] 

ACT (akt), n. 1. Something doing or done; 
exploit. 2. Law or decree. 3. Section of a 
play. 

ACTABLE (ak'ta-bl), a. Capable of being acted. 

ACT.EON (ak-te'on),n. GreekMyth. Afamous 
Greek hunter, changed into a stag for watch- 
ing Diana bathing; he was devoured by his 
own dogs; son of Aristaeus. 

ACTINAL (ak'ti-nal), n. Zool. Pertaining to 
the side of a radiate animal which contains 
the mouth. 

ACTING (ak'ting), n. Act of performing a part, 
assumed or dramatic; action. 

ACTINIA (ak-tin'i-a), n. Zool. Animal flower; 
sea-anemone. [Gr. aktis and aktinos, ray.] 

ACTINIC (ak-tin'ik), a. Effecting chemical 
changes by radiant energy. 

ACTINIS3I (ak'tin-izm), w. Chemical force of 
the sun's ray of light. 

ACTINIUM (ak-tin'i-um), n. Radio-active ele- 
ment recently discovered in the ore of the 
oxide of uranium. 

ACTION (ak'shun), n. 1. State or process of 
acting. 2. Thing done; deed. 3. Battle. 4. 
Lawsuit. 

ACTIONABLE (ak'shun-a-bl), a. Liable to or 
affording cause for a lawsuit. 

ACTIVE (ak'tiv), a. 1. That acts; energetic; 
busy; operative. 2. In gram, (a) Transitive. 
(b) Denoting the subject as acting. 

SYN. Brisk; alert; agile; nimble; 
sprightly; prompt; quick; energetic; 
vigorous; lively; busy; diligent. ANT. 
Slow; inactive; indolent; sluggish. 

ACTIVELY (ak'tiv-li), adv. In an active manner 

ACTIVENESS (ak'tiv-nes), n. State or quality 
of being active; activity. 

ACTIVITY (ak-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. ACTIVITIES.] 
Vigorous operation; action. 

ACTOR (ak'tur), n. [fern. ACTRESS (ak'tres).] 
1. One who acts. 2. Stage player. 

ACTUAL (ak'tu-al). I. a. Real; existing in 
fact and now, as opposed to an imaginary or 
past state of things. II. n. Something 
actual or real. 

ACTUALITY (ak-tu-al'i-ti), n. [pi. ACTUALI- 
TIES.] State or quality of being actual. 

ACTUALLY (ak'tu-al-i), adv. As a present 
fact; in fact. 

ACTUALNESS (ak'tu-al-nes), n. State of be- 
ing actual. 

ACTUARY (ak'tu-a-ii), n. [pi. ACTUARIES.] 
1. Registrar or clerk. 2. Statistician of an 
insurance company. [L. actuarius, a clerk.] 

ACTUATE (ak'tu-at), v. [pr.p. ACTUATING; 
p.t. and p.p. ACTUATED.] I. vt. Put into 
or incite to action; influence. II. vi. Act. 
SYN. Move; impel; instigate; induce; 



ADAPTABLENESS 

prompt; persuade; influence; animate; In- 
cite; stir; urge. ANT. Deter; discourage; 
retard; hinder; impede; prevent; dissuade. 

ACULEATE (a-ku'le-at), a. 1. Bot. Fur- 
nished with prickles, as a rose-stem. 2. 
Zool. Having a sting. [L. aculeus, sting.] 

ACUMEN (a-ku'men), n. Acuteness of mind; 
quickness of perception; penetration; discern- 
ment; discrimination. [L. actio, sharpen.] 

ACUMINATE (a-ku'mi-nat), ACUMINATED 
(a-ku'mi-na-ted), a. Tapering gradually to 
the tip; taper-pointed. [L. acuminatus, p.p. 
of acumino, sharpen.] 

ACUPRESSURE (ak'u-presh-ur), n. Surg. 
Method of stopping hemorrhage from severed 
arteries, by the insertion of a needle into the 
flesh so as to close the artery by pressure. 
[L. acus, needle, and PRESSURE.] 

ACUPUNCTURE (ak'u-pungk-chur), n. A 
pricking of portions of the body with a needle 
for remedial purposes. [L. acus, needle, and 
punctura, a pricking.] 

ACUTE (a-kuf), a. 1. Sharp-pointed. 2. 
Sharp; keen; shrill; penetrating. — Acute angle, 
less than a right angle. — Acute disease, vio- 
lent and rapid disease, as opposed to chronic. 
[L. acutus, p.p. of acuo, sharpen.] 

SYN. Piercing; pointed; sharp; shrewd. 
ANT. Dull; blunt; obtuse. 

ACUTELY (a-kut'li), adv. In an acute manner. 

ACUTENESS (a-kut'nes), n. Quality of being 
acute; craftiness; sharpness; sagacity. 

-ACY, suffix. State or quality of, as fallacy, 
advocacy. [L. -acia, -atio.] 

AD-, prefix. To, as adhere, adapt. The d be- 
comes assimilated to the consonant following, 
as in accede, a/fix, aggregate, allot, annex, 
approve, arrive, assign, attract. [L. ad, to.] 

ADAGE (ad'aj), n. Old saying; proverb. [L. 
adagium — ad, to, and aio, say.] 

SYN. Axiom; saw; aphorism; maxim. 

ADAGIO (a-da'jd), I. a. Music. Slow. II. ad** 
Slowly and with grace. III. n. Slow move- 
ment. [It.] 

ADAGISSIMO (a-da-jis'se-mo), a. and adv. 
Music. As slow as possible. [It.] 

ADAMANT (ad'a-mant), n. Supposed impene- 
trable or unbreakable mineral or metal. [Gr. 
a priv. and damao, break.] 

AD AM ANTE AN (ad-a-man-te'an), a. Adaman- 
tine; hard as adamant. 

ADAMANTINE (ad-a-man'tin), a. Made of or 
like adamant; adamantean. 

ADAPT (a-dapf), vt. [pr.p. ADAPT'ING; pd. 
and p.p. ADAPT'ED.] Make apt or fit; ad- 
just; accommodate. [L. ad, to, and apto, fit.] 

ADAPTABILITY (a-dap-ta-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
ADAPTABILITIES.] Quality of being adap- 
table or capable of adaptation. 

ADAPTABLE (a-dap'ta-bl), a. Capable of being 
adapted; adjustable; applicable. 

ADAPTABLENESS (a-dap'ta-bl-nes), n. Adap- 
tability; suitableness. 



fate, f:it, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. 



ADAPTATION 



13 



ADHESIVELY 




Adder ( Pelius berus) . 



ADAPTATION (a-dap-ta'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of adapting. 2. State of being 
adapted. 3. Thing adapted. 

ADAPTER (a-dap'ter), n. 1. One who or that 
which adapts. 2. Phot. Device for using 
smaller plates in a camera intended for a 
certain size only. 

ADD (ad), v. [pr.p. AD'DING; p.t. and p.p. AD'- 
DED,] I. vt. Set or put together; join, as 
one thing" to another; sum up. II. vi. Unite 
two or more numbers in one sum. [L. addo 
— ad, to, and do, give.] 

SYN. Join; adjoin; attach; affix; annex; 
append; augment; enlarge; increase; ex- 
tend; subjoin. ANT. Subtract; deduct; 
diminish; reduce; lessen; shorten. 

ADDABLE (ad'a-bl), a. Capable of being added. 

ADDENDUM (ad-den'dum), n. [pi. ADDENDA.] 
Something added; appendix. [L. See ADD.] 

ADDER (ad'er), n. 1. One who adds. 2. 
Machine for performing arithmetical addition. 

ADDER (ad'- 
er), n. 1. 
European 
spotted viper 
2. Name ap- 
plied to vari- 
ous serpents. 
[A. S. ncedre, 
an adder.] 

ADDIBLE (ad'i-bl), a. Same as ADDABLE. 

ADDICT (ad-dikt), vt. [pr.p. ADDICTING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADDICT'ED.] Give up to; practice 
habitually. [L. ad, to, and dico, declare.] 

ADDICTEDNESS (ad-dikt'ed-nes), n. State of 
being addicted. 

ADDICTION (ad-dik'shun), n. Addictedness; 
inclination; bent. 

ADDITION (ad-dish'un), n. Act of adding; 
thing added; branch of arithmetic that treats 
of adding numbers together. 

SYN. Adding; annexation; accession; 
Increase; augmentation; enlargement; ex- 
tension; appendage; adjunct; increment. 
ANT. Abatement; curtailment; deduction; 
diminution; reduction; subtraction. 

ADDITIONAL (ad-dish'un-al), a. Being in the 
nature of an addition. 

ADDLE (ad'l), a. 1. Rendered putrid, by having 
been deprived of vitality, as an egg; spoiled; 
putrid; rotten. 2. Confused; muddled. 
[Originally a noun, from A. S. adela, mud.] 

ADDLE (ad'l), v. [pr.p. AD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. 
ADDLED (ad'ld).] I. vt. Cause to spoil; 
muddle; confuse. II. vi. Become spoiled. 

ADDRESS (ad-dres'). vt. [pr.p. ADDRESS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ADDRESSED (ad-drest').] 1. 
Direct, as a letter. 2. Speak or write to. 3. 
Discourse. 4. Apply (one's self). 5. Court. 
[Fr. adresser. See DRESS, DIRECT.] 

ADDRESS (ad-dres'), n. 1. Formal communica- 
tion in writing. 2. Speech. 3. Dexterity; 
tact. 4. One's name and place of residence, 



etc. 5. Bearing; manners. 6. [pi.] Atten- 
tions of a lover. 

SYN. Petition; discourse; harangue; 
oration; lecture; sermon; adroitness; skill; 
expertness; direction; superscription; de- 
meanor; deportment. ANT. Awkwardness; 
unmannerliness ; boorishness. 

ADDUCE (ad-dus'), vt. [pr.p. ADDU'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADDUCED (ad-dust').] Bring for- 
ward by way of proof, cite. [L. ad, to, and 
duco, lead or bring.] 

ADDUCEABLE (ad-du'si-bl), a. Adducible. 

ADDUCENT (ad-du'sent), a. Drawing or bind- 
ing together; as, adducent muscles. 

ADDUCIBLE (ad-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
adduced. 

ADDUCT (ad-dukf), vt. [pr.p. ADDUCT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ADDUCT'ED.] Draw toward a 
center or axis, as a muscle. [From L. adduc 
tus, p.p. of adduco, bring to.] 

ADDUCTION (ad-duk'shun), n. Act of adduc- 
ing or bringing forward. 

ADDUCTIVE (ad-dukt'iv), a. 1. Adducing. 2. 
Tending to adduct. 

-ADE, suffix. Pertaining to. Usually implies 
continued action, as cannonade [Fr. -ade; 
from L. -as, -ad.] 

ADELPHOUS (a-del'fus), a. Bot. Having 
stamens with clustered or coherent filaments. 
[Gr. adelphos, brother.] 

ADENOID (ad'en-oid), a. Like, or pertaining 
to, a gland. [Gr. aden, gland.] 

ADENOLOGY (ad-en-ol'o-ji), n. Department of 
physiology that treats of glands. 

ADEPT (a-dept), I. a. Well skilled; proficient. 
II. n. One fully skilled; expert. [L. adeptus, 
having attained.] 

ADEQUACY (ad'e-kwa-si), n. State or quality 
of being adequate. 

ADEQUATE (ad'e-kwat), a. Equal to the re- 
quirement; fully sufficient. [L. ad&quatus, 
p.p. of adaiquo, make equal.] 

SYN. Commensurate; sufficient. ANT. 
Inadequate; insufficient. 

ADEQUATELY (ad'e-kwat-li), adv. In an 
adequate manner. 

ADEQUATENESS (ad'e-kwat-nes), n. State or 
quality of being adequate. 

ADHERE (ad-her), vi. [pr.p. ADHER'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADHERED (ad-herd).] 1. Stick fast 
or together; remain attached; cling. 2. 
Remain fixed; be devoted, as to a party or 
cause. [L. ad, to, and liwreo, stick.] 

ADHERENCE (ad-her'ens), n. Act or state of 
adhering. 

ADHERENT (ad-her'ent), I. a. Sticking fast. 
II. n. One who adheres; follower; partisan. 

ADHESION (ad-he'zhun), n. Act of adhering; 
tendency to remain attached. [See ADHERE.] 

ADHESIVE (ad-he'siv), a. 1. Adhering; sticky; 
clinging. 2. Having a tendency to adhere. 

ADHESIVELY (ad-he'siv-li), adv. In an ad- 
hesive manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



» 



ADHESIVENESS 



14 



ADMINISTER 



ADHESIVENESS (ad-he siv-nes), n. Quality of 

being adhesive. 
ADIEU (a-du), I. n. [pi. ADIEUS or ADIEUX 

(a-duz').] Act of taking leave; word of fare- 
well. II. inter j. Goodby; farewell. [Fr., from, 
a, to, and dieu, God. 

ADIPOCERE (ad-i-po-seV), n. Soft, wax-like 
substance, into which animal matter, under 
peculiar circumstances, is converted. [L. 
adeps, fat, and cera, wax.] 

ADIPOSE (ad'i-poz), I. a. Fatty. II. n. Fat. 
[L. adeps, fat.] 

ADIRONDACKS (ad-i-rondaks), n. pi. Group 
of mountains in N. E. New York. 

ADIT (ad'it), n. 1. Entrance or approach to a 
mine, especially on the level. 2. Any passage 
or entrance. [L. aditus, entrance; from adeo, 
go to.] 

ADJACENCY (ad-ja'sen-si), n. [pi. ADJACEN- 
CIES.] 1. State of lying near to. 2. Some- 
thing lying near. 

ADJACENT (ad-ja'sent), a. Lying near to; con- 
tiguous; adjoining. [L. ad, near, and jaceo, 
lie.] 

SYN. Bordering; neighboring; proxi- 
mate. ANT. Detached; separate. 

ADJACENTLY (ad-ja'sent-li), adv. Adjoiningly. 

ADJECTIVAL (ad'jek-tiv-al), a. Of the nature 
of or pertaining to an adjective. 

ADJECTIVE (ad'jek-tiv), I. n. Gram. Word 
used to limit, qualify or define a noun. II. a. 
Adjunctive to a noun. [L. ad, to, and jaclo, 
throw.] 

ADJECTIVELY (ad'jek-tiv-li), adv. In the 
manner of an adjective. 

ADJOIN (ad-join), v. [pr.p. ADJOIN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADJOINED (ad-joind').] I. vt. Lie 
next to; join. II. vi. Be contiguous. [L. ad, 
to, and jungo, join.] 

ADJOINING (ad-joining), a. Adjacent; neigh- 
boring; next. 

ADJOURN (ad-jurn), v. [pr.p. ADJOURNING; 
p.t. and p.p. ADJOURNED (ad-jtirnd').] L vt. 
Put off. II. vi. Close a meeting, session, busi- 
ness, etc. [L. ad, to, and diurnus, daily.] 

SYN. Postpone; prorogue. ANT. As- 
semble; finish; complete; terminate. 

ADJOURNMENT (ad-jurn'ment), n. 1. Act of 
adjourning. 2. Period between two sessions. 

ADJUDGE (ad-juj), v. [pr.p. ADJUDGING; 
p.t. and p.p. ADJUDGED (ad-jujd).] I. vt. 
Determine or award; arrive at or announce 
a judicial decision. II. vi. Decide; settle. 
[L. ad, to, and judico, judge.] 
SYN. Award; allot; apportion. 

ADJUDICATE (ad-jo-'di-kat), v. [pr.p. ADJU- 
DICATING; p.t. and p.p. ADJU'DICATED.] 
I. vt. Try and decide; adjudge. II. vi. 1. Sit 
in judgment. 2. Come to a judicial decision. 
[See ADJUDGE.] 

ADJUDICATION (ad-jo-di-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
or process of adjudicating. 2. Judicial de- 
cision. 3. Decree in bankruptcy. 



fit; settle; 
Confuse; 

Capable of 



ADJUNCT (ad-jungkf). I. a. Joined or added 
to subordinately. II. n. Something united 
to another, but not essentially a part of it; 
assistant. [L. ad, and jungo, join.] 

ADJUNCTION (ad-jungk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
joining. 2. Thing joined. 

ADJUNCTIVE (ad-jungk'tiv), a. Forming or 
contributing to form an adjunct. 

ADJUNCTIVELY (ad-jungk'tiv-li), adv. In 
a subordinate manner. 

ADJUNCTLY (ad-jungkt'li), adv. In the man- 
ner of an adjunct. 

ADJURATION (ad-jo-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
adjuring. 2. Charge or oath used in ad- 
juring. 

ADJURE (ad-jor), vt. [pr.p. ADJUR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADJURED (ad-jord').] Charge on 
oath, solemnly. [L. ad, to, and juro, swear.] 

ADJUST (ad-just), vt. [pr.p. ADJUSTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ADJUST'ED.] Arrange prop- 
erly; regulate; settle. [L. ad, to, and jus, 
right.] 

SYN. Rectify; adapt; suit; 
regulate; rectify; true. ANT. 
disarrange. 

ADJUSTABLE (ad-justa-bl), a. 
being adjusted. 

ADJUSTER (ad-just'er), n. One who or that 
which adjusts. 

ADJUSTMENT (ad-just'ment), n. 1. Act, 
process or result of adjusting. 2. Law. The 
settlement of a claim. 3. Any device for 
adjusting. 

ADJUTANCY (ad'jo-tan-si), 
of an adjutant. 

ADJUTANT (ad'jo-tant), n. 
1. 3Iilitary officer whose 
duty it is to assist the 
commanding officer. 2. 
East Indian stork or crane, 
5 to 6 feet high. [L. ad- 
jutans, pr.p. of adjuto, 
assist.] 

ADJUVANT (ad'jo-vant), I. 
c. Helping. II. n. Med. 
Ingredient added to the 
principal one prescribed 
to increase its efficiency. 
[L. adjuvans, pr.p. of ad- 
juvo; ad, to, and juvo, 
help.] 

AD LIBITUM (ad libi-tum). 
Music. As you please. [L.] 

ADMEASURE (ad-mezh'or) vt. [pr.p. AD- 
MEASURING; p.t. and p.p. ADMEASURED 
(ad-mezh'ord).] Apportion. 

ADMEASUREMENT (ad-mezh'or-ment), n. 1. 
Measurement; mensuration. 2. Size; dimen- 
sions. 

ADMETUS (ad-me'tus), n. Greek Myth. A king 
of Thessaly, redeemed from death by the sac- 
rifice of his wife, Alcestis. 

ADMINISTER (ad-min'is-tgr), v. [pr.p. AD- 



Office or rank 




Adjutant (Ci- 
conia argala). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1&h=ch in Scotch loch. 



ADMINISTERIAL 



15 



ADO 



MIN'ISTERING; p.t. and p.p. ADMINIS- 
TERED (ad-min'is-terd).] I. vt. 1. Manage, 
conduct. 2. Dispense, as justice, the sacra- 
ments, etc. 3. Tender, as an oath. 4. Give, 
as medicine; supply; inflict. 5. Grant; be- 
stow; afford. 6. Law. Settle, as the estate of 
deceased person. II. vi. 1. Contribute; bring 
aid. 2. Act as administrator. [Fr. admin- 
istrer. See MINISTER.] 

SYN. Manage; superintend; direct; con- 
trol; execute; discharge; contribute; dis- 
pense; supply; furnish; serve; award. ANT. 
Mismanage; misconduct. 

ADMINISTERIAL (ad-min-is-te'ri-al), a. Re- 
lating to administration. 

ADMINISTRARLE (ad-min'is-tra-bl), a. Cap- 
able of being administered. 

ADMINISTRANT (ad-min'is-trant), I. a. Man- 
aging; executive. II. n. One who manages 
affairs. 

ADMINISTRATE (ad-min'is-trat), vt. and vi. 
[pr.p. ADMINISTRATING; p.t. and p.p. 
ADMINISTRATED.] Administer. 

ADMINISTRATION (ad-min-is-tra'shun), n. 1. 
Act of administering. 2. State of being ad- 
ministered. 3. Administrators taken collect- 
ively, as the executive members of a govern- 
ment; the president and his cabinet. 4. 
Official tenure of such administrators. 

ADMINISTRATIVE (ad-min'is-tra-tiv), a. Per- 
taining to or characterized by administration. 

ADMINISTRATOR (ad-min-is-tra'tur), n. [fern. 
ADMINISTRATRIX.] 1. One who admin- 
isters. 2. One appointed by a court to ad- 
minister the estate of a deceased person. 

ADMINISTRATORSHIP (ad-min-is-tra'tur- 

ship), n. Office of an administrator, or his 
term of service. 

ADMINISTRATRIX (ad-min-is-tra'triks), n. 
[pi. ADMINISTRATRICES.] Female ad- 

ministrator. 

ADMIRAELE (ad'mi-ra-bl), a. Worthy of be- 
ing admired. [See ADMIRE.] 

ADMIRARLENESS (ad'mi-ra-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being admirable. 

ADMIRAELY (ad'mi-ra-bli), adv. In an ad- 
mirable manner. 

ADMIRAL (ad'mi-ral), n. Naval officer of the 
highest rank. [Fr. amiral, from Ar. amir 
(ameer), a chief.] 

ADMIRALSHIP (ad'mi-ral-ship), n. Office or 
position of an admiral. 

ADMIRALTY (ad'mi-ral-ti), n. 1. Department 
of the British government having supreme 
charge of naval affairs, or the members of 
such department collectively. 2. [a-] Branch 
of the judiciary having cognizance of mari- 
time cases. 3. [a-] Office or functions of 
an admiral. 

►MIRATION (ad-mi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
admiring. 2. Wonder coupled with appro- 
bation. 
►MIRE (ad-mir'), v. [pr.p. ADMIRING; 



p.t. and p.p. ADMIRED (ad-mird ).] I. vt* 
Regard with esteem and approval. II. vi. 
Wonder. [L. ad, at, and miror, wonder.] 
SYN. Esteem; approve; appreciate; ex- 
tol; commend; respect; praise; love. ANT. 
Abhor; execrate; abominate; contemn; 
despise; dislike; decry; censure. 

ADMIRER (ad-mir'er), n. One who admires. 

ADMIRINGLY (ad-mir'ing-li), adv. In a man- 
ner showing admiration. 

ADMISSIBILITY (ad-mis-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being admissible. 

ADMISSIBLE (ad-mis'i-bl), a. That may be 
admitted or allowed. 

ADMISSIBLENESS (ad-mis'i-bl-nes), n. Ad- 
missibility. 

ADMISSIBLY (ad-mis'i-bli), a. In a manner 
to be admissible. 

ADMISSION (ad-mish'un), n. Act of admitting; 
state of being admitted; price paid for entrance; 
leave to enter; concession in an argument; 
acknowledgment. [See ADMIT.] 

ADMIT (ad-mit), v. [pr.p. ADMIT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADMIT 'TED.] I. it. 1. Permit to enter. 
2. Accept as valid or true; concede. II. vi. 
1. Be susceptible (of). 2. Give entrance. 
[L. ad, to, and mitto, send.] 

ADMITTANCE (ad-mit'ans), n. 1. Act of ad- 
mitting. 2. Entrance. 

SYN. Access; admission. ANT. Ex- 
clusion; debarment. 

ADMIX (ad-miks), vt. [pr.p. ADMIXING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADMIXED (ad-mikst').] Mix or 
mingle with. 

ADMIXTURE (ad-miks'tur), n. 1. Act of 
mixing. 2. State of being mixed. 3. That 
which is mixed. 4. Something added to 
the chief ingredient. [L. ad, to, and misceo, 
mix.] 

ADMONISH (ad-mon'ish), vt. [pr.p. ADMON'- 
ISHING; p.t. and p.p. ADMONISHED (ad- 
mon'isht).] Warn; reprove mildly; exhort. 
[L. ad, to, and moneo, remind.] 

SYN. Caution; counsel; advise; warn; 
forewarn. ANT. Countenance; encour- 
age; instigate; indorse; laud; sanction. 

ADMONISHER (ad-mon'ish-er), n. One who 
admonishes. 

ADMONITION (ad-md-nish'un), n. Kind re- 
proof; counsel; advice. 

AD3IONITORY (ad-mon'i-to-ri), a. Serving to 
warn; containing admonition. 

ADMONITORILY (ad-moni-to-ri-li), adv. 
Warningly. 

ADNASCENT (ad-nas'ent), a. Growing or 
adhering to something. [L. adnascens, pr.p. 
of adnascor, grow to or on; ad, to, and nascor, 
be born.] 

ADNATE (ad-naf), a. Attached by growth; 
grown together. [L. adnatus, p.p. of ad- 
nascor. See ADNASCENT.] 

ADO (a-do'), n. Fuss; bustle. [M. E. at, and 
do.] 



fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



> 



ADOBE 



16 



ADULTEROUSLY 



ADOBE (a-do'ba), n. Sun-dried brick. [Sp.] 

ADOLESCENCE (ad-6-les'ens), n. Period of 
youth, between childhood and manhood. 

ADOLESCENCY (ad-6-les'en-si), n. State of 
growing youth; youthfulness. 

ADOLESCENT (ad-6-les'ent), I. a. Growing 
to manhood or womanhood. II. n. One 
growing to manhood or womanhood. [L. 
ad, to, and olesco, grow.] 

ADONIS (a-do'nis), n. Greek Myth. The beau- 
tiful attendant of Yenus, who held her train ; 
killed by a boar, and turned by Venus into an 
anemone; also said that his blood, merely 
stained the flower. 

ADOPT (a-dopt), vt. [pr.p. ADOPT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADOPT 'ED.] Receive or assume as 
one's own what is another's, as a child, an 
opinion, etc. [L. ad, to, and opto, choose.] 

ADOPTER (a-dopt'er), n. One who or that 
which adopts. 

ADOPTION (a-dop'shun), n. 1. Act of adopt- 
ing, or state of being adopted. 2. Admission; 
reception. 3. Acceptance. 

ADOPTIVE (a-dop'tiv), a. 1. Tending to 
adopt, or suitable for adoption. 2. Adopted. 

ADORABLE (a-dor'a-bl), a. Worthy of divine 
honors. 2. Worthy of the utmost love and 
respect. 

ADORABLENESS (a-dor'a-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being adorable. 

ADORABLY (a-dor'a-bli), adv. In an ador- 
able manner. 

ADORATION (ad-o-ra'shum), n. 1. Act of 
adoring or worshiping. 2. Profound venera- 
tion; deep love; homage. 

ADORE (a-dor'),v. [pr.p.'ADOR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ADORED (a-ddrd').] I. vt. 1. Worship 
with profound reverence. 2. Love or regard 
in the highest degree. II. vi. Offer adora- 
tion. [L. ad, to, and oro, speak, pray.] 

ADORER (a-dor'er), n. One who adores; 

lover; worshiper. 

ADORINGLY (a-dor'ing-li), adv. With pro- 
found reverence. 

ADORN (a-darn'), vt. [pr.p. ADORNING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADORNED (a-darnd').] Decorate; 
embellish; beautify; set off. [L. ad, to, and 
orno, decorate.] 

SYN. Beautify; decorate; embellish; 
ornament. ANT. Deface; mar; denude; 
deform; disfigure. 

ADORNING (a-darn'lng), I. a. Decorative. 
II. n. Adornment. 

ADORNINGLY (a-darn'ing-li), adv. In an 
adorning manner. 

ADORNMENT (a-darn'ment), n. 1. Act of 

adorning. 2. Ornament. 

ADOSCULATION (ad-os-ku-la'shun), n. 1. 
Bot. Fertilization of plants by the falling of 
the pollen upon them. 2. Biol. Fecunda- 
tion of ova by external contact only. [L. 
ad, to, and osculor, kiss.] 

ADOWN (a-down'), prep, and adv. Towards 



the ground; down; downward, in space or 
time. 

ADRASTEIA (ad-ras-ti'a), n. Greek Myth. A 
Cretan nymph to whom the care of Zeus was 
entrusted during his infancy. 

ADRASTTJS (a-dras'tus), n. Greek Myth. King 
of Argos and chief of the famed expedition of 
"The Seven against Thebes." 

ADRENAL (ad-re'nal), n. Anat. One of two 
small ductless glandular bodies over the 
kidneys. [L. ad, to, and renes, kidneys.] 

ADRENALIN (ad-re'nal-in), n. Active prin- 
ciple of the adrenals, used in surgery to drive 
away the blood from parts being operated 
upon. It is a powerful heart stimulant. 

ADRIATIC (a-dri-at'ik) SEA. Part of Med- 
iterranean sea, E. of Italy. 450 m. long, 100 
m. wide. 

ADRIFT (a-drift), adv. Floating at random; 
moving as if driven by the wind. [A.S. pref. 
a, on, and drift.] 

ADROIT (a-droif), a. Expert with the hands; 
dexterous; skillful; ingenious. [Fr. a, to, 
and droit, right.] 

ADROITLY (a-droit'li), adv. In an adroit 
manner. 

ADROITNESS (a-droit'nes), n. Quality of being 
adroit; dexterity; skillfulness. 

ADSCITITIOUS (ad-si-tish'us), a. Additional; 
supplemental; not essential. [L. adscitus, 
p.p. of adscisco, appropriate.] 

ADULATE (ad'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. AD'ULATING; 
p.t. and p.p. AD'ULATED.] Fawn upon; 
flatter. [L. adulor, fawn.] 

ADULATION (ad-u-la'shun), n. Flattery; fawn- 
ing; praise beyond what is merited. 

ADULATORY (ad'u-la-to-ri), a. Exhibiting 
adulation; servilely praising. 

ADULT (a-dulf), I. a. Grown up; mature. 
II. n. Grown up person. [L. adultus, p.p. 
of adolesco, grow up. 

ADULTERANT (a-dul'ter-ant), I. a. Adulterat- 
ing. II. n. Substance that adulterates. 

ADULTERATE (a-dul'ter-at), vt. [pr.p. ADUL'- 
TERATING; p.t. and p.p. ADULTERATED.] 
Make impure; lower in quality by intermix- 
ing. [L. adulteratus, p.p. of adultero; from 
ad, to, and alter, other.] 

ADULTERATE (a-dul'ter-at), c. Corrupted 

or debased by the admixture of a less valu- 
able substance. 

ADULTERATION (a-dul-ter-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of adulterating. 2. Adulterated sub- 
stance or condition. 

ADULTERER (a-dul'ter-er), n. [fern. ADUL'- 
TERESS.] Man guilty of adultery. 

ADULTERINE (a-dul'ter-en), a. 1. Pertaining 
to or resulting from adultery. 2. Spurious; 
adulterated. 3. Illegal. 

ADULTEROUS (a-dul'ter-us), a. Characterized 
by or originating in adultery; spurious; illicit. 

ADULTEROUSLY (a-dul'ter-us-li), adv. In 

an adulterous manner. 



fate, fat, ta'sk, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ADULTERY 



17 



ADVERTENCE 



ADULTERY (a-dul'ter-i), n. [pi. ADUL'- 

TERIES.J 1. Violation of the marriage-bed. 

2. Unfaithfulness to sacred vows. 
ADUMBRANT (ad-um'brant), a. Giving a 

faint shadow or resemblance of. 
ADUMBRATE (ad-um'brat), vt. [pr.p. ADUM'- 

BRATING; p.U and p.p. ADUMBRATED.] 

Give a faint shadow of; exhibit imperfectly; 

foreshadow. [L. ad, near, and umbra, shadow.] 
ADUMBRATION (ad-um-bra'shun), n. 1. Act 

of adumbrating. 2. Slight sketch. 
ADUNCOUS (ad-ung'kus), a. Curved inward; 

hooked. [L. aduncus, hook-shaped.] 
ADUST (a-dusf), adv. In the dust. 
ADUST (a-dusf), a. 1. Hot and dry; scorched. 

2. Brown, as if scorched. 
ADVANCE (ad-vans'), v. [pr.p. ADVAN'CING; 

p.t. and p.p. ADVANCED (ad-vansf).] I. vt. 1. 

Put or move forward. 2. Promote to a higher 

position. 3. Promote the progress of. 4. 

Propose. 5. Supply beforehand; loan. II. 

vi. 1. Make progress; move forward. 2. 

Rise in rank or value, etc. [Fr. avancer — L. 

ab, from, and ante, before.] 

SYN. Proceed; approach; promote; 

elevate; heighten; improve; accelerate; 

further; forward. ANT. Retard; hinder. 
ADVANCE (ad-vans'), n. 1. Progress; improve- 
ment. 2. Promotion. 3. Rise in price. 4. 

Supplying of money or goods beforehand; 

money or goods so supplied. — In advance, 

in front; beforehand. 
ADVANCED ( ad-vanst'), a. 1. Moved forward. 

2. In the front rank as regards progress. 

3. Well up in years. 

ADVANCEMENT ( ad-vans 'ment), n. Prefer- 
ment; improvement; rise in value; prepay- 
ment; money advanced. 

ADVANTAGE (ad-van'taj), n. Any favorable 
state, condition or circumstance; superiority; 
gain; benefit. — Take advantage of, outwit; 
overreach; profit by. [Fr. avantage; from 
avant, before.] 

ADVANTAGE (ad-van'taj), v. [pr.p. ADVAN- 
TAGING; p.t. and p.p. ADVANTAGED (ad- 
van'tajd).] I. vt. Promote the interest of; 
benefit. II. vi. Be advantageous. [Fr. avant, 
before.] 

ADVANTAGEOUS (ad-van-ta'jus), a. Of ad- 
vantage. 

ADVANTAGEOUSLY (ad-van-ta'jus-li), adv. 
Profitably. 

ADVANTAGEOUSNESS (ad-van-ta'jus-nes), n. 
Quality of being advantageous. 

ADVENT (ad'vent), n. 1. The coming of Christ. 
2. First ecclesiastical season. 3. [a-] Any 
arrival or coming, as the advent of winter. [L. 
adventus, arrival ; from ad, to, and venio, come.] 

ADVENTIST (ad'ven-tist), n. One who looks 
for the second coming of Christ in the near 
future. 

ADVENTITIOUS (ad-ven-tish'us), a. Accidental; 
not essential; out of the ordinary. 



AD VENTITIOUSLY (ad-ven-tish'us-li), adv. Ac- 
cidentally. 

ADVENTURE (ad-ven'tur), n. 1. Remarkable 
experience. 2. Hazardous enterprise; daring 
feat. 3. Speculation or risk. [O. Fr. aventure, 
from L. adventura, things about to happen; 
from advenio, arrive; ad, to, and venio, come.] 

ADVENTURE (ad-ven'tur), v. [pr.p. ADVEN- 
TURING; p.t. and p.p. ADVENTURED (ad- 
ven'turd).] I. vt. Commit to the hazard of 
fortune; jeopard; risk. II. vi. Take chances; 
venture. 

ADVENTURER (ad-ven'tur-er), n. [fern. AD- 
VEN'TURESS.] 1. One who seeks adventures. 
2. Speculator. 3. Fortune hunter. 

ADVENTURESOME (ad-ven'tur-sum), a. Ad- 
venturous. 

ADVENTUROUS (ad-ven'tur-us), a. 1. In- 
clined to seek adventures, or take risks. 2. 
Full of risk; hazardous. 

SYN. Adventuresome; speculative. ANT. 
Cautious; unenterprising. 

ADVENTUROUSLY (ad-ven'tur-us-li), adv. In 
an adventurous manner. 

ADVENTUROUSNESS (ad-ven'tur-us-nes), n. 
Quality of being adventurous. 

ADVERB (ad'verb), n. In Grammar, any word 
Qualifying a verb, adjective or other adverb. 
[L. ad, to, and verbum, word.] 

ADVERBIAL (ad-ver'bi-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to, having the character of, or used as an ad- 
verb. 2. Tending to use adverbs. 

ADVERBIALLY (ad-ver'bi-al-i), adv. As an 
adverb ; in an adverbial manner. 

ADVERSARY (ad'ver-sa-ri), n. [pi. ADVER- 
SARIES] 1. One who is actively hostile. 
2. One who shows or feels antagonism. [See 
ADVERSE.] 

SYN. Enemy; foe; rival; competitor. 
ANT. Accomplice; ally; friend. 

ADVERSATIVE (ad-ver'sa-tiv), I. a. Noting 
opposition. II. n. Antithetic word. 

ADVERSE (ad'vers), a. 1. Acting in a con- 
trary direction; opposing; thwarting; unpros- 
perous. 2. Detrimental; inimical. 3. Law. 
Involving denial or refusal. [L. adversus — ad, 
against, and verto, versum, turn.] 

SYN. Antagonistic; conflicting; hostile. 
ANT. Friendly; amicable; auspicious. 

ADVERSELY (ad-vers'li), adv. In an adverse 
manner; inimically; oppositely. 

ADVERSENESS (ad-vers'nes), n. State or 
quality of being adverse. 

ADVERSITY (ad-ver'si-ti), n. Adverse fate 
or condition; affliction; hardship. 

ADVERT (ad-verf), v. [pr.p. ADVERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. ADVERT'ED.] I. vi. Turn the mind 
(to); refer (to). II. vt. Notice; observe. [L. 
averto, turn to.] 

SYN. Refer; mention; hint; suggest. 

ADVERTENCE (ad-ver'tens), ADVERTENCY 
(ad-ver'ten-si), n. 1. Act or habit of advert- 
ing. 2. Attention; heedfulness. 



fate, fat, task, far, 'all, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



ADVERTENT 



18 



AERATE 



ADVERTENT (ad-ver'tent), a. Attentive; heed- 
ful; regardful. 

ADVERTENTLY (ad-ver'tent-li), adv. In an 
attentive manner. 

ADVERTISE (ad'ver-tiz or ad-ver-tiz'), v. [pr.p. 
ADVERTISING; p.t. and p.p. ADVERTISED 
(ad'ver-tizd).] I. vt. 1. Give public notice of. 
2. Inform the public concerning by means of 
newspapers, posters, circulars, etc. II. vi. 
Publish, post or circulate an advertisement. 
[Fr. averter — L. adverto; ad, to, and verto, turn.] 

ADVERTISEMENT (ad-ver'tiz-ment or ad- 
ver-tiz 'ment), n. 1. Public notice. 2. Legal 
notification; notice. 3. Publicity; notoriety. 

ADVERTISER (ad'ver-ti-zer), n. One who, or 
that which, advertises. 

ADVICE (ad-vis), n. 1. Counsel; opinion as 
to conduct. 2. Information; intelligence, 
mostly in the plural. [Fr. avis. See ADVISE.] 

ADVISARILITY (ad-viz-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being advisable. 

ADVISARLENESS (ad-viz'a-bl-nes), n. Ad- 
visability. 

ADVISARLY (ad-viz'a-bli), adv. Expediently. 

ADVISE (ad- viz), v. [pr.p. ADVISING; p.t. and 
p.p. ADVISED (ad-vizd').] I. vt. Counsel; 
give advice to. 2. Communicate notice to. 
II. vi. Consult (with). [Fr. aviser; from L. 
advideo, advise.] 

ADVISED (ad-vizd'), a. Done with advice or 
deliberation. — Ill-advised, imprudent; unfor- 
tunate. — Well-advised, cautious; deliberate. 

ADVISEDLY (ad-vi'zed-li), adv. With fore- 
thought or deliberation. 

ADVISEMENT (ad-viz'ment), n. Considera- 
tion; deliberation; counsel. 

ADVISER (ad-vi'zer), n. One who advises. 

ADVISORY (ad-vi'zur-i), a. 1. Having power 
to advise. 2. Containing advice. 3. Pertain- 
ing to or giving advice. [O. Fr. adviser.] 

ADVOCACY (ad'vo-ka-si), n. Act of pleading 
for; defense; active espousal. 

ADVOCATE (ad'vo-kat), n. 1. One who pleads 
for another or for a cause. 2. One who es- 
pouses a principle or truth. [L. advocatus, 
p.p. of advoco, call to.] 

ADVOCATE (ad'vo-kat), vt. [pr.p. ADVOCAT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ADVOCATED.] Plead in 
favor of; defend; vindicate. 

ADVOWEE (ad-vow'e), n. One who has the 
right of advowson. 

ADVOWSON (ad-vow'sun), n. Eng. Law. 
The right of patronage or presentation to a 
vacant benefice. [L. advocatio.] 

ADYNAMIA (ad-i-na'mi-a), n. Pathol. De- 
bility resulting from disease. [Gr. from a 
priv. and dynamis, power.] 

ADYNAMIC (ad-i-nam'ik), a. 1. Pathol. Per- 
taining to adynamia. 2. Physics. Not re- 
sulting from or effected by the action of 
forces. 

ADYTUM (ad'l-tum), n. [pi. ADYTA.] In- 
nermost shrine. [L.] 




Adz. 



ADZ, ADZE 

(adz), n. Car- 
penter's tool 
having a thin 
arched blade 
with its edge 
at right an- 
gles to the handle. [A.S. adesa.] 
JE (e or e). Latin diphthong corresponding to 
the Greek ai, and used chiefly in words derived 
from the Greek language. When fully 
naturalized in English the Greek ai and 
Latin ce have now become e, as wgis, egis; 
won, eon; molian, eolian; etc. 
^EacTJS (e'a-kus), n. Greek Myth. Son of Zeus 
and ^Egina; king of CEnopia, whose inhabit- 
ants were destroyed by pestilence. Zeus re- 
peopled the kingdom by changing all the ants 
in an old oak into men. At his death he was 
made one of the judges in Hades. 
^DILE, EDILE (e'dil), n. In ancient Rome, 
a magistrate in charge of public buildings, 
roads, games, markets, etc. 
AEGEAN (e-je'an) SeA. Part of Mediterra- 
nean Sea between Greece and Asia Minor. 
^iGER (ej'er), n. Scand. Myth. God of the 
ocean. Rana was his wife. They had nine 
daughters clad in white, who represented 
the white-capped billows. 
iEGERIA (e-je'ri-a), n. Greek Myth. Same as 

EGERIA. 
iEGEUS (e'ji-us), n. Greek Myth. King of 
Athens, from whom the ^Egean Sea is sup- 
posed to have received its name, and in which 
he drowned himself, believing his son Theseus 
was dead. 
^EGIS (e'jis), n. 1. Greek Myth. Protecting 
mantle bearing the head of the Gorgon 
Medusa, given by Jupiter to Minerva. 2. 
[ae-] Protecting armor. 
^EgYPTTTS (e-jip'tus), n. Greek Myth. Son of 
Relus. Gave his fifty sons in marriage to the 
fifty daughters of his brother Danaus. 
./ENEAS (e-ne'as), n. Greek Myth. The subject 
of Virgil's ^Eneid; the son of Anchises and 
Venus, who escaped the destruction of Troy. 
AEOLIAN, EOLIAN (e o'li-an), a. I. Pertaining 
to ^Eolus, god of the winds. 2. [se-] Borne 
or produced by the -vind. 3. [JE-~\ Pertaining 
to ^Eolus, mythical founder of JEoUa,. 
AEOLUS (e'6-lus), n. Greek Myth. The god of 
winds; represented as holding the winds 
confined in a cavern, and occasionally giving 
them liberty to blow over the world. 
yEON (e'on), n. Same as EON. 
AERATE (a'er-at), vt. [pr.p. A'ERATING; 

p.t. and p.p. A'ERATED.] Put air or gas 
into; charge with carbonic acid; subject to 
the action of air. — Aerated bread, bread that 
has been raised by carbonic-dioxide instead 
of by yeast. [L. aer, air.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AERATION 



19 



AEROSTATICS 



AERATION (a-er-a'shun), n. 1. Exposure 
to the action of air. 2. Act of charging with 
air or gas. 3. Physiol. Oxygenation of the 
blood. 

AERATOR (a'er-a-tur), n. Apparatus for 
aerating. 

AERIAL, (a-e'ri-al), a. Belonging to the air; 
consisting of air; produced by air; high in 
the air. [L. aer, air.] 

AERIALISM (a-e'ri-al-izm), n. Same as AERO- 
NAUTICS. 

AERIE, AERY (a'er-i), n. Nest of a bird of 
prey, on a lofty crag. [L. air, air.] 

AERIFORM (a'er-i-farm), a. Having the form 
of gas. [Li. aer, air.] 

AERIFY (a'er-i-fi), vt. [pr.p. AERIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. A'ERIFIED.] 1. Combine with 
air or gas. 2. Convert into a gaseous form. 

AERO-, prefix. Pertaining to air; the air; 
atmosphere. [Gr. aer, air.] 

AEROBIA (a-er-6'bi-a), n.pl. Biol. Bacteria 
that cannot exist out of contact with the 
air. [Gr. aer, air, and hios, life.] 

AEROCYCLE (a/er-o-si-kl), n. Combination 
of motorcycle and aeroplane, for traveling on 
land or in the air. Its basic principle is the 
motorcycle, which is utilized in starting and 
propelling it, and in controlling the aero- 
planes after the machine leaves the ground. 




Aerocycle. 

AERODISK (a'er-o-disk), n. Thin sheet of light 
metal or meia!=»covered wood, used to divert 
air currents while operating an aeroplane. 

AERODOME (a'er-o-dom), n. Building for the 
protection and storage of an airship. [Gr. 
aer, air, and domos, ■house.] 

AERODROME (.a'er-o-drom), n. 1. Form of 
aeroplane. 2. Course for trials practice, and 
competition of aeroplanes* 

AERODROMICS (a-ei-o-drom'iks), n. Same as 
AVIATICS. 

AERODYNAMIC (a'er-o-dl-nam-ik), a. Per- 
taining to aerodynamics. 

AERODYNAMICS (a'er-o-dl-nam-iks), n. Scien- 
tific study of air movements. 

AEROFOIL (a'er-o-foil), n. Sustaining surface 
in a flying machine. 

AEROGRAM (a'cr-o-gram), n. Message sent by 
wireless telegraphy. 

AEROLITE (a'er-o-llt), n. Meteoric stone; 
meteorite. [Gr. aer, air, and litlios, stone.] 



AEROLOGY (a-er-olo-ji), n. Science which 
treats of the laws and phenomena of the 
atmosphere. [AEEO- and -LOGY.] 

AEROMETER (a-er-om'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the tension or weight of gases. 
[Gr. aer, air, and metron, measure.] 

AERONAT (a'er-o-nat), n. Dirigible motor- 
driven balloon or airship. 

AERONAUT (a'er-o-nat), n. One who sails or 
floats in the air, as in a balloon or by means 
of an aeroplane. [Gr. aer, air, and nautes, 
sailor.] 

AERONAUTIC (a-er-o-na'tik), AERONAUTI- 
CAL (a-er-o-na'ti-kal), a. Pertaining to 
aerial navigation. 

AERONAUTICS (a-er-o-na'tiks), n. Science or 
art of navigating the air; aerial navigation by 
any means whatever; general term including 
both aerostatics and aviatics. 

AERONEF (a'er-o-nef), n. Any form of flying 
machine heavier than air; flying machine 
requiring no gas bag to sustain it; as, the 
aeroplane, aerodrome, etc. [AERO- and Fr. 
nef, ship.] 

AEROPHONE (a'er-o-fon), n. 1. Portable 

tube-like device to assist the hearing. 2. 
Instrument which amplifies sound waves, 
especially those of the voice. [Gr. aer, air, 
and phone, sound.] 

AEROPHORE (aer-o-for), n. 1. Device that 
permits respiration under water or in smoke- 
charged atmosphere. 2. Appliance for coun- 
teracting the effect of atmospheric electricity 
in factories by diffusing moisture in the air. 
[Gr. aer, air, and pherd, bear.] 

AEROPHYTE (a/er-o»fit), n. Bot. Plant living 
in the air, unconnected with the soil, as 



some orchids; air-plant. 
phyton, plant.] 

AEROPLANE (a'er-o-plan), 
n. 1. Flying machine 
having power to rise or 
float in air without the aid 
of gas or rarefied air. 2. 
Plane used in aerostatics. 

AEROSCOPY (a-er-os'ko- 
pi), n. Observation of 
atmospheric conditions. 
[Gr. aer, air, and skopeo, 
see.] 

AEROSTAT (a'er-o-stat), n. 
1. Ordinary spherical bal- 
loon. 2. Improved form 
of merry-go-round. 

AEROSTATIC (a-er-o-stat- 
ik), a. 1. Pertaining to 
Pertaining to aeronautics. 
statiko 



[Gr. 



aer, air, and 




"Butterfly" Aero- 
plane. — Upper fig- 
ure shows machine 
as seen from above, 
and lower from di- 
rectly in front. 



aerostation. 2. 
[Gr. aer, air, and 
relating to equilibrium.] 
AEROSTATICS (a-er-o-stat'iks), n. 1. Science 
of the equilibrium of air or of elastic fluids. 
3. Science of aerial navigation by means 
lighter than the air; aerostation; bal- 
looning. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c.4 in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



» 



AEROSTATION 



20 



AFFIRMATIVE 



AEROSTATION (a-er-o-sta/shun), n. Art of 
raising and managing balloons. 

AERY (a'er-i), a. 1. Airy; spiritual. 2. Lofty. 

^KSCULAPIUS ( es-ku-la'pi-us) n. Greek Myth. 
The god of medicine; a son of Apollo, phy- 
sician to the Argonauts. 

/ESTHESIA, ESTHESIA (es-the'si-a), n. Phys- 
ical sensibility; feeling. [Gr. aisthesis, feeling.] 

.ESTHETIC, ESTHETIC (es-thet'ik), a. 1. 

Having a sense of the beautiful. 2. Pertain- 
ing to the fine arts. [Gr. aisthetikos, per- 
ceptive.] 

^ESTHETICAL, ESTHETICAL (es-thet'i-kal), 
a. .Esthetic. 

AESTHETICALLY, ESTHETICALLY (es-thet- 
i-kal-i), adv. In an aesthetic manner; from an 
artistic point of view. 

.ESTHETICS, ESTHETICS (es-thet'iks), n. 
Science of beauty and taste in nature and art. 

AETIOLOGY (e-ti-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Science of 
causes, as of physical phenomena or of 
diseases. 2. Shet. The giving of a reason; a 
reason given. 3. PMlos. Doctrine that the 
universe has a first cause. [Gr. aitilogia; 
from aitia, cause, and logos, doctrine.] 

AFAR (a-far'), adv. Far away. 

AFFABILITY (af-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
affable; condescension in manners. 

AFFABLE (af'a-bl), n. Condescending; of easy 
access and manners; courteous; complaisant. 
[L. ad, to, and fabilis — fari, speak.] 

AFFABLENESS (af'a-bl-nes), n. Affability. 

AFFABLY (af'a-bli), adv. In an affable manner. 

AFFAIR (af-far), n. [pi. AFFAIRS (af-farz').] 
i. That which is done or is to be done; 
business of any kind. 2. Matter of interest 
or concern. 3. Mil. Minor engagement; 
skirmish. [Fr. d, to, and faire, do.] 

AFFECT (af-fekf), vt. [pr.p. AFFECT'ING; 
-p.t. and p.p. AFFECT'ED.] 1. Act upon; 
change. 2. Touch the feelings of. 3. Make 
a show or pretense of. 4. Be partial to; 
frequent. 5. Dispose. [L. ad, to, and facio, do.] 

SIN. Influence; impress; soften; con- 
cern; interest; assume; feign; pretend. 

AFFECTATION (af-fek-ta'shun), n. Striving 
after; attempt to assume what is not natural; 
pretense. 

AFFECTED (af-fekt'ed), a. 1. Full of affecta- 
tion. 2. Touched with emotion. 3. Disposed. 

AFFECTEDLY (af-fekted-li), adv. In an af- 
fected manner. 

AFFECTEDNESS (af-fekt'ed-nes), n. Quality of 
being affected. 

A I MX TING (af-fekt'ing), a. Having power 
to move the feelings; pathetic. 

AFFECTION (af-fek'shun), n. 1. Act of affect- 
ing or state of being affected. 2. Feeling; 
disposition; attachment; fondness; love. 3. 
Attribute, quality, or property. 4. Disease; 
morbid state. [L. See AFFECT.] 

AFFECTIONATE (af-fek'shun-at), a. Full of 
affection; fond; loving. 



AFFECTIONATELY (af-fek'shun-at-li), adv. 
In an affectionate manner. 

AFFECTIVE (af-fekt'iv), a. Exciting or 

showing emotion. 

AFFERENT (af'er-ent), a. Phys. Conducting 
to, as the nerves that convey sensations to 
the nerve centers; conveying inward. [L. 
ad, to, and fero, carry.] 

AFFETTTJOSO (af-fet-to-o'zo), a. and adv. 
Music. With tenderness. [It.] 

AFFIANCE (af-fi'ans), n. 1. Confidence; trust. 
2. Marriage contract; pledge of faith. [Fr. 
afiance; from afier, affier, trust in.] 

AFFIANCE (af-fi'ans), vt. [pr.p. AFFI'ANCING; 
p.t. and p.p. AFFIANCED (af-fi'anst).] Pledge 
faith; betroth. 

AFFIANCER (af-fi'an-ser), n. One who affiances. 

AFFIANT (af-fi'ant), n. One who makes an 
affidavit. [L. ad, to, and fides, faith.] 

AFFIDAVIT (af-fi-da'vit), n. Declaration in 
writing, sworn to before a magistrate. [L. 
afiido, pledge one's faith.] 

AFFILIATE (af-fil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. AFFILIAT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFIL'IATED.] 1. Receive 
into a family as a son, into a society as a 
member, or into intimate relation. 2. Con- 
sort or associate with. [L. L. affilio; from 
L. ad, to, and filius, son.] 

AFFILIATION (af-fil-i-ashun), n. 1. Act of 
affiliating or state of being affiliated. 2. 
Association (usually in the plural). 

AFFINITY (af-fin'i-ti), n. [pi. AFFIN'ITIES.] 
1. Relationship by marriage, not by blood. 2. 
Inherent likeness; kinship; resemblance. 3. 
Supposed inherent mutual attraction between 
particular persons of opposite sex; also 
person exerting such attraction. 4. Chemical 
attraction. [Fr.. afiinite — L. affinitas, affinis, 
neighboring; ad, to, and finis, boundary.] 

AFFIRM (af-ferm'), v. [pr.p. AFFIRMING; 
p.t. and p.p. AFFIRMED (af-fermd').] I. vt. 

1. Assert positively; declare to be a fact; aver. 

2. Confirm or ratify. II. vi. 1. State the 
affirmative side; declare positively. 2. 
Law. Make a solemn declaration instead of 
an oath under judicial sanction. [Fr. affirmer; 
from L. affirmo; ad, to, and firmus, firm.] 

SYN. Asseverate; avouch; depone. 
ANT. Deny; dispute; negative; contradict; 
gainsay; oppose. 

AFFIRMABLE (af-ferm'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being affirmed. 

AFFIRMANCE (af-ferm'ans), n. 1. Affirma- 
tion. 2. Ratification. 

AFFIRMATION (af-fer-ma'shun), n. 1. Act 
of affirming; assertion. 2. Ratification. 3. 
Law. Solemn declaration before a magis- 
trate in lieu of an oath. 

AFFIRMATIVE (af-ferm'a-tiv), I. a. That 
affirms or consents; positive (as opposed to 
negative, which opposes or denies). II. n. 
Positive proposition. — In the affirmative, as- 
senting. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AFFIRMATIVELY 



21 



AFRICANIZE 



AFFIRMATIVELY (af-ferm'a-tiv-li), adv. In 
an affirmative manner; positively. 

AFFIX (af-fiks'), vt. [pr.p. AFFIX'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. AFFIXED (af-fikst').] Fix to; attach; 
append. [L. ad, to, and figo, fix.] 

AFFIX (af'fiks), n. Syllable or letter added to 
the end of a word; suffix. 

AFFIXTURE (af-fiks'tur), n. Attachment. 

AFFLATION (af-fla'shun), n. 1. Act of breath- 
ing upon or into. 2. State of being breathed 
upon or into. 

AFFLATUS (af-fla'tus), n. 1. Inspiration. 2. 
Overmastering natural impulse. 3. Med, 
Blast of air that causes disease through ex- 
posure to it. [L.; from afflo, blow on; ad, to, 
and flo, blow.] 

AFFLICT (af-flikf), vt. [pr.p. AFFLICT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. AFFLICT'ED.] Oppress with 
bodily suffering or mental distress; give pain 
to. [From L. afflictus, p.p. of affligo, strike 
down; ad, at, and fligo, strike.] 

SYN. Distress; harass; hurt; torment; 
trouble; wound. ANT. Comfort; console. 

AFFLICTER (af-flikt'er)^ n. One who afflicts. 

AFFLICTION (af-flik'shun), n. 1. Act of afflict- 
ing, or state of being afflicted. 2. Mental or 
bodily distress, or that which causes it. 

SYN. Calamity; adversity; anguish; 
trial; tribulation; sorrow; grief; pain; 
hardship; misfortune; misery. ANT. Com- 
fort; consolation; alleviation; relief. 

AFFLICTIVE (af-flikt'iv), a. Causing afflic- 
tion; painful; distressing; grievous. 

AFFLICTIVELY (af-flikt'iv-li), adv. In an 
afflictive manner. 

AFFLUENCE (af '16-ens), n. Abundance of pos- 
sessions, especially of money. 

AFFLUENT (af'lo-ent), I. a. 1. Abounding in 
wealth. 2. Flowing to. II. n. Stream flow- 
ing into a river or lake. [See AFFLUX.] 

AFFLUENTLY (af'lo-ent-li), adv. In an affluent 
manner. 

AFFLUX (af'luks), n. Flowing to; that which 
flows to. [L. ad, and fluo, flow.] 

AFFORD (af-ford'), vt. [pr.p. AFFORD'ING; 
p.t. a,n<Fp.p. AFFORD 'ED.] 1. Yield or pro- 
duce. 2. Be able to give or spend. [M. E. 
aforthen — A. S. geforthian, further.] 

AFFRAY (af-fra'), n. Fright; disturbance; 
brawl. [O. Fr. affrayer, frighten.] 

AFFRIGHT (af-frif), vt. [pr.p. AFFRIGHT 'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. AFFRIGHT 'ED.] Impress with 
sudden fear. 

AFFRIGHT (af-frif), n. Sudden or great fear; 
that which inspires fear; object of dread. [See 
FRIGHT.] 

AFFRONT (af-f runt '),vt. 1. [pr.p. AFFRONT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. AFFRONT 'ED.] Insult 
openly; give offense to. 2. Make ashamed; 
confuse. [L. ad, to, and frons, front.] 

SYN. Offend; provoke; wound. ANT. 
Please; gratify; honor. 

AFFRONT (af-f runt), n. Open insult; inten- 



contemptuous treat- 




Afghan. 



tional act of disrespect; 
ment. 

SYN. Indignity; abuse; injury; outrage. 
ANT. Compliment; courtesy. 

AFFRONTIVE (af-frunt'iv), a. Containing or 
giving offense. 

AFFUSE (af-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. AFFU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. AFFUSED (af-fuzd').] Pour (upon). 
[From L. affusus, p.p. of affundo; ad, to, and 
fundo, pour. See FUSE.] 

AFFUSION (af-fu'zhun), n. Act of pouring or 
sprinkling water upon the body; ablution. 

AFGHAN (af'gan), I. a. Be- 
longing to the country Af- 
ghanistan, a country of 
Asia. II. n. 1. Native of 
Afghanistan. 2. [a-] Sleep- 
ing robe or cover of knitted 
wool. 

Afghanistan (af-gan-is- 

tan'), n. Country N. W. 

of India. Area, 250,000 

sq. m. 
AFIELD (a-feld'), adv. In, 

to, or on the field. 
AFIRE (a-fir'), adv. and a. On fire; burning; 

inflamed. [A-, on, and FIRE.] 
AFLAME (a-flam'), adv. and a. Flaming; in 

flames. 
AFLOAT (a-flof), adv. and a. Floating; at sea; 

unfixed. 
AFLOW (a-flo'), adv. and a. Flowing. 
AFOOT (a-fof), adv. On foot; on the move; 

going on. 
AFORE (a-for'), prep, and adv. Before. 
AFOREGOING ( a-for go-ing), a. Going before; 

foregoing. 
AFOREHAND (a-for'hand), a. Supplied in ad- 
vance; prepared. 
AFOREMENTIONED (a-for'men-shund), a. 

Mentioned before. 
AFORENAMED (a-f6r'namd), a. Named before. 
AFORESAID (a-for'sed), a. Mentioned in a 

preceding part; said before. 
AFORETHOUGHT (a-for'that), a. Planned 

beforehand; prepense. 
AFORETIME (a-for'tim), adv. At a previous 

time; formerly. 
AFOUL (a-f owl'), adv. and a. Foul; in collision. 
AFRAID (a-frad'), a. Struck with fear; daunted; 

apprehensive. [See AFFRAY.] 
AFRESH (a-fresh'), adv. Anew; again. 
AFRICAN (af'ri-kan), I. a. Pertaining to 

Africa. II. n. Native of Africa, or person, 

wherever born, who belongs ethnologically 

to one of the African races. 

Africander, Afrikander (af-ri-kan'- 

der), n. Person born in South Africa, but of 
European descent. 

Africanize (afri-kan-iz), vt. [pr.p. af'ri- 

CANIZING; p.t. and p.p. AFRICANIZED 

(af'ri-kan-izd).] 1. Impart negro character 
to. 2. Bring under African or negro rule. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



> 



AFRO-A3IERICAN 



22 



AGE 




Frederick Douglass, 
A fro- American, ex- 
slave, reformer and 
diplomat. Born 181 7 
—died 1895. 



Afro-American (af-ro- 

a-mer'i-kan), I. a. Per- 
taining to Afro-Americans. 
II. ». Person of African 
negro race or descent resid- 
ing in America; American 
negro. 

AFRONT (a-frunf), adv. 1. 
Face to face. 2. Abreast. 

AFT (aft), naut. a. and adv. 
Near or towards the stern. 
— Fore and aft, the whole 
length of a ship. — Might 
aft, in a direct line with 
the stern. [A. S. ceft, short 
for after, behind.] 

AFTER -(after), a. 1. Behind in place. 2. 
Later in time. 3. More toward the stern of a 
vessel. [A. S. after, farther off.] 

AFTER (aft'er), prep. 1. Behind in place. 2. 
Below in rank or next in order. 3. Later 
than; following in time. 4. In consequence 
of; following. 5. In imitation of; in con- 
formity with. 6. In relation to; concerning; 
about. 7. In honor of. 

AFTER (aft'er), adv. Subsequently; afterward. 

AFTERBIRTH (aft'er-berth), n. Obstet. That 
which is expelled after birth of a child, in- 
cluding the placenta and fetal membranes. 

AFTERCLAP (aft'er-klap), n. Unexpected sub- 
sequent event. 

AFTERCROP (aft'er-krop), o. Second crop in 
the same year. 

AFTERDAMP (after-damp), n. Choke-damp, 
or carbon dioxide, occurring in co'al mines 
after an explosion of fire-damp. 

AFTER-DINNER (aft-er-din'er), a. Happening 
or done after dinner, as, an after-dinner speech. 

AFTERGLOW (aft'er-glo), n. Late evening 
twilight; glow in western sky after sunset. 

AFTER-IMAGE (aft'er-im-aj), n. Image of a 
bright object retained by the retina after the 
eyes have been withdrawn. 

AFTERMATH (aft'er-math), n. Second crop of 
grass in a season. [See MOW.] 

AFTERMOST (after-most), a. Hindmost; 
nearest the stern of a ship. 

AFTERNOON aft-er-non'), n. Time between 
noon and evening. 

AFTER-PAINS (aft'er-panz), n.pl. Oostet. Pains 
which follow childbirth. 

AFTERPIECE (aft'er-pes), n. Farce or other 
minor piece performed after a play. 

AFTERTHOUGHT (aft'er-that), n. Reflection 
after the act. 

AFTERWARD (after-ward), AFTERWARDS 
(aft'er-wardz), adv. Subsequently; later. [A. 
S. after, behind, and weard, towards.] 
AGAIN (a-gen'), adv. 1. Once more; anew. 2. 
Once repeated, said of quantity. 3. In the 
opposite direction; back. 4. In the next 
place; moreover. 5. On the other hand. 
[A. S. ongegn, .against.] 




Agami (Psophia crepitans). 



AGAINST (a-gensf), prep. 1. Opposite to; in 
opposition to, in collision with. 2, In pro- 
vision for. [See AGAIN.] 

AGAMEMNON (ag-a-mem'non), n. Greek Myth. 
King of Argos. Married Clytemnestra. 
Brother of Menelaus, who married the famous 
Helen. Leader of Greeks against Troy. Mur- 
dered by his wife as he came from his bath. 

AGAMI (ag'a-me), 
n. Zool. South- 
American bird re- 
lated to the cranes, 
commonly called 
the trumpeter from 
its cry. [Native 

name.] 

AGAMIC (a-gam'ik), 
a. 1. Biol. Pro- 
duced without fe- 
cundation. 2. Bot. 
Cryptogamic; ag- 
amous. [Gr. aga- 
mos, unmarried.] 

a;gamogenesis 

(ag-a-mo-jen'e-sis) 
n. Biol. Asexual reproduction, as by bud- 
ding or by cell-division. [Gr. agamos, un- 
married, and genesis, origin.] 

AGAMOUS (ag'a-mus), a. 1. Biol, Asexual. 
2. Bot. Cryptogamic. 

AGAPE (a-gap'), adv. and a. With wide-open 
mouth. 

AGARIC (a-gar'ik, or ag'a-rik), n. Fungus of 
the genus Agaricus; mushroom. 

AGARICUS ( a-gar'i- 
kus), n. Bot. Genus of 
fungi embracing the 
agarics, mushrooms 
or toadstools. [Gr. 
agarikon from Agara, 
in Sarmatia.] 

AGATE (ag'at), n. 1. 
Semi-pellucid pre- 
cious stone, variety 
of quartz. 2. Small 
size of type, 14 lines 
to an inch: 
|^"The size in which this Jine is printed. 

AGAVE (a-ga/ve), n. Genus of plants, of which 
the American aloe is a species. [Gr. agauos, 
noble.] 

-AGE (aj), adjectival suffix. Forms collective 
nouns, as foliage, baggage; and nouns of con- 
dition or relation, as bondage, peerage, break- 
age, postage. [Fr. -age — L. -aticutn.'] 

AGE (aj), n. 1. Time during which a person or 
thing has lived or existed. 2. Ordinary term 
of life. 3. Majority or legal majority (as at 
21 years). 4. Oldness; the declining years of 
life. 5. One of the stages of human life, as 
the stages of infancy, of youth, of manhood, 
etc. 6. Period of time; epoch; era; century; 
generation, etc. [Fr. — L. wtas, age.] 




Agarics. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AGE 



23 



AGING 




Ageratum (A. cony- 
zoidez) . 



AGE (aj), v. [pr.p. A'GING; p.t. and p.p. AGED 
(ajd).] I. vt. Cause to grow or appear old. 
II. vi. Grow old or appear to grow old. 

AGED (a'jed), I. a. 1. Advanced in years; old. 

2. (ajd or a'jed). Of a certain age. II. n. 
pi. Old people; as, the aged. 

AGENCY (a'jen-si), n. [pi. A'GENCIES.] 1. 
Operation; action. 2. Means of producing 
effects. 3. Office or business of an agent. 
SYN. Instrumentality; medium; means; 
management; office. 

AGENT (a'jent), I. a. Acting, as opposed to 
being acted upon or passive. II. n. 1. Person 
or thing that acts or produces an effect. 2. 
Means whereby anything is effected; factor. 

3. One who acts for another. [L. agens, 
doing.] 

AGERATUM (aj-er-a'tum), 
n. Bot. Tropical Ameri- 
can plant of the aster 
family. 

AGGLOMERATE (ag- 
glom'er-at), v. [pr.p. 
AGGLOMERATING; p. 
t. and p.p. AGGLOMER- 
ATED.] I. vt. Make 
into a ball or mass; heap 
together. II. vi. Grow 
or collect into a mass. 
[L. agglomero; from ad, 
to, and glomus, ball.] 

AGGLOMERATE (ag- 

glom'er-at), I. a. Gathered into a ball or mass. 
II. n. Mass growing or heaped together. 

AGGLOMERATION (ag-glom-er-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of agglomerating or state of being ag- 
glomerated. 2. Confused mass; cluster. 

AGGLUTINANT (ag-glo'ti-nant), I. a. Causing 
or tending to cause adhesion. II. n. Adhesive 
substance. 

AGGLUTINATE (ag-glo'ti-nat), vt. [pr.p. AG- 
GLUTINATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGLUTI- 
NATED.] 1. Cause to adhere or stick 
together. 2. Convert into a viscous sub- 
stance. 

AGGLUTINATE (ag-glo'ti-nat), a. 1. Joined 
with or as with glue. 2. Agglutinative. 
[L. agglutinatus, p.p. of agglutino; ad, to, and 
gluten, glue.] 

AGGLUTINATION (ag-glo-ti-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of gluing together or state of being glued 
together. 2. Philol. A putting together of 
root words to form a new word with little 
change of form or loss of meaning. 

AGGLUTINATIVE (ag-glo'ti-na-tiv), a. 1. 
Uniting by adhesion. 2. Philol. Pertaining 
to or characterized by agglutination. 

AGGRANDIZE (ag'ran-diz), v. [pr.p. AG'- 
GRANDIZING; p.t. and p.p. AGGRANDIZED 
(ag'ran-dizd).] I. vt. Make great or greater 
in rank, honor, or power. II. vi. Recome 
greater. [L. ad, to, and grandis, great.] 

SYN. Advance; augment; magnify; 



exalt; promote; elevate. ANT. Diminish; 
decrease; reduce; degrade; debase. 

AGGRANDIZEMENT (ag-gran'diz-ment, or ag- 
ran-diz'ment), n. Act of aggrandizing or 
state of being aggrandized. 

AGGRANDIZER (ag'ran-dl-zer), ns One who 
aggrandizes. 

AGGRAVATE (ag'ra-vat), vt. [pr.p. AGGRA- 
VATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGRAVATED.] 1. 
Make worse or heavier; intensify. 2. Make 
more inflamed; irritate. 3. Provoke; ex- 
asperate. (Colloq.) [L. ad, to, and gravo, make 
heavy.] 

SYN. Enhance; heighten; increase. 
ANT. Diminish; assuage; reduce. 

AGGRAVATION (ag-ra-va'shun), n. 1. Act of 
aggravating or state of being aggravated. 

2. That which increases a burden or guilt. 

3. Exasperation; irritation. (Colloq.) 
AGGREGAT (ag're-gat), n. Intensifler used in 

the manufacture of steel to produce density. 

AGGREGATE (ag're-gat), v. [pr.p. AGGRE- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. AGGREGATED.] I. vt. 
Collect into a sum or mass; accumulate. II. 
vi. Unite. [L. ad, to, and grex, gregis, flock.] 

AGGREGATE (ag're-gat), I. 
a. Formed of parts taken 
together. II. n. Sum total. 

AGGREGATION (ag-re-ga- 
shun), n. Act of aggrega- 
ting; state of being collected 
together; combined whole. 

AGGREGATIVE (ag're-ga- 
tiv), a. 1. Tending to aggre- 
gation; social. 2. Taken 
together. 

AGGREGATOR (ag're-ga-tur), 
aggregates. 

AGGRESSION (ag-gresh'un), n. First act of 
hostility or injury. [L. aggredior, aggressus — - 
ad, at, and gradior, step.] 

AGGRESSIVE (ag-gres'iv), a. Making the first 
attack; prone to make an attack. 

AGGRESSIVELY (ag-gres'iv-li), adv. In an 
aggressive manner. 

AGGRESSIVENESS (ag-gres'iv-nes), n. Quality 
of being aggressive. 

AGGRESSOR (ag-gres'ur), n. One who first 
commences hostility or gives offense. 

AGGRIEVE (ag-grev'), vt. [pr.p. AGGRIEVING; 
p.t. and p.p. AGGRIEVED (ag-grevd).] Give 
pain or sorrow to; oppress; injure. [L. ad, to, 
and gravis, heavy, grave.] 

AGHAST (a-gasf), a. Stupefied with horror. 
[A. S. intens. pref. a, and gozsten, terrify.] 

AGILE (aj'il), a. Active; nimble; quick; lively. 
[L. agilis — ago, do.] 

AGILITY (a-jil'i-ti), n. Quickness of motion; 
nimbleness; activity. 

AGINCOURT (azh-an-kor'), n. Village In 
France, near Roulogne. 

AGING (a'jing), n. Process of making or becom- 
ing old, or of causing to appear old. 




One who 



fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AGIO 



24 



AGREEMENT 



AGIO (aJ'i-6), n. Exchange premium; broker- 
age. [It. aggio, exchange.] 

AGIOTAGE (aj'i-o-taj), n. 1. Stock-jobbing. 
2. Exchange business. 

AGITATE (aj'i-tat), v. [pr.p. AG'ITATING; p.t. 
and p.p. AGITATED.] I. vt. 1. Move or 
shake briskly. 2. Disturb or excite the feelings; 
perturb; rouse. 3. Discuss; debate. II. vi. 
Arouse public attention or nterest. [L. agito, 
freq. of ago, put in motion.] 

SYN. Alarm; move; convulse; shake; 
fidget; chafe; fuss; fluster; distract; flutter; 
stir. ANT. Calm; compose; allay; appease; 
mollify; pacify; tranquilize; soothe. 

AGITATION (aj-i-ta'shun), n. Act of agitating 
or state of being agitated; commotion. 

AGITATIVE (aj'i-ta-tiv), a. Causing or tending 
to cause agitation. 

AGITATOR (aj'i-ta-tur), n. One who or that 
which agitates. 

AGLEAM (a-glem'), adv. and a. In a glow; 
gleaming. 

AGLEE (a-gle'), adv. Wrong. [Scotch.] 

AGLET (ag'let), n. 1. Small metal sheath at 
the end of a lace useful in passing it through 
an eyelet. 2. Small pendant ornament of 
gold or silver in military dress. [Fr. aiguil- 
lette.] 

AGLOW (a-ghV), a. Glowing; in a glow. 

AGNAIL (ag'nal), n. Painful swelling under 
or near a nail; hangnail. [A. S. angncegl; 
from ange, painful, and ncegl, nail.] 

AGNATE (ag'nat), I. a. 1. Related through 
male kinship only. 2. Pertaining to male 
relatives by the father's side. 3. Akin; 
similar. II. n. Person related to another 
through male line only. [L. agnattis, p.p. 
of agnascor, be born; ad, to, and nascor, be 
born.] 

AGNATIC (ag-nat'ik), a. Pertaining to descent 
by the male line of ancestors. 

AGNATION (ag-na'shun), n. Civil Law. Con- 
sanguinity by a line of males only. 

AGN03IEN (ag-no'men), n. Additional name 
or epithet, given, especially by the ancient 
Romans, on account of some characteristic 
accomplishment or event, as Scipio Afri- 
canus; Aristides the Just. [L. ad, to, and 
notnen, name.] 

AGNOSTIC (ag-nos'tik), I. n. One who holds 
that we know or can know nothing of God 
and the infinite, as we are limited to expe- 
rience. II. a. Pertaining to agnosticism. 
[Gr. a priv. and gnostikos, able to know.] 

AGNOSTICISM (ag-nos'ti-sizm), n. Doctrine 
of the agnostics. 

AGO (a-go'), adv. and a. Gone; past; as, a 
year ago. [M. E. agon.] 

AGOG (a-gog')» adv. and o. Eager; in a state 
of excited desire. 

AGOING (a-go'ing) a. and adv. In motion; 
current. 

AGONIZE (ag'o-niz), v. [pr.p. AG'ONIZING; 




Agouti (Dasyprocta agouti). 



p.t. and p.p. AGONIZED (ag'o-nizd).] I. vt. 
Distress with extreme pain; torture. II. vi. 
Be in extreme pain; suffer anguish. 

AGONY (ag'o-ni), n. [pi. AG'ONIES.] 1. Extreme 
pain of body or mind. 2. Violent struggle, 
as for life. [Gr. agon, arduous struggle.] 

SYN. Anguish; pang; torture; torment; 
throe, distress; suffering; woe. ANT. Ease; 
pleasure; enjoyment; ecstasy; rapture; 
relief; solace; comfort. 

AGOUTI, AGOTJ- 
TY (a-go'ti), 
n. Rabbit -like 
rodent of South 
and Central 
America. [Fr.] 

AGRAPHIA (a- 
graf'i-a), n. 
Pathol. Morbid 
inability to ex- 
press ideas by 
writing. [Gr. a 
priv. and gra- 
pho, write.] 

AGRARIAN (a-gra'ri-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to land, or to the equal distribution of land. 
2. Hot. Growing wild. II. n. One who 
favors agrarianism. [L. agrarius — ager, a 
field.] 

AGRARIANISM (a-gra'ri-an-izm), n. Principle 
of, or agitation for, a juster distribution of 
land. 

AGREE (a-gre), vi. [pr.p. AGREEING; p.t. 
and p.p. AGREED (a-gred).] 1. Be of one 
mind; concur. 2. Assent to. 3. Harmonize; 
resemble; match; suit; correspond. 4. Prom- 
ise or undertake. 5. Be nutritious, or good 
for one's health. [L. ad", to, and gratus, 
pleasing.] 

SYN. Accede; consent; acquiesce; coin- 
cide; comply; answer; accord; tally; frater- 
nize; reciprocate; indorse. ANT. Differ; 
disagree; revolt; decline; refuse; dissent. 

AGREEABILITY (a-gre-a-bil'i-ti), n. Agree- 
ableness. 

AGREEABLE (a-grea-bl), a. 1. Pleasing to 
the mind or senses; pleasurable. 2. Con- 
formable (to). 3. Willing to agree; favor- 
ably inclined. 4. In accordance or conform- 
ity. (Colloq.) 

SYN. Pleasing; pleasant; gratifying; 
acceptable; welcome; amiable; complai- 
sant; suitable; consistent; consonant. 
ANT. Disobliging; unpleasant; disagreeable; 
obnoxious; offensive; repulsive; nauseous. 

AGREEABLENESS (a-grea-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being agreeable. 

AGREEABLY (a-gre'a-bli), adv, 1.^ In an 
agreeable manner. 2. In accordance (to). 

AGREEMENT (a-gre'ment), n. l. Concord; 
conformity. 2. Bargain or contract; mutual 
assent. 3. Gram. Correspondence, as in 
number, case, gender, or person. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut burn" 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' ' ' 






AGRICULTURAL 



25 



AIRIFIED 






SYN. Harmony; symmetry; contract; 

compact; bond; obligation, undertaking; 

understanding; treaty; cartel; covenant. 
AGRICULTURAL (ag-ri-kul'tur-al), a. Relating 

to agriculture. 
AGRICULTURE (ag'ri-kul-tur), n. Art, science, 

or practice of cultivating the land. [L. ager, 

a field, and cultura, cultivation.] 
AGRICULTURIST (ag-ri-kul'tur-ist), n. One 

skilled in agriculture. 
AGRONOMY (a-gron'o-mi), n. Science of 

cultivating the ground; agriculture; farming; 

husbandry. [Gr. agronomos, rural — agros, 

field, and nemein, deal out.] 
AGROUND (a-grownd'), adv. Stranded. 
AGUE (a'gu), n. Fever coming in periodical 

fits, accompanied with shivering; chills with 

fever. [Fr. aigu, sharp — L. acutus.] 
AGUISH (a/gu-ish), a. 1. Like an ague; chilly. 

2. Subject to ague. 
AH (a), interj. Expression of surprise, joy, 

pity, inquiry, complaint, compassion, etc., 

according to the manner of utterance. 
AHA (a-ha/), inter}. Exclamation of pleasure, 

surprise, contempt, etc. 
AHEAD (a-hed'), adv. Further on; in ad- 
vance; headlong; forward. 
AHEAP (a-hep'), adv. In a heap. 
AHEM (a-hem'), inter j. Sort of voluntary half 

cough; hem. 
AHOY (a-hoiO, inter j. Naut. Used in hailing 

vessels, as "ship ahoy'" 
AHULL (a-huD, adv. Naut. With sails furled 

and helm lashed alee, causing the vessel to 

lie nearly broadside to the wind. 
AI (a/e), n. Three-toed sloth of South America. 

[Named from its cry.] 
AID (ad), v. [pr.p. AID'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

AID'ED.] I. vt. Render help to; relieve; 

succor; assist. II. vi. Render help; be of 

assistance. [Fr. aider ', help.] 

SYN. Cooperate; forward; further; 

contribute; conduce; tend; facilitate; favor; 

foster; protect; encourage; support; sub- 
sidize. ANT. Oppose; resist; counteract; 

thwart; withstand; confront; discourage; 

deter; baffle; bar; block; hinder; foil. 
AID (ad), n. 1. Relief; assistance. 2. Person 

or thing that renders assistance. 
AIDE (ad), AIDE-DE-CAMP (ad'de-kong), n. 

[pi. AIDES, AIDES-DE-CAMP (adz'de-kong).] 

Mil. Officer who receives the orders of a 

general and communicates them. [Fr.] 
AIGLOPLANE(ag'- 

16-plan), n. Large 

eagle-shaped kite 

with lifting power 

sufficient to make 

it available for 

experiments in 

aerial photogra- 
phy and wireless 

telegraphy. 




Aigloplane. 




AIGRET (a'gret), n. 1. Zool. 
Egret, or small white European 
heron. 2. Plumage or tuft 
of feathers or gems. 3. Bot. 
Feathery crown of seeds, as 
that of the dandelion. [Fr. 
aigrette.] 

AIL (al), v. [pr.p. AIL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. AILED (aid).] I. vt. 
Affect with pain, or uneasi- 
ness of the body or mind. 
II. vi. Be in pain, sick or in 
trouble. [A. S. eglan, trouble.] 

AILERON (a'le-ron), n. Aviation. 

movable wings or wing-tips on either side of 
an aeroplane, by means of which the aviator 
recovers his equilibrium when caught in an 
air-hole. [Fr„ dim. of aile, wing.] 

AILMENT (al'ment), n. Indisposition, especially 
of a chronic character. 

AIM (am), v. [pr.p. AIM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
AIMED' (amd).] I. vt. 1. Point or level to- 
wards, as a firearm or a remark. 2. Direct 
towards or against, as a missile or blow. II. 
vi. 1. Point a weapon or direct a missile at 
something. 2. Make a continued effort; 
strive. [O. Fr. esmer, from L. cestimo, estimate.] 

AIM (am), n. 1. Act of aiming. 2. Object 
aimed at. "3. Line or direction of thing 
aimed at. 4. Design; purpose. 

AIMLESSNESS (am'les-nes), n. Quality of being 
aimless. 

AIN'T (ant). Am not. Incorrectly used for ARE 
NOT and IS NOT. 

AIR (ar), n. 1. Fluid we breathe; atmosphere. 

2. Light breeze. 3. Vent; publicity. [Gr. 
aer, air.] 

AIR (ar), vt. [pr.p. AIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
AIRED (ard).] 1. Expose to the air; venti- 
late; dry. 2. Make public; parade; display. 

AIR (ar), n. 1. Peculiar appearance, mien or 
manner. 2. Affected manner; show of pride. 

3. Music. Melody; tune. [Fr. from It. aria.] 
AIR-BRAKE (ar'brak),n. 

Railway brake opera- 
ated by compression 
of air. [See BRAKE.] 

AIR-CASTLE (ar'kas'l), 
n. Day-dream; reverie. 

AIR-CHAMBER (ar'- 
cham-ber), n. Cham- 
ber containing air, as 
for preserving buoyancy. 

AIR-DRAWN (ar'dran), a. 
aginary. 

AIR-GUN (ar'gun), n. Gun designed to impel 
missiles by the elastic force of compressed air. 

AIR-HOLE (ar'hol), n. 1. Hole made by, con- 
taining, or admitting air. 2. Fault in a cast- 
ing; blow-hole. 3. Opening in the ice. 4. 
Aviation, Sudden upward or downward cur- 
rent of air, upsetting an aeroplane's equilib- 
rium; pocket. 




Air Brake. 



Drawn in air; im- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kli=c/i in Scotch loch. 



» 



AIRILY 



26 



ALARU3I 



AIRILY (ar'i-li), adv. 1. In a light or airy man- 
ner. 2. Gaily. 

AIRINESS (ar'i-nes), n. Lightness; buoyancy. 

AIRING (ar'ing), n. 1. Exposure to the free 
action of the air. 2. Walk or ride in the 
open air for health's sake. 

AIR-JACKET (ar'jak-et), n. Jacket with air- 
chamber. 

AIR-LINE (ar'lin), n. 1. Shortest line between 
two points. 2. Direct railroad route. 

AIRMAN (ar'man), n. [pi. AIRMEN.] One who 
operates an aeroplane; aviator; aeronaut. 

AEROMETER (ar-om'e-ter), n. 1. Receptacle 
for holding air. 2. Instrument for measur- 
ing the velocity of moving air. 

AIR-PLANT (ar'plant), n. Plant growing on 
some object, but taking all its sustenance 
from the air; aerophyte. 

AIR-POISE (ar'poiz), n. Instrument for weigh- 
ing air. 

AIR-PU3IP (ar'pump), n. Machine for pumping 
out or condensing air. 

AIR-SALTPETER (ar'salt-pe-ter), n. Saltpeter 
derived from the nitrogen in the air. 

AIRSHIP (ar'ship), n. Dirigible balloon; as dis- 
tinguished from an aeroplane. 




Airship. 

AIR-TIGHT (ar'tit), a. Impermeable to air. 
AIRY (ar'i), a. 1. Consisting of air; belonging 

to the air; in air. 2. Unsubstantial; unreal. 

3. Buoyant; ethereal. 4. Vain ; light of heart ; 

vivacious; gay. 5. Affected. 
AISLE (il), n. 1. Passageway between seats in 

a church or hall, or between counters in a 

store, etc. 2. Wing of a church. [O. Fr. 

ailc — L. ala, wing.] 
AIT (at), n. Small island, especially in a river. 
AiX-LA-ChAPELLE (aks-la-sha-pel), n. 

Same as AACHEN. 
AjACCIO (a-ya'cho), n. Seaport and capital of 

Corsica. 
AJAR (a-jar'), adv. Partly open. [M. E. on 

char y on the turn; ajar.] 
AjAX (a'jaks), n. Greek, Myth. 1. Son of Tel- 

amon; one of the bravest and largest of the 

Greek warriors in the Trojan war; slain by 

himself. 2. Son of Oileus, king of Locris; 

one of Helen's suitors; called the Lesser Ajax. 
AJUTAGE (aj'o-taj), n. Discharge pipe for 

liquids. [O. F. juter; from jeter, throw.] 



AKIMBO (a-kim'bo), adv. With hand on hip, 

and elbow bent outward. [Etym. doubtful.] 
AKIN (a-kin'), a. Of kin; related by blood or 

by nature; having the same properties or 

nature. 
AL-, prefix. 1. The: Arabic definite article, 

as in AZkoran, the Koran. 2. Latin ad, 

changed before I into al, as in allocution. 
-AL, suffix. Of, belonging or pertaining to; as 

scriptural. [L. -alls.] 
ALA (a'la), n. [pi. AUE (a'le).] Biol. Wing; 

wing-like part. [L.] 
ALABAMA (al-a-ba'ma), n. One of the U. S. 

Area, 51,756 sq. m. Capital, Montgomery. 
ALABASTER (al'a-bas-ter), I. n. Semi-trans- 
parent kind of gypsum or sulphate of lime. 

II. a. Made of alabaster. [Etym. doubtful.] 
A LA CARTE (a-la-karf). According to the 

bill of fare. The opposite is table d'hote, 

when the meal is ordered and paid for as a 

whole. [Fr.] 
ALACK (a-lak'), interj. Exclamation expressing 

sorrow; alas! 
ALACK-A-DAY (a-lak'a-da), interj. Alas the 

day! 
ALACRITY ( a-lak 'ri-ti), n. Briskness, cheerful 
f readiness; promptitude. [L. alacer, brisk.] 
A LA MODE (a-la-mod'). According to the 

mode or fashion. [Fr.] 
ALAR (a'lar), a. 1. Pertaining to, or having 

wings. 2. Bot. Of or pertaining to an axil. 
ALARM (a-larm')» n. 1. Great apprehension 

caused by sudden danger. 2. Anything that 

is done or used to apprise of danger, as the 

ringing of bells; alarum. 3. Call to arms. 

[O. Fr. alarme; from It. allarme, for a le arme, 

to the arms.] 

SYN. Fear; fright; terror; dismay; 

consternation; disquietude; apprehension; 

dread. ANT. Confidence; security; quiet. 
ALARM (a-larm'), vt. [pr.p. ALARMING; p.t. 

and p.p. ALARMED (a-larmd'.] 1. Arouse to 

a sense of danger; strike with apprehension. 

2. Call to arms for defense. 
ALARM-BELL (a-larm'bel), n. Bell used for 

giving notice of danger. 
ALARM-CLOCK (a-larm'klok), n. Clock that 

can be set to ring loudly at a particular time, 

in order to rouse from sleep. 
ALARM-GAGE (a-larm'gaj), n. Contrivance 

that automatically indicates the pressure of 

steam, or a deficiency of water, in a boiler. 
ALARM-GUN (a-larm'gun), n. Gun to be fired 

as a signal of danger. 
ALARMING (a-larm'ing), a. Exciting alarm; 

disturbing. 
ALARMINGLY (a-larm'ing-li), adv. In a way 

to cause alarm. 
ALARMIST (a-larm'ist), n. One who excites 

alarm; one given to prophesying danger or 

disaster. 
ALARUM (a-lar'um), n. Alarm. [Archaic and 

poetic] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



ALAS 



27 



ALCOHOLISM 




Alb. 



[L. fern. sing, of 



ALAS (a-las')» interj. Exclamation expressive 

of sorrow, grief, or pity. [Fr. helas — L. lassus, 

wearied.] 
ALASKA (a-las'ka), n. Territory of U. S., N. W. 

of Canada. Purchased of Russia in 1867 for 

$7,200,000. Area, 599,446 sq. m. 
ALASKAN (a-las'kan), I. a. Of or pertaining 

to Alaska. II. n. Native or inhabitant of 

Alaska. 
ALATE (a'lat), a. Bot. Fur- 
nished with wings or parts 

resembling wings. [L. 

alatus; from ala, wing.] 
ALB (alb), n. Full-length 

ecclesiastical vestment of 

white linen. [From L. 

albus, white.] 
ALBA (alba), I. a. White, 

as in terra alba, a kind of 

white earth. II. n. Anat. 

White substance of the 

central nervous system. 

albus, white.] 
ALBANIA (al-ba'ni-a), n. 

District on west coast of 

Europe in Turkey. 
ALBANIAN (al-ba/ni-an), n. 

1. Native of Albania, a 

country in Western part 

of European Turkey. 2. 

Language of the Albanians. 
ALBANY (al'ba-ni). n. Cap- 
ital of New York State. 
ALB ATA (al-ba'ta), n. White 

alloy, of copper, nickel and 

zinc; German silver. [L.] 
ALBATROSS (al'ba- 

tros), n. Large, 

long-winged sea- 
bird, of the petrel 

family. [Sp. alba- 

troste.] 
ALBEIT (al-be'it), 

conj. Even though; 

n o t w i thstanding ; 

although. 

Alberta, (ai-bur'- 

ta), n. Province of 

Canada, east of British Columbia. 
ALBERT NyANZA (al'burt ni-an'za). 

in Central Africa, 100 m. long. 
ALBESCENCE (al-bes'ens), n. Process of grow- 
ing white. [From L. albescens, pr.p. of albesco, 

grow white.] 
ALBESCENT (al-bes'ent), a. Growing white or 

whitish. 
ALBINESS (al-bi'nes), n. Female albino. 
ALBINISM (al'bi-nizm), w. State or condition 

of being an albino. 
ALBINO (al-bi'no), n. [pi. ALBINOS (al-bi'- 

noz).] Person, animal or plant unnaturally 

white. [L. albus, white.] 
ALBUGINEOUS (al-bu-jin'e-us), a. Pertaining 




Albanian. 




Albatross (Diomedea exulans) . 



Lake 



to or of the nature of the white of the eye or 
of an egg. [From L. albugo, whiteness.] 

ALBU31 (al'bum), n. Book for the collection of 
portraits, autographs or the like. [L. albus, 
white.] 

ALBUB1EN (al-bu'men), n. 1. White of an 
egg. 2. Substance like white of egg, in 
animal and vegetable matter. 3. Chetn. 
Albumin. [L. albus, white.] 

ALBUMIN (al-bu'min), n. Chem. Thick, vis- 
cous substance that forms a constituent 
principle of plants and animals, and exists 
nearly pure in the white of an egg and the 
serum of the blood. 

ALBUMININ (al-bu'mi-nin,) n. Substance 
composing the cells of the tissue enclosing 
the whites of bird's eggs. 

ALBUMINIZE (al-bu'mi-niz), vt. [pr.p. 

ALBUMINIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALBUMI- 
NIZED (al-bu'min-izd).] 1. Change into al- 
bumin. 2. Coat or impregnate with albumin. 

ALBUMINOID (al-bu'mi-noid), I. a. Of or 
like albumin. II. n. One of several nitroge- 
nous principles occurring in the animal and 
vegetable tissues; proteid. 

ALBUMINOUS (al-bu'mi-nus), a. Pertaining 
to, or having the properties of albumin. 

ALBUQUERQUE (al-bo-ker'ke), n. Town in 
New 31exico, founded 17th century. 

ALBURNUM (al-bur'num), n. Bot. Sapwood 
of a tree or shrub. [From L. albus, white.] 

ALCADE, ALCAIDE, ALCAYDE (al-kad'), 
n. 1. Governor of a castle. 2. Warden of 
a prison. [Sp.] 

ALCAHEST (al'ka-hest), n. Same as ALKA- 
HEST. 

ALCALDE (al-kal'da), w. A judge or magis- 
trate. [Sp. — Ar. al, the, and kadi, judge.] 

ALCAZAR (al-ka'zar or al-ka'thar), n. 1. 
Fortress; palace; castle. 2. Naut. Quarter- 
deck. [Sp.] 

AlCESTIS (al-ses'tis), n. Greek Myth. Wife 
of Admetus; one of her father's murderesses; 
sacrificed herself for her husband; restored 
from Hades by Hercules. 

ALCHEMIC (al-kem'ic), a. Pertaining to or 
produced by alchemy. 

ALCHEMIST (al'ke-mist), n. One skilled in 
alchemy. 

ALCHEMY (al'ke-mi), n. Early name of 

chemistry. [Ar. al, the, and Mmia, secret, 
hidden.] 

AlCMENA (alk-me'na), n. Greek Myth. Mother 
of Hercules, by Zeus; wife of Amphitryon. 

ALCOHOL (al'ko-hol), n. Pure or highly recti- 
fied spirit, a liquid obtained from fermented 
saccharine solutions by distillation. (The 
intoxicating principle of all vinous and spirit- 
ous liquors.) [Ar. al, the, and kohH, fine powder 
of antimony, used for painting the eyebrows.] 

ALCOHOLIC (al-ko-hol'ik), a. Containing 

or of the nature of alcohol. 

ALCOHOLISM (al'ko-hol-izm), n. Diseased 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



^ 



y 



ALCOHOLIZE 



28 



ALIENATE 




condition caused by excessive use of alcoholic 
liquors. 

ALCOHOLIZE (al'ko-hol-iz), vt. [pr.p. AL- 
COHOLIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALCOHOLIZED 
(al'ko-hol-izd).] 1. Convert, into alcohol; 
rectify. 2. Impregnate with alcohol. 

ALCORAN, ALKORAN (al-ko-ran), n. The 
Koran. [Ar. al, the, and qoran, book.] 

ALCOVE (al'kov), n. Recess in a room; shady 
retreat. [Ar. al, the, and quobbah, chamber.] 

Alcyone (ai-sio-ne), Halcyone (hai- 

ci'o-ne),n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Aeolus; 

her husband, Ceyx, was drowned and she 

threw herself into the sea; both of them 

were changed into birds. 
ALDEHYDE (aide-hid), n. Limpid, volatile 

liquid, of a suffocating odor, formed by the 

oxidation of ethyl alcohol. [ALCOHOL, L. 

tie, from, and HYDROGEN.] 
ALDER (alder), n. Small 

tree of the genus Alnus 

usually growing in 

moist ground. [A. S. 

aler.] 
ALDER 31 AN (alder- 
man), n. [pi. AL'DER- 

MEN.] Municipal legis- 
lator; member of a city 

council, representing a 

ward. [A. S. ealder, 

older, and man, man.] 
ALDER3IANCY (alder- 
man-si), n. Office of 

an alderman. 
ALDERMANIC (al-der-man'ik), a. 

an alderman, or to his office. 
ALDERNEY (al'der-ni), n. One of a breed of 

cattle commonly called Jersey cattle. [From 

Alderney, one of the Channel Islands.] 
ALE (al), n. Liquor made from malt dried at 

low heat. [A. S. ealu, beer.] 
ALECTO (a-lek'to), n. Greek Myth. One of 

the three Furies; depicted with flaming torches 

and serpents instead of hair, and supposed to 

breed pestilence. 
ALEE (a-le'), adv. Naut. At the lee side. 
ALEMBIC (a-lem'bik), n. Apparatus formerly 

used in distillation, made of glass, metal, or 

earthenware. [Ar. al, the, and ambiq, still.] 
ALEPPO (a-lep'6), n. Town in Asiatic Turkey. 
ALERT (a-lSrt'), a. 1. Ready to act quickly; 

on the lookout; watchful; vigilant. 2. 

Nimble; brisk. [Fr. alerte; from It. all* erta, 

on the watch.] 

SYN. Ready; prepared. ANT. Unprepared. 
ALERT (a-lerf), n. 1. Mil. Sudden attack or 

warning of it. 2. Watchful attitude. — On 

the alert, on the lookout. 
ALERTLY (a-lert'li), a. In an alert manner. 
ALERTNESS (a-lert'nes), n. Quality of being 

alert. 

Aleutian (a-iushi-an) Islands. Group s. 

E., and part, of Alaska. 



Alder. 



Pertaining to 



ALEXANDRIA (al-eg-zan'dri-a), n. City in 

Egypt, founded 332 B. C. by Alexander the 

Great. 
ALEXANDRINE (al-egz-an'drin), n. Iambic 

verse of twelve syllables, first used in a French 

poem on Alexander the Great. 
ALEXIPHARMIC (a-leks-i-far'mik), I. a. Act- 
ing as an antidote. II. n. Antidote against 

poison. [Gr. alexipharmakos ; alexo, ward 

off, and pharmakon, poison.] 
ALFALFA (al-fal'fa), n. Bot. Valuable forage 

grass (Medicago sativa)', lucern. [Sp. Am.] 
ALGA (al'ga), n. [pi. ALGAE (al'je).] Bot. 

Plant of the genus A Igw; seaweed. [L.] 
Alg^E (al'je), n.pl. Bot. Division of flowerless 

plants, including the seaweeds, confervae, etc. 

[L., pi. of alga, seaweed.] 
ALGEBRA (al'je-bra), n. Science and art of 

calculating by means of a highly systematized 

notation; generalized arithmetic. [Ar. a?, the, 

and jabr, combination.] 
ALGEBRAIC (al-je-bra'ik), ALGEBRAICAL 

(al-je-bra'i-kal), a. 1. Pertaining to algebra. 

2. Taking signs into account. 
ALGEBRAICALLY (al-je-bra'i-kal-i), adv. As 

in algebra. 
ALGEBRAIST (al'je-bra-ist), w. Person versed 

in algebra. 
ALGERIA (al-je'ri-a), n. French colony in N. 

Africa. Area, 184,474 sq. m. Capital, Algiers. 

Algerian (ai-je'ri-an), 

I. a. Pertaining to Algiers 

or to Algeria. II. n. In- 
habitant of Algeria, in 

North Africa. 
ALGID (al'jid), a. Chilly; 

cold. [L. algidus; from 

algeo, be cold.] 
ALGOID (al'goid), a. Of or 

resembling algae. 
ALGOUS (al'gus), a. Per- 
taining to, resembling or 

abounding with seaweed. 
ALIAS (a'li-as), I. adv. Otherwise. II. n. [pi. 

ALIASES (a'li-as-es).] Assumed name. [L.] 
ALIBI (al'i-bi), n. Plea that the accused was 

elsewhere when the crime was committed. 

[L.=elsewhere.] 
ALIBLE (al'i-bl), 

[L. alibilis; alo, 




Algerian. 



nutritive. 



a. Nourishing; 
nourish.] 

ALIDADE (al'i-dad), n. Arm movable over a 
graduated circle, carrying an index or a ver- 
nier. [Ar. al, the, and adud, arm.] 

ALIEN (al'yen or a'li-en), I. a. Foreign; of 
another country. II. n. Foreigner. [L. alienus; 
from alius, other.] 

ALIENABILITY (al-yen-a-bil'i-ti), n. Capabil- 
ity of being alienated. 

ALIENABLE (alyen-a-bl), a. Capable of being 
alienated. 

ALIENAGE (al'yen-aj), n. State of being alien 
or alienated. 

ALIENATE (al'yen-at), vt. [pr.p. A'LIENATING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ALIENATION 



29 



ALL 



p.t. and p.p. A'LIENATED.] 1. Transfer to 
another, as a right or title. 2. Make indif- 
ferent or averse; estrange. [From L. alienatus, 
p.p. of alieno. See ALIEN.] 

SYN. Surrender; separate. ANT. Secure; 
conciliate. 

ALIENATION (al'yen-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
alienating or state of heing alienated. 2. 
Estrangement. 3. Law. Transfer of title 
to property. 4. Mental derangement; in- 
sanity. 

ALIENATOR (al'yen-a-tur), n. One who 
alienates. 

ALIENEE (al-yen-e'), n. One to whom a right 
is transferred. 

ALIENISM (al'yen-izm), n. 1. State of being 
an alien. 2. Study and treatment of mental 
diseases. 

ALIENIST (al'yen-ist), ». One skilled in the 
treatment of mental diseases. 

ALIENOR (al'yen-ur), n. One who alienates or 
transfers his property to another. 

ALIFORM (al'i-farm), a. Shaped like a wing. 
[L. ala, wing, and FORM.] 

ALIGHT (a-lit), vi. [pr.p. ALIGHT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALIGHT'ED.] 1. Settle upon. 2. Dis- 
mount; descend. 3. Happen on; meet with. 
[See LIGHT, vt.] 

ALIGN, ALIGNMENT. See ALINE, ALINE- 
MENT. 

ALIKE (a-lik'), I. a. On the same model. II. adv. 
In like manner; equally. [A. S. onlic; on, on, 
and lie. See LIKE.] 

ALIMENT (al'i-ment), n. 1. Nourishment; 
food. 2. The necessaries of life. [From L. 
alimentum ; alo, nourish.] 

ALIMENT AL (al-i-men'tal), a. Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, aliment; nutritious. 

ALIMENTARY (al-i-men'ta-ri), a. Pertaining 
to nutrition; furnishing or conveying aliment. 
— Alimentary canal, entire digestive passage 
from the mouth to the anus. 

ALIMENTATION (al-i-men-ta'shun), n. Act 
or process of supplying, or receiving and as- 
similating food. 

ALIMENTIVENESS (al-i-men'tiv-nes), n. 1. 
The desire for food. 2. Phren. The faculty 
of desire for food. 

ALIMONY (al'i-mo-ni), n. Portion of husband's 
estate or income allowed to wife on legal 
separation. [L. alimonia; from alo, nourish.] 

ALINE, ALIGN (a-lin'), v. [pr.p. ALINING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALINED (a-lind').] I* vt. Adjust 
to, or arrange in, a line. II. vi. Fall in line; 
line up. [Fr. aligner; from L. ad, to, and 
linea, line.] 

ALINE MENT, ALIGNMENT ( a-lin 'ment), n. 1. 
Act of alining or state of being alined. 2. Line 
of adjustment. 3. Engin. Ground-plan of a 
road or earthwork. 

ALINER, ALIGNER (a-li'ner), n. One who 
alines. 

ALIPED (al'i-ped), I. a. With a wing-mem- 



brane connecting the digits, as a bat. II. n. 
Wing-footed animal. [L. ala, wing, and pes, 
pedis, foot.] 

ALIQUANT (al'i-kwant), a. Math. Dividing, 
but not without a remainder; thus, 5 is an 
aliquant part of 16. [L. ali, any, and quantus, 
how great.] 

ALIQUOT (al'i-kwot), a. Math. Dividing with- 
out a remainder; thus, 5 is an aliquot part of 
15. [L. ali, any, and quot, how many.] 

ALIVE (a-Hv'), a. 1. Having life; not dead; 
living; in existence. 2. In operation; in 
action; unexpired. 3. Keenly attentive or 
susceptible, as to one's interest or to pain. 
4. Swarming, as with insects. [A. S. on life, 
in life.] 

SYN. Existing; existent; subsisting; 
breathing; animate; vivacious; quick; 
alert. ANT. Dead; defunct; lifeless; inan- 
imate; dull; inactive. 

ALKAHEST (al'ka-hest), w. Supposed universal 
solvent Of the alchemists. [A word made up, 
probably, by Paracelsus.] 

ALKAHESTIC (al-ka-hes'tik), a. Pertaining to 
the alkahest. 

ALKALESCENCE (al-ka-les'ens), ALKALES- 
CENCY(al-ka-les'ens-i),n. State of becoming 
alkaline, or the tendency to do so. 

ALKALESCENT (al-ka-les'ent), a. Having a 
tendency to become alkaline. 

ALKALI (al'ka-li or al'ka-li), n. [pi. AL'KALIS or 
AL'KALIES.] Substance which neutralizes 
acids, combines with fats to make soap, etc., 
like potash, soda, ammonia, etc. [Ar. al, the, 
and qali, ashes of.] 

ALKALIFIABLE (al'ka-li-fi-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being converted into an alkali. 

ALKALIFY (al'ka-li-fi), v. [pr.p. AL'KALIFY- 
ING; p.*. and p.p. ALKALIFIED (al'ka-li -fid).] 
I. vt. Convert into an alkali. II. vi. Pass 
into the state of an alkali; become alkaline. 

ALKALIGENOUS (al-ka-lij'e-nus), a. Generat- 
ing or producing an alkali. [ALKALI, and Gr. 
gennao, produce.] 

ALKALINE (al'ka-lin), a. Having the properties 
of alkali. 

ALKALIZATION (al-ka-li-za'shun), n. Act of 
alkalizing or state of being alkalized. 

ALKALIZE (alka-liz), vt. [pr.p. ALKALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. ALKALIZED (al'ka-lizd).] Ren- 
der alkaline. 

ALKALOID (al'ka-loid), I. a. Resembling an 
alkali in properties. II. n. Alkaline principle 
of a plant, as morphine, quinine, etc. 

ALKALOID AL (al-ka-loi'dal), o. Alkaloid. 

ALKARAZZA (al-ka-raz'a), n. Earthenware 
made of clay and sawdust; used in the tropics 
for cooling liquids. [Sp.-Am.] 

ALKORAN (al-ko-ran'), n. See ALCORAN. 

ALL (al), I. a. Whole of; every particle of; 
whole extent; entire duration of. II. adv. 
Wholly; completely; entirely. III. n. Whole; 
entire number; total. [A. S. eal, all.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch lock. 



ALLA BREVE 



30 



ALLOCATE 



ALLA BREVE (alia bra'va). Music. 2/2 time. 
. [It-] 

ALLAH (al'a), n. Name of God amongst the 
Mohammedans. [Ar. al, the, and ilah, God.] 

ALLANTOIC (al-an-to'ik), a. Pertaining to, or 
divided from, the allantois. 

ALLANTOID (al-lan'toid), a. Pertaining to the 
allantois. 

ALLANTOIS (al-lan'to-is), n. Membranous sac- 
like appendage of the embryos of mammals, 
birds and reptiles. [Gr. alias, sausage, and 
ehlos, form.] 

ALLAY (al-la), r. [pr.p. ALLAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ALLAYED (al-lad').] I. vt. 1. Make 
calm; lay to rest. 2. Alleviate; mitigate. II. vi. 
Abate; subside. [A. S. alecgan, lessen. See 
LAY, t\] 

SYN. Quiet; soothe; compose; pacify; 
appease; assuage; soften; tranquilize; mod- 
erate; check; mollify; palliate; repress. 
ANT. Excite; rouse; aggravate; stir; kindle; 
fan; impassion J provoke; incite. 

ALLEGATION (al-e-ga'shun), n. Affirmation; 
plea; assertion. [See ALLEGE.] 

ALLEGATOR (al-e-ga'tur), n. One who alleges. 

ALLEGE (al-lej'), vt. [pr.p. ALLEG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ALLEGED (al-lejd').] 1. Assert to be 
true or provable; affirm; declare. 2. Bring 
forth as a material fact; plead, as an excuse. 
[L.L. adlegio, clear.] 

SYN. Declare; affirm; aver; asseverate; 
cite; adduce; advance; predicate. ANT. 
Contradict; deny; gainsay; refute; disprove. 

ALLEGEABLE ( al-lej 'a-bl), a. That may be 
alleged. 

ALLEGHANY (al'e-ga-ni), n. Range of moun- 
tains in Pennsylvania, Maryland, W. Virginia 
and Virginia. 

ALLEGHENY (al'e-gen-i), n. City in Pennsyl- 
vania. 

ALLEGIANCE (al-le'jans), n. 1. Tie or obli- 
gation of a subject to his sovereign or of a 
citizen to his government. 2. Fealty; fidel- 
ity; loyalty; devotion. [L. ad, to, and ligo, 
bind.] 

ALLEGORIC (al-e-gor'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
resembling, or containing an allegory. 

ALLEGORICAL (al-e-gor'i-kal), a. Allegoric. 

ALLEGORICALLY (al-e-gor'i-kal-i), adv. In 
an allegorical manner. 

ALLEGORIST (al'e-go-rist), n. One who alle- 
gorizes. 

ALLEGORIZE (al'e-go-riz), v. [pr.p. AL'LE- 
GORIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALLEGORIZED 
(al'e-go-rizd).] I. vt. Convert into allegory; 
treat as allegoric. II. vi. Use allegory; speak 
or write allegorically. 

ALLEGORY (al'e-go-ri), n. [pi. AL'LEGO- 
RIES.] Figurative speech or story; symbolic 
representation, whether by speech or other- 
wise. [Gr. alios, other, and agoreuO, speak.] 

SYN. Parable; fable; simile; metaphor. 
ANT. Chronicle; record; narrative; history. 



ALLEGRETTO (al-e-gret'6), a. In Music, 

less quick than allegro. [It.] 
ALLEGRO (al-le'gro), adv. In Music, sprightly; 

quick. [It.] 
ALLELUIA, ALLELUIAH (al-e-lo'ya), n. and 

inter j. See HALLELUIAH. 
ALLEVIATE (al-le'vi-at), vt. [pr.p. ALLE'VI- 

ATING; p.t. and p.p. ALLEVIATED.] 1. 

Render less hard to bear, as a sorrow or 

pain. 2. Represent as less grave. [L.L. 

alleviatus, p.p. of allevio; from L. allevo; ad, 

to, and levis, light.] 

SYN. Assuage; allay; abate; mitigate; 

moderate; palliate; soften. See ABATE. 

ANT. Augment; intensify; aggravate; in- 
crease; embitter; exasperate. 
ALLEVIATION (al-le-vi-a'shun), n. 1. Act 

of alleviating or state of being alleviated. 

2. That which alleviates. 
ALLEVIATIVE (al-le'vi-a-tiv), I. a. Suitable 

to alleviate; palliative; extenuating. II. n. 

That which alleviates. 
ALLEVIATOR (al-le'vi-a-tur), n. One who or 

that which alleviates. 
ALLEVIATORY (al-le'vi-a-to-ri), a. Tending 

to alleviate; alleviative. 
ALLEY (al'i), n. Narrow passage. [Fr. allee, 

a passage.] 
ALL FOOLS' DAY. First day of April. 
ALL-FOURS (al-forz'), n. Game of cards. — 

On all fours, on hands and feet. 

All-hallows (ai-hai'oz), n. ah Saints' 

day, November 1st. 

ALLIANCE (al-li'ans), n. 1. Union by treaty, 
or marriage, etc. 2. Persons or states so 
united. [Fr. See ALLY.] 

SYN. League; federation; brotherhood; 
bond; confederacy; affinity; coalition; 
compact; confederation. ANT. Disunion; 
separation; secession; antagonism; hos- 
tility. 

ALLIED (al-lid'), a. 1. Bound together in a 
league, or united in marriage. 2. Related 
to by affinity; akin to. 

ALLIGATION (al-i-ga'shun), n. Arith. Method 
of finding the proportions or price of in- 
gredients in a mixture. [L. ad, to, and lego, 
bind.] 

ALLIGATOR (al'i-ga- 
tur), n. American 
crocodile. (Sp. el, the, 
and lagarto, lizard.] 

ALLISSION (al-lizh'un), 
n. Act of dashing vio- 
lently against. 

ALLITERATION (al-lit-er-a'shun),n. Beginning 
of several words with the same letter. [L. 
ad, to, and littera, letter.] 

ALLITERATIVE (al-lit'er-a-tiv), a. Charac- 
terized by alliteration. 

ALLOCATE (al'6-kat), vt. [pr.p. ALLOCATING; 
p.t. and p.p. AL'LOCATED.] 1. Set apart 
as a share or in shares; allot. 2. Fix the 




Alligator (A . Mississippi- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch aude; oil. owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



ALLOCATION 



31 



ALMIGHTY 



locality of; locate. [From L.L. allocatus, 
p.p. of alio co ; ad, to, and loco, place.] 

ALLOCATION (al-6-ka'shun), n. Allotment; 
allowance made upon an account. 

ALLOCATUR (al'6-ka-tur), n. Law. A court's 
endorsement allowing a writ or order. [L.] 

ALLOCUTION (al-6-ku'shun), n. 1. Formal 
address. 2. Act or manner of speaking to 
or addressing. [L. ad, to, and loquor, speak.] 

ALLODIAL (al-16'di-al), a. Law. Held as al- 
lodium; not feudal. 

ALLODIUM (al-lo'di-um), n. Law. Freehold 
estate; land which is the absolute property 
of the owner without being subject to any 
rent. [L. L.] 

ALLONYM (al'o-nim), n. 1. False name; 
pseudonym. 2. Book published under a 
false name. [Gr. alios, other, and onyma, 
name.] 

ALLOPATH (al'o-path), ALLOPATHIST (al- 
lop'o-thist), n. One who practices allopathy. 

ALLOPATHIC (al-o-path'ik), a. Pertaining to 
allopathy. 

ALLOPATHY (al-lop'a-thi), n. Method of 

treating disease by the production of a con- 
dition of the system different from, or in- 
compatible with, the condition essential to 
the disease to be cured; opposed to HOME- 
OPATHY. [Gr. alios, 
feeling or suffering.] 

ALLOT (al-lot), vt. [pr.p. 
and p.p. ALLOT'TED.] 
by lot; apportion. [Fr. alloter.] 

ALLOTMENT (al-lot'ment), n. 1. Act of allot- 
ting; distribution; assignment. 2. That which 
is allotted; portion; share. 

ALLOW (al-low'), v. [pr.p. ALLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALLOWED (al-lowd').] I. vt, 1. 
Permit; sanction; tolerate. 2. Grant; give, 3. 
Admit; acknowledge. 4. Deduct. II. vi. 
Make allowance; abate in selling. [Fr. 
allouer — L. ad, to, and laudo, praise.] 

SYN. Concede; ratify; suffer; license; 
authorize. See PERMIT. ANT. Disallow; 
forbid; deny; reject. 

ALLOWABLE (al-low'a-bl), a. Not objection- 
able; admissible. 

ALLOWABLENESS (al-low'a-bl-nes), w. Qual- 
ity of being allowable. 

ALLOWABLY (al-low'a-bli), adv. In an allow- 
able manner. 

ALLOWANCE (al-low'ans), n. 1. Grant; ac- 
ceptance. 2. Sanction; tolerance. 3. De- 
duction; abatement. 4. Allotment. 

ALLOWANCE (al-low'ans), vt. [pr.p. ALLOW- 
ANCING; p.t. and p.p. ALLOWANCED (al- 
low'anst).] Limit as to amount; supply in 
limited quantity. 

ALLOY (al-loi'), vt. [pr.p. ALLOY'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALLOYED (al-loid').] 1. Combine 
by mixing, as metals. 2. Reduce in purity 
by admixture; debase. [Fr. aloyer; from L. 
ad, to, and ligo, bind.] 



other, and pathos, 

ALLOT'TING; p.t. 
Parcel out; bestow 



ALLOY (al-loi), n. 1. Mixture of metals. 2. 
Baser metal mixed with a finer. 3. Good 
mixed with evil. 

ALLOYAGE (al-loi'aj), n. Art of properly mix- 
ing metals, especially in minting. 

ALL-ROUND (al'rownd), a. 1. Including the 
whole range. 2. Many-sided; versatile. 

ALL SAINTS' DAY. First day of November. 

ALL SOULS' DAY. Second day of November. 

ALLSPICE (al'spis), n. Jamaica pepper, the 
berry of the pimento. 

ALLUDE (al-16d), vt. [pr.p. ALLU'DING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALLU'DED.] Refer to indirectly. 
[L. ad, to, and ludo, play.] 

SYN. Advert; mention; refer. 

ALLURE (al-lor'), vt. [pr.p. ALLUR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALLURED (al-lord').] Attract by 
the prospect of advantage or pleasure; entice; 
tempt. [See LURE.] 

SYN. Induce; decoy; lure; invite; In- 
veigle. ANT. Dissuade; repel; warn. 

ALLUREMENT (al-lor'ment), n. 1. Act of 
alluring. 2. That which allures; lure; bait; 
charm. 

ALLUSION (al-Io'zhun), n. Indirect reference; 
hint; suggestion. [L. allusio.] 

ALLUSIVE (al-lo'siv), a. Hinting at; referring 
to indirectly. 

ALLUSIVELY (al-lo'siv-li), adv. In an allusive 
manner. 

ALLUVIAL (al-lo'vi-al), a. Deposited by water; 
pertaining to alluvium. 

ALLUVION (al-lo'vi-un), n. 1. Earth deposited 
by a river or flood. 2. An overflowing; flood. 
3. A washing of water against a shore or 
bank. [L. alluvio, an overflowing.] 

ALLUVIUM (al-lo'vi-um), n. [pi. ALLU'VIA.] 
Earth washed down and deposited by water. 
[L., properly neuter of alluvius; from alluo, 
wash upon.] 

ALLY (al-li'), vt. [pr.p. ALLY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ALLIED (al-lid').] 1. Unite by marriage 
or treaty. 2. Connect through some relation- 
ship or interest. [Fr. oilier; from L. alligo; 
ad, to, and ligo, bind.] 

ALLY (al-li'), n. [pi. ALLIES'.] 1. Person 
bound to another by kinship or marriage. 2. 
State bound to another by league or treaty. 

ALMA MATER (al'ma mater). The college or 
university at which one has been educated. 
[L., fostering mother.] 

ALMANAC (al'ma-nak), n. Book with a calen- 
dar of months, weeks, days, etc. [Ar. al, the, 
and manakh, calendar.] 

ALMIGHTILY (al-mit'i-li), adv. In an al- 
mighty manner. 

ALMIGHTINESS (al-mit'i-nes), n. Infinite 
power. 

ALMIGHTY (al-mit'i), I. a. 1. Having un- 
limited power; omnipotent. 2. Very great; 
enormous. II. n. [A-] The Creator; God. 
[A. S. ealmihtig; from eal, all, and mihtig, 
mighty.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



> 



ALMOND 



32 



ALTAR-PIECE 



ALMOND (a'mund), n. 
1. Fruit of the al- 
mond tree, or the 
tree itself. 2. Any- 
thing shaped like an 
almond, as a tonsil. 
[O. Fr. almende.] 

ALMONER (al'mun-er), 
n. Distributer of alms. 

ALMONRY (al'mun-ri), 
n. Place where alms 
are distributed. 

ALMOST (al'most), adv. 
Nearly; well nigh; for 
the greatest part. 

ALMS (amz), 




Almond (Prunus com- 
munis). 

[ALL and MOST.] 

sing, and pi. Gratuitous gift 




to the poor; charity. [M. L. elimosina; 

A. S. celmysse, from the Greek eleos, pity.] 
ALMSHOUSE (amz'hows), n. Poorhouse. 
AlNUS (al'nus), n. Bot. Genus of small trees 

of the oak family; the alders. [L., alder.] 
ALOE (al'o-e), n. Bot. Genus of plants of the 

lily family, of warm countries of the Old 

World. [Gr. aloe, aloe.] 
ALOE (al'6), n. Bot. Plant of the 

genus Aloe. — American aloe, 

century plant (Agave ameri- 

cana). 
ALOES (al'oz), n. sing, and pi. 

Med. Cathartic, bitter dried 

juice of the leaves of several 

species of the genus Aloe. 
ALOETIC (al-o-et'ik), a. Of, 

like, or~derived from the aloe 

or aloes. 
ALOFT (a-laft), adv. 1. In or to 

a higher place; on high; above. 

2. Naut. At the masthead or 

In the upper rigging. [From 

Ice. a, loft, in the air.] 
ALOGIA (al-6'ji-a), n. Inability to speak as a 

result of lesion of nerve substance. [Gr. a 

priv. and logos, word.] 
ALONE (a-16n'), a. 1. By one's self; 

companied. 2. Peerless; unequaled. 

and ONE.] 
ALONG (a-lang'), I. adv. Lengthwise; onward 

in time or space. II. prep. The length of. 

[A. S. andlang.] 
ALONGSHORE (a-lang'shor), adv. Along the 

shore. 
ALONGSIDE (a-lang'sid), adv. By the side; 

side by side. 
ALOOF (a-lof), adv. At a safe distance; apart. 
ALOPECIA (al-o-pe'si-a), n. Loss of hair in 

spots; baldness. [Gr.] 
ALOUD (a-lowd'), adv. 1. Audibly. 2. With 

a loud voice; loudly. 
ALP (alp), n. 1. High mountain. 2. [pi.] [A-] 

The lofty mountain range of central Europe. 

[L. Alpes, the Alps.] 
ALPACA (al-pak'a), n. 1. Zool. Species of 

llama (Auchenia pacos) having long fine 



Aloe ( Aloe 
vulgaris). 



unac- 
[ALL 



wool, found in Peru. 2. Its wool. 3. Kind 
of thin cloth made from the wool. [Sp. 
from Ar. al, the, and paco, Peruvian name of 
the animal.] 

ALPENGLOW (al'pen-glo), n. Rosy glow of 
snow peaks, as seen in the Alps at sunrise or 
sunset. 

ALPENHORN (al'pen-harn), n. Long powerful 
horn, used chiefly by Alpine cowherds. 

ALPENSTOCK (al'pen-stok), n. Iron-pointed 
staff used in ascending the Alps or other 
mountains. 

ALPHA (al'fa), n. 1. First letter of the Greek 
alphabet. 2. First or beginning. 3. The 
brightest star in a constellation. 

ALPHABET (al'fa-bet), n. 1. Letters of a 
language. 2. First principles. [Gr. alpha, 
a, and oeta, b.] 

ALPHABET (al'fa-bet), vt. [pr.p. ALPHA- 

BETING; p.t. and p.p. AL'PHABETED.] 
Arrange in alphabetical order; indicate by 
means of the alphabet; alphabetize. 

ALPHABETARIAN (al-fa-be-ta'ri-an), ft. One 
engaged in learning the alphabet. 

ALPHABETIC (al-fa-bet'ik), a. 1. Pertaining 
to the alphabet. 2. Having" an alphabet. 
3. Alphabetical. 

ALPHABETICAL (al-fa-bet'ik-al), a. 1. Ar- 
ranged in the same order as the letters of the 
alphabet. 2. Furnished with an alphabet. 

ALPHABETICALLY (al-fa-bet'ik-al-i), adv. In 
the order in which the letters of the alphabet 
stand. 

ALPHABETICS (al-fa-bet'iks), n. Science of 
representing languages by written characters. 

ALPHABETIZE (alfa-bet-iz), vt. [pr.p. AL'- 
PHABETIZING; p.t. and p.p. ALPHABET- 
IZED (al'fa-bet-izd).] 1. Arrange alphabet- 
ically. 2. Express by means of letters of the 
alphabet. 

ALPHEUS (al-fe'us), n. Greek Myth. River 
used by Hercules to clean the Augean stables. 

ALPINE (al'pin), a. 1. Of, pertaining to, or 
inhabiting the Alps. 2. [a-] Lofty; towering. 

ALPS (alps), n.pl. Mountain range running 
through central Europe. 

ALREADY (al-red'i), adv. Now; up to this 
time; so soon. [ALL and READY.] 

ALSACE-LORRAINE (al-sas-lor-ran'),n. Divi- 
sion of German Empire, ceded by France in 
1871. Area 5,600 sq. m. 

ALSO (al'so), adv. Likewise; in addition. [ALL 
and SO.] 

ALT (alt), a and n. Music. 
High; high part; alto. [L. 
altus, high.] 

ALTAR (alter), n. 1. Place 
for sacred offerings. 2. 

Communion table. [L. al- 
tus, high.] 

ALTAR-PIECE (al'tar-pes), n. 

Picture or bas-relief over I -, nV-:, ■', - 1 
and behind the altar; reredos. Greek Altar. 







fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; nrite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' N 



ALTER 



33 



ALUNITE 






ALTER (al'ter), v. [pr.p. AL'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. ALTERED (al'terd).] I. vt. Make 
a change in; modify; vary. II. vi. Become 
changed or modified. [L.L. altero; from L. 
alter, other.] 

SYN. Change; shift; transmute; qual- 
ify. ANT. Continue; persist; maintain. 

ALTER ABILITY (al-ter-a-bil'i-ti), n. Liability 
to change. 

ALTERABLE (al'ter-a-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing altered or changed. 

ALTERABLY (al'ter-a-bli), adv. In an alter- 
able manner. 

ALTERANT (al'ter-ant), I. a. Producing 
change. II. n. 1. Anything that causes a 
gradual change. 2. Med. An alterative. 

ALTERATION (al-ter-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
altering or state of being altered; modifica- 
tion. 2. Result of being altered; effected 
change. 

ALTERATIVE (al'ter-a-tiv), I. a. Having the 
power to alter. II. n. Medicine that re- 
stores the healthy functions of the body. 

ALTERCATE (al'ter-kat), vi. Contend in words. 
[L. alter cor, wrangle.] 

ALTERCATION (al-ter-ka'shun), n. Heated 
controversy; angry dispute; squabble; wrangle. 

ALTERN (al'tern), a. Alternately arranged. 
[L. altemus; from alter, other.] 

ALTERNATE (al-ter'nat), I. a. 1. Being or 
occurring by turns; reciprocal; one after 
another in regular order. 2. Bot. Having 
only one branch or leaf from each node, 
arranged at equal intervals. 3. Every other; 
every second one. II. n. 1. That which 
occurs by turns. 2. One designed to take 
the place of another in case of failure to act. 
[L. alternatus, p.p. of alterno; alter, other.] 

ALTERNATE (al'ter-nat), v. [pr.p. ALTER- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. ALTERNATED.] I. 
vt. Perform by turns; cause to succeed by 
turns. II. vi. Follow reciprocally; happen 
or vary by turns. — Alternating current. Elec. 
Current that rapidly passes back and forward 
periodically from the positive to the negative 
direction, in contrast to the continuous 
current. 

ALTERNATELY (al-ter'nat-li), adv. By turns; 
"turn about." 

ALTERNATION (al-ter-na'shun), n. 1. Recip- 
rocal succession. 2. Passage to another place 
and back again. 3. Math. Permutation. 
4. Bed. Responsive service of a liturgy. 

ALTERNATIVE (al-ter'na-tiv), I. a. Pertaining 
to either one of two things, excluding the 
other. II. n. Choice between two things; 
one of two things. 

ALTERNATIVELY (al-ter'na-tiv-li), adv. In 
an alternative manner. 

ALTERN ATI VENESS (al-ter'na-tiv-nes), n. 
Quality of being alternative. 

ALTERNATOR (al'ter-na-tur), n. Alternating 
current dynamo. 



ALTHAEA (al-the'a), n. Greek Myth. Daugh- 
ter of Thestius and wife of King OEneus of 
Calydon. Had three children, Tydeus, 
3Ieleager and Deianeira. 

ALTHING (al'ting), n. Legislative assembly of 
Iceland. [Ice.; from allr, all, and thing, 
court.] 

ALTHOUGH (al-ffto'), conj. Admitting; not- 
withstanding; even if. [See THOUGH.] 

ALTIMETER (al-tim'e-ter), n. Instrument 

for measuring alititudes trigonometrically. 
[L. altus, high, and Gr. metron, measure.] 

ALTIMETRY (al-tim'e-tri), n. Art of meas- 
uring heights trigonometrically. 

ALTISCOPE (al'ti-skop), n. Device consisting 
of a telescopic tube having a right angle at 
the top and a reverse right angle at the bottom, 
with mirrors arranged at these points, so as 
to enable one to see over a wall, etc. [L. 
altus, high, and Gr. skopeo, see.] 

ALTISSIMO (al-tis'i-mo), a. Music. Highest 
score of notes in music. [It. altissimo, superl. 
of alto, high.] 

ALTITUDE (al'ti-tud), n. Height. [L. altus, 
high.] 

ALTO (al'to),n. Music. 1. Originally, the highest 
part sung by males ; now, the part sung by the 
lowest female voices. 2. Alto singer. [It. 
— L. altus, high.] 

ALTOGETHER (al-to-geffc'er), adv. All to- 
gether; wholly; completely; without exception. 

ALTO-RILIE VO (al-to-re-lya'vo), n. High relief; 
figures that project half or more from the 
surface on which they are sculptured. [It. 
alto, high. See RELIEF.] 

ALTRUiSM (al'tro-izm), n. Principle of living 
and acting for the interest of others. 

ALTRUIST (al'trd-ist), n. Believer in altruism. 

ALTRUISTIC (al-tro-is'tik), o. According to 
altruism. 

ALUDEL (al'0-del), n. Pear-shaped vessel 
used in subliming mercury. [O. Fr.] 

ALUM (arum), n. Common alum is a mineral 
salt, the double sulphate of aluminum and 
potash. It crystallizes easily in octahedrons, 
is soluble in water, has a sweetish-sour taste 
and is a powerful astringent. [L. alumen.] 

ALUMINA (a-16'mi-na), n. The oxide of alu- 
minum. 

ALUMINOUS (a-lo'mi-nus), a. Containing 
alumina. 

ALUMINUM (a-lo'mi-num), ALUMINIUM (a- 
lo'mm'i-um), n. Metal resembling silver, and 
remarkable for its lightness and resistance 
to oxidation. 

ALUMNA (a-lum'na), n. [pi. ALUM'N^.] 
Woman or girl graduate. [L.] 

ALUMNUS (a-lum'nus), n. [pi. ALUMNI (a- 
lum'ni).] Male graduate of a college. [L. 
alumnus, foster son; from alo, nourish.] 

ALUMNIATE (a-lum'ni-at),w. Period of pupilage. 

ALUNITE (al'u-Mt), n. Min. Boric sulphate of 
potassium and aluminum. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



> 



ALVEOLAR 



34 



AMBASSADOR 




ALVEOLAR (al've-6-lar or al-ve'o-lar), a. Anal. 
Pertaining to the alveoli, or sockets of the 
teeth. — Alveolar processes, cavities in which 
the teeth are fixed; alveoli. 

ALVEOLUS (al-ve'o-lus), n. [pi. ALVEOLI 
(al-ve'o-H).] Anat. One of the sockets in 
which the teeth are set, or other similar cavity. 
[L. dim. of alveus, cavity.] 

ALVINE (al'vin), a. Pertaining to or proceeding 
from the intestines. [From L. alvus, abdomen.] 

ALWAYS (al'waz), ALWAY (al'wa), adv. Con- 
tinually; forever; regularly; invariably. [ALL 
and WAY.] 

ALYPIN (al'i-pin), n. Anaesthetic drug recently 
discovered. 

ALYSSU3I (a-lis'um) t n. 
1. Genus of small plants 
bearing racemes of fra- 
grant bright white or 
yellow flowers. 2. [a-] 
Plant of this genus. [Gr. 
alysson; a priv. and 
lyssa, madness.] 

AM (am) v. First person, 
singular present indica- 
tive of BE. [A. S. com, 
am.] 

AMAIN (a-man'), adv. 
With sudden force; at 
full speed; at once. 

AMALGAM (a-mal'gam), 
n. Compound of mer- 
cury with another metal 
mixture. [Gr. malahos, soft.] 

AMALGAMATE (a-mal'ga-mat), v. [pr.p. A- 
MAL'GAMATING; p.t. and p.p. AMALGA- 
MATED.] I. vt. Mix with mercury; compound; 
combine; unite. II. vi. Combine in an 
amalgam; blend. 

AMALGAMATION (a-mal-ga-ma'shun), n. 
1. Act or process of forming an amalgam. 2. 
Union of elements, races, etc., in a homo- 
geneous whole. 

AMANUENSIS (a-man-ii-en'sis), n. One who 
writes to dictation; copyist; secretary. [L. 
ab, from, and manus, hand.] 

AMARANTH (am'a-ranth), n. 1. Plant of the 
genus Amaranthus, with flowers that last 
long without withering. 2. Imaginary 
flower that never fades. 3. Color border- 
ing on purple. [Gr. a priv. and root mar, 
wither.] 

AMARANTHINE (am-a-ran'thin), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or like the amaranth. 2. Unfading ; 
immortal. 3. Of a purplish color. 

AMARYLLIS (am-a-ril'is), n. Bot. Bulbous 
plant with large bright, lily-shaped flowers. 
[Gr. amarysso, sparkle.] 

AMASS (a-mas'), vt. [pr.p. AMASSING; p.t. 
and p.p. AMASSED (a-mast').] Collect in 
large quantity or amount; accumulate. [L. 
ad, to, and massa, a mass.] 

SYN. Herd; gather; aggregate; hoard; 



Alyssum. 
any compound or 



ANT. Disperse; dissipate; squander; scat- 
ter; spend; waste; distribute. 

AMASSMENT (a-mas'ment), n. Act or result 
of amassing; accumulation. 

AMATEUR (am-a-tiir'), n. One who culti- 
vates, practices any art, study, sport, etc., 
for the mere love of it, and not professionally. 
The term is sometimes used adjectively. [Fr. 
— L. amator, lover.] 

SYN. Dilettante; novice. ANT. Expert; 
adept; connoisseur. 

A3IATEURISH (am-a-tur'ish), a. Suggestive of 
an amateur or his work; unskillful; crude. 

AMATEURISHLY (am-a-tur'ish-li), adv. In 
the manner of an amateur. 

AMATEURISHNESS (am-a-tur'ish-nes), n. 
Quality of being amateurish. 

A3IATEURIS31 (am-a-tur'izm), n. State of 
being an amateur or amateurish. 

AMATIVE (am'a-tiv), a. Relating to love; amo- 
rous. [L. amatus, p.p. of amo, love.] 

AMATIVENESS (am'a-tiv-nes), n. Propensity 
to love; attraction between the sexes. 

AMATORIAL(am-a-to'ri-al),a. 1. Pertaining to 
love. 2. Causing love. 

AMATORY (am'a-to-ri), a. Relating to, or 
causing love; expressive of love. 

AMATRICE (am'a-tris), w. Gem stone recently 
discovered in Utah, consisting chiefly of va- 
riscite and chalcedony. 

AMAUROSIS (am-a-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Partial 
or total loss of sight, without any perceptible 
external change in the eye. [Gr. a priv. and 
mauros, dark.] 

AMAUROTIC (am-a-rot'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
of the nature of, or affected with amaurosis. 

AMAZE (a-maz'),t*. [pr.p. AMAZING; p.t. and 
p.p. AMAZED (a-mazd').] Confound with sur- 
prise or wonder; bewilder; astonish. [A- and 
MAZE.] j 

SYN. Stagger; astound; alarm; startle; 
dumfound; perplex. ANT. Expect; foresee. 

AMAZEMENT (a-maz'ment), n. 1. State of 
being amazed; bewilderment. 2. One who 
or that which amazes; wonder. 

SYN. Astonishment; surprise; awe; won- 
der. ANT. Composure; coolness; steadi- 
ness; calmness; tranquillity. 

AMAZING (a-maz'ing), a. Bewildering; won- 
derful. 

AMAZINGLY (a-maz'ing-li), adv. In an amaz- 
ing manner. 

AMAZON (am'a-zon), n. River in South 
America; over 3,500 m. long and 50 m. wide 
at mouth. 

AMAZON (am'a-zon), n. 1. One of a fabled na- 
tion of female warriors. 2. [A- or a-] Any 
female warrior; a mannish woman. 

AMAZONIAN (am-a-zd'ni-an), a. Of or like an 
Amazon; of masculine manners; warlike. 

AMB-, AMBI-, prefix. About; around; on both 
sides. [L. ambo, both.] 

AMBASSADOR (am-bas'a-dflr), n. Diplomatic 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



AMBASSADRESS 



35 



AMENABLE 



minister of the highest rank. [Fr. ambas- 
sadeur; from L. ambactus, servant.] 

A3IBASSADRESS (am-bas'a-dres), n. 1. Fe- 
male ambassador. 2. Wife of an ambassa- 
dor. 

AMBER (am'ber), I. n. Yellowish fossil resin. 
II. a. Consisting of or resembling amber. 
[Ar. aribar.] 

AMBERGRIS (am'ber-gris), w. Fragrant wax- 
like substance, of a gray color, found on the 
sea coast of warm countries, and in the intes- 
tines of the sperm whale. [AMBER, and Fr. 
gris, gray.] 

AMBIDEXTER (am-bi-deks'ter), I. o. Using 
both hands with equal facility; ambidextrous. 
II. n. 1. One who uses both hands with equal 
facility. 2. Double-dealer. [L. ambo, both, 
and dexter, right hand.] 

AMBIDEXTERITY (am-bi-deks-ter'i-ti), n. 1. 
Quality of being ambidextrous. 2. Duplicity; 
trickery. 

AMBIDEXTRAL (am-bi-deks'tral), a. Pertain- 
ing equally to the right or left side. 

AMBIDEXTROUS (am-bi-deks'trus), a. 1. 
Using both hands with equal ease. 2. Siding 
with both parties; double-dealing. 

AMBIDEXTROUSLY (am-bi-deks'trus-li), adv. 
In an ambidextrous manner. 

AMBIDEXTROUSNESS (am-bi-deks'trus-nes) , 
n. Ambidexterity. 

AMBIENT (am'bi-ent), a. Surrounding; cir- 
cling about. [L. ambi, about, and eo, go. 

AMBIGUITY (am-bi-gu'i-ti), n. [pi. AMBI- 
GUITIES.] 1. Uncertainty or doubleness of 
meaning. 2. Equivocal term. 

AMBIGUOUS (am-big'u-us), a. Of doubtful 
signification. [L. a mbiguus; from a mbi, around, 
and ago, drive.] 

SYN. Equivocal; dubious; uncertain; 
obscure; perplexing; indefinite. ANT. Clear; 
plain; lucid; distinct; unambiguous; une- 
quivocal; explicit; definite. 

AMBIGUOUSLY (am-big'u-us-li), adv. In an 
ambiguous manner. 

AMBIGUOUSNESS (am-big'u-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being ambiguous. 
. AMBITION (am-bish'un), n. 1. Desire for hon- 
or and power. 2. Desire for superiority or 
excellence. 3. Ruling passion or chief aim of 
one's life. [L. ambi, about, and eo, itum, go.] 

AMBITIOUS (am-bish'us), a. 1. Full of ambi- 
tion; desirous of power; aspiring. 2. Desir- 
ous of appearing superior; pretentious. 3. 
Characterized by ambition. 

AMBITIOUSLY (am-bish'us-li), adv. In an 
ambitious manner. 

AMBLE (am'bl), vi. [pr.p. AM'BLING; p.t. and 
p.p. AMBLED (am'bld).] 1. Move, ride, or 
walk, at an easy careless gait. 2. Move with 
an amble. [L. ambulo, walk.] 

AMBLE (am'bl), n. Gait of a quadruped in 
which both legs on the same side are moved 
at the same time. 




Ambulance. 



AMBLER (am'bler), n. One who or that which 
ambles. 

AMBROSIA (am-bro'zhi-a), n. Fabled food of 
the gods; delicious food. [Gr. a priv. and 
brotos, mortal.] 

AMBROSIAL (am-bro'zhi-al), a. 1. Of, per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, ambrosia. 2. 
Very delicious. 

AMBROTYFE (am'bro-tip), n. Photographic 
picture on glass, in which the lights are repre- 
sented in silver and the shades by a dark back- 
ground. [Gr. ambrotos, immortal, and TYPE.] 

AMBULANCE (am'bu- 
lans), n. Vehicle for 
conveying the sick and 
wounded to hospitals. 
[L. ambulo, walk.] 

AMBULANT (ambu- 

lant), a. Moving from 
place to place. 

AMBULATE (am'bu-lat), 
vi. [pr.p. AM'BULAT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. AM'- 
BULATED.] Move or walk about. 

AMBULATION (Am-bu-la'shun), n. Act of 
moving or walking about. 

AMBULATOR (am'bu-la-tur), n. 1. One who 
ambulates. 2. Velocipede propelled by push- 
ing the feet against the ground alternately. 

AMBULATORY (am'bu-la-to-ri), I. a. That 
has the power of walking; moving from place 
to place; formed for walking. II. n. Space in 
a building for walking. 

AMBUSCADE (am-bus-kad'), n. and v. Same 
as AMBUSH. 

AMBUSH (am'bosh), vi. [pr.p. AMBUSHING; 
p.t. and p.p. AMBUSHED (am'bosht).] 1. 
Lie in wait for. 2. Attack suddenly from a 
concealed position. [It. imbosco; im, in, and 
bosco, wood.] 

AMBUSH (am'bosh), n. Lying in wait to attack 
an enemy by surprise. 2. Place of hiding. 
3. Attack. 4. Troops in ambush. 

AMEER (a-mer'), n. Prince; ruler; emir. [Ar. 
amir.] 

AMELIORATE (a-me'li-o-rat), v. [pr.p. AME'- 
LIORATING; p.t. and p.p. AMELIORATED.] 
I. vt. Make better; improve. II. vi. Grow 
better. [L. ad, to, and melioro, make better.] 

AMELIORATION (a-me-li-o-ra'shun), n. 1. 
Act of ameliorating or state of being amelio- 
rated. 2. Result of ameliorating; improve- 
ment. 

AMELIORATIVE (a-me'li-o-ra-tiv), a. Tend- 
ing to ameliorate. 

AMEN (a-men' or, in music, a-men'), inter j. So 
let it be; would it were so. [Heb. amen, truly.] 

AMEN (a-men'), n. 1. The word amen at the 
end of a prayer. 2. Hearty consent or assev- 
eration. 

AMENABILITY (a-me-na-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being amenable; amenableness. 

AMENABLE (a-me'na-bl), a. 1. Liable or sub- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



— 



AMENABLENESS 



36 



AMMON 



Ject to. 2. Easy to govern; obedient. [L. ad, 
to, and mino, drive.] 

AMENABLENESS (a-me'na-bl-nes), w. Ame- 
nability. 

AMENABLY (a-mS'na-bli), adv. In an amena- 
ble manner. 

AMEND (a-mend'), v. [pr.p. AMENDING; p.t. 
and p.p. AMEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Improve by 
correcting faults or supplying deficiencies; 
rectify. 2. Alter or change as a motion, bill 
or law. II. vi. Grow better; reform. [L. 
emendo; from e, out of, and menda, fault.] 
SYN. Mend; emend; improve; better; 
repair; advance; correct; rectify; reform. 
ANT. Impair; blemish; deteriorate; degen- 
erate; aggravate; corrupt; debase; harm; 
injure; vitiate; mar; spoil. 

AMENDABLE (a-mend'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being amended. 

AMENDATORY (a-mend'a-to-ri), a. Tending 
to amend. 

AMENDE (a-mend' or a-mangd'), n. Recom- 
pense; reparation; penalty. — Amende hon- 
orable, public apology or reparation to an 
Injured party. 

AMENDMENT (a-mend'ment), n. 1. Altera- 
tion for the better; correction. 2. New part or 
alteration inserted or to be inserted into a 
motion, bill or law. 

AMENDS (a-mendz'), n.pl. Recompense for a 
loss; compensation. 

AMENITY (a-men'i-ti), n. [pi. AMEN'ITIES.] 
Pleasantness as regards situation, climate, 
manners, or disposition. [L. amoznus, pleas- 
ant.] 

AMENT (am'ent), n. Bot. Kind of inflorescence; 
catkin. 

AMENTACEOUS (am-en-ta'shus), a. Pertain- 
ing to, resembling, or possessing aments or 
catkins. 

AMENTIA (a-men'shi-a), n. Pathol. Partial or 
total lack of mental power; dementia. [L. 
o (for ah) from, and mens, mind.] 

AMERCE (a-mers'), vt. [pr.p. AMERCING; p.t. 
and p.p. AMERCED (a-merst').] Punish by a 
fine; mulct; deprive. [From O. Fr. amcr- 
eier; from d merci, at the mercy of.] 

AMERCEMENT (a-mers'- 
ment), n. 1. Act of 
amercing or state of being 
amerced. 2. Fine or 
penalty imposed. 

AMERICA (a-mer'i-ka), n. 
The western continent, 
North and South America. 

AMERICAN (a-mer'i-kan), 
I. a. Pertaining to Ameri- 
ca, especially to the United 
States. II. n. 1. Native of 
America. 2. Citizen of the Benjamin Franklin, 
United States. American states- 

AMERICANA (a-mpr-L man - diplomatist, 
. 7 ; ta-mer-i- and author Born 

ka -na), n.pl. Things 1706, died 1790. 




American; any collection of American phrases, 
doings, literary products, etc. 
AMERICANISM (a-mer'i-kan-izm), n. Word, 
phrase, or idiom peculiar to Americans. 

Americanize (a-mer'i-kan-iz), v. [pr.p. 

AMER'ICANIZING; p.t. and p.p. AMER'I- 
CANIZED.] I. vt. Imbue with American ideas 
or methods; render American. II. vi. Be- 
come American in customs or ideas. 

AMETHYST (am'e-thist), n. 1. A bluish-violet 
variety of quartz. 2. Bluish-violet color. [Gr. 
a priv. and methyo, to be drunk; the stone 
was supposed to prevent drunkenness.] 

AMETHYSTINE (am-e-this'tin), a. Resembling 
amethyst; made of or containing amethyst. 

AMETROPIA (am-e-tro'pi-a), n. Med. Abnor- 
mal refractory power of the eye. 

AMIABILITY (a-mi-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being amiable; sweetness of disposition. 

AMIABLE (a'mi-a-bl), a. Possessed of pleasing 
qualities; worthy of love. [L. amabi lis, lovable.] 

AMIABLENESS (a'mi-a-bl-nes), n. Quality of 
being amiable; amiability. 

AMIABLY (a'mi-a-bli), adv. In an amiable 
manner. 

AMIANTHUS (am-i-an'thus), n. 1. Min. Flax- 
en variety of asbestos. 2. Fabric made from 
it. [Gr. amiantos, undefiled.] 

AMICABLE (am'i-ka-bl), a. Friendly ; peaceable. 
[L. amicabilis; from amicus, friend.] 

SYN. Intimate; kind; sociable; cordial; 
neighborly. ANT. Unfriendly; unkind; 
distant; hostile; inimical; estranged. 

AMICABLENESS (am'i-ka-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being amicable. 

AMICABLY (am'i-ka-bli), adv. In an amicable 
manner. 

AMICE (am'is), n. Oblong piece of linen cover- 
ing shoulders, worn by priests. 

AMID (a-mid'), prep. In the midst or middle; 
among. 

AMIDE (a'mid), n. High explosive made of 
charcoal nitrate of ammonia and nitrate of 
potash. Used as a substitute for gunpowder. 

AMIDSHIPS (a-mid'ships), adv. Naut. Half 
way between the stem and stern. 

AMIDST (a-midst')> prep. In the center of; 
surrounded by; amid. 

AMINE (am/in), n. Hydrocarbonate of am- 
monia, a powerful chemical agent used in 
connection with electrical analysis. 

AMIENS (a-me-ang')» n. Capital of Somme, 
France. 

AMIR (a-mer'), n. Same as AMEER. 

AMISS (a-mis')» I. a. Wrong; in error. II. adv. 
In a faulty manner. [See MISS.] 

AMITY (am'i-ti), n. Friendship; good will. [L. 
amicus, friend.] 

SYN. Friendliness; comity; regard; love. 
ANT. Dissension; animosity; contention. 

AMMON (am'mon), n. Myth. 1. The Egyptian 
Jupiter or Zeus. 2. A king of Libya, father to 
Bacchus. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. ' 



AMMONIA 



37 



AMPHISCIANS 






AMMONIA (am-mo'ni-a), n. 1. Pungent vola- 
tile alkali in hartshorn. 2. Spirits of harts- 
horn. 

AMMONIAC (am-md'ni-ak), I. a. Ammoniacal. 
II. n. 1. Sal-ammoniac. 2. Gum ammoniac, 
the concrete juice of a plant, used in medicine 
and manufactures. [From Gr. ammoniakon, 
a resinous gum, said to have exuded from a 
tree near the temple of Jupiter Ammon.] 

AMMONIATED (am-mo'ni-a-ted), a. Impreg- 
nated with ammonia. 

AMMONITE (am'o-nit), n. Fossil shell of several 
varieties, all of them chambered and spiral. 
[So called, because they resemble the horns 
on the statue of Jupiter Ammon.] 

AMMUNITION (am-mu-nish'un), n. Anything 
used for munition or defense; military stores; 
powder, balls, etc., used for firearms. [Fr. — 
L. munitio, defense.] 

AMNESIA (am-ne'si-a), n. Pathol. Loss or im- 
pairment of memory. [Gr. a priv. and mnao- 
mai, remember.] 

AMNESTY (am'nes-ti), n. General pardon for 
political offenders. [Gr. a priv. and mnestos, 
remembered.] 

AMOEBA (a-me'ba), n. [pi. AMCEBAS or AM<E- 
BM.] Common microscopic organism of the 
simplest structure and constantly changing 
its shape. [Gr. ameibo, change.] 

AM03BEAN, AMEBEAN (am-e-be'an), a. 1. 
Pertaining to the amoeba. 2. Alternately 
answering. 

AMONG (a-mung'), AMONGST (a-mungsf), 
prep. Mingled with; in the midst or of the 
number of. [A. S. onmang, gemang, between.] 

AMOROUS (am'o-rus), a. Inclined to love; 
fondly in love; enamored. [L. amor, love.] 

AMOROUSLY (am'o-rus-li), a. In an amorous 
manner. 

AMOROUSNESS (am'o-rus-nes), n. Quality of 
being amorous. 

AMORPHOUS (a-mar'fus), a. Having no deter- 
minate form; uncrystallized. [Gr. a priv. 
and morphe, form. 

AMOUNT (a-mounf), vi. Rise by accumula- 
lation; come to; result in; be equivalent to. 

AMOUNT] (a-mounf), n. Whole sum; effect 
or result; sum total. [O. Fr. amonter — L. ad, 
to, and mons, mountain.] 

AMOUR (a-mor'), n. Love affair; love intrigue. 
[Fr.] 

AMPERAGE (am-par'aj), w. Elec. 
Number of amperes in a given 
circuit. 

AMPERE (am-par'), n. Unit of 
measurement of electric current 
strength. (The current pro 
duced by an electromotive force 
of one volt and flowing through A 
a circuit of one ohm resistance.) 
[Named after the French elec- 
trician, Ampere, who died 1836.] Ampere Meter 

AMPHI-, prefix. Around; about; with record. 




on both sides; on all sides; in turn. [Gr. 
amphi, around, on both sides.] 

Amphibia (am-nb'i-a), n.pi. zooi. class 

of animals which can live indiscriminately 
on land or in water, or which at one part of 
their existence live in water and at another on 
land, as frogs, toads and newts. [Gr. amphi, 
both, and bios, life.] 

AMPHIBIAN (am-fib'i-an), I. o. Pertaining 
to an amphibious animal, or to the Am- 
phibia. II. n. Animal belonging to the class 
Amphibia. 

AMPHIBIOUS (am-flb'i-us), a. Living both 
under water and on land; suited to live on land 
or in water. [Gr. amphi, both, and bios, life.] 

AMPHIBIOUSLY (am-fib'i-us-li), a. In the 
manner of an amphibian. 

AMPHIBIOUSNESS (am-fib'i-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being amphibious. 

AMPHIBOLOGY (am-fl-bol'o-ji), n. Sentence 
so arranged as to admit of two different inter- 
pretations. [Gr. amphibolos, equivocal, and 
logos, word.] 

AMPHIBOLOUS (am-fib'o-lus), a. Doubtful; 
ambiguous. 

AMPHIBRACH (am'fl-brak), n. Trisyllabic 
foot, consisting of a long or accented syllable 
between two short or unaccented ones. [Gr« 
amphi, on both sides, and brachys, short.] 

AMPHICARPOUS (am-fl-kar'pus), a. Bot. 
Bearing fruit of two kinds, either as regards 
form or period of ripening. [Gr. amphi, both, 
and karpos, fruit.] 

AMPHICTYONIC (am-fik-ti-on'ik), a. Pertain- 
ing to the Amphictyons, or council (Amphic- 
tyony) of deputies from twelve states of Greece, 
who sat alternately at Thermopylae and Del- 
phi. [Gr. amphiktyones, neighbors.] 

AMPHION (am-fi'on) n. Greek Myth. A son of 
Jupiter, greatly skilled in music; at the sound 
of his lute the stones arranged themselves so 
regularly as to make the walls of the city of 
Thebes. 

AMPHIOXUS (am-fl-oks'us), n. Ich. Small flsh- 
like marine animal tapering at both ends; 
considered the lowest of vertebrate forms; the 
lancelet. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and oxus, 
shark.] 

AMPHIPOD (am'fl-pod), n. One of the Amphi- 
poda. 

AMPHIPODA (am-fl-po'da), n.pl. Order of 
Crustacea, usually with fourteen feet, as the 
beach flea. [Gr. amphi, on both sides, and 
pous, podos, foot.] 

AMPHIPROSTYLE (am-flp'ro-stil), n. Arch, 
Temple with pillars before and behind, but 
none at the sides. [Gr. amphiprostylos, having 
a double prostyle.] 

AMPHISCIANS (am-flsh'anz), AMPHISCII (am- 
flsh'i-i), n.pl. The inhabitants of the torrid 
zone,* so called because their shadows fall to 
the north one season and to the south the other. 
[Gr. amphi, both, and skia, shadow.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



A3IPHITHEATER 



38 



AMUSEMENT 




Amphitheater. 



AMPHITHEATER, 
AMPHITHEATRE 

(am-fi-the'a-ter), n. 
Oval or circular the- 
ater, with the arena 
in the middle, and 
rows of seats all 
round, rising higher 
as they recede from 
the arena. [Gr. am- 
phitheatron; from 
amphi, around, and theatron, theater.] 
A3IPHITR1TE (am-fi-tri'te), n. Greek Myth. 

1. The wife of Neptune and a daughter of 
Oceanus and Tethys; the mother of Triton. 

2. One of the Nereides. 
AMPHITROPOUS (am-fit'ro-pus), a. Bot. 

Half inverted, as the ovule when its axis 

becomes parallel with the placenta. 
A3IPHITRTON (am-fit'ri-on), n. Greek Myth. 

Husband of Alcmena, whose hand he won by 

avenging the death of Electryon's sons; son 

of Alcaeus. 
AMPHITTPE (am'fi-tip), n. Photographic 

process for making pictures interchangeable 

to either positive or negative. [AMPHI- 

and TYPE.] 
AMPHORA (am'- 

fo-ra), n. [pi. 

AM'PHOR^E.] 

Two-handled 

vessel, usually 

made of clay, 

and used for 

holding wine, 

oil, honey, etc. 

[L. from Gr. am- 

phi, around, and 

phero, bear.] 
AMPHORAL (am'fo-ral), o. 

resembling an amphora. 
AMPLE (am'pl), a. 1. Of large dimensions; 

of great capacity; spacious; extensive. 2. 

Large in quantity or degree; complete; full. 

3. Fully sufficient; liberal. [L. amplus, large. ] 
SYN. Perfect; capacious; copious; ex- 
pansive; abundant; plentiful; plenteous; 
flush; large; diffusive. ANT. Narrow; nig- 
gardly; stingy; insufficient; deficient; scant; 
inadequate. 

AMPLENESS (am'pl-nes), n. Quality of being 
ample. 

AMPLEXICAUL (am-pleks'i-kal), a. Bot. Hav- 
ing the petiole dilated at the base and partially 
embracing the stems. [L. amplexus, p.p. of 
amplector, embrace, and caulis, stem.] 

A3IPLIATIVE (am'pli-a-tiv), a. Logic. Adding 
to, or amplifying, what is already known. 

A3IPLIFICATION (am-pli-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. En- 
largement; the act of amplifying. £. Diffu- 
siveness of description or argument. 

AMPLIFICATIVE (am'pli-fi-ka-tiv), a. Tending 
to amplify. 




Amphorse. 

Pertaining to or 



In an ample manner; 



AMPLIFICATOR (ampli-fi-ka-tur), n. One who 
or that which amplifies; amplifier. 

AMPLIFICATORT (am'pli-fi-ka-to-ri), a. Serv- 
ing to amplify or enlarge. 

AMPLIFIER (ampli-fi-er), n. One who or that 
which amplifies or enlarges. 

AMPLIFY (am'pli-fl), v. [pr.p. AMPLIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. AMPLIFIED (am'pli-fid).] I. vt. 
Make more copious in expression; add to. II. 
vi. Re diffuse in argument or description; 
dilate. [L. amplus, large, and facto, make.] 

AMPLITUDE (am'pli-tud), n. 1. Quality of 
being ample; largeness; extent. 2. Extent of 
power or means. 3. Straight horizontal line 
measuring the distance between the starting 
point and the terminal of a movement, as the 
range of a gun. 4. Astron. Angular distance 
on the horizon from the true east or west. [L. 
amplitudo.] 

AMPLY (am'pli), adv. 
completely. ' 

AMPULLA (am-pul'a), 
n. [pi. AMPULLA.] 
1. Bom. Antiq. Glass 
or earthenware ves- 
sel, nearly globular 
in form and having a 
slender neck. 2. Eccl. 
Vessel for the wine of 
the eucharist or for 
the holy oil. 3. Anal. 
Dilation in the semi- 
circular canals of the Ampulla. 
ear. 4. Bot. Flask-like organ on a root or 
immersed leaf of an aquatic plant. [L.] 

AMPUTATE (am'pu-tat), vt. [pr.p. AMPU- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. AMPUTATED.] 
Surg. Cut off, as a limb or a portion of 
a limb. [L. amputatus, p.p. of amputo; from 
atnbi, around, and puto, trim.] 

AMPUTATION (am-pu-ta'shun), n. Act of 
amputating. 

AMPUTATOR (am'pu-ta-tur), n. One who am- 
putates. 

AMSTERDAM (am'ster-dam), n. Seaport and 
chief city of the Netherlands. 

AMUCK (a-muk'), adv. In a state of frenzy. — 
Bun amuck, rush about in a state of frenzy 
and attack and murder people indiscrimi- 
nately. [Malay, amoq, engaging furiously in 
battle.] 

AMULET (am'u-let), n. Gem or other object 
carried about the person, as a charm against 
evil. [L. amuletum, charm.] 

AMUSABLE (a-mu'za-bl), a. Easily amused. 

AMUSE (a-muz'), vt. [pr.p. AMUSING; p.t. 
and p.p. AMUSED (a-muzd').] 1. Entertain 
or divert the mind of, with something pleas- 
ing. 2. Excite to mirth. [Fr. amuser.] 

SYN. Beguile; entertain; divert; interest; 
disport. ANT. Distract; annoy; weary; 
bore. 

AMUSEMENT (a-muz'ment), n. 1. That which 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AMUSING 



39 



ANALEPSIS 



amuses; diversion; sport; recreation. 2. State 
of being amused or agreeably entertained. 

AMUSING (a-mu'zing), a. Affording amuse- 
ment; laughable. 

AMUSIVE (a-mu'ziv), a. Amusing. 

AMUSIVELY (a-mu'ziv-li), adv. In an amusive 
manner. 

AMVIS (am'vis), n. High explosive composed 
principally of ammonium nitrate. [L. vis, 
strength.] 

AMYGDALATE (a-mig'da-lat), a. Pertaining to 
or made of almonds. [Gr. amygdale, almond.] 

AMYGDALINE (a-mig'da-lin), a. Resembling 
almonds. 

AMYL (am'il), n. Radical of fusil oil. [Gr. 
amy Ion, starch, and hyle, matter.] 

AMYLACEOUS (am-i-la'shus), a. Relating to 
starch; starchy. 

AMYLACETATE (am-i-las'e-tat), n. Soluble 
starch solution, made by dissolving starch in 
water and adding any kind of acid. 

AMYLENE (am'i-len), n. Colorless, mobile 
liquid obtained by distilling amyl alcohol. 

AN (an). Form of the indefinite article, used 
before words beginning with the sound of a 
vowel. [A. S. ane.] 

AN-. 1. Form of the Greek prefix a-. 2. Form 
of the Greek prefix ana-. 

-AN, suffix. Pertaining or belonging to. [L. 
anus.] 

ANA-, prefix. Up; back; as, analyze, anatomy. 
[Gr.] 

-ANA, suffix. Belonging to; denoting a collec- 
tion of; such as sayings, anecdotes, etc., as 
Johnsonlana. [L.] 

ANABAPTIST (an-a-bap'tist), n. One who 
opposes infant baptism and insists upon 
baptism of adults by immersion. 

ANABAS (an'a-bas), n. Ich. Genus of fishes 
that can travel on land and climb trees. Gr., 
from ana, up, and bain 6, go.] 

ANABASIS (a-nab'a-sis), n. A military advance 
into the interior of a country. [Gr. ana, up, 
and bain 6, go.] 

ANABOLISM (an-ab'o-lizm), n. Biol. That 
part of metabolism during which food is con- 
verted into living matter. [See CATABOLISM 
and METABOLISM.] [Gr. anabole, a rising up.] 

ANACHORISM (an-ak'o-rizm), n. Something 
inconsistent with, or foreign to, the country to 
which it is referred. [Gr. ana, back, and 
choros, country*] 

ANACHRONISM (an-ak'ro-nizm), n. 1. The 
placing of an event, custom, etc., at a wrong 
chronological date or period. 2. Something 
occurring before or surviving after its proper 
time. [Gr. ana, back, and chronos, time.] 

ANACHRONISTIC (an-ak-ro-nis'tik), a. Per- 
taining to or involving an anachronism. 

ANACHRONOUS (an-ak'ro-nus), a. Anachro- 
nistic. 

ANACONDA (an-a-kon'da), n. 1. Large snake 
of Ceylon. 2. Species of boa of South America. 



ANACREONTIC (an-ak-re-on'tik), I. a. In the 
manner of Anacreon, a celebrated Greek 
lyric poet, who lived about 540 B.C.; in praise 
of love and wine. II. n. 1. A poem in this 
manner. 2. Verse composed in the meter 
used by Anacreon, consisting of three trochees 
and one long syllable. 

ANADROM (an'a-drom), n. Anadromous fish. 

ANADROMOUS (an-ad'ro-mus), a. Ascending 
rivers to spawn, as the shad or salmon. [Gr. 
ana, up, and dromos, a run.] 

ANAEMIA, ANEMIA (a-ne'mi-a), n. Pathol. 1. 
Morbid want of blood; condition of the body 
after great loss of blood. 2. Morbid deficiency 
of the blood in some ingredient or quality. 
[Gr. anaimia; from an priv. and haima, 
blood.] 

ANAEMIC, ANEMIC (a-nem'ik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or characterized by anaemia. 

ANAESTHESIA, ANESTHESIA (an-es-the'zhi-a) t 
n. Loss of the sense of touch produced by 
some drug or disease. [Gr. a priv. and 
cesthesis, sensation.] 

ANESTHETIC, ANESTHETIC (an-es-thet'ik), 
I. a. Producing anaesthesia. II. n. Drug 
that produces insensibility. 

ANAESTHETIZE (an'es-the-tlz), vU [pr.p, 
ANAESTHETIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANES- 
THETIZED (an'es-the-tizd).] Render insen- 
sible by means of anaesthetics. 

ANAGLYPH (an'a-glif), n. Figure or ornament 
cut in low relief, as a cameo. [Gr. ana, up, and 
glyphe, carving.] 

ANAGLYPHIC (an-a-glif 'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
ornamental with, or worked as, an anaglyph. 

ANAGOGE (an-a-go'je), n. 1. Mystical sig- 
nificance. 2. Application of the mind to 
spiritual mysteries. [Gr. ana, up, and ago, 
lead.] 

ANAGOGIC (an-a-goj'ik), ANAGOGICAL (an-a- 
goj'i-kal), a. Having a mythical meaning; 
mythical; allegorical. 

ANAGRAM (an'a-gram), n. Word or phrase 
formed by transposing the letters of another, 
[Gr. ana, again, and graphd, write.] 

ANAGRAMMATICAL (an-a-gram-mat'i-kal), a. 
Referring to an anagram. 

ANAGRAMMATIZE (an-a-gram'a-tiz), vt. [pr.p, 
ANAGRAM'MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANA- 
GRAMMATIZED (an-a-gram'a-tizd).] To 
form into anagrams. 

ANAL (a'naD, a. Pertaining to or found near 
the anus. 

ANALECT (an'a-lekt), n. [pi. ANALEC'TA or 
AN'ALECTS.] Choice fragment; best part; 
selection. [Gr. analektos; from ana, up, and 
lego, gather.] 

ANALECTIC (an-a-lek'tik), a. Pertaining to or 
composed of analects. 

ANALEPSIS (an-a-lep'sis), n. Pathol. 1. Re- 
covery of strength, as after sickness. 2. 
Epilepsy due to stomach disorder. [Gr., from 
ana, up, and lambano, take.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



ANALEPTIC 



40 



ANATOMY 



ANALEPTIC (an-a-lep'tik), I. a. Restorative; 
reinvigorating. II. n. Strengthening medicine ; 
tonic. 

ANALGESIA (an-al-je'si-a), n. Pathol. In- 
capacity of feeling pain in a part, whether 
in health or disease. [Gr., from an priv. and 
algos, pain.] 

ANALGESIC (an-al-jes'ik), I. a. Having the 
quality of allaying pain. II. n. Medicine that 
allays pain. 

ANALGETIC (an-al-jet'ik), a. Relating to or 
characterized by analgesia. 

ANALOGICAL (an-a-ioji-kal), a. Implying 
analogy. 

ANALOGICALLY (an-a-loj'i-kal-i), adv. In 
an analogical manner. 

ANALOGIZE (an-al'o-jiz), v. [pr.p. ANALO- 
GIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANALOGIZED (an-al'o- 
jizd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to be analogous. 
2. Illustrate by analogy. II. vi. Use an- 
alogy. 

ANALOGOUS (an-aro-gus), a. Having analogy; 
similar. 

ANALOGUE (an'a-log), n. That which bears 
an analogy to something else. 

ANALOGY (a-nal'o-ji), n. [pi. ANAL'OGIES.] 
1. Likeness of relations of things otherwise 
different. 2. Likeness. (Figures of speech 
are based on analogy, as in calling learning 
a light.) [Gr. ana, according to, and logos, 
ratio.] 

ANALYSIS (a-nal'i-sis), n. [pi. ANAL'YSES.] 
Resolving or separating a thing into its ele- 
ments or component parts. [See ANALYZE.] 

ANALYST (a-nal'ist), n. One skilled in analysis. 

ANALYTIC (an-a-lit'ik), ANALYTICAL (an-a- 
lit'ik-al), a. Pertaining to analysis; resolving 
into first principles. 

ANALYTICALLY (an-a-lit'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
analytical manner. 

ANALYTICS (an-a-lit'iks), n. Science of 

analysis. 

ANALYZABLE (an'a-li-za-bl), a. Capable of 
being analyzed. 

ANALYZATION (an-a-li-za'shun), n. Act of 
- analyzing. 

ANALYZE (an'a-liz), vt. [pr.p. AN'ALYZING; 
p.t. and p.p. ANALYZED (an'a-lizd).] Resolve 
a thing into its constituent elements; make a 
critical examination of. [Gr. ana, back again, 
and lyo, loosen, solve.] 

ANALYZER (an'a-li'zer), n. One who or that 
which analyzes. 

ANAMESE. Same as ANNAMESE. 

ANAMORPHOSIS (an-a-mar'fo-sis), n. 1. 

Op*. Distorted representation of an object, 
which, when viewed from a certain point, or 
reflected from a curved mirror, appears regu- 
lar and in right proportion. 2. Bot. Anom- 
alous development of any part of a plant. 
[Gr. ana, back, and morphe, form.] 

ANANDROUS (an-an'drus), a. Bot. Destitute 
of stamens. [Gr. an priv. and -ANDROUS.] 



ANANTHOUS (an-an'thus), a. Flowerless. [Gr. 
an priv. and anthos, flower.] 

ANANYM (an'a-nim), n. Name written back- 
ward. [Gr. ana, back, and onyma, name.] 

ANAPEST, ANAP^ST (ana-pest), n. Metrical 
foot consisting of three syllables, two short 
and the third long, or (in Eng.) two unac- 
cented and the third accented. [Gr. ana, back, 
and paid, strike.] 

ANAPESTIC, ANAP^STIC (an-a-pes'tik), a . 
Of or pertaining to anapests; consisting of 
anapests. 

ANAPLASTIC (an-a-plas'tik), a. Pertaining to 
anaplasty. 

ANAPLASTY (an'a-plas-ti), n. Skin-grafting. 
[Gr., from ana, back, and plasso, form.] 

ANARCH (an'ark), n. Promoter of anarchy; 
anarchist. [From Gr. an priv. and archos, 
ruler.] 

ANARCHIC (an-ar'kik), ANARCHICAL (an-ar'- 
kik-al), o. Pertaining to or characterized by 
anarchy. 

ANARCHISM (an'ar-kizm), n. Doctrine or 

practice of anarchists. 

ANARCHIST (an'ar-kist), n. One who advo- 
cates, excites or promotes anarchy; one who 
favors the assassination of rulers as a means 
of abolishing government. 

ANARCHY (an'ar-ki), n. 1. Theory of abolition 
of the government of man by man. 2. Society 
without government. 3. Want of social order. 
[Gr. an priv. and arche, government.] 

ANASTOMOSIS (a-nas-to-mo'sis), n. [pi. ANAS- 
TOMO'SES.] An interlacing or running to- 
gether, as two or more arteries or veins; inos- 
culation. [Gr. from ana, again, and stoma, 
mouth.] 

ANASTOMOTIC (an-a-sto-mot'ik), a. 1. Per- 
taining to anastomosis. 2. Tending to open 
the mouths of blood-vessels or veins. 

ANASTROPHE, ANASTROPHY (an-as'tro-fl), 
n. Bhet. Inversion of the natural order of 
words, as "down went he.'* [Gr. ana, back, 
and strepho, turn.] 

ANATHEMA (a-nath'e-ma), n. 1. Ecclesiastic- 
al curse; curse. 2. Person cursed. [Gr.] 

ANATHEMATIZE (a-nath'e-ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. 
ANATHEMATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANATH- 
EMATIZED (a-nath'e-ma-tizd).] Pronounce 
an anathema against; curse. 

ANATOMIC (an-a-tom'ik), ANATOMICAL (an- 
a-tom'i-kal), a. Relating to anatomy. 

ANATOMICALLY (an-a-tom'i-kal-i ), adv. In an 
anatomical manner. 

ANATOMIST (a-nat'o-mist), n. One skilled in 
anatomy. 

ANATOMIZATION (a-nat-o-ml-za'shun), n. 
Dissection; analysis. 

ANATOMIZE (a-nato-miz), vt. [pr.p. ANATO- 
MIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANATOMIZED (a-naf- 
o-mizd).] 1. Dissect. 2. Examine critically; 
analyze. 

ANATOMY (a-nat'o-mi), n. 1. Art of dissecting. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ANATROPOUS 



41 



■ANDROUS 







2. Science of the structure of the body, learned 
by dissection. 3. Bodily frame; skeleton. 
[Gr. ana, up, and temno, cut.] 

ANATROPOUS (a-nat'ro-pus), a. BoU Invert- 
ed, as the ovule when reversed. 

AnC^EUS (an-se'us), n. Greek Myth. Son of 
Lycurgus; was with the Argonauts; about to 
taste a cup of wine, he was called to the chase 
and killed by a boar as predicted by a servant. 

-ANCE, suffix. Forms nouns denoting action, 
state, or quality from adjectives ending in 
-ant, or from verbs directly, as significance, 
forbearance. [Fr. -ance; from L. -antia.] 

ANCESTOR (an'ses-tur), n. Progenitor; fore- 
father. [L. ante, before, and cedo, go.] 

ANCESTRAL (an-ses'tral), a. Pertaining to or 
derived from an ancestor or ancestors. 

ANCESTRESS (an'ses-tres), n. Female ancestor. 

ANCESTRY (an'ses-tri), n. 1. Line of ancestors; 
lineage. 2. The relation with one's ances- 
tors; good descent. 

ANCHISES (an-ki'sez), n. Greek Myth. Son 
of Capys, and father, by Aphrodite, of yEneas. 

ANCHOR (ang'kur), 
n. 1. Hooked iron 
Instrument that 
holds a ship, being 
dropped by chain or 
cable to bottom of 
water. 2. Anything 
that gives stability 
or security. [Gr. 
agkos, bend, hook.] 

ANCHOR (ang'kur), v. [pr.p. AN 'CHOKING; 
p.U and p.p. ANCHORED (ang'kurd).] I. vt. 
1. Fasten or secure by an anchor. 2. Fasten 
firmly; fix abidingly. II. vi. 1. Cast. anchor; 
stop; rest. 2. Become fixed. 

ANCHORAGE (ang'kur-aj), n. 1. Ground for 
anchoring. 2. Support that holds on like an 
anchor. 3. Duty imposed on ships for an- 
choring. 4. Act of anchoring or state of 
being anchored. 

ANCHORESS (ang'kur-es), n. Female anchoret. 

ANCHORET (ang'kur-et), ANCHORITE (ang'- 
kur-it), n. One who has withdrawn from the 
world; a hermit. [Gr. ana, back, and chore 6, 
go.] 

ANCHOVY (an-cho'vi), n. [pi. ANCHO'VIES.] 
Small fish of the herring kind, about three 
inches long. [Sp. anchova.] 

ANCIENT (an'shent), I. a. 1. Of the times long 
gone by. Opposed to MODERN. 2. Having 
existed a long time; very old. II. n. 1. [pi.) 
People in ancient times. 2. Old person; patri- 
arch. [Fr. ancien; from L. ante, before.] 

SYN. Antique; antiquated; obsolete; 
primitive; old-fashioned; primeval; pri- 
mordial. ANT. New; young; modern; fresh; 
recent; late; novel; up-to-date. 
rciENTLY(an'shent-li),adv. Of old; formerly. 
XCIENTNESS (an'shent-nes), n. Quality of 
being ancient. 



Anchor. 



[L. 



Subsidiary; 
ancillaris — 



ANCILLARY (an'sil-la-ri), 
subservient; subordinate. 
ancilla, female servant.] 

ANCIPITAL (an-sip'i-tal), a. 1. Two-headed. 
2. Two-edged. [L. anceps, ancipitis, two- 
headed.] 

ANCIPITATE (an-sip'i-tat), ANCIPITOUS (an- 
sip'i-tus), a. Ancipital. 

ANCON (ang'kon), ANCONE (ang'kdn), n. 1. 
Anat. The enlarged upper end of the ulna, 
forming the sharp point of the elbow; ole- 
cranon. 2. Arch. Elbow-shaped support, as 
a cornice or corbel. 3. [A-] Name given to 
Panama canal zone anchorage. [Gr. ankon, 
bend.] 

AnCONA (an-ko'na), n. Province and city in 
eastern Italy. 

-ANCY, suffix. Same as -ANCE. 

AND (and), conj. Signifies addition, and is used 
as a connective. [A. S.] 

ANDALUSIA (an-da-16'zi-a), n. District in 
southern Spain. 

ANDANTE (an-dan'te), a. In Music, moder- 
ately slow; expressive. [It.] 

ANDERMATT (an'der-mat), n. Village in 
Switzerland. Center for tourists. 

ANDERSON VILLE (an'der-sun-vil), n. Town 
in Georgia; seat of Confederate prison during 
Civil War. 

ANDES (an'dez), n.pl. Chain of mountains in 
S. America, extending from Isthmus of Pana- 
ma to Cape Horn, 4,500 m. 

ANDIRON (and'i-urn), n. Iron support for 
wood in open fireplace; mov- 
able fire-iron; fire-dog. [A. S. 
brandisen.] 

ANDROGYNAL (an-droj'i-nal), 
a. Same as ANDROGYNOUS. 

ANDROGYNOUS (an-droj'i- 

nus), a. 1. Presenting the 
characteristics 
of both sexes in 
the same indi- 
vidual, as snails, 
earth worms, 
etc. 2. BoU 
Bearing both 
stamens and 
pistils in the 
same flower or 
cluster. [Gr. androgynos.] 

ANDROID (an'droid), I. a. Having the form 
of a man. II. n. Automaton in the shape 
of a human being. 

ANDROMACHE (an-drom'a-ke), n. Greek 
Myth. Hector's wife, famed for her domes- 
ticity. 

ANDROMEDA (an-drom'e-da) n. Greek Myth. 
Daughter of Cepheus, by Cassiope; tied to a 
rock and exposed to a sea monster; rescued 
and married by Perseus. 

-ANDROUS, suffix. Bot. Having a stamen or 
stamens. [Gr. aner, andros, man.] 




Andiron. 



Tate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch, in Scotch loch. 



> 



ANECDOTAL 



42 



ANGIOSPER3IAL 




ANECDOTAL (an'ek-do-tal), a. Pertaining to 
anecdotes. 

ANECDOTE (an'ek-dot), n. Isolated incident of 
life; short story. [Gr. an priv. and ekdotos, 
published — ek, out, and didomi, give.] 

ANECDOTIC (an-ek-dot'ik), ANECDOTICAL 
(an-ek-dot'ik-al), a. 1. Anecdotal. 2. Ad- 
dicted to telling anecdotes. 

ANELECTRODE (an-e-lek'trod), n. Positive 
pole of a galvanic battery; anode. 

ANEMIA, ANE3IIC. Same as ANAEMIA, 

ANEMIC. 

ANEMOGRAPH (a-nem'o-graf), n. Apparatus 
which registers the direction or force of the 
wind or both. [Gr. anemos, wind, and grapho, 
write.] 

ANE3IOGRAPHY (an-e-mog'ra-fi), n. 1. De- 
scription of the winds. 2. Art of recording 
direction and velocity of winds. 

ANE3IOLOGY (an-e-molo-ji), n. Science of 
the winds. 

ANE3I03IETER (an-e- 

mom'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring the 
force of the wind. [Gr. 
anemos, wind, and ME- 
TER.] 

ANE3I03IETRIC (an-e- 

mo-met'rik), ANE3IO- 
METRICAL (an-e-mo- 
met'ri-kal), a. Pertain- 
ing to anemometry. 

ANEMOMETRY (an-e- 

mom'e-tri), n. Act or art of measuring the 
velocity of the wind. 

ANEMONE (a-nem'o-ne), n. 1. Plant of the 
crow-foot family; wind-flower. 2. Sea- 
anemone. [Gr. anemos, wind.] 

ANEMOSCOPE (a-nem'o-skop), n. Instrument 
for indicating the direction of the wind. [Gr. 
anemos, wind, and -SCOPE.] 

ANENT (a-nenf), prep. 1. Opposite. 2. About; 
concerning. [A. S. anefen, even with.] 

ANEROID (an'e-roid), I. a. Containing no liquid. 
II. n. Barometer without liquid or quick-silver. 
[Gr. a priv. and neros, wet.] 

ANESTHESIA, ANESTHETIC, etc. Same as 
ANAESTHESIA, ANESTHETIC, etc. 

ANETIC (an-et'ik), a. Med. Soothing; allay- 
ing pain; anodyne. [Gr. anctikos, relaxing; 
from ana, back, and hiemi, send.] 

ANEURISM (an'u-rizm) n. Soft pulsating tu- 
mor arising from the dilatation of an artery. 
[Gr. ana, up, and curys, wide.] 

ANEURIS3IAL (an-u-riz'mal), a. Of, affected 
with, or pertaining to, an aneurism. 

ANEW (a-nu'), adv. Newly; again. 

ANGEL (an'jel), n. 1. Divine messenger; min- 
istering spirit. 2. Numis. Old English coin 
of the value of 10 shillings, bearing the figure 
of an angel. [Gr. aggelos, messenger.] 

ANGEL-FISH (an'jel-flsh), n. Fish of the shark 
family about seven feet long, deriving its name 



Anemometer. 



from the fact that its pectoral fins present the 
appearance of wings. 

ANGEL-FOOD (an'jel-fod), n. Delicate white 
cake, composed chiefly of beaten whites of 
eggs» powdered white sugar and sifted wheat 
flour. 

ANGELIC (an-jel'ik), a. Of the nature of angels; 
pertaining to angels. 

ANGELICA (an-jel'i-ka), n. I. Genus of aro- 
matic plants of the parsley family. 2. [a-] 
Plant of this genus. 3. [A-] Variety of 
sweet white wine, of California. [L. angelus; 
Gr. aggelos, angel.] 

ANGELICAL (an-jel'i-kal), a. Angelic. 

ANGELICALLY (an-jel'i-kal-i), adv. In an 
angelic manner. 

ANGELIFY (an-jel'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. ANGEL'IFY- 
ING; p.t.smdp.p. ANGELD7IED (an-jel'i-fid).] 
Render angelic. 

ANGELOLATRY (an-jel-ol'a-tri), n. Angel- 
worship. 

ANGELOLOGY (an-jel-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of 
theology that treats of angels. 

ANGELUS (an'jel-us), n. 1. Prayer to Virgin 
Mary. 2. Bell tolled at 6 A. M., noon and 6 
P. M., when the prayer is to be recited. 3. 
Name of famous painting by Millet. 

ANGER (ang'ger), n. 1. Violent, vindictive 
emotion excited by real or imaginary injury. 
2. Inflammation. [Ice. angr, grief ; connected 
with L. ango, strangle.] 

SYN. Wrath; rage; fury; choler; exasper- 
ation; irritation; passion; indignation; re- 
sentment; animosity; temper. ANT. Self- 
control; forbearance; peacefulness; pa- 
tience; gentleness. 

ANGER (ang'ger), v. [pr.p. AN'GERING; p.U 
and p.p. ANGERED (ang'gerd).] I. vt. Make 
angry. II. vi. Become angry. 

ANGINA (an-ji'na or an'ji-na), n. Pathol. Any 
inflammatory disease of the throat. — Angina 
pectoris, spasms of the chest; neuralgia of the 
heart. [L. ango, strangle.] 

ANGINAL (an'ji-nal), a. Anginous. 

ANGINOUS (an'ji-nus), a. Pertaining to or 
partaking of angina. 

ANGIOGRAPHY (an-ji-og'ra-fl), n. Anat. De- 
scription of the vessels of the body, arteries, 
veins, lymphatics etc. [Gr. angeion, vessel, 
and -GRAPHY.] 

ANGIOLOGY (an-ji-ol'o-ji), n. That branch of 
physiology which deals with the blood vessels 
and lymphatics. [Gr. angeion, vessel, and 
-LOGY.] 

ANGIOSPER3I (an'ji-o-sperm), n. Bot. Plant 
of the larger division of exogens, with seeds 
in a pericarp. [Gr. angeion, vessel, and 

spertna, seed.] 

ANGIOSPERMAL (an-ji-o-sper'maD, ANGIO- 
SPER3IATOUS (an-ji-o-sper'ma-tus), AN- 
GIOSPERMOUS (an-ji-o-sper-mus), a. Bot. 
Having the seeds in a closed seed-vessel, as 
the pea, apple, maple, oak, etc. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ANGIOSPOROUS 



43 



ANGUISH 



ANGIOSPOROUS (an-ji-os'po-rus), a. Bot. 

ji Having receptacles for inclosing the spores. 

ANGIOT03IY (an-ji-ot'o-mi), n. Dissection of 
the blood vessels and lymphatics. [Gr. an- 
geion, vessel, and tome, a cutting.] 

ANGLE (ang'gl), n. 1. Geotn. Inclination to 
each other of two intersecting straight lines 
or surfaces; point; corner; edge. 2. Place 
between two intersecting lines or surfaces; 
nook. 3. Projecting corner. — Acute angle, 
one of less than 90°. — Adjacent angles, two 
angles having vertices at the same point and 
one side in common. — Obtuse angle, one 
greater than 90°. — Bight angle, one of 90 
degrees. — Solid angle, one formed by three 
or more planes meeting in one point. — Sup- 
plementary angles, two angles whose sum 
makes a right angle. — Visual or optic an- 
gle, angle formed in the center of the eye by 
two lines drawn from the extremities of the 
object. [Fr.; from L. angulus, corner.] 



Obtuse angle. Acute angle. Right angle. 

ANGLE (ang'gl), n. 1. Fishhook; fishing tackle. 
2. Act of fishing with hook and line. [A. S. 
angel, hook, fishhook.] 

ANGLE (ang'gl), vi. [pr.p. AN'GLING; p.t. and 
p.p. ANGLED (ang'gld).] 1. Fish with a rod, 
line and hook. 2. Try to gain or get any per- 
son or thing by some artifice. 

ANGLEMETER (ang'gl-me-ter), n. Modified 
sextant for measuring height of buildings, 
hills, etc., or the width of rivers. 

ANGLER (ang'gler), n. 1. One who angles; one 
who fishes with rod, line and hook. 2. Zool. 
Large fish having an enormous head, on which 
are two elongated filaments, which are said 
to lure small fish within its reach. 

ANGLES (ang'glz), n.pl. German tribe who 
emigrated to Britain, and from whom the 
country was named England (Angle-land). 

ANGLE-WORM (ang'gl-wurm), n. Earthworm 
used by anglers for bait. 

ANGLICAN (ang'gli-kan), I. a. I. English. 2. 
Pertaining to the established church of Eng- 
land. II. n. Member of the church of Eng- 
land; high-churchman. 

ANGLICANIS3I (ang'gli-kan-ism), n. 1. Attach- 
ment to English institutions, especially the 
church of England 2. Principles of the Eng- 
lish (Episcopal) Church. 

ANGLICE (ang'gli-se), adv. In the fashion or 
manner of the English. [N. L.] 

ANGLICISM (ang'gli-sizm),w. 1. English idiom 
or peculiarity of language. 2. English notion, 
custom, or trait. 

Anglicize (ang'gii-siz), vt. [pr.p. Angli- 
cizing; p.t. and p.p. AN'GLICIZED.] Give 
an English form to; express in English idiom. 



ANGLO-. Combining form of L. Anglus, pi. 
Angli, the Angles, or English. 

Anglo-American (ang-gio-a-mer'i-kan), i. 

a. Pertaining to the English and the Ameri- 
cans, or to the descendants of English people 
in the United States. II. n. Native of America 
of English parentage. 

ANGLO-INDIAN (ang-glo-in'di-an), a. Per- 
taining to the English in East India. 

ANGLOMANIA (ang-glo-ma/ni-a), n. Mania on 
the part of a person belonging to another 
country to imitate whatever is English. 

ANGLOMANIAC (ang-glo-ma'ni-ak), n. One 
affected with Anglomania. 

Anglophobia (ang-gio-fo'w-a), n. Hatred 

of the English or of everything English. 

Anglo-Saxon (ang-gio-saks'un), i. «. of or 

pertaining to the Anglo-Saxons, or to their 
language. II. n. 1. One of the Anglo-Saxon 
race, mixture of the Angles and Saxons, Teu- 
tonic tribes, who settled in England about 
A. D. 449. 2. Language of the Anglo-Saxons. 

ANGOLA (an-go'la), n. Same as ANGORA. 

ANGOR (ang'gur), n. Pathol. Anxiety accom- 
panied with constriction in the pectoral re- 
gion. [L.] 

Angora (an- 

g 6 ' ra) , n. 
1. City in Asia 
Minor. 2. An- 
gora goat. 3. 
Light dress 
goods made 
from the wool 
of the Angora 
goat . — A n - 
gora goat, 
variety of 
goat found 
near Angora, 

in Asia Minor remarkable 
fine, silky hair. — Angora cat, 
having long silky hair. 

ANGRILY (ang'gri-li), adv. In an angry man- 
ner; under the influence of anger. 

ANGRINESS (a'ng'gri-nes), n. State of being 
angry. 

ANGRY (ang'gri), a. [comp. AN'GRIER; supcrl. 
AN'GRIEST.] 1. Excited with anger. 2. 
Caused or affected by, or as by, anger. 3. 
Med. Inflamed. 

SYN. Passionate; irritated; indignant; 
incensed; provoked; wroth; wrathful; ra- 
ging; furious; choleric; exasperated; infu- 
riated; ireful; irate. ANT. Peaceful; for- 
giving; forbearing; calm; unresentful. 

ANGUIPED (ang'gwi-ped), a. Having a serpent- 
like body with legs. [L. anguis, snake; pes, 
foot.] 

ANGUISH (ang'gwish), n. Excessive pain of 
body or mind; agony. [L. ango, strangle.] 
SYN. Pang; torment; torture; rack; 




Angora goat (Capra angorensis). 



for its long, 
domestic cat 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



> 



ANGUISH 



44 



ANKLET 



excruciation. ANT. Pleasure; luxury; en- 
joyment; voluptuousness. 

ANGUISH (ang'gwish), v. [pr.p. ANGUISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. ANGUISHED (ang'-gwisht).] I. 
vt. Inflict anguish upon; cause excessive 
bodily pain or mental distress to. II. vi. 
Suffer extreme grief; grieve excessively. 

ANGULAR (ang'gu-lar), a. 1. Having angles 
or corners. 2. Constrained in manner; awk- 
ward. [L. angularis; from angulus, corner.] 

ANGULARITY (ang-gu-lar'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being angular. 

ANGULARLY (ang'gu-lar-li), adv. In an angu- 
lar manner. 

ANGWANTIBO (ang-gwan-te'bo), n. Tailless 
moon-faced monkey of West Africa. 

ANHELATION (an-he-la/shun), n. Act of pant- 
ing; state of being short of breath; difficult of 
respiration. [L. anhelatio.] 

VNHELOUS (an-he'lus), a. Out of breath; 
panting. 

ANHYDRID (an-hi'drid), ANHYDRIDE (an-hi'- 
drid), n. Any non-metallic oxide which be- 
comes an acid on the addition of water. 

ANHYDRITE (an-hi'drit), w. Anhydrous sul- 
phate of lime. 

ANHYDROUS (an-hi'drus), a. Chem. Having 
no water in composition. [Gr. an priv. and 
hydor, water.] 

ANIL (an'il), n. West Indian species of indigo 
plant. [Ar. al, the, and nil, indigo.] 

ANILE (an'il or an'il), a. Old-womanish; im- 
becile. [L. anilis; from anus, old woman.] 

ANILINE (an'i-lin), n. Product of coal tar or 
benzol, extensively used in dyeing. [Originally 
obtained in the distillation of anil for indigo.] 

ANILITY (a-nil'i-ti), n. State of being anile. 

ANIMA (an'i-ma), n. [pi. ANUVLE.] The 
vital principle; life; soul. [L.] 

ANIMADVERSION (an-i-mad-ver'shun), n. 1. 
Act of animadverting. 2. Disapproving re- 
mark; adverse criticism. 

SYN. Reprehension; insinuation; criti- 
cism; reflection. ANT. Commendation; 
approval; praise; encomium; eulogy; pan- 
egyric. 

ANIMADVERT (an-i-mad-verf), vi. [pr.p. 
ANIMADVERTING; p.t. and p.p. ANIMAD- 
VERT'ED.] Pass censure or criticism; take 
note. 

ANIMAL (an'i-mal), I. n. 1. Organized being, 
having life, sensation, and voluntary motion. 
2. Human being in whom the animal propen- 
sities predominate. II. a. Like an animal; 
sensual. [L. animal; from anima, breath, 
soul.] 

ANIMALCULA (an-i-mal'ku-la), n. Plural of 
ANIMALCULIM. 

ANIMALCULAR (an-i-mal'kii-lar), a. Per- 
taining to or like animalcules. 

ANIMALCULE (an-i-mal'kul), n. Zool. 1. Small 
animal, visible only through the microscope. 
2. Any other very small animal, as a gnat. 



ANIMALCULINE (an-i-mal'ku-lin), a. An- 
imalcular. 

ANIMALCULUM (an-i-mal'ku-lum), n. [pi. 
ANIMAL'CULA.] Animalcule. [L. dim. of 
animal.] 

ANIMALIS3I (an'i-mal-izm), n. State or qual- 
ity of being actuated by animal appetites only; 
sensuality. 

ANIMALITY (an-i-mal'i-ti), n. 1. Animal 
life as opposed to vegetable life. 2. State of 
being an animal. 3. Animal nature of man 
as opposed to the spiritual nature. 

ANIMALIZE (an'i-mal-iz), vt. [pr.p. AN'I- 
MAEIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANIMALIZED 
(an'a-mal-izd.) 1. Give animal form or 
character to. 2. Assimilate into an animal 
body. 3. Render brutal; sensualize. 

ANIMATE (an'i-mat) vt. [pr.p. AN'IMATING; 
p.t. and p.p. ANIMATED.] 1. Give life to; 
make alive. 2. Give vivacity to; inspire. 
LL. animatus, p.p. of animo; anima, breath.] 

SYN. Enliven; inspirit; exhilarate; in- 
spire. ANT. Dishearten; damp; deaden; 
stifle. 

ANI3IATE (an'i-mat), ANIMATED (an'i-ma- 
ted), a. 1. Endowed with animal life; living. 
2. Full of life; vivacious. 

ANIMATION (an-i-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of 
animating. 2. State of being animated. 3. 
Appearance of life. 

SYN. Life; vitality; excitation; excite- 
ment; stimulation; alacrity; activity; liveli- 
ness; vivacity; buoyancy; spirit; sprightli- 
ness; briskness; exhilaration; energy. ANT. 
Deadness; dullness; inertness; lifelessness; 
depression; dejection; despondency. 

ANIMATIVE (an'i-ma-tiv), a. Imparting life; 
enlivening. 

ANIMISM (an'i-mizm), n. Doctrine that ani- 
mal life and bodily development are caused 
by a soul. [L. anima, soul.] 

ANIMOSITY (an-i-mos'i-ti), n. Bitter hatred; 
active enmity. [L. animositas.] 

SYN. Hate; odium; dislike; acerbity; 
bitterness; asperity; spleen; gall; bile; 
pique; rankling. ANT. Love; fondness; 
predilection; liking; partiality; regard. 

ANIMUS (an'i-mus), n. Spirit; motive; temper. 
[L. animus, spirit.] 

ANION (an'i-on), n. Elec. That element of an 
electrolyte which in electro-chemical decom- 
position appears at the anode. Opposed to 
CATION. [Gr. ana, up, and ion, neut. pr.p. 
of aniemi, go up; ana, up, and iemi, go.] 

ANISE (an'is), n. 1. Plant bearing aromatic, 
carminative seeds. 2. Aniseed. [Gr. anison, 
anise.] 

ANISEED (an'i-sed), n. Aromatic seed of the 
anise plant. 

ANKLE (ang'kl), n. Joint connecting the foot 
and the leg. [A. S. ancleow.] 

ANKLET (angk'let), n. Ornament worn on the 
ankle, as a bracelet is on the wrist. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



ANKYLOSIS 



45 



ANNULATE 




Annamese. 
by heating. [A. 
of the class 



ANKYLOSIS, ANCHYLOSIS (ang-ki-16'sis), n. 

Anat. Coalescence of two bones, so as to 

prevent motion between them; stiffness of a 

joint. [Gr. ankylosis; from ankylos, bent.] 
ANNALIST (an'al-ist), n. Writer of annals. 
ANNALS (an'alz), n.pl. Relation of events in 

order of time; record; chronicles. [L. annates 

— annus, year.] 
ANNAM (an'am), n. Monarchy in Indo-Chinese 

peninsula, Area 52,100 

sq.m. 

Annamese (an-a-mes'), i. 

a. Of or pertaining to An- 
nam. II. n. Native or 
natives of Annam. 

Annapolis (a-nap'o-iis), n. 

Capital of Maryland; seat 
of U. S. Naval Academy. 

ANNEAL (an-neT), vt. [pr.p. 
ANNEALING; p.t. and p.p, 
ANNEALED (an-neld').] 1. 
Temper by heating and 
then slowly cooling. 2. 
Fix, as colors on glass, etc. 
S. an, on, and oelon, burn.] 

ANNELID (an'e-lid), n. Worm 
Annelida; earthworm. 

ANNELIDA (an-nel'i-da), n.pl. Class of in- 
vertebrates including the earthworms. [L. 
annellus, little ring.] 

ANNEX (an-neks'), vt. [pr.p. ANNEXING; p.t. 
and p.p. ANNEXED (an-nekst').] 1. Add at 
the end; Join; connect. 2. Make a part of 
something greater or more important. 3. 
Attach as a consequence or attribute. [L. 
annexus, p.p. of annecto; ad, to, and necto, 
Join.] 

ANNEX (an-neks' or an'neks), n. Something 
added, as an extension of a building; addition. 

ANNEXATION (an-eks-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
annexing. 2. That which is annexed. 

ANNEXATIONIST (an-eks-a'shun-ist), n. One 
in favor of annexation, as of one country to 
another. 

ANNIHILABLE (an-ni'hi-la-bl), a. Capable of 
being annihilated. 

ANNIHILATE (an-ni'hi-lat), vt. [pr.p. ANNIHI- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. ANNIHILATED.] Re- 
duce to nothing; destroy. [L. ad, to, and 
nihil, nothing.] 

ANNIHILATION (an-ni-hi-la'shun), n. Act of 
annihilating or state of being annihilated; 
destruction; disintegration. 

ANNIHILATIVE (an-ni'hi-la-tiv), a. Tending 
to annihilate or destroy. 

ANNIHILATOR (an-ni'hi-la-tur), n. One who 
or that which annihilates. 

ANNIVERSARY (an-i-ver'sa-ri), I. a. Recur- 
ring yearly. II. n. Day of the year on which 
an event happened; annual celebration of 
such a day. [L. annus, year, and verto, turn.] 

ANNOTATE (an'o-tat), v. [pr.p. ANNOTAT- 
ING; p.(. and p.p. ANNOTATED.] I. vt. Make 



notes upon. II. vi. Make notes or comments. 
[L. annotatus, p.p. of annoto; from ad, to, 
and nota, mark.] 

ANNOTATION (an-6-ta'shun), n. Act of 
annotating; note. 

ANNOTATOR (an'o-ta-tur), n. Writer of 
annotations; commentator. 

ANNOTTO (an-not'to), n. Same as ARNOTTO. 

ANNOUNCE (an-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. ANNOUN- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. ANNOUNCED (an- 
no wnst').] 1. State the approach or presence 
of. 2. Give notice of; proclaim formally or 
officially. [L. annuntio; ad, to, and nuntius f 
messenger.] 

SYN. Herald; proclaim; promulgate; 
publish; notify; advertise. ANT. Suppress; 
withhold; conceal; hide; screen; mask; veil. 

ANNOUNCEMENT (an-nowns'ment), n. Act 
of announcing; matter announced. 

ANNOY (an-noi'), vt. [pr.p. ANNOYING; p.t, 
and p.p. ANNOYED (an-noid').] 1. Be trouble- 
some to; irritate. 2. Injure repeatedly. [O. 
Fr. anoier; from anoi, annoyance.] 

SYN. Harass; bother; disturb; vex; 
trouble; worry. ANT. Please; gratify; 
delight; cheer; soothe; rest; aid; benefit. 

ANNOYANCE (an-noi'ans), n. 1. Act of an- 
noying, or state of being annoyed. 2. That 
which annoys. 

ANNUAL (an'u-al), I. a. 1. Yearly; occurring 
every year. 2. Lasting only one year. 3. 
Reckoned by the year. 4. Performed in a 
year. II. n. 1. Plant that lives but one year. 
2. Book published yearly. [L. annualis — 
annus, year.] 

ANNUALLY (an'u-al-i), adv. Every year; 
yearly. 

ANNUENT (an'u-ent), a. Drooping or nodding. 
[L. annuens, bow or nod.] 

ANNUITANT (an-nu'i-tant), n. One who re- 
ceives an annuity. 

ANNUITY (an-nu'i-ti), n. [pi. ANNU'ITIES.] 
Sum of money payable yearly. 

ANNUL (an-nul), vt. [pr.p. ANNUL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. ANNULLED (an-nuld').] 1. Destroy 
the validity of; make null. 2. Reduce to 
nothing; extinguish. [L. annullo; ad, to, 
and nullum, nothing.] 

SYN. Repeal; nullify; abrogate; cancel; 
reverse; rescind; revoke; quash; obliterate. 
ANT. Confirm; uphold; ratify; maintain; 
sustain; avow; concur; acknowledge. 

ANNULAR (an'u-lar), a. Shaped or formed like 
a ring. — Annular eclipse, ring-like appear- 
ance of outer rim of sun when eclipsed by the 
moon. 

ANNULARITY (an-u-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or 
condition of being annular. 

ANNULARLY (an'u-lar-li), adv. After the 
manner of a ring. 

ANNULATE (an'u-lat), ANNULATED (an'u- 
la-ted), a. 1. Formed or divided into rings. 
2. Furnished with rings. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=c?i in Scotch loch. 



ANNULET 



40 



ANSWERABLENESS 



ANNULET (an'u-let), n. 1. Small ring. 2. 
One of the narrow fillets encircling a Doric 
column at the top. [L. annulus, ring.] 

ANNULMENT (an-nul'ment), n. Act of annul- 
ling. 

ANNULOSE (an'u-los), a. Formed in, or having, 
rings. 

ANNULUS (an'u-lus), n. [pi. ANNULI (an'u-li).] 
Astron. Ring or halo around the moon or 
other planets. [L. annulus, ring.] 

ANNUNCIATE (an-nunshi-at), vt. [pr.p. AN- 
NUNCIATING; p.*. and p.p. ANNUNCIATED-1 
[L. annunciatus, p.p. of annuntio. See AN- 
NOUNCE.] 

ANNUNCIATION (an-nun-shi-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of announcing. 2. That which is an- 
nounced. — Annunciation day, anniversary of 
the angel's salutation to the Virgin Mary; the 
25th day of March. 

ANNUNCIATOR (an-nun'shi-a-tur), n. One who 
or that which announces; device for announ- 
cing a call. 

ANODE (an'od), n. Pole at which current enters 
electrolytic cell; positive pole of voltaic cur- 
rent. Opposed to CATHODE. [Gr. ana, up, 
and hodos, way.] 

ANODYNE (an'6-din), I. n. Medicine that 
allays pain. II. a. Having power to dimin- 
ish pain; soothing. [Gr. an priv. and odyne, 
pain.] 

ANOGEN (an'o-jen), n. Bot. Plant that grows 
upward. [Gr. ana, upward, and -GEN.] 

ANOINT (a-noinf), vt. {pr.p. ANOINT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ANOINT'ED.] 1. Spread, pour, 
or rub ointment or oil on. 2. Put oil on as a 
sacred rite; consecrate. [O. Fr. enoint, p.p. 
of enointre; from L. inungo; in, on, and ungo, 
smear.] 

ANOINTED (a-noint'ed), n. Consecrated person. 

ANOINTMENT (a-noint'ment), n. Consecration. 

ANOMALISM (a-nom'a-lizm), n. Anomaly; 
irregularity. 

ANOMALISTIC (a-nom-a-lis'tik), a. Deviating 
from rule. 

ANOMALOUS (a-nom'a-lus), a. Deviating from 
rule; irregular; abnormal. [L.L. anomalus; 
from Gr. anomalos; an priv. and homalos, 
alike; homos, same.] 

ANOMALOUSLY (a-nom'a-lus-li), adv. Ir- 
regularly. 

ANOMALOUSNESS (a-nom'a-lus-nes), n. Ir- 
regularity. 

ANOMALY (a-nom'a-li), n. 1. Deviation from 
rule; irregularity; exception. 2. Astron. 
The angle measuring the distance of a planet 
from its perihelion, as seen from the sun. 

ANOMY (an'6-mi), n. Lawless or chaotic state. 
[Gr. anomia, lawlessness.] 

ANON (a-non'), adv. Immediately thereupon; 
again; soon. [A. S. on ane, at once.] 

ANONA (a-no'na), n. Heart-shaped custard fruit 
grown in tropical America; sometimes called 
chlrimoya. 



ANONYM (an'o-nim), n. 1. One whose name is 
unknown. 2. Pen-name; pseudonym. [Gr. 
an priv. and onyma, name.] 

ANONY3IOUS (a-non'i-mus), a. 1. Having no 
name disclosed. 2. Without the name of the 
author. 

ANONYMOUSLY (a-non'i-mus-li), adv. In an 
anonymous manner. 

ANORTHOSCOPE (an-ar'tho-skop), n. Circular 
disk-like optical instrument with slits at regu- 
lar intervals through which pictures are seen 
as though animated and moving when the 
disk is revolved before a looking-glass. [Gr. 
an priv., orthos, straight, and skopeo, view.] 

ANOSMIA (a-nos'mi-a), n. Defective sense 
of smell. [Gr. an, not, and osmos, smell.] 

ANOTHER (an-u«7t'er), o. and pron. 1. One 
more; an additional. 2. A different one; 
not the same. 3. Changed in character. 

ANSA (an'sa), n. [pi. AN'SJS.] 1. Handle; 
loop. 2. Astron. One of the apparent ends of 
the rings of Saturn, protruding like handles. 

ANSER (an'ser), n. Ornith. Typical genus of 
the order Anseres, including the geese. 
[L. anser, goose.] 

ANSERES (an'se-rez), n.pl. Ornith. Order of 
natatorial birds, containing the geese, ducks, 
swans, etc. [L. anseres, geese.] 

ANSERINE (an'se-rin), a. 1. Referring to or 
resembling a goose. 2. Stupid; silly. [L. 
anserinus; from anser, goose.] 

ANSWER (an'ser), v. [pr.p. ANSWERING; p.t. 
and p.p. ANSWERED (an'serd).] I. vt. 1. 
Make reply to, in speech or writing; respond 
to by signal or sign. 2. Act in response to. 3. • 
3Iake or constitute a satisfactory or conclu- 
sive reply to; refute. 4. Solve correctly, as 
a problem. 5. 3Ieet the requirements of; 
suit. 6. Atone for. II. vi. 1. Speak, write, 
signal, or act in response. 2. Be sufficient. 
3. Be responsible, as for another's good con- 
duct. 4. Atone; pay. 5. Have similarity; 
correspond. [A. S. andswerian, reply; and, 
against, and swerian, swear.] 

ANSWER (an'ser), n. 1. Reply to anything, as 
to a letter, question, charge, or obligation. 
2. Action in return. 3. Correct solution of 
a problem. 

SYN. Reply; rejoinder; response; ac- 
knowledgment; retort; repartee; refutation; 
defense; vindication; solution; explanation. 
ANT. Question; inquiry; query; research; 
interrogatory; enigma; challenge; interpel- 
lation. 

ANSWERABLE (an'ser-a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being answered. 2. Liable to pay or in- 
demnify; responsible; accountable. 3. Suf- 
ficient to meet requirements; suitable. 

SYN. Amenable; responsible; liable; 
accountable. ANT. Irresponsible; clear. 

ANSWERABLENESS (an'ser-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- i. 
ity of being answerable. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ANSWERABLY 



47 



ANTENNA 



ANSWERABLY (an'ser-a-bli), adv. In an an- 
swerable manner. 

ANSWERER (an'ser-er), n. One who answers. 

ANT (ant), n. Small hymenopterous insect; 
emmet; pismire. [A. S. cemete. See EMMET.] 

ANT-, prefix. Against, etc. [See ANTI.] 

-ANT, suffix. Used to form adjectives, as re- 
pentant. [L., pr.p. ending.] 

ANTACID (ant-as'id), I. a. Counteracting 
acidity. II. n. Medicine which counteracts 
acidity. [ANT- and ACID.] 

ANTAEUS (an-te'us), n. Greek Myth. A Libyan 
giant vanquished by Hercules; each time that 
Hercules threw him the giant gained fresh 
strength from touching the earth, so Hercules 
lifted him off the ground and squeezed him to 
death. 

ANTAGONISM (an-tag'o-nizm), n. Opposition 
in a struggle or strife. [Gr. antag onisma ; 
from anti, against, and agon, fight.] 

ANTAGONIST (an-tag'o-nist), n. One who 
contends or struggles with another; opponent. 

ANTAGONISTIC (an-tag-o-nis'tik), a. Con- 
tending against; opposed to. 

ANTAGONIZE (an-tag'o-niz), vt. [pr.p. AN- 
TAGONIZING; p.t. and p.p. ANTAGONIZED 
(an-tag'6-nizd).] 1. Contend with; struggle 
against. 2. Cause to rise in opposition or to 
become hostile. 

ANTALGIC (ant-al'jik), I. a. Tending to al- 
leviate pain; anodyne. II. n. Anodyne. [Gr. 
ant-, against, and algos, pain.] 

ANTARCTIC (ant-ark'tik), a. Relating to the 
south polar regions. [ANT- and ARCTIC] 

Antarctic (ant-ark'tik) Ocean, ocean 

around the South Pole. 
ANTARTHRITIC (ant-ar-thrit'ik), I. a. Al- 
leviating gout. II. n. Remedy for gout. 

[ANT- and ARTHRITIC] 
ANT-BEAR (ant'bar), n. Great ant-eater of 

tropical America; tamanoir. 
ANTE- (an'te), prefix. Before, as in antecedent. 

[L. ante, before.] 
ANTE (an'te), n. In the game of poker, a stake 

put up before the cards are dealt. [L. ante, 

before.] 
ANTE (an'te), vi. [pr.p. AN'TEING; p.t. and p.p. 

AN'TEED.] Put up a stake before cards are 

daalt. 
ANT-EATER (ant'et- 

er), n. Quadruped 

that feeds on ants. 
ANTECEDE (an-te- 

sed'), vt. [pr.p. AN- 

TBCE'DING; p.t. 

and p.p. ANTE- 

CE'DED.l Go before 

in rank, order, or 

time; precede. [L. 

antecedo; from ante, 

before, and cedo, go.] 
.NTECEDENCE (an-te-se'dens), n. 1. Act of 

going before, or state of being before; pre- 




Ant-eater ( Myrmecobivs 
fasciatus). 



Apparent retrograde 
Priority; 



cedency. 2. Astron. 
motion of a planet. 

ANTECEDENCY (an-te-se'den-si), n. 
precedence. 

ANTECEDENT (an-te-se'dent), I. a. Going be- 
fore in time; prior. II. n. 1. That which 
goes before in time or place. 2. Noun or 
pronoun to which a relative pronoun refers. 
3. [pi.] Previous characteristic events of one's 
life. 

ANTECEDENTLY (an-te-se'dent-li), adv. In 
an antecedent manner. 

ANTECHAMBER (ante-cham-ber), n. Cham- 
ber leading to a principal apartment; ante- 
room. 

ANTEDATE (an'te-dat), vt. [pr.p. ANTEDAT- 
ING; pt. and p.p. ANTEDATED.] 1. In- 
scribe with an earlier date than the true one. 
2. Be of older date than. 3. Anticipate. 
[ANTE- and DATE.] 

ANTEDILUVIAN (an-te-di-lo'vi-an), I. a. 1. 
Existing or happening before the deluge. 2. 
Antiquated. II. n. One who lived before 
the flood. [L. ante, before, and diluvium, 
flood.] 

ANTELOPE (ante- 

lop), n. Quadruped 
intermediate between 
the deer and goat. 

ANTEMERIDIAN (an- 
te-me-rid'i-an), a. 
Before midday or 
noon. 

ANTEMETIC (ant-e- 
met'ik), I. a. Tend- 
ing to check vomit- 
ing. II. n. Medicine 
which tends to allay 
[ANT- and EMETIC] 

ANTEMUNDANE (an-te-mun'dan), 
time before the world was made. 

ANTENATAL (an-te-natal), a. Pertaining to 
conditions before birth; preceding birth. 




Antelope (A. clorcas). 
»r prevent vomiting. 

a. Of the 




Antenna. 

ANTENNA (an-ten'na), n. [pi. ANTEN'NU.] 
1. Feeler on the head of an insect, crustacean, 
or myriapod. 2. Electric wave transmitter 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ANTENUPTIAL 



48 



ANTICHRISTIAN 






made of wire, used in wireless telegraphy. [L., 
sailyard; from Gr. ana, up, and teino, stretch.] 

ANTENUPTIAL (an-te-nup'shal), a. Before 
nuptials or marriage. 

ANTEPASCHAL (an-te-pas'kal), a. Immediately 
before the Passover or Easter. 

ANTEPENULT (an-te-pe-nult), ANTEPENULT- 
IMA (an-te-pe-nult'i-ma), n. Last syllable of 
a word except two; syllable before the penult. 
[L., from ante, before, and pmnultima, penult.] 

ANTEPENULTIMATE (an-te-pe-nulti-mat), I. 
a. Pertaining to the last syllable but two. II. 
n. The last syllable but two. 

ANTEPRANDIAL (an-te-pran'di-al), a. Occur- 
ring before dinner. [L. ante, before, and 
prandium, dinner.] 

ANTERIOR (an-te'ri-ur), a. Before, in time or 
place; in front. [L. ante, before.] 

ANTERIORITY (an-te-ri-or'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being anterior. 

ANTEROOM (an'te-rom), n. Room leading into 
a chief apartment. [ANTE- and ROOM.] 

ANTETTPE (an'te-tip), n. Type of prehistoric 
ages. [ANTE- and TYPE.] 

ANTHELION (an-thel'yun), n. Astron. Solar 
halo occurring in Alpine and Polar regions. 
[Gr. anti, against; helios, sun.] 

ANTHELMINTHIC (an-thel-min'thik), I. a. 
Expelling worms; tending to expel worms. II. 
n. Medicine which expels worms; vermifuge. 
[ANT-, and Gr. helmins, helminthos, worm.] 

ANTHEM (an'them), n. 1. Piece of sacred 
music sung in alternate parts. 2. Piece of 
sacred music set to a passage from Scripture. 
[A. S. antefen; from Gr. antiphdnos; anti, in 
return, and phone, voice.] 

ANTHER (anther), n. Bot. Top 
of stamen in a flower, containing 
the pollen. [Gr. antheros, flow- 
ery; from anthos, flower.] 

ANTHERAL (an'ther-al), a. Bot. 
Pertaining to anthers. 

ANTHERIFEROUS (an-ther-if'er- 
us), a. Bot.^ Bearing anthers. 

ANTHESIS (an-the'sis), n. Bot. 
State of inflorescence or full ex- 
pansion. [Gr.] Anther. 

ANT-HILL (ant'hil), n. Nest-mound built 
by ants or termites. 

ANTHOID (an'thoid), a. Resembling a flower. 
[Gr. anthos, flower, and eidos, form.] 

ANTHOLOGICAL (an-tho-loji-kal), a. Per- 
taining to anthology. 

ANTHOLOGY (an-tholo-ji), n. Collection of 
passages of flowerlike beauty, especially from 
classic authors. [Gr. anthologia; anthos, 
flower, and lego, gather.] 

ANTHO MANIA (an-tho-ma'ni-a), n. Mania for 
flowers. [Gr. anthos, flower, and mania, 

madness.] 

ANTHOZOA (an-tho-zo'a), n.pl. Flower-ani- 
mals; the polyps. [Gr. anthos, flower, and 
zoon, life.] 




ANTHOZOAN (an-tho-zo'an), I. a. Pertaining 
to the Anthozoa. II. n. One of the Anthozoa. 

ANTHRACENE (anthra-sen), n. Ultimate ref- 
use of distilled coal tar. [Gr. anthrax, coal.] 

ANTHRACITE (anthra-sit), n. Hard coal that 
burns almost without flame. [Gr. anthrakites, 
carbuncle; from anthrax, burning coal.] 

ANTHRACITIC (an-thra-sit'ik), a. Pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, anthracite. 

ANTHRACONITE (an-thra-konit), n. Ill- 
smelling marbleized coal. [Gr. anthraxios, 
like coal.] 

ANTHRAX (an'thraks), n. 1. Carbuncle. 2. 
Splenic fever of sheep and cattle. [Gr. anthrax, 
burning coal.] 

ANTHROPOID (an'thro-poid), I. a. Resembling 
man. II. n. Manlike ape. [Gr. anthropos, 
man, and eidos, form.] 

ANTHROPOLOGICAL (an-thro-po-loj'i-kal), a. 
Pertaining to anthropology. 

ANTHROPOLOGIST (an-thro-pol'o-jist), n. One 
versed in anthropology. 

ANTHROPOLOGY (an-thro-pol'o-ji), n. Science 
of man and mankind. [Gr. anthropos, man, 
and logos, doctrine.] 

ANTHROPOMORPHIC (an-thro-po-mar'flk), a. 
Pertaining to anthropomorphism; anthropo- 
morphous. 

ANTHROPOMORPHISM (an-thro-po-mar'- 

fizm), n. 1. The ascription of a human form 
or qualities to God. 2. The ascription of hu- 
man qualities to beings or things not human. 
[Gr. anthropos, man, and morphe, form.] 

ANTHROPOMORPHIST (an-thro-po-mar'flst), 
n. Believer in or advocate of the doctrine of 
anthropomorphism. 

ANTHROPOMORPHITE (an-thro-po-mar'fit), 
I. a. Pertaining to anthropomorphism. II. n. 
Anthropo morphi st. 

ANTHROPOMORPHOUS (an-thro-po-mar'fus), 
a. Having a human form. 

ANTHROPOPHAGI (an-thro-pof'a-ji), n.pl. 
People who eat human flesh; cannibals. [Plural 
of L. anthropophagus ; Gr. anthropophagos; 
anthropos, man, and phago, eat.] 

ANTHROPOPHAGOUS (an-thro-pof'a-gus), o. 
Man-eating; cannibalistic. 

ANTHROPOPHAGY (an-thro-pof'a-Ji)> n. Can- 
nibalism. 

ANTI-, prefix. Against; opposite. [Gr.] 

ANTIARIN (an'ti-a-rin), n. Chem. Cardiac 
poison, most virulent known. 

ANTIC (antik), 1. a. Grotesque. 2. Odd. II. 
n. 1. Caper; trick. 2. Fantastic figure. 3. 
Buffoon. [L.* antiquus, ancient.] 

ANTI CATHODE (an-ti-kath 6d), n. 1. Deflec- 
tion plate placed opposite the cathode of an 
X-ray tube. 2. Platinum plate supported 
inside of an X-ray tube to receive the cathodic 
bombardment. 

ANTICHRIST (an'ti-krlst), n. Antagonist of 
Christ. 

ANTICHRISTIAN (an-ti-kris'chan) or (an-ti- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ANTICIPANT 



49 



ANTIPHON 



kris'ti-an), a. 1. Relating to Antichrist. 2. 
Opposed to Christianity. 

ANTICIPANT (an-tis'i-pant), I. a. Anticipating. 
II. n. Anticipator. 

ANTICIPATE (an-tis'i-pat), v. [pr.p. ANTIC- 
IPATING; p.t. and p.p. ANTICIPATED.] I. 
vt. 1. Be before in acting, in seeing, or in 
realizing; forestall. 2. Foresee; foretaste; 
be prepared for; expect. II. vi. Take up or 
consider something beforehand. [L. ante, be- 
fore, and capio, take.] 

SYN. Expect; hope for; count upon; pre- 
pare for; calculate upon; foresee; forecast; 
previse; obviate; prevent; preclude; pre- 
judge. ANT. Remember; recall; recollect; 
remedy; undo; misapprehend; distrust. 

ANTICIPATION (an-tis-i-pa/shun), n. Act of 
anticipating; foretaste. 

SYN. Expectation; apprehension; fore- 
sight; prevision. ANT. Doubt; despair; 
surprise; realization; consummation; shock; 
incertitude; suspense. 

ANTICIPATIVE (an-tisi-pa-tiv), a. Containing 
an anticipation; anticipating. 

ANTICIPATOR (an-tis'i-pa-tur), n. One who 
anticipates. 

ANTICIPATORY (an-tis'i-pa-to-ri), a. Per- 
taining to or characterized by anticipation. 

ANTICLI31AX (an-ti-kli'maks), n. Opposite 
of climax; a fault of style, consisting in a 
descent from stronger to weaker terms, or 
from more important to less important items. 
[ANTI- and CLIMAX.] 

ANTICLINAL (an-ti-klinal), I. a. Geol. Form- 
ing a ridge; opposed to SYNCLINAL. II. n. 
Ridge or convex fold in, or disposition of, 
stratified rock. [ANTI-, and Gr. Mind, slope.] 

ANTICYCLONE (an-ti-si'klon), n. Meteorol. 
Atmospheric condition in which there is an 
outward flow of air from a central region of 
high pressure. 

ANTIC YCLONIC (an-ti-si-klon'ik), a. Pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, an anticyclone. 

ANTIDOTAL (an'ti-do-tal), a. 1. Pertaining to 
antidotes. 2. Having the nature of an antidote. 

ANTIDOTE (an'ti-dot), n. Medicine that coun- 
teracts the effects of poison; counteractive 
against any evil. [Gr. anti, against, and dotos, 
given; from didomi, give.] 

ANTIETAM (an-te'tam), n. Small river in Penn- 
sylvania and Maryland; scene of battle Sept. 
17, 1862. 

ANTIFEBRILE (an-ti-feb'ril), a. Allaying fever; 
antipyretic. [ANTI- and FEBRILE.] 

ANTIFEBRINE (an-ti-feb'rin), w. Medicine to 
allay fever; acetanilid. 

ANTIFRICTION (an-ti-frik'shun), I. a. Tending 
to lessen friction. II. n. 1. Device for lessen- 
ing friction. 2. Lubricant. 

ANTIGONE (an-tig'6-ne), n. Greek Myth. 
Daughter of Oedipus, king of Thebes, - by 
Jocasta; famous for her filial devotion; sub- 
ject of one of Sophocles tragedies. 



ANTILLES (an-til'ez), n.pl. West Indies, ex- 
cept Bahamas. 

ANTIMONIAL (an-ti-mo'ni-al), I. a. Pertaining 
to antimony; containing antimony. II. n. 
Medicine containing antimony. 

ANTIMONIATE (an-ti-mo'ni-at), w. Salt of 
antimonic acid. 

ANTIMONIC (an-ti-mon'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
derived from, or containing antimony. 

ANTIMONIOUS (an-ti-mo'ni-us), a. Pertaining 
to or containing antimony. 

ANTIMONY (an'ti-mo-ni), n. Silvery-white 
metallic element, very brittle, much used in 
the alloys (pewter, etc.) and in medicine. [L.L. 
antimonium.] 

ANTINODE (an'ti-nod), n. Physics. Vibratory 
point between two nodes. [L. anti, against; 
nodus, knot.] 

ANTINOMIAN (an-ti-no'mi-an), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to antinomianism. II. n. One who holds 
the doctrine of antinomianism. [From Gr. 
anti, against, and nomos, law.] 

ANTINOMIANISM (an-ti-no'mi-an-izm), n. 
Doctrine that belief in Christ frees one from 
the obligations of the moral law. 

ANTINOMY (an-tin'o-mi or an'ti-no-mi), n, 1. 
Contradiction between two laws or principles. 
2. A law contradicting another. 3. Contra- 
diction of reason and absolute conception. 
(Instance: Infinite space or time, although 
necessary absolute conceptions, are incom- 
prehensible.) [ANTI-, and Gr. nomos, law.] 

ANTIOCH (an'ti-ok), n. City in Syria, Asiatic 
Turkey. 

ANTIOPE (an-ti'o-pe), n. Greek Myth. Daughter 
of the god Asophus, and mother by Zeus of 
Amphion and Zethus. She was the victim of 
ill-treatment by Dirce, wife of Lycus, on 
whom she took a frightful revenge. [See 
DIRCE.] 

ANTIPATHETIC (an-ti-pa-thet'ik), a. Having 
or showing antipathy; naturally repugnant 
or opposed. 

ANTIPATHIC (an-ti-path'ik), a. Having op- 
posite feelings; contrary. 

ANTIPATHY (an-tip'a-thi), n. [pi. ANTIP'A- 
THIES.] 1. Natural opposition, aversion or 
repugnance. 2. Object of instinctive dislike. 
[ANTI- and -PATHY.] 

SYN. Dislike; hatred; enmity; nausea; 
disgust; distaste; hostility; antagonism; re- 
pulsion; detestation; contrariety. ANT. 
Sympathy; kindness; congeniality; af- 
finity; harmony; agreement; attraction. 

ANTIPHARMIC (an-ti-far'mik), I. a. Anti- 
dotal. II. n. Antidote. [ANTI-, and Gr. 
pharmakon, drug.] 

ANTIPHLOGISTIC (an-ti-fl6-jis'tik), I. a. 

Tending to counteract inflammation or fever; 
antifebrile. II. n. Medicine which counter- 
acts feverish heat. 

ANTIPHON (an'ti-fon), ANTIPHONE (an'ti- 
fon), n. 1. Chant or alternate singing in 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ANTIPHONAL 



50 



ANTIZTMIC 



[Gr. anU, 



to 



choirs. 2. Any fitting response, 
against, and phone, voice.] 

ANTIPHONAL (an-tif o-nal), a. Pertaining 
antiphon or alternate singing. 

ANTIPHONALLY (an-tif o-nal-i), adv. Respon- 
sively. 

ANTIPHONARY (an-tif o-na-ri), n. [pi. AN- 
TIPH'ONABIES.] Book containing words 
and music of antiphons. 

ANTIPHONIC (an-ti-fon'ik), a. Antiphonal. 

ANTIPHONT (an-tif o-ni), n. Antiphon. 

ANTIPHRASIS (an-tif ra-sis), n. [pi. AN- 
TIPH'RASES.] Rhet. Use of words in a sense 
opposite to their proper meaning. [ANTI-, 
and Gr. phrasis, form of speech.] 

ANTIPHRASTIC (an-ti-fras'tik), a. Pertaining 
to antiphrasis; ironical. 

ANTIPODAL (an-tip'o-dal), a. 1. Relating to 
the antipodes. 2. Diametrically opposed. 

ANTIPODE(an'ti-pod),n. 1. One of the antip- 
podes. 2. Something exactly opposed or con- 
trary to another thing. 

ANTIPODES (an-tip'o-dez), n.pl. 1. Those who 
live on opposite sides of the earth, and, 
consequently, have their feet turned towards 
each other. 2. Parts of the earth diamet- 
rically opposite. 3. Persons or things 
exactly opposed or opposite to another. 
[ANTI-, and Gr. podes, feet, from pous, 
foot.] 

ANTIPOPE (an'ti-pop), n. One who claims the 
popedom in opposition to the individual 
elected in the normal way. 

ANTIPYRETIC (an-ti-pi-ref ik), I. 
against fever. II. n. Remedy 
[ANTI-, and Gr. pyretos, fever.] 

ANTIPYRIC (an-ti-pi'rik), I. a. Preventing 
or checking suppuration. II. n. Medicine 
that checks suppuration. [ANTI-, and Gr. 
pyron, pus.] 

ANTIPYRINE (an-ti-pi'rin), n. Coal-tar prod- 
uct (C iB^jjN.jO), consisting of white crystal- 
line scales used as an antipyretic. [ANTI-, 
and Gr. pyr, fire.] 

ANTIQUARIAN (an-ti-kwa'ri-an), I. a. Per- 
taining to antiquaries, or to antiquity. II. n. 
Antiquary* 

ANTIQUARIANISM (an-ti-kwa'ri-an-izm), n. 
Fondness for antiquities. 

ANTIQUARY (an'ti-kwa-ri), n. [pi. AN'TI- 
QUARIES.] 1. One devoted to the study of 
antiquities. 2. Dealer in old hooks, etc. 3. 
Custodian of a museum of antiquities. 

ANTIQUATED (an'ti-kwa-ted), a. Grown old; 
out of fashion; obsolete. 

ANTIQUE (an-tek'), I. a. Ancient; old-fash- 
ioned. II. n. 1. The style of Rome and 
Greece. 2. Anything very old; relic of an- 
tiquity. [L. antiquus, ancient.] 

ANTIQUELY (an-tek'li), adv. In an antique 
manner. 

ANTIQUENESS (an-tek'nes), n. Quality of 
being antique. 



a. Effective 
for fever. 



ANTIQUITY (an-tik'wi-ti), n. 1. Ancient time. 
2. Great age. 3. Relic of the past; anything 
belonging to ancient times. 

ANTISCIANS (an-tish'i-anz), n.pl. People liv- 
ing on opposite sides of the equator, with 
their shadows at noon cast in contrary direc- 
tions. [ANTI-, and Gr. skia, shadow.] 

ANTISCORBUTIC (an-ti-skar-bu'tik), Med. I. 
a. Efficacious against scurvy. II. n. Remedy 
for scurvy. 

ANTISCRIPTURAL (an-ti-skrip'tu-ral), a. An- 
tagonistic to the teachings of the Scriptures. 

ANTISEMITE (an-ti-sem'it), n. One who is 
antagonistic to Jews. [ANTI-, and Sem, 
Shem.] 

ANTISE3IITIC (an-ti-sem-ifik) s a. Pertaining 
to Antisemitism. 

ANTISE3IITISM (an-ti-sem'it-izm), n. An- 
tagonism to the Jews. 

ANTISEPSIS (an-ti-sep'sis), n. The exclusion 
of bacteria from wounds, etc., by use of an- 
tiseptics or other means in order to prevent 
putrefaction, infection or blood poisoning. 
[AJVTI- and SEPSIS.] 

ANTISEPTIC (an-ti-sep'tik), I. a. Destroying 
the germs of putrefaction, fermentation or 
disease. II. n. Anything used to destroy 
disease-germs. [ANTI- and SEPTIC] 

ANTISLAVERY (an-ti-sla'ver-i), I. a. Op- 
posed to slavery. II. n. Antagonism to 
slavery. 

ANTISPASMODIC (an-ti-spas-mod'ik), Med. I. 
a. Tending to prevent or allay spasms. II. 
n. Medicine designed to counteract or allay 
spasms. 

ANTITHEISM (an-ti-the'izm), n. Religious or 
philosophical opposition to a belief in God. 

ANTITHEIST (an-ti-the'ist), n. One who op- 
poses belief in God. 

ANTITHESIS (an-tith'e-sis), n. [pi. ANTITH- 
ESES.] Figure in which thoughts or words 
are set in contrast. [ANTI-, and Gr. tithemi, 
set.] 

ANTITHETIC (an-ti-thef ik), ANTITHETICAL 
(an-ti-thet'i-kal), a. Pertaining to, abounding 
in, or prone to, antithesis. 

ANTITOXIC (an-ti-toks'ik), a. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of antitoxin. 

ANTITOXIN, ANTITOXINE (an-ti-toks'in), n. 
Substance that counteracts or neutralizes 
toxin, especially that of a diphtheritic na- 
ture. [ANTI- and TOXIN.] 

ANTITRADES (an'ti-tradz), n.pl. Winds con- 
trary to the trade winds. See WINDBELTS. 

ANTITYPE (an'ti-tip), ». That which corre- 
sponds to the type, or of which the type is the 
prefiguration. [ANTI- and TYPE.] 

ANTITYPICAL (an-ti-tip'i-kal), a. Pertaining 
to an antitype. 

ANTIZYMIC (an-ti-zim'ik), ANTIZYMOTIC 
(an-ti-zi-mof ik), I. a. Preventing or tending 
to prevent fermentation or putrefaction; anti- 
septic. II. n. Antiseptic substance. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ANTLER 



51 



APATHETIC 




Ant-lion (Myrmeleon 
formicarius) . 

[ANTI-, and 



Anat. 



ANTLER (anf- 
ler), n. Entire 
horn or branch 
of horn on the 
head of a stag 
or similar ani- 
mal. [O. Fr. 
antollicr; from 
L. ante, before, 
and oculus, eye.] 

ANTLERED 
(ant'lerd), a. 
Furnished with 
antlers. 

ANT-LION (anf- 
li-un), n. Neu- 
ropterous in- 
sect noted for con- 
structing a pitfall 
in dry sand for catch- 
ing ants. 

ANTONYM (an'to- 
nim), n. Word ex- 
pressing opposite 
meaning of another 
word. Opposed to SYNONYM. 
Gr. onyma, name.] 

ANTRUM (antrum), n. [pi. ANTRA.] 
Same as SINUS. 

ANTWERP (ant'werp), n. Seaport of Belgium. 

AnUBIS (a-nu'bis), n. Egypt. Myth. Son of 
Osiris, represented as a human with a dog's 
head; he accompanied the spirits of the dead 
to the nether world. 

AnURA (a-nu'ra), n.pl. Order of amphibians 
without a tail in the adult, including the frogs 
and toads. [Gr. an priv. and oura, tail.] 

ANVIL (an'vil), n. Iron block on which metal 
is hammered. [A. S. an, on, and filt, fold.] 

ANXIETY (ang-zi'e-ti), n. 1. Mental distress 
concerning some future event; solicitude; 
misgiving. 2. Solicitous desire; eagerness. 
3. Pathol. Mental restlessness combined with 
uneasiness of the heart or stomach. [L. an- 
xietas; from anxius. See ANXIOUS.] 

SYN. Disquietude; disquiet; fretfulness; 
fretting; worry; uneasiness; apprehension; 
misgiving; concern; foreboding; dread. 
ANT. Assurance; calmness; confidence; 
ease; apathy; satisfaction. 

ANXIOUS (angk'shus), a. 1. Greatly troubled or 
solicitous about some future event. 2. Caus- 
ing, or fraught with, anxiety. 3. Eagerly 
desirous. 

SYN. Disturbed; distressed; disquieted; 
uneasy; restless; troubled; apprehensive; 
careful; watchful. ANT. Careless; uncon- 
cerned; composed; indifferent; regardless. 

ANXIOUSLY (angk'shus-li), adv. In an anxious 
manner. 

ANXIOUSNESS (angk'shus-nes), n. Anxiety. 

ANY (en'i), I. a. 1. One indefinitely; portion of, 
indefinitely. 2. Some or any number indefi- 



nitely. II. pron. One or more persons or 
things, out of a number. III. adv. In any 
degree; to any extent; in the least. [A. S. 
amig, one, anyone; from an, one.] 

ANYBODY (en'i-bod-i), pron. Any person 

whatever. 

ANYBODY (en'i-bod-i), n. [ph ANYBODIES.] 
Person of ordinary standing. 

ANYHOW (en'i-how), adv. 1. At any rate; 
someway or other; in any case. 2. Care- 
lessly. 

ANYONE (en'i-wun), pron. Anybody. (Usually 
written in two words.) 

ANYTHING (en'i-thing), pron. Any thing 

indefinite; something or other. 

ANYWAY (en'i-wa), ANYWAYS (en'i-waz), 
adv. Nevertheless; anyhow. 

ANYWHERE (en'i-hwar), adv. In any place 
whatever. 

ANYWISE (en'i-wiz), adv. In any way; in any 
respect; to any extent; at all. 

AORIST (a/6-rist), n. Gram. Past tense in the 
Greek verb indeterminate as to time. [Gr. 
aoristos, indefinite.] 

AORISTIC (a-6-ris'tik), a. Pertaining to, or of 
the nature of, the aorist. 

AORTA (a-ar'ta), n. Anat. Largest artery in the 
human body. It is the main trunk of the 
arterial system, proceeding immediately from 
the left ventricle of the heart, and carrying 
the blood to all parts of the body excepting 
the lungs. [Gr. aorte; aeiro, raise.] 

AORTAL (a-ar'tal), AORTIC (a-ar'tik), a. Per- 
taining to or resembling the aorta. 

AOUDAD (a/o-dad), n. North African wild 
sheep (Ovis tragelaphus) . 

APACE (a-pas')» adv. At a quick pace; fast; 
speedily. 

APAGOGE (ap-a-go'je), n. 1. Logic. Proving 
a proposition by exposure of the absurdity of 
its contrary. 2. Math. Progress from one 
proposition to another, when the first being 
proved is used to prove others. [APO-, and 
Gr. ago, lead.] 

APAGOGICAL (ap-a-goj'ik-al), a. Pertaining 
to apagoge. 

APART (a-parf), adv. 1. So as to be separated 
as to time, space, sympathy, purpose, etc.; 
asunder. 2. So as to be separated in thought. 
3. In parts or pieces. [L. ad, to, and pars, 
part.] 

SYN. Separately; aside; aloof; away; 
alone; asunder. ANT. Together; close; 
united; bound; allied; leagued. 

APARTMENT (a-part'ment), n. 1. Room in a 
house. 2. Suite of rooms — usually in the 
plural. — Apartment house, house with sev- 
eral distinct sets of rooms for separate families. 
[Fr. appartement — L. L. appartimentum — L. 
ad, to, and partio, divide.] 

APATHETIC (ap-a-thetik), APATHETICAI 
(ap-a-thet'i-kal), a. In a state of apathy; 
indifferent; unfeeling; supine. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



> 



APATHETICALLY 



52 



APISHLY 




Black Ape (Cynopithecus 
niger). 



APATHETICALLY (ap-a-thet'i-kal-i), adv. In 
an apathetic manner; unfeelingly. 

APATHIST (ap'a-thist), n. Unemotional person. 

APATHY (ap'a-thi), n. Want of feeling; want 
of passion; indifference. [Gr. apatheia — a 
priv. and pathos, suffering.] 

SYN. Indifference; unconcern; insensi- 
bility; unfeclingness;. coldness; stoicism; 
phlegm. ANT. Eagerness; interestedness; 
sensibility; susceptibility; curiosity; anx- 
iety. 

APE (ap), n. 1. Quad- 
rumanous animal 
with human teeth 
and without a tail. 
2. Monkey. 3. Silly 
imitator. [A. S. apa, 
ape.] 

APE (ap), vt. [pr.p. 
APING; p.U and 
p.p. APED (apt).] 
Imitate servilely; 
mimic. 

APEAK (a-pek'), adv. 
and a. Naut. Per- 
pendicular, or near- 
ly so; as the anchor 
of a ship when the bow is brought nearly 
over it. 

APEPSY (a-pep'si), n. Pathol. Want of di- 
gestion. [Gr. apepsia, indigestion.] 

APERIENT (a-pe'ri-ent), I. a. Opening; mildly 
purgative. II. n. Any laxative medicine. 
[L. aperiens, pr.p. of aperio, open.] 

APERITIVE (a-per'i-tiv), a. and n. Same as 
APERIENT. 

APERTURE (ap'er-tur), n. 1. Opening; hole; 
gap or passage. 2. Opt. Diameter of ob- 
ject-glass. [L. apertura; from aperio, 
open.] 

APERY (a'per-i), n. 1. Servile imitation. 2. 
Place where apes are kept. 

APETALOUS (a-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Without 
petals; as the flowers of the elm. [Gr. a priv. 
and petalon, leaf.] 

APEX (a'peks), n. [pi. A'PEXES or APICES 
(ap'i-sez).] Summit or vertex of anything; 
tip; top. [L.] 

APH-, prefix. From; off; away. [Gr. apo modi- 
fled by an aspirate immediately following it.] 

APHASIA (a-fa'zi-a or a-fa'shi-a), APHASY 
(af'a-si), n. Pathol. Loss of the power of 
speech due to a disorder of the brain. [Gr. 
a priv. and phemi, speak.] 

APHELION (af-e'li-un or a-fel'yun), n. Point of 
a planet's orbit farthest away from the sun. 
Opposed to PERIHELION. [Gr. apo, from, 
and helios, sun.] 

APHENGESCOPE (a-fen'je-skop), n. Modifi- 
cation of the magic lantern for exhibiting 
opaque objects, such as coins, movements of 
watches, etc. [Gr. aphenges, without light, 
and shaped, view.] 



APHID (af id), n. Insect of the genus Aphis; 

plant-louse. 
APHIDES (afi-dez), n. Plural of APHIS; plant- 
lice. 
APHIDIAN (a-fid'i-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 

an aphid. 2. Pertaining to the genus Aphis. 

II. n. Insect of the genus Aphis; aphid, or 

plant-louse. 
APHIS (a'fls), n. 1. Genus of insects commonly 

known as plant-lice. 2. [a-] [pi. APHIDES 

(afi-dez).] Insect of this genus; aphid; plant- 
louse. [Gr. apheideis, abundant.] 
APHLOGISTIC (af-lo-jis'tik), a. Without flame. 

[a priv. and Gr. phlogiston, inflammable.] 
APHONIA (a-fo'ni-a), APHONY (afo-ni), n. 

Pathol. Loss of voice; chronic hoarseness. 

[Gr. a priv. and phone, sound.] 
APHONIC (a-fon'ik), a. 1. Not representing a 

sound. 2. Affected with aphonia. 
APHONOUS (af'o-nus), a. Destitute of voice. 
APHORISM (af'o-rizm), n. Brief pithy saying; 

adage. [Gr. apo, off, and horizo, bound, divide.] 
APHORIST (af'o-rist), n. Maker or user of 

aphorisms. 
APHORISTIC (af-o-ris'tik), a. Pertaining to, 

or of the nature of, an aphorism. 
APHRODITE (af-ro-dite),n. Greek Myth. God- 
dess of love and wedlock, daughter of Zeus 

and Dione; Grecian Venus. 
APHTHONG (afthang), n. Silent letter; as fc 

in knife. [Gr. a priv. and phthongos, voice.] 
APHTHONGAL (af-thang'gal), a. Of the nature 

of an aphthong; not sounding. 
APHYLLOUS (a-fil'us), APHYLLOSE (a-fll'os), 

a. Bot. Without leaves ; naturally leafless. 
APIA (a'pe-a), n. Chief town and seaport of 

Upolu, Samoan Islands. 
APIARIAN (a-pi-a'ri-an), a. Relating to bees 

or an apiary. 
APIARIST (a'pi-a-rist), n. A bee-keeper; one 

who keeps bees. 
APIARY (a'pi-a-ri), n. [pi. A 'PI ARIES.] Place 

where bees are kept; also the collection of 

hives, bees, etc. [L. apiarium — apis, bee.] 
APICAL (ap'i-kal), a. Pertaining to the apex. 
APICES (ap'i-sez), n. Latin plural of APEX. 
APICULATE (a-pik'u-lat), APICULATED (a- 

pik'u-la-ted), a. Bot. Terminating abruptly 

in a little point. [L. apex, top, tip.] 
APICULTURE (a'pi-kul-tur), n. Bee-keeping. 

[L. apis, bee, and cultura, culture.] 
ApiD^ (ap'i-de), n.pl. Family of hymen- 

opterous insects, including the hive-bee and 

the bumblebee; the social bees. [L. apis, bee.] 
APIECE (a-pes'), adv. Each; for each one; 

each by itself; distributively; individually; 

severally. 
APIS (a'pis), n. Myth. The greatest god ot the 

Egyptians, worshiped under the form of a bull. 
APIS (a'pis), n. Genus of bees, typical of the 

Apidoz; the hive bees. [L. apis, bee.] 
APISH (a'pish), a. Apelike; imitative; silly. 
APISHLY (a'pish-li), adv. In an apish manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



APLOMB 



53 



APOSTROPHE 



APLOMB (a-plang'), n. Self-possession; assur- 
ance. [Fr., from a plomb, erect position.] 

APO-, prefix. From; off; away. [Gr.] 

APOCALYPSE (a-pok'a-lips), n. 1. Book re- 
cording revelation made to St. John in the 
-isle of Patmos. 2. [a-] The revelation itself. 
3. [a-] Any disclosure. [Gr. apo, off, and 
kalypto, cover.] 

APOCALYPTIC (a-pok-a-lip'tik), APOCA- 
LYPTICAL (a-pok-a-lip'ti-kal), a. 1. Per- 
taining to the Apocalypse. 2. Pertaining to, 
or containing, a revelation. 

APOCOPATE (a-pok'o-pat), vt. [pr.p. APOCO- 
PATING; p.t. and p.p. APOC'OPATED.] Gram. 
Cut off or shorten by dropping the last letter 
or syllable of. [Gr. apo, off, and kopto, cut.] 

APOCOPATION (a-pok-o-pa'shun), n. Ab- 
breviation by apocope. 

APOCOPE (a-pok'o-pe), n. 1. Gram. Cutting 
off or dropping of the last letter or syllable of 
a word. 2. Med. Removal of part of the 
body by cutting. [L., from Gr. apokope — 
apokopto, cut off.] 

APOCRYPHA (a-pok'ri-fa), n. Certain books 
appended to the Old Testament, regarded as 
uncanonical by the Greek and the Protestant 
Churches. [Gr. apokriphos, hidden; apo, 

away, and krypto, hide.] 

APOCRYPHAL (a-pok'ri-fal), a. 1. Pertaining 
to the Apocrypha; not canonical. 2. [a-] 
Of doubtful authority; spurious. 

APOD (ap'od), APODE (ap'od), n. Zool. 1. 
Animal without feet. 2. Fish without ven- 
tral fins. [Gr. a priv. and pous, podos, foot.] 

APODAL (ap'o-dal), a. 1. Without feet or foot- 
like appendages. 2. Without ventral fins. 

APODOSIS (a-pod'o-sis), n. Gram. Conse- 
quent clause in a conditional sentence. See 
PROTASIS. [Gr. apo, back, and didomi, 
give.] 

APOGEAN (ap-o-je'an), a. Astron. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the moon's apogee. 2. Moving away 
from the earth. 

APOGEE (ap'o-je), n. 1. Astron. Point of the 
moon's orbit farthest away from the earth. 
2. Farthest or highest point; culmination. 
[Gr. apo, from, and ge, earth.] 

APOLLO (a-pol'6), n. Greek Myth. God of all 
fine arts, including medicine; the son of Jupiter 
and Latona. 

APOLOGETIC (a-pol-o-jet'ik), APOLOGETICAL 
(a-pol-o-jet'ik-al), I. a. Excusing; said or 
written in defense. II. n. Apology. [Gr. 
apologetikos ; apo, from, and lego, speak.] 

APOLOGETICS (a-pol-o-jet'iks), n. That branch 
of theology which seeks to vindicate the Chris- 
tian religion, or show reason why it must be 
accepted as of divine authority. 

APOLOGIST (a-pol'o-jist), n. One who argues 
in defense of a cause or person. 

APOLOGIZE (a-pol'o-jiz), vi. [pr.p. APOLO- 
GIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOLOGIZED (a-pol'- 
o-jlzd).] 1. Make acknowledgment of an 



error or offense, expressing regret. 2. Make 
an exculpating excuse. 

APOLOGUE (ap'6-log), n. Moral tale; fable. 
[Gr. apologos, fable.] 

APOLOGY (a-pol'o-ji), n. [pi. APOL'OGIES.] 
Something spoken to ward off an attack; de- 
fense or justification. [Gr. apologia, from 
apo, away, and logos, speech.] 

SYN. Excuse; explanation; amends; 
exculpation; reparation. ANT. Insult; 
injury; offense; retort; recrimination. 

APOPHTHEGM (ap'o-them), n. See APO- 

THEGM. 

APOPLECTIC (ap-6-plek'tik), a. Of, or pre- 
disposed to, apoplexy. 

APOPLEXY (ap'6-pleks-i), n. Loss of sensation 
and motion caused by a cerebral shock; 
stroke of paralysis. [Gr. apo, from, and 
plesso, strike.] 

APORT (a-porf), adv. Naut. On or toward 
the left side of a ship. 

APOSTASY (a-pos'ta-si), n. Abandonment of 
one's religion, principles or party. [Gr. apo f 
off, and stasis, a standing.] 

APOSTATE (a-pos'tat), I. a. False; traitorous; 
fallen. II. n. One guilty of apostasy; rene- 
gade; pervert. 

APOSTATICAL (ap-o-stat'i-kal), a. Pertain- 
ing or relating to an apostate. 

APOSTATIZE (a-pos'ta-tiz), vi. [pr.p. APOS'- 
TATIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOSTATIZED 
(a-pos'ta-tizd).] Abandon one's faith, church, 
principles, or political party; commit apostasy. 

APOSTEMATE (a-pos'te-mat), vi. [pr.p. APOS'- 
TEMATING; p.t. and p.p. APOS'TEMATED.] 
Form an abscess. 

APOSTEMATION (a-pos-te-ma'shun), n. Proc- 
ess of apostemating, or forming an abscess; 
suppuration. 

APOSTEME (ap'o-stem), n. Abscess. [Gr. 
apostema; apo, from, and histemi, stand.] 

APOSTIL, APOSTILLE (a-pos'til), n. Marginal 
annotation. [Fr. apostille, postscript.] 

APOSTLE (a-pos'l), n. 1. One of the twelve 
commissioned by Christ to preach the Gospel. 
2. One sent on or dedicated to some high mis- 
sion. 3. Devoted follower and advocate. 
[Gr. apostolos, messenger; apo, away, and 
stello, send.] 

APOSTLESHIP (a-pos'1-ship), n. Office or dig- 
nity of an apostle. 

APOSTOLATE (a-pos'to-lat), n. State of being 
an apostle; apostleship. 

APOSTOLIC (ap-os-toFik), APOSTOLICAL 
(ap-os-tol'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining or accord- 
ing to the apostles. 2. Pertaining to the pope; 
papal. 

APOSTOLICITY (a-pos-to-lis'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being apostolic. 

APOSTROPHE (a-pos'tro-fe), n. 1. Gram. 
Mark ('), used to show the omission of a letter, 
or to indicate the possessive case; also the 
matter so marked. 2. Rhet. A sudden turn- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



APOSTROPHIC 



54 



APPEAR 



ing away from the subject to address some 
person or object present or absent. [Gr. 

apostrophe, turning away; apo, from, and 
strcpho, turn.] 

APOSTROPHIC (ap-os-trof'ik), a. 1. Pertaining 
to, or abounding in, the rhetorical figure 
denominated an apostrophe. 2. Pertaining 
to the omission or the mark called an apos- 
trophe. 

APOSTROPHIZE (a-pos'tro-fiz), vt. [pr.p. 
APOSTROPHIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOSTRO- 
PHIZED (a-pos'tro-fizd).] 1. Address by apos- 
trophe. 2. Omit a letter; make the sign ('). 

APOTHECARY (a-poth'e-ka-ri), n. Dispenser 
of medicines; druggist; pharmacist. [Gr. 
apotheke, storehouse — apo, away, and theke, 
chest.] 

APOTHEG3I, APOPHTHEG3I (ap'o-them), n. 
Short, pithy, instructive sentence, as a prov- 
erb; sententious maxim. [Gr. apo, from, 
and phthengomai, speak plainly.] 

APOTHEGMATIC (ap-o-theg-mat'ik), APO- 
THEG3IATICAL (ap-o-theg-mat'i-kal), a. 
Like an apothegm; abounding in apothegms. 

APOTHEGMATIST (ap-o-theg'ma-tist), n. One 
who collects or composes apothegms. 

APOTHEGMATIZE (ap-o-theg'ma-tiz), vi. [pr.p. 
APOTHEGM ATIZING; p.t. and p.p. APO- 
THEGMATIZED (ap-o-theg'ma-tizd).] Utter 
apothegms. 

APOTHEM (ap'o-them), n. 1. Math. Perpen- 
dicular line from the center to a side of a regu- 
lar polygon. 2. Pharmacy. Brown deposit 
which forms in vegetable infusions when 
cooling. [Gr. apo, from, and tithemi, put.] 

APOTHEOSIS (ap-o-the'6-sis), n. [pi. APO- 
THEOSES.] Enrollment among the gods; 
deification; excessive exaltation. [Gr. apo, 
from, and theos, god.] 

APOTHEOSIZE (ap-o-the'o-siz), vt. [pr.p. AP- 
OTHE'OSIZING; p.t. and p.p. APOTHE- 
OSIZED (ap-o-the'o-sizd).] Greatly honor; 
deify. 

APOT03IE (a-pot'6-me), n. 31ath. Difference 
between numbers that cannot be measured. 
[Gr. apo, from, and tcmno, cut.] 

Appalachian (ap-a-iach'i-an) Mountains. 

Mountain chain in eastern North America, 
from Newfoundland to Alabama. 

APPALL, APPAL (ap-pal), vt. [pr.p. AP- 
PALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPALLED (ap- 
pald').] Depress with fear or horror; terrify; 
dismay. [L. ad, to, and palleo, be pale.] 

SYN. Affright; horrify; dishearten. See 
FRIGHTEN. ANT. Embolden; assure; 
encourage; trust; reassure. 

APPANAGE (ap'a-naj), n. 1. Lands and reve- 
nues assigned to a younger son of a royal 
house. 2. Dependent territory; dependency. 
3. Natural accompaniment; adjunct. [Fr. 
from O. Fr. apancr, furnish with bread.] 

APPARATUS (ap-a-ra'tus), n. [pi. APPARA'TUS 
or APPARATUSES.] Instrument or equip- 



ment for performing an operation. A device. 
[L. ad, to, and paro, prepare.] 

APPAREL (ap-par'el), vt. [pr.p. APPARELING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPARELED (ap-par'eld).] 1. 
Dress; clothe;, place garments upon. 2. 
Equip; fit out; furnish with weapons. 3. Deck 
out gaily; adorn. [L. ad, to, and par, equal.] 

APPAREL (ap-par'el), n. 1. Dress; vesture; 
garments; clothing; clothes. 2. Furniture of 
a ship; as, sails, rigging, anchor, etc. 3. 
External habiliments; garb; decorations. 

APPARENCY (ap-par'en-si), n. State or quality 
of being apparent. 

APPARENT (ap-par'ent), a. 1. That may be 
seen; appearing. 2. Plain; obvious; indubi- 
table. 3. Seeming as opposed to real or true. 
[L. apparens, pr. p. of appareo, become visible; 
from ad, to, and pareo, appear.] 

SYN. Visible; evident; unmistakable; 
self-evident; manifest; palpable; demon- 
strative; obvious; certain; distinct; plain; 
clear; seeming; specious; ostensible. ANT. 
Unseen; unobservable; inapparent; uncer- 
tain; concealed; hidden; actual; real. 

APPARENTLY (ap-par'ent-li), adv. 1. Seem- 
ingly. 2. Plainly; clearly. 

APPARENTNESS (ap-par'ent-nes), n. State or 
quality of being apparent. 

APPARITION (ap-a-rish'un), n. 1. Act of ap- 
pearing, or state of being visible. 2. That 
which appears, especially something remark- 
able. 3. Appearance of a spirit or ghost. 
[L. apparitio; from root of APPEAR.] 

APPARITIONAL (ap-a-rish'un-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or resembling an apparition. 2. 
Capable of appearing at a distance from its 
body, as a soul. 

APPARITOR (ap-par'i-tur), n. 1. Mom. Antiq. 
Officer who attended magistrates and judges 
to execute their orders. 2. Eccl. Officer who 
serves the process of a spiritual court. 3. 
Beadle in a university. [L.] 

APPEAL (ap-pel), v. [pr.p. APPEALING; p.t. 
and p.p. APPEALED (ap-peld').] I. vt. Re- 
move, as a cause, to a higher court. II. vi. 
1. Refer a cause to a superior court. 2. Invoke 
aid, pity or mercy. [L. appello, address ; from 
ad, to, and pello, drive.] 

APPEAL (ap-pel'), n. 1. Earnest request, as 
for aid or mercy. 2. The referring of a con- 
troverted statement to another. 3. Recourse; 
resort. 4. Laiv. Application for the trans- 
fer of a cause from an inferior court or judge 
to a higher one for review; right of making 
such application. 

APPEALABLE (ap-pel'a-bl), a. That may be 
appealed. 

APPEALER (ap-pel'er), n. One who appeals; 
an appellant. 

APPEALING (ap-pel'ing), a. Imploring; 
mutely soliciting. 

APPEAR (ap-per), vi. [pr.p. APPEARING; p.t. 
and p.p. APPEARED (ap-perd').] 1. Become 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc, in Scotch loch. ' 



APPEARANCE 



55 



APPLAUSE 



visible; come into view. 2. Come before the 
public; be noticed for the first time. 3. Law. 
Come into court in person or by attorney. 4. 
Have the resemblance of being; seem; look. 
[L. appareo; ad, to, and pareo, come forth.] 

APPEARANCE (ap-per'ans), n. 1. Act of ap- 
pearing. 2. Thing seen. 3. Apparent like- 
ness. 4. Show; look and bearing. 5. Coming 
into court. 7. Assumption of a character in 
a play, etc. 

APPEASABLE (ap-pez'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
appeased. 

APPEASE (ap-pez'), vt. [pr.p. APPEASING; 

p.t. and p.p. APPEASED (ap-pezd').] 1. 

Make peace with; quiet; placate; pacify. 2. 

Allay; satisfy. [L. ad, to, and pax, peace.] 

SYN. See ALLAY and CONCILIATE. 

APPEASEMENT (ap-pez'ment), n. Act of ap- 
peasing, or state of being appeased. 

APPEASER (ap-pez'er), n. One who appeases; 
a peace-maker. 

APPEASINGLY (ap-pez'ing-li), adv. In an ap- 
peasing manner. 

APPEASIVE (ap-pez'iv), a. Having the ten- 
dency to appease; quieting. 

APPELLANCY (ap-pel'an-si), w. Capability of 
appeal. 

APPELLANT (ap-pel'ant), I. a. Appealing. II. 
n. One who appeals from an inferior to a 
superior court. 

APPELLATE (ap-pel'at), a. Having cognizance 
of appeals. 

APPELLATION (ap-pel-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
calling by a name; a naming. 2. Name by 
which a person or thing is called. 

APPELLATIVE (ap-pela-tiv), I. a. 1. Serving 
to name. 2. Gram. Common as opposed to 
proper. II. n. 1. Appellation; designation; 
name. 2. Gram. Common, as opposed to 
proper, name. 

APPELLATORY (ap-pel'a-to-ri), a. Containing 
an appeal. 

APPELLEE (ap-pel-le'), n. Law. Defendant or 
respondent in an appeal. 

APPELLOR (ap-pel'ur or ap-pel-lar'), n. Law. 
One who appeals a case to a higher court; 
appellant. 

APPEND (ap-pend), vt. [pr.p. APPENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPEND'ED.] 1. Hang to or 
upon. 2. Add as an accessory to another. 
[L. appendo, hang to; from ad, to, and pendo, 
hang.] 

SYN. Attach; affix; add; annex. ANT. 
Remove; withdraw; deduct; curtail. 

APPENDAGE (ap-pendaj), n. 1. Something 
added or appended; adjunct. 2. Hot. Sub- 
ordinate part appended to stem, leaf, etc., of 
a plant; as hairs, prickles, etc. 

APPENDANT (ap-pendant), I. a. 1. Hanging. 
2. Annexed; dependent; concomitant. II. n. 
Something appended; accessory part. 

APPENDICECTOMY (ap-pen-di-sek'to-mi), n. 
Med. Excision or removal of the vermiform 



appendix. [APPENDIX, and Gr. ektome, a 
cutting.] 

APPENDICITIS (ap-pen-di-si'tis), n. Pathol. 
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix of 
the caecum. [APPENDIX and -ITIS.] 

APPENDICLE (ap-pen'di-kl), n. Small ap- 
pendage. [L. appendicula, dim. of appendix.] 

APPENDICULAR (ap-pen-dik'u-lar), a. Con- 
sisting of, or pertaining to, an appendage. 

APPENDIX (ap-pen'diks), n. [pi. APPEN'DIXES 
or APPENDICES (ap-pen'di-sez).] 1. Any- 
thing appended; appendage. 2. Adjunct or 
concomitant, as a supplement to a book. — 
Vermiform appendix. Anat. Blind, hollow 
process from three to six inches long at the 
end of the caecum. [L.; from appendo, hang.] 

APPERCEIVE (ap-er-sev), v. [pr.p. APPER- 
CEIV'ING; p.t. and p.p. APPERCEIVED 
(ap-er-sevd').] Comprehend; perceive; recog- 
nize. 

APPERCEPTION (ap-er-sep'shun), n. 1. Self- 
consciousness. 2. Coalescence of a new idea 
with an older one, by a modification of one 
or the other. 3. Apprehension; recognition. 
[From L. ad, to, and percipio, perceive.] 

APPERTAIN (ap-er-tan ), vi. [pr.p. APPER- 
TAINING; p.t. and p.p. APPERTAINED 
(ap-er-tand').] Belong; relate. [O. Fr. apar- 
tenir; from L. ad, to, and pertineo, belong.] 

APPETENCE (ap'e-tens), APPETENCY (ap'e- 
ten-si), n. 1. Natural craving; propensity. 
2. Psych. The tendency to strive for a desired 
object. [L. appetentia; from ad, to, and peto, 
seek.] 

APPETITE (ap'e-tit), n. Natural desire; hun- 
ger; desire for food; physical or mental crav- 
ing. [See APPETENCE.] 

SYN. Appetence; craving; longing; de- 
sire; disposition; inclination; proneness; 
zest; hankering; passion; lust. ANT. Dis- 
taste; dislike; antipathy; aversion. 

APPETITIVE (ap'e-ti-tiv), a. 1. Possessed of 
an appetite. 2. Appetizing. 

APPETIZE (ap'e-tiz), vt. [pr.p. AP'PETIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPETIZED (ap'e-tizd).] Cause 
to feel hungry; give an appetite to. 

APPETIZER (ap'e-ti-zer), n. That which gives 
one an appetite. 

APPETIZING (ap'e-ti-zing), a. Exciting ap- 
petite. 

APPLAUD (ap-plad'), v. [pr.p. APPLAUDING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPLAUD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Ex- 
press approbation of, or admiration for, as by 
clapping the hands. 2. Praise in any way. 
II. vi. Express approval. [L. applaudo; ad, to, 
and plaudo, clap.] 

SYN. Cheer; approve; acclaim. ANT. 
Decry; disapprove; hiss; condemn; censure. 

APPLAUSE (ap-plaz'), n. Act of applauding; 
praise by acclamation. 

SYN. Acclamation; approval; acclaim; 
cheers; plaudit; huzzas. ANT. Obliquy; 
condemnation; denunciation; hisses. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



APPLAUSIVE 



56 



APPRECIATION 



APPLAUSIVE (ap-pla'ziv), a. Laudatory; com- 
mendatory. 

APPLE (ap'l), n. 1. Well-known fruit of trees 
of the genus Malus. 2. Tree on which it 
grows. 3. Name given to various fruits. [A. 
S. cepl.] 

APPLE-JACK (ap'l-jak), n. Spiritous liquor 
distilled from cider, 

APPLIANCE (ap-pli'ans), n. 1. Act of applying. 
2. Thing applied; means used. 

APPLICABILITY (ap-li-ka-bili-ti), n. Quality 
of being applicable; applicableness. 

APPLICABLE (ap'li-ka-bl), a. Capable of being 
applied; suitable; relevant. 

APPLICABLENESS (ap'li-ka-bl-nes), n. Ap- 
plicability. 

APPLICABLT (ap'li-ka-bli), adv. So as to be 
applicable. 

APPLICANT (ap'li-kant), n. One who applies; 
candidate. 

APPLICATION (ap-li-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
applying. 2. Thing applied. 3. Solicitation. 
4. Close attention. 

APPLICATIVE (ap'li-ka-tiv), a. Capable of 
being applied. 

APPLICATOR (ap'li-ka-tur), n. Med. Instru- 
ment for applying remedies. 





Applicator. 

APPLIED (ap-plid'), a. Put in practice; utilized 
in the industries or arts. Opposed to AB- 
STRACT or PURE. 

APPLIER (ap-pli'er), n. One who or that which 
applies; dentist's instrument for putting some- 
thing between the teeth. 

APPLIQUE (ap-le-ka), 
I. a. Put on some- 
thing else, as lace or 
embroidery on a silk 
fabric. II. n. 1. Any 
ornament cut out and 
applied to another sur- 
face, in cloth, wood or 
metal. 2. Piece of 
work thus ornamented. 

APPLY (ap-pli'), v. [pr.p. APPLY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. APPLIED (ap-plid).] I. vt. 1. Put upon 
or lay to or on, as, apply balm to a wound. 2. 
Put to a particular use; use in a particular 
case. 3. Put into practical operation, as a 
rule; pronounce suitable. 4. Give or devote, 
as one's attention. II. vt. 1. Make a formal 
request; have recourse with a view to gain 
aid; ask; inquire. 2. Be applicable; fit. [L. 
applico; ad, to, and plico, fold.] 

APPOGGIATO (ap-poch-ya'to), a. Music. 
Dwelt or leaned upon. [It.] 

APPOINT (ap-point), v. [pr.p. APPOINTING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPOINT'ED.] I. vt. Fix; assign; 
ordain; name for office; commission; set 



Applique Work. 
[Fr.] 



apart. 2. Equip; furnish. II. vi. Determine 
or decree. [Fr. appointer; from L. ad, to, 
and punctum, point.] 

APPOINTABLE (ap-point'a-bl), a. Competent 
to be appointed. 

APPOINTEE (ap-point-e), n. One who has 
received an appointment. 

APPOINTER (ap-pointer), n. One who ap- 
points. 

APPOINTMENT (ap-point'ment), n. 1. Act of 
appointing. 2. State of being appointed. 
3. Position held by appointed person. 4. 
Engagement to do something. 5. Estab- 
lished order or decree. 6. Outfit; equipment 
(usually in the plural). 

APPOMATOX (ap-6-mat'oks), n. Village and 
river in Virginia. Scene of Lee's surrender, 
April 9, 1865. 

APPORTION (ap-por'shun), vt. [pr.p. APPOR'- 
TIONING; p.t. and p.p. APPORTIONED 
(ap-por'shund).] Portion out; divide in shares. 
[L. ad, to, and portio, portion.] 

SYN. Allot; distribute; deal; assign; 
share. ANT. Collect; retain; monopolize. 

APPORTIONER (ap-por'shun-er), n. One who 
apportions. 

APPORTIONMENT (ap-por'shun-ment), n. Act, 
process or result of apportioning; allotment; 
assignment; share. 

APPOSITE (ap'6-zit), a. Adapted; suitable; 
very applicable. [L. ad, to, and pono, positum, 
place.] 

APPOSITION (ap-6-zish'un), n. 1. Act of ad- 
ding. 2. State of being placed together or 
against. 3. Gram. Annexing of one noun 
to another (or of a noun to a pronoun, etc.) 
in the same case or relation. [See APPOSITE.] 

APPRAISAL (ap-praz'al), n. Act of appraising; 
appraisement. 

APPRAISE (ap-praz), vt. [pr.p. APPRAIS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPRAISED (ap-prazd').] 1. 
Set a value on. 2. Estimate the quantity or 
quality of. 3. Speak well of; commend. [L. 
appretio; from ad, to, and pretium, price.] 

APPRAISEMENT (ap-praz'ment), n. 1. Act of 
appraising or state of being appraised. 2. 
Value at which anything is appraised. 

APPRAISER (ap-prazer), n. One who ap- 
praises, especially officially. 

APPRECIABLE (ap-pre'shi-a-bl), a. That may 
be estimated or determined; perceptible. 

APPRECIABLY (ap-pre'shi-a-bli), adv. In or 
to an appreciable amount or degree. 

APPRECIATE (ap-pre'shi-at), v. [pr.p. AP- 
PRECIATING; p.t. and p.p. APPRECIATED.] 
I. vt. 1. Value. 2. Estimate duly. 3. Be 
aware of; detect. II. vi. Rise in value. [L. 
appretio; ad, to, and pretium, price.] 

SYN. Estimate; value; prize; esteem. 
ANT. Undervalue; depreciate; misjudge. 

APPRECIATION (ap-pre-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of setting a value on. 2. Just estimation. 
3. Rise in value. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



APPRECIATIVE 



57 



APPROXIMATE 



APPRECIATIVE (ap-pre'shi-a-tiv), a. Capable 
of or showing appreciation; appreciatory. 

APPRECIATOR (ap-pre'shi-a-tur), n. One who 
appreciates or estimates justly. 

APPRECIATORY (ap-pre'shi-a-to-ri), a. Show- 
ing appreciation; appreciative. 

APPREHEND (ap-re-hend'), v. [pr.p. APPRE- 
HENDING; p.t. and p.p. APPREHENDED.] I. 
vt. 1. Take hold of; seize; arrest. 2. Grasp 
with the mind; understand; interpret. 3. 
Look forward to with anxiety; dread. II. vi. 
1. Understand. 2. Conjecture. 3. Look for- 
ward with anxiety or fear. [L. apprehendo; 
ad, to, and prehendo, seize.] 

APPREHENDER (ap-re-hend'er), n. One who 
apprehends. 

APPREHENSIRLE (ap-re-hen'si-bl), a. That 
may be apprehended. 

APPREHENSION (ap-re-hen'shun), n. 1. Act 
of apprehending or seizing. 3. Laying hold 
of with the mind. 3. Fear of future evil. 4. 
Capacity to apprehend. 

APPREHENSIVE (ap-re-hen'siv), a. 1. Fear- 
ful; suspicious. 2. Quick of perception. 

APPREHENSIVELY (ap-re-hen'siv-li), adv. 
In a manner showing apprehension. 

APPREHENSIVENESS (ap-re-hen'siv-nes), n. 
State of being apprehensive or fearful. 

APPRENTICE (ap-pren'tis), n. 1. Boy bound 

to a master to learn a trade or art. 2. Any 

learner or beginner. [O. Fr. apr entice; from 

apprendre, learn; from L. apprendo, contr. of 

.apprehendo; ad, to, and prehendo, seize.] 

APPRENTICE (ap-pren'tis), vt. [pr.p. AP- 
PRENTICING; p.t. and p.p. APPRENTICED 
(ap-pren'tist).] Bind to a craft or trade. 

APPRISE (ap-priz'), vt. [pr.p. APPRI'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPRISED (ap-prizd').] Give 
notice; inform. [Fr. appris, p.p. of ap- 
prendre, learn.] 

APPRIZE (ap-priz'), vt. [pr.p. APPRI'ZING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPRIZED' (ap-prizd').] Same 
as APPRAISE. 

APPROACH (ap-prdch'), v. [pr.p. APPROACH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. APPROACHED (ap-pr6cht).] 
I. vt. Come near to; make advances to. II. 
vi. Draw near. [Fr. approcher; L. ad, to, and 
prope, near.] 

SYN. Approximate; pursue. ANT. Re- 
cede; withdraw; retire. 

APPROACH (ap-prdch'), n. 1. Act of drawing 
near. 2. Access; avenue. 3. Approximation; 
nearness. 4. [pi.] Works thrown up by be- 
siegers to protect them in their advances. 

APPROACHABILITY (ap-proch-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality of being approachable. 

APPROACHABLE (ap-proch'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being approached; easy of access. 

APPROACHING (ap-proch'ing), n. Hort. Act or 
process of inarching, called also engrafting 
by approach. 

APPROBATE (ap'ro-bat), vt. [pr.p. APPRO- 
BATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROBATED.] 



Approve officially or formally; license. [L. 
approbatus, p.p. of approbo, approve.] 

APPROBATION (ap-ro-ba'shun), n. Act of 
approving an action or thing; commendation. 

SYN. Approval; praise; assent; sanc- 
tion; satisfaction; acceptance; confirmation; 
encouragement. ANT. Disapproval; cen- 
sure; blame; dissatisfaction; discourage- 
ment; repudiation; disparity; disavowal. 

APPROBATIVE (ap'ro-ba-tiv), a. Commenda- 
tory; laudatory. 

APPROBATIVENESS (ap'ro-ba-tiv-nes), n. 1. 
Quality of being approbative. 2. Phren. 
Faculty that is seat of desire of praise. 

APPROBATORY (ap'ro-ba-to-ri), a. Express- 
ing or implying approbation. 

APPRO PRI ABLE ( ap-pro 'pri-a-bl) , a. That may 
be appropriated. 

APPROPRIATE (ap-pro'pri-at), vt. [pr.p. AP- 
PROPRIATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROPRI- 
ATED.] 1. Take to one's self as one's own. 
2. Set apart for a purpose. [L. ad, to, and 
proprius, one's own.] 

APPROPRIATE (ap-pro'pri-at), a. 1. Suitable; 
fit; becoming. 2. Appropriated. 

APPROPRIATELY (ap-pro'pri-at-li), adv. In 
an appropriate manner. 

APPROPRIATENESS (ap-prd'pri-at-nes), n. 
Quality of being appropriate. 

APPROPRIATION (ap-pro-pri-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of taking for one's own, or of setting 
apart for a special purpose. 2. That which 
is set apart officially for a special use, as 
funds for schools. 

APPROPRIATIVE (ap-pro'pri-a-tiv), a. In- 
volving appropriation. 

APPROPRIATOR (ap-pro'pri-a-tur), n. One 
who appropriates. 

APPROVABLE (ap-pr6v'a-bl), a. That merits 
approval. 

APPRO VABLENESS (ap-prov'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality of being appro vable. 

APPROVAL (ap-prov'al), n. Act of approving; 
approbation. 

APPROVE (ap-prov), v. [pr.p. APPROVING; 
p.t. and p.p. APPROVED' (ap-provd').] I. 
vt. 1. Be pleased or express satisfaction with. 
2. Prove; show. 3. Give sanction to; con- 
firm; ratify. 4. Render worthy of approval. 
II. vi. Feel or express approbation. 

APPROVED (ap-provd), a. That has met with 
general approval; tried. 

APPROVER (ap-pro v'er), n. One who approves. 

APPROVINGLY (ap-prov'ing-li), adv. In an 
approving manner. 

APPROXIMATE (ap-proks'i-mat), v. [pr.p. AP- 
PROXIMATING; p.t. and p.p. APPROX'- 
IMATED.] I. vt. Cause to draw near; make 
approach; come near. II. vi. Come near in 
time, space degree, value, etc. [L. ad, to, and 
proximus, superl. of prope, near.] 

APPROXIMATE (ap-proks'i-mat), a. 1. Nearly 
accurate. 2. Approaching; near. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



APPROXIMATELY 



58 



AQUARELLE 




Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca). 



APPROXIMATELY (ap-proks'i-mat-li), adv. 
Nearly; by approximation. 

APPRO XIMATI ON, (ap-proks-i-ma'shun), n. 
Act or process of approximating; result ap- 
proaching correctness. 

APPROXI3IATIVE (ap-proks'i-ma-tiv), a. Ap- 
proximate. 

APPULSE(ap'uls),APPULSION(ap-pul'shun),w. 
Approach or impact of one moving body toward 
or upon another. [L. appulsus, approach.] 

APPURTENANCE (ap-pur'te-nans), n. That 
which appertains to ; appendage. 

APPURTENANT (ap-piir'te-nant), a. Belong- 
ing or appertaining; subsidiary; incident. 
[From L. L. appertincns, pr.p. of appcrtinco; 
ad, to, and pertineo, belong.] 

APRICOT (a'-pri- 
kot or ap'ri- 
kot), n. Fruit 
intermediate 
between a plum 
and a peach; 
tree yielding it. 
[Of uncertain 
etymology.] 

April (a'prii),^ 

Fourth month 
of the year. — 
April fool, one 
who is fooled 
on the first of 
April, All Fools' day. [L. Aprilis.] 

APRON (a'prun or a'purn), n. 1. Article of 
dress worn to protect the front of a person's 
clothes. 2. Anything resembling an apron 
in form or use. [O. Fr. naperon; from nape, 
cloth — L. mappa, napkin.] 

APROPOS (a-pro-po'), I. adv. 1. To the pur- 
pose; appropriately. 2. By the way. II. a. 
Opportune, fit- 
ting. Fr. apro- 
pos, to the 
point.] 

APROSEXIA(ap- 
ro-seks'i-a), w. 
Path. Inability 
to concentrate 
the mind or to 
retain infor- 
mation for any 
length of time. 
[Gr.fromopriv. 
and prosccho, 
hold to.] 

APSE (aps), n. 
Arch. 1. Sem- 
icircular or 
polygonal and 
generally 
dome - roofed 
recess in a Apse. 

building. 2. The altar end of a church. 
[L. apsis; irom Gr. Jiapsis, wheel.] 




APSIDAL (ap'si-dal), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
apsides. 2. Pertaining to or having an apse 
or apses. 

APSIS (apsis), n. [pi. APSIDES (ap'si-dez).f 1. 
Astron. One of the two points in the elliptic 
orbit, as of a planet, which are at the greatest 
and smallest distance from the central body. 
The apsides of a planet are its aphelion and 
perihelion. 2. Arch. Apse. 3. Receptacle for 
sacred relics. [L., from Gr. hapsis, arch, wheel.] 

APT (apt), a. 1. Having a natural or habitual 
tendency; liable; likely; disposed. 2. Adapted 
to its purpose; suitable; pertinent. 3. Talent- 
ed; ready; quick to learn. [L. aptus, p.p. of 
apo, fasten.] 

SYN. Applicable; fit; suitable; proper; 
meet, appropriate; befitting. ANT. Inap- 
propriate; unsuitable; unfit; awkward; 
clumsy; incompetent; stupid; inexpert. 

APTERA (ap'te-ra), n.pl. Group of inverte- 
brates containing the wingless orders of in- 
sects proper. [Gr. apteros, wingless.] 

APTERAL (ap'te-ral), a. 1. Without wings. 
2. Arch. Not having columns on the sides. 

APTEROUS (ap'te-rus), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the Aptera. 2. Wingless. 3. Bot, With- 
out wing-like expan- 
sions. 

APTERYX (ap'te-riks) 
n. Bird of New Zea- 
land, about the size 
of a hen, with rudi- 
ments of wings and 
no tail. [Gr. a. priv. 
and pteryx, 'wing.] 

APTITUDE (ap'ti- 

tud), n. 1. Fitness. 
2. Tendency. 3. 
Readiness. [See 
APT.] 

APTLY (apt'li), adv. In an apt manner. 

APTNESS (apt'nes), n. Quality of being apt. 

APTOTE (ap'tot), n. Gram. Indeclinable noun. 
[Gr. a priv. and ptotos, falling. 

AQUA (a'kwa or a'kwa), n. Water. — Aqua 
ammonim, a solution of ammonia gas in 
water; ammonia hydrate. — Aqua fortis, nitric 
acid. — Aqua regia, a mixture of one part of 
nitric acid and three or four parts of hydro- 
chloric acid. — Aqua vitw, 
any ardent spirit, especially 
brandy. [L.] 

AQUAMARINE (a-kwa-ma- 
ren'), n. 1. Bluish-green 
variety of beryl. 2. Bluish- 
green color. 

AQUAPHONE (ak'wa-fon), n. 
Watertight loud-speaking 
telephone instrument for 
marine and mining service. 

AQUARELLE (a-kwa-rei'), n. 
Painting executed in water 
colors. Aquaphone. 




Apteryx (Apteryx 
australis). 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



AQUARIUM 



59 



ARBITRESS 




AQUARIUM (a-kwa'ri-um), n. [pi. AQUA'RI- 
UMS or AQUARIA.] Vessel or building for 
water plants or animals. 

AQUARIUS (a-kwa'ri-us), ft. 1. The Water- 
bearer, eleventh sign of the zodiac. 2. Con- 
stellation of the zodiac. [L.] 

AQUATIC (a-kwat'ik), I. a. 
Pertaining to water. II. n. 1. 
Water plant or animal. 2, 
[pi.] Water sports. 

AQUATINT (a'kwa-tint), 
AQUATINTA (a-kwa-tin'ta), 
«. A kind of engraving resem- 
bling water-color drawings. 
It shows tinted spaces as well 
as lines. 

AQUEDUCT (ak'we-dukt), n. 
Artificial channel for convey- 
ing water. [L. aquceductus.] 

AQUEOUS (ak'we-us), a. Pertaining to, 
posited by, or containing, water; watery. 

AQUIFORM (a'kwi-farm), a. Like water; 

liquid. 

AQUILINE (ak'wi-lin), a. Hooked; of or like 
an eagle. [L. aquila, eagle.] 

ARAB (ar'ab), ft. 1. Native 
of Arabia. 2. [a-] Boy 
who runs the streets. Also 
called street arab. [Ar.] 

ARABESQUE (ar-a-besk'), 
I. a. 1. After the manner of 
the Arabians. 2. Pertain- 
ing to, or in the style of, 
ornamentation called ar- 
abesque. II. n. Fanciful 
style of ornamentation in 
which intertwined foliage, 
plants, geometrical fig- 
ures, and, sometimes, animals 
and persons are represented. 
[Fr.] 

ARABIA (a-ra'bi-a), ft. Large 
peninsula in S. E. Asia. Area 
173,700 sq. m. 

ARABIAN (a-ra'bi-an), I. a. 
Pertaining to Arabia. II. ft. 
Native of Arabia. 

ARABIC (ar'a-bik), I. a. Relat- 
ing to Arabia, or to its lan- 
guage. II. n. Language 
of the Arabians. — Arabic fig- 
ures, the nine digits and ci- 
pher, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. 

ARABISM (ar'a-bizm), w. Ara- 
bic idiom. 

ARABIST (ar'a-bist), n. One 

conversant with the Arabic language 
literature. 

ARABLE (ar'a-bl), a. Fit for plowing or cul- 
tivation [L. arabills; from aro, plow.] 

ARACHNE (a-rak'ne), ft. Greek Myth. A Lyd- 
ian princess, who challenges Minerva or 
Athene to a spinning contest; unsuccessful, 




Arab. 




Arabesque 
ornamentation. 



and 



she hanged herself, but Minerva changed her 
into a spider. 

ARACHNID (a-rak'nid), ft. Zool. Member of 
the class Arachnida. 

ARACHNIDA (a-rak'ni-da), ft. pi. Zool. Class 
of arthropods, including spiders, scorpions, 
mites, etc. [Gr. arachne, spider.] 

ARACHNITIS (a-rak-nitis), n. Pathol. Inflam- 
mation of the arachnoid. 

ARACHNOID (a-rak'noid), I. a. 1. Resembling 
a spider's web. 2. Anat. Pertaining to the 
membrane of the brain called the arachnoid. 
II. ft. Anat. Thin membrane spread over 
the brain and spinal cord between the dura 
mater and the pia mater. [Gr. arachne, spider, 
and eidos, form.] 

ARAGONITE (ar'a-gon-it), ft. Chetn. Crystals 
of carbonate of calcium. [Sp. Aragon and 
-ITE.] 

ARAMAIC (ar-a-ma'ik), I. a. Pertaining to 
ancient Aram (Mesopotamia and Syria) or to 
its inhabitants or language. II. «. The lan- 
guage of Palestine at the time of Christ. 

ArAMEAN (ar-a-me'an), a. and ft. Ara- 
maic. 

ARANEIDA (ar-a-nei-da), ft. pi. Zool. An 
order of arachnids; the spiders. [L. aranea, 
spider.] 

ARANEOUS (a-ra'ne-us), a. Resembling a 
cobweb; full of cobwebs. 

ARARAT (ar'a-rat), n. Mountain at junction of 
Russia, Persia and Asiatic Turkey. 

ARBITER (ar'bi-ter), ft. [fern. AR'BITRESS.] 
Umpire; judge. [L. ad, to, and bito, go or 
come.] 

ARBITRAGE (ar'bi-traj or ar-bi-trazh'), ft. 1. 
Arbitration. 2. The simultaneous buying and 
selling of bills of exchange or stocks in differ- 
ent markets. [Fr.] 

ARBITRAMENT (ar-bit'ra-ment), ft. 1. Act of 
deciding. 2. Decision of an arbiter. 

ARBITRARILY (ar'bi-tra-ri-li), adv. In an 
arbitrary manner. 

ARBITRARINESS (ar'bi-tra-ri-nes), n. Quality 
of being arbitrary. 

ARBITRARY (ar'bi-tra-ri), a. 1. Done or made 
at pleasure; not based on any principle. 2. 
Depending on the will alone; tyrannical. 3. 
Law. Not fixed by rule or statute; discre- 
tionary. 

ARBITRATE (ar'bi-trat), v. [pr.p. AR'BITRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ARBITRATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Decide as arbitrator; determine; settle. 2. 
Settle by arbitration. II. vi. 1. Act as arbi- 
trator. 2. Submit a matter of arbitration. 

ARBITRATION (ar-bi-tra'shun), n. The hear- 
ing and deciding of a question by a person or 
persons mutually agreed upon by the parties 
to the dispute. 

ARBITRATOR (arbi-tra-tiir), n. Arbiter. 

ARBITRATRIX (ar'bi-tra-triks), ft. [pi. AR- 
BITRATRI'CES.] Female arbitrator. 

ARBITRESS (ar'bi-tres), n. Female arbiter. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






ARBOR 



60 



ARCHBISHOP 



ARBOR (ar'bur), n. Lattice frame, over and 
around whi*h creeping plants grow, forming 
a shady retreat; bower. [O. Fr. herbier; from 
L. herbarium, herbary.] 

ARBOR (ar'bur), n. 1. Bot. Tree, as distin- 
guished from a shrub. 2. Mech. Axle; 
spindle. — Arbor day, day set apart for the 
planting of trees, usually the second Wednes- 
day of April. [L. arbor, tree.] 

ARBOREAL (ar-bo're-al), a. Frequenting or 
inhabiting trees; pertaining to trees. 

ARBORED (ar'bflrd), a. Furnished with an 
arbor. 

ARBOREOUS (ar-bo're-us), a. Of or pertaining 
to trees or the woods; like a tree. 

ARBORESCENCE (ar-bo-res'ens), n. State of 
being arborescent. 

ARBORESCENT (ar-bo-res'ent), a. Having 
ramifications like a tree. 

ARBORETUM (ar-bo-re'tum), n. [pi. ARBO- 
RE'TA.] Place in which trees and shrubs are 
cultivated for scientific purposes. [L.] 

ARBORICOLE (ar-bor'i-kol), a. 1. Pertaining 
to life in trees. 2. Living in trees. [L. arbor, 
tree, and colo, dwell.] 

ARBORICULTURAL (ar-bur-i-kul'tur-al), a. 
Pertaining to the cultivation of trees. 

ARBORICULTURE (ar'bur-i-kul-tur), n. Cul- 
tivation of trees. 

ARBORICULTURIST (ar-bur-i-kul'tur-ist), n. 
One who cultivates trees. 

ARBORIFORM (ar'bur-i-farm), a. Formed like 
a tree. 

ARBORIST (ar'bur-ist), n. One who makes a 
special study of trees. 

ARBOROUS (ar'bur-us), a. Full of trees; 
formed by trees; pertaining to trees. 

ARBOR-VIT^ (ar-bur-vi'te), n. Bot. Ever- 
green tree or shrub, especially the white cedar. 
[L., literally, tree of life.] 

ARBUSCLE (ar'bus-1), n. Bot. Dwarf tree; 
tree-like shrub. [L. arbuscula, dim. of arbor, 
tree.] 

ARBUTE (ar-buf), n. Same as ARBUTUS. 

ARBUTEAN (ar-bu-te'an), a. Pertaining to the 
arbutus. 

Arbutus (ar'bu-tus), n. 

plants belonging to the 
heath family. 2. [a-] Any 
plant of this genus. — 
Trailing arbutus, creeping 
plant with fragrant rose- 
colored blossoms, com- 
monly called Mayflower. 
[L. ; from arbor, tree.] 

ARC (ark), n. Arch; seg- 
ment of a circle. — Arc 
light, electric light formed 
by passage of voltaic cur- 
rent between two carbon 
points; voltaic arc. [Fr.; 
from L. arcus, bow.] 

ARC (ark), vi. [pr.p. ARCK- Arc Light. 



Bot. 1. Genus of 




H^SK 




Arcade. 



[L.; 




Arch. 

1, 7, springers, 4, keystone, 

2, 3, 5, 6, voussoirs. 



ING; p.p. and p.U ARCKED (arkt).] Form 
a voltaic arc. 
ARCADE (ar-kad), n. 1. Walk arched over. 2. 
Long arched gallery with shops on both sides,. 
3. Row of pillared 
arches. 

Arcadian (ar-ka- 

di-an), a. Pertain- 
to Arcadia, a dis- 
trict in Greece; 
pastoral; rural. 

ARCANE (ar'kan), I. 
a. Hidden, secret. 
II. n. Secret remedy; powerful charm. [L.] 

ARCANUM (ar-ka'num), n. [pi. ARCANA.] 1. 
A mystery, especially one hidden from the 
mass of men. 2. Great remedy; panacea, 
from arceo, shut in.] 

ARCH (arch), n. 1. 
Arch. Curved struct- 
ure, the two ends 
of which rest on sup- 
ports. 2. Archway. 
3. Anything of simi- 
lar form; rainbow; 
sky, etc. — Trium- 
phal arch, arch 
erected in commem- 
oration of some 
triumph. [Fr. arche; from L. arcus, bow.] 

ARCH (arch), v. [pr.p. ARCH'ING; p.U and 
p.p. ARCHED (archt).] I. vt. 1. Cover with 
an arch. 2. Form into an arch. II. vi. As- 
sume the form of an arch. 3. Cover or span 
with an arch or arches. 

ARCH (arch), a. Playfully sly; roguish. [From 
ARCH-.] 

ARCH-, prefix. Of the first order; chief; prin- 
cipal. [See ARCHI-.] 

-ARCH, suffix. Ruler. [Gr. archos, chief.] 

ARCHAEAN (ar-ke'an), ARCHAIAN (ar-ka'an), 
a. Geol. Pertaining to the oldest rocks of the 
earth's crust, or to the period of their forma- 
tion. [Gr. archaios, ancient.] 

ARCH^OLOGIC, ARCHAEOLOGIST, ARCHAE- 
OLOGY. See ARCHEOLOGIC, ARCHEOLO- 
GIST, ARCHEOLOGY. 

ARCHAIC (ar-ka'ik), a. Of the nature of an 
archaism; antiquated; obsolete. 

ARCHAISM (ar'ka-izm), n. Antiquated word, 
idiom, style, usage, etc. 

ARCHAIST (ar'ka-ist), n. One who Uses 
archaisms. 

ARCHAIZE (ar'ka-iz), v. [pr.p. AR'CHAIZING; 
p.U and p.p. ARCHAIZED (ar'ka-Izd).] I. vt. 
Give the appearance of antiquity to. II. vi. 
Use or imitate archaisms. 

ARCHANGEL (ark-an'jel), n. Chief angel. 
[Gr. archangelos; from arch-, chief, and angelos, 
angel.] 

ARCHBISHOP (arch-bish'up), n. Chief bishop; 
the bishop of a province as well as his own 
diocese. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=m in Scotoh gude; oil, owi, Men, kn=c^ in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



ARCHBISHOPRIC 



61 



■ARCHY 



ARCHBISHOPRIC (iirch-bish'up-rik), n. Office 
and jurisdiction of an archbishop. 

ARCHDEACON (arch-de'kun), n. Officer next 
under a bishop. 

ARCHDIOCESE (arch-di'6-ses), n. Diocese of 
an archbishop. 

.^UCHDUCAL (arch-du'kal), o. Pertaining to 
an archduke. 

ARCHDUCHESS (arch-duch'es), n. 1. Wife of 
an archduke. 2. Daughter of the emperor 
of Austria. 

ARCHDUCHY (arch-duch'i), n. [pi. ARCH- 
DUCHIES.] Territory or dignity of an arch- 
duke. 

ARCHDUKE (arch-duk'), n. 1. Son of the em- 
peror of Austria. 2. Title of several sover- 
eigns, as Brabant, Austria, Lorraine. 

ARCHDUKEDOM (arch-duk'dum), n. Arch- 
duchy. 

ARCHED (archt), a. 1. Having the form or 
character of an arch. 2. Furnished with 
arches. 

ARCH-ENEMY (arch-en'i-mi), n. Chief enemy; 
Satan. 

ARCHEOLOGIC, ARCHAEOLOGIC (ar-ke-o- 
loj'ik), ARCHEOLOGICAL, ARCHAEOLOG- 
ICAL (ar-ke-o-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to 
archeology. 

ARCHEOLOGIST, ARCHAEOLOGIST (ar-ke- 
ol'o-jist), n. One versed in archeology; one 
who makes a study of antiquities. 

ARCHEOLOGY, ARCHEOLOGY (ar-ke-ol'o- 
ji), n. Science which treats of antiquities. 
[Gr. archaiologia — archaios, ancient, and 
logos, discourse.] 

ARCHER (ar'cher), n. [fern. AR'CHERESS.] 
One who shoots with a bow and arrow; bow- 
man. [L. arcarius; from arcus, bow.] 

ARCHER-FISH (ar'cher-fish), n. Small fish of 
the East Indies, once supposed to catch insects 
by ejecting drops of water at them. 

ARCHERY (ar'cher-i), n. Art of shooting with 
a bow. 

ARCHETYPAL (ar-ke-ti'pal), a. Pertaining to, 
or constituting, an archetype or model; origi- 
nal; not copied. 

ARCHETYPE (ar'ke-tip), n. 1. Original pat- 
tern. 2. Biol. Supposed primitive structure of 
any group. 

ARCHI-, prefix. Chief; principal. [Gr.; from 
archos, chief.] 

ARCHIDIACONAL (ar-ki-di-ak'o-naD, a. Per- 
taining to an archdeacon. 

ARCHIEPISCOPACY (ar-ki-e-pis'ko-pa-si), n. 
[pi. ARCHIEPIS'COPACIES.] 1. System of 
church government by archbishops. 2. Office 
or dignity of an archbishop. 

ARCHIEPISCOPAL (ar-ki-e-pis'ko-paD, a. Per- 
taining to an archbishop. 

ARCHIL (ar'kil), n. 1. Name given to several 
species of lichen. 2. Rich, purple dye-stuff 
obtained from these lichens; orchil. [O. Fr. 
orchel.] 



Archimedean 

(ar -ki -me- de'- 
an), a. Pertain- 
ing to Archime- 
des, a celebrated 
math ematician 
of Syracuse (3rd 
century B.C.). — 
Archimedean 
screw, Archi- 
medes 9 screw, a 
a cylinder 




Archimedean screw. 



pipe twisted spirally around 
which, when inclined so that its 
lower end is in water and rotated, raises the 
water. 

ARCHIPELAGO (ar-ki-pel'a-go), n. 1. The 
sea studded with islands which lies between 
Greece and Asia Minor. 2. [a-] Any body of 
water abounding in small islands. 3. The 
islands themselves, collectively. [Gr. archi-, 
chief, and pelagos, sea.] 

ARCHITECT (ar'ki-tekt), n. 1. One who de- 
signs buildings and superintends their erection. 
2. Contriver or designer of anything. [Gr. 
archi-, chief, and tekton, builder.] 

ARCHITECTIVE (ar-ki-tek'tiv), a. Used for 
building purposes. 

ARCHITECTURAL (ar-ki-tek'tu-ral), a. Per- 
taining to architecture. 

ARCHITECTURALLY (ar-ki-tek'tu-ral-i), adv. 
In an architectural manner. 

ARCHITECTURE (ar'ki-tek-tur), n. 1. Art 
or science of constructing buildings. 2. Style 
of structure. 3. Architectural productions, 
collectively, as of a country or period. 

ARCHITRAVE (ar'ki-trav), n. Part of an en- 
tablature that rests directly on the columns. 
[Gr. archi, chief, and L. trabs, beam.] 

ARCHIVE (ar'kiv), n. [pi. ARCHIVES (ar'- 
kivz).] (Mostly used in the plural.) 1. Public 
record or paper. 2. [pi.] Place where public 
papers and records are kept. 3. [pi.] The papers 
and records so kept. [Gr. archeion, a govern- 
ment office.] 

SYN. Records; registers; muniments; 
chronicles; annals; history. ANT. Blot; ob- 
literation; cancelation; erasure. 

ARCHIVIST (ar'ki-vist), iu One who has charge 
of archives. 

ARCHIVOLT (arki-volt), n. Arch. 1. Band 
adorned with moldings over the faces of the 
arch stones. 2. The line formed by the upper 
edges of the wedge-shaped stones forming 
the arch. [It. archivolto.] 

ARCHLY (arch'li), adv. In an arch manner; 
roguishly. 

ARCHNESS (arch'nes), n. Slyness; roguishness; 
waggery. 

ARCHON (ar'kon), n. Highest magistrate in 
ancient Athens. [Gr. archon, ruler.] 

ARCHWAY (arch'wa), n. Entrance or passage 
under an arch. 

-ARCHY, suffix. Denoting rule. [Gr. -archia. 
See ARCHI-.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ARCTFORM 



62 



ARGENTAL 



ARCIFORM (ar'si-farm), a. Shaped like a bow; 
curved. [L. arcus, bow, and forma, form.] 

ARCOGRAPH (ar'ko-graf), n. Instrument for 
describing an arc without striking it from a 
central point; cyclograph. [L. arcus, arc, and 
Gr. grapho, write.] 

ARCTIC (ark'tik), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the 
Great or Little Bear constellations. 2. Per- 
taining to the region round the north pole; 
extremely cold. II. n. 1. Arctic regions. 

2. Warm, waterproof overshoe. [Gr. arctos, 
bear.] 

ARCTIC (ark'tik) OCEAN. Part of the ocean 
which lies about the North Pole. 

ARCUATE (ar'ku-at), ARCUATED (ar'ku-a- 
ted), a. Bent like a bow; arched. [L. arcus, 
bow.] 

ARCUATION (ar-ku-a'shun), n. Act of bend- 
ing or state of being bent. 

-ARD, -ART, suffix. Liable or addicted to; as, 
drunkard, braggart. [Fr.; from Ger. -hart; 
from hart, hard.] 

ARDENCY (ar'den-si), n. Quality of being 
ardent; intensity of feelings; warmth. 

ARDENT (ar'dent), a. 1. Intense in emotion or 
action; passionate; zealous. 2. Having the 
quality or appearance of fire; glowing; hot. — 
Ardent spirits, alcoholic liquors. [Fr. ardent, 
pr. p. of arder; from L. ardeo, burn.] 

SYN. Devoted; fervent; fiery; fervid; 
impassioned; eager. ANT. Frigid; cold; 
passionless. 

ARDENTLY (ar'dent-li), adv. In an ardent 
manner. 

ARDENTNESS (ar'dent-nes), n. Quality of 
being ardent. 

ARDOIS (ar'dois) SYSTEM. Naut. Arrange- 
ment for signaling at night at sea by means 
of electric red and white lamps, controlled 
by key-pressure on deck. 

ARDOR (ar'dur), n. Warmth of passion or 
feeling. [L. ardeo, burn.] 

SYN. Eagerness; fervor; intensity; 
warmth; heat; zeal. ANT. Apathy; indif- 
ference; coldness; aversion; loathing. 

ARDUOUS (ar'du-us), a. 1. Difficult to accom- 
plish; involving great toil. 2. Toiling hard. 

3. Steep and high. 

SYN. Difficult; hard; laborious; onerous; 

severe; toilsome. ANT. Easy; slight; 

pleasant; trivial; facile; yielding. 
ARDUOUSLY (ar'du-us-li), adv. In an arduous 

manner. 
ARDUOUSNESS (ar'du-us-nes), n. Quality of 

being arduous. 
ARE (ar), v. Present indicative plural and 

present second person singular of BE. 
ARE (ar), n. The unit of superficial measure 

in the metric system, containing 100 square 

meters, 119.6 square yards. [Fr.; from L. 

area, area.] 
AREA (a're-a), n. 1. Plane surface included 

within limits. 2. Vacant space about a build- 



ing. 3. Superficial contents of any figure. 4. 
Region. [L.] 

AREAL (a/re-al), a. Pertaining to an area. 

ARENA (a-re'na), n. 1. Open space strewn with 
sand, in a Roman amphitheater, for contests. 
2. Any place of public action or contest. 3. 
Pathol. Fine gravel in the kidneys. [L. arena, 
sand.] 

ARENACEOUS (ar-e-na'shus), a. 1. Sandy. 2. 
Made up of sand, as some rocks. [L. arena, 
sand.] 

ARENATION (ar-e-na'shun), n. Bath of hot 
sand. 

ARENOSE (ar'e-nos), a. Full of sand; arena- 
ceous; friable. 

AREOLA (a-re'o-la), n. [pi. ARE'OLE.] 1. Bot. 
Interstitial space or mesh in tissues. 2. Anat. 
Colored circle as about a nipple or a vesicle. 
[L., dim. of area, area.] 

AREOLAR (a-re'o-lar), a. Containing areolae. — 
Areolar tissue, cellular tissue. 

ARE OL ATE (a-re'o-lat), AREOLATED (a-re'o- 
la-ted, a. Divided into irregular spaces. 

AREOMETER (a-re-om'e-ter), n. Any instru- 
ment for measuring the specific gravity of 
liquids; hydrometer. [Gr. araios, thin, and 
METER.] 

AREOMETRICAL (a-re-o-met'rik-al), a. Per- 
taining to areometry. 

AREOMETR Y (a-re-om'e-tri), n. Process or art 
of measuring the specific gravity of liquids. 

AREOPAGITE (ar-e-op'a-jit), n. Member of 
the Areopagus. 

AREOPAGUS (ar-e-op'a-gus), n. 1. The high- 
est court in ancient Athens, holding its ses- 
sions on Mars Hill. 2. Any tribunal whose 
decision is final. [L. ; from Gr. Areiopagos; 
from Ares, Mars, and pagos, hill.] 

ARES (a'rez), n. Greek Myth. Son of Zeus and 
Hera, and known to the Giveks as the god of 
war; also recognized as Mars by the Romans. 
He was supposed to represent all that was 
typical of barbarism, bloodshed, cruelty, bru- 
tality and wanton violence, as embodied in all 
iniquities that destruction calls forth. 

ARETHUSA (ar-e-thu'sa), n. Greek Myth. One 
of the nymphs of Diana, who changed her into 
a fountain. 

ARGAL (ar'gal), n. Same as ARGOL. 

ARGALI (ar'ga-li), n. 1. Wild sheep of North- 
ern Asia and Siberia, with very long and thick 
horns curving outward and spirally. 2. The 
big-horned wild sheep of the Rocky Moun- 
tains. [Mongol.] 

ARGAND BURNER (ar'gand burn'er). Burner 
which produces a cylindrical hollow flame 
with an air current within and without. 
[Named from its inventor, Argand of Geneva, 
about 1782.] 

ARGENT (ar'jent), a. Made of or like silver; 
silvery. [Fr.; from L. argentum, silver.] 

ARGENTAL (ar-jen'tal), a. Pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or resembling silver. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



ARGENTAN 



63 



ARID 




Gen. Julio A. Roca, 
president of Argen- 
tine Republic from 
1898 to 1904. 



ARGENTAN (ar'jen-tan), n. German silver. 

ARGENTATE (ar'jen-tat), I. a. Bot. Silvery 
white, as certain leaves. II. n. Chem. A 
salt of argentic acid. 

ARGENT ATION (ar-jen-ta'shun), n. Coating 
with silver. 

ARGENTIC (ar-jen'tik), a. Pertaining to, or 
containing silver, especially in its highest 
valence. 

ARGENTINE (ar'jen-ten), w. Republic in S. 
America, E. of Andes and S. of Bolivia. Area 
1,117,184 sq. m. 

ARGENTINE (ar'jen-tin), 
n. l. m Fish with silvery 
scales. 2. Silvery pig- 
ment on fish scales. 3. 
Silvery variety of calcite. 
4. [A-] Inhabitant of 
the Argentine Republic, 
in South America. 

ARGENTITE (ar'jen-tit), n. 
Min. Silver sulphide, a 
lead-colored silver ore. 

ARGENTOUS (ar-jen'tus) 
a. Chem. Pertaining to, 
or containing silver, es- 
pecially in its lowest valence. 

ARGIL (ar'jil), n. Potters' white clay. [L. 
argilla, allied to Gr. argos, white.] 

ARGILLACEOUS (ar-jil-la'shus), a. Consisting 
mostly of clay; clayey. 

ARGILLIFEROUS (ar-jil-lif'er-us), a. Con- 
taining or yielding clay. [L. argilla, clay, 
and FEROUS.] 

ARGILLITE (ar'jil-it), n. Clay-slate. 

ARGILLOUS (ar-jil'us), a. Consisting of clay; 
clayey. 

ArGIVE (ar'giv), I. a. Pertaining to Argos, 
or to Greece; Greek. II. n. Native of Argos; 
Greek. 

ARGO (ar'go),n- Greek Myth. The first ship of 
the Argonauts; as well as the one in which 
Jason went in search of the golden fleece. 

ARGOL (ar'gol), n. Hard crust of crude tartar 
found adhering to the insides of casks in 
which wine has fermented. [Etym. uncertain.] 

ARGON (ar'gon), n. Atmospheric inert ele- 
ment discovered by Lord Rayleigh in 1894. 
[Gr. a priv. and ergon, work.] 

ARGONAUT (iir'go-nat), n. I. Greek Myth. 
One who accompanied Jason in the ship Argo 
to Colchis, in quest of the "golden fleece." 
2. [a-] Paper-nautilus, a cephalopod mollusk, 
formerly believed to use its arms for sails. 
[Gr. Argonautes; from Argo, and nautes, 
sailor.] 

ARGONAUTIC (ar-go-na'tik), a. Pertaining to 
the Argonauts, or their expedition. 

ARGOSY (ar'go-si), n. Large merchant vessel, 
especially one carrying rich merchandise. 
[From Bagusa, port in Dalmatia.] 

ARGOT (ar'go), n. Conventional slang; origin- 
ally* jargon of thieves. [Fr.] 



ARGUABLE (ar'gu-a-bl), a. That admits of 
argument. 

ARGUE (ar'gu), v. [pr.p. AB'GUING; p.t. and 
p.p. ARGUED (ar'gud).] I. vt. 1. Urge rea- 
sons for or against; discuss. 2. Persuade, as 
out of or into an opinion. 3. Furnish proof 
of; imply. II. vi. Present arguments; dis- 
pute. [O. Fr. arguer; from L. arguo, show.] 

SYN. Contend; debate; wrangle; con- 
trovert; discuss. ANT. Contravene; quib- 
ble; evade; elude; rebut; contradict. 

ARGUER (ar'gu-er), n. One who argues. 

ARGUMENT (ar'gu-ment), n. 1. Something 
offered in proof or to convince or justify; 
reason. 2. Series of reasons or statements; 
course of reasoning. 3. Contest; discussion. 
4. Summary of the salient points. 5. Logic, 
The middle term of a syllogism. [Fr.; from 
L. argumentum; from arguo. See ARGUE.] 
SYN. Reason; proof; demonstration; 
test; discussion; debate; disputation. ANT. 
Sophistry; fallacy; evasion; negation. 

ARGUMENT AL (ar-gu-men'tal), a. Pertaining 
to or containing argument. 

ARGUMENTATION (ar-gu-men-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Process of reasoning. 2. Act of arguing; 
disputation; discussion; debate. 

ARGUMENTATIVE (ar-gu-men'ta-tiv), a. 1. 
Consisting of or containing argument. 2. 
Inclined to argue; disputatious. 

ARGUS (ar'gus), n. Greek Myth. A god with a 
hundred eyes, charged by Hera (or Juno) to 
watch her rival Io, but being slain by Hermes 
(or Mercury), Hera placed his eyes on the tail 
of a peacock. 

ARGUS (ar'gus), n. 1. Sharp-sighted or observ- 
ant person. 2. Pheasant with enormous tail 
feathers and ocellated plumage. — Argus- 
eyed, ceaselessly vigilant. — Argus-shell, cowry 
with eye-like spots. [From Argus, the giant 
with a hundred eyes in Greek mythology.] 

ARIA (a'ri-a), n. Music. Air or song for a single 
voice supported by instruments. [It.] 

ARIADNE (a-ri-ad'ne),n. Greek Myth. Daugh- 
ter of Minos, king of Crete, who enabled The- 
seus to get out of the Labyrinth by means of a 
ball of thread. 

-ARIAN, suffix. Used to form adjectives and 
adjectival nouns. Denotes occupation, belief, 
or other characteristic trait; as, antiquarian., 
unitarian, centenarian. [L. arius, -ary, and 
-anus, an.] 

ARIAN (ar'yan), n. Ethnol. Same as ARYAN. 

ARIAN (a/ri-an), I. a. Pertaining to Arius or 
Arianism. II. n. Follower of Arius, or be- 
liever in Arianism. 

ARIANISM (a/ri-an-izm), n. Doctrine main- 
tained by the Alexandrian presbyter Arius, 
about A. D. 318, that Christ, the Son of God, 
is the noblest of all things created out of 
nothing, but inferior to God, and produced 
by his free-will. 

ARID (ar'id), a. 1. Parched with heat; having 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



> 



ARIDNESS 



64 



ARMATURE 



Devoid of feeling or 
[L. aridus; from 




Aries. 



little or no rain; dry. 2. 
interest; dull; profitless 
areo, be dry.] 

SYN. Undamped; husky; sapless; juice- 
less. ANT. Moist; damp; watery; humid; 
juicy; wet. 
ARIDNESS (ar'id-nes), ARIDITY (a-rid'i-ti) 
n. State or quality of being arid. 

Aries (a'ri-ez), 

n. A constel- 
lation and the 
first sign of 
the zodiac; the 
Ram. [L. aries, 
ram.] 

ARIGHT (a-rit), 
adv. In a right 
way; correctly. 

ARIL (aril), n. 

Bot. Exterior coat or covering of a seed. 
[Fr. arille; from L. aridus, dry.] 

ARILLATE (aril-lat), c. Furnished with an 
aril. 

ArION (a-rl'on), n. Greek Myth. A famous lyric 
poet of the island Lesbos, who charmed dol- 
phins with his lute. 

ARIOSO (a-re-6'so), adv. and a. Music. In a 
smooth and melodious style. [It.] 

ARISE (a-riz'), vi. [pr.p. ABUSING; p.t. 
AROSE (a-roz'), p.p. ARISEN (a-riz'n).] 1. 
Rise from a lying, kneeling or sitting position; 
get up. 2. Move to a higher place; ascend. 3. 
Begin existence or action; originate; issue; 
become known. 4. Rise in anger or sedition. 
[A. S. drisan; from intens. a- (away, out), and 
RISE.] 

ARIST^EUS (ar-is-te'us), n. Greek Myth. 
Known as the god of the shepherds, herdsmen 
and husbandmen. 

ARISTOCRACY (ar-is-tok'ra-si), n. 1. Govern- 
ment by the nobles. 2. Nobility of a state. 
[Gr. aristos, best, and krated, sway.] 

ARISTOCRAT (ar-is'to-krat), n. 1. One who 
belongs to aristocracy. 2. Haughty person. 

ARISTOCRATIC (ar-is-to-krat'ik), ARISTO- 
CRATICAL (ar-is-to-krat'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to, consisting in, or tending toward, 
an aristocracy. 2. Having or showing the 
manners or spirit of an aristocrat. 

SYN. Noble; exalted; patrician; haughty; 
high; stately; lordly. ANT. Ignoble; low; 
plebeian; untitled; menial; humble. 
ARISTOCRATICALLY (ar-is-to-krat'ik-al-i), 

adv. In an aristocratic manner. 
ARISTOCRATIC ALNESS (ar-is-to-krat'ik-al- 
nes), n. Quality of being aristocratical. 

ARITHMETIC (a-rith'me-tik), n. Science of 
numbers; art of reckoning by figures. [Gr. 
arithmetike; from arithmos, number.] 

ARITHMETICAL (ar-ith-met'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to arithmetic. 2. According to the 
rules of arithmetic. 

ARITHMETICALLY (ar-ith-met'ik-al-i), adv. 



In an arithmetical manner; by means of 
arithmetic. 

ARITHMETICIAN (a-rith-me-tish'an), n. One 
skilled in arithmetic. 

-ARIUM, suffix. Forming nouns denoting a place 
for, as sanitarium, or nouns denoting that 
which confers, as honorarium. [L. neut. of 
-arius, -ary.] 

ARIZONA (ar-i-zo'na), n. One of the U. S. 
Act of admission to the Union approved 
Aug. 21, 1911. Area 113,000 sq. m. 

ARK (ark), n. 1. Vessel in which Noah and his 
family were preserved during the flood. 2. 
Sacred repository of the tables of the Mosaic 
law, etc. 3. The papyrus cradle in which 
the infant Moses was concealed in the bul- 
rushes. 4. Large flat boat. [L. area, chest.] 

ARKANSAS (ar'kan-sa), n. One of the U. S. 
Area 53,850 sq. m. Capital, Little Rock. 

ARM (arm), n. 1. Upper limb on either side of 
the human body, from shoulder to hand. 

2. Anything branching out like an arm, as 
a branch of a tree, support of a chair, yard 
end of a vessel, or narrow inlet of the ocean. 

3. Fig. Power; support. [A. S.] 

ARM (arm), vt. [pr.p. ARMING; p.t. and p.p. 
ARMED (armd).] 1. Take hold of or lead by 
the arm or arms. 2. Supply with an arm or 
arms, as a body or chair. 

ARM (arm) n. 1. Any weapon, especially a 
military one. 2. Distinct branch of military 
service, as the artillery. [From ARMS.] 

ARM (arm), v. [pr.p. ARM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ARMED (armd).] I. vt. 1. Equip with weap- 
ons; prepare for a fight; cover with armor. 

2. Equip with necessaries for any business. 

3. Equip with an armature or keeper, as a 
magnet. II. vi. Take arms. [Fr. artner; 
from L. armo; from arma t arms.] 

SYN. Organize; equip; man; rig; ac- 

c outer; array; train; drill. 
ARMADA (ar-ma'da or ar-ma'da), n. 1. Fleet 

of warships. 2. [A-] Spanish fleet sent against 

England in 1588. 
ARMADILLO (ar-ma-dil'd), n. Small omnivo- 
rous quadruped of South America, having the 

upper part of its body and head covered with 

strong, bony plates, which form a complete 

armor when the animal rolls itself up. [Sp. 

dim. of armado, armored.] 
ARMAMENT (ar'ma-ment), n. 1. Force 

equipped for war, either naval or military. 

2. That which constitutes the equipment of 

a warship or fortress as weapons, ammunition, 

etc. 
ARMATURE (ar'ma- 

tur), n. 1. Armor; 

means of defense; 

strengthening 

framework. 2. Piece 

of soft iron applied 

to a magnet to keep 

the magnetic power undiminished 




Armature Coil. 

keeper. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



4RMCHAIR 



65 



AROMATIZATION 



Region around Mt. 




Armenian. 



3. Elec. In a dynamo, the iron wound with 
insulated wire, the rotation of which near the 
poles of a magnet induces currents of elec- 
tricity in its coils. [L. armatura, armor.] 

ARMCHAIR (arm'char), n. Chair with sup- 
ports for the lower parts of the arms. 

ARMED (armd), a. Supplied with arms. — 
Armed magnet, magnet provided with an 
armature. 

ARMENIA (ar-me'ni-a), n. 
Ararat, in Russia, Persia 
and Asiatic Turkey. 

ARMENIAN (ar-me'ni-an), 
I. a. Pertaining to Ar- 
menia, a country N. E. 
of Asia Minor. II. n. 1. 
Native of Armenia. 2. 
Language spoken by the 
Armenians. 

ARMET (ar-ma'), n. Diver's 
helmet. [Fr. Arme, dim. 
of arm.] 

ARMFUL (arm'foD, n. As 

much as can be held in the arm or arms. 

ARMILLARY (ar'mil-la-ri), a. Consisting of 
rings or circles. [L. armilla, ring.] 

ARMIPOTENT (ar-mip'o-tent), a. Powerful in 
arms. [L. arm a, arms, and potens, powerful.] 

ARMISTICE (ar'mis-tis), n. Short suspension 
of hostilities; truce. [Fr. — L. arma, arms, 

* and sisto, stop.] 

ARMLESS arm'les), o. Having no arms or 
branches. 2. Unarmed; defenseless. 

ARMLET (arm'let), n. 1. Small arm, as of 
the sea. 2. Bracelet for the upper arm. 

ARMOR (ar'mur), n. 
1. Defensive cov- 
ering, designed to 
protect the body, 
especially in an- 
cient warfare. 2. 
Protective plating 
of warships, auto- 
cars, etc. 3. Any- 
thing designed 
a defense against 
enemies. 4. Ar- 
mature of a mag- 
net. [Fr. armure; 

» from L. armatura; 
from arma, arms.] 

ARMOR (ar'mur), v. f 

pr.p. [AR'MOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p, 
ARMORED (ar'murd).] I. 
armor; protect with metal plates, as a bat- 
tleship. II. vi. Put on armor, as an ancient 
knight. 

ARMOR-BEARER (ar'miir-bar-er), n. One 
who in ancient times bore the armor or weap- 
ons of another; armiger; squire. 

ARMOR-CLAD (ar'mur-klad), a. Clad with 
armor; armored, as an armor-clad vessel. 




Armor. 

vt. Furnish with 




Armored automobile. 



ARMORED (ar'murd) a. 

Protected by armor. — 

Armored automobile, 

automobile equipped 

with an armor-plate 

compartment and a 

Maxim or similar gun; 

used in war. 
ARMORER (ar'miir-er), 

n. 1. One who manufactures or repairs armor 

or arms. 2. One who has the custody of arms. 
ARMORIAL (ar-mo'ri-al), a. Pertaining to 

heraldry or heraldic arms. 
ARMOR-PLATE (ar'mur-plat), n. Protective 

iron or steel plate, as for the hull of a battle- 
ship. 
ARMORY (ar'mo-ri), n. [pi. ARMORIES.] 1. 

Place for keeping weapons of war; arsenal. 

2. Place for meeting of militia for drill, etc. 

3. Place where arms are manufactured. 4. 
Armor or arms. 5. Heraldic arms. [O. Fr. 
armoirie, from armes — L. arma, weapons.] 

ARMPIT (arm'pit), n. Pit or hollow under the 
arm where it is joined to the body; axilla. 

ARMRACK (arm'rak), n. Stand, frame or rack 
for holding small arms. [Fr. armes, arms; 
A. S. hreca, rack.] 

ARMS (armz), n.pl. 1. Weapons of war, as 
cannon, rifles, pistols, swords, etc. 2. Law. 
Weapons of any kind, as stones, sticks, etc. 
3. Heraldic devices. — In arms, in a state of 
hostility. — To armsl Summons to take arms. 
— Under arms, armed and ready for action. 
[L. arma, weapons.] 

ARMY (ar'mi), n. [pi. AR'MIES.] 1. Organ- 
ized military force. 2. Great number of 
persons united for action. 3. Vast multi- 
tude; host. [Fr. armee; from L. L. armata, 
fern, of armatus, armed.] 

ARMY-CORPS (ar'mi-cor), n. Division of an 
army complete in itself. 

ARMY-WORM (ar'mi-wurm), n. Larva of a 
moth {Leucania unipuncta), which appears 
in great numbers and devastates crops, etc. 

ARNATTO (ar-nat'o), n. Same as ARNOTTO. 

ARNICA (iir'ni-ka), n. Bot. 1. Genus of plants 
of the aster family. 2. [a-] Plant of this genus. 
3. [a-] Tincture made from a species of 
Arnica (A. montana), used as a remedy for 
wounds, bruises, etc. 

ARNOTTO (ar-not'6), n. Bot. 1. Small tropical 
American tree (Bixa Orellano). 2. Waxy- 
looking pulp which envelops the seeds of this 
tree, extensively used for coloring butter, 
cheese, and varnish. [Sp. Am.] 

AROMA (a-ro'ma), n. Fragrance in plants and 
other substances. [Gr.] 

AROMATIC (ar-6-mat'ik), I. a. Fragrant; 
spicy. II. n. Plant or drug with a fragrant 
odor, and usually a warm, pungent taste. 

AROMATICAL (ar-6-mat'i-kal), a. Aromatic. 

AROMATIZATION (a-ro-ma-ti-za'shun), n. Act 
of scenting or rendering fragrant. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



> 



AROMATIZE 



66 



ARROGATE 



AROMATIZE (a-ro'ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. ARO- 
MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. AROMATIZED 
(a-ro'ma-tizd).] Render aromatic or fragrant; 
perfume; scent. 

AROSE (a-roz'), v. Past tense of ARISE. 

AROUND (a-rownd'), I. prep, 1. About. 2. On 
all sides of; encircling; near. 3. In the 
neighborhood of. II. adv. On every side; 
in a circle; from place to place. [A- and 
ROUND.] 

AROUSAL (a-rowz'al), n. Act of arousing, or 
state of being aroused. 

AROUSE (a-rowz'), vt. [pr.p. AROUS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. AROUSED (a-rowzd').] 1. Wake 
from sleep. 2. Excite; rouse. 

ARPEGGIO (ar-pej'o), n. Music. 1. Striking the 
notes of a chord in quick succession after the 
manner of playing on a harp. 2. Note of a 
chord so played. [It.] 

ARRACK (ar'ak), n. Spirituous liquor, espe- 
cially that distilled from the juice of the cocoa- 
nut-tree. [Ar. araq.] 

ARRAIGN (ar-ran'), vt. [pr.p. ARRAIGN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ARRAIGNED (ar-rand').] 1. 
Rring an accusation against; denounce. 2. 
Law. Call (a prisoner) to the bar of a court 
to answer an indictment. [O. Fr. arraigner; 
from L. L. arrationo; from ad, to, and ratio, 
account.] 

SYN. Accuse; censure; criminate; 
reproach; indict; impeach; summon; cite; 
inculpate; impute. ANT. Vindicate; jus- 
tify; acquit; exculpate; exonerate. 

ARRAIGNMENT (ar-ran'ment), n. 1. Act of 
arraigning. 2. Charge made against person 
or persons arraigned; accusation. 

ARRANGE (ar-ranj'), v. [pr.p. ARRAN'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. ARRANGED (ar-ranjd').] I. vt. 1. 
Put in order; place in certain definite posi- 
tions. 2. Plan or prepare beforehand. II. 
vi. 1. Get ready. 2. Come to an agree- 
ment; effect a settlement. [Fr. 6, to, and 
ranger, range.] 

SYN. Dispose; assort; array; classify; 
range; class; group; distribute; adjust; 
settle; regulate; determine; plan; contrive; 
devise; concoct; construct; prepare. ANT. 
Derange; disarrange; confound; confuse; 
disturb; disperse; jumble; disorder. 

ARRANGEABLE ( ar-ranj 'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being arranged. 

ARRANGEMENT (ar-ranj'ment), n. 1. Act of 
arranging or state of being arranged. 2. 
Order effected by arranging. 3. Disposition; 
plan. 4. Settlement; understanding; adjust- 
ment. 5. Adaptation, as in music 6. Classi- 
fication, as in natural science. 

ARRANGER (ar-ran'jer), n. One who arranges. 

ARRANT (ar'ant), a. Notorious; downright. 
[Fr. errant, vagabond.] 

ARRAS (ar'as), n. Tapestry. [From Arras, in 
France, where first made.] 

ARRAY (ar-ra'), vt. [pr.p. ARRAY'ING; p.t. and 



p.p. ARRAYED (ar-rad).] 1. Put in military 
order for battle or for review; marshal. 2. 
Invest with raiment, especially of a splendid 
kind; dress; clothe. 3. Law. Call or set in 
order, as a jury. [0. Fr. arraier, set in order.] 

ARRAY (ar-ra') , n. 1. Order, especially of 
battle. 2. Impaneled jury. 3. Showy ar- 
rangement. 4. Dress; equipage. 

ARREAR (ar-rer'), n. 1. That which remains 
unpaid and overdue; mostly in the plural. 
2. State of being behindhand, as in payment. 
[Fr. arridre, behind; from L. ad, to, and retro, 
backward.] 

ARREARAGE (ar-rer'aj), n. 1. State of being 
in arrears. 2. Arrears. 

ARREST (ar-resf), vt. [pr.p. ARRESTING ; 
p.t. and p.p. ARREST'ED.] 1. Cause to stop 
suddenly; check. 2. Seize or apprehend. 3. 
Engage; occupy. [O. Fr. arester; from L. ad, 
to, and resto, stop.] 

SYN. Catch; take; stop; capture; re- 
strain; withhold; hold; detain; secure. 
ANT. Release; discharge; dismiss; free; 
liberate; expedite. 

ARREST (ar-resf), n. 1. Act of arresting or state 
of being arrested; seizure; detention; delay. 2. 
Legal seizure or placing under restraint. 

ARRESTIVE (ar-rest'iv), a. 1. Serving to 
arrest. 2. Gram. Marking a restriction, as 
the conjunction but. 

ARRESTMENT (ar-rest'ment), n. Stoppage. 

ARRET (a-ra'), n. 1. Decree; edict. 2. Author- 
itative seizure; arrest. [Fr.] 

ARRHIZOUS (ar-ri'zus), a. Bot. Having no 
proper roots, as parasitic plants. [Gr. arrhizos; 
from a priv. and rhiza, root.] 

ARRIS (ar'is), n. Arch. Line in which two sur- 
faces of a body forming an exterior angle 
meet each other. [L. arista, awn of grain.] 

ARRIVAL (ar-ri'val), n. 1. Act of arriving 2. 
One who or that which arrives. 

ARRIVE (ar-riv'), vt. [pr.p. ARRI'VING; p.t. 
and p.p. ARRIVED' (ar-rivd).] 1. Come to, 
or reach, a place. 2. Attain any object. 3. 
Take place; happen; occur. [Fv.arriver; from 
L. adripo; from ad, to, and ripa, shore.] 

ARROGANCE (ar'6-gans), n. Undue assump- 
tion of importance; conceit. 

ARROGANT (ar'6-gant), a. Overbearing; full 
of assumption; haughty. 

SYN. Proud; assuming; presumptuous; 
swaggering; contemptuous; lordly; imperi- 
ous; swelling; blustering; domineering; in- 
solent; rude. ANT. Humble; lowly; meek; 
modest; unassuming; unpretending; sub- 
missive. 

ARROGANTLY (ar'o-gant-li), adv. In an ar- 
rogant manner. 

ARROGATE (ar'6-gat), vt. [pr.p. AR'ROGAT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. AR'ROGATED.] Make undue 
claims to, from vanity or false pretensions. 
[From L. arrogatus, p.p. of arrogo; from ad, 
to, and rogo, ask.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
H=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



ARROGATION 



ARTESIAN WELL 




Arrowroot (Maranta 
arundin acea) . 



ARROGATION (ar-ro-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
arrogating. 2. Civ. Law. Adoption of a per- 
son of full age. 

ARROPE (ar'6-pe), n. Brown coloring used for 
wines and spirits. [Sp. arro'pa, undistilled 
wine must.] 

ARROW(ar'6),w. Straight, slender, pointed weap- 
on, made to be shot from a bow. [A. S. areew.] 

ARROW-HEAD (ar'6-hed), n. Bot. Plant of the 
genus Sagittaria, having arrow-shaped leaves. 

ARROWROOT (ar'6- 
rot), n. 1. West In- 
dian plant of the Genus 
Maranta. 2. Nutritive 
farinaceous substance, 
made from the roots 
of this plant. 

ARROW-WOOD (ar'o- 
WQd), n. One of sev- 
eral shrubs with slen- 
der shoots used by the 
Indians for making 
arrows, as Viburnum 
dentatum or Cornus 
florida. 

ARROWY (ar'ro-i), a. 

Formed or moving like an arrow. 

ARROYO (ar-roi'yo), n. Small running stream. 
[Sp. Arroyo, rivulet.] 

ARSENAL (ar'se-nal), n. Place where naval or 
military arms and munitions are manufac- 
tured or stored. [Ar. dor, accina'ah, workshop.. 

ARSENATE (ar'se-nat), n. Chem. Salt formed 
by arsenic acid and a base. 

ARSENIC (ar'se-nik), n. 1. Soft gray-colored 
metal. 2. White oxide of the metal, which is 
a virulent poison. [Gr. arsenikon ; from arsen, 
male, on account of its great strength.] 

ARSENIC (ar-sen'ik), ARSENICAL (ar-sen'i- 
kal), a. Pertaining to or containing arsenic, 
especially in its highest valence. 

ARSENIOUS (ar-se'ni-us), a. Pertaining to, or 
containing arsenic, especially in its triad 
valence. 

ARSENIDE (ar'se-nid), n. Compound of ar- 
senic in which it is the negative element. 

ARSIS (ar'sis), n. 1. Pros. Stress of voice; 
syllable that receives the stress. 2. Music. 
Upbeat in beating time; unaccented part of 
a bar. [Gr. arsis; from air 6, raise.] 

ARSON (ar'sun), n. Willful or malicious burn- 
ing of another's house or building, or of one's 
own house or building in order to claim in- 
surance. [O. Fr. ; from L. arsum, supine of 
ardeo, burn.] 

ART (art), v. Second person singular present 
indicative of BE. [A. S. eart.]. 

-ART, suffix. See -ARD. 

ART (art), n. 1. The skillful adaptation of 
means to an end; skill; dexterity. 2. System 
of rules devised for obtaining results, as in 
arithmetic. 3. The embodiment of beau- 
tiful thought as in sculpture, painting, poetry, 



etc. 4. The principles of esthetics as ap- 
plied to artistic work. 5. One of the branches 
of learning taught in the academic courses 
of colleges. — Liberal arts, in ancient Rome, 
those which only freemen were permitted to 
pursue; in our times, those appropriate for 
an enlightened, broad mind, as history, the 
languages, sciences, etc. — Fine arts, those 
creating form, and requiring the imagination 
and skill of an artist. — Useful arts, trades 
and manufactures, requiring the skill of the 
artisan. [Fr. ; from L. ars, artis, skill.] 

SYN. Aptitude; dexterity; adroitness; 
expertness; contrivance; readiness; skill; 
profession; calling; employment; trade; 
vocation. ANT. Inaptitude; maladroit- 
ness; mismanagement. 

ARTEMIS (ar'te-mis), n. Greek Myth. Greek 
name of Diana; daughter of Zeus and Leto; 
she protected mortals from danger and pun- 
ished evil with her arrows. 

ARTERIAL (ar-te'ri-al); a. 1. Pertaining to, 
or contained in, an artery or arteries. 2. 
Having a main channel and a branching 
system, like an artery. 

ARTERIALIZATION (ar-te-ri-al-i-za'shun), n. 
Process of arterializing. 

ARTERIALIZE (ar-te'ri-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. AR- 
TERIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ARTE'RIAL- 
IZED.] Convert by oxygenation in the lungs 
(venous blood, which is very dark-red, almost 
black), into arterial blood, which is bright 
scarlet. 

ARTERIOGRAPHY (ar-te-ri-og'ra-fi), n. De- 
scription of the arteries. 

ARTERIOLOGY (ar-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. Science 
which treats of the arteries. 

ARTERIOTOMY (ar-te-ri-ot'o-mi), n. 1. An- 
atomical dissection of the arteries. 2. Oper- 
ation of making an incision in an artery and 
drawing blood. 

ARTERY (ar'ter-i), n. [pi. 
AR'TERIES.] 1. One of 
the vessels which convey 
the blood away from the 
heart. 2. Important 
channel, as of commerce. 
[Gr. arteria, windpipe.] 

ARTESIAN (ar-te'zhan) 
WELL. Deep, narrow 
boring for water, espe- 
cially when it spouts 
spontaneously, first made at Artois, France. 




Arteries in human 
head. 




Artesian well. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ARTFUL 



68 



ARTIFICIALITY 



ARTFUL (art'fol), a. 1. Tricky; designing. 
2. Done with, or characterized by, skill. 3. 
Showing skill; adroit. 

ARTFULLY (art'fol-i), adv. In an artful man- 
ner. 

ARTFULNESS (art'fol-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing artful. 

ARTHRAL (ar'thral), o. Pertaining to a joint or 
arthron. 

ARTHRITIC (ar-thrit'ik), ARTHRITICAL (ar- 
thrit'ik-al), a. Pertaining to arthritis; gouty. 

ARTHRITIS (ar-thri'tis), n. Pathol. Inflam- 
mation of a joint or joints; gout. [Gr., from 
arthron, joint.] 

ARTHRODIA (ar-thro'di-a), n. Anat. An ar- 
ticulation formed by flat or nearly flat sur- 
faces, as that of patella and femur. [Gr. 
arthron, joint, and eidos, form.l 

ARTHRODIC (ar-throdik), a. Pertaining to 
arthrodia. 

ARTHROGASTRA (ar-thro-gas'tra), n.pl. Or- 
der of Arachnida in which the abdomen is 
distinctly divided into segments, each with an 
upper pair of appendages. It includes the 
scorpions and pseudo-scorpions. [Gr. ar- 
thron, joint, and gaster, belly.] 

ARTHROGASTRAN (ar-thro-gas'tran), I. a. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Arthro- 
gastra. II. n. One of the Arthrogastra. 

ARTHROGRAPHY (ilr-throg'ra-fl), n. Anat. 
Description of the joints. 

ARTHROLOGY (ar-throl'o-ji), w. That part of 
anatomical science which treats of the joints. 

ARTHRON (ar'thron), n. Articulation or joint 
of any description. 

ARTHROPOD (ar'thro-pod), I. a. Pertaining 
to the Arthropoda. II. n. One of the Ar- 
thropoda. 

Arthropoda (ar-throp'o-da), n.pi. zooi. 

One of the great divisions of the animal 
kingdom, including the Crustacea, the Arach- 
nida, and the Insecta, or true insects. [Gr. 
arthron, joint, and pons, podos, foot.] 

ARTHROPODAN (ar-throp'o-dan), a. and n. 
Same as ARTHROPOD. 

ARTHROSIS (ar-thro'sis), 
n. Anat. Articulation. 
[Gr. arthron, joint.] 

ARTHROZOA (ar-thro- 
zo'a), n.pl. Zool. Di- 
vision of the animal 
kingdom containing the 
arthropods and other 
Metazoa next beneath 
them in the scale of de- 
velopment. [Gr. arthron, 
joint, and zoon, animal.] 

ARTICHOKE (ar'tl-chok), 
n. 1. Plant resembling 
a huge thistle, its 
flower-like head being 
edible. 2. Jerusalem artichoke, a species of 
Sunflower {Selianthu stuberosus), native of 




Artichoke (Cynara 
scolymus). 



Canada and upper Mississippi valley, with 
edible tubers. [It. articiocco.] 

ARTICLE (ar'ti-kl), n. 1. Any particular com- 
modity or material substance. 2. Single 
particular in a statement, treaty, contract, 
or account. 3. Rrief literary composition; 
contribution to a periodical. 4. Point of faith. 
5. Bot. That part of a stalk or stem which is 
between two joints. 6. Gram. Limiting ad- 
jective a, an, or the. — Articles of war, military 
code. [L. articulus, dim. of artus, joint.] 

ARTICLE (ar'ti-kl), vt. [pr.p. AR'TICLING; p.t. 
and p.p. ARTICLED (ar'ti-kld).] 1. Draw up 
or set forth in articles. 2. Accuse by formal 
articles. 3. Rind by articles. 

ARTICULAR (ar-tik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to the 
joints. 

ArTICULATA (ar-tik-u-la'ta), n.pl. Zool. 
Division of animals having the body com- 
posed of movable segments, as worms and 
arthropods. [L. neut. pi. of articulatus, 
jointed.] 

ARTICULATE (ar-tik'u-lat), v. [pr. p. ARTIC- 
ULATING; p.t. and p.p. ARTICULATED.] I. 
vt. 1. Connect by means of a joint; joint. 
2. Enunciate; pronounce distinctly. II. vi. 

1. Unite as by joints. 2. Utter distinctly 
separated, intelligible sounds; speak. [L. 
articulatus, p.p. of articulo, divide into 
joints.] 

ARTICULATE (ar-tik'u-lat), I. a. 1. Formed 
with joints ; segmented. 2. Distinctly syllabled ; 
so uttered as to be intelligible. 3. Pertaining 
to the Articulata. II. n. Zool. One of the 
Articulata. 

ARTICULATED (ar-tik'u-la-ted), a. Articulate. 

ARTICULATELY (ar-tik'u-lat-li), adv. 1. In 
the form of a joint; after the manner of a 
joint. 2. In the form of articles; article by 
article. 3. With distinct enunciation. 

ARTICULATENESS (ar-tik'u-lat-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being articulate. 

ARTICULATION (ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act 
of articulating or state of being articulated; 
distinct utterance. 2. Act of jointing or state 
of being jointed. 3. Anat. Form of joint. 4. 
Bot. Node or joint; part between two nodes. 
5. That which is articulated, as an articulate 
sound, especially a consonant as marking 
syllabic division. 

ARTIFICE (ar'ti-fis), n. 1. Crafty device; 
trick; fraud. 2. Skillful contrivance or work. 
[L. artificium; from ars, art, and facio, make.] 

SYN. Craft; cheat; dodge; subterfuge; 
wile; contrivance; machination. ANT. 
Ingenuousness; frankness; candor; honesty. 

ARTIFICER (ar-tif'i-ser), n. Skilled workman; 
artistic worker; inventor or contriver. 

ARTIFICIAL (ar-ti-fish'al), a, 1. Made by art. 

2. Not natural; fictitious; feigned. 
ARTIFICIALITY (ar-ti-flsh-i-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 

ARTIFICIAL'ITUES.] 1. That which is arti- 
ficial. 2. Artificialness. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ARTIFICIALLY 



ASCERTAIN 



ARTIFICIALLY (ar-ti-fish'al-i), adv. In an 
artificial manner. 

ARTIFICIALNESS (ar-ti-fish'al-nes), n. Quality 
of being artificial. 

ARTILLERIST (ar-til'er-ist), n. One skilled in 
artillery ; gunner. 

ARTILLERY (ar-til'er-i), n. 1. Ordnance, such 
as cannon, mortars, etc. 2. Branch of mili- 
tary service which uses ordnance. [Fr. 
artillerie.] 

ARTILLERYMAN (ar-til'er-i-man), n. [pi. 
AETIL'LERYMEN.] One who operates artil- 
lery; cannoneer; gunner. 

ARTISAN (ar'ti-zan), n. One skilled in a me- 
chanic art. 

ARTIST (art'ist), n. One who practices an art, 
especially one of the fine arts, as painting, 
sculpture, architecture. 

ARTISTE (ar-tesf), n. Expert in any work re- 
quiring skill and dexterity, as a hair dresser, 
cook, etc. [Fr.] 

ARTISTIC (ar-tis'tik), ARTISTIC AL (ar-tis'tik- 
al), a. Pertaining to an art; conforming to art. 

ARTISTICALLY (ar-tis'tik-al-i), adv. In an 
artistic manner. 

ARTLESS (art'les), a. 1. Without guile or 
craft; ingenuous; childlike. 2. Without skill 
or taste; inartistic. 

S YN. Natural ; inartificial ; simple ; frank ; 
honest; unaffected; candid; ingenuous; 
undesigning; unsophisticated. ANT. Cun- 
ning; sharp; designing; crafty; wily; sly. 

ARUM (a/rum), n. Genus of plants, including 
the wake-robin and the dragon-root, or jack- 
in-the-pulpit. [L.] 

ARX7NDINACEOUS (a-run-di-na'shus), a. Re- 
sembling a reed or cane. [L.] 

ARUNDINEOUS (ar-un-din'e-us), a. Bot. 1. 
Made of reeds. 2. Abounding in reeds. 3. 
Resembling a reed. [L.] 

ARUSPEX (a-rus'peks), n. [pi. ARUS'PICES 
(a-rus'pi-sez).] One who foretells the future 
by aruspicy. Etruscan or Roman sooth- 
sayer. [L. haruspex.] 

A.RUSPICE (a-rus'pis), n. Same as ARUSPEX. 

A.RUSPICY (a-rus'pi-si), n. Pretended divina- 
tion of future events by inspecting the entrails 
of animals killed in sacrifice. 

■ART, suffix. Denoting: 1. Agent in perform- 
ing any act or doing any work; as notary; 
2. Place for, as library. [L. -arius, -avium.] 

ARYAN (ar'yan or ar'i-an), I. a. Belonging to 
the Indo-European family or language, sup- 
posed to have existed in Central Asia in pre- 
historic times, and from which the Hindoo, 
Persian, Greek, Latin, Slavonic, Teutonic, and 
Celtic descended. II. n. 1. Indo-European. 
2. Original language of the Aryans. 

AS (az), adv. and conj. To the extent in which; 
similarly; for example; after the manner or 
in the idea of; at the time when; while; be- 
cause; thus. [A. S. eal siva, just so.] 

AS (as), n. [pi. AS'SES.] 1. Roman unit in a 



system of duodecimals. 2. Roman pound = 
eleven ounces Troy. 3. Roman bronze coin, 
originally (450 B. C.) of one pound weight, 
and gradually reduced to half an ounce. [L. 
as, unit.] 

ASAFETIDA, ASAFGETIDA (as-a-fet'i-da), n. 
Medicinal gum, having an offensive smell, 
made from a Persian plant called aza. [Pers. 
aza, and L. fwtidus, fetid.] 

ASBESTIC (as-bes'tik), a. Pertaining to, re- 
sembling, or made of, asbestos. 

ASBESTINE (as-bes'tin), I. a. Made of asbestos; 
incombustible. I. n. Fibrous variety of talc, 
used as a pigment. 

ASBESTOS, ASBESTUS (as-bes'tus), n. Fibrous, 
non-combustible mineral resembling flax in 
appearance. [Gr. a priv. and sbestos, extin- 
guished.] 

ASCALAPHUS (as-kal'a-fus), n. Greek Myth. 
Son of Acheron and Nox; turned into an owl 
by Ceres. 

AsCANIUS (as-ka'ni-us), n. JRoman Myth. Son 
of ^Eneas, and supposed original ancestor of 
the Julia gens. 

ASCEND (as-send), v. [pr.p. ASCEND'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASCEND'ED.] I. vt. Climb or go up 
on; go to the top of; mount. II. vi. 1. Move 
upward; rise. 2. Slope upward. [L. ascendo; 
from ad, to, and scando, climb.] 

SYN. Uprise; mount; climb; clamber; 
surmount; aspire; soar; bound. ANT. De- 
scend; fall; sink; drop; dismount; alight. 

ASCENDABLE (as-send'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being ascended. 

ASCENDANCE (as-send'ans), ASCENDANCY 
(as-send'an-si), n. Controlling influence. 

ASCENDANT (as-send'ant), ASCENDENT (as- 
send'ent), I. a. 1. Moving up in space; rising; 
2. Superior; predominant. II. n. 1. Astrol. 
That point of the ecliptic or that sign of the 
zodiac which at the time in question is at the 
eastern horizon; the horoscope. 2. Arch. One 
of the two vertical members of the chambranle 
of a door or window. 3. Ancestor. 

ASCENDENCY (as-send'en-si), n. Same as AS- 
CENDANCE, ASCENDANCY. 

SYN. Supremacy; control; command; 
authority; domination; sway; mastery; 
influence. ANT. Subordination; slavery; 
subjection. 

ASCENDIBLE (as-send'i-bl), a. Ascendable. 

ASCENSION (as-sen'shun), n. 1. Act of rising. 
2. [A-] Christ's visible ascent to heaven forty 
days after his resurrection. 3. That which 
rises, as vapor. — Ascension day, 40th day 
after Easter. 

ASCENSIONAL (as-sen'shun-al), a. Pertaining 
to ascension. 

ASCENT (as-sent'), n. 1. Act of climbing or 
rising upward. 2. Path or method of ascend- 
ing; slope; acclivity. 3. Degree of elevation 
or acclivity. 4. High place, hill. 

ASCERTAIN (as-ser-tan'), vt. [pr.p. ASCER- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ASCERTAINABLE 



70 



ASLEEP 



TAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. ASCERTAINED 

(as-ser-tand).] Obtain certain knowledge of; 
determine. 

ASCERTAINABLE (as-ser-tan'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being found out or determined. [L. ad, to, 
and certus, sure.] 

ASCETIC (as-set'ik), I. a. Exclusively rigid; 
austere; recluse. II. n. One rigidly self- 
denying in religious observances; recluse. 
[Gr. asked, exercise.] 

ASCETICISM (as-set'i-sizm), n. Conduct or 
belief of an ascetic. 

ASCIANS (as'si-anz), n.pl. Inhabitants of the 
torrid zone, who at midday of one or two days 
in the year cast no shadow, the sun being 
directly overhead. [L. ascii; from Gr. askioi, 
pi. of askios, without shadow; from a priv. 
and skia, shadow.] 

AsCIDIA (as-sid'i-a), n.pl. Zool. Order of 
acephalous mollusks; the sea-squirts. * [Gr. 
askos, leathern bottle.] 

ASCIDIAN (as-sid'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to the 
Ascidia. II. n. One of the Ascidia; sea-squirt. 

ASCIDIUM (as-sid'i-um), n. [pi. ASCID'IA.] 
Bot. 3Iodifled leaf, forming a pitcher-like 
receptacle, which contains a watery secretion, 
into which insects are lured and drowned. 
[Gr. askidion, dim. of askos, bottle or pouch.] 

ASCITES (as-si'tez), n. Pathol. Abdominal 
dropsy. [Gr. askites; askos, bottle.] 

ASCITIC (as-sit'ik),ASCITICAL (as-sit'i-kal), a. 
Pertaining to ascites; dropsical. 

ASCRIBABLE (as-kri'ba-bl), a. That may be 
ascribed. 

ASCRIBE (as-krib'), vt. [pr.p. ASCRIBING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASCRIBED (as-kribd').] Attribute; 
impute; assign. [L. ascribo; ad, to, and scribo, 
write.] 

SYN. Attribute; impute; charge; assign; 
connect; ANT. Separate; dissociate; sun- 
der. 

ASCRIPTION (as-krip'shun), n. 1. Act of 
ascribing. 2. That which is ascribed. 

ASEPSIS (a-sep'sis), n. Pathol. State of being 
free from septic or blood-poisoning conditions 
or causes; absence of pathogenic bacteria. 
[Gr. a priv. and sepsis, putrefaction.] 

ASEPTIC (a-sep'tik), a. Free from or excluding 
pathogenic bacteria; not liable to putrefac- 
tion. [A- (not) and SEPTIC] 

ASEPTICISM (a-sep'ti-sizm), n. Treatment of 
wounds, etc., with] aseptic or antiseptic 
solutions. 

ASEPTICIZE (a-sep'ti-siz), vt. [pr.p. ASCEP'- 
TICIZING; p.t. and p.p. ASEPTICIZED 
(a-sep'ti-sizd).] Treat with an aseptic; 
cause to become aseptic. 

ASEXUAL (a-seks'ii-al), a. Bot. Without 
stamina and pistils. [A- (not) and SEXUAL.] 

ASGARD (as'gard), n. Norse Myth. The world 
of the gods, Valhalla being one of its regions; 
situated in the center of the universe and 
reached by the bridge Bifrost (rainbow). 




Ashanti. 



ASH (ash), n. Well-known timber tree or its 

wood. [A. S. ecsc] 
ASH (ash), n. Singular of ashes, much used 

in chemistry. 
ASHAMED (a-shamd')» a. Affected with shame. 

Ashanti, Ashantee(si- 

shan'te), n. 1. British de- 
pendency in West Africa. 
2. Native of Ashanti. 

ASHERY (ash'er-i), n. 1. 
[pi. ASH'ERIES.] 1. 
Place for ashes; ash-bin. 
2. Place where potash or 
pearlash is manufactured. 

ASHES (ash'ez), n.pl. 1. 
Dust or remains of any- 
thing burnt. 2. Remains 
of the dead; dead body; 
perished hopes; humiliation. [A. S. asce.] 

ASHINE (a-shin'), a. Shining; radiant; bright. 

ASHLAR (ashlar), ASHLER (ashler), n. Ma- 
sonry. 1. Freestone from the quarry. 2. 
Squared stone for building. — Nigged ashlar, 
stone hewn with a pick instead of with a 
chisel. [L. axilla, armpit.] 

ASHORE (a-shor'), adv. On shore; to the shore. 

AsHTORETH(ash'to-reth), n. Bib. Canaanite 
god of love; counterpart of Baal. 

Ash Wednesday. First day of Lent. 

ASHY (ash'i), a. Pertaining to, composed of, 
or like ashes; ash-colored; pale. 

ASIA (a/shi-a), n. Largest continent in world; in 
eastern hemisphere. Area 17,000,000 sq. m. 

AsiAN (a/shan), a. Pertaining to Asia; Asiatic. 

ASIATIC (a-shi-at'ik), I. a. Pertaining or be- 
longing to Asia. II. n. Native of Asia. 

ASIDE (a-sid'), I. adv. 1. On or to one side; 
apart; away; off. 2. Privately. II. n. Some- 
thing said or done aside or privately. 

ASININE (as'i-nin or as'i-nin), a. Of or like an 
ass; obstinate; stupid. 

ASK (ask), v. [pr.p. ASK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ASKED (askt).] I. vt. 1. Request; solicit; 
beg. 2. Inquire of or concerning. 3. Re- 
quire; demand. 4. Invite. II. vi. 1. Make 
inquiry. 2. Make request. [Ao S. ascian, 
ask.] 

SYN. Adjure; entreat; beseech; crave; 
supplicate; implore; question; interrogate; 
claim; demand; pray; petition. ANT. 
Exact; extort; insist. 

ASKANCE (a-skans), ASKANT (a-skanf), adv. 
sideways; with disdain or suspicion. 

ASKER (ask'er), n. 1. Interrogates inquirer. 
2. Petitioner. 

ASKEW (a-sku'), adv. On the skew; awry; 
asquint. 

ASLANT (a-slanf), a. and adv. On the slant; 
obliquely. 

ASLEEP (a-slep'), a. and adv. 1. In sleep; 
sleeping. 2. Having a peculiar numb or 
prickly feeling. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, abovis; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, (hen, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ASLOPE 



71 



ASPIRE 




Asp (.Viper a aspis). 



ASLOPE (a-slop'), a. and adv. On the slope; 
in a sloping or leaning attitude. 

ASMODEUS (as-mo-de'us), n. Bleb. Myth. 
Evil spirit of vanity; king of devils; destroyer 
of domestic happiness. 

ASP (asp), n. Same as ASPEN, n. 

ASP (asp), n. 1. Small venomous ser- 
pent of Egypt. 2. Common asp 
of Europe. 3. Figuratively, any 
venomous serpent. [L., Gr. aspis, 
viper.] 

Asparagus (as-par'- 

a-gus), n. 1. Genus of 
plants of the lilywort 
order. 2. [a-] Plant 
of this genus, espe- 
cially Asparagus offi- 
cinalis, the tender 
shoots of which are edible. [L.; Gr. asparagos.] 

ASPECT (as'pekt), n. 1. Appearance; look; 
mien. 2. View; phase. 3. Position as re- 
gards point of view or points of the compass. 
4. Astrol. Position of one planet as regards 
another. [L. ad, to, and specio, look.] 

ASPEN (as'pen), I. a. Pertaining to or like the 
aspen; shaking; tremulous. II. n. Species of 
poplar, remarkable for its trembling leaves. 
[A. S. cesp.] 

ASPER (as'per), n. Gr. Gram. Sign ('), called 
spiritus asper, or rough breathing, preceding 
words beginning with a vowel or an r, and 
pronounced as h. [L. asper, rough.] 

ASPERATE (as'per-at), vt. [pr.p. ASPERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASPERATED.] Make rough; 
sound roughly. [L. aspero, make rough.] 

ASPERITY (as-per'i-ti), n. [pi. ASPER'ITIES.] 

1. Roughness of temper; moroseness; crab- 
bedness. 2. Harshness of sound. 3. That 
which is harsh or grating. 4. Tartness; 
sourness. [L. asperitas ; asper, rough.] 

ASPERMOUS (as-per'mus), ASPERMATOUS 
(as-per'ma-tus), a. Bot. Without seed. [Gr. 
a priv. and sperma, seed.] 

ASPERSE (as-pers'), vt. [pr.p. ASPER'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASPERSED (as-perst').] 1. 
Defame; spread evil reports concerning; ca- 
lumniate. 2. Bespatter or besprinkle. [L. ad, 
to, and spargo, sprinkle.] 

SYN. Defame; traduce; disparage; 
malign; slander; libel; revile; vilify. ANT. 
Praise; extol; laud; eulogize; defend. 

ASPERSION (as-per'shun), n. 1. Slanderous 
reflection; calumny; defamation; vilification. 

2. Act of sprinkling, or state of being sprin- 
kled. 

ASPERSIVE (as-per'siv), a. Involving asper- 
sions; containing aspersions; calculated to 
asperse; slanderous. 

ASPHALT (as'falt), ASPHALTUM (as-faltum), 
I. n. A native bitumen of composition used 
for paving, roofing, flooring, etc. II. a. Per- 
taining to asphalt; consisting of or containing 

• asphalt. [Gr. asphaltos.] 



ASPHALT (as-falf), vt. [pr.p. ASPHAL'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASPHAL'TED.] Cover or treat 
with asphalt. 

ASPHALTIC (as-fal'tik), a. Pertaining to as- 
phalt; consisting of asphalt; containing as- 
phalt. 

ASPHODEL (as'fo-del), n. Plant of the genus 
Asphodelus ; day-lily; king's-spear. [L. as- 
phodelus; Gr. asphodelos.] 

ASPHODELUS (as-fod'e-lus), n. Bot. Genus 
of plants belonging to the lily family; the 
asphodels. [L.] 

ASPHYXIA (as-fiks'i-a), ASPHYXY (as-fiks'i), 
n. Pathol. Suspended animation; suspension 
of respiration, as in drowning or from gases, 
etc. [Gr. asphyxia ; a priv. and sphyzo, throb.] 

ASPHYXIATE (as-fiks'i-at), vt. [pr.p. ASPHYX'- 
IATING; p.t. and p.p. ASPHYXIATED.] 
Cause asphyxiation; suffocate. 

ASPHYXIATION (as-fiks-i-a'shun), n. Act of 
producing asphyxia; state of being asphyxi- 
ated; suffocation. 

ASPHYXY (as-fiks'i), n. Same as ASPHYXIA. 

ASPIC (as'pik), n. Bot. French name of the 
Lavendula spica, the plant which yields the 
oil of spike. [Fr. aspic, asp.] 

ASPIC (as'pik) » n. Savory jelly containing 
chopped meat or eggs. [Fr.] 

ASPIRANT (as-pir'ant), I. a. Aspiring. II. n. 
One who aspires; candidate. 

ASPIRATE (as'pi-rat), vt. [pr.p. AS'PIRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ASPIRATED.] 1. Pro- 
nounce with a full breath, so as to prefix the 
sound of h to the vowel aspirated. 2. Mark 
with an asper. 3. Draw out by aspiration or 
suction. [L. aspiratus, p.p. of aspiro, to 
breathe; from ad, to, and spiro, breathe.] 

ASPIRATE (as'pi-rat), I. n. 1. Letter h, or its 
aspirated sound. 2. Mark of aspiration; 
asper. II. a. Pronounced with an aspirated 
or h sound. 

ASPIRATED (as'pi-ra-ted), a. Same as ASPI- 
RATE, a. 

ASPIRATION (as-pi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of as- 
piring. 2. Inspiration; sigh, 3. That to 
which one aspires. 4. Act of aspirating. 

SYN. Ambition; emulation; aim; goal. 
ANT. Indifference; humility; contentment. 

ASPIRATOR (as'pi-ra-tur), n. 
1. Chem. Apparatus for pro- 
ducing a suction current of 
air or gas. 2. Surg. Ex- 
plorative instrument for 
drawing off the fluid con- 
tents of tumors, etc. 

ASPIRATOR Y (as-pi'ra-to-ri), 
a. Pertaining to aspiration 
or breathing. 

ASPIRE (as-pir'), vi. [pr.p. 
ASPIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ASPIRED (as-pird').] 1. 
Aim at rising to some high 
object of attainment; have Aspirator. 







fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. '. 



mute, hut, burn, 



ASPIRER 



73 



ASSENT 



an earnest desire for something great, so- 
cially, politically, intellectually, morally, or 
spiritually. 2. Rise higher; tower. [L.aspiro; 
from ad, to, and spiro, breathe.] 

ASPIRER (as-pir'er), n. One who aspires. 

ASPIRING (as-pir'ing), a. 1. Ambitious. 2. 
Towering. 3. Acting by suction. 

ASQUINT (a-skwint), adv. With the eye di- 
rected to one side, obliquely, not in the direct 
line of vision. 

ASS (as), n. 1. Quadruped of the equine 
genus, distinguished from the most nearly 
allied animals by its long ears, the tuft at the 
end of the tail, and the black stripe on the 
shoulders. 2. Dull stupid fellow; dolt. [A. S. 
■] 




ASSAGAI 

(as'a-gi), 
ASSEGAY 
(as'e-gi), 
n. Missile 
weapon, 
like a jave- 
lin, made 

of hard wood tipped with iron. It is used for 
either throwing or thrusting by the Kaffirs, 
Zulus, and other South African tribes in war. 
[Pg. azagaia.~\ 

ASSAI (as-sa'e), adv. Music. Very; as, largo 
assai, very slow; presto assai, very quick. 
tit.]. 

ASSAIL (as-sal'), vt. [pr.p. ASSAII/ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASSAILED (as-sald').] 1. Attack in 
a hostile manner; assault. 2. Attack by word 
or writing; censure. 3. Attack morally, as by 
using means to swerve one from rectitude or 
duty. 4. Strike against or fall upon rudely; 
as, assail the ears with a deafening noise. 
[L. ad, to, and salio, rush.] 

ASSAILABLE (as-sal'a-bl), a. That may be 
assailed. 

ASSAILANT (as-sal'ant), I. a. Attacking; as- 
saulting. II. n. One who assails. 

ASSAPAN (as-a-pan'), n. Flying squirrel. [Am. 
Ind.] 

ASSASSIN (as-sas'in), n. One who murders 
by secret or sudden assault; one who kills by 
surprise, or attempts to do so. [Fr. ; from 
Ar. Hashshdshin, a sect of fanatics who forti- 
fied themselves to deeds of murder with 
hashish.] 

ASSASSINATE (as-sas'i-nat), v. [pr.p. ASSASSI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSASSINATED.] 
I. vt. Murder by secret or sudden assault; 
kill by surprise. II. vi. Commit violent, 
secret, or cowardly murder. 

ASSASSINATION (as-sas-i-na/shun), n. Act of 
assassinating; murder by violent, secret or 
cowardly means. 

ASSASSINATOR (as-sas'i-na-tur), n. Assassin. 

ASSAULT (as-salf), vt. [pr.p. ASSAULTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASSAULT'ED.] 1. Make a hostile 
attack upon with material weapon or weapons. 



2. Attack by writing against; or by calumnia- 
ting in any way; assail. 3. Do to that which 
is intended to injure; threaten with injury. 
[L.L. assalto; from L. ad, to, and salio, 
leap.] 

SYN. Attack; assail; charge; buffet; 
beat. ANT. Defend; shield; guard; protect. 

ASSAULT (as-salf), n. 1. Attack, physical or 
verbal. 2. Mil. An attack by storm. 

ASSAULTABLE (as-salt'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being taken by assault; assailable. 

ASSAULTER (as-salt'er), n. One who makes an 
assault; assailant. 

ASSAY (as-sa'), v. [pr.p. ASSAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ASSAYED (as-sad).] I. vt. Test by an 
assay. 2. Attempt (anything) ; try the prac- 
ticability of by the test of experience. 3. 
Metal. Determine the amount of a particular 
metal in an ore, alloy, etc.; subject to an 
assay. II. vi. Show as a result of assaying. 
[O. Fr. assay er; from L.L. exagium; from L. 
exigo, prove.] 

ASSAY (as-sa'), n. 1. Determination of what 
percentage of a metal, especially a precious 
one, is in any particular ore or alloy. 2. The 
ore or alloy thus tested or assayed. 

ASSAYER (as-sa'er), n. One who assays; officer 
of the mint, whose function it is to test the 
purity of the precious metals used for coin. 

ASSEMBLAGE (as-sem'blaj), n. 1. Act of as- 
sembling or fitting. 2. Collection of persons 
or things. 

ASSEMBLE (as-sem'bl), v. [pr.p. ASSEMBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASSEMBLED (as-sem'bld).] I. 
vt. 1. Call or bring together; collect; convene. 
2. Fit together. II. vi. Meet; congregate. 
[Fr. assembler; from L. ad, to, and similis, 
similar, like.] 

ASSEMBLY (as-sem'bli), n. [pi. ASSEMBLIES.] 
1. Collection of individuals in the same place for 
a purpose. 2. Mil. Signal, such as the beating 
of a drum, or call upon the bugle, summoning 
troops to form ranks. — General Assembly. 1. 
Congress of the United States, or the legisla- 
ture of a state. 2. Supreme ecclesiastical 
court of the Presbyterians. 

SYN. Assemblage; meeting; congrega- 
tion; collection; company; group; con- 
gress; convention; convocation; conclave; 
synod; caucus. ANT. Dispersion; dissipa- 
tion; disunion; disruption. 

ASSEMBLYMAN (as-sem'bli-man), n. [pi. AS- 
SEM'BLYMEN.] Member of a General As- 
sembly. 

ASSENT (as-senf), vi. [pr.p. ASSENT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASSENT'ED.] 1. Admit (a state- 
ment, proposition, or opinion), to be true. 2. 
Consent (to a proposal affecting one's inter- 
ests). [L. as (ad), to, and sentio, feel.) 

SYN. Acquiesce; concur; agree; approve; 
accept; comply; consent. ANT. Dissent; 
disagree; differ; question; refuse; deny; 
object; demur; protest; secede. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
'. ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock. 



ASSENT 



73 



ASSIMILATION 



ASSENT (as-sent'), n. 1. Act of admitting the 
truth of any statement, opinion, etc. 2. Ac- 
cord; agreement. 3. Consent; approval; 
sanction. 

ASSENTATION (as-sen-ta'shun), n. Hypocrit- 
ical assent; pretended concurrence. 

ASSENTER (as-sent'er), n. One who assents to 
anything. 

ASSENTIENT (as-sen'shent), I. a. Assenting 
to. II. n. One who assents to. 

ASSENTINGLY (as-sent'ing-li), adv. In such 
a manner as to express or imply assent. 

ASSERT (as-serf), vt. pr.p. ASSERT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASSERT'ED.] 1. Affirm; declare 
positively; aver. 2. Maintain or vindicate 
by actions or words, as one's claim or title 
to. [L. assertus; from ad, to, and sero, join 
or bind together.] 

SYN. Declare; affirm; allege; aver; as- 
severate; avow; avouch; defend; profess; 
protest; claim. ANT. Deny; contradict; 
controvert; waive; abandon; contravene; 
repudiate; oppose; retract. 

1SSERTER (as-sert'er), ASSERTOR (as-serf- 
iir), n. One who asserts. 

ASSERTION (as-ser'shun), n. 1. Positive dec- 
laration; affirmation. 2. Statement unsup- 
ported by facts. 3. Maintenance of (one's 
right, title, etc.). 

ASSERTIVE (as-sert'iv), a. With strong as- 
sertion; dogmatical; peremptory. 

ASSERTOR (as-sert'ur), n. Asserter. 

ASSERTORY (as-sert'o-ri), a. Involving an 
assertion; designed to support an assertion. 

ASSESS (as-ses'), v.t. [pr.p. ASSESS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASSESSED (as-sest').] 1. Fix by 
authority the portion of (a tax which is to be 
paid). 2. Charge with any sum as a due or 
share. 3. Estimate the value of, as in case 
of property condemned for public use. 4. 
Law. Fix the amount of (damages, costs, etc.), 
in a law case. [L. assideo; from ad, to, and 
sedeo, sit.] 

ASSESSABLE (as-ses'a-bl), a. Subject to assess- 
ment. 

ASSESSMENT (as-ses'ment), w. 1. Act of assess- 
ing. 2. Sum assessed. 

ASSESSOR (as-ses'ur), n. Public official whose 
duty is to assess people or property for the 
purpose of taxation. 

ASSESSORIAL (as-ses-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining 
to an assessor. 

ASSET (as'et), n. Article or item included in 
one's assets. 

ASSETS (as'ets), n.pl. Available property, as 
for the payment of debts, etc. [Fr. assez, 
enough.] 

ASSEVERATE (as-sev'er-at), vt. [pr.p. ASSEV- 
ERATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSEVERATED.] 
Declare seriously or solemnly. [L. assevera- 
tus, p.p. of assevero; from ad, to, and severus, 

. serious.] 

ASSEVERATION (as-sev-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act 



of asseverating, or positively asserting any- 
thing. 2. Positive affirmation or assertion. 

ASSIBILATE (as-sib'i-lat), vt. [pr.p. ASSIB'- 
ILATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSIB'ILATED.] 1. 
Utter with a sibilant sound. 2. Change into 
a sibilant. 

ASSIDUITY (as-si-du'i-ti), n. Constant or close 
application; persistency. 

ASSIDUOUS (as-sid'u-us), a. Constant in ap- 
plication; diligent. [L. ad, to, and sedeo, sit.] 

SYN. Sedulous; unwearied; persevering; 
indefatigable; zealous; persistent; industri- 
ous; attentive; laborious; constant; unre- 
mitting. ANT. Indolent; supine; listless; 
idle; sluggish; slothful; careless; incon- 
stant; broken; interrupted. 

ASSIDUOUSLY (as-sid'u-us-li), adv. Diligently. 

ASSIDUOUSNESS (as-sid'u-us-nes), n. Quality 
of being assiduous; assiduity. 

ASSIGN (as-sin') v. [pr.p. ASSIGNING; p.t. and 
p.p. ASSIGNED (as-sind).] I. vt. 1. Allot; 
apportion. 2. Fix; specify; designate; appoint. 
3. Allege; point out. 4. Transfer. II. vi. 
Make an assignment. [L. assigno; from ad, 
to, and signum, mark.] 

ASSIGN (as-sin'), n. Person to whom the 
property or interest of another is or may be 
transferred or assigned. 

ASSIGNABILITY (as-sin-a-bil'i-ti), n. Capa- 
bility of being assigned. 

ASSIGNABLE (as-sin'a-bl), a. That may be 
assigned. 

ASSIGNAT (as'sig-nat or a-se-nya'), n. Paper 
currency issued by the French revolutionary 
government (1789-'96), for the security of 
which public lands were assigned; hence the 
name. 

ASSIGNATION (as-sig-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
assigning. 2. Appointment to meet. 3. As- 
signment. 

ASSIGNEE (as-in-e), n. One to whom a right 
or property is assigned. — Assignees in bank- 
ruptcy, persons to whom a bankrupt's es- 
tate is assigned for the benefit of creditors. 

ASSIGNER (as-sin'er), n. Assignor. 

ASSIGNMENT (as-sin'ment), n. 1. Act of as- 
signing. 2. Thing assigned. 3. Writing by 
which something is assigned. 

ASSIGNOR (as-in-ar'), n. One who assigns; 
assigner. 

ASSIMILABLE (as-sim'i-la-bl), a. That may be 
assimilated. 

ASSIMILATE (as-sim'i-lat), v. [pr.p. ASSIM'I- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. ASSIM'ILATED.] I. 
vt. 1. Bring to a likeness. 2. Convert into a 
like organic substance. II. vi. 1. Become 
similar. 2. Be converted into the substance 
of an animal or plant. [L. assimilatus, p.p. 
of assimilo, make like; from ad, to, and 
similis, like.] 

SYN. Imitate; copy; resemble; simu- 
late. ANT. Vary; modify; diversify; change. 

ASSIMILATION (as-sim-i-la'shun), n. 1. Act 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ASSIMILATIVE 



74 



ASSUMPTIVELY 



or process, of assimilating. 2. State of being 
assimilated. 

ASSIMILATIVE (as-sim'i-la-tiv), a. Assim- 
ilating; having the power of assimilating. 

AsSINIBOIA (as-in-i-boi'a), n. Division of N. 
W. Territory, Canada, North of Montana and 
N. Dakota, U. S. Area 90,000 sq. m. 

ASSIST (as-sisf), v. [pr.p. ASSISTING; p.t. and 
p.p. ASSISTED.] I. vt. 1. Help; aid; suc- 
cor; support; relieve. 2. Act as an assistant. 
II. vi. Give help or aid; be of service. [L. 
assist o, stand by; ad, to, and sisto, sto, stand.] 

SYN. Aid; help; befriend; succor; sus- 
tain. ANT. Oppose; resist; discourage; 
thwart; obstruct; cumber; hamper. 

ASSISTANCE (as-sist'ans), n. Help; aid; sup- 
port; cooperation. 

ASSISTANT (as-sist'ant), I. a. Aiding; helping; 
auxiliary. II. n. One who assists; subordi- 
nate; auxiliary. 

ASSIZE (as-siz'), n. 1. Court of justice; session 
of court. 2. Ordinance regulating weight, 
measure of certain articles of consumption, or 
the weight, measure, or price itself. [Fr. 
assise; from L. assideo; ad, to, and sedeo, sit.] 

ASSIZE (as-siz), vt. [pr.p. ASSIZ'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ASSIZED (as-sizd').] Weigh; measure; 
appraise; estimate; probe. 

ASSIZER (as-si'zer), n. Appraiser or inspector 
of weights and measures. 

ASSOCIABILITY (as-so-shi-a-bil'i-ti), n. State 
of being associable. 

ASSOCIABLE (as-so'shi-a-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
being brought into association. 2. Pathol. 
Liable to affection through sympathy with 
other parts. 

ASSOCIATE (as-so'shi-at), v. [pr.p. ASSO- 
CIATTNG; p.t. and p.p. ASSOCIATED.] I. 
vt. 1. Join in company, as a friend, compan- 
ion, or confederate. 2. Bring together; 
combine; ally; unite; blend; connect in 
thought or otherwise, as may be done with 
feelings, mental conception, or material sub- 
stances. H. vi. Keep, or be in, company; 
join in association; unite in action. [L. as- 
sociatus, p.p. of associo; from ad, to, and 
socio, unite.] 

ASSOCIATE (as-so'shi-at), I. a. Joined or con- 
nected with. II. n. One who or that which 
associates or is associated; companion; part- 
ner. 

SYN. Comrade; chum; mate; colleague; 
friend; fellow; helpmate; consort. ANT. 
Opponent; rival; competitor; antagonist; 
foe; enemy. 

ASSOCIATION (as-s6-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
associating. 2. Connection, as of ideas. 3. 
Society formed for promoting some object; 
corporation; partnership. — Association of 
ideas, connection in the mind, especially in 
matters relating to memory, between two 
Ideas, so that one tends to recall the other. 
SYN. Union; connection; alliance; com- 



pany; society; partnership; community; 
fellowship ; companionship ; fraternity. ANT. 
Disunion; disconnection; estrangement; 
separation; severance; solitude; individual- 
ity; scattering; dispersion; independence. 

ASSONANCE (as'o-nans), n. Quality of being 
assonant. 

ASSONANT (as'o-nant), a. Having a resem- 
blance of sound. — Assonant rhymes, those in 
which the syllables contain the corresponding 
vowel sounds to the neglect of the consonants. 
[L. ad, to, and sono, sound.] 

ASSORT (as-sart), v. [pr.p. ASSORTING; p.t. 
and p.p. ASSORT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Distribute 
into sorts; classify. 2. Furnish with articles 
so distributed. II. vi. Suit; agree; match; 
be in harmony. [L. ad, to, and sors, lot.] 

SYN. Arrange; dispose; place; form; dis- 
tribute; allot; file; tabulate. ANT. De- 
range; misplace; disorganize; involve; 
tangle; scatter; entangle; mix; shuffle. 

ASSORTMENT (as-sart'ment), n. 1. Act of 
assorting. 2. Quantity of things assorted. 
3. Class in which something is assorted. 

ASSUAGE (as-swaj'), v. [pr.p. ASSUA'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASSUAGED (as-swajd').] I. vt. 
Allay; soothe; mitigate; appease; diminish. 
II. vi. Abate; subside. [O. Fr. assouager; 
from L. ad, to, and suavis, sweet.] 

SYN. Soften; ease; lessen; calm; com- 
pose; relieve; tranquilize; attemper. ANT. 
Aggravate; increase; exasperate; excite; 
stimulate; incite; provoke; inflame. 

ASSUAGEMENT (as-swaj 'ment), w. Act of as- 
suaging; state of being assuaged. 

ASSUASIVE (as-swa/siv), a. Assuaging; mit- 
igating; soothing. 

ASSUMABLE (as-su'ma-bl), a. Capable of being 
assumed. 

ASSUME (as-sum), v. [pr.p. ASSU'MING; p.U 
and p.p. ASSUMED (as-sumd').] I. vt. 1. Take 
upon one's self. 2. Take for granted. 3. Ar- 
rogate. 4. Pretend to possess. II. vi. Be 
arrogant or presumptuous. [L. assumo; from 
ad, to, and sumo, take.] 

ASSUMED (as-sumd'), a. Pretended; fictitious; 
hypocritical. 

ASSUMER (as-su'mer), n. One who assumes. 

ASSUMING (as-su'ming), a. Pretentious; 
arrogant; presumptuous; self-confident. 

ASSUMPSIT (as-sump'sit), n. Law. 1. Verbal 
promise made by one, or which he may in 
justice be held to have made indirectly. 2. 
Action at law brought for the enforcement of 
such a promise, express or implied. 

ASSUMPTION (as-sump'shun), n. 1. Act of 
assuming. 2. State of being assumed. 3. 
Thing taken for granted without proof. 4. 
A taking-up bodily into heaven; ascension. 

ASSUMPTIVE (as-sump'tiv), a. That is or may 
be assumed. 

ASSU3IPTIVELY (as-sump'tiv-li), adv. In an 
assumptive manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






ASSURANCE 



75 



ASTRADDLE 



a. 
2. 



1. Certain; 
Impudent. 3. 



un- 
In- 



Certainly; un- 



Assurance; 



ASSURANCE (a-shor'ans), w. 1. Positive 

promise or declaration. 2. Confidence. 3. 

Impudence. 4. Insurance. 

SYN. Assertion; declaration; protesta- 
tion; promise; engagement; conviction; 

persuasion; security; certainty; boldness; 

self-reliance; effrontery; presumption. 

ANT. Distrust; timidity; bashfulness; 

misgiving; diffidence. 
ASSURE (a-shor), vt. [pr.p. ASSUR'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. ASSURED (a-shord').] 1. Make sure 

or secure. 2. Give confidence. 3. Tell pos- 
itively. 4. Insure. [Fr. assurer — L. ad, to, 

and securus, safe.] 
ASSURED (a-shord'), 

doubting; confident. 

sured. 
ASSUREDLY (a-shor'ed-li), adv. 

doubtedly. 
ASSUREDNESS (a-shiir'ed-nes), n, 

certainty. 
ASSURER (a-shor'er), n. 1. One who inspires 

with confidence, or endeavors to do so. 2. 

One who insures a person's life or property. 
ASSURGENT (as-sur'jent), a. Bot. Rising in a 

curve or arch. [L. ad, to, and surgo, rise.] 
ASSURINGLY (a-shor'ing-li), adv. In a way 

to create assurance. 
ASSYRIAN (as-sir'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to 

Assyria. II. n. Native of Assyria. 
AsTARTE (as-tar'te), n. Phen. Myth. Goddess 

of the moon. 
ASTER (as'ter), n. Genus of plants with com- 
pound flowers, re- 
sembling stars. 2. 

[a-] Any plant of this 

genus. [Gr. aster, 

star.] 
ASTERIAL (as-teri-al), 

n. Star-like. ^ 

ASTERIID^G (as-te-ri'- 

i-de), n.pl. Family o 

animals belonging to 

the class Echinoder- 

mata; the starfishes 

[Gr. asterios, starred.] 
ASTERID (aster-id), 

ASTERIID (as-te'ri- 

id), n. One of the 

Asteriidw; starfish. 
ASTERISK (as'ter-isk), n. 1. Star-like mark (*) 

used in printing to refer to a note, or denote 

omission. 2. Anything of the form of a star. 

[Gr. asteriskos, dim. of aster, star.] 
ASTERISM (as'ter-izm), n. 1. Group of stars. 

2. Group of asterisks. 
ASTERIUM (as-te'ri-um), 

only in the hottest stars. 
ASTERN (a-stern'), adv. 

hinder part of a ship. 
ASTEROID (as'ter-oid), I. 

ing the aspect of a star. 




Aster. 



n. Element found 
[Gr. aster, star.] 
Toward or at the 

a. Astron. Present- 
II. n. One of the 
more than 465 minor planets between the orbits 



of Mars and Jupiter. [Gr. aster, star, and 
eidos, form.] 

ASTEROID AL (as-ter-oid'al), a. 1. Relating 
to the asteroids. 2. One of the Asteroidea. 

AsTEROIDEA (as-ter-oi'de-a), n.pl. Zool. 
Order of echinoderms, embracing the true 
starfishes. 

ASTHENIA (as-the-ni'a), ASTHENY (as'the- 
ni), n. Pathol. Debility; weakness. [Gr. a 
priv. and sthenos, strength. ] 

ASTHENIC (as-then'ik), I. a. Debilitated. 
II. n. One affected with asthenia. 

ASTHMA (as'ma or ast'ma), n. Pathol. Diffi- 
culty in breathing, recurring in paroxysms; 
spasm of the bronchial mucous membranes. 
[Gr. a sthma, panting; from ao, blow.] 

ASTHMATIC (as-mat'ik), I. a. Pertaining to 
asthma. II. n. Person affected with, or 
suffering from, asthma. 

ASTIGMATIC (as-tig-matik), a. Pertaining to, 
or characterized by, astigmatism. 

ASTIGMATISM (as-tig'ma-tizm), w. Pathol. De- 
fect in the focus of the eye. [Gr. a priv. and 
stigma, point.] 

ASTIR (a-ster'), adv. and a. Stirring; active; 
in motion; in commotion. 

ASTOMATOUS (a-sto'ma-tus), a. Having no 
mouth. [Gr. a priv. and stoma, genit. sto- 
matos, mouth.] 

ASTOMOUS (as'to-mus), a. 1. Zool. Without 
a mouth; astomatous. 2. Bot. Without 
breathing-pores, as mosses whose capsules 
have no aperture. [Gr. astomos; a priv. and 
stoma, mouth.] 

ASTONISH (as-ton'ish), vt. [pr.p. ASTONISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ASTONISHED (as-tonisht).] 

1. Inspire suddenly with amazement; amaze. 

2. Astound. [A-, intensive, and A. S. stunian, 
stun.] 

SYN. Astound; startle; frighten; surprise. 

ANT. Expect; anticipate; await; foresee. 
ASTONISHING (as-tonish-ing), a. Fitted to 

astonish; very wonderful; amazing. 
ASTONISHINGLY (as-tonish-ing-li), adv. In 

an astonishing manner. 
ASTONISHMENT (as-ton'ish-ment), n. State 

of being astonished; amazement. 

SYN. Amazement; bewilderment; awe; 

wonder; surprise. ANT. Indifference; 

coolness; anticipation; expectancy; calcu- 
lation. 
ASTOUND (as-tound), vt. [pr.p. ASTOUND'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. ASTOUNDED.] Strike 

dumb with amazement. [A. S. astundian.] 
SYN. Astonish; amaze; dumfound; 

startle; electrify; stun; petrify; bewilder; 

shock. ANT. Allay; compose; calm; 

pacify; appease; molify. 
ASTR, ASTRO, stem. Used in English words 

derived from the Greek, signifying star, as in 

astral, disastrous, astronomy, etc. [Gr. astron, 

star.] 
ASTRADDLE (a-strad'l), adv. Astride. 






fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ASTR^EA 



76 



ASYMPTOTIC 




Astragal. 



AsTRvEA(as-tre'a), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of 
justice, daughter of Zeus and Themis. 

ASTRAGAL(as'- 
tra-gal), n. 1. 
Arch. Small 
semi - circu- 
lar molding, 
with a fillet 
beneath it, 

which surrounds a column in the form of a 
ring, separating the shaft from the capital. 
2. Anat. One of the bones belonging to the 
tarsus; ankle, or sling bone. [Gr. astra- 
galos.] 

ASTRAKHAN (as'tra-kan), n. 1. Sheepskin 
with a curly wool, obtained from young lambs 
of a variety of sheep found in Astrakhan, 
Russia, and in Persia and Syria. 2. Rough 
fabric with a pile in imitation of the sheep- 
skin. 

ASTRAL (as'tral), a. 1. Of, like, or pertaining 
to the stars; starry. 2. Theos. Of a super- 
sensible substance, as an astral body, or spirit. 
[L. astralis.] 

ASTRAY (a-stra'), I. adv. Out of the right 
path or way; out of the path of moral recti- 
tude. II. a. Wandering. [O. Fr. estraier; L. 
extra, beyond, and vago, stray.] 

ASTRICT (as-trikt), vt. [pr.p. ASTRICT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASTRICT'ED.] Rind fast; con- 
tract; astringe. [L. astrictus, p.p. of astringo. 
See ASTRINGENT.] 

ASTRICTION (as-strik'shun), n. 1. Act of bind- 
ing closely. 2. State of being so bound. 3. 
That which binds closely. 

ASTRICTIVE (as-trikt'iv), a. Rinding; astrin- 
gent. 

ASTRICTORY (as-trik'to-ri), a. Contracting 
or binding. 

ASTRIDE (a-strid'), adv. and prep. 1. With the 
legs stretched apart. 2. With one leg on each 
side of, as when a man is on horseback; with 
any similar disposition of parts, as when eye- 
glasses are worn on the nose; astraddle. 

ASTRINGE (as-trinj'), vt. [pr.p. ASTRIN'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. ASTRINGED (as-trinjd').] Draw 
together; bind. [L. astringo; from ad, to, and 
stringo, bind.] 

ASTRINGENCY (as-trin'jen-si), n. Quality of 
being astringent. 

ASTRINGENT (as-trin'jent), I. a. 1. Rinding; 
contracting; constipative; styptic. 2. Austere; 
harsh; stern. II. n. Med. Any substance 
that produces contraction of the muscular 
fiber, as alum, tannin, etc. 

ASTRO, stem. Signifying star. [See ASTR.] 

ASTROITE (as'tro-it), n. Precious stone of 
star-like crystals of a pale blue color. [L. 
astroites, star-like.] 

ASTROLABE (as'tro-lab), n. 1. Instrument 
formerly used for taking the altitude of a star 
or other celestial body at sea. 2. Planisphere. 
[ASTRO, and Gr. lambano, take.] 



ASTROLOGER (as-trol'o-jer), n. One versed 
in astrology. 

ASTROLOGIC (as-tro-loj'ik), ASTROLOGICAL 
(as-tro-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or prac- 
ticing astrology. 

ASTROLOGY (as-trol'o-ji), n. Pseudo science 
which pretends to foretell future events 
by studying the position of the stars, and 
ascertaining their alleged influence upon 
human destiny. [ASTR and -OLOGY.] 

ASTROMETRY (as-trom'e-tri), n. Branch of 
astronomy which treats of the apparent 
positions and magnitudes of the stars. [AS- 
TRO and -METRY.] 

ASTRONOMER (as-tron'o-mer), n. One versed 
in astronomy. 

ASTRONOMIC (as-tro-nom'ik), ASTRONOM- 
ICAL (as-tro-nom'ik-al), a. Pertaining to 
astronomy; in accordance with the methods 
of astronomy. 

ASTRONOMICALLY (as-tro-nom'ik-al-i), adv. 
In an astronomical manner. 

ASTRONOMY (as-tron'o-mi), n. Science which 
treats of the stars and other celestial bodies, 
their distances, magnitudes, masses, compo- 
sition, motions and all that is discoverable 
regarding them. [ASTRO and -NOMY.] 

ASTUTE (as-tut), a. Of keen discernment; 
knowing; shrewd. [L. astutus, fromastus, craft.] 

SYN. Skilled; subtle; artful; saga- 
cious; discerning; penetrating; cunning; 
keen; sharp; wily; crafty. ANT. Dull; 

unobserving; stolid; asinine; blind. 

ASTUTELY (as-tut'li), adv. In an astute man- 
ner; shrewdly. 

ASTUTENESS (as-tut'nes), n. Quality of being 
astute. 

ASUNDER (a-sun'der), adv. Into parts; into 
different places; in a divided state; apart. 

ASYLUM (a-si'lum), n. 1. Place of retreat and 
security. 2. Institution for the care and relief 
of the afflicted of any class, as the deaf and 
dumb, blind, insane, etc. 3. Originally, place 
of refuge for criminals and others likely to be 
pursued. [Gr. asylon; a priv. and sylon, right 
of seizure.] 

ASYMMETRIC (a-sim-met'rik), ASYMMET- 
RICAL (a-sim-met'rik-al), a. Without sym- 
metry. 

ASYMMETRY (a-sim'e-tri), n. Want of sym- 
metry; want of proportion. [Gr. asymmetria; 
from a priv. and symmctria, symmetry*] 

ASYMPTOTE (as'im-tot), n. Geom. Line 
which approaches continually nearer and 
nearer to some curve, whose asymptote it is 
said to be, without ever meeting it. It is a 
property appertaining to the hyperbolic curve. 
[Gr. asymtotos; a priv., syn, together, and 
pipto, fall.] 

ASY3IPTOTIC (as-im-tot'ik), ASYMPTOTICAL 
(as-im-tot'ik-al), a. Pertaining to an asymp- 
tote; perpetually approaching anything, but 
never meeting it. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



ASYNCHRONOUS 



77 



ATLANTEAN 



ASYNCHRONOUS (a-sing'kro-nus), a. Non- 
concordance as to time. [Gr. syn, together, 
and chronos, time.] 

ASYNDETON (a-sin'de-ton), n. Bhet. Omis- 
sion of the conjunction in order to render the 
expression more forcible, as in Latin veni, 
vidi, vici, "I came, I saw, I conquered," in- 
stead of veni, vidi, et vici, "I came, I saw, and 
I conquered." [L., from Gr., a priv., syn, to- 
gether, and deo, bind.] 

ASYSTOLE (a-sis'to-le), n. Pathol. Condition 
in heart disease in which the muscular con- 
traction of the heart is too feeble to drive the 
blood freely from the ventricles. [A- (not) 
and SYSTOLE.] 

AT (at), prep. 1. Denoting nearness to in place 
or in time; in immediate proximity to; in; 
within; occupying as a habitation; on; upon; 
in a position, attitude, state, or condition, as 
at rest; upon the point or happening of; on 
the arrival of. 2. Denoting motion toward any 
person, place, or thing, in place or in time; 
denoting also motion through any place. 3. 
Denoting the effect produced by proximity or 
relation of one person or thing to another in 
place and in time; causation; operation upon; 
in consequence of; on the part of. 4. De- 
noting degree, rate, 1 value, consideration, etc.; 
to the extent of; up to; for the amount of 
[A. S. cet.] 

AT-, prefix. To; euphonic form of AD- before t. 
[See AD-.] 

ATABAL (at'a-bal), n. Kind of tabor or drum 
used by the Moors. [Sp. atabal, kettle-drum.] 

At AL ANT A (at-a-lan'ta), n. Greek Myth. A 
princess of Scypos, who was a very swift 
runner. 

ATAMAN (at'a-man), n. Cossack chief; hetman. 
[Russ.] 

AT AUNT (a-tanf), ATAUNTO (a-tant'6), adv. 
Naut. In the state of being fully rigged. [Fr. 
autant.] 

ATAVISM (at'a-vizm), n. Recurrence of a pecu- 
liarity of an ancestor; reversion. [L. atavus, 
ancestor; from avus, grandfather.] 

ATAXIA (a-taks'i-a), ATAXY (a-taks'i), n. 
Pathol. Irregularity in the functions of the 
body, or in the course of a disease. [Gr. 
ataxia; from a priv. and tass, arrange.] 

ATAXIC (a-taks'ik), a. Pertaining to ataxia. 

ATAXY (a-taks'i), n. Same as ATAXIA. 

ATE (at), v. Past tense of EAT. 

ATE (a'te), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Zeus 
and goddess of infatuation, seduction and 
reckless crime. She was hurled by Zeus to 
earth, as a punishment, but the force with 
which she was thrown was insufficient to allow 
her to actually touch the earth itself; and she 
is supposed to continue hovering over the head 
of mankind in order to work her mischief on 
earth. 

-ATE, suffix. 1. As a termination in adjectives it 
is equivalent to -ed; as, animate (adjective), 



the same as animate*?. 2. As a termination in 
verbs it signifies to make, to act, or to do, 
3. As a termination in nouns it usually signi- 
fies office or function; in chemical terms it is 
used in naming salts formed from acids whose 
names end in -ic; thus from acetic acid come 
acetafes. [O. Fr. -at; from L. -atus.] 

ATELIER (a-ta-lya/), n. Studio; workshop, 
[Fr.] 

A TEMPO (a tem'pd). Music. In strict time. 
. [Fr.] 

ATHABASKA (ath-a-bas'ka), n. Division of 
N. W. Territory, Canada. Area 25,300 sq. m. 

ATHEISM (a'the-izm), n. Denial of the exist- 
ence of God; disbelief in a Creator. [Gr. 
atheos; from a priv. and theos, god.] 

ATHEIST (a'the-ist), n. One who adheres to 
Atheism. 

ATHEISTIC (a-the-is'tik), ATHEISTICAL (a- 
the-is'tik-al), a. Of or pertaining to atheism. 

ATHENE (a-the'ne), ATHENA (a-the'na), n. 
Greek name of Minerva, goddess of wisdom, 
war and science; Athens' tutelary deity. 

ATHENEUM, ATHENAEUM (ath-e-ne'um), n. 
Public institution for lectures, reading, etc. 
[Gr. Athenaion, temple of Athena ] 

ATHENIAN a-the'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
Athens, Greece, or its institutions. II. n. 
Citizen of Athens. 

ATHENS (ath'enz), n. Capital of Greece. 

ATHIRST (a-therst'), a. Thirsty; eager for. 

ATHLETE (ath'let),n. 1. One skilled in physical 
exercises. 2. One vigorous and active. [Gr. 
athletes, contestant for a prize in the public 
games; athlon, prize.] 

ATHLETIC (ath-let'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of athletics. 2. Pertaining to 
or like an athlete; strong; robust; vigorous. 

ATHLETICALLY (ath-let'ik-al-i), adv. In an 
athletic manner. 

ATHLETICS (ath-let'iks), n. 1. Loosely, all 
forms of physical exercise, out-door games, 
etc. 2. Technically, track and field contests. 
Track contests are those of running, hurdling 
and walking, while field contests include 
jumping, weight-throwing and pole-vaulting. 
3. System of physical training and exercises. 

ATHOR (a'thar), n. Egypt. Myth. [See HATH- 
OR.] Egyptian equivalent for the Greek god- 
dess Aphrodite. 

ATHWART (a-thwart), I. prep. Across. II. 
adv. Sidewise; in a manner to cross and per- 
plex. [See THWART.] 

ATILT (a-tilt), I. adv. In the manner of a tilter; 
as if thrusting at an antagonist. II. a. In the 
position of a barrel raised or tilted, so as to 
make its contents run out. 

-ATION, suffix. Signifies: 1. The act of. 2. The 
state of being. 3. That which. 

ATLANTA (at-lan'ta), n. Capital of Georgia. 

ATLANTEAN (at-lan'te-an), a. 1. Pertaining 
to Atlas. 2. Strong; capable of bearing great 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



ATLANTES 



78 



ATROPHY 



weight. Used chiefly of shoulders. 3. Per- 
taining to the fabled Atlantis. 

ATLANTES (at-lan'tgz), n.pl. Arch. Colossal 
statues of men used instead of pillars to sup- 
port an entablature. [Gr. Atlantes, pi. of 
Atlas*] 

ATLANTIC (at-lan'tik), I. a. 1. Pertaining or 
relating to the ocean so designated. 2. Per- 
taining to Atlas. 3. Pertaining to the fabled 
island of Atlantis. II. n. Atlantic Ocean, be- 
tween America and Europe and Africa, 10,- 
000 m. long; 3,000 m. wide; average depth 
about 13,000 ft. [Gr. Atlantikos, pertaining 
to Atlas.] 

ATLANTIS (at-lan'tis), n. Fabled island in the 
Atlantic Ocean, north-west of Africa, men- 
tioned by Plato and other ancient writers. 

ATLAS (at'las, n. 1. Collection of maps in a 
volume. 2. Work which presents a subject 
in a tabular form, as a historical atlas. 3. 
Rich satin fabric, manufactured in the Orient. 
4. Anat. First vertebra of the neck, the one 
on which the head is balanced. 5. Large size 
of paper. 6. Large olive-green beetle. 7. [A-] 
Greek Myth. A Titan who was fabled to bear 
the world on his shoulders; hence one who 
sustains a great burden. [L.; from Gr. Atlas.] 

ATMOLOGY (at-mol'o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of atmospheric vapor. [Gr. atmos, 
vapor, and -LOGY.] 

ATMOMETER (at-mom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for ascertaining the quantity of fluid evapo- 
rated in a given time. [Gr. atmos, vapor, and 
-METER.] 

ATMOSPHERE (at'mos-fer), n. 1. Gaseous 
envelope surrounding the earth. 2. Gaseous 
envelope of any planet or other celestial body. 
3. Any pervading intellectual, moral, relig- 
ious, or other influence by which one is sur- 
rounded. 4. Unit of gaseous or fluid pressure 
equal to 14.73 pounds per square inch. [Gr. 
atmos, vapor, and sphaira, sphere.] 

ATMOSPHERIC (at-mos-fer'ik), a. Of or per- 
taining to the atmosphere. 

ATOLL (a-tol' or at'ol), n. Coral island, con- 
sisting of a ring of coral surrounding a central 
lagoon. [Malayan.] 

ATOM (at'um), n. 1. Physics. Hypothetical 
particle of matter, until recently supposed to 
be indivisible, but which is now held to con- 
sist of a large number of separable component 
parts, called electrons or corpuscles. 2. Chem. 
Combining unit of an element. 3. Anything 
extremely small. [Gr. atomos; a priv. and 
temno, cut.] 

ATOMIC ( a-tom'ik), a. Pertaining or relating 
to an atom or atoms; consisting of atoms; 
like an atom; extremely minute. — Atomic 
weight, the weight of an atom of any element 
compared with that of hydrogen, which is 
regarded as unity. 

ATOMICITY (at-um-is'i-ti), n. Chem. Com- 
bining capacity of an element. 




ATOMIZATION (at-um-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
atomizing. 

ATOMIZE (at'um-iz), vt. [pr.p. ATOMIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. ATOMIZED (at'om-izd).] Re- 
duce to atoms; pulverize; spray. 

ATOMIZER (at'um-i-zer), 
n. One who or that 
which atomizes; spe- 
cifically, an instrument 
for reducing a liquid 
into a spray. 

ATONABLE (a-to'na-bl), 

a. That may be atoned. Atomizer. 

ATONE (a-ton'), v. [pr.p. 

ATO'NING; p.t. and p.p. ATONED (a-tond').] 
I. vt.\ 1 Reconcile; uniie. 2. Expiate; make 
reparation for. II. vi. Agree; make repara- 
tion. [AT and ONE.] 

ATONEMENT (a-ton'ment), w. 1. Act of ato- 
ning. 2. That 4 which atones; reconcili- 
ation; expiation; propitiation. 

ATONER (a-to'ner), n. One who atones. 

ATONIC (a-ton'ik), I. a. 1. Phon. (a) Not 
having an accent. (6) Surd. 2. Pathol. Per- 
taining to atony; having no tone in the sys- 
tem. II. n. Philol. Word or syllable that is 
without any accent. [Gr. atonos; a priv. and 
teino, stretch.] 

ATONY (at'o-ni), n. Pathol. Want of tone in 
the system; debility. 

ATOP (a-top')» adv. and prep. At the top; on 
the top. 

-ATOR, suffix. Agent; actor; doer; one who or 
that which. [L.] 

-ATORY, suffix. Of or pertaining to; producing; 
expressing. [L. -atorius.] 

ATRABILIOUS (at-ra-bil'yus), a. Pathol. Af- 
fected with biliary derangement; splenetic; 
melancholic. [L. atrabilis, black bile; ater, 
black, and bilis, bile.] 

ATRIP (a-trip'), adv. Naut. Raised clear of the 
ground. 

ATRIUM(a'tri-um),w. [pi. A'TRIA.] 1. Entrance 
hall or principal room of a Roman house. 2. 
A cemetery. 3. Anat. Either auricle of the 
heart. 4. Zool. Cavity or sac in body of 
ascidian. [L.] 

ATROCIOUS (a-tro'shus), a. Extremely cruel 
or wicked; horrible; outrageous. [L. atrox, 
cruel.] 

ATROCIOUSLY (a-tro'shus-li), adv. In an 
atrocious manner. 

ATROCIOUSNESS (a-tro'shus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being atrocious. 

ATROCITY (a-tros'i-ti), n. [pi. ATROCITIES.] 
1. State or quality of being atrocious. 2. 
Atrocious deed. 3. Bungle; botch. 

ATROPHIC (a-trof'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
affected with atrophy. 

ATROPHIED (at'ro-fld), a. Wasted away by 
atrophy. 

ATROPHY (at'ro-fl), n. [pi. AT'ROPHIES.] 1. 
Pathol. A wasting or withering of the body 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



ATROPIN 



79 



ATTENTION 






or its organs; wasted or withered condition. 

2. Biol. Arrest of development or growth 
of a part or organ. [L. and Gr. atrophia; Gr. 
a priv. and trepho, nourish.] 

ATROPIN, ATROPINE (at'ro-pin), n. Crystal- 
line alkaloid obtained from the deadly night- 
shade, Atropa belladonna. It is poisonous and 
dilates the pupil of the eye. 

ATROPOS (at'ro-pos), n. Greek Myth. One of 
the Parcae, daughter of Nox and Erebus, who 
cut the thread of life. 

ATTACCA, ATTACCA SUBITO (at-tak'ka so'- 
be-to), a. Music, Commence following 
movement at once. [It.] 

ATTACH (at-tach'), v. [pr.p. ATTACHING; p.t. 
and p.p. ATTACHED (at-tacht).] I. vt. 1. 
Fasten on; connect with; lay hold on. 2. 
Win or gain over. 3. Take by legal process. 
4. Attribute; ascribe. II. vi. Adhere; be- 
long; take effect. [Fr. attacher.] 

ATTACHABLE (at-tach'a-bl), a. That may be 
attached. 

ATTACHE (at-ta-sha'), n. One of the suite of 
an ambassador. [Fr.] 

ATTACHMENT (at-tach'ment), n. 1. Act of 
attaching. 2. Thing attached, or adjunct. 

3. That by which anything is attached. 4. 
Adherence; affection; regard; tie. 5. Law. 
Taking of a person or goods by legal process; 
writ authorizing such taking. 

SYN. Adherence; devotion; affection; 
union. ANT. Alienation; dislike; divorce; 
repugnance; separation. 

ATTACK (at-tak'), v. [pr.p. ATTACKING; p.t. 
and p.p. ATTACKED (at-takt).] I. vt. 1. 
Make an assault on with weapons of war. 2. 
Assail with material weapon or weapons of 
any kind. 3. Assail by hostile words, writ- 
ing, etc.; reproach; censure; criticize. 4. 
Affect; seize; as, disease attacks a person, 
acid attacks a metal. 5. Take in hand; 
tackle. II. vi. Make an assault, as con- 
tradistinguished from standing on the defen- 
sive. [Fr. attaquer.] 

ATTACK (at-tak'), n. 1. Act of attacking. 2. 
Party or force that attacks. 

ATTAIN (at-tan'), v. [pr.p. ATTAINING; p.t. 
and p.p. ATTAINED (at-tand).] I. vt. 1. 
Gain or achieve by effort, as an object, place 
or position. 2. Come to or arrive at. II. vi. 
Reach; come; arrive. [O. Fr. ataindre; from 
L. attingo; from ad, to, and tango, touch.] 

SYN. Secure; accomplish; gain; effect; 
compass; get; obtain; acquire; procure; 
earn; win. ANT. Lose; miss; forego; 
quit; abandon; remove; vacate. 

ATTAINABILITY (at-tan-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being attainable. 

ATTAINABLE (at-tan'a-bl), a. That may be 
attained; practicable. 

ATTAINABLENESS (at-tan'a-bl-nes), n. At- 
tainability. 

ATTAINDER (at-tan'der), n. Eng. Law. State 



or condition of being attainted, which, accord- 
ing to Blackstone, meant "stained" or "black- 
ened." It followed when sentence of death 

* was pronounced upon a criminal, and in- 
volved the forfeiture of his estate and the 
"corruption of his blood." [O. Fr. ataindre; 
see ATTAIN.] 

ATTAINMENT (at-tan'ment), n. 1. Act of 
attaining. 2. State of being attained. 3. 
That which is attained. 4. Personal acquire- 
ment, accomplishment, or proficiency. In 
this sense commonly in the plural. 

ATTAINT (at-tant), vt. [pr. p. ATTAINTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ATTAINTED.] Disgrace; taint; 
stain; obscure; blacken, as an attainder was 
supposed to stain or blacken the person against 
whom it was directed. [O. Fr. ataindre; see 
ATTAIN.] 

ATTAINT (at-tanf), n. 1. Taint or stain of dis- 
honor. 2. Attainder. 

ATTAL (at'al), n. Mining. Waste matter or 
refuse, consisting of broken rock containing 
little or no ore. [A. S. adela, mud.] 

ATTAR (at'ar), n. Fragrant essential oil obtained 
from roses by distillation; it is commonly 
known as attar or otto of roses. [Per. 'atar; 
from Ar. 'atara, breathe perfume.] 

ATTEMPER (at-tem'per), vt. [pr.p. ATTEM- 
PERING; p.t. and p.p. ATTEMPERED (at- 
tem'perd).] 1. Moderate; temper. 2. Modify 
so as to suit or fit. 3. Combine in due 
proportions; regulate. [O.. Fr. atemprer; 
from L. attempero; from ad, to, and tempero, 
temper.] 

ATTEMPT (at-tempt), v. [pr.p. ATTEMPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ATTEMPTED.] I. vt. 1. Try; 
endeavor. 2. Attack. II. vi. Be guilty of 
attacking. [L. attento; from ad, to, and 
tento, try.] 

SYN. Undertake; essay; try; endeavor; 
strive. ANT. Abandon; drop; quit; leave. 

ATTEMPT (at-tempt), n. 1. An endeavor; an 
effort. 2. An attack; an assault. 

SYN. Effort; endeavor; essay; exertion; 
struggle; trial. 

ATTEND Cat-tend'), v. [pr.p. ATTENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. ATTEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Accom- 
pany; wait on; minister to. 2. Be present at. 
3. Accompany as a consequence. II. vi. 1. 
Listen; regard with attention. 2. Be in at- 
tendance. 3. Follow as a result. [L. attendo; 
from ad, to, and tendo, stretch.] 

ATTENDANCE (at-tend'ans), n. 1. Act of at- 
tending; presence. 2. Persons attending. 

ATTENDANT (at-tend'ant), I. n. 1. One who 
or that which attends or accompanies. 2. 
One present. II. a. Giving attendance; 
accompanying. 

ATTENT (at-tenf), a. Attentive. 

ATTENTION (at-ten'shun), n. 1. Act of attend- 
ing; heeding; regarding attentively. 2. Act of 
civility or courtesy. 3. Care. 4. Military 
command requiring a pose of readiness. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ATTENTIVE 



80 



ATTRIBUTE 



ATTENTIVE (at-ten'tiv), a. Heedful; intent; 
regardful. 

SYN. Mindful; studious; careful; con- 
siderate; thoughtful; civil; polite. ANT. 
Heedless; unmindful; disregardful; incon- 
siderate; discourteous; neglectful; impolite. 

ATTENTIVELY (at-ten'tiv-li), adv. In an at- 
tentive manner. 

ATTENTIVENESS (at-ten'tiv-nes), n. Quality 
of being attentive. 

ATTENUANT (at-ten'u-ant), I. a. Having pow- 
er to make thin or dilute. II. n. Med. Sub- 
stance which thins the blood or dilutes the 
fluids of the body. s 

ATTENUATE (at-ten'u-at), v. [pr.p. ATTENU- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. ATTENUATED.] I. vt. 

I. Make thin in the sense of less dense; ren- 
der more watery and of less consistence. 2. 
Make more slender; render finer. 3. Lessen; 
diminish. II. vi. Grow more slender, thinner, 
finer, or less. [L. attenuatus, p.p. of attenuo; 
from ad, to, and tenuis, thin.] 

ATTENUATE (at-ten'u-at), ATTENUATED 

(at-ten'u-a-ted), a. 1. Made thin, or less 

viscid. 2. Made slender. 3. Hot. Growing 

slender towards the extremity; tapering. 
ATTENUATION (at-ten-u-a'shun), n. Act of 

attenuating, or state of being attenuated. 
ATTEST (at-tesf), vt. [pr.p. ATTESTING; p.t. 

and p.p. ATTEST'ED.] 1. Bear witness to; 

certify officially; affirm. 2. Give proof of; 

manifest. [L. attestor; from ad, to, and testis, 

witness.] 
ATTEST (at-tesf), n. One who or that which 

attests; witness; evidence; attestation. 
ATTESTATION (at-tes-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 

attesting. 2. Testimony; witness; evidence; 

that which attests anything. 
ATTESTATIVE (at-tes'ta-tiv), a. Attesting; 

bearing witness to. 
ATTESTER (at-test'er), ATTESTOR (at-tesf- 

ur), n. One who attests; an attest. 
ATTIC (at'ik), n. Uppermost room in a house; 

garret. [Fr. attique.] 
ATTIC (at'tik), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to 

Attica or Athens. 2. Classical. 3. Pure; 

elegant. — Attic salt, poignant, delicate wit. 

II. n. Citizen of Attica; Athenian. 
ATTICISM (at'i-sizm), n. 1. Peculiarity of 

Attic style or idiom. 2. Elegant expression. 

ATTIRE (at-tir'), vt. [pr.p. ATTIR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ATTIRED (at-tird).] Dress; clothe; ar- 
ray; adorn. [O. Fr. atirer, adorn.] 

ATTIRE (at-tir'), n. That which clothes or 
adorns; dress; apparel. 

ATTITUDE (at'i-tud), n. Posture or position; 
gesture; bearing; disposition of mind or feeling, 
[It. attitudine; from L. L. aptitudo; from aptus, 
fit.] 

SYN. Pose; position; posture. 

ATTITUD1NAL (at-i-tu'di-nal), o. Of or per- 
taining to attitude. 

ATTITUDINIZE (at-i'tu-di-niz), vi. [pr.p. 



ATTITU'DINIZING; p.t. and p.p. ATTITU- 
DINIZED (at-i-tu'di-nizd).] Assume affected 
attitudes or airs. 
ATTORN (at-turn'), vt. [pr.p. ATTORN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ATTORNED (at-turnd').] Trans- 
fer (as tenancy, service, or homage) from one 
landlord to another. [O. Fr. atomer; from a, 
to, and tourner, turn. 
ATTORNEY (at-tur'ni), n. One who is legally 
qualified to manage matters in law for others, 
to prosecute and defend actions, etc.; lawyer. 
— Attorney general, officer whose duty it is to 
manage the law affairs of the nation; similar 
officer of a State. — Power of attorney, formal 
written authority to transact the business of 
another. [O. Fr. atorne, p.p. of atomer, at- 
torn; from L. ad, to, and torno, turn.] 
ATTORNEYSHIP (at-tur'ni-ship), n. Office or 

function of an attorney. 
ATTORNMENT (at-turn'ment), n. Transfer of 
tenancy from one landlord to another; act of 
attorning. 
ATTRACT (at-trakf), v. [p.p. ATTRACTING; 
p.t. and p.p.ATTRACT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Draw 
or cause to approach by gravitation, mag- 
netism, or affinity. 2. Draw by moral in- 
fluence; allure; entice. II. vi. Possess or 
exert attractive power. [L. attractus, p.p. of 
attraho; ad, to, and traho, draw.] 

SYN. Draw; pull; converge; entice. 

ANT. Repel; diverge; push; reject. 
ATTRACT ABILITY (at-trakt-a-bil'i-ti), n. At- 

tractableness. 
ATTRACTABLE (at-trakt'a-bl), a. That may 

be attracted; susceptible to attraction. 
ATTRACTABLENESS (at-trakt'a-bl-nes), n. 

Quality of being attractable. 
ATTRACTER (at-trakt'er), ATTRACTOR (at- 
trakt'ur), n. One who or that which attracts. 
ATTRACTILE (at-trakt'il), a. Having power 

to attract. 
ATTRACTION (at-trak'- 
shun), n. 1. Act or pow- 
er of attracting. 2. State 
of being attracted. 3. That 
which attracts; attract- 
ive qualities. 
ATTRACTIVE (at-trakf- 
iv), a. Having the quality 
or power of attracting; 
ATTRACTIVELY (at-trakt'iv-li), adv. 

attractive manner. 
ATTRACTIVENEESS (at-trakt'iv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being attractive. 
ATTRACTOR, n. Same as ATTRACTER. 
ATTRAHENT (at'ra-hent), I. a. Drawing to or 
toward. II. n. That which draws to or to- 
ward. [L. attrahens, pr.p. of attraho, draw to.] 
ATTRIBUTABLE (at-trib'u-ta-bl), a. That 

may be attributed, ascribed, or imputed to. 
ATTRIBUTE (at-trib'ut), vt. [pr.p. ATTRIB'- 
UTING; p.t. and p.p. ATTRIB'UTED.] 
Ascribe, impute, assign, as belonging to, caused 




Magnetic attraction. 

alluring; enticing. 
In an 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, -wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



ATTRIBUTE 



SI 



AUGEAN 



by, or owing to. [L. attributus, p.p. of attribuo; 
from ad, to, and tribuo, give.] 

SYN. Impute; charge. ANT. Acquit; 
excuse; clear. 
ATTRIBUTE (at'ri-but), n. 1. That which is 
attributed. 2. That which is inherent in. 

3. That which can be predicated of anything. 

4. Quality or property. 
ATTRIBUTION (at-tri-bu'shun), n. Act of 

attributing; that which is attributed. 

ATTRIBUTIVE (at-trib'u-tiv), I. a. Expressing 
an attribute. II. n. Word denoting an attri- 
bute, as an adjective. 

ATTRIBUTIVELY (at-trib'u-tiv-li), adv. In 
an attributive manner. 

ATTRITE (at-trif), a. 1. Worn by rubbing or 
friction. 2. Theol. Penitent only through 
fear of punishment. [L. attritus, p.p. of attero ; 
from ad, to, and tero, rub.] 

ATTRITION (at-trish'un), n. 1. Rubbing of one 
thing against another; wearing down by 
friction. 2. State of bein^ rubbed or worn 
away. 3. Sorrow for sin through fear of 
punishment. 

ATTUNE (at-tun'), vt. [pr.p. ATTU'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. ATTUNED (at-tund).] 1. Put in 
tune; render one musical instrument or sound 
accordant with another. 2. Bring into agree- 
ment or harmony; adjust. [AT- (to) and 
TUNE.] 

AUBADE (6-bad), n. Morning music. [Fr.] 

AUBERGE (6-berj' or 6-barzh), n. Place of 
entertainment for travelers; tavern; inn. [Fr.] 

AUBURN (a/burn), a. Reddish brown. [O. Fr. 
auborne.] 

AUCTION (a,k'shun), n. Public sale of anything 
to the highest bidder. [L. audio, auctionis; 
from augeo, increase.] 

AUCTION (ak'shun), vt. [pr.p. AUCTIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. AUCTIONED (ak'shund).] Sell 
by auction, usually expressed "sell at auc- 
tion." 

AUCTIONEER (ak-shun-er), n. One whose 
occupation it is to conduct sales by auction. 

AUCTIONEER (ak-shun-er'), vt. [pr.p. AUC- 
TIONEERING; p.t. and p.p. AUCTION- 
EERED (ak-shun-erd').] Dispose of by auc- 
tion; sell at auction. 

AUDACIOUS (a-da'shus), a. Daring; impu- 
dent; bold; with contempt of law. [L. audeo, 
dare.] 

AUDACIOUSLY (a-da'shus-li), adv. In an au- 
dacious manner. 

AUDACIOUSNESS (a-da'shus-nes), n. Quality 
of being audacious. 

AUDACITY (a-das'i-ti), n. Boldness; impu- 
dence; effrontery; daring. 

SYN. Defiance; fearlessness; nerve; 
pluck; rashness; temerity; precipitation. 
[See COURAGE.] ANT. Cowardice; timid- 
ity; fearfulness; pusillanimity; caution. 

AUDIBILITY (a-di-bil'i-ti), n. Capability of 
being heard. 



Loud enough to be heard. 



In an audible man- 




Audiphone. 
[L. auditus; 



AUDIBLE (a'di-bl), a. 
[L. audio, hear.] 

AUDIBLY (a'di-bli), adv. 
ner; aloud. 

AUDIENCE (a'di-ens), n. 1. Act of hearing. 2. 
Admittance to a hearing; formal interview. 
3. Auditory; assembly of hearers. 

AUDIENT (a'di-ent), a. Listening; hearing. 

AUDIENTIAL (a-di-en'shal), a. Pertaining to 
an audience. 

AUDIOMETER (a-di-om'e-ter), n. Device used 
to test and ascertain hearing power, as well as 
for measuring the volume of sound. 

AUDION (a'di-on), n. In wireless telegraphy, a 
vacuum tube that serves as valve, sounder 
and relay. 

AUDIPHONE (a'di-fon), n. De- 
vice for aiding the deaf to hear 
by conveyance of sound 
through the teeth to the audi- 
tory nerve; especially a rub- 
ber fan-like appliance to be 
placed between the teeth. [L. 
audio, hear, and Gr. phone, 
sound.] 

AUDIT (a'dit), n. 1. Examina- 
tion and verification of ac- 
counts by a person or persons 
duly authorized. 2. Account 
as thus tested and verified, 
from audio, hear.] 

AUDIT (adit), vt. [pr.p. AUDITING; p.t. and 
p.p. AU'DITED.] Examine and verify or ad- 
just, as accounts. 

AUDITION (a-dish'un), n. Hearing; something 
heard. 

AUDITIVE (a'di-tiv), a. Having power of hear- 
ing; auditory. 

AUDITOR (a'di-tur), n. 1. One who audits ac- 
counts; specifically, a national or state officer 
whose duty it is to audit accounts of the nation 
or state. 2. Hearer; one of an audience. 

AUDITORIUM (a-di-to'ri-um), n. [pi. AUDI- 
TORIUMS or AUDITORIAL 1. Room or 
space intended for an audience. 2. Building 
designed for the accommodation of a large 
audience. 

AUDITORSHIP (a'di-tur-ship), n. Office, func- 
tions, or term of office of an auditor. 

AUDITORY (a'di-to-ri), I. a. Pertaining to the 
sense of hearing or to an audience room. II. 
n. [pi. AU'DITORIES.] 1. Audience room. 
2. Audience. 

AUDITRESS (a'di-tres), n. Female hearer. 

AU FAIT ( 6-f a) . Thoroughly informed ; skilled ; 
expert. [Fr., lit., to the act or fact.] 

AUGEAN (a-je'an), a. 1. Pertaining to Augeas, 
one of the fabled Argonauts, king of Elis, 
whose stables, containing 3,000 oxen, had 
not been cleaned for 30 years, till Hercules 
swept them clean by turning the river Alpheus 
into them. 2. Pertaining to any filthy and 
arduous undertaking. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



AUG E AS 



82 



AUREOLE 



AUGEAS (a'je-as), n. Greek Myth. A king of 
Elis, the owner of the stable which Hercules 
cleansed after 3,000 oxen had been kept in it 
for 30 years; cleansed by running the river 
Alpheus through it. 

AUGER (a'ger), n. 1. Carpenter's tool used for 
boring holes in wood. 2. Similar but longer 
tool for boring in the earth. [From A. S. 
nafu, nave, and gar, borer.] 

AUGHT (at), I. n. and pron. Ought; anything. 
II. adv. In any way; at all. [A. S. a, ever, 
and whit, thing.] 

AUGITE (a' jit), n. Mineral of a black or green- 
ish-black color, found in volcanic rocks. 
[Gr. auge, luster.] 

AUGITIC (a-jit'ik), a. Pertaining to, resembling 
or composed of augite. 

AUGMENT (ag-menf), v. [pr.p. AUGMENT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. AUGMENT'ED.] I. vt. 
Increase; enlarge; intensify. II. vi. Grow 
larger; become more intense; rise in degree. 
[L.L. augmento, from L. augmentum. See 
AUGMENT, n.] 

AUGMENT (ag'ment), n. 1. Increase, or that 
by which anything is increased. 2. Gram. 
Syllable prefixed to a word; in Greek Gram- 
mar, a prefix to the past tenses, intended to 
distinguish them from other tenses. [L. 
augmentum; from augeo, increase.] 

SYN. Enlargement; growth; swell; 
spread; extension. ANT. Decrease; reduc- 
tion; abatement; shrinkage. 

AUG3IENTABLE (ag-ment'a-bl), a. Capable of 
augmentation or increase. 

AUGMENTATION (ag-men-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of augmenting; increase; enlargement; ad- 
dition; intensification. 2. State of being aug- 
mented. 3. Part added. 4. Pathol. State of 
a disease in which the symptoms go on in- 
creasing. 

AUGMENTATIVE (ag-men'ta-tiv), I. a. Hav- 
ing the quality or power of augmenting. II. 
n. Gram. Derivative word denoting an 
augmentation or increase of that which is 
expressed by its primitive. 

AUGMENTER (ag-men'ter), n. One who in- 
creases or augments. 

AUGUR (a'gur), n. One who professes to fore- 
tell future events by omens; soothsayer; 
diviner. [L.; from avis, bird, and garrio, 
talk.] 

AUGUR (a'gur), v. [pr.p. AUGURING; p.t. 
and p.p. AUGURED (a'gurd).] I. vt. 1. 
Prognosticate; divine. 2. Forebode; por- 
tend; presage. II. vi. Form auguries, 
prognostications, or predictions regarding 
future events; conjecture. 

SYN. Betoken; foretell; divine; fore- 
show; predict; prophesy. ANT. Assure; 
demonstrate; calculate; determine. 

AUGURAL (a'gu-ral), a. 1. Pertaining to au- 
gury or augurs. 2. Ominous. 

AUGURIAL (a-gu'ri-al), a. Same as AUGURAL. 




Auk {Alca impennis). 



AUGURY (a'gu-ri), n. [pi. AU'GURffiS.] 1. 

Divination. 2. Omen; that which is augured; 
prognostication. 3. Presage; portent. 

AUGUST (a-gusf), a. 1. Inspiring reverence or 
admiration. 2. Eminent; venerable. [L. 
augustus; from augeo, increase, honor.] 

SYN. Majestic; magnificent; imposing; 
stately; grand; dignified; awful. ANT. 
Base; despicable; mean; common; con- 
temptible; commonplace; ordinary. 

AUGUST (a'gust), n. Eighth month of the year, 
so called in honor of C&sar Augustus, the 
first Roman emperor. 

AUK (ak), n. Web-foot- 
ed sea-bird, found in 
northern seas. [Ice. 
alka.~\ 

AULIC (a'lik), I. a. Of 
or pertaining to a 
royal court. II. n. 
Ceremony observed in 
sfme European uni- 
veMities when one re- 
ceives the degree of 

Doctor of Divinity. — Aulic Council. 1. In 
the old German empire, the personal council 
of the emperor. 2. Council at Vienna for 
the management of the military affairs of 
Austria. 

AUNT (ant), n. 1. Sister of one's father or 
mother. 2. Wife of one's uncle. [L. amita, 
father's sister.] 

AUNTIE, AUNTY (ant'i), n. 1. Familiar name 
for an aunt. 2. Old negress. 

AURA (a'ra), n. 1. Any subtle, invisible fluid, 
gaseous, or other material emanating from a 
body; aroma of flowers. 2. Pathol. Sensa- 
tion of a light vapor, which, in some diseases, 
appears to emanate from the body and rise 
toward the head, usually followed by a fit of 
epilepsy. [L. ; from Gr. aura, breeze.] 

AURAL (a'ral), a. Pertaining to the ear or to 
the sense of hearing. [L. auris, ear.] 

AURATE (a'rat), AURATED (a'ra-ted), a. Hav- 
ing ears. [L. auris, ear.] 

AURATE (a'rat), n. Chem. A salt of auric 
acid. [L. aurum, gold.] 

AUREATE (a're-at), a. Golden; gilded. [L. L. 
aureatus; from aurum, gold.] 

AURELIA (a-re'li-a), n. Chrysalis; pupa. [L. 
aurelia, pupa of a golden color, from aurum, 
gold.] 

AUREOLA (a-re'ol-a), n. Art. Representation 
of luminous rays surrounding a person, in- 
tended to denote an effulgence of the Divine 
presence. It differs from a nimbus in the 
fact that it envelops the whole body while the 
nimbus is limited to the head. [L. aureolus, 
golden, from aurum, gold.] 

AUREOLE (a're-61), n. Astron. Luminous circle 
round the sun or other celestial body; corona; 
halo. [Fr. aureole; from L. aureolus; from 
aurum, gold.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



AUREUS 



83 



AUSTRIAN 



AUREUS (a're-us), n. [pL AUREI (a're-i).] First 
gold, coin of Rome = &4. to $6., coined 207 B. 
C. [L., from aurum, gold.] 

AURIC (a'rik), a. 1. Having more or less gold 
in its composition. 2. Chem. Containing 
gold combined in its highest or triad valency. 
[See AUROUS.] 

AURICLE (a'ri-kl), n. Anat. 1. Either of the 
two cavities or chambers of the heart which 
receive blood from the veins and transmit it 
to a ventricle. So called from its ear-like 
appearance. 2. External ear; pinna. [L. 
auricula, dim. of auris, ear.] 

AURICULA (a-rik'u-la), n. [pi. AUBIC'ULl.] 
Bot. Primrose or bear's-ear (Primula Auric- 
ula). 

AURICULAR (a-rik'u-lar), a. 1. Pertaining to 
the ear, or to the sense of hearing; confided 
to the ear; known by hearsay. 2. Pertaining 
to the auricles of the heart. 

AURICULARLY (a-rik'u-lar-li), adv. By means 
of whispering in the ear; secretly. 

AURICULATE (a-rik'u-lat), AURICULATED 
(a-rik'ti-la-ted), a. Eared; having ear-shaped 
appendages; like an ear; auriform. 

AURIFEROUS (a-rif'er-us), a. Containing or 
yielding gold. [L. aurum, gold, and fero, bear.] 

AURIFORM (a'ri-farm), a. Formed like an ear, 
especially the external human ear. 

AURISCOPE (a'ri-skop), n. Instrument for 
examining the ear. [L. auris, ear, and -SCOPE.] 

AURIST (a'rist), n. One skilled in the treat- 
ment of disorders of the ear. 

AUROCHS (a'roks), n. Species of bison (Bison 
oonasus), now found only in Lithuania. 

AURORA (a-ro'ra), n. 1. Bom. Myth. Goddess 
of dawn. 2. [a-] Rising roseate light of 
early morning; dawn. 3. [a-] Extraordinary 
luminous appearance of the night sky some- 
times seen in the polar heavens, and called 
aurora borealis or aurora australis, according 
as it is seen in the north or in the south. The 
aurora borealis is commonly known as the 
northern lights. 

AURORAL (a-ro'ral), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
dawn of day; roseate. 2. Pertaining to the 
aurora borealis, or to the aurora australis. 

AUROUS (a'rus), a. 1. Pertaining to gold; con- 
taining gold. 2. Chem. With gold of a monad 
valence in its composition. [L. aurum, gold, 
and -OUS.] 

AURUM (a'rum), n. Chem. Gold. — Aurum 
fulminans, or fulminating gold, gold dissolved 
in nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by 
ammonia. [L.] 

AUSCULTATE (as'kul-tat), vt. [pr.p. AUS'- 
CULTATING; p.t. and p.p. AUSCULTAT- 
ED.] Examine by auscultation. [L. aus- 
culto, listen.] 

AUSCULTATION (as-kul-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of listening. 2. Med. Method of distinguish- 
ing diseases, particularly in the thorax, by 
observing the sounds in the part, either directly, 



by applying the ear, or by means of a stetho- 
scope. 

AUSPICE (as'pis), n. [pi. AUSPICES (as'pi- 
sez).] Omen; augury; observation of signs 
foretelling the future. Now almost always 
used in the plural form. [L. auspicium; 
from auspex, augur; from avis bird, and 
specio, observe.] 

AUSPICIOUS (as'pish-us), o. Having good 
auspicies or omens of success; favorable; 
fortunate. 

SYN. Favoring; propitious; promising. 
ANT. Inauspicious; unfavorable; discour- 
aging; premature; untimely. 

AUSPICIOUSLY (as-pish'us-li), adv. In an 
auspicious manner. 

AUSPICIOUSNESS (as-pish'us-nes), n. Quality 
of being auspicious. 

AUSTENITE (a'sten-it), n. A carbide of iron 
that forms one of the principal ingredients 
of steel. 

AUSTER (as'ter), n, 1. South wind. 2. The 
south. [L.] 

AUSTERE (as-ter'), a. 1. Crabbed in temper; 
harsh; stern. 2. Severely simple; unadorned. 
3. Harsh, tart, or rough to the taste. [L. 
austerus; from Gr. austeros; from auo, dry.] 

SYN. Severe; rough; rigid; stern; rigor- 
ous; strict. ANT. Indulgent; kind; com- 
passionate; genial; yielding. 

AUSTERELY (as-ter'li), adv, 
manner. 

AUSTERENESS (as-ter'nes), n 
being austere; austerity. 

AUSTERITY (as-ter'i-ti), n. 

ITIES.] 1. Harshness; severity; crabbedness 
of temper; sternness. 2. Harshness or 
sourness of taste. 

AuSTERLITZ (ows'ter-lits), n. A town in Aus- 
tria-Hungary, scene of a Napoleonic victory 
in 1805. 

AUSTRAL (as'tral), a. Pertaining to the south; 
southern. [L. australis; from auster, south 
wind.] 

AUSTRALASIAN (as-tral-a'shan), I. a. Per- 
taining to Australasia, division of the globe 
consisting of Australia and neighboring is- 
lands. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Austral- 
asia. 

AUSTRALIA (as-tra'li-a), n. Largest island in 
world; S. E. of Asia. Area 2,972,573 sq. m. 

AuSTRALIAN(as-tra'li-an), 
I. o. Pertaining to Aus- 
tralia. II. n. Native or 
inhabitant of Australia. 

Austria-Hungary (as- 



tri-a-hun'ga-ri), n. Euro- 
pean empire. Area 240,942 
sq. m. 

Austrian (as'tri-an), i. 

a. Pertaining to Austria. 
II. n. Native or inhabi- 
tant of Austria. 



In an austere 
Quality of 
[pi. AUSTER'- 




Australian. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute hut burn 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



AUTHENTIC 



84 



ATJTOCOPIST 




Prince Metternich, 
Austrian States- 
man. Born 1773, 
died 1829 



AUTHENTIC (a-then'ti k), 
AUTHENTICAL (a-then - 
tik-al), a. 1. Trust- 
worthy; reliable; having 
a genuine origin. 2. Of 
approved authority. 3. 
Law. Vested with all due 
formalities, and legally at- 
tested. 4. Music. Having 
an immediate relation to 
the key-note or tonic. [Gr. 
authentes, real author; 
from autos, self, and hentes 
worker.] 

SYN. Genuine; au- 
thoritative; authorized; veritable. ANT. 
Spurious; unauthorized; false; ficticious; 
bogus; counterfeit. 

AUTHENTICALLY (a-then'tik-al-i), adv. In 
an authentic manner. 

AUTHENTIC ALNESS (a-then'tik-al-nes), w. 
Quality of being authentic; authenticity. 

AUTHENTICATE (a-then'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. 

AUTHENTICATING; p.t. and p.p. AUTHEN- 
TICATED.] 1. Render authentic. 2. Give 
authority to by the necessary formalities. 
3. Determine as genuine. 

AUTHENTICATION (a-then-ti-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of authenticating. 2. State of being 
authenticated. 

AUTHENTICITY (a-then-tis'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being authentic; genuineness; authorita- 
tiveness. 

AUTHENTICLY (a-then'tik-li), adv. Authen- 
tically; so as to be authentic. 

AUTHENTICNESS (a-then'tik-nes), n. Authen- 
ticity; authenticalness. 

AUTHOR (a'thur), n. 1. One who produces 
or creates. 2. Beginner or first mover; cause. 
3. One who composes or writes a book, 
poem, etc. [L. auctor; from augeo, increase.] 

AUTHORESS (a'thur-es), n. Female author. 
The word is now seldom used, author being 
used instead. 

AUTHORITATIVE (a-thor'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Hav- 
ing authority. 2. Dictatorial. 

AUTHORITATIVELY (a-thor'i-ta-tiv-li), adv. 
In an authoritative manner. 

AUTHORITATIVENESS (a-thor'i-ta-tiv-nes), w. 
Quality of being authoritative. 

AUTHORITY (a-thor'i-ti), n. [pi. AUTHOR'- 
ITIES.] 1. Legal power or right to command 
or to act. 2. Person or persons invested with 
legal power or right. 3. Authoritative power, 
weight or influence derived from rank, office, 
character, age, experience, etc. 4. Authori- 
tative precedent, official declaration, or legal 
decision. 5. Person or organization in 
whom government or command is vested. 
SYN. Rule; sway; command; control; 
dominion; influence; prerogative; mastery; 
appointment; permission; precept; war- 
ranty; voucher; concession. ANT. Pro- 



hibition; interdiction; restriction; restraint; 
bar; proscription. 

AUTHORIZATION (a-thur-I-za'shun), n. Act 
of authorizing, or state of being authorized. 

AUTHORIZE (a'thur-iz), vt. [pr.p. AUTHOR- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. AUTHORIZED (a'thur- 
izd).] 1. Give authority to; commission; em- 
power. 2. Sanction; justify; permit. 3. Es- 
tablish by authority. 4. Make legal. 

AUTHORSHIP (a'thur-ship), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being an author. 2. Source; origin. 

AUTO (a'to), n. [pi. AUTOS (a'toz).] An auto- 
mobile. (Colloq.) 

AUTO-, prefix. Self; of one's self; self-moving; 
automatic. [Gr. autos, self.] 

AUTOBIOGRAPHER (a-to-bi-og'ra-fer), n. 
One who writes a biography of himself or 
herself. 

AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL (a-to-bi-6-graf 'ik-al), 
a. Of or pertaining to autobiography. 

AUTOBIOGRAPHY (a-to-bi-og'ra-fl), n. [pi. 
AUTOBIOGRAPHIES.] Narrative of the most 
memorable incidents in one's life, written by 
one's self. [AUTO- and BIOGRAPHY.] 

AUTOBOAT (a'to-bot), n. Boat propelled by 
a motor; automobile boat; motor boat. 
[AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, and BOAT.] 

AUTOBUS (a'to-bus), n. Au- 
tomobile omnibus; motor 
bus. [AUTO, for AUTO- 
MOBILE, and BUS.] 

AUTOCAB(a'to-kab),™. Cab 
moved from within by 
steam, electric power, etc., 
instead of by traction; au- 
tomobile cab; motor cab. 
[AUTO- and CAB.] 

AUTOCAR (a'to-kar), n. 1. Automobile; motor 
car. 2. Armored military automobile, 
equipped with machine guns, ammunition, 
etc. [AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, and CAR.] 

AUTOCARPOUS (a-to-kar'pus), a. Bot. Ap- 
plied to a fruit not adhering to the calyx. 
[AUTO-, and Gr. Jcarpos, fruit.] 

AUTO-CARRIAGE (a'to-kar-ij), n. Self-pro- 
pelling carriage. 

AUTOCHTHON (a-tok'thon), n. 1. One of the 
aborigines of a country. 2. Indigenous plant or 
animal. [Gr. autos, self, and chthon, earth.] 

AUTOCHTHONIC (a-tok-thon'ik), a. 1. Aborig- 
inal. 2. Indigenous. 

AUTOCHTHONOUS (a-tok'thon-us), a. Of the 
nature of an autochthon; autochthonic. 

AUTOCLAVE (a-to'klav), n. Fireless cooker. 
[Gr. autos, self, and L. clavis, key.] 

AUTOCOHERER (a-to-ko-her'er), n. Auto- 
matic wireless telegraphic coherer. [AUTO- 
and COHERER.] 

AUTOCOMBUSTIBLE (a-to-kom-bus'ti-bl), a. 
Capable of being burned without the aid of 
additional fuel; self-combustible. [AUTO- 
and COMBUSTIBLE.] 

AUTOCOPIST (a'to-kop-ist), n. Automatic 




Autobus. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u In Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. 





LAMP BRACKET 
FRONT WHEEL 
REACH ROD 

.WATER PUMP 

INTAKE VALVES 
MAGNETO 



.WATER PIPES 

CYLINDER, 

SPARKPLUGS 

STEERING COLUMN 

STEERING WHEEL 
^SHIFTING LEVER 

FOOTlBRAKE " 

D\ x CLUTCH PEDAL 
EMERGENCY BRAKE 

iPARK&THROTTLE CONTROL 



INTERNAL & EXPANDING, BRAKE 



COPYRIGHT I91T BY WM. H.LEE 







AUTOCRACY 



85 



AUTONOMY 



manifolding apparatus. [Fr. aulocopiste— 
Gr. autos, self, and Fr. copiste, copier.] 

AUTOCRACY (a-tok'ra-si), n . [pi. AUTOC- 
RACIES.] Supreme, uncontrolled authority, 
or right of government, vested in one person; 
absolutism; rule of an autocrat. [Gr. auto- 
krateia; from autokrates, autocrat.] 

AUTOCRAT (a'to-krat), n. Absolute sovereign; 
one who rules with undisputed sway. [Gr. 
autokrates; from autos, self, and kratos, 
strength.] 

AUTOCRATIC (a-to-krat'ik), AUTOCRATICAL 
a-to-krat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to an auto- 
crat or autocracy; absolute in government; 
despotic. 

AUTOCYCLE (a'to-si-kl), n. Motorcycle; motor 
bicycle or tricycle. [AUTO, for AUTOMOBILE, 
and CYCLE.] 







Autocycle. 

AUTO DA FE (ow-to-da-fa'). Same as AUTO 
DE FE. [Pgl. 

AUTO DE FE (ow-to da fa), [pi. AUTOS DE FE.] 
Literally, "an act of faith," solemn ceremony 
held by the court of the Inquisition in Spain 
preliminary to the execution of a heretic; the 
sentence of the court; the court's session. [Sp.] 

AUTO-DIGESTION (a-to-di-jes'chun), n. Di- 
gestion of the stomach itself by the gastric 
juice. 

AUTODYNAMIC (a-to-di-nam'ik), a. Operating 
by its own power or force without extraneous 
aid. [AUTO- and DYNAMIC] 

AUTOGENOUS (a-toj'e-nus), a. Self-engen- 
dered; arising spontaneously. [Gr. autogenes; 
from autos, self, and gennao, beget; from genua, 
birth.] 

AUTOGRAPH (a'to-graf), I. n. Anything writ- 
ten with one's own hand, as a letter or signa- 
ture. II. a. Written by one's own hand, as 
an autograph manuscript, a manuscript in the 
handwriting of the author. [Gr. autographos ; 
from autos, self, and grapho, write.] 

AUTOGRAPHIC (a-to-graf'ik), AUTOGRAPH- 
ICAL (a-to-graf'ik-al), a. 1. Written by one's 
own hand. 2. Pertaining to an autograpb, 
or to autography. 3. Self-recording. 

AUTOGRAPHY (a-tog'ra-fi), n. 1. Science of 
autographs. 2. Original manuscript. 3. Proc- 
ess in lithography by which a writing or 
drawing is transferred from paper to stone. 

AUTOHARP (a'to-harp), n. Musical instru- 
ment of the zither kind having a piano scale 
and cross-bar mutes. [AUTO- and HARP.] 



AUTOIST (a'to-ist), n. Automobilist. 

AUTOMANUAL (a'to-man-u-al), n. Device for 
triplicating telephonic action automatically by 
use of hands. 

AUTOMAT (a'to-mat), n. Coin slot-machine; 
restaurant where food is automatically served. 
[Gr. automatos, self-acting.] 

AUTOMATIC (a-to-mat'ik), AUTOMATICAL 
(a-to-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Self-regulating, self- 
operating, or self-adjusting, as certain ma- 
chines. 2. Carried on or performed by such 
a machine. 3. Psychol. Performed without 
volition; carried on unconsciously. 4. Per- 
taining to automatism or to an automaton. 

AUTOMATICALLY (a-to-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In 
an automatic manner. 

AUTOMATISM (a-tom'a-tizm), n. 1. Power of 
self-motion or self-adjustment. 2. Automatic 
action. 

AUTOMATON (a-tom'a-ton), n . [pi. AUTOMA- 
TONS or AUTOMATA.] 1. Specifically, fig- 
ure resembling a human being or animal so 
constructed that it will automatically imitate 
the actions of living beings. 2. Any self- 
acting or automatic machine. [Gr. automatos, 
self -moving; from autos, self, and mad, strive 
after.] 

AUTOMATOUS (a-tom'a-tus), a. Automatic. 

AUTOMOBILE (a-to-mo'bil), a. Self-moving; 
self-propelling, as automobile carriage, auto- 
mobile torpedo, etc. [AUTO-, and L. mobilis, 
movable; from moveo, move.] 

AUTOMOBILE (a-to- 
mo'bil, a'to-mo-bil, 
or a-to-mo-bel'), n. 
Self-propelling vehi- 
cle adapted for use 
on ordinary roads 
unprovided with 
rails; autocar; autobus; autotruck; auto van; 
motor car. 

AUTOMOBILISM (a-to-mo'bil-izm), n. Act or 
practice of using an automobile. 

AUTOMOBILIST (a-to-mo'bil-ist), n. One who 
practices automobilism. 

AUTOMORPHIC (a-to-mar'fik), a . Formed 
after the pattern of one's self. [AUTO-, and 
Gr. morphe, form.] 

AUTOMORS (a'to-marz), n. Lately discovered 
disinfectant, composed of creosol and sulphuric 
acid. [AUTO-, and L. mors, death.] 

AUTOMOTOR (a'to-mo-tur), n. Self-propelling 
machine or vehicle. 

AUTONOMIC (a-to-nom'ik), a. Autonomous. 

AUTONOMIST (a-ton'o-mist), n. One who fav- 
ors autonomy. 

AUTONOMOUS (a-ton'o-mus), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing or relating to autonomy. 2. Biol. Existing 
independently of any other organism. [Gr. 
autonomos; from autos, self, and nemo, dis- 
tribute.] 

AUTONOMY (a-ton'o-mi), n. [pi. AUTON- 
OMIES.] 1. Power, right, or state of self- 




Automobile. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



AUTONYM 



86 



AVE 



government; independence. 2. State of being, 
within certain limits, a law to one's self. 3. 
Biol. State of an organ or part existing inde- 
pendently of any other organ or part. [Gr. 
autonomia; from autonomos, autonomous.] 

AUTONYM (a'to-nim), n. True name instead 
of pseudonym. [Fr. autonyme, autographic 
name. 

AUTOPHONE (a'to-fon), n. Self-playing barrel 
organ. [AUTO-, and Gr. phonos, sound.] 

AUTOPLASTY (ato-plas-ti), n. Surg. Process 
of replacing a diseased or affected part with 
healthy tissue from another part of the same 
body; skin-grafting. [AUTO- and -PLASTY.] 

AUTOPLATE (a'to-plat), n. Automatic curved 
stereotype casting machine. 

AUTOPNEUMATIC (a-to-nu-mat'ik), a. Pro- 
pelled automatically by compressed air. 

AUTOPSY (a'top-si), n. 1. Ocular demonstra- 
tion. 2. Med. Post-mortem examination. 
[Gr. autopsia; from autos, self, and optos, 
seen.] 

AUTOPTIG (a-top'tik), a. Self-observing. 

[Fr. autoptique.] 

AUTOSCOPE (a'to-skop), n. Med. Instrument 
enabling self-examination of one's own or- 
ganism. 

AUTOSUGGESTION (a-to-sug-jes'chun), n. Self- 
hypnotism. 

AUTOTOXIC (a-to-toks'ik), a. Self-poisoning. 
[AUTO- and -TOXIC] 

AUTOTOXICATION (a-to-toks-i-ka'shun), n. 
Poisoning of the body by toxic matter gener- 
ated therein. 

AUTOTRUCK (a'to-truk), n. Self-propelling 
heavy drayage truck; motor truck. [AUTO- 
and TRUCK.] 

AUTOTYPE (a'to-tip), n. 1. Method of photo- 
typing, by which pictures are produced in 
monochrome in a carbon pigment. 2. Print 
so produced. 3. A facsimile. [AUTO- and 
TYPE.] 

AUTOTYPIC (a-to-tip'ik), a. Pertaining or 
relating to an autotype or the autotype proc- 
ess. 

AUTOTYPOGRAPHY (a-to-ti-pog'ra-fl), n. 
Printing gelatine pictures that have been 
transferred to soft metal plates. 

AUTOTYPY (a-tot'i-pi), n. Autotype process. 

AUTOVAN (a'to-van), n. Van propelled by a 
motor; motor van. 

AUTUMN (a'tum), n. 1. Season of the year 
which follows summer and precedes winter, 
commonly called fall; astronomically, from 
September 23 to December 22. 2. Time of 
ripeness; the decline of life. [L. autumnus.] 

AUTUMNAL (a-tum'nal), a. Of or pertaining 
to autumn. 

AUXESIS (aks-e'sis), n. Verbal amplification. 
[Gr. auxesis, increase.] 

AUXETOPHONE (aks-et'6-fon), n. Device for 
reinforcing the sounds of graphophones. [Gr. 
auxo, increase, and phone, sound.] 



AUXILIARLY (agz-il'i-ar-li), adv. In a help- 
ing manner. 

AUXILIARY (agz-il'i-a-ri), I. a. Rendering 
assistance; helping; aiding; subsidiary. II. 
n. [pi. AUXILIARIES.] 1. One who or that 
which assists. 2. Gram. Verb that helps to 
form moods and other verbs. 3. [pi.] For- 
eign allied troops. [L. auxilium, help; from 
augeo, increase.] 

AVAIL (a- val'), v. [pr.p. AVAIL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. AVAILED (a-vald).] I. vt. 1. Profit; 
serve the purpose of. 2. Promote; favor; as- 
sist. II. vi. Be of advantage or effectiveness; 
suffice. [O. Fr. a, from L. ad, to, and Fr. 
valoir, be worth; from L. valeo, be of value.] 

AVAIL (a-vaT), n. 1. Worth; value; profit; 
advantage; use; benefit; good. 2. [pi.] Pro- 
ceeds; means; property. 

AVAILABILITY (a-val-a-bil'i-ti), n. The qual- 
ity of being available; availableness. 

AVAILABLE (a-val'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
being used for a specific or particular pur- 
pose. 2. At one's disposal. 

AVAILABLENESS (a-val'a-bl-nes), n . Quality 
of being available; specifically, capability of 
effecting the purpose for which intended. 

AVAILABLY (a-val'a-bli), adv. In an available 
manner. 

AVALANCHE (av'a-lanch), n. Mass of snow 
sliding down from a mountain; or anything 
likened thereto. [Fr.; from L. ad, to, and 
vallis, valley.] 

AVALENT (av'a-lent), a. Zero value. [Fr. 
valoir, worth.] 

AV ANT-COURIER (a-vant-ko'ri-er), n. One 
who is sent on ahead to announce approach. 
[Fr. avant-coureur, forerunner.] 

AVANT-GUARD (a-vant'gard), n. Advance 
guard; vanguard. [Fr. avant-garde.] 

AVARICE (av'a-ris), n. Eager desire for wealth; 
cupidity; covetousness. [L. avaritia, from 
avarus, eagerly desirous of; from aveo, crave.] 

AVARICIOUS (av-a-rish'us), a. Extremely 
covetous; greedy of gain. 

SYN. Greedy; covetous; close; miserly; 
niggardly; penurious; stingy; rapacious; 
sordid. ANT. Liberal; unselfish; lavish; 
prodigal; extravagant; generous. 

AVARICIOUSLY (av-a-rishus-li), adv. In an 
avaricious manner. 

AVARICIOUSNESS (av-a-rish'us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being avaricious. 

AVAST (a-vasf), inter j. Naut. Cease; stop; 
stay; hold fast. [Dut. houd vast, hold fast.] 

AVATAR (av-a-tar'), n. 1. In Hindu mythology, 
the descent of a deity to the earth in a visible 
form. 2. Supreme glorification of any prin- 
ciple. [Sans, ava, down, tar, pass over.] 

AVAUNT (a-vanf), inter j. Begone! depart! [Fr. 
avant, forward.] 

Ave (a'va), interj. and n. Be well or happy; 
hail, a salutation to the Virgin Mary, consti- 
tuting a part of Roman Catholic worship. — 



-fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



AVENA 



87 



AVIFAUNA 



Ave Maria (a'va ma-re'a), prayer to the Virgin 
Mary, so called from the opening words. 

AvENA (a-ve'na), n. Genus of plants belonging 
to the order of grasses. The cultivated oat, 
Arena sativa, belongs to this genus. [L. 
arena, oat.] 

AVENACEOUS (av-e-na'shus), a. Pertaining 
to the botanical genus Arena, or to the wild 
or cultivated oats. 

AVENGE (a-venj'), r. [pr.p. AVEN'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. AVENGED (a-venjd').] I. rt. Take 
satisfaction or inflict punishment upon for an 
injury. II. ri. Execute vengeance. [Fr. 
venger; from L. vindico, avenge.] 

SYN. Punish; retaliate; vindicate; re- 
venge. ANT. Forgive; pardon; condone; 
forego; waive. 

AVENGER (a-ven'jer), w. One who avenges. 

AVENGINGLY (a-ven'jing-li), adr. In an 
avenging manner. 

AVENTAIL, AVENTAILE (av'en-tal), n. Flap 
or movable part of a helmet in front, for ad- 
mitting air to the wearer. [O. Fr. esventail, 
air-hole — L. ex, out, and ventus, wind.] 

AVENUE (av'e-nu), n. 1. Road or opening of 
any kind leading to a house, city, etc. 2. 
Lane or walk bordered by rows of trees, 
whether leading to a house or not. 3. Broad 
street. 4. Mode of access; opening, entrance, 
passage, or way by which anything may be 
introduced. [Fr.; from L. ad, to, and venio, 
come.] 

AVER (a-ver'), rt. [pr.p. AVER'RING; p.t. and 
p.p. AVERRED (a-verd').] Declare to be 
true; affirm or declare positively. [Yr.averer; 
from L. ad, to, and rerus, true.] 

AVERAGE (av'er-aj), n. 1. Mean value or 
quantity of a number of values or quantities. 
2. Any general estimate or medial statement, 
formed from a comparison of diverse specific 
cases; general run. 3. Comm. Medium 
quality; fair sample; specimen showing a 
mean value or proportion; ordinary. [Fr. 
ararie, damage.] 

AVERAGE (av'er-aj), a. 1. Ascertained by 
taking a medium or mean proportion between 
given quantities; containing a mean propor- 
tion; medial. 2. Ordinary; medium. 

AVERAGE (av'er-aj), r. [pr.p. AVERAGING; 
p.t. and p.p. AVERAGED (av'er-ajd).] I. rt. 
1. Find the mean of, as unequal sums or 
quantities. 2. Reduce to a mean. 3. Divide 
according to an average. 3. Do, take, etc., 
on an average. . II. vim Be or amount to 
an average quantity. 

AVERAGE-ADJUSTER (av'er-aj-ad-just-er), n. 
One who regulates losses for insurance. 

AVERAGELY (av'er-aj-li), adr. According to 
an average. 

AVERMENT (a-ver'ment), n. 1. Act of affirm- 
ing or averring. 2. That which is averred; 
an affirmation; positive assertion. 

AVERRUNCATOR (av-e-rung'ka-tur), n. Dou- 



ble-bladed pruning knife. [L. averrunco, 
avert.] 

AVERSE (a-vers'), a. Feeling a repugnance 
or dislike; unwilling; disinclined. [L. aversus, 
turned away.] 

AVERSELY (a-vers'li), adr. In an averse manner. 

AVERSENESS (a-vers'nes), n. Quality of being 
averse. 

AVERSION (a-ver'shun), n. 1. Dislike; hatred. 
2. Object of dislike. 

SYN. Distaste; disinclination; reluc- 
tance; unwillingness; backwardness; dis- 
gust; repugnance; antipathy; abhorrence; 
detestation. ANT. Liking; congeniality; 
desire; love; affection. 

AVERT (a-vert), rt. [pr.p. AVERT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. AVERT'ED.] 1. Turn from or aside. 
2. Prevent, or ward off. [L. arerto — ah, from, 
and rerto, turn.] 

AVERTER (a-vert'er), n. One who or that 
which averts. 

AVERTIBLE (a-vert'i-bl), a. That may be 
averted. 

AvES (a'vez), n.pl. Zool. The birds, the sec- 
ond class of the sub-kingdom Vcrtebrata, 
standing below the Mammalia, and above the 
Reptilia. [L. pi. of avis, bird.] 

AvESTA (a-ves'ta), n. Collection of sacred 
writings of the Magians, composed by Zoro- 
aster; also called Zend-Avesta. [O. Pers., text.] 

AVESTAN (a-ves'tan), I. a. Of, or pertaining to, 
the Avesta. II. n. Language of the Avesta; 
Zend. 

AVIAN (a'vi-an), a. Pertaining to the zoolog- 
ical class Aves, or to a bird. 

AVIARY (a'vi-a-ri), n. Place for keeping birds. 
[L. avis, bird.] 

AVIATE (a'vi-at), v. [pr.p. A'VIATING; p.t. 
and p.p. A'VIATED.] I. vt. Manage or direct 
the movements of, said of an aeroplane or 
flying machine. II. vi. Direct an airship or 
flying machine; perform the duties of an 
aviator. [See AVIATOR.] 

AVIATICS (a-vi-at'iks), n. Science of aerial 
navigation by means heavier than air. 

AVIATION (a-vi-a'shun), n. Act, art, or prac- 
tice of aviating. 

AVIATOR (a'vi-a-tur), n* [fern. AVIA'TRIX.] 
One who manages or directs an aeroplane or 
flying machine. [L. avis, bird, and -ATOR.] 

AVIATORY (a'vi-a-to-ri), a. Pertaining to an 
aviator, or to the management or steering of 
an aeroplane or flying machine. 

AVICULTURE (a'vi-kul-tur), n. Breeding and 
rearing of birds. [L. avis, bird, and CULTURE.] 

AVID (av'id), a. Covetous; greedy. [L. avidus, 
eager; aveo, crave.] 

AVIDITY (a-vid'i-ti), n. Eager appetite; greedi- 
ness. 

AVIFAUNA (a'vi-fa-na), n. The whole of the 
birds of any region or country; the fauna so 
far as birds are concerned. [L. avis, bird, and 
FAUNA.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



AVION 



88 



AWAY 



AVION (a'vi-on), n. Aeroplane supported, pro- 
pelled, and steered entirely by screw propellers 
driven by turbines. [L. avis, bird.] 




Avion. 

AVOCADO (av-o-ka'do), n. West Indian fruit, 
called also avocado-pear and alligator-pear. 
The tree belongs to the order of laurels, and 
the species Persea gratissima. 

AVOCATION (av-o-ka'shun), n. 1. Diversion; 
calling away. 2. Vocation; business. [L. 
avocatio, a calling off; a (ab), from, away, and 
voco, call.] 

SYN. Employment; vocation; business; 
calling; pursuit; profession; occupation; 
trade; line. ANT. Recreation; leisure. 

AVOCET, AVOSET (av'o-set), n. Bird of the 
genus Mecurvirostra, with webbed feet, long 
legs, bare thighs, a long, slender, upward- 
curved, elastic bill, and the general snipe-like 
habit. [Fr. avocette — It. avosetta.] 

AVOID (a-void), vt. [pr.p. AVOIDING; p.t. and 
p.p. AVOID'ED.] 1. Keep away from; abstain 
from; shun; escape. 2. Render void or of no 
effect. 3. Law. Defeat; evade. 

SYN. Shun; eschew; elude; evade; avert; 
ANT. Seek; court; approach; affect; follow. 

AVOIDABLE (a-void'a-bl), a. That may be 
avoided. 

AVOIDANCE (a-void'ans), n. Act of avoiding, 
or state of being avoided. 

AVOIDER (a-void'er), n. One who avoids. 

AVOIRDUPOIS (av-er-do-poiz'), n. System of 
weights in which the pound equals 16 ounces. 
[O. Fr. aver de peis, goods of weight.] 

AVOUCH (a-vowch'), vt. [pr.p. AVOUCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. AVOUCHED (a-vowcht').] 1. As- 
sent to or support the petition or understood 
wishes of (any person). 2. Support as a cause 
believed to be just; justify; vindicate. 3. As- 
sert positively; affirm; aver; maintain; avow. 
[O. Fr. vocher; from L. voco, call.] 

AVOW (a-vow'), vt. {pr.p. AVOWING; p.t. and 
p.p. AVOWED (a-vowd').] 1. Declare openly; 
own; confess. 2. Law. Acknowledge and 
Justify as an act of distraint. [Fr. avouer; 
from L. ad, to, and voveo, vow.] 

AVOWABLE (a-vow'a-bl), a. That may be 
avowed. 

AVOWABLY (a-vow'a-bli), adv. In a way that 
can be avowed. 

AVOWAL (a-vow'al), n. Open declaration of 



sentiments entertained or of deeds done; ac- 
knowledgment. 

AVOWED (a-vowd'), a. Openly acknowledged. 

AVOWEDLY (a-vow'ed-li), adv. Openly; con- 
fessedly; admittedly. 

AVOWER (a-vow'er), n. One who avows. 

AVULSION (a-vul'shun), n. 1. Act of tearing 
away or violently separating. 2. Law. 
Wrenching of land from one man's property 
and transferring it to another's caused by river 
floods, etc. [Fr.] 

AVUNCULAR (a-vung'ku-lar), a. Of or per- 
taining to an uncle. [L. avunculus.] 

AWAIT (a-wat), vt. [pr.p. AWAITING; p.t. 
and p.p. AWAITED.] 1. Wait or look for. 
2. Be in store for. [See WAIT.] 

AWAKE (a-wak'), v. [pr.p. AWAK'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. AWOKE (a-wok) or AWAKED (a- 
wakt').] I. vt. Rouse from sleep; put into 
action or new life; arouse; wake up. II. vi. 
Bestir oneself; rise; waken out of sleep or a 
state resembling it. [A. S. dwacan, awake.] 

AWAKE (a-wak'), a. Not sleeping; in a state of 
vigilance or action. 

AWAKEN (a-wa'ken), v. [pr.p. AWA'KENING; 
p.t. and p.p. AWA'KENED (a-wa'kend).] I. 
vt. Rouse from sleep. 2. Rouse from a state 
of physical mental, moral, or spiritual leth- 
argy. 3. Raise from the sleep of death. 4. 
Put (anything previously dormant or quiescent) 
into action. II. vi. Return to consciousness, 
or to activity after having been dormant or 
quiescent. 

AWAKENER (a-wa'ken-er), n. One who or 
that which awakens. 

AWAKENING (a-wa'ken-ing), I. a. Having 
a tendency to awake; stirring; exciting. II. n. 
Act of awaking; religious revival. 

AWARD (a-ward'), v. [pr.p. AWARDING; p.t. 
and p.p. AWARD'ED.] I. vt. Adjudge; as- 
sign; decree; apportion. II. vi. Make an 
award; determine. [O. Fr.] 

AWARD (a-ward'), n. 1. Judgment; decision of 
an arbitrator, or of a committee on premiums 
or prizes. 2. Document containing such a 
decision. 3. 3Iatter, prize, or premium 
awarded. 

AWARDER (a-ward'er), n. One who awards 
or assists in making an award. 

AWARE (a-war), a. Apprised; cognizant; 
knowing; sensible. [A. S. gewaer. See WARE.] 

AWASH (a-wosh'), a. and adv. Naut. On a 
level with the water. 

AWAY (a-wa'), I. adv. 1. At a distance; absent; 
departed; removed. 2. Off; from one state into 
another. 3. Apart; aside. 4. On; as in the 
expression fire away. (Colloq.) II. inter j. 
Begone. — Away with him, take him away. 
— Fire away, fire at once, without hesitation. 
— Make away with, to destroy; get rid of. — 
Explain away, explain till the thing that needs 
explanation is itself removed. — Work away, 
keep on working. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AWE 



89 



AXLE 



AWE (a), n. Dread inspired by something sub- 
lime; reverential fear or veneration; appalling 
fear or dread. [A. S. ege; from Ice. agi, fear.] 

AWE (a), vt. [pr.p. AW'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
AWED (ad).] Influence by fear, terror, or 
respect; strike with fear and reverence. 

AWEARY (a-we'ri), a. Tired; weary. 

AWEATHER (a-wetfo'er), adv. Naut. To the 
weather side, as opposed to the lee side. 

AWEIGH (a-wa/), adv. NauU Raised; said of 
an anchor when it is drawn directly up. 

AWELESS (a'les), a. 1. Not inspired with awe. 
2. Not inspiring awe; not calculated to inspire 
with awe. 

AWESOME (a/sum), a. Inspiring with awe; 
appalling. 

AWFUL (a'fol), a. Inspiring or expressing awe; 
fearful. 

SYN. Appalling; dire; dreadful; fright- 
ful; terrible; shocking; fearful. ANT. De- 
lightful; pleasant; serene. 

AWFULLY (a'fol-i), adv. 1. In a manner to 
inspire with awe. 2, Extremely; very. 
(Colloq.) 

AWFULNESS (a'fol-nes), ». Quality of being 
awful. 

AWKWARD (ak'ward), a. 1. Wanting dexter- 
ity; bungling; ungraceful; inelegant. 2. Em- 
barrassing; perplexing; hard to manage. [O. 
E. awk, wrong, left, and -WARD.] 

SYN. Gawky; boorish; uncouth; clumsy; 
unhandy; inelegant; ungraceful. ANT. 



clever; 



dexterous; 



Handy 
graceful. 

AWKWARDLY (ak'ward-li), adv. 
ward manner. 

AWKWARDNESS (ak'ward-nes) t n 
being awkward. 

AWL (al), n. Pointed in- 
strument for punching 
small holes. [A. S. ail.] 

AWN (an), n. Bristle, such 
as the beard of barley, 
wheat, etc. [Ice. bgn.] 

AWNED (and), a. Bearded; 
having awns. 

AWNING (an'ing), n. Shel- 
ter from the sun's rays. 
[Fr. auvent.] 

AW r NLESS (an'les), a. With- 
out awns; beardless. 

AWOKE (a-wok'). Pasttense 
Of AWAKE. 

AWRY (a-ri')» a. and adv. 
Twisted toward one side 
or position; crooked; per- 
verse. [See WRY.] 

AX, AXE (aks), n. Edged 
tool for chopping wood or 
hewing timber. [A. S. &x.] 

AXIAL (aks'i-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to an axis. 2. Be- 
longing to the trunk of 



adroit; 



In an awk- 




Axes. 
the body. 



3. 



1. Anat. 
Growing 



Central, especially used of the formation or 
mass forming the crest of a mountain range. 

AXIL (aks'il), n. Bot. Angle between the 
stem or branch and the upper side of a leaf 
growing on it. [L. axilla, little armpit.] 

AXILE (aks'il), a. Pertaining to, or situated in ? 
the axis; axial. [L. axis, axis.] 

AXILLA (aks-il'a), n. [pi. AXIL'L^E.] 1. Anat, 
Armpit. 2. Bot. Axil. 

AXILLAR (aks'il-ar), a. Axillary. 

AXILLARY (aksil-ar-i), a. and n. 
Pertaining to the axilla. 2. Bot. 
from the axil of plants; axillar. 

AXIOM (aks'i-um), n. 1. Self-evident truth, 
taken as a basis for a logical deduction, as 
the twelve axioms or "common notions" of 
Euclid. 2. Empirical law; generalization 
from the observation of individual instances. 
[Gr. axioma, from axios, worthy.] 

SYN. Aphorism; apothegm; adage; by- 
word; dictum; truism; precept; maxim. ANT. 
Absurdity; falsity; sophism; incongruity. 

AXINOMANCY (aks'i-no-man-si), n. Mode of 
divination from the motions of an ax poised 
upon a stake, or of an agate placed upon a red- 
hot ax, much practiced by the ancient Greeks. 
[Gr. axine, ax, and manteia, divination.] 

AXIOMATIC (aks-i-o-mat'ik), AXIOMATICAL 
(aks-i-o-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
an axiom. 2. Of the nature of an axiom; self- 
evident. 

AXIS (aks'is), n. [pZ.AXES (aks'ez).] 1. Line, 
real or imaginary, passing through a body, 
and around which that body revolves, or 
may be supposed to revolve. 2. Bot. Central 
part or column of a plant, around which the 
other parts are disposed. 3. Anat. Second 
vertebra of the neck, with an upward process 
on which the atlas turns. 4. Optics. Par- 
ticular ray of light from any object falling 
perpendicularly on the eye, called also the 
optic or visual axis. 5. Geom. Imaginary 
line drawn through a plane figure, and about 
which the plane figure is supposed to revolve, 
with the result of defining the limits of a solid. 
. — Axis of incidence, the line passing through 
the point of incidence perpendicularly to the 
refracting surface. — Axis of the equator, the 
polar diameter of the earth, which is also the 
axis of rotation. — Axis of refraction, the con- 
tinuation of the same line through the refract- 
ing medium. — Axis >i "/'/■"—* 
of a telescope, a right 
line which passes — y 
through the centers 
of all glasses in the ~>. 
tube. [L. axis, axis.] 

AXIS (aks'is), n. Zo-d. 
Spotted-deer of In- 
dia. [L.] 

AXLE (aks'l), n. Shaft 




or spindle on 
S. eaxl.] 



Axis (Axis maculata). 
which a wheel revolves. [A, 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



AALETKEE 



90 



AZYME 



i 



AXLETREE (aks'1-tre), tu Piece of timber, or 
bar of iron, on which the wheels of a carriage 
revolve. 
AXMAX, AXEMAN (aks'man), n. Woodman. 
AxMINSTER (aks'min-ster), n. Carpet having 
a thick, soft pile, and woven all in one piece, 
manufactured at Axminster, England. 
AXOID (aks'oid), I. o. Of .or pertaining to the 
axis. II. n. Curve generated by the revolu- 
tion of a point round an advancing axis. 
AXOLOTL (aks'o-lotl), n. Curious amphibian 
of Mexico, resembling a newt, from 8 to 10 
inches in length, with gills formed of three 
long, ramified or branch-like processes float- 
ing on each side of the neck. It is esteemed 
a luxury by the Mexicans. [Mex.] 
AXOMETER (aks-om'e-ter), n. Opt. Instru- 
ment for adjusting the lenses of eye-glasses 
and spectacles. [AXIS and -METER.] 
AXOSPERMOUS (aks-o-sper'mus), a. Bo*. De- 
scriptive of compound fruits having an axile 
placentation, the attachment of the seeds be- 
ing toward the axis. [L. axis, axis, and Gr. 
spcrma, seed.] 
AY, AYE (a), adv. Ever; always. 
AYAH (a'ya), n. Lady's maid or nurse who be- 
longs to one of the native races of India. [An- 
glo-Ind. — Pg. aya, governess.] 
AYE (i), I. adv. Yea; yes; indeed. II. n. Af- 
firmative vote. [Form of YEA.] 
AYE-AYE (i'i), n. Peculiar quadruped of Mada- 
gascar, about the size of a hare, closely allied 
to the lemurs, and having much of the aspect 
of a squirrel. [Malagasy, aiay.~\ 
AYRIE, AYRY (a'i-ri), n. See AERIE. 
AYRSHIRE (ar'sher), n. One of a breed of 
cattle from Ayrshire, Scotland. It is parti- 
colored, red and white, and is excellent for the 
dairy. 
AyRSTONE (ar'ston), n. Polishing hone. 
AZALEA (az-a'le-a), n. 1. Genus of flowering 
plants of North 
America and Asia, 
including Azalea 
nudi flora and the 
swamp honey- 
suckle. This ge- 
nus is allied to the 
rhododendron, but 
the azalea has de- 
ciduous leaves 
and funnel-like 
corolla. 2. [a-J 
Any flowering 
plant of this ge- 
nus. [Gr. azaleos, 
dry.] 
AZARIN (az'a-rin), n. Coal-tar color used in 

dyeing cotton a brilliant red or scarlet. 
AZAROLE (az'a-rol), n. Southern European 
shrub (Crataegus Azarolus) of the thorn family 
with pleasant fruit; also the fruit. 




Azalea. 



AZI3IUTH (az'i-muth), n. Arc of the horizon, 
intercepted between the meridian of any place 
and the vertical circle passing through the 
center of a heavenly body. [Ar. al, the, and 
sumut, paths.] 

AZO (az'o), a. Containing nitrogen, as azo 
compounds. It is applied (in combination as 
a prefix) to compounds containing nitrogen, as 
asobenzoic, pertaining to or containing nitro- 
gen and benzoin. [From AZOTE.] 

AZOIC (a-zo'ik), a. Geol. Destitute of organic 
life, or of fossil remains of organic life; before 
the existence of animal life; formed when 
there was no animal life on the globe, as the 
azoic rocks. [Gr. a priv. and zoe, life.] 

AZORES (a-zdrz'), n. pi. Islands, 800 m. W. 
of, and belonging to, Portugal. Area 1,000 
sq. m. 

AZOTE (az'ot), n. Nitrogen, so called because it 
does not sustain animal life. [Gr. a priv. and 
zao, live.] 

AZOTEMIA (az-o-te'mi-a), n. Horse-disease. 

AZONIC (a-zon'ik), a. Not limited to a zone; 
not local. [Gr. a priv. and zone, belt, region.] 

AZOTH (az'oth), n. Alchemists' name for mer- 
cury. [Ar. az = al, and zdug, quicksilver.] 

AZOV, AZOF (a'zof), n. Sea of South Russia, 
communicating with the Black Sea by the 
Strait of Yenikale. 2. Town in Don Cos- 
sacks province, Russia, on the Don near its 
mouth. 

AZRAEL (az'ra-el), n. Arab. Myth. In Mo- 
hammedan religion, the angel of death, who 
separates man's soul from the body, and is 
himself the last to die on the day of judgment. 

AZTEC (az'tek), I. a. Of or 
pertaining to the dominant 
tribe in Mexico at the time 
of the arrival of the Span- 
iards (1519). II. n. 1. 
Member of the Aztec 
tribe. 2. Aztec language. 

AZULEJO (a-tho-la'ho), n. 
Spanish earthenware tile 
painted and enameled in 
rich colors, with metallic 
luster. [Sp.] 

AZULIN(az'u-lin), «. Coal- 
tar color, prepared by 
heating coralline and 
aniline together. 




Montezuma, Aztee 

Emperor of Mexico. 

Born about 1473 ; 

died 1520. 

[Sp. azul, blue.] 



AZURE (azh'yor or a'zhor), I. a. 1. Of a deep 
blue; sky-colored. 2. Cloudless; spotless. II. 
n. 1. Clear blue; sky-color. 2. The clear 
sky. [Fr. dzur, blue.] 

AZURITE (azh'u-rit), n. Min. 1. Blue carbon- 
ate of copper. 2. Lazulite. 

AZYGOUS (az'i-gus), a. 1. Not joined or yoked 
with another. 2. Anat. Not one of a pair, 
as a muscle. [Gr. azygos — a priv., and 
zygon, yoke.] 

AZYME (az'im), n. Unleavened bread. [Gr. 
azytnos; from a priv. and zyme, yeast.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



91 



BACCHANTE 




b(be),w. [pi. B'S (bez).] Second 
letter of the English alphabet. 
It belongs to the order of con- 
sonants known as labials, the 
lips being the principal or- 
gans employed in producing 
its sound, and is a voiced or 
sonant mute, the voice not 
being so entirely shut off in 
pronouncing it as when one of the voiceless 
mutes or surds, p or /, is uttered. When pre- 
ceded by m in the same syllable, b is generally 
silent; as, lamb, limb, comb, dumb, etc. It 
Is silent also before t in the same syllable; as, 
debt, doubt, etc. 
BAA (ba), n. The cry or bleat of a sheep. [Im- 
itative.] 
BAA (ba), vi. [pr.p. BAA'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAAED (bad).] Emit the sound which a sheep 
does in bleating; bleat. 
BAAL (ba'al), n. [pi. Ba'ALIM.] I. Sun-god, 
chief male divinity among the Phenicians, as 
Astoreth, the moon-goddess, was the leading 
female one. 2. Generic term for false god. 
[Heb. Baal, lord.] 
BAB A (ba'ba), n. Hindustani term for master. 

[Hind, baba, lord or master.] 
BAB A (ba'-ba), n. Fruit paste cake. [Fr.] 
BABA (ba/ba), n. Arabian patriarch [Ar.] 

Babbitt-metal (babit-met-ai),n. soft alloy 

of copper, tin, and zinc, used in bearings to 
lessen friction. [Isaac Babbitt, its inventor.] 

BABBLE (bab'l), v. [pr.p. BABBLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BAB 'BLED (bab'ld).] I. vt. Utter like 
a baby; prate. II. vi. Utter inarticulate 
sounds incessantly, as a brook. 2. Talk idly. 
3. Gossip. [Imitative.] 

BABBLE (bab'l), n. 1. Rippling sound of run- 
ning water. 2. Idle talk; prattle; gossip. 

BABBLER (bab'ler), n. One who babbles. 
SYN. Blabber; chatterbox; talker; 
ranter; sermonizer. 

BABE(bab),w. 1. Baby; infant. 2. Doll. [O.Sw.] 

BABCOCK-TEST (bab'kok-test), n. American 
test for ascertaining percentage of butter in 
milk. 

BABEL (ba'bel), n. Scene of confusion; confused 
combination of sounds, especially voices; 
tumult. [Tower of Babel where occurred the 
"confusion of tongues." Genesis xi. 1-9.] 

BABILLARD (bab'i-lard), n. 1. Noisy loqua- 
cious fellow. 2. Ornith. White-throat (Syl- 
via curruca); also known as the chatterer. 

BABIROUSSA, BABY- 
ROUSSA (bab-1-ro'sa), 
n. Species of hog {Babi- 
russa alfurus), found in< 
the Indian Archipelago. 
[Malay, bdbi, hog, and 
rusa, deer.] 

BABOO, BABU (ba'bo), 
n. Form of address, 



[Fr.] 




Babiroussa. 



equivalent to sir or Mr., usually given to a 

Hindu gentleman. [Hind, bdbu.] 
BABOON (bab-on'), n. Large old world monkey, 

having a long 
. face, dog-like 

tusks, large lips, 

and a short tail. 

The South African 

baboon, or chac- 

ma, as it is called 

by the natives, is 

exceedingly fero- 
cious. [Fr. bab- 

ouin.] 
BABY (ba'bi), I. n, 

[pi. BA'BIES.] 1. 

Little child; infant. 

2. Person like a 

baby. 3. Tiny 




So. African Baboon (Cynoce- 
phalis porcarius) . 




Baby 
jumper. 



reflection of himself (or 
herself) seen by one person in the pupil of 
another's eye. II. a. 1. Pertaining to an 
infant or infants. 2. Newly born or formed. 
[Dim. of BABE.] 

BABYHOOD (ba'bi-hod), n. 1. State of infancy. 
2. Babies collectively. 

BABYISH (ba'bi-ish), a. Like a baby; infantile. 

BABY- JUMPER (ba'bi-jump-er), w. 
Contrivance intended to assist 
children in learning to walk, com- 
monly constructed so as to bear 
the weight of the child, by means 
of straps which are fastened round 
its body and attached to some- 
thing above its head. 

BACCALAUREATE (bak-a-la're-at), 

1. a. Of or pertaining to the de- 
gree of bachelor of arts. II. w. 1. 
Degree of bachelor of arts. 2. 
Farewell sermon to graduating 
class. [L. L. baccalaureus.~\ 

BABYLON (bab'i-lon), n. Ancient city of Meso- 
potamia, Asiatic Turkey, now in ruins. 

BACCARAT, BACCARA (bak-a-ra'), n. Game 
of cards, in which each court card counts ten. 
[Fr.] 

BACCATE (bak'at), a. BoU Having a pulpy 
nature like a berry. [L. baccatus, from bacca, 
berry.] 

BACCHANAL (bak'a-nal), BACCHANALIAN 
(bak-a-na'li-an), I. n. 1. Devotee of Bacchus. 

2. One who indulges in drunken revels. 3. 
Orgy. 4. [pi.] Bacchanalia. II. o. Riotous; 
noisy. 

BACCHANALIA (bak-a-na'li-a), n.pl. 1. Bom, 
Antiq. Feasts and revels in honor of Bacchus. 
2. [b-] Drunken carousals; orgies. 

BACCHANALIAN (bak-a-na'li-an), a. Of, like, 
or pertaining to bacchanalia. 

BACCHANT (bak'ant), I. n. 1. Priest of Bac- 
chus. 2. Bacchanal; drunken reveler. II. 
a. Bacchanalian. 

BACCHANTE (bak'ant), n. Priestess or female 
devotee of Bacchus. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BACCHIC 



92 



BACKSTREAM 



► 



BACCHIC (bak'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
Bacchus or to bacchanalia. 

BACCHUS (bak'us), n. Greek and Bom. Myth- 
God of wine, and a son of Jupiter; said to have 
married Ariadne, after she was deserted by 
Theseus; one of their children was Hymen, 
the god of marriage. 

BACCIFEROUS (bak-sif'er-us), a. Bearing 
berries. [L. bacca, berry, and fero, bear.] 

SACCIFORM (bak'si-farm), a. Berry-shaped. 

BACCIVOROUS (bak-siv'ur-us), a. Feeding on 
berries. [L. bacca, berry, and voro, devour.] 

BACHELOR (bach'e-lur), n. 1. Unmarried man. 
2. One who has taken the lowest university 
degree. 3. Anciently, a knight in the first or 
lowest stage of knighthood. — Bachelor girl, 
unmarried young woman. — Bachelor's but- 
tons, species of ranunculus. 

BACHELORHOOD (bach'e-lur-hod), n. Bach- 
elorship. 

BACHELORSHIP (bach'e-lur-ship), n. State 
of being a bachelor. 

BACILLAR (bas'i-lar), BACILLARY (bas'i-la- 
ri), a. 1. Pertaining to or caused by bacilli. 
2. Rod-shaped. 

BACILLI (ba-sil'i), n. Plural of BACILLUS. 

BACILLIFORM (ba-sil'i-farm), a. Rod-shaped. 

BACILLUS (ba-sil'us), n. Biol. Genus of bac- 
teria, including all the elongated forms except 
such as are spiral and have a giratory motion. 
[L. bacillum, dim. of baculum, stick.] 

BACILLUS (ba-sil'us), n. [pi. 
BACILLI (ba-sil'i).] Bacte- 
rium of the genus Bacillus. 

BACK (bak), I. n. 1. Hinder 
part of body in man, and upper 
part in quadrupeds. 2. Part 
opposed to front. II. a. 1. 
Pertaining to or supporting the 
back. 2. Behind; remote; in 
arrears. III. adv. 1. To a 
former place, state or condition. 2. Behind; 
to the rear. 3. In return; again. [A. S. fttec.J 

BACK (bak), v. [pr.p. BACK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BACKED (bakt).] I. vt. 1. Force or put back- 
ward; cause to recede. 2. Second or support; 
bet in favor of. 3. Mount or get upon the 
back of. 4. Furnish with a back. 5. Super- 
scribe. II. vi. Move, drive, or go backward. 

BACK (bak), n. 1. Large, flat-bottomed ferry 
boat. 2. Brewer's cooling vat or tub. [Sw. 
back, bowl.] 

BACKBITE (bak'bit), vU [pr.p. BACKBITING; 
p.t. BACKBIT; p.p. BACKBITTEN.] Speak 
evil of behind one's back or in one's absence. 

BACKBITER (bak'bi-ter), n. One who back- 
bites. 

BACKBOARD (bak'bord), n. Rear or tail board 
of a cart or wagon. 

BACKBONE (bak'bon), n. 1. Vertebral column. 
2. Firmness; resolution. 

BACKBREAKER (bak'brak-er), 
nary, heavy task. 




Cholera Bacilli 
(highly mag- 
nified). 



Extraordi- 



BACKCAP (bak'kap), vt. [pr.p. BACK'CAPPING; 
p.t. and p.p. BACKCAPPED (bak'kapt).] 
Speak slurringly of. 

BACK-DOOR (bak'dor), I. n. Rear entrance 
or exit. II. a. Underhand; clandestine. 

BACK-DOWN (bak'down), n. Ignominious 
retreat. 

BACKER (bak'er), n. Supporter in a contest or 
wager. 

BACKGA3IMON (bak-gam'un), n. Game played 
by two on a special board, the moves being 
determined by throwing dice. [BACK and 
GAME.] 

BACKGROUND (bak'grownd), n. 1. Space 
behind the principal figures. 2. Place where 
one is not conspicuous. 

BACKHAND (bak'hand), n. Writing leaning to 
the left. 

BACKHANDED (bak'hand-ed), a. With the 
hand turned backward; indirect; unfair. 

BACKING (baking), n. 1. Support; collective 
body of supporters. 2. Mounting. 3. Fur- 
nishing with a back. 4. Putting or going back. 

BACKLOG (bak'log), n. Large stick of wood 
against which a fire is made on a hearth. 

BACK-SAW (bak'sa), n. Reinforced tenon saw. 

BACKSET (bak'set), n. 1. Reverse; set-back. 
2. counter-current. 

BACK-SETTLER (bak'set-ler), n. Backwoods- 
man. 

BACKSHEESH, BACKSHISH (bak'shesh), n. 
Gift; tip. [Pers.] 

BACK-SHIFT (bak'shift), w. Second-watch 
shift in a mine. 

BACKSIDE (bak'sid), n. Hinder part; back 
portion of anything. 

BACKSLIDE (bakslid), vi. [pr.p. BACK'SLI- 
DING; p.t. BACKSLID; p.p. BACKSLIDDEN 
or BACK'SLID.] Fall or slide back in faith 
or morals; apostatize. 

BACKSLIDER (bak'sll-der), n. One who back- 
slides. 

SYN. Renegade; apostate; deserter. 
ANT. Stickler; zealot; fanatic. 

BACK-STAMP (bak'stamp), n. Place of de- 
livery stamp used by post-office. 

BACKSTAY (bak'sta), n. Naut. Rope to support 
a mast. 

BACK-STEP (bak'step), vi. [pr.p. BAK'STEP- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. BACK'STEPPED (bak'- 
stept).] 3Iarch towards rear facing front. 

BACK-STEP (bak'step), n. Step backward with- 
out changing direction of face. 

BACKSTITCH (bak'stich), vt. and vi. [pr.p. 
BACK'STITCHING; p.t. and p.p. BACK- 
STITCHED (bak'sticht).] Sew by stitching 
back over former stitches. 

BACKSTITCH (bak'stich), n. Stitch made by go- 
ing back over a former one. 

BACK-STOP (bak'stop), n. Safeguard fence 
behind catcher in baseball. 

BACKSTREAM (bak'strem), n. Side-current, as 
in a river, apparently flowing upstream. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BACK-STRETCH 



93 



BAG 



BACK-STRETCH (bak'strech), n. Course re- 
verse of home-stretch on race course. 

BACK-STRING (bakstring), n. String fastened 
to child's belt at back to prevent its falling. 

BACKSTROKE (bak'strok), n. 1. Stroke in re- 
turn. 2. Backhanded stroke. 

BACKWARD (bak'ward), BACKWARDS (bak- 
wardz), I. adv. 1. Towards the back; with 
the back foremost; on the back. 2. Towards 
past times, by way of reflection. 3. Reversely ; 
from the end to the beginning. 4. In a con- 
trary manner. 5. From a better to a worse 
state. II. a. 1. Behind in progress or time. 
2. Dilatory; unwilling. 3. Directed to the 
back. 

BACKWARDATION (bak-war-da'shun), n. 
Stock Exch. Consideration given to keep 
back the delivery of stock when the price is 
lower for time than for ready money. 

BACKWARDLY (bak'ward-li), adv. In a back- 
ward manner. 

BACKWARDNESS (bak'ward-nes), n . Quality 
of being backward. 

BACKWATER (bak'wa-ter), n. Water which 
sets back in a stream, owing to some obstruc- 
tion; water kept back at high tide to cleanse 
the channel; water thrown back by a water 
wheel. 

BACKWOODS (bak'wodz), n.pl. Wooded dis- 
tricts in thinly settled regions. 

BACKWOODSMAN (bak'wodz-man), n. [pi. 
BACKWOODSMEN.] Inhabitant of the back- 
woods; frontiersman. 

BACON (ba'kun), n. Back or sides of a hog, 
salted and smoked. [O. Fr.] 

BACTERIA (bak-te'ri-a), n. Plural of BAC- 
TERIUM. 

BACTERIAL (bak-te'ri-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, bacteria. 2. Caused by 
bacteria. 

BACTERICIDAL (bak-te'ri-si-dal), a. That 
kills bacteria. 

BACTERICIDE (bak-te'ri-sid), n. Agent capable 
of killing bacteria. [BACTERIA, and L. cardo, 
kill.] 

BACTERIOLOGY (bak-te-ri-ol'o-ji), n. Branch 
of biology that treats of bacteria. 

BACTERIUM A B 

(bak-te 'rl- 
um), n. [pi. 
B ACTE ' RIA. ] 
Unicellular 
microscopic 
organism that 
multiplies by 
the simple 
process of 
transverse division. It possesses both plant 
and animal characteristics; microbe. [Gr. 
baktSrion; from baktron, stick.] 

BACTEROID (bak'te-roid), a. Resembling or of 
the nature of bacteria. 

BAD (bad), a. [comp. WORSE (wiirs) ; superl. 




Bacteria. 
-Bacteria of typhoid fever. 
-Spheroidal Bacteria in pairs. 



WORST (wurst).] 1. Notably deficient in that 
which constitutes excellence in the thing 
specified. 2. Having injurious or disagreeable 
physical qualities; pernicious; hurtful. 3. 
Aggravated; distressing. 4. Unfavorable. 5. 
Incorrect. 6. Unsound. 7. Morally depraved; 
vicious; wicked; unjust. Opposed to GOOD. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

SYN. Harmful; injurious; unwholesome; 
decayed; baneful; deleterious; pernicious; 
noisome; noxious; evil; wicked; depraved; 
abandoned; dishonest; unfair; vile; mean; 
shabby; scurvy; unlucky; unfortunate; un- 
welcome. ANT. Serviceable; righteous; 
upright ; pious; virtuous; honorable; benev- 
olent; propitious; efficient; excellent; ad- 
mirable; kind; humane; gracious; skillful; 
valid; good. 

BAD (bad), n. 1. Collectively, those who are 
bad. 2. That which is bad. 3. Wicked, 
vicious, or corrupt state or condition. 

BADE (bad), v. Past tense of BID. 

BADEN (ba'den), n. 1. State in German Em- 
pire. 2. Town in that state (Baden-Baden). 

BADGE (baj), n. Distinctive decoration; charac- 
teristic mark or token. [L. bagia, mark.] 

BADGEMAN (baj'man), n. Common name for 
one authorized to wear a badge. 

BADGER (baj'er), n. 1. Small burrowing quad- 

' ruped with a thick body and short legs, noted 
for fighting fiercely when brought to bay. 2. 
Carpenter's plane used for wide rabbeting. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

BADGER (baj'er), vt. [pr.p. BADG'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. BADG'ERED (baj'erd).] Pester or 
worry; tease; bait. 

BADINAGE (bad'i-naj; Fr. ba-di-nazh'), n. 
Light playful raillery; banter. [Fr.] 

BADLY (bad'li), adv. In a bad manner; evilly; 
unskillfully; imperfectly; seriously; griev- 
ously; disastrously. 

BADNESS (bad'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being bad. 

BAFFLE (baf'1), vt. [pr.p. BAF'FLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BAFFLED (baf'ld).] Elude, defeat or 
check by artifice. [O. Fr. beffler, mock.] 

SYN. Repulse; defeat; rebuff; discomfit; 
overthrow. ANT. Succeed; gain; attain; 
surmount; overcome; conquer. 

BAFFLEMENT (baf'1-ment), n. Act of baffling 
or state of being baffled. 

BAFFLER (baf'ler), n. One who or that which 



BAG (bag), n. 1. Sack; pouch; purse; udder. 
2. Determinate quantity, as bag of flour. 3. 
Quantity of game bagged by a sportsman. 4. 
Minute sac in which some secretion is con- 
tained, as the honey-bag in a bee. [A. S. 
bcelg, bag.] 

SYN. Receptacle; cell; pocket; wallet; 
grip; satchel; reticule. 

BAG (bag), v. [pr.p. BAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAGGED (bagd).] I. vt. 1. Put into a bag 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BAGASSE 



94 



BAIT 



> 



or bags. 2. Capture or kill in hunting. 3. 

Cause to swell or distend like a bag. II. vi. 1 . 

Bulge or sag like a bag. 2. Swell with arro- 
gance. 

SYN. Store; reserve; husband; hoard; 

accumulate; forage. 
BAGASSE (ba-gas'), n. Refuse stalks of sugar 

cane, when crushed and dry; any similar 

refuse. [Fr.] 
BAGATELLE (bag-a- 

tel'), n. 1. Trifle. 2. 

Game play ed on a nine- 
holed board with nine 

balls and a cue. [Fr.] 
BAGDAD (bag'dad), n. 

1. Division of Turkey 

in Asia. 2. Town in 

that division. 
BAGGAGE (bag'aj),n. 1. 

Trunks, valises and 

other necessaries of a 

traveler. 2. Tents, 

provisions, etc., of an army 





Bagatelle boards. 



[Fr.] 
BAGGAGE-CAR (bag'aj-kar), n. Railroad car 

designed for carrying the baggage of passen- 
gers. 
BAGGAGE-MAN (bag'aj-man), n. [pi. BAG- 
GAGEMEN.] Man who handles or transfers 

baggage at railway station. 
BAGGAGE-MASTER (bag'a j-mas-ter), n. 

Official in charge of baggage. 
BAGGING (bag'ing), n. 1. Act of putting into a 

bag or bags. 2. Material for bags. 
BAGGY (bag'i), a. Bulging out; like a bag; 

puffy. 
BAGMAN (bag'man), n. In England, a com- 
mercial traveler. 
BAGNIO (ban'yo), n. 1. Brothel. 2. Bath- 

house. 3. 

Turkish slave 

prison. [It.] 
BAGPIPE (bag' 

pip), n. Wind 

i nst r ument 

consisting of 

a leathern bag 

which receives 

the air by a 

tube, stopped 

by a valve, and of pipes, into which the air is 

pressed by the performer. 
BAGPIPER (bag'pi-per), n. One who plays the 

bagpipe. 
BAGUETTE (ba-gef), n. Arch, Small astragal 

molding. [Fr. baguette, rod.] 
BAH (ba), inter j. Expressing disgust, contempt, 

or disbelief. 
BAHAMAS (ba-ha'maz), n. pi. Group of islands 

in British West Indies. 
BAIL (bal), vt. [pr.p. BAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

BAILED (bald).] 1. Law. Admit to or give 

bail to; liberate from custody by, or on, giving 

security. 2. Deliver in trust for some pur- 




Bagpipe. 



pose, as a piece of furniture to be repaired. 
[O. Fr. bailler; from L. bajulo, bear a burden.] 

BAIL (bal), n. Law. 1. One who procures the 
release of another by becoming security for 
his appearance. 2. The security given. — Admit 
to bail, release from custody on security being 
given. — Give bail, give security for one's 
release from custody. 

SYN. Surety; bond; warranty; sponsor; 
hostage. 

BAIL (bal), n. 1. Handle of a kettle or similar 
vessel. 2. Hoop or curved rod used as a sup- 
port, as for the bearing up of the tilt of a boat, 
cover of a wagon, awning, etc. [31. E. 
bayle, hoop.] 

BAIL (bal), n. 1. Cricket. One of the cross- 
pieces on the top of a wicket. 2. In England, 
a division between the stalls of a stable. [Fr. 
bailie, barrier.] 

BAIL (bal), n. Pail or similar vessel for scooping 
the water out of a boat. [Fr. bailie; from L. 
baca, tub.] 

BAIL (bal), vt. [pr.p. BAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAILED (bald.)] Free (a boat) from water by 
dipping it out; scoop out with a bail. 

BAILABLE (bala-bl), a. 1. Capable of being 
bailed; admitting of bail. 2. That may be 
delivered in bail or trust. 

BAIL-BOND (bal'bond), n. Law. Bond given 
for appearance in court. 

BAILEE (bal-e'), n. One to whom certain per- 
sonal property is intrusted for a specific pur- 
pose. 

BAILER (bal'er), w. Person or vessel employed 
in bailing water from a boat. 

BAILER, BAILOR, n. See BAILOR. 

BAILIFF (bal'if), n. 1. Court officer whose duty 
it is to take charge of juries, wait upon the 
court, etc. 2. In England, an overseer; 
steward; keeper of a forest; castle, etc. 3. 
English deputy sheriff. [O. Fr. baillif; from 
root of BAIL.] 

BAILIWICK (bal'i-wik), n. Extent or limit of 
a sheriff's or bailiff's jurisdiction; shire or 
county. [O. Fr. bailli, officer of justice, and 
A. S. wic; from L. vicus, village.] 

BAILMENT (bal'ment), n. Law. 1. Delivery of 
personal property by one person to another 
in trust, for some special purpose. 2. Act 
of admitting to bail. 

BAILOR (bal'ur), n. One who makes a bailment. 

BAILPIECE (bal 'pes), n. Law. Bail or surety 
bond. 

BAIRN (barn), n. Child. [A. S. beam, child.] 

BAIT (bat), vt. [pr.p. BAITING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAIT'ED.] 1. Provoke and harass by dogs, 
or in any way. 2. Put food on (a hook or 
among snares), to attract fish, birds, or other 
animals. 3. Give refreshment to on a journey. 
[A. S. bitan, bite.] 

BAIT (bat), n. 1. Lure to deceive and catch fish 
or other animals. 2. Anything used as a lure 
or bait, such as angleworms, minnows, etc 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c£ in Scotch loch. 



BAIT 



95 



BALDERDASH 



3. Food or refreshment of any kind taken on 
a journey. 

SYN. Inducement; allurement; attrac- 
tion; enticement; temptation. ANT. Dis- 
suasion; discouragement. 

BAIT (bat), vi. [pr.p. BAIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAIT'ED.] Falconry. Flap the wings. [Fr. 
battre; from L. battuo, beat.] 

BAITER (bat'er), n. One who or that which 
baits. 

BAIZE (baz), n. Coarse woolen fabric resem- 
bling flannel. [Fr. baies.] 

BAKE (bak), v. [pr.p. BAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAKED (bakt).] I. vt. 1. Dry, harden, or 
cook by the heat of the sun or of fire. 2. 
Prepare in an oven, as bread. II. vi. 1. 
Do the work of baking. 2. Undergo the 
process of baking. [A. S. bacan, bake.] 

BAKEHOUSE (bak'hows), n. 1. Common name 
in England for bakery. 2. Oven room of a 
bakery, biscuit or cracker factory. 

BAKELITE (bak'el-it), n. Chemically formed 
substitute for rubber, celluloid, bone and ivory 
for insulation purposes. 

BAKELIZER (bak'el-iz-er), n. Apparatus for 
the manufacture of Bakelite. 

BAKER (ba'ker), n. 1. One who bakes bread, 
cakes, crackers, etc.; one who conducts a 
bakery. 2. Portable oven. — Baker's dozen, 
thirteen. 

BAKERITE (ba'ker-it), n. White slate-like 
marble. 

BAKERY (ba/ker-i), n. [pi. BA'KEKIES.] Place 
where bread, cakes, pies, etc., are baked and 
sold. 

BAKING, (ba'king), n. 1. Act or process of 
being baked. 2. Quantity baked at a time. 

BAKING-POWDER (baking-pow-der), n. Pow- 
der used in baking as a substitute for yeast. 

BAKSHISH, BAKSHEESH (bak'shesh), n. 
Gratuity; tip. [Ar. bakhshish, present.] 

BaL^ENA (ba-le'na), n. Genus of cetaceous 
animals, including the common Greenland 
whale. [L. balcena, whale.] 

BaLAKLAVA (ba-la-kla'va), n. Village in the 
Crimea, 8 m. S. E. of Sebastopol. Charge of 
the 600, October 25, 1854. 

BALANCE (bal'ans), v. [pr.p. BAL'ANCING; p.t. 
and p.p. BAL'ANCED (bal'anst).] I. vt. 1. 
Weigh in a oalance; compare by estimating, 
as if in a balance. 2. Equal; make equal. 
3. Poise. II. vi. 1. Have equal weight or 
power; be in equipoise. 2. Hesitate. 3. 
Dance forward to, and backward from, a 
partner. 

SYN. Weigh; balance; counterpoise; 
counteract; countervail; neutralize; com- 
pensate; equalize; adjust. ANT. Upset; 
tilt; cant; mispoise; overbalance. 

BALANCE (bal'ans), n. 1. Pail' of scales. 2. 
Act of weighing. 3. That which renders 
weight or authority equal. 4. Sum required 
to make the two sides of an account equal, 



hence the surplus, or the sum due on an ac- 
count. — Balance of power, such a condition 
of things among nations that the power of 
each, however great, is balanced by that of 
the rest. — Balance of trade, difference in value 
between total exports and imports of a 
country. — Electric balance, device by which an 
unknown electric resistance is readily deter- 
mined. [L. bis, double, and lanx, dish.] 

BALANCE ABLE (bal'ans-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being balanced. 

BALANCEMENT (bal'ans-ment), n. 1. Act of 
balancing, or state of being balanced. 2. Biol, 
Law of abnormal growth, by which exuber- 
ance of nutrition in one organ is supposed to 
involve, to a greater or less extent, the total 
or partial atrophy of some other, or con- 
versely; compensation. 

BALANCER (bal'ans-er, n. 1. One who or that 
which balances; an equilibrist. 2. Entom. 
Drumstick-like process on either side of the 
metathorax of a dipterous insect, as in th^ fly. 

BALANCE-REEF (bal'ans-ref), n. Naut. Reef- 
band that crosses a sail diagonally, used to 
contract it in a storm. 

BALANCE-SHEET (bal'ans-shet), n. Written 
statement containing both sides of a debit 
and credit account and striking a balance. 

BALANCE-WHEEL (balans-hwel), n. Wheel 
that controls or regulates the movement of a 
mechanism, especially that of a watch or 
chronometer. 

BALANCING (bal'ans-ing), n. 
Equilibrium; poise ; perform- 
ance of an equilibrist. 

BALBRIGGAN (bal-brig'an),n. 
Cotton underwear made in 
Balbriggan, Ireland. 

BALCONY (bal'ko-ni), n. [pi. 
BAL'CONIES.] 1. Platform 
or gallery outside the win- 
dow of a room. 2. Elevated Balcony. 
floor along the walls of a theater, etc* usually 
between gallery and 
parquet. 

BALD (bald), n. 1. With- 
out the usual natural 
covering on the head, 
as hair in the case of/ 
man and feathers in' 
that of birds. 2. Naked : 
bare. [Etym. doubt- 
ful; Sp. baldio, un- 
filled, and Eng. BALL 
have been suggested.] 

BALD EAGLE (bald'S- 

. gl). American or white- 
headed sea-eagle, the 
bird that the United 
States has chosen as 
its emblem. 

BALDERDASH (bal'der- 
dash), n. Jargon of 





Bald Eagle (Halicetus 
leucocephalus) . 



fate, fat, tisk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BALDHEAD 



96 



BALLOON-JIB 



words jumbled together without sense or 

judgment; worthless mixture. [Wei. bald- 

arddus, prating; from baldardd, prate.] 
BALDHEAD (bald'hed), n. Person whose head 

is bald. 
BALD-HEADED (bald'hed-ed), a. Having a 

bald head. 
BALDLY (bald'li), adv. In a bald manner; 

nakedly; inelegantly. 
BALDNESS (bald'nes), n. State of being bald; 

alopecia. 
BALD-RIB (bald'rib), n. Lean, fatless pork 

adjoining the spare-ribs. 
BALDRIC (bal'drik), n. 1. Richly-ornamented 

belt, worn over one shoulder and across the 

breast. 2. Zodiac viewed as a gem-studded 

belt encircling the heavens. [Fr. baudrier, 

belt.] 
BALDTJR (bal'dur), BALDER (bal'der), n. 

Norse Myth. Son of Odin, so beautiful and 

bright that he emanates light. 
BALE (bal), n. Large bundle or package, as of 

cotton or other commodity, corded or banded 

round very tightly for transportation or 

storage. [O. Fr.; from L.L. balla, bala, ball, 

bale.] 
BALE (bal), vt. [pr.p. BALING; p.t. and p.p. 

BALED (bald).] Make into a bale or bales. 
BALE (bal), n. Calamity; mischief; danger; 

misery; woe; evil. [A. S. bealo, woe.] 

Balearic (bai-e-ar'ik) Islands. Group of 

Spanish islands in the Mediterranean. 

BALEEN (ba-len'), n. Whalebone. [L. balwna, 
whale.] 

BALE-FIRE (bal'fir), n. Signal-fire; beacon. 

BALEFUL (bal'fgl), a. 1. Full of grief or misery; 
sorrowful; sad; woful. 2. Pernicious; harm- 
ful; deadly. 

BALISTA (ba-lis'ta), n. Same as BALLISTA. 

BALIZE (ba-lez'), n. Pole raised on a bank of 
earth near the sea to constitute a beacon. 
[Fr. balise, sea-mark.] 

BALK (bak), n. 1. Hindrance; obstacle. 2. 
Frustration of plans or projects; disappoint- 
ment; defeat. 3. Blunder; unsatisfactory 
result. 4. Agric. Land over which the plow 
slips without turning it up; unplowed ridge 
between furrows. 5. Anything passed by in 
the way that an unplowed furrow is. 6. Large 
beam or timber. [A. S. balca, heap.] 

BALK (bak), v. [pr.p. BALKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BALKED (bakt).] I. vt. Thwart; frustrate; 
render nugatory; disappoint. II. vi. Stop 
abruptly and refuse to proceed. 

BALKAN (bal-kan' or bal'kan) MOUNTAINS. 
Mountain system in Europe, S. of the lower 
Danube. 

BALKY (bak'i), a. Inclined to balk. 

BALL (bal), n. 1. Anything spherical, as a 
bullet, globe, etc. 2. Game played with a ball. 
[Fr. balle, ball.] 

BALL (bal), v. [pr.p. BALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BALLED (bald).] I. vt. Form into a ball or 



balls, as snow. II. vi. Unite so as to form a 
ball. 

BALL (bal), n. Dancing assembly. [Fr. bal; 
from bailer, dance.] 

BALLAD (balad), n. 1. Short simple air. 2. 
Popular song. 3. Short narrative poem. [Fr. 
ballade, song sung in dancing.] 

BALLAST (bal'ast), n. 1. Heavy matter used 
to make anything steady. 2. Earth or gravel 
used to fill the space between the rails on a 
railway. [Dan. bag, back, and last, load.] 

BALLAST (bal'ast), vt. [pr.p. BAL'LASTING; 
p.t. and p.p. BALLASTED.] Supply with bal- 
last; make or keep steady. 

BALL-BEARING (bal'bar-ing), n. Loose metal 
balls inserted in machinery to lessen 
friction. 

BALLET (bal-la' or ballet), n. 1. Theatrical 
exhibition acted chiefly in dancing. 2. The 
dancers of such an exhibition collectively. 
[Fr., dim. of bal, dance.] 

BALLISTA (bal-lis'ta), n. [pi. BALLIS'TJS] 
Militaryjievice used in medieval warfare for 
throwing large stones and other heavy mis- 
siles. [L.; from Gr. ballo, throw.] 

BALLISTIC (bal-lis'tik), a. Pertaining to the 
ballista, or to ballistics. 

BALLISTICS (bal-lis'tiks), n. Art or science of 
shooting missiles; science that treats of the 
flight of projectiles. 

BALL-LIGHTNING (balht-ning), n. Incan- 
descent mass of atmospheric gases evolved 
in the heavens by electric discharge. 

BALLON-D'ESSAI (bal-lang'des-a), n. Pilot 
balloon. [Fr.] 

BALLONS-SONDES (bal-lang-sands), n.pl. 
Double balloons used for testing the different 
atmospheric currents. [Fr.] 

BALLOON (bal- 
lon'), n. Bag or 
hollow sphere or 
cylinder of light 
material, which, 
being inflated with 
a gas lighter than 
air or with heated 
air, ascends and 
floats in the at- 
mosphere. — Diri- 
gible balloon, a 
balloon that can 
be directed or con- 
trolled. See AIR- 
SHIP. [Fr. ballon.] 

SYN. Airship; 
aerodrome; aer- 
onef; aeroplane. 
ANT. Parachute. 

BALLOONING (bal- 
lon'ing), n. Aero- 
nautics. 

BALLOONIST (bal-lon'ist), n. 

BALLOON- JIB (bal-lon'jib), n. 




Balloon. 



Aeronaut. 
Naut. Large 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BALLOON-NET 



97 



BAND 



triangular sail made of very light canvas used 
by yachts in light winds. 

BALLOON-NET (bal-lon'net), n. Net used to 
sustain balloon during its flight in the air. 

BALLOT (bal'ut), n. 1. Little ball or cube used 
in voting. 2. Written or printed vote; voting 
ticket. 3. Secret voting by putting a ball or 
ticket into a box. [Fr. ballotte, dim. of balle, 
ball.] 

BALLOT (bal'ut), v. [pr.p. BAL'LOTING; p.t. 
and p.p. BAL/LOTED.] I. vi. 1. Vote by 
means of ballots. 2. Cast a ballot; vote secret- 
ly. II. vt. Submit to the operation of the ballot. 

BALLOT-BOX (bal'ut-boks), n. Box for the 
reception of ballots at an election. 

BALLOTING (bal'ut-ing), n. Act of voting by 
ballot. 

BALLYHOO (bal-i-ho'), n. Among showmen, 
any spectacular display or performances on 
the outside of a show, calculated to call atten- 
tion to the attractions offered within. (Colloq.) 

BALM (bam), n. 1. Aromatic plant. 2. Fra- 
grant and healing ointment obtained from 
such a plant. 3. Anything that heals or 
soothes. [L. balsamum.] 

BALM (bam), vt. [pr.p. BALM'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BALMED(bamd).] 1. Anoint with balm. 
2. Soothe: mitigate; assuage. 

BALMILY (bam'i-li), adv. In a balmy manner. 

BALMORAL (b-l-mor'al), n. 1. Kind of gaily- 
striped woolen g-ods, or a skirt made from it. 
2. Kind of stout-laced walking-shoe. [Bal- 
moral, Scotland.] 

BALMY (bam'i), a. Bearing balm; having the 
qualities of balm; aromat- 
ic; odorous. 

BALSAM (bal'sam), n. 1. 
Name of certain plants. 2. 
Resinous oily substance 
flowing from them. [Gr. 
balsamon.] 

BALSAMIC (bal-sam'ik), I. 
a. 1. Having the qualities 
of balsam; aromatic; miti- 
gating; assuaging. 2. Yield- 
ing balsam. II. n. Medicine <a€ 
having properties like those 
of balsam. 

BALSAM-ROOT (balsam- 
rot), n. Bot. Aromatic root 
(Balsamorliza) containing 
balsam. 

Baltic Sea (bai'tikse). Sea 

between Germany, Sweden 
and Russia. Area 184,000 
sq. m. 

Baltimore (baiti-mor), n. 

Maryland, U. S. 

Baltimore-oriole ("bai'ti-m6r-6'ri-6i), n. 

Bright-hued yellow and black American song 
bird (Icterus galbula). 

Baluchistan (bai-o-chis-tano, n. country 




Balsam (Impaliens 
balsamina) . 

Chief seaport of 




Balustrade. 



in Asia, between India and Arabian Sea, 
under British control. Area 134,000 sq. m. 

BALUSTER (bal'us-ter), n. Small column or 
pilaster used as a support to the rail of a stair- 
case, etc. [Fr. balustre — Gr. balaustion, flower 
of the pomegranate; from the similarity of 
form.] 

BALUSTERED (bal'us-terd), a. Having bal- 
usters. 



BALUSTRADE (bal' 
us-trad), n. Row 
of balusters Joined 
fov 3j mil 

BAMBINO (bam-be'- 
no), n. [pi. BAM- 
BINI (bam-be'ne).] 

Figure of the infant Christ in swaddling-bands. 
[It., little child.] 

BAMBOO, (bam-bo'), n. Gigantic reed, with 
hollow- jointed stem, growing in tropical 
countries. [Malay.] 

BAMBOO-WARE (bam-bo'war), n. Furniture, 
baskets and other articles made of the bamboo. 

BAMBOOZLE (bam-bo'zl), v. [pr.p. BAMBOO'- 
ZL.ING; p.t. and p.p. BAMBOO'ZLED (bam- 
bo'zld).] I. vt. Impose upon; deceive. II. vi. 
Practice imposition or deception. (Colloq.) 

BAN (ban), n. 1. Proclamation. 2. Body of 
men summoned to arms. 3. Denunciation; 
curse; excommunication. 4. [pi.] Announce- 
ment of an intended marriage, as in the church 
of England — commonly banns. 5. Authori- 
tative prohibition. 6. Pecuniary mulct or 
penalty. [A. S. gebann, proclamation.] 

BAN (ban), v. [pr.p. BAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
BANNED (band).] I. vt. 1. Excommunicate; 
imprecate evil upon. 2. Forbid; prohibit. 
II. vi. Curse; issue an anathema. 

BAN (ban), n. Kind of fine muslin, made in 
the East Indies from banana fiber. 

BANAKITE (ban'a-kit), n. Stone-like mineral 
composed of feldspar and lava. 

BANAL (ban'al), a. Commonplace, ordinary. 
[A. S. bannal, known to everyone.] 

BANANA (ba-na'na or ba-nan'a), n. 1. Gigantic 
tropical herbaceous plant, closely allied to the 
plantain. 2. Clustering nutritious fruit of 
this plant. [Sp.] 

BANC (bangk), n. Law. Seat of justice; court 
bench, or seat which a judge occupies offi- 
cially. — Court in banc, sitting of a court with 
all, or a quorum, of the judges present. [Fr., 
bench.] 

BANCAL (bang'kal), n. Bench or seat cushion. 

BANCO (bangk'o), n» Bankable commercial 
paper. [Sp.] 

BAND (band), n. 1. Anything which binds 
together; tie; belt. 2. Flexible strip used for 
binding, or for belts. 3. Anything resembling 
such a strip; broad stripe. 4. Body of armed 
men. 5. Company of musical performers. 6. 
Company of persons united together for any 
purpose, or held by any bond of affinity. 7. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BAND 



BANGKOK 



» 



Drove, flock or other assemblage of any spe- 
cies of animal. [From root of A. S. bindan, 
bind.] 

BAND (band), v. [pr.p. BANDING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Tie with a band. 2. 
Form into a troop, society or band of any kind. 
3. Mark with a stripe or band. II. vi. Unite 
together; enter into an alliance or confederacy. 

SYN. Combine; unite; blend; merge; 
cluster; cement. ANT. Disunite; split; 
disperse; disband; loosen; detach; unroll. 

BANDAGE (band'aj), n. 1. Strip of cloth used 
to bind up a wound or fracture. 2. Any- 
thing tied around another, as a piece of cloth 
tied around the eyes to blindfold one. 3. 
[pi.] Arch. Iron rings or chains surrounding 
the springing of a dome, or the circumference 
of a tower, to bind the structure together. [Fr. 
bandage, from bander, band, tie.] 

BANDAGE (band'aj), vt. [pr.p. BANDAGING; 
p.t. and p.p. BANDAGED (band'ajd).] Bind 
with a bandage. 

BAND ALA (ban-da la), n. Handloom cloth 
made in the Philippine Islands. 

BANDALORE (ban'da-lor), n. Self-winding, 
mechanical top that returns to the hand when 
spun. 

BANDANNA, BANDANA (ban-dan'a), n. Large 
handkerchief with a red, blue, or other dark 
ground, and small white or brightly-colored 
spots. [Hind, bandhnu.'] 

BANDBOX (band'boks), n. Thin box for hold- 
ing ruffs, bonnets, hats, etc.; usually cylin- 
drical. 

BAND-BRAKE (band'brak), n. Metal band on 
revolving drum-wheel of machinery to check 
or stop its action. 

BANDEAU (ban-do'), n. [pi. BANDEAUX (ban- 
doz').] Narrow band or fillet. 

BANDED (band'ed), a. 1. Marked with bands. 
2. Leagued or allied together to work as a 
unit. 

BANDERILLA (ban-de-ril'ya), n. Decorated 
barbed dart used to enrage bull in a bull-fight. 
[Sp.] 

BANDERILLERO (ban-de-ril-yar'o), n. Bull- 
fighter who uses bandcrillas. [Sp.] 

BANDEROLE (ban'de-rol), , . Small flag, 
pennant, or streamer in the form of a guidon, 
longer than broad, usually borne at the mast- 
heads of vessels. [Fr.] 

BANDICOOT (ban'di-kot), n. 1. Largest known 
species of rat, found in India. 2. An Aus- 
tralian marsupial commonly called bandicoot 
rat. [Anglo-Indian name.] 

BANDING (band'ing), n. Material of any kind 
made so that it can be used for bands. 

BANDING-PLANE (band'ing-plan), n. Carpen- 
ter's plane used for grooving for inlaid work. 

BANDIT (ban'dit), n. Outlaw; robber: highway- 
man; brigand. [It. bandito.] 

BANDITTI (ban-dlt'i), n. pi. Bandits. [It. pi. of 
bandito, bandit.] 




BANDMASTER (band'mas-ter), n. Director 
or conductor of a musical band or orchestra. 

BANDOG (ban'dog), n. Large, fierce dog re- 
quiring to be kept chained. [O. E. band, 
bound, and DOG.] 

BANDOLEER, BANDOLIER (ban-do-ler'), n. 
Large leathern belt, worn by soldiers in medi- 
eval times over right shoulder to sustain mus- 
ket and ammunition. [Fr. bandouliere.] 

BANDOLINE (ban'do-lin), n. Gummy prep- 
aration for the hair, to keep it flat and 
smooth, usually made from quince-seed. 

BANDORE (ban-dor'), n. Stringed 
instrument shaped like a short 
banjo. [Sp. bandurria, man- 
dolin.] 

BANDY (ban'di), n. [pi. BAN- 
DIES.] 1. Club bent and rounded 
at the lower part, designed for 
striking a ball. 2. Game played 
with such a stick; hocky. [Fr. 
bande, p.p. of bander, bend.] 

BANDY (ban'di), v. [pr.p. BAN DY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BANDIED 
(ban'did).] I. vt. 1. Beat or 
knock back and forth, as a ball in, 
the game of bandy. 2. Give and 
receive reciprocally; exchange 
(blows or words). 3. Agitate or 
toss about. II. vi. Reciprocate 
words or blows; contend. 

BANDY (ban'di), a. , Crooked; 
bowed. 

BANDY-LEGGED (ban'di-legd), a. Knock- 
kneed; having legs that are bandy. 

BANE (ban), n. 1. Anything detrimental, 
noxious, or fatal. 2. Poison of a deadly kind. 
3. Rot, a disease of sheep. [A.S. bana, de- 
struction.] 

BANEBERRY (ban'ber-i), n. Plant of the crow- 
foot family, the Aetata spicata, the berries of 
which are very poisonous. 

BANEFUL (ban'fol), a. Pernicious; harmful; 
destructive; noxious; poisonous. 

BANEFULLY (ban'fQl-i), adv. Perniciously; 
harmfully; noxiously. 

BANEWORT (ban'wurt), n. Plant generally 
known as deadly-nightshade (Atropa bella- 
donna) . 

BANG (bang), v. [pr.p. BANG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BANGED (bangd).] I. vt. 1. Beat or 
thump. 2. Fire, as a gun or anything that 
makes a sudden noise. 3. Slam. 4. Cut (the 
hair) across the forehead. II. vi. Resound 
with a loud noise. [Imitation of sound.] 

BANG (bang), n. 1. Sudden noise; explosion; 
thump; concussion. 2. Front hair cut straight 
across the forehead; commonly in the plural. 

BANG (bang), adv. With a sudden shock; 
abruptly. 

BANG, BHANG (bang), n. See BHANG. 

BANGKOK (bang-kok'), n. Capital and chief 
port of Siam. 



Bandore. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BANGLE 



99 



BANSHEE 




BANGLE (bang'gl), n. Ornament of a ringed 
form, like a bracelet, worn on the wrists and 
ankles of both sexes in India and some parts of 
Africa. [Hind, bangri, bracelet.] 

BANGUE (bang), n. Same as BHANG. 

BANIAN (ban'yan), n. Same as BANYAN. 

BANISH (ban'ish), vt. [pr.p. BAN'ISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BANISHED (ban'isht).] 1. 
Sentence to exile. 2. Drive out or away; 
dismiss. [From BAN.] 

SYN. Exile; expatriate; transport; shut 
out; expel; eject; exclude. ANT. Cherish; 
foster; protect; domiciliate; harbor. 

BANISHER (ban'ish-er), n. One who banishes. 

BANISHMENT (ban'ish-ment), n. Act of ban- 
ishing, or state of being banished. 

BANJO (ban'jo), n. 
Musical instrument 
with five strings, hav- 
ing a head and neck 
like a guitar and a Banjo. 

body like a tambour- 
ine. [Negro corruption of Fr. bandore, 
mandolin.] 

BANJO-SIGNAL (ban'jo-sig-nal), n. Banjo- 
shaped railway disk-block signal.] 

BANK (bangk), n. 1. Mound or ridge of earth, 
or snow, etc. 2. Earthy margin of a river, 
lake, etc. 3. Rising ground in the sea. [A. S. 
banc, mound.] 

BANK (bangk), vt. [pr.p. BANKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BANKED (bangkt).] 1. Inclose with a 
bank. 2. Aviation. Cause to turn quickly 
by means of the ailerons, presenting the bot- 
tom surface to the air resistance. — Bank a 
fire, cover with small coal so the Are will keep. 

BANK (bangk), n. 1. Place where money is de- 
posited, loaned, exchanged, etc. 2. Company 
associated in banking business. 3. Capital of 
a gaming establishment. [Fr. banque, bank; 
L.L. bancus, bench.] 

BANK (bangk), v. [pr.p. BANKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BANKED (bangkt).] I. vt. Deposit in a 
bank. II. vi. 1. Do business as a banker. 
2. Do business with a bank. 

BANK (bangk), n. 1. Naut. Bench on which 
rowers usually sit; tier of oars. 2. Law. 
Originally, bench on which the judges sai; 
all of the judges, or at least a quorum of 
them sitting together. 3. Music. Row of 
keys. [Fr. banc, bench.] 

BANKABLE (bangk'a-bl), a. Receivable at a 
bank; discountable. 

BANK-BILL (bangk'bil), n. 1. A bank-note. 
2. In England, bill of exchange; note drawn 
on a bank. 

BANK-BOOK (bangk'bok), n. Pass-book of 
a depositor in a bank, in which the bank enters 
his debits and credits. 

BANK-CREDIT (bangk'kred-it), n. Specified 
sum up to which one will be allowed to draw 
money from a bank upon proper security 
being given. 



BANK-DRAFT (bangk'draft), n. Order for 

money drawn by one bank on another. 
BANKER (bangk'er), n. 1. One engaged in the 
banking business. 2, One intrusted with funds 
by others. 
BANK-HEAD (bangk'hed), n. Mining, Open- 
ing of shaft at top of mine. 
BANKING (bangk'ing), I. n. Business of a 

banker. II. a. Pertaining to a bank. 
BANK-NOTE (bangk'not), ». Note issued by a 

bank, which passes as money. 
BANK-PAPER (bangk'pa-pSr), n. Paper rep- 
resenting money or its equivalent negotiable 
at banks. 
BANK-RATE (bangk'rat), n. Rate for interest 

or discount fixed by banks. 
BANKRUPT (bangk'rupt), I. n. One who 
breaks or fails in business; insolvent person. 
II. a. 1. Insolvent; unable to meet one's 
liabilities. 2. Depleted; exhausted. 3. Dis- 
credited. [BANK, and L. ruptus, broken.] 
BANKRUPT (bangk'rupt), vt. [pr.p. BANK- 
RUPTING; p.t. and p.p. BANKRUPTED.] 
Cause to become bankrupt. 
BANKRUPTCY (bangk'rupt-si), n. State of 

being or act of becoming bankrupt. 
BANK-SHOT (bangk'shot), n. Carom in bil- 
liards made by cue ball striking cushion first. 
BANK-STATEMENT (bangk'stat-ment), n. 
Schedule or balance-sheet showing assets and 
liabilities of a bank. 
BANK-STOCK (bangk'stok), n. Shares in a 
banking company; paid up capital of a bank 
divided into shares. 
BANNER (ban'er), n. Military standard; flag 

or ensign. [Fr. banniere, banner.] 
BANNERET (ban-er-ef), n. 1. Small banner or 
streamer. 2. Knighthood conferred on the field 
of battle, or a knight so created. 3. Swiss officer 
having charge of the banner of his canton. 
BANISTER (ban'is-ter), n. Corruption of 

BALUSTER. 
BANNS, BANS (banz), n.pl. Notice of an in- 
tention of marriage, [pi. of BAN.] 
BANQUET (bang'kwet), n. Feast; any rich 

treat or entertainment. [Fr.] 
BANQUET (bang'kwet), v. [pr.p. BAN'QUET- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BANQUETED.] I. vt. Give 
a feast to. II. vi. Fare sumptuously. [Fr.] 
BANQUETER (bang'kwet-er), n. 1. Guest at a 
banquet; one who feasts luxuriously. 2. One 
who is the entertainer at a banquet. 
BANQUETTE (bang-kef), n. 1. Fort. Small 
bank at the foot of a parapet, on which sol- 
diers mount when they fire. 2. Footing of a 
bridge, raised above the carriage-way; ledge; 
bank. [Fr., small bench; footpath, or pave- 
ment.] 
BANSHEE (ban'she), n. Elf or fairy, supposed 
to forebode death by singing a mournful song 
beneath the windows of a house when one of 
the inmates is about to die. [Gael, beanshith, 
fairy.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BANTAM 



100 



BARBATE 




Black-tailed Japanese 
Bantam Hen. 

Young child. [So 



BANTAM (ban'tam), n. Small domestic fowl 
with feathered shanks, 
probably from Bantan, 
in Java. 

BANTER (ban'ter), vt. [pr. 
p. BANTERING; p.t. and 
p.p. BANTERED (ban'- 
terd).] 1. Make good- 
natured mirth at the ex- 
pense of; mildly rally; 
chaff. 2. Challenge or 
provoke to something 
daring. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BANTER (banter), n. Act 
of bantering; raillery. 

BANTLING (bant'ling), n. 

called from the bands in which it is wrapped.] 

BANYAN (ban'yan), n. 1. East-Indian fig-tree, 
whose branches take root and spread over a 
large area. 2. Hindu merchant. [Hind, banya, 
merchant.] 

BANZAI (ban-za/e), inter j. Acclamation equiv- 
alent to the French vive Vempereur, long live 
the emperor. [Jap., lit., ten thousand years.] 

BAOBAB (ba'o-bab), n. Gigantic tree, the 
Adasonia digitata • called also monkey-bread 
tree. [African name.] 

BAPTISM (bap'tizm), n- Act of baptizing; in- 
itiatory rite of the Christian Church, by solemn 
immersion in, sprinkling wich, or pouring on 
of water. [Gr. baptisma; fr^m baptizo, 
baptize.] 

BAPTISMAL (bap-tiz'mal), a. Pertaining to 
baptism. 

BAPTIST (bap'tist), n. One of a Christian de- 
nomination that approves only of adult bap- 
tism by immersion; originally, one who ad- 
ministers the rite of baptism. 

BAPTISTERY (bap'tis-ter-i), BAPTISTRY (bap'- 
tis-tri), n. [pi. BAPTISTERIES, BAP'TIS- 
TRIES.] Place where baptism is administered. 

BAPTISTIC (bap-tis'tik), a. Pertaining to bap- 
tism; baptismal. 

BAPTIZE (bap-tiz), v. [pr.p. BAPTI'ZING; p.t. 
and p.p. BAPTIZED (bap-tizd').] I. vt. 1. 
Administer the rite of baptism to, as by im- 
mersion in, sprinkling with, or pouring on of 
water. 2. Christen; consecrate. II. vi. 
Administer baptism. [Gr. baptizo; from bapto, 
dip.] 

BAPTIZER (bap-ti'zer), n. One who administers 
the rite of baptism. 

BAR (bar), n. 1. Oblong piece of iron or other 
solid substance. 2. Any obstruction in the 
form of a bar or beam placed across an open 
doorway, gateway, etc., to prevent or limit 
ingress or egress. 3. Transverse beam or 
bolt for fastening a door, gate, etc. 4. Natural 
obstruction, as a bank of sand at the mouth 
of a river. 5. Anything which hinders, pre- 
vents, obstructs, or excludes; also the act of 
hindrance and the state of being hindered. 
6. Inclosure in a court for accommodation 



of counsel. 7. Lawyers of a particular court 
or of the whole country, collectively. 8. The 
legal profession. 9. Place in court where 
criminals stand when arraigned. 10. Any 
tribunal, as the bar of public opinion. 11. In- 
closure or counter where liquors are dis- 
pensed. 12. Band or stripe. 13. Music. Line 
drawn perpendicularly across the staff. — -Plea 
in bar. Law. Plea to the merits of the action, 
in bar or prevention of the plaintiff's demand. 
[O. Fr. barre.] 

BAR (bar), vt. [pr.p. BARRING; p.t. and p.p. 
BARRED (bard).] 1. Mold or shape into a 
bar or bars, as gold or silver from the mines. 
2. Place across, as bar an entrance or exit. 3. 
Fasten or secure, as with a bar. 4. Hinder; 
obstruct; prevent. 5. Except; omit as an 
exception. 6. Furnish with a bar or series of 
bars. 7. Mark with bands or bars of color. 
8. Exclude; prohibit, as to bar a person from 
entering a prize contest. 

BARB (barb), n. 1. Point projecting backward 
on an arrow, fish-hook, etc., to prevent its 
being easily extracted. 2. Bot. Awn or 
beard. [Fr. barbe; from L. barba, beard.] 

BARB (barb), vt. [pr.p. BARBING; p.t. and p.p. 
BARBED (barbd).] Furnish with a barb or 
barbs. 

BARB (barb), n. 1. Horse of Barbary breed. 2. 
Barbary pigeon. [Fr. barbe; abbreviated from 
Barbary.} 

BARB (barb), n. Defensive armor of a knight's 
warhorse. [Fr. barde.] 

BARBACAN (bar'ba-kan), n. Same as BARBI- 
CAN. 

BARBADOES (bar-ba'doz), n. Island of the 
British West Indies. 

BARBARIAN (bar-ba'ri-an), I. a. Uncivilized; 
savage; without taste or refinement. II. n. 
Uncivilized man; savage; cruel, brutal man. 
[See BARBAROUS.] 

BARBARIC (bar-bar 'ik), a. Foreign; uncivil- 
ized; rudely grand and impressive. 

BARBARISM (barba-rizm), n. 1. Form of 
speech contrary to the spirit of a language. 
2. Rude, ignorant, uncivilized state; brutality; 
cruelty. 

BARBARITY (bar-bar 'i-ti), n. Savageness; 
cruelty. 

BARBARIZE (bar'ba-riz), v. [pr.p. BARBA- 
RIZING; p.t. and p.p. BARBARIZED (bar-ba- 
rizd').] I. vt. Render barbarous. II. vi. 1. Fall 
into barbarism. 2. Utter a barbarism in speech. 

BARBAROUS (bar'ba-rus), a. Of, pertaining 
to, or like a barbarian; savage; brutal; rude; 
uncivilized. [L. barbarus; from Gr. barbaros, 
foreign.] 

BARBAROUSLY (bar'ba-rus-li), adv. In a 

barbarous manner. 

BARBAROUSNESS (bar'ba-rus-nes), n. Quality 
of being barbarous. 

BARBATE (bar'bat), a. Bot. Awned; bearded. 
[L. barba, beard.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






BARBATED 



101 



BARGAIN 



BARBATED (bar'ba-ted), a. Jagged with points; 
awned or bearded. 

BARBECUE (bar'be-ku), n. 1. Hog, ox, or other 
large animal roasted whole. 2. Entertain- 
ment in the open air where an animal is roasted 
whole. [Haytian harbacoa, frame on which 
meat is dried.] 

BARBECUE (bar'be-ku), vt. [pr.p. BARBE- 
CUING; p.t. and p.p. BARBECUED (bar'be- 
kud).] Roast whole, as a hog or other large 
animal. 

BARBED (barbd), a. Furnished with jagged 
or arrowy points. — Barbed wire, wire armed 
with barbs or projecting sharp points, used 
for fences. 

BARBEL (bar'bel), n. 1. Small fleshy thread, of 
which several hang from the mouth of certain 
fishes. 2. Knot of superfluous flesh under 
the tongue of a horse. 3. Fish allied to the 
carp, having four beard-like appendages on its 
upper jaw. [L. barbellus, dim. of barbus; 
from barba, beard.] 

BARBELLATE (bar'bel-at), a. Bot. Having 
barbed or bearded bristles. 

BARBER (bar'ber), n. One whose business is 
to shave beards and cut and dress the hair. 
[L.. barba, beard.] 

BARBER (bar'ber), vi. [pr.p. BAR'BERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BAR'BERED (bar'berd).} Do the 
work of a barber; be a barber. 

BARBERRY (bar'ber-i), n. [pi. BARBERRIES.] 
Ornamental thorny 
shrub, having yellow 
flowers and elongated 
bright-red berries. [L. 
L. berberis, barberry. 

B ARRET (bar'bet), n. 
Tropical climbing bird. 
[Fr. — barbe, beard.] 

BARBETTE (bar-bet), 
n. Fort. Terrace in- 
side a parapet, so raised 
as to admit of cannon 
being fired over the 
top. [Fr.] 

BARBICAN (bar'bi-kan), 

BARBACAN (bar'ba-kan), n. Fortification to 
a town or castle outside the walls. [Fr. bar- 
bacane.] 

BARBULE (bar'bul), n. Bot. Small awn or 
beard. [L. barba, beard.] 

BARCAROLLE (bar'ka-rol), n. 1. Venetian 
boatman's song. 2. Musical composition 
similar in character to such a song. [Fr.; 
from It. barcarolo, boatman.] 

BARCELONA (bar-se-lo'na), n. 1. Province of 
Spain. 2. Capital and seaport of such prov- 
ince. 3. Town in Venezuela. 

BARD (bard), n. 1. Poet and singer among the 
ancient Celts. 2. Poet. [Gael.] 

BARD (bard), n. Ancient defensive armor for 
a horse; barb. [Fr. barde.] 

BARD (bard), vt. [pr.p. BARD'ING; p.t. and 




Barberry. 



p.p. BARD'ED.] Adorn with trappings; ca- 
parison — Barded steed, in medieval times, a 
horse equipped with defensive armor covering 
the neck, breast, and shoulders. 

BARDIC (bard'ik), a. Pertaining to a bard, or 
to bards or their poetry; written by a bard. 

BARDISM (bard'izm), n. Learning, maxims, 
and system of belief given forth by the bards 
in their verses. 

BARE (bar), a. 1. Uncovered; naked. 2. With 
the head uncovered. 3. Lean; meager. 4. 
Unfurnished; unadorned. 5. Empty. 6. Mere; 
simple. 7. Threadbare; worn. [A. S. beer.] 
SYN. Small; minute; puny; faint; mean; 
trifling; stark; nude; exposed; visible; 
obvious. ANT. Great; full; vast; over- 
grown; dressed; clothed; arrayed; shod; 
invisible; hid; concealed. 

BARE (bar), vt. [pr.p. BAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BARED (bard).] Make bare; strip; uncover; 
expose. 

BAREBACK (bar'bak), I. a. Riding a bare- 
backed horse. II. adv. Without saddle or 
other covering. 

BAREBACKED (bar'bakt), a. Having no saddle 
or other covering on the back. 

BAREBONE (bar'bon), n. Bareboned person. 

BAREBONED (bar bond), a. Lean, so that the 
bones stand out. 

BAREFACED (bar'fast), a. 1. Having the face 
bare or uncovered. 2. Audacious; impudent; 
shameless. 

BAREFACEDLY (bar'fast-li), adv. Impudently. 

BAREFACEDNESS (bar'fast-nes), n. Effrontery. 

BAREFOOT (bar'fot), I. a. Having naked feet. 
II. adv. In a barefooted manner. 

BAREFOOTED (bar'fot-ed), a. Without cover- 
ing on the feet; having the feet bare. 

BAREGE (ba-razh), n. Thin woolen fabric 
used for women's dresses. [Bareges, France.] 

BAREHANDED (bar'hand-ed), a. 1. Having 
the hands, or one of them, bare. 2. Destitute. 

BAREHEADED (bar'hed-ed), a. With the head 
bare; having the head uncovered. 

BARELEGGED (bar'legd), a. Having the legs 
bare. 

BARELY (bar'li), adv. 1. Nakedly. 2. Without 
decoration. 3. Merely; only; without any- 
thing more. 4. Hardly; scarcely. 5. In a bare 
or naked manner; boldly; plainly. 

BARENECKED (bar'nekt), a. Having the neck 
bare. 

BARENESS (bar'nes), n. State of being bare; 
nakedness; scantiness; poverty. 

BARGAIN (bar'gen), w. 1. Agreement. 2. Pur- 
chase. 3. Advantageous offer or purchase. 4. 
Article so offered or purchased. [L.L. barcania, 
traffic] 

BARGAIN (bar'gen), v. [pr.p. BAR'GAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. BARGAINED (bar'gend).] I. vt. 
Agree to buy or sell; barter; trade. II. vi. 
Make a bargain, or endeavor to do so; dicker; 
chaffer; higgle. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BARGAIN-COUNTER 



S.02 



BAROMETRICALLY 



> 



BARGAIN-COUNTER (bar'gen-kown-ter), n. 
Counter on which goods are placed to he sold 
at reduced prices. 

BARGAIN-DAY (bar'gen-da), n. Particular day 
on which goods are offered for sale at reduced 
prices. 

BARGAINEE (bar-gen-e'), n. Party who agrees 
to accept the property which is the subject of 
the bargain. 

BARGAINER (bar'gen-er), n. Either party to a 
bargain. 

BARGAINOR (bar-gen-ar'), n. Law. One who 
sells to another, called the bargainee. 

BARGE (barj), n. 1. Flat-bottomed boat used 
in unloading large vessels. 2. Pleasure or 
state boat. [L. L. barca, boat.] 

BARGEMAN (barj'man), n. [pi. BARGEMEN.] 
Manager of a barge. 

BARIC (bar'ik), a. Chem. Containing barium. 

BARILLA (ba-ril'a), n. 1. Plant cultivated in 
Spain for its ashes, from which a superior 
kind of mineral alkali is obtained. 2. Alkali 
procured from this plant. [Sp.] 

BARITE (ba'rit), n. Min. Sulphate of barium, 
or heavy-spar. 

BARITONE (bar'i-ton), n. Same as BARYTONE. 

BARIU3I (ba'ri-um), n. Chem. White malleable 
metal, which melts at red heat, and oxidizes 
in the air; it is the metallic base of baryta. 

BARK (bark), vi. [pr.p. BARK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BARKED (barkt).] 1. Make the short, 
abrupt, explosive sound which dogs do when 
they menace any animal or man, or are fol- 
lowing prey. 2. Clamor loudly against a per- 
son, institution, etc. 3. Vociferate the attrac- 
tions of a show at its entrance. [A. S. beorcan.] 

BARK (bark), n. Act of barking; sound made 
in barking; menacing cry of a dog, fox, wolf, 
or other animal. 

BARK (bark), n. 1. Rind or outer sheath en- 
veloping a tree. 2. Med. Peruvian bark. 3. 
Tanning. Epidermis of the oak, used in the 
preparation of leather. [A. S. beorgan, cover.] 

BARK (bark), v. [pr.p. BARK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BARKED (barkt).] I. vt. 1. Strip or peel the 
bark from. 2. Abrade or rub off, as the skin. 
3. Tan with bark. II. vi. 1. Shed bark; as the 
shellbark hickory tree. 2. Advertise by shouting. 

BARK (bark), n. 
Naut. 1. Three- 
masted vessel 
with no square 
sails on her 
mizzen-mast. 2. 
Any small ship; 
barge. [F r . 
barque.] 

BARKANTINE 
(bar'kan-ten), 

BARKEN TINE Bark - 

(bar'ken-ten), n. Naut. Bark in which the 
foremast is square-rigged, and the main-mast 
and mizzen-mast are schooner-rigged. 




BARKEEPER (bar'kep-er), n. Bartender. 

BARKER (barker), n. 1. One who or that which 
barks. 2. Street crier who advertises wares 
or entertainments. 3. Stripper of bark of 
trees for medicinal or other purposes. 

BARKY (bark'i), a. Consisting of bark; possess- 
ing or containing bark; resembling bark. 

BARLEY (bar'li), n. Grain of various species, 
used for food, but chiefly for making malt. 
[A. S. bere, barley.] 

BARLEYCORN (bar'li-karn), n. 1. Grain of 
barley. 2. Measure of length, equal to. the 
third of an inch. 

BARLEY-SUGAR (bar'li-shog-ar), n. Sugar 
boiled with barley-water till brittle. 

BARLEY-WATER (bar'li-wa-ter), n. Cooling 
drink made by boiling pearl-barley In 
water. 

BARM (barm), n. Froth of fermenting beer or 
other liquor used as leaven; yeast. [A. S. 
beorma, yeast.] 

BARMY (barm'i), a. 1. Pertaining to barm or 
yeast; containing barm or yeast. 2. Acting 
like barm; effervescent; fermenting; frothy. 

BARN (barn), n. Storehouse for grain, hay, etc.; 
stable. [A. S. berern; from bere, barley, and 
ern, storehouse.] 

BARN (barn), vt. [pr.p. BARN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. EARNED (barnd).] Store in a barn. 

BARNACLE (bar'na-kl), n. 1. Shell-fish, which 
adhere to the bottoms of ships, etc. 2. Per- 
sistent officeholder. 3. Kind of wild goose. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

BARN-OWL (barn'owl), n. Mottled gray and 
brown owl frequenting barns and granaries. 

BARNSTORMER (barn'starm-er), n . Name 
given to itinerant actor visiting country towns 
where there is no regular theater. 

BAROGRAPH (bar'6-graf), n. Automatic 

meteorological instrument for recording at- 
mospheric pressure. [Gr. baros, weight, and 
-GRAPH.] 

BAROGYROSCOPE (bar-o-ji'ro-skop), n. Gyro- 
scopic machine to demonstrate the rotary 
movements of the earth and planets. 

BAROLOGY (bar-ol'o-ji), n. Science of weight, 
pressure and gravity. 

BAROMETER (ba-rom'e-ter), n. 
Instrument for measuring the 
pressure of the atmosphere. One 
form consists of a glass tube over 
30 ins. long closed at one end, 
filled with mercury, and inverted 
in a cup of mercury. The vacuum 
formed at top of mercury column 
indicates the pressure. [Gr. baros, 
weight, and metron, measure.] 

BAROMETRIC (bar-6-met'rik), 
BAROMETRICAL (bar-6-met'rik- 
al), a. Pertaining to the barometer. 

BAROMETRICALLY (bar-6-met'rik- 
al-i), adv. By means of baro- 
metric observation. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. 



BAROMETRY 



103 



BARRIER 



BAROMETRY (ba-rom'e-tri), n. Art or process 
of using the barometer. 

BARON (bar'un), n. [fern. BARONESS.] Mem- 
ber of an order of hereditary nobility ranking 
next after the counts in several countries of 
Europe. In England, baron is the lowest grade 
of rank in the House of Lords. [Fr., from L. L. 
baro, man, husband, baron.] 

BARONAGE (bar'un-aj), n. 1. Whole body of 
barons. 2. Position or rank of a baron. 3. 
Land or territory from which a baron derives 
his title. 

BARONESS (bar'un-es), n. 1. Wife or widow 
of a baron. 2. Woman who holds a baronetcy 
in her own right. 

BARONET (bar'un-et), n. Hereditary English 
title or degree of honor next below a baron 
and above a knight. 

BARONETAGE (bar'un-et-aj), n. 1. Whole 
order of baronets. 2. Rank, state, or position 
of a baronet. 

BARONETCY (bar'un-et-si), n. [pi. BAR'ON- 
NETCIES.] Title or rank of a baronet. 

BARONIAL (ba-ro'ni-al), a. Pertaining to a 
baron, or to the order of barons. 

BARONY (bar'un-i), n. [pi. BAR'ONIES.] 1. 
Rank or position of a baron. 2. Land or ter- 
ritory which gives title to a baron. 

BAROQUE (ba-rok'), a. Arch. Grotesque; fan- 
tastic; rococo. [Fr.] 

BAROSCOPE (bar o-skop), n. Kind of barom- 
eter. [Gr. baros, weight, and skoped, view.] 

BAROTHER3IOGRAPH (bar-o-ther'mo-graf), 
n. Recording instrument for both atmos- 
pheric temperature and pressure. 

BAROUCHE (ba-rosh'), n. Double-seated four- 
wheeled carriage with a falling top. [L. birotus, 
two-wheeled.] 

BARQUE (bark), w. Archaic spelling for BARK, 
a vessel. 

BARRACK (bar'ak), n. [Generally in pi.] Large 
building or other structure for the lodgment 
of soldiers, or for some similar purpose. [Fr. 
baroque.'] 

BARRACOON (bar'a-kon), n. African fortified 
slave depot. [Sp. barraca, barrack.] 

BARRACOUTA (bar-a-ko'ta), n. Smooth- 
skinned shark-like fish found in tropical seas. 
[Sp. barracuta.~\ 

BARRAKAN (bar-ak-an'), n. Cloth made of 
camel's hair or Cashmere wool. [Ar. bar- 
rakan, camel's hair cloth. 

B ARRAS (bar'as), n. Resinous gum of the tree 
Pinus tnaritima, which is the basis of Bur- 
gundy pitch. [Fr.] 

BARRATOR (bar'a-tur), n. One who commits 
barratry; an encourager of litigation. [O. Fr. 
barat, fraud.] 

BARRATROUS (bar'a-trus), a. Pertaining to 
barratry; involving the commission of bar- 
ratry. 

BARRATRY (bar'a-tri), n. [pi. BAR'RATRIES.] 
Law. 1. Practice of exciting or encouraging 



lawsuits. 2. Any kind of fraud by a ship- 
master or mariner, by which the owners, 
freighters, or insurers are injured. [Fr. bar- 
raterie; from O. Fr. barat, fraud.] 

BARRED-OWL (bard'owl), n. Dark-brown 
American owl with cross breast-stripes. 

BARREL (bar'el), n. 1. Round oblong vessel, 
bulging in the middle, built of staves, girt with 
hoops and closed at both ends. 2. Quantity 
such a vessel will contain. In U. S. a wine 
barrel holds 31 gallons, a flour barrel 196 
pounds. 3. Any similar thing, round, hollow 
and long, as the barrel of a gun. 4. Funds of 
any political party in the U. S. during a cam- 
paign. [L. L. barile, barrel.] 

BARREL (bar'el), vt. [pr.p. BAR'RELING; p.t. 
and p.p. BARRELED (bar 'eld).] Put or pack 
in a barrel or barrels. _; 

BARRELED (bar'eld), a. In composition, hav- 
ing a barrel or barrels. 

BARREL CACTUS. Same as VIZNAGA. 

BARREL-HOUSE (bar el-hows), n. Low drink- 
ing place where beer and liquors are sold only 
from the barrel. 

BARREL-ORGAN (bar'el-ar-gan), n. Organ 
having cylinder with pegs or pins to open valves 
to produce music through admitting pipes. 

BARREL-PROCESS (bar'el-pros-es), n. Metal. 
Ore-refining and reduction with chemicals 
in a metal barrel or cylinder. 

BARREL-PUMP (bar'el-pump), n. Pump 
specially constructed to remove fluids from 
barrels either by suction or by pressure. 

BARREN (bar'en), a. Sterile; unfruitful; un- 
proliflc; unproductive. [O. Fr. baraigne.] 
SYN. Unfertile; issueless; inoperative. 
ANT. Productive; prolific; fertile; fruitful; 
pregnant. 

BARREN (bar'en), n. Unproductive tract of 
land, as the pine barrens of South Carolina. 

BARRENLY (bar'en-li), adv. In a barren 
manner. 

BARRENNESS (bar'en-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing barren. 

BARRICADE (bar'i-kad), BARRICADO (bar- 
i-ka'do), n. 1. Hastily formed rampart of 
casks, earth, trees, vehicles, etc., designed 
to impede the advance of a suddenly declared 
foe. 2. Any hastily constructed barrier. 3. 
Any bar or obstruction closing a passage. 
[Fr. from barrique, cask.] 

BARRICADE (bar'i-kad), vt. [pr.p. BARRI- 
CADING; p.t. and p.p. BAR'RICADED.] Ob- 
struct by means of a barricade. 

BARRICO (bar-re'ko), n. Keg or small barrel 
for wine. [Sp. barrico, little barrel.] 

BARRIER (bar'i-er), n. 1. Obstruction of any 
material kind erected to bar the progress of 
a person or thing, to constitute a boundary 
line, or for any other similar purpose. 2. 
Mentally formed obstacle, obstruction or 
hindrance. 3. Mentally formed boundary 
or limit. [Fr. barriered 



fi,te f fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BARRIER-GATE 



104 



BASE 



SYN. Stoppage; check; bar; wall; 
encumbrance; impediment. ANT. Aid; 
help; support; advance; relief. 
BARRIER-GATE (bar'i-er-gat), n. Outer gate 

of double gates in a walled city. 
BARRING (bar'ing), prep. Excepting. 
BARRING-OUT (bar-ing-owf), n. Exclusion, 
especially of a schoolmaster by pupils 
in sport, by locking or barricading the 
door. 
BARRISTER (bar'is-ter), n, In England, a 
member of the legal profession who has been 
admitted to practice at the bar; counselor-at- 
law; attorney-at-law ; lawyer. [BAR, of 
which a barrister is a member.] 
BARROOM (bar'rom), n. Room where liquors 

are sold and drunk; dram-shop; saloon. 
BARROW (bar'6), n. 1. Frame of wood with 
two shafts or handles at each end, to be car- 
ried by two men; hand-barrow. 2. Small 
cart with one wheel placed in front, and 
handles in the rear; wheelbarrow. [A. S. 
beretve; from beran, bear.] 
BARROW (bar'6), n. Artificial mound or tu- 
mulus, of stones or earth, piled up over 
the remains of the dead. [A. S. beorgan, 
hide.] 
BARROW-TRUCK (bar'6-truk), n. Hand truck 
on two wheels used for handling baggage and 
merchandise. 
BAR-SHOE (bar'sho), n. Horseshoe bound 

with protecting bar at heel. 
BAR-SHOT (bar 'shot), n. Bar with a shot or 

ball at each end. 
BARTENDER (bar'tend-er), n. One whose 

business is to serve liquors at a bar. 
BARTER (barter), v. [pr.p. BARTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BARTERED (bar'terd).] I. vt. 
Exchange, as one thing for another. II. vi. 
Traffic by exchange of commodities. [O. Fr. 
bareter.] 
BARTER (bar 'ter), n. 1. Exchange of commod- 
ities. 2. Article given in exchange. 
BARTERER (bar'ter-er), n. One who barters. 
BARYCENTRIC (bar-i-sen'trik), a. Pertaining 
to the center of gravity. [Gr. barys, heavy, 
and kentrikos, of or from the center.] 
BARYTA (ba-ri'ta), n. Chem. An oxide of 

barium. [Gr. barytes, weight.] 
BARYTES (ba-ri'tez), n. Same as BARITE. 
BARYTIC (ba-rit'ik), a. Pertaining to, formed 

of, or containing barite or baryta. 
BARYTONE, BARITONE (bar'i-ton), I. a. 
Music. Having a register between bass and 
tenor. II. n. Music. 1. Male voice between 
a bass and a tenor. 2. One having such a 
voice. 3. Brass instrument having a deep, 
heavy tone. 4. Gr. Gram. Word not marked 
with an accent on the last syllable. [Gr. barys, 
heavy, and tonos, tone.] 
BASAL (ba'saD. «• Fundamental; pertaining 
to the base of anything; situated at, or spring- 
ing from, the base. 




Basalt formation. 
Fingal's Cave, Scotland. 



BASALT (ba- 
salt'), a. Hard, 
dark- colored 
rock of igneous 
origin. [L. ba- 
suites, Ethio- 
pian marble.] 
BASALTIC (ba- 
salt'ik), a. Of 
or pertaining 
to basalt; con- 
taining basalt. 
BASANITE (bas'a-nit), n. 1. Jeweler's touch- 
stone for testing precious metals with acids. 
2. Lydian stone, a velvety black silicious or 
flinty jasper. 3. Basic volcanic rock, con- 
sisting essentially of auglte, nephelin, olivin, 
and plagioclase. [Gr. basanos, touchstone.] 
BAS-BLEU (ba-blu'), n. Literary lady; blue- 
stocking. [Fr.] 
BASCINET (bas'si-net), n. Light helmet worn 
by English infantry in olden times. So called 
from its similarity to a basin. [L. L. bacinetum, 
basin.] 
BASCULE (bas'kul), I. n. Mechan. Balancing 
lever; any device or apparatus constructed on 
the principle of equilibration. II. a. Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of a bascule, as a 
bascule bridge. [Fr. bascule, equilibration.] 
BASE (bas), a. 1. Pertaining to a base, as base 
hit, base line, etc. 2. Low in value; debased; 
spurious. 3. Low in origin, station or rank; 
mean. 4. Humble; abject. 5. Low in senti- 
ment, ideas, or morals; sordid; dishonorable; 
vile. 6. Music. Deep-toned or grave, usually 
written bass. [Fr. bas; L.L. bassus, low.] 

SYN. Low; mean; sordid; dishonorable; 
vile; degraded; ignoble; debased; abject; 
worthless. ANT. Exalted; esteemed; noble; 
honorable; worthy. 
BASE (bas), n. 1. That on which a thing rests; 
foundation; support. 2. That end of any- 
thing which is broad and thick, as the base 
of a cone. 3. Place of starting, as in a race, 
game of baseball, etc.; any one of the four 
starting and stopping points on the diamond 
field in baseball. 4. Chem. That which with 
an acid unites to form a salt. 5. Mil. Basis 
or point from which an army operates and is 
supplied. 6. Music. Lowest or gravest part, 
whether vocal or instrumental. 7. Arch. 
Part of a column between the bottom of the 
shaft and the top of the pedestal. 8. Sculpt. 
Pedestal of a statue. 9. Fort. Exterior side 
of a polygon, or the imaginary line connecting 
the salient angles of two adjacent bastions. 
10. Ordnance. Protuberant rear-portion of a 
gun, between the knot of the cascabel and the 
base-ring. 11. Zool. That portion of anything 
by which it is attached to anything else of 
higher value or signification. 12. Bot. That 
part of a leaf adjoining the leaf-stalk; that 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BASE 



105 



BASIS 



portion of a pericarp which adjoins the pedun- 
cle, or anything similarly situated. 13. Dye- 
ing. Substance used as a mordant. 14. Sports. 
Old English game, also called prisoner's base. 
15. Trigonom. Same as BASE-LINE. [Gr. 
oasis, stepping, base; from baino, go.] 

BASE (bas), vt. [pr.p. BA'SING; p.U and p.p. 
BASED (bast).] 1. Set or place on its base. 
2. Lay the base or foundation of; found; 
establish. 

BASEBALL (bas'bal), n. 1. Game played with 
bat and ball on a diamond field having four 
bases 2. Ball used in playing this game. 

BASE-BAR (bas'bar), n. Her. Lower part of a 
shield. 

BASEBOARD (bas'bord), n. Arch. Board form- 
ing base of a wall in a room. 

BASEBORN (bas 'barn), a. Born of low parent- 
age; vile; mean. 

BASE-BURNER (bas'burn-er), n. Stove in 
which the draft is from the top, causing the 
fuel to burn at the base. 

BASE-HIT (bas'hit), n. Baseball. Hit which 
enables the batsman to make first base. 

BASELESS (bas'les), a. 1. Without a base. 2. 
Groundless; unfounded. 

BASE-LEVEL (bas'lev-el), n. Lowest level to 
which a stream is capable of eroding the land, 
the height of its point of discharge preventing 
any deeper erosion. 

BASE-LINE (bas'lin), n. 1. Survey. Principal 
line, measured with the greatest precision, on 
which a triangle or a series of triangles may 
be constructed, whereby other positions may 
be determined. 2. Persp. Line drawn at 
the extremity of the principal visual ray, and 
perpendicular to it. 

BASELY (bas'li), adv. In a base manner. 

BASEMAN (bas'man), n. [pi. BASEMEN.] 

Baseball. Player stationed at a base, first, 
second or third. 

BASEMENT (bas'ment), n. Lowest story of a 
building; specifically, a sunken story; floor 
below the main floor. 

BASENESS (bas'nes), n. Quality of being 
base. 

BASErPLATE (bas'plat), n. Bed or foundation 
plate of machinery, masonry or other heavy 
structure. 

BASE-RING (bas'ring), n. Molding on the 
breach of a cannon, between the base and 
the first reinforce. 

BASH (bash), vt. [pr.p. BASH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BASHED (basht).] Annihilate by striking. 

BASHAW (ba-sha'), n. 1. Same as PASHA. 
2. Haughty, overbearing, and tyrannical per- 
son. [Turk, bdshd.] 

BASHFUL (bash'fQl), a. Easily abashed or con- 
fused; diffident. [From root of ABASH.] 

SYN. Shy; sheepish; coy; modest; re- 
tiring; timid; reserved. ANT. Bold; impu- 
dent, forward; egotistic, conceited; ostenta- 
tious; brazen. 



BASHFULLY (bash'fol-i), adv. In a bashful 
manner. 

BASHFULNESS (bash'fol-nes), n. State or 
quality of being bashful. 

SYN. Shyness; diffidence; modesty; coy- 
ness; reserve. ANT. Assumption; bold- 
ness; arrogance; impudence; conceit; self- 
confidence. 

BASHI-BAZOUK (bash-i-ba-zok'), n. Turkish 
guerrilla or irregular soldier of any kind. 
[Turk.] 

BASIC (ba'sik), a. 1. Pertaining to or consti- 
tuting a base. 2. Chem. Having the base 
atomically greater than that of the acid or 
that of the related neutral salt. 

BASIFIER (ba'si-fi-er), n. Chem. That which 
basifies. 

BASIFY (ba'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. BA'SIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. BASIFIED (ba'sl-fid).] Chem. Con- 
vert into a base. 

BASIL (baz'il), n. Aromatic culinary herb, 
allied to thyme. [Gr. basilikos, royal.] 

BASIL (baz'il), n. Slope at the edge of a chisel, 
plane, etc.; bezel. 

BASIL (baz'il), n. Tanned sheepskin, used in 
bookbinding. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BASILAR (bas'i-lar), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
base of anything. 2. Anat. Pertaining to any 
portion of the frame which forms a basis for 
other portions. 

BASILIC (ba-sil'ik), a. 1. Arch. Pertaining to 
a basilica. 2. Anat. Pertaining to the basilic 
vein, the largest vein of the arm. [Gr. basili- 
feos, royal.] 

BASILICA (ba-sil'i-ka), n. 1. Arch. Oblong 
public building, furnished with double colon- 
nades or aisles. 2. In the Middle Ages, a 
large canopied tomb of an important person- 
age. [Gr. basilikos, royal.] 

BASILICAN (ba-sil'i-kan;, a. Basilic. 

BASILICON (ba-sil'i-kon), n. Ointment or 
salve, composed of yellow wax, black 
pitch, resin, and olive oil. [Gr. basilikos t 
royal.] 

BASILISK (baz'i-lisk), n. 
having a crest like 
a crown. 2. Kind of 
crested lizard (Ba- 
siliscus mitratus) . \ 
(Gr. basiliskos, dim. 
of basileus, king.] 

BASIN (ba'sn), n. 1. 
Open vessel in which 
to wash the face, 
hands, etc. 2. Anything of similar form. 3. 
Area drained by a river and its tributaries. 
4. Dock. 5. Land-locked bay. 6. Concave metal 
by which convex glasses are formed. [Fr. 
bassin,.] 

BASINED (ba'snd), a. Enclosed in a basin. 

BASINET (bas'i-net), n. Same as BASCINET. 

BASIS (ba'sis), n. [pi. BASES (ba'sez).] 1. 
Foundation on which a thing rests. 2. Ground- 



1. Fabulous serpent 




Basilisk. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BASK 



106 



BASTE 



> 



work or first principle. 3. Chief ingredient. 
[Gr. basis, step, foot, foundation.] 

BASK (bask), v. [pr.p. BASKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BASKED (baskt).] I. vt. Place in the sun with 
the view of being warmed by its heat; expose 
(one's self) to warmth. II. vi. Luxuriate in 
warmth; lie in genial warmth; repose amid 
genial influences. [Ice. bathask, bathe one's 
self.] 

BASKET (bas'ket), n. 1. Vessel made of plaited 
twigs, rushes, or other flexible materials. 2. 
Basketful. 3. Fort. Gabion. 4. Basket- 
hilt. [Wei. basged.] 

BASKET-BALL (bas'ket-bal), n. Game played 
with a ball resembling a football, a basket 
being suspended at either end of the place in 
which the game is played, the object being to 
lodge the ball in the opponent's basket. 

BASKET-FISH (bas'ket-fish), n. Species of 
starfish. 

BASKETFUL (bas'ket-fol), n. As much as will 
fill a basket. 

BASKET-HILT (bas'ket-hilt), n. Hilt of a sword, 
shaped somewhat like a basket, so as to con- 
tain the whole hand; basket-shaped guard at 
hilt of sword. 

BASKET-WORK (bas'ket- wurk), n. Work of 
plaited osiers or twigs; wicker-work. 

BASKING-SHARK (bask'ing-shark), n. Largest 
known shark ( Cetorhinus maximus), also 
called sail-fish and sun-fish from its habit of 
lying motionless on the surface of the water 
In the sun, and from the sail-like aspect of the 
high first dorsal fin. 

BASON (ba'sn), n. Iron felting furnace for hats. 

Basque (bask), i. a. of or 

pertaining to the Basque 
race or language. II. n. 1. 
One of the Basque race, 
which once probably oc- 
cupied the whole Iberian 
peninsula, now dwelling 
partly in the S. W. corner 
of France, but mostly in 
the N. of Spain adjacent 
to the Pyrenees. 2. Bas- 
que language. [Fr.] 

BASQUE (bask), n. Jacket 
or dress-waist having a 

short skirt, worn by women, copied probably 
from the Basque costume. 

BAS-RELIEF (ba-re-lef), BASS-RELIEF (bas- 
re-lef'), n. Sculpture in which the figures do 
not stand far out from the ground on which 
they are formed. [It. basso rilievo. See BASE, 
low, and RELIEF.] 

BASS (bas), I. n. 1. Low or grave part in music. 
2. One who sings bass, or instrument which 
plays the bass part, as bass-drum, fcass-horn, 
ftass-viol. II. a. Low; deep; grave. [See 
BASE, low.] 

BASS (bas), n. [pi. BASS.] Food fish of several 
species. [A. S. beast.] 




Basque. 



BASS (bas), n. American linden-tree. [A. S. 
bcest, linden-tree.] 

BASS-BAR (bas'bar), n. Music. Inner stay of 
violin to resist bridge pressure. 

BASS-CLARIONET (bas-klar'i-o-net), BASS- 
CLARINET (bas-klar'i-net), n. Clarionet 
pitched octave lower than the regular instru- 
ment. 

BASS-DRUM (bas'drum), n. Drum of largest size 
with deep low tone. 

BASSET (bas'et), n. Card game somewhat 
similar to faro. [Fr. bassette; from L. bassus, 
low.] 

BASSET (bas'et), n. Short-legged sporting dog 
somewhat resembling the dachshund, but 
considerably larger, used in tracking deer, 
foxes, etc., and driving them out of coverts. 
[Fr.] 

BASSINET (bas'i-net), n. 1. Bascinet. 2. 
Cradle of wicker-work with a hood. [Fr.] 

BASSO (bas'so), n. 1. The bass in music. 2. 
One who sings bass. [It.] 

BASSOON (bas-son'), n. Reed wind instrument 
of bass note. [It. bassone, augmentative of 
basso, low.] 

BASSOONIST (bas-son'ist), n. Performer on the 
bassoon. 

BASSO-RILIEVO (bas-so-re-lya'vo), n. Same 
as BAS-RELIEF. 

BASSORINE (bas'so-rin), n. Chem. Mucilage 
found in gum-tragacanth, which forms a 
jelly with water, but does not dissolve in it. 
[Bassora, Asiatic Turkey.] 

BASS-RELIEF (bas-re-lef), n. Same as BAS- 
RELIEF. 

BASS-VIOL (bas-vi'ul), n. Violin for playing 
bass; violoncello. 

BAST (bast), n. 1. Inner bark of the lime and 
other trees. 2. Rope or matting made of it. 
[A. S. bwst, lime-tree.] 

BASTARD (bas'tard), I. n. One born out of 
wedlock. II. a. Illegitimate; spurious. [Fr. 
batard.] 

BASTARDIZE (bas'tard-Iz), vt. [pr.p. BAS'- 
TARDIZING; p.t. and p.p. BASTARDIZED 
(bas'tard-izd).] Render illegitimate or ab- 
normal. 

BASTARDLY (bas'tard-li), I. adv. Like a bas- 
tard. II. a. Spurious; counterfeit; not really 
what it looks like or is called after. 

BASTARD TITLE (bas'tard ti'tl). Print. Abbre- 
viated title on a page preceding the full title- 
page of a book. 

BASTARD-WING (bas'tard-wing), n. Three or 
four quill-like feathers placed at a small joint 
in the middle of a bird's wing. 

BASTARDY (bas'tard-i), n. 1. State or con- 
dition of being a bastard. 2. Unlawful pater- 
nity. 

BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. 
BA'STED.] Sew lightly or with long stitches. 
[O. Fr. bastir.] 

BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BASTE 



107 



BATON 



BA'STED.] Drip fat or anything similar over, 
as over meat while roasting. 

BASTE (bast), vt. [pr.p. BA'STING; p.t. and p.p. 
BA'STED.] Beat with a cudgel; thrash; flog; 
whip; beat. [Ice. beysta, beat.] 

BASTILE, BASTILLE (bas-tel'), n. 1. Parisian 
state-prison and fortress, demolished by the 
enraged populace in 1789. 2. [b-] Any prison. 
[O. Fr. bastille, fortress.] 

BASTINADE (bas-ti-nad'), BASTINADO (bas- 
ti-na'do), n. Beating with a stick; mode of 
punishment in the East by beating an offender 
on the soles of the feet. [Sp. bastonada; from 
baston, cudgel.] 

BASTINADO (bas-ti-na'do), vt. [pr.p. BAS- 
TINADOING; p.t. and p.p. BASTINA'DOED.] 
Inflict bastinado on; beat with a stick on the 
soles of the feet; cudgel. [Sp. baston, cudgel.] 

BASTION (bast'yun), n. Fort. Projecting mass 
of earth or masonry having two faces and two 
flanks. [Fr., from O. Fr. bastir, bind.] 

BASTON (bas'tun), n. Arch. Bound molding 
in the base of a column. [Fr.] 

BASUTOLAND (ba-so'to-land), n. British 
colony In S. Africa. Area 10,293 sq. m. 

BAT (bat), n. 1. Club, or anything similar used 
to strike the ball in baseball or cricket. 2. 
One who handles the bat in a game of ball or 
cricket; batsman. 3. Batting. 4. Piece of 
brick used as a weapon; brickbat. [Celt, bat, 
from the root of BEAT.] 

BAT (bat), v. [pr.p. BAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
BATTED.] I. vt. Strike at or hit with a club 
or bat, as in baseball or cricket. II. vi. Use 
the bat in play- 
ing baseball or 
other game. 

BAT (bat), n. 
Flying mam- 
mal which 
feeds on in- 
sects, etc., gen- 
us Chiroptera. 

BaTAVIA (ba-ta'vi-a), n. Capital and sea- 
port Dutch East Indies, on Island of Java. 

BATCH (bach), n. Quantity of bread baked or 
anything made at one time. [From BAKE!.] 

BATE (bat), v. [pr.p. BA'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
BA'TED.] I. vt. 1. Beat down or lower; 
diminish; abate. 2. Deduct. II. vi. 1. Be- 
come less; diminish. 2. Remit; retrench. 
— Bated breath, breath diminished by artificial 
restraint. [Abbrev. from ABATE.] 

BATEAU (ba-to'), n. [pi. BATEAUX (ba-toz').] 
Long light boat, wide in the middle as com- 
pared with the ends. [Fr.] 

BATEAU-BRIDGE (ba-to'brij), n. Floating 
bridge supported by bateaux; pontoon bridge. 

BAT-FISH (bat'flsh), n. Various species of fish 
with extra fins resembling a bat's wings. 

BAT-FOWLING (bat'fowl-ing), n. Mode of 
catching birds at night, by holding a light 
before a net, and beating the roost. 




Bat. 



BATH (bath), n. [pi. BATHS (baffcz).] 1. Act of 
bathing; ablution. 2. Water or other liquid for 
bathing in. 3. House or other place for bath- 
ing. 4. Vessel holding a liquid to immerse 
anything in. 5. Chem. Substance to regulate 
or modify the degree of heat of a body im- 
mersed in it. 6. Med. Any substance used as 
a medium for immersing the body, or any 
portion of it, for the maintenance or recovery 
of health or strength. The most common 
media are water of various temperatures, 
watery vapors, and air. 7. [B-] Her. Order 
of British nobility. [A. S. bceth, bath.] 
BATHE (hath), v. [pr.p. BATHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BATHED (baffrd).] I. vt. 1. Wash or Im- 
merse, as in a bath. 2. Med. Foment or 
moisten, as a wound for the purpose of cleans- 
ing and soothing it. II. vi. Enter or lie in 
the bath; take a bath. [A. S. badian, from 
bceth, bath.] 
BATHER (ba 'ther), n. One who bathes. 
BATHETIC (ba-thet'ik), a. Inclined to bathos. 
BATH-HOUSE (bath'hows), n. House where 
bathing conveniences are supplied; bathing 
establishment. 
BATHING (ba'tMng), n. Act of immersing the 

body in water; ablution. 
BATHOLITE (bath'o-lit), n. Submarine Ig- 
neous rock that never rises above the surface. 
BATHOMETER (bath-om'e-ter), n. Instrument 

for measuring depths of the sea. 
BATHOS (ba'thos), n. Ludicrous descent from 
the elevated to the mean in writing or speech. 
[Gr. from bathys, deep.] 
BATHROBE (bath'rob), n. Loose robe worn 

just before and after bathing. 
BATHROOM (bath'rom), n. Room fitted with 
bathtub and other conveniences for bathing. 
BATHTUB (bath tub), n. Large oblong vessel, 

convenient for bathing. 
BATHYBIUS (ba-thib'bi-us), n. Biol. Form- 
less mass of albuminous slime, found at the 
bottom of some parts of the deep sea, once 
thought to be abiogenetic protoplasm, but 
now held to be protoplasmic debris of the 
protozoa which sink to the bottom as they die 
and deposit this slimy material. [Gr. bathys, 
deep, and bios, life.] 
BATHYMETER (ba-thim'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for sounding the depths of the sea. [Gr. 
bathys, deep, and metron, measure.] 
BATISTE (ba-test), n. Extra-fine linen cam- 
bric or lawn. 
BATOIDEI (ba-toi'de-i), n.pl. Suborder of 
fishes including the rays. [Gr. batis, ray, and 
eidos, form.] 
BATON (bat'un, or Fr. ba-tang'), n. Short 
staff or rod, used as a symbol of authority, 
offensive weapon, or for giving directions, as 
the baton of one who conducts a musical enter- 
tainment. [Fr.] 
BATON (bat'un), vt. [pr.p. BAT'ONING; p.t. 
and p.p. BATONED (bat'und).] Cudgel; beat. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



BATRACHIA 



108 



BAUBLE 



> 



BATRACHIA (bsi-tra'ki-a), n.pl. Order of 
amphibians, including frogs, toads and other 
reptiles. [Gr. batrachos, frog.] 

BATRACHIAN (ba-tra'ki-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to the Batrachia. II. n. An animal of this 
order. 

BATRACHITE (bat'ra-kit), n. Fossil batra- 
chian. 

BATRACHOID (bat'ra-koid), a. Having the 
form of a frog. 

BATSMAN (bats'man), n. [pi. BATS'MEN.] 
One who wields the bat, as in baseball, cricket, 
etc. 

BATTA (bat'a), n. Allowance, in addition to 
their pay, made to troops in India when in the 
field. [Hind.] 

BATTALIA (bat-ta'li-a), n. Order of battle; 
battle-array. [L. L. battalia, battle.] 

BATTALION (bat-tal'yun), n. Mil. 1. Body of 
troops. 2. Two or more companies from one 
regiment, or from several regiments, con- 
stituting a unit for maneuvers and instruction. 
3. Any body of disciplined or drilled men, as 
a battalion of army engineers, battalion of 
firemen, battalion of policemen, etc. [Fr. 
bataillon; from L. L. battalia, battle.] 

BATTALIONED (bat-tal'yund), a. Formed into 
battalions. 

BATTEL (bat'l), n. Old spelling for BATTUE. 
— Wager of battel, trial by single combat for 
the decision of causes between parties. 

BATTEN (bat'n), v. [pr.p. BATTENING; pd. 
and p.p. BATTENED (bat'nd).] I. vt. 1. Fat- 
ten. 2. Fertilize or enrich. II. vi. 1. Grow 
fat. 2. Live in luxury. [Ice. batna, grow 
better.] 

BATTEN (bat'n), n. Narrow strip or slat of 
wood; cleat. [Fr. baton, baton.] 

BATTEN (bat'n), vt. [pr.p. BATTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. BATTENED (bat'nd).] Furnish or 
fasten with battens. 

BATTENING (bat'n-ing), n. 1. Act of attaching 
battens to walls for nailing up laths. 2. The 
battens thus attached. 

BATTER (bat'er), v. [pr.p. BATTERING; p.t. 
and p.p. BATTERED (bat'erd).] I. vt. 1. Beat 
with successive blows. 2. Wear with beating 
or use. 3. Mar; bruise; dent. II. vi. Pound 
away steadily and continuously. [Fr. battre, 
beat.] 

BATTER (bat'er), n. 1. Thin mixture of several 
ingredients, as flour, eggs, milk, etc., beaten 
together. 2. Print. Types injured in a form 
or otherwise. [Fr. battre.] 

BATTER (bat'er), n. Backward slope in a wall 
to make the plumb-line fall within the base, 
as in railway cuttings, embankments, etc. 

BATTER (bat'er), n. Print. Bruise on the face of 
paged type or of a plate. 

BATTER (bat'er), n. Batsman. 

BATTER (bat'er), n. Ceram. Mallet used to 
flatten out lumps of clay. 

BATTERED (bat'erd), a. Having marks in- 



dicating that it has been subjected to blows; 
dented; bruised. 

BATTERER (bat'er-er), n. One who or that 
which batters. 

BATTERING-GUN (bat'er-ing-gun), n. MU. 
Heavy gun to act against strong defensive 
works. 

BATTERING-RA3I (bat'er-ing-ram), n. 1. Mil. 
Ancient military engine used to batter the 
walls of besieged places. 2. Blacksmith's 
heavy hammer, slung and worked horizon- 
tally. 

BATTERING-TRAIN (bat'er-ing-tran), n. Mil. 
Artillery train for siege operations. 

BATTERY (bat'er-i), n. [pi. BATTERIES.] 1. 
Number of cannon with their equipment. 2. 
Place on which cannon are mounted. 3. Men 
and horses attending a battery. 4. Elec. Ap- 
paratus for generating or storing electricity. 
5. Unlawful beating or even touching of a per- 
son. 6. Catcher and pitcher of a baseball 
team. [Fr. batterie] 

BATTING (bating), n. 1. Cotton or wool in 
sheets, prepared for quilts, etc. 2. Wielding 
of a bat at play. 

BATTLE (bat'l), n. 1. Contest between opposing 
military or naval forces. 2. Any contest. 
[Fr. bataille.] 

SYN. Fight; encounter; combat; conflict; 
engagement; action; struggle; skirmish; 
bout; affair. ANT. Peace; truce; armistice. 

BATTLE (bat'l), vi. [pr.p. BATTLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BATTLED (bat'ld).] 1. Fight a battle; 
take part in a battle. 2. Contend in a conflict 
of any kind; contend; struggle; fight. 

BATTLE-AX, BATTLE-AXE (bat l-aks),n. Ax 
formerly used in battle. 

BATTLEDORE (bat'l-d6r),w. Small 
racket, used in playing shuttle- 
cock. [Sp. balidor, beater.] 

BATTLE-FIELD (bat'1-feld), n. 
Extended area where a battle is 
fought. 

BATTLEMENT (bat'1-ment), n. 
Notched parapet, originally for 
defense, but now used on edi- 
fices for ornament. 

BATTLE-PIECE (bat'1-pes), n. 1. Picture rep- 
resenting a battle. 2. Musical composition 
imitative of baltle. 

BATTLE-ROYAL (bat'1-roi-al), n. Fight in 
which more than two are engaged. 

BATTLE-SHIP (bat'1-ship), n. Warship of the 
largest class. 

BATTOLOGY (bat-tol'o-ji), n. Needless tau- 
tology. [Gr. battos, stammer, and logos, 
speech.] 

BAUBLE (ba'bl), n. 1. Piece of tinsel; gewgaw; 
child's plaything; something showy but of 
trifling value. 2. Short stick or wand, with 
a head having asses' ears carved at the end 
of it, carried by the court fools or jesters of 
former times. [O. Fr. baubel, child's toy.] 




Battle-ax. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BAUXITE 



109 



BEAD 



BAUXITE (boz'it), n. Clayey hydrate of 

alumina. 
BAVARIA (ba-va/ri-a), n. State of German 

t Empire. Area 29,262 sq. m. 

BAWD (bad), n. Procuress. [O. Fr. baude, bold.] 

BAWDILI (bad'i-li), adv. Obscenely; lewdly. 

BAWDINESS (bad'i-nes), n. Obscenity; lewd- 
ness; unchasteness. 

BAWDY (bad'i), a. Unchaste; lewd. 

BAWL (bal), v. [pr.p. BAWLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAWLED (bald).] I. vi. 1. Emit a loud sound 
with the voice; shout. 2. Cry loudly, as a 
child. II. vt. 1. Clamor against. 2. Pro- 
claim with a loud voice. [Ice. baula, low or 
bellow, as a cow.] 

BAWL (bal), n. Loud cry, wail, or shout. 

BAWLER (bal'er), n. One who bawls. 

BAT (ba), v. [pr.p. BAYING; p.t. and p.p. 
BAYED (bad).] I. vt. 1. Bark at; pursue with 
barking. 2. So to chase as to bring to a stand. 
II. vi. Bark, as a dog in hunting. [O. Fr. 
bayer, bark.] 

BAY (ba), n. 1. Bark of a dog, as when follow- 
ing game; barking. 2. State or condition of 
being compelled to turn upon pursuers from 
an inability to escape. — Keep at bay, ward 
off an attack, or keep an enemy from closing 
in; keep on one's guard. [O. Fr. abai, barking; 
from bayer, bark.] 

BAY (ba), n. 1. Recess of the shore. 2. Recess 
or opening in walls. 3. Roadstead. 4. Mill- 
pond. 5. Naut. That part on each side between 
decks which lies between the bitts. [Fr. bate — 
L. baia, harbor.] 

BAY (ba), I. a. Reddish-brown, inclining to 
chestnut. II. n. Bay horse. [Fr. bai — L. 
badius, chestnut-colored.] 

BAY (ba), n. 1. Laurel-tree. 2. [pi.] Honorary 
crown or garland of victory, originally of 
laurel. 3. [pi.] Literary renown. [Fr. bale, 
berry.] 

BAYBERRY (ba'ber-i), n. 1. Berry of the bay 
or laurel-tree; laurel-tree. 2. Berry of the 
wax-myrtle or the plant itself. 

BAYONET (ba'o-net), n. Dagger-like weapon 
attached to the muzzle of a rifle or other 
similar firearm. [Fr. baionette; from Bayonne, 
in France, where first made.] 

BAYONET (ba'o-net), vt. [pr.p. BAYONETING; 
p.t. and p.p. BAYONETED.] 1. Stab with 
the bayonet. 2. Charge with the bayonet; 
compel by hostile exhibition of the bayonet. 

BAYOU (bi'6), n. Sluggish inlet or outlet of a 
swamp near the sea; outlet of a gulf or lake. 
[Am. Ind.] 

BAYREUTH (bi'roit),n. 1. Section of Bavaria. 
2. City of Bavaria, site of the celebrated Wag- 
ner theater. 

BAY-RUM (ba-rum'), n. Aromatic liquid ob- 
tained by distilling rum in which leaves of 
the bayberry have been steeped. 

BAYS (baz), n.pl. See BAY, laurel-tree. 

BAY-TREE (ba'tre), n. 1. The bay (Laurus 



nobilis). 2. Laurel magnolia (Magnolia 
glauca). 3. California laurel (Umbellularia 
calif ornica) . 

BAY-WINDOW (ba-win'do), w. Arch. Window 
structure projecting beyond the line of a 
building and forming a recess in a room. 

BAY-WOOD (ba'wod), n. Kind of coarse ma- 
hogany from the West Indies. 

BAZAR, BAZAAR (ba-zar), n. 1. Eastern 
market-place or exchange. 2. Establishment 
for selling various kinds of fancy goods; fair 
for the sale of such goods for a benevolent 
object. [Pers. bazar, market.] 

BDELLID.^E (del'i-de), n.pl. Family of spiders, 
having their bodies divided by a constriction, 
and living among damp moss. [Gr. bdella, 
leech.] 

BDELLIUM (del'i-um), n. 1. Unknown sub- 
stance alluded to in the Bible (Gen. ii. 12). 
2. Aromatic gum-resin, produced by a tree 
in Arabia and the East Indies. [L., from Gr. 
bdellion.] 

BE (be), vi. [pr.p. BEING; p.t. WAS (woz), 
WAST (wozt), WERE (wer) ; p.p. BEEN (bin).] 

1. Exist. 2. Take place. 3. In most cases 
the verb be serves merely as copula between 
subject and predicate. [A. S. bean, be.] 

SYN. Subsist; live; stand; occur; arise; 
appear. ANT. Vanish; fade; dissolve; 
perish; disappear. 

BE-, prefix. 1. Signifies by, about, as in beside, 
befog. 2. In begin, behold, etc., it has lost its 
meaning. [A. S. bi=by.] 

BEACH (bech), n. Sandy sloping shore of sea 
or lake. [Etym. doubtful, probably from Ice. 
bakki, bank.] 

BEACH (bech), v. [pr.p. BEACHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BEACHED (becht).] I. vt. Run, drag, or 
drive upon a beach. II. vi. Be driven on a 
beach-strand. 

BEACHC03IBER (bech'kom-er), n. Frequent- 
er of docks and wharves, waiting for work. 

BEACHED (becht), a. 1. Having a beach. 2. 
Driven or dragged on a beach. 

BEACON (be'kn), n. 1. Fire on an eminence 
used as a sign of danger. 2. Warning or 
guiding signal of any nature. [A. S. been, sign.] 

BEACON (be'kn), v. [pr.p. BEACONING; p.t. 
and p.p. BEACONED (be'knd).] I. vt. 1. Light 
up with, or as with, a beacon. 2. Furnish with 
a beacon. II. vi. Serve as a beacon; afford 
light. 

BEACONAGE (be'kn-aj), n. 31oney paid for 
the maintenance of a beacon. 

BEAD (bed), n. 1. Small globe pierced for string- 
ing and forming into necklaces, rosaries, etc. 

2. Anything resembling a bead, as front sight 
on a gun, bubbles floating on the surface of 
liquors or appearing at the sides of the glass 
containing them. 3. Arch. Small bead-like 
rim planed on edges of planks, or other mate- 
rials at joints. [A. S. bed, gebed, prayer.] 

BEAD (bed), v. [pr.p. BEADING; p.t. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



BEADED 



110 



BEAR 



> 



BEAD'ED.] I. vt. Decorate with beads or 
beading. II. vi. 1. Form a string of beads. 
2. Form in beads or bubbles. 

BEADED (bed'ed), a. Decorated with beads; 
having beads or the appearance of beads. 

BEADING (bed'ing), n. 1. Beads collectively. 
2. Beaded fabrics. 3. Substance to form 
beads, as on liquors. 4. Arch. Beaded mold- 
ing. 

BEADING-PLANE (bed'ing-plan), n. Carpen- 
ter's plane used for beading wood for mold- 
ings. 

BEADLE (be'dl), n. 1. Messenger or crier of a 
court. 2. Petty officer of a church, parish, 
college, etc. [A. S. bydel — beodan, proclaim, 
bid.] 

BEAD-ROLL (bed'rol), n. 1. List of persons to 
be prayed for. 2. Any list. 

BE AD- WORK (bed'wurk), n. Ornamental 
work in beads. 

BEADY (bed'i), a. 1. Bead-shaped; like a bead 
or beads. 2. Ornamented with beads. 3. 
Having a bead, as wine. 

BEAGLE (be'gl), n. Small hunting hound. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

BEAK (bek), w.Bill 
of a bird; any- 
thing pointed or 
projecting. [Fr. 
bec s beak.] 

BEAKED (bekt), a. 1. 
like. 

BEAKER (bek'er), n. 
goblet. [Gr. bikos 




Beagle. 
Having a beak. 2. Beak- 



Large drinking-bowl or 
wine-vessel.] 

BEAM (bem), n. 1. Large and straight piece of 
timber or iron forming one of the main sup- 
ports of a building, ship, etc. 2. Part of a bal- 
ance from which the scales hang. 3. Board 
on which hides are dressed. 4. Greatest width 
of a ship. 5. 'Tart on the head of a stag which 
bears the antlers. 6. Pole of a carriage. 7. 
Main part of a plow. 8. Cylinder on which 
weavers wind the warp. 9. Shank of an 
anchor. 10. Ray of light. [A. S. beam, tree.] 

BEAM (bem), v. [pr.p. BEAMING; p.*. and p.p. 
BEAMED (bemd).] I. vt. Send forth; emit. 
II. vi. Send forth rays, as of light; shine forth. 

BEAM-ENGINE (bem'en-jin), n. Engine hav- 
ing piston act on a balanced beam instead of 
on a crank. 

BEAMING (bem'ing), I. a. Sending forth beams; 
shining; radiant; bright; cheerful. II. n. 1. 
State or quality of emitting beams. 2. Weav- 
ing. Operation of winding yarn upon the 
beam of a loom. 

BEAMY (bem'i), a. 1. Emitting beams; shining; 
radiant. 2. Having the massiveness or weight 
of a beam; massive; heavy. 3. Having antlers. 

BEAN (ben), n. Well-known cultivated legu- 
minous plant and its edible seed. [A. S.] 

BEAN-CAKE (ben'kak), n. Compressed beans 
from which the oil has been extracted and 
used as a fertilizer. 



BEAR (bar), v. [pr.p. BEARING; p.t. BORE 
(bor) ; p.p. BORNE (born) — when meaning 
"brought forth" the p.p. is BORN (barn).] I. 
vt. 1. Carry. 2. Support. 3. Wear. 4. Suffer. 
5. Endure. 6. Behave. 7. Cherish. 8. Ad- 
mit of. 9. Possess and use, as power. 10. 
Exhibit; display. 11. Press or thrust. 12. 
Be answerable for. 13. Have inscribed upon. 
14. Direct or manage. 15. Bring forth; 
give birth to; produce. II. vi. 1. Press; 
lean. 2. Take effect. 3. Be pertinent. 4. Be 
patient; endure. 5. Suffer. 6. 3Iove one's 
self; go. 7. Naut. Be situated as to the 
point of the compass, with regard to another 
object. 8. Take a certain direction or course. 
9. Be able to support or sustain. 10. Be 
fruitful; produce. [A. S. beran, bear.] 

STN. Weigh; convey; transport; carry; 
uphold; sustain; support; maintain; en- 
dure; undergo; brook; tolerate; suffer; 
cherish; entertain; harbor; admit; exhibit; 
show; produce; yield; beget. ANT. Drop; 
refuse; resign; expel; eject; resent; fail. 

BEAR (bar), n. 1. Plantigrade omnivorous quad- 
ruped belonging to the genus TJrsus, char- 
acterized by a large and heavy body, long 
shaggy hair, heavy limbs and non-retractile 
claws, which are hooked and well adapted for 
burrowing and tree-climbing. Among the 
best known species are the brown bear of 
Europe (Ursus arctos), the polar bear (TJrsus 
maritimus), the black bear (Ursus ameri- 
canus), and the grizzly bear (TJrsus horribilis), 
found chiefly on the Rocky Mountains. 2. 
Person who is rough and ill-mannered. 3. 
Astron. Either of two constellations, Ursa 
Major and Ursa Minor, called respectively 
the Great Bear and the Little Bear. 4. Stock 
Ex. One who endeavors or desires to depress 
or "squeeze" the market. 5. Naut. Block, 
shaggy below with matting, used to scrub the 
decks of vessels. 6. Name given by Eng- 
lish-speaking Australi- 
ans to the koala, a tree- 
climbing marsupial 
(Phascolarctus cinereus) 
which looks 
like a bear. 
7. Mass of 
malleable iron 
left in iron \ 
furnace after 
blast. [A. S. 
bera; Ice. bera; 
Ger. bar. Per- 
haps ultimate- 
ly L. fera, wild 
beast.] 

BEAR (bar), vt. 
\pr.p. BEAR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BEARED (bard),] De- 
press the price of, as by "selling short" on 
the stock exchange. 




Grizzly Bear (Ursus horribilis). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h.=ch in Scotch loch. 



BEARABLE 



111 



BEAUTIFUL 



BEARABLE (bar'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
borne; endurable. 

BEARABLY (bar'a-bli), adv. In a bearable 
manner; in a manner to be endured; en- 
durably. 

BEARD (berd), n. 1. Hair that grows on a 
man's chin and adjacent parts of face. 2. 
Anything of an analogous nature, as awn of 
grass, wheat, etc. ; barb of an arrow, fish-hook, 
etc., gills of an oyster, clam, etc.; tail of a 
comet. — Gray beard, literally, a beard that is 
gray, and figuratively, an old man. [A. S.] 

BEARD (berd), vt. [pr.p. BEARDING; p.U and 
p.p. BEARDED.] 1. Take or pluck by the 
beard. 2. Defy; oppose to the face; affront. 

BEARDED (berd'ed), a. Having a beard. 

BEARDLESS (berd'les), a. Without beard or 
hair on the face. 

BEARER (bar'er), n. One who or that which 
bears, carries, or produces. 

BEAR-GARDEN (bar'gar-den), n. 1. Place 
where bears are kept or exhibited. 2. Dis- 
orderly assembly; any scene of tumult. 

BEARING (bar'ing), n. 1. Behavior; deport- 
ment. 2. Relation; connection. 3. Carrying, 
supporting, producing, etc. 4. Part of an axle, 
shaft, etc., in contact with the collar or boxing. 
— Ball bearing, bearing that turns on small 
steel balls. — Bearing rein, rein attached to 
the bit and looped over the check-hook, used 
for making a horse hold his head up. 

BEARINGS (bar'ingz), n.pl. Naut. 1. Widest 
part of a vessel below the plank-sheer. 2. 
Observations as to the direction by the com- 
pass in which an object lies from the vessel, 
or the direction thus ascertained. 

BEARISH (bar'ish), a. 1. Like a bear; rough; 
surly. 2. Favorable to the bears; with prices 
tending downwards. 

BEAR'S-BREACH (barz'brech), n. BoU Spe- 
cies of acanthus (A. spinosus). 

BEAR'S-EAR (barz'er), n. BoU Species of 
primrose (Primula Auricula). 

BEAR'S-FOOT (barz'fot), n. BoU The fetid 
hellebore (Helleborus fcetidus). 

BEARSKIN (bar'skin), n. 1. Skin of a bear. 
2. Cap made of bearskin. 3. Kind of shaggy 
cloth used for overcoats. 

BEAST (best), n. 1. Any animal, excepting 
man. 2. Vertebrate animal, excepting birds 
and fishes. 3. Beastly person. [L. bestia.] 

BEASTLINESS (best'li-nes), n. State or quality 
of being beastly. 

BEASTLY (best'li), a. 1. Resembling a beast 
in form, nature or behavior; coarse; brutal; 
filthy. 2. Abominable. 

BEAT (bet), v. [pr.p. BEATING; p.U BEAT; 
p.p. BEAT'EN or BEAT.] I. vt. 1. Strike or 
dash repeatedly against. 2. Strike, as bushes, 
to rouse game. 3. Mix or agitate by beating. 
4. Vanquish; outdo; baffle; get the advan- 
tage of. 5. Inflict blows upon; pommel. 6. 
Cheat by deceit; overreach. 7. Hammer into 



form. 8. Signal by strokes, as beat time, beat 
an alarm. 9. Tread, as a path. II. vi. 1. Give 
strokes repeatedly. 2. Dash with force. 3. 
Pulsate. 4. Naut. Make way against the wind 
by tacking to and fro. 5. Give forth the sound 
of a drum being beaten. 6. Mil. Signal by 
making a series of strokes on a drum. [A. S. 
beaten. See BAT.] 

SYN. Strike; hit; knock; belabor; bang; 
buffet; maul; drub; thump; baste; thwack; 
thrash; pommel; hammer; force; pound; 
bruise; batter; overcome; surpass; worst. 
ANT. Defend; protect; shield; surrender; 
pat; stroke; caress. 

BEAT (bet), n. 1. Stroke or blow. 2. Recurring 
stroke, or its sound, as of a watch or pulse. 
3. Round or course, as a policeman's beat. 4. 
Regularly recurring movement, as the rise 
and fall of the hand or foot in regulating time. 
5. One who lives by shifts and tricks; dead- 
beat. (Colloq.) 

BEAT (bet), a. Exhausted with exertion. 
(Colloq.) 

BEATEN (bet'en), o. 1. Defeated; vanquished. 
2. Trodden into a path; hence hackneyed; 
trite; common. 3. Hammered. 4. Fatigued. 

BEATER (bet'er), n. One who or that which 
beats. 

BEATIFIC (be-a-tif'ik), BEATIFICAL (be-a-tlf- 
ik-al), a. Making supremely happy. 

BEATIFICATION (be-at-i-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of beatifying. 2. Declaration by the pope 
that a person is blessed in heaven. 

BEATIFY (be-at'1-fi), vU [pr.p. BEAT'TFYING; 
p.U and p.p. BEATIFIED (be-at'i-fid).] 1. 
Make blessed or happy. 2. Bless with eternal 
happiness in heaven. [L. beatus, blessed, and 
facio, make.] 

BEATITUDE (be-at'i-tud), n. 1. Heavenly hap- 
piness, or happiness of the highest kind. 2. 
[pi.] The sayings of Christ in Matt, v., declaring 
the possessors of certain virtues to be blessed. 

BEAU (bo), n. [pi. BEAUS or BEAUX (boz).] 1. 
Man studious of fashion and fond of dress. 
2. Suitor or escort to a lady; a lover. [Fr. 
beau, fine.] 

BEAU-IDEAL (bo-i-de'al), n. Ideal standard of 
perfection. [Fr.] 

BEAUISH (bo'ish), a. Like a beau; foppish. 

BEAU MONDE (bo-mangd'). Fashionable world. 
[Fr.] 

BEAUTEOUS (bu'te-us), a. Full of beauty; 
beautiful. 

BEAUTEOUSLY (bu'te-us-li), adv. In a beau- 
teous manner. 

BEAUTEOUSNESS (bu'te-us-nes), n. Quality 
of being beauteous. 

BEAUTIFIER (bu'ti-fi-er), n. One who or 
that which beautifies. 

BEAUTIFUL (bu'ti-fol), a. Having conspic- 
uous beauty; excelling in what is naturally, 
personally, or artistically exquisite or fair. — 
The beautiful, that which constitutes beauty. 



I 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch lock. 



BEAUTIFULLY 



112 



BECQUEREL RATS 



> 



SYN. Handsome; lovely; pretty; fair; 
fine; graceful; charming; bewitching; de- 
lightful; exquisite; beauteous; attractive; 
comely. ANT. Homely; ugly; unlovely; 
unattractive; horrid; hideous; unsightly; 
deformed. 

BEAUTIFULLY (bu'ti-fol-i), adv. In a beau- 
tiful manner. 

BEAUTIFULNESS (bu'ti-fol-nes), n. Quality 
of being beautiful. 

BEAUTIFY (bu'ti-fi), v. [pr.p. BEAUTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEAUTIFIED (bu'tl-fid).] I. vt. 
Make beautiful; render more beautiful. II. vi. 
Become beautiful; grow more beautiful. 

SYN. Adorn; embellish; decorate; orna- 
ment; deck; garnish. ANT. Disfigure; 
deform; mar; stain; deface; spoil. 

BEAUTY (bu'ti), n. [pi. BEAU'TIES.] 1. That 
quality or assemblage of qualities in an 
object which gives esthetic pleasure to the 
eye. 2. That quality or assemblage of quali- 
ties in a sound which is pleasing to the 
ear. 3. That characteristic in any object 
or in any abstract conception which gratifies 
the intellect. 4. Esthetic faculty. 5. Object 
attractive to the eye, to the ear, or to the love 
of order, symmetry, and grace existing in the 
mind. 6. Beautiful person, especially, a beau- 
tiful woman. [Fr. beaute.] 

BEAUTY-SPOT (bu'ti-spot), n. 1. Patch or spot 
put on the face by way of foil to heighten 
beauty. 2. Naevus or mole. 

BEAUTY-WASH (bu'ti-wosh), n. Wash de- 
signed to increase or preserve beauty. 

BEAUX (boz), n. Plural of BEAU. 

BEAVER (be'ver), n. Part of a helmet which 
covers the face, and is movable up and down. 
[O. Fr. baviere, a child's bib.] 

BEAVER (be'ver), n. 
1. Amphibious 
quadruped valuable 
for its fur. 2. Fur 
of the beaver. 3. 
Hat made of the 
beaver's fur. 4. 

Heavy-milled wool- 
en cloth, sometimes 
felted, used for making overcoats, hats, etc. 
[A. S. befer.] 

BEBEERIN (be-be'rin), n. An alkaloid having 
the properties of quinine, obtained from the 
bebeeru-tree of British Guiana. 

BEBEERU (be-be'ro), n. Medicinal tree of South 
America (Nectandra Rodicei), from whose bark 
beeberin is extracted. 

BECALM (be-kam'), vt. [pr.p. BECALMING; 
p.U and p.p. BECALMED (be-kamd').] 1. 
Make calm, still or quiet. 2. Naut. Deprive 
of wind; cause to lie motionless by the stilling 
of the wind. 

BECAME (be-kam'), v. Past tense of BECOME. 

BECAUSE (be-kaz'), I. adv. By reason (of). II. 
conj. For the reason that. [BY and CAUSE.] 




Beaver (Castor fiber). 



SYN. Owing; consequently; accordingly; 
for; since; inasmuch as. ANT. Irrespect- 
ively; independently. 

BECHAMEL (ba-sham-el'), n. White cream 
sauce used in cooking. [Fr.] 

BECHANCE (be-chans'), v. [pr.p. BECHAN'- 
CING, p.t. and p.p. BECHANCED (be-chanst').] 
I. vt. Chance to; happen to. II. vi. Befall; 
happen. 

BECHARM (be-charm), vt. [pr.p. BECHARM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BECHARMED (be-charmd).] 
Charm; captivate. 

BECHE-DE-MER (bashde-mar), n. Trepang, 
when dried in the sun; edible sea slug. [Fr.] 

BECHUANALAND (bech-o-a'na-land), n. Brit- 
ish protectorate in S. Africa. Area 213,000 
sq. m. 

BECK (bek), n. Nod or other sign expressing 
command or wish. — To be at one's beck, to 
be entirely at his service or disposal. [Con- 
traction of BECKON.] 

BECK (bek), v. [pr.p. BECKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BECKED (bekt).] I. vt. Nod or make a 
sign to; beckon to. II. vi. Make a signal 
with the head or hand; beckon. 

BECKELITE (bek'el-it), n. 31agnesium silicate 
of yellow color. 

BECKET (bek'et), n. Naut. Any device 
used to confine loose ropes, tackles or spars, 
as a large hook, a rope with an eye at 
one end. 

BECKON (bek'un), v. [pr.p. BECK'ONING, 
p.t. and p.p. BECKONED (bek'und).] I. vt. 
Summon or signal to by means of a nod, mo- 
tion of the hand, etc. II. vi. Make a signal 
by nodding, or by a motion of the hand, etc. 

BECKONER (bek'un-er), n. One that beckons. 

BECLOUD (be-klowd'), vt. [pr.p. BECLOUD'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BECLOUDED.] Cover, 
as with a cloud; obscure. 

BECOME (be-kum'), v. [pr.p. BECOMING; p.t. 
BECAME (be-kam), p.p. BECOME.] I. vt. 
Suit; befit; accord with. II. vi. 1. Pass from 
one state to another; come to be. 2. Be the 
fate or end (of). [A. S. becuman, happen.] 

BECOMING (be-kum'ing), a. Suitable (to); in 
keeping (with). 

SYN. Fit; suitable; proper; appropriate; 
congruous; seemly; decorous; comely; 
graceful; pretty. ANT. Unseemly; unbe- 
coming; unsuitable; incongruous; inap- 
propriate. 

BECOMING (be-kum'ing), n. That which Is 
befitting, suitable, proper, in harmony with, 
or graceful. 

BEC031INGLY (be-kum'ing-li), adv. In a be- 
coming manner. 

BECOMINGNESS (be-kum'ing-nes), n. Quality 
of being becoming. 

BECQUEREL RAYS (bek-rel'raz). Peculiar 
luminous rays emitted by the compounds 
of uranium, having properties similar to those 
of cathodic and also of Roentgen rays. [Named 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock. 



BED 



113 



BEDTICK 



from their discoverer, Henri Becquerel, Fr. 
physicist.] 

BED (bed), n. 1. Anything designed for sleeping 
on or in. 2. That in which anything lies or is 
imbedded; channel of a river; garden plot. 3. 
Anything likened to a bed; layer or stratum; 
level mass, as a bed of molten lava. [A. S.] 

BED (bed), vt. [pr.p. BED'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
BEDDED.] 1 Arrange, as plants, in a bed. 
2. Set, as masonry or machinery. 

BEDABBLE (be-dab'l), vt. [pr.p. BEDAB- 
BLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDABBLED (be-dab'ld).] 
Sprinkle over or splash with; dabble. 

BEDAGGLE (be-dag'l), vt.[pr.p. BEDAG'GLING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEDAG'GLED.] Same as BE- 
DRAGGLE. 

BEDASH (be-dash), vt. [pr.p. BEDASH'ING; 
p.U and p.p. BEDASHED (be-dasht').] Be- 
spatter. 

BEDAUB (be-dab), vt. [pr.p. BEDAUBING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEDAUBED (be-dawbd').] Daub 
over; besmear. 

BEDAZZLE (be-daz'l), vt. [pr.p. BEDAZ'ZLING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEDAZZLED (be-daz'ld).] Con- 
fuse; bewilder; dazzle. 

BEDBUG (bedbug), n. Troublesome blood- 
sucking, wingless bug (Cimex lectularius) , 
infesting timber, houses, and especially beds. 

BEDCHAMBER (bed'cham-ber), n. Chamber 
for or containing a bed or beds. 

BEDCLOTHES (bed'clotfcz), n. pi. Coverlet, 
blankets, sheets, etc., for a bed. 

BEDDED (bed'ed), a. Arranged with flower 
beds. 

BEDDING (bed'ing), n. 1. Bed with the bed- 
clothes upon it; furnishings for a bed. 2. 
Litter for animals to lie upon. 3. Median. 
Supporting base on which a boiler or anything 
similar rests. 4. Geol. Stratification, or the 
line or plane of stratification. 

BEDECK (be-dek'), vt. [pr.p. BEDECK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEDECKED (be-dekt').] Deck 
out; adorn. 

BEDEGUAR (bed'e-gar), n. Excrescence found 
on rose-bushes, produced by certain insects 
for their eggs. [Fr.] 

BEDEVIL (be-dev'l), vt. [pr.p. BEDEVILING; 
p.U and p.p. BEDEVILED (be-devld).] 1. 
Throw into a state of disorder or confusion. 2. 
Bother vexatiously. 3. Destroy or render un- 
fit for use. 

BEDEVILMENT (be-dev'1-ment), n. State of 
being in vexatious disorder, or of being be- 
deviled. 

BEDEW (be-du'), vt. [pr.p. BEDEWING; p.t. 
and p.p. BEDEWED (be-dud').] Moisten gen- 
tly as with dew. 

BEDFAST (bed'fast), o. Confined to bed; 
bedridden. 

BEDFELLOW (bed'fel-6), n. One who occupies 
the same bed with another. 

BEDFORDSTONE (bed'furd-st6n), n. Lime- 
stone from Bedford, Indiana. 




Bedouin. 



BED-GOWN (bed'gown), n. Nightgown. 
BEDIGHT (be-dit), vt. [pr.p. BEDIGHT'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. BEDIGHT'ED.] Adorn or bedeck. 
BEDIM (be-dim), vt. [pr.p. BEDIM'MING; p.U 

and p.p. BEDIMMED (be-dimd').] Make dim 

or obscure. 
BEDIZEN (be-diz'n), vt. [pr.p. BEDIZ'ENING; 

p.t. and p.p. BEDIZENED (be-diz'nd).] Deck- 

out; clothe gaudily. 
BEDLAM (bed'lam), n. 1. Place of uproar; 

scene of wild tumult. 2. Insane asylum; 

madhouse. [Bedlam (corruption of Bethle- 
hem), a madhouse in London.] 
BEDLAMITE (bed'lam-it), n. Lunatic. 
BEDLAMIZE (bedlam-iz), vt. [pr.p. BED'IAM- 

IZING; p.t. and p.p. BED'LAMIZED.] Render 

crazy. 

Bedouin (bed'6-in), n. 

Arab of the nomad type. 

[Fr. from Ar. badawin, 

dwellers in the desert.] 
BEDPAN (bed'pan), n. 

Utensil for the use of in- 
valids in bed. 
BEDPIECE (bed'pes), n. 

Engraver's matrix plate 

from which other plates 

are made. 
BEDPLATE (bed'plat), n. 

Plate forming foundation 

for machinery or heavy 

masonry. 
BEDPOST (bedpost), n. Corner pillar support 

of a bed. 
BED-QUILT (bed'kwilt), n. Thick outer cover- 
ing of a bed; counterpane. 
BEDRAGGLE (be-drag'l), vt. [pr.p. BEDEAG'- 

GLING; p.t. and p.p. BEDRAGGLED 

(be-drag'ld).] Draggle; soil, as clothes by 

allowing them to trail in the mire. 
BEDRENCH (be-drench), vt. [pr.p. BEDBENCH' 

ING; p.t. and p.p. BEDRENCHED (be- 

drencht').] Saturate; drench. 
BEDRID (bed'rid), BEDRIDDEN (bed'rid-n), a. 

Confined to the bed by age or infirmity. 
BED-ROCK (bed'rok), n. Geol. Stratum that 

underlies the mineral-bearing rock or soil. 
BEDROOM (bed'rom), n. Room designed for the 

accommodation of a bed, to be occupied during 

the night; sleeping-room. 
BEDSIDE (bed'sid), n. Side of a bed. 
BEDSITE (bed'sit), n. Place selected for laying 

foundation. 
BEDSORE ((bed'sor), n. Sore produced by long 

lying in bed. 
BEDSPREAD (bed'spred), n. Counterpane or 

quilt used as outer bed covering. 
BEDSTEAD (bed'sted), n. Frame for supporting 

a bed. 
BEDSTONE (bed'ston), n. Lowest foundation 

stone used as a base support. 
BEDTICK (bed'tik), n. Case, or tick, to hold the 

feathers or other materials of a mattress. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
fi=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BEDTIME 



114 



BEG 



> 



Time for retiring 



Direction 




Working Bee. 



BEDTIME (bed'tim), 

to bed. 
BED-WAT (bed'wa), n. Mining. 
towards mother lode or vein. 

BEE (be), n. 1. Four- 
winged insect that 
gathers honey. 2. Gath- 
ering of neighbors to 
help along some work 
or engage in some pleas- 
urable contest, as a husk- 
ing bee, or a spelling bee. 

BEE-BREAD (be'bred), n. 

Pollen of flowers collected by bees, as food for 
their young. 

BEECH (bech), n. Well-known forest tree, with 
a smooth bark, and producing triangular edible 
nuts. [A. S. bece.1 

BEECHEN (bech'en), a. Pertaining to the 
beech; made of the wood of the beech. 

BEECHNUT (bech'nut), n. Nut of the beech. 

BEE-EATER (be'et-er), n. Ornith. Bright-hued, 
small bird (Merops apiaster), that lives on 
insects, principally bees. 

BEEF (bef), n. 1. Flesh of an ox, cow, or other 
adult bovine animal. 2. [pi. BEEVES (bevz).] 
Ox or cow, regarded as fit for food. [Fr. boeuf, 
It. bove — L. bos, bovis, ox.] 

BEEF-CATTLE (bef'kat-1), n. Cattle used 
as beef in contradistinction from dairy 
cattle. 

BEEF-EATER (bef'et-er), n. U Yeoman of the 
royal English guard. 2. One who eats beef; 
an Englishman, so called by the French. 3. 
Bluebottle fly. 

BEEF-EXTRACT (bef'eks-trakt), n. Concen- 
trated essence of the juices of beef. 

BEEFSTEAK (bef'stak), n. Slice of beef for 
broiling, frying, etc. 

BEE-GUM (begum), n. Gum tree in which 
bees hive. 

BEEHIVE (be'hiv), n. Hive or home for bees. 

BEE-LLNE (be'lin), n. Straight course, as that 
of a bee making for its hive. 

BEELZEBUB (be-el'ze-bub), n. 1. An idol of 
the Moabites or Syrians. 2. Chief of the evil 
spirits. 3. Any person of diabolical nature. 
[Heb. ba alzebub, god of flies.] 

BEE-MOTH (be'math), n. Moth whose larvae 
live on beeswax. 

BEEN (bin), v. Past participle of BE. 

BEER (ber), n. Liquor made by fermentation 
from malted barley and hops; the name is 
also given to other beverages not fermented, 
as spruce beer, root beer, etc. [A. S. be dr.] 

BEERY(ber'i),a. 1. Pertaining to beer. 2. Beer- 
stained. 3. Beer-besotted. 

BEESTINGS (best'ings), n. First milk given by 
a cow after calving. [A. S. bystina.] 

BEESWAX (bez'waks), n. Substance used by 
bees in constructing their combs. 

BEESWING (bez'wing), n. Fine filmy deposit 
in old port wine. 




Sugar Beet. 
Jut out or 



BEET (bet), n. 1. Well-known 
plant, the different species of 
which furnish food for man, or 
for cattle, or furnish sugar. 2. 
Root of the plant. [A. S. bete.] 
BEETLE (be'tl), n. Insect with 
hard, shelly wing-cases. — Col- 
orado beetle, potato-bug. [A. 
S. bitel; from biten, bite.] 
BEETLE (be'tl), n. Heavy wood- 
en mallet. [A. S. bytel.] 
BEETLE (be'tl), v. [pr.p. BEE'- 
TLING; p.t. and p.p. BEETLED 
(be'tld). I. vt. Beat with a 
beetle, or heavy mallet. II. vi. 
hang over, as some cliffs do. 
BEETLE-BROWED (be'tl-browd), o. Having 
a projecting brow; having prominent brows. 
BEETLING (be'tling), a. Jutting; prominent. 
BEEVE (bev), n. Adult bovine animal fattened 
for slaughter. (Colloq.) [From BEEVES, pi. 
of BEEF.] 
BEEVES (bevz), n. Plural of BEEF; adult 

bovine animals. 
BEFALL (be- al), v. [pr.p. BEFALL'ING; p.t. 
BEFELL' ; p.p. BEFALL'EN.] I. vt. Happen to ; 
betide. II vi. Happen; come to pass. [A. S. 
befeallan. See FALL.] 
BEFIT (be-fit), vt. [pr.p. BEFITTING; p.t. and 
p.p. BEFIT'TED.] Be fit or suitable for; be 
becoming to. 
BEFOG (be-fog), vt. [pr.p. BEFOG'GING; 
p.t. anJ p.p. BEFOGGED (be-fogd').] Involve 
in a fog; confuse. 
BEFOOL (be-fol), vt. [pr.p. BEFOOL'ING; p.U 
and p.p. BEFOOLED (be-fold').] Fool; de- 
lude; infatuate. 
BEFORE (be-for'), I. prep. 1. In front of. 2. 
In presence or sight of. 3. Previous to. 4. 
In preference to. 5. Superior to. II. adv. 1. 
In front. 2. Sooner than. 3. Hitherto. 4. 
Already; previously. III. con). 1. Earlier 
than. 2. Rather than. [A. S. beforan.] 
BEFOREHAND (be-for hand), I. a. Well pre- 
pared. II. adv. 1. Before the time; in ad- 
vance. 2. By way of preparation. 
BEFOUL (be-fowl), vt. [pr.p. BEFOULING; p.t. 
and p.p. BEFOULED (be-fowld').] Soil; pol- 
lute; tarnish. 
BEFRIEND (be-frend'), vt. [pr.p. BEFBIEND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BEFRIEND'ED.] Act as a 
friend to; favor; aid. 
BEFUDDLE (be-fud'l), vt. [pr.p. BEFUD'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEFUDDLED (be-fud'ld).] Con- 
fuse through overuse of any stimulant. 
BEG (beg), v. [pr.p. BEG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
BEGGED (begd).] I. vt. 1. Ask earnestly. 2. 
Ask in charity. 3. Take for granted; assume 
without proof. II. vi. Practice begging. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

SYN. Entreat; solicit; implore; beseech; 
supplicate; petition; desire; request; pray; 
crave. ANT. Insist; exact; extort; require; 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BEGAN 



115 



BEHOLDER 



demand; claim; enforce; command; 
compel. 

BEGAN (be-gan '), v. Past tense of BEGIN. 

BEGEM (be-jem), vt. [pr.p. BEGEM'MING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEGEMMED (be-jemd').] Adorn 
with precious gems, or anything similarly 
beautiful and lustrous. 

BEGET (be-gef), vt. [pr.p. BEGET'TING; p.t. 
BEGOT; p.p. BEGOT'TEN or BEGOT'.] Pro- 
create; cause to come into existence; generate; 
produce. [A. S. begitan, acquire. See GET.] 

BEGGAR (beg'ar), n. 1. One who lives by beg- 
ging. 2. One who is dependent on others for 
support. 3. A petitioner. 

BEGGAR (beg'ar), vt. [pr.p. BEGGARING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEGGARED (beg'ard).] 1. Re- 
duce to beggary; impoverish. 2. Surpass; ex- 
haust; tax to the utmost the power of; as, "It 
beggared all description.'* 

BEGGARLINESS (beg'ar-li-nes), n. Quality of 
being beggarly. 

BEGGARLY (beg'ar-li), I. a. 1. Poor-looking; 
like a beggar. 2. Suitable for a beggar; in the 
condition of a beggar; mean; contemptible. II. 
adv. In a manner suitable to a beggar ; meanly ; 
indigently. 

BEGGARY (beg'ar-i), n. 1. Poverty; indigence; 
penury. 2. Practice of begging. 

BEGGING (beg'ing), I. a. That begs. II. n. 1. 
Act of begging for, or soliciting anything; 
specifically, act or practice of soliciting alms. 
2. Logic. Act of assuming what is not con- 
ceded, as in the phrase "a begging of the ques- 
tion." 

BEGIN (be-gin'), v. [pr.p. BEGIN'NING; p.t. 
BEGAN'; p.p. BEGUN'.] I. vt. 1. Com- 
mence action on; enter on. 2. Originate. 3. 
Trace the first ground, element or existence 
of. II. vi. 1. Take rise; commence; start. 
2. Come into being; arise. [A. S. beginnan.] 

BEGINNER (be-gin'er), n. 1. Originator; author; 
first mover. 2. Inexperienced learner; nov- 
ice; tyro. 

BEGINNING (be-gin'ing), n. 1. First cause or 
origin. 2. First state or twmnencement. 3. 
First part or stage. 

BEGIRD (be-gerd'), BEGIRDLE (be-gerd'l), vt. 
[pr.p. BEGIRD'ING, BEGIRD'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. BEGIRT (be- 
gert'), BEGIRD'ED, 
BEGIRDLED (be- 
gerd 'Id).] 1. Encircle 
with a girdle. 2. En- 
compass. 

BEGONE (be-gan'), in- 
terj. Go away. 

Begonia (be-goni-a), 

n. 1. Genus of plants 
having brilliantly col- 
ored leaves and, usual- 
ly, pink flowers. 2. [b-] Begonia. 
Plant of this genus. [Named after Michel Begon 
(1638-1710), patron of science in France.] 




BEGRIME (be-grim'), vt. [pr.p. BEGRIMING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEGRIMED (be-grimd').] Soil 
with soot or dirt. 

BEGRUDGE (be-gruj'), vt. [pr.p. BEGRUDG'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BEGRUDGED (be-grujd').] 
Envy the possession or enjoyment of; 
grudge. 

BEGUILE (be-gll'), vt. [pr.p. BEGUIL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEGUILED (be-gild).] 1. Lure 
to or from any place, course of conduct, etc. 
2. Pass pleasingly; while away. 

BEGUILEMENT (be-gil'ment), n. 1. Act of be- 
guiling. 2. State of being beguiled. 3. 
That which beguiles. 

BEGUILER (be-gil'er), n. One who beguiles. 

BEGUILING (be-gil'ing), a. Having a tendency 
to beguile. 

BEGUIN (beg'in or ba-gang'), n. Order of gray- 
robed nuns that flourished during the 12th 
and 13th centuries. [Fr.] 

BEGUM (be'gum), n. Princess, or woman of 
high rank in India; Mohammedan queen reg- 
nant. [Hind.] 

BEGUN (be-gun'), Past participle of BEGIN. 

BEHALF (be-haf), n. 1. Favor, interest, as in 
your behalf. 2. Affair, as in this behalf, 
[From A. S. be, by, and healf half, part.] 

BEHAVE (be-hav), v. [pr.p. BEHAVING; p.t. 
and p.p. BEHAVED (be-havd').] I. vt. Con- 
duct, deport, demean (one's self). II. vi. Act; 
conduct one's self; conduct one's self well. 
[A. S. behabban, hold, restrain.] 

BEHAVIOR (be-ha'vyur), n. Conduct; manners; 
deportment. 

SYN. Bearing; demeanor; comport- 
ment; proceeding; action; carriage; breed- 
ing; manner; manners. ANT. Misbeha- 
vior; misdemeanor; misconduct. 

BEHEAD (be-hed'), vt. [pr.p. BEHEADING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEHEAD'ED.] Cut off the head, 
of; decapitate. 

BEHELD (be-held'), v. Past tense and past 
participle of BEHOLD. 

BEHE310TH (be-he'muth), n. Animal described 
in Job xl. 15-24, probably the hippopotamus. 
[Heb.] 

BEHEST (be-hesf), n. Command; charge. 
[A. S. behces, promise.] 

BEHIND (be-hind'), I. prep. 1. At the back of; 
after or coming after. 2. Inferior to. II. adv. 
At the back; in the rear; backward; past. 
[A. S. beliindan.] 

BEHINDHAND (be-hind 'hand), adv. and a. 
Tardy; in arrears. 

BEHOLD (be-hold'), v. [pr.p. BEHOLDING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEHELD'.] I. vt. 1. Hold; keep. 
2. Keep in view; look upon. II. vi. Look; 
fix the attention. III. inter j. See ! lo I observe ! 
[A. S. 6c-, and healdan, hold.] 

BEHOLDEN (be-hold'n), a. Obliged; indebted. 
[Old p.p. of BEHOLD.] 

BEHOLDER (be-hold'er\ n. One who beholds; 
looker on. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, thvu, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BEHOOF 



116 



BELL-BIRD 



BEHOOF (be-hof), n. Benefit; convenience. 
[See BEHOOVE.] 

BEHOOVE (be-hov), vt. [pr.p. BEHOOVING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEHOOVED (be-hovd').] Be- 
come necessary or proper for (now only used 
impersonally with it). [A. S. behofian, need, 
be necessary.] 

BEING (being), I. pr.p. of BE. II. n. 1. Exist- 
ence. 2. Person or thing existing. 3. Entity; 
essence; substance. 

BEING (be'ing), conj. Since; since this is so. 
(Colloq.) 

BEIRA (bi'ra), n. Species of African musk- 
deer. 

BE JEWEL (be-ju'el), vt. [pr.p. BE JEWELING; 
p.t. and p.p. BE JEWELED (be-ju'eld).] Adorn 
with jewels. 

BEJUCO (ba-ho'ko), n. Rattan wood vine grown 
in Philippines and used principally for ropes 
and cables. [Sp.] 

BELABOR (be-la/bur), vt. [pr.p. BELA'BORING; 
p.t. and p.p. BELABORED (be-la'burd).] Beat 
soundly. 

BELATE (be-laf), vt. [pr.p. BELA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. BELA'TED.] Cause to be late; delay; 
detain till after night. 

BELAY (be-la), vt. [pr.p. BELAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BELAYED (be-lad').] 1. Waylay. 2. 
Block up; besiege. 3. Encompass. 4. Naut. 
Fasten securely, as a rope by winding it round 
a cleat or belaying pin. [Dut. beleggen, cover, 
overlay.] 

BELAYING-PIN . (be-la'ing-pin), n. Naut. 

Stout pin in the side of a vessel or round the 
masts to which ropes may be belayed, or 
wound round and fastened. 

BELCH (belch), v. [pr.p. BELCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BELCHED (belcht).] I. vt. Eject with 
force or violence. II. vi. 1. Eject wind from 
the stomach. 2. Issue forcibly, as a flame 
from a furnace. [A.S. bedlam.] 

BELDAM (beldam), BELDAME (bel'dam), n. 
1. Grandmother. 2. Ill-natured old woman; 
hag. [Fr. belle, fair, and dame, lady.] 



BELEAGUER (be-le'ger), vt. 
GUERING; p.t. and p.p. 
BELEAGUERED (be-le'- 
gerd).] Lay siege to. [Dut. 
belcgeren, besiege.] 

BELEMNITE (be-lem'nit), 
n. Cigar-shaped fossil, 

called thunderbolt. [From 
Gr. belemnon, dart.] 

BEL-ESPRIT (bel-es-pre'), n. 
[pi. BEAUX-ESPRITS (boz- 
es-pre').] Fine spirit; man 
of wit. [Fr.] 

BELFRY (bel'fri), n. [pi. 
BELFRIES.] 1. Movable 
tower. 2. Bell-tower; place 
for a bell or bells. [From 
A.S. beorgan, protect, and 
frith, shelter.] 



[pr.p. BELEA'- 




i II il IL_ 

Belfry. 




Eugene Ysaye, 

Belgian violinist. 

Born 1858. 



Belgian (bei'ji-an), i. a. 

Pertaining to Belgium or 
the Belgians. II. n. Native 
or inhabitant of Belgium. 

Belgium (bei'ji-um), n. 

Small European kingdom 
N. E. of France, S. of Neth- 
erlands. Area, 11,373 
sq. m. 

BELIAL (be'li-al), n. Spirit 
of evil. — Sons of Belial, 
worthless, wicked men. 
[Heb. beli, without, yaal, 
use.] 

BELIE (be-li'), vt. [pr.p. BELY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BELIED (be-lid').] 1. Give the lie to; prove 
to be false. 2. Fail to meet expectation of. 3. 
Traduce. [A. S. be-, and leogan, lie.] 

BELIEF (be-lef), n. 1. Confidence; faith. 2. 
Thing believed; creed. 3. Opinion. 4. Per- 
suasion of the truth of anything. 

SYN. Credence; trust; credit; reliance; 
conviction; assurance; opinion; assent; ad- 
mission; doctrine; dogma; tenet. ANT. 
Disbelief; distrust; misgiving; denial; re- 
jection; disavowal. 

BELIEVABLE (be-lev'a-bl), a. That may or 
can be believed. 

BELIEVE (be-lev), v. [pr.p. BELIEVING; p.t. 
and p.p. BELIEVED (be-levd).] I. vt. 1. Ac- 
cept as true. 2. Trust in the veracity of. 3. 
Think or suppose loosely. II. vi. 1. Accept a 
proposition as true. 2. Have faith. 3. 
Think; suppose. [A. S. gelyfan, believe.] 

BELIEVER (be-lev'er), n. 1. One who believes 
or gives credit to anything. 2. One who holds 
a definite religious belief; Christian; professor 
of any faith. 

BELIEVING (be-lev'ing), I. a. Having faith. 
II. n. Act or operation of accepting as true. 

BELIKE (be-llk'), adv. Probably; perhaps. [A.S. 
be- and LIKE.] 

BELITTLE (be-lit'l), vt. [pr.p. BELIT'TLING; 
p.t. and p.p. BELITTLED (be-lit'ld).] Cause 
to appear little; disparage. 

BELL (bel), n. 1. Hollow metallic instrument 
usually cup-shaped, for producing sound when 
struck. 2. Anything shaped like an ordinary 
bell. 3. Stroke of a bell. [A. S. belle, bell.] 

BELL (bel), v. [pr.p. BELLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BELLED (beld).] I. vt. Put a bell on. II. vi. 
Bot. Develop in the form of a bell, as a bud or 
blossom. — To bell the cat, to encounter one of 
greatly superior force. 

BELL (bel), vi. [pr.p. BELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BELLED (beld).] Bellow; roar. [A. S. bellan.] 

BELLADONNA (bel-a-don'a), n. Deadly night- 
shade, poisonous plant, used in medicine. 
[It. bella-donna, fair lady.] 

BELL-BIRD (bel'berd), n. Zool. 1. South 
American bird (Arapunga alba), of the fruit- 
crow family. It is pure white, about a foot 
long, and has a voice like the tolling of. a bell. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BELLBOY 



117 



BELUS 



2. Australian bird (Muzantha melanophrys), 
having a tinkling note. 

BELLBOY (bel'boi), n. Boy employed to answer 
bell calls In a hotel. 

BELL-BUOY (bel'boi), w. Naut. Buoy to which 
a bell is attached in such a way as to be rung 
by the motion of the waves. 

BELL-CAGE (bel'kaj), n. Arch. Heavy timber 
framework used to set large bells in place. 

BELL-CRANK (bel'krangk), n. Triangular 
metal lever for sounding gong bells. 

BELL-DECK (bel'dek), n. Water-tight flooring 
of a belfry. 

BELLE (bel), n. Reigning beauty. [Fr. fem. of 
BEAU.] 

BeLLEROPHON (bel-Ier'6-fon), n. Greek Myth. 
Son of Glaucus; with the aid of Pegasus, the 
winged horse he conquered the monster 
Chimera. 

BELLES-LETTRES (bel-let'r), n.pl. Polite, 
elegant literature. [Fr. belles, fine, and lettres, 
learning.] 

BELLFLOWER (bel'flow-er), n. Bot. Plant of 
the genus Campanula, so called because its 
corollas are bell-shaped. 

BELL-GABLE (bel'ga-bl), w. Arched entrance 
to churchyards or cemeteries in which tolling 
bells are hung. 

BELLGLASS (bel'glas), n. Glass vessel shaped 
like a bell, open on the lower side, and having 
on its top a knob for convenience of handling. 

BELLICOSE (bel'i-kos), a. Warlike; conten- 
tious. [L. bellicosus, from bellum, war.] 

BELLIGERENCE (bel-lij'er-ens), BELLIGER- 
ENCY (bel-lij'er-en-si), n. Warfare; state 
of being at war. 

BELLIGERENT (bel-lij'er-ent), I. a. Waging 
war. II. n. Nation, party or person engaged 
in war or contest. [L. bellum, war, and gero, 
carry on.] 

BELLITE (bel 'it), n. High explosive made of 
nitrates of ammonium, benzine and potas- 
sium. 

BELL-JAR (bel'jar), n. Same as BELLGLASS. 

BELLMAN (bel'man),n. [pi. BELLMEN.] Town 
crier who rings a bell to attract attention. 

BELL-METAL (bel'met-1), n. Alloy of copper 
and tin, used for making bells. 

BELL-MOUTHED (bel'mowtht), a. 1. Having 
a mouth shaped like that of a bell. 2. Hav- 
ing a deep-toned resonant voice. 

BELLONA (bel-16'na), n. Bom. Myth. The god- 
dess of war, and represented as sister, com- 
panion and wife of Mars. 

BELLOW (bel'6), v. [pr.p. BELLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. BELLOWED (bel'od).] I. vt. Utter 
with a loud voice. II. vi. Utter a hollow 
loud sound as a bull; vociferate; clamor; roar. 
[A. S. bellan, bellow.] 

BELLOW (bel'6), n. Loud hollow sound or 
roar, as of a bull; loud outcry. 

BELLOWER (bel'6-er), n. One who or that 
which bellows. 



BELLOWING (bel'6-ing), n. Roar of a bull, or 
any similar sound. 

BELLOWS (bel'oz), n, sing, and pi. Contri- 
vance for blowing a fire, supplying wind to 
an organ, etc. [A. S. belg, bag.] 

BELLOWS-FISH (bel'oz-fish), n. Trumpet-fish 
or sea-snipe. 

BELL-PEPPER (bel'pep-er), n. Bot. Species of 
pepper ( Capsicum grossum), the common red 
pepper of the gardens. 

BELL-PULL (bel'pol), n. Handle attached to 
connection to ring a bell. 

BELL-RINGER (bel'rlng-er), n. One who rings 
a bell or bells. 

BELL-PUNCH (bel'punch), n. Punch with bell 
attached that rings whenever used. 

BELLWETHER (bel'we*ft-er), n. Sheep on 
whose neck a bell is placed so that it may 
lead the flock. 

BELLY (bel'i), n. [pi. BEL'LIES.] 1. Part of 
the body from the chest to the thighs; abdo- 
men. 2. Part of anything that swells or 
bulges out. [A. S. belg, bag.] 

BELLY (bel'i), v. [pr.p. BELLYING; p.t. and 
p.p. BELLIED (bel'id).] I. vt. Cause to swell 
out, as a sail. II. vi. Swell or bulge out. 

BELLY-BAND (bel'i-band), w. Saddle girth; 
girth. 

BELOID (be'loid), a. Shaped like an arrow. 

BELONG (be-lang'), vi. [pr.p. BELONGING; 
p.t. and p.p. BELONGED (be-langd').] Per- 
tain; be part of, property of; have residence; 
■ be appropriate. [A. S. gelangan.] 

BELONGING (be-lang'ing), n. That which be- 
longs to a person or thing, generally in the 
plural. 

BELONITE (bel'o-nit), n. Crystal formed like a 
needle. 

BELOVED (be-luvd' or be-luv'ed), I. c. Loved; 
dear. II. n. One loved. 

BELOW (be-16'), I. prep. 1. Beneath, in place 
or rank. 2. Not worthy of. II. adv. 1. In 
a lower place. 2. On earth or in hades, as 
opposed to heaven. 

BELT (belt), n. 1. Girdle or band worn round 
the waist. 2. Any encircling or traversing 
band, as a strait, strip of woods, zone, ring, 
band for communicating motion from one 
wheel to another, etc. [A. S.] 

BELT (belt), vt. [pr.p. BELT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BELTED.] I. Encircle with a belt; gird. 2. 
Furnish with a belt or belts, as machinery. 

BELTCOURSE (belt'kors), n. Arch. Molding 
work under jutments of columns, pillars, 
stanchions and eaves. 

BELTED (belt'ed), a. 1. Wearing a belt. 2. 
Fitted with belts. 

BELTING (belting), n. 1. Belts collectively, 
especially as connected with machinery. 2. 
Material of which belts are made. 

BELUGA (be-lu'ga), n. Species of dolphin; 
the great sturgeon (Acipenser huso). [Russ.] 

J»ELUS (be'lus), n. Roman name of Bel. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
i\=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BELVEDERE 



118 



BENGAL 



> 



BELVEDERE (bel-ve-der'), n. 1. Arch. Room 
built above the roof of an edifice, for the pur- 
pose of viewing the surrounding country. 2. 
Summer-house in a park or garden. [It., 
fine view; bel, fine, and vedere, view.] 

BEMEAN (be-men), vt. [pr.p. BEMEAN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEMEANED (be-mend').] De- 
grade; lower. 

BEMIRE (be-mir'), vt. [pr.p. SEMIRING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEMIRED (be-mird').] Soil or 
drag in the mire. 

BEMOAN (be-mon), vt. [pr.p. BEMOAN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEMOANED (be-mond').] Moan 
over; bewail; lament. 

BEMOCK (be-mok'), v. [pr.p. BEMOCK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEMOCKED (be-mokt').] I. vt. 
Treat with mockery; deride. II. vi. Prac- 
tice mocking; mock. 

BENCH (bench), n. 1. Long seat. 2. Mechan- 
ic's work table. 3. Judge's seat. 4. Body 
of judges. [A. S. bene] 

BENCHER (bench'er), n. 1. Eng. Law. One 
of the senior members of the legal societies 
known as the Inns of Court. 2. One who 
sits on a bench. 

BENCH-WARRANT (bench 'wor-ant), n. War- 
rant of arrest issued by a court. 

BEND (bend), v. [pr.p. BENDING; p.t. and 
p.p. BENT or BENDED.] I. vt. 1. Curve; 
make crooked; turn; incline. 2. Subdue. 3. 
Apply closely. 4. Direct to a certain point, 
as one's course. 5. Naut. Fasten by means 
of a knot. H. vi. 1. Be curved or crooked. 
2. Lean; jut over. 3. Bow in submission. 
4. Be prone or disposed. [A. S, bendan, bend.] 

BEND (bend), n. 1. Curve; crook; turn; that 
which is bent. 2. Act of bending. 3. Naut. 
Particular kind of knot made by seamen. 

BEND ABLE (bend'a-bl), a. That may be bent. 

BENDER (bender), n. 1. One who or that 
which bends anything. 2. Spree. (Colloq.) 

BENEATH (be-neth), I. prep. 1. Under, or 
lower in place, rank, or condition. 2. Under 
the pressure or weight of. 3. Unworthy. II. 
adv. In a lower place; below; underneath. 
[A. S. binithan. See NETHER.] 

BENEDICITE (ben-e-dis'i-te), n. Blessing; 
grace; thanksgiving. [L.L. benedicite, bless ye.] 

BENEDICK (ben'e-dik), BENEDICT (ben'e- 
dikt), n. Married man especially, one newly 
married. [Benedick, in Shakespeare's "Much 
Ado About Nothing."] 

BENEDICTION (ben-e-dik'shun), n. 1. Blessing. 
2. Invocation of divine blessing. [L.; from 
bene, well, and dico, say.] 

BENEDICTIVE (ben-e-dik'tiv), a. Containing 
a blessing; expressing a blessing; imparting 
a blessing. 

BENEDICTORY (ben-e-dlk'to-ri), a. Imparting 
a blessing. 

BENEFACTION (ben-e-fak'shun), n. 1. Act of 
conferring a benefit. 2. Benefit conferred. 
[L. — bene, well, and facio, do.] 



SYN. Gratuity; boon; alms; gift; grant; 
donation; endowment; favor; bequest; 
present. ANT. Deprivation; disfavor; in- 
jury; detriment. 

BENEFACTOR (ben-e-fak'tur), n. [fern. BENE- 
FACTRESS.] One who confers a favor or 
benefit; patron. 

BENEFICE (ben'e-fis), n. 1. Estate held by 
feudal tenure. 2. An ecclesiastical living. 
[L. beneficium, favor; from bene, well, and 
facio, do.] 

BENEFICED (ben'e-flst), a. Possessed of a 
benefice. 

BENEFICENCE (be-nef'i-sens), n. 1. Practice 
of doing good; active goodness; practical 
kindness. 2. Beneficent gift or act. 

BENEFICENCY (be-nef'i-sen-si), n. State or 
quality of being beneficent. 

BENEFICENT (be-nef'i-sent), a. Doing good; 
kind; generous; charitable. 

BENEFICENTLY (be-nef'i-sent-li), adv. In a 
beneficent manner; kindly; generously; chari- 
tably. 

BENEFICIAL (ben-e-fish'al), a. Advantageous; 
profitable; helpful; fitted to confer benefits 
upon, or actually doing so. 

BENEFICIALLY (ben-e-fish'al-i), adv. In a 
beneficial manner; advantageously. 

BENEFICIARY (ben-e-fish'i-a-ri), I. n. [pi. 
BENEFICIARIES.] 1. One who holds or 
receives a benefit or profit. 2. One for whose 
benefit a trust is established. 3. Holder of a 
benefice. II. a. 1. Holding in gift or gratuity. 
2. Holding in subordination to another. 

BENEFIT (ben'e-fit), n. 1. Profit; advantage; 
favor. 2. Public performance, or the proceeds 
arising therefrom, given in behalf of a person 
or cause. 3. Act conferring favor or advan- 
tage upon. 4. State of receiving favor or ad- 
vantage. 6. The favor or advantage itself. 
[Fr. bienfait; from L. benej 'actum, from bene, 
well, and facio, do.] 

BENEFIT (ben'e-fit), v. [pr.p. BEN'EFITING; 
p.t. and p.p. BEN'EFITED.] I. vt. Do good 
to; confer a favor on or advantage upon. II. 
vi. Derive advantage; be benefited. 

BENE PLACITO (ba-na-plach'e-to). Music. At 
pleasure. [It.] 

BENEVOLENCE (be-nev'o-lens), n. Disposi- 
tion to do good; kindness; charity; good will; 
generosity. [L. benevolentia ; from bene, well, 
and volo, wish.] 

SYN. Benignity ; beneficence ; charitable- 
ness; kind-heartedness; philanthropy; mu- 
nificence; bounty; kindliness; sympathy. 
ANT. Unkindness; ill will; malignity; 
harshness; barbarity; malevolence. 

BENEVOLENT (be-nev'o-lent), a. Disposed to 
do good; generous; charitable. 

BENGAL (ben-gal'), n. I. Province of India. 
2. Bay or Gulf, part of Indian Ocean, E. of 
Hindustan, W. of Burma. 

BENGAL (ben-ffal), n. 1. Thin fabric for 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



L 



BENGALEE 



119 



BERTH 



woman's apparel made of silk and hair, 
brought at first from Bengal, in India. 3. An 
imitation of striped muslin. 

Bengalee, Bengali (ben-gai-e'), w. Lan- 
guage or dialect spoken in Bengal. 

BENGALESE (ben-ga-lez'),I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to Bengal. II. n. sing, and pi. Native or 
natives of Bengal. 

BENGAL-LIGHT (ben-gal-lif), n. Kind of fire- 
works producing a steady and vivid blue light. 

BENGAL-TIGER (ben-gal-ti'ger), n. Common 
tiger (Felis tigris), which lives in the marshy 
jungles of Lower Bengal, India. 

BENIGHT (be-nit), vt. [pr.p. BENIGHTING; 
p.t. and p.p. BENIGHTED.] 1. Involve or 
shroud in darkness; obscure. 2. Overtake 
with night. 3. Debar from intellectual, moral, 
or spiritual light. 

BENIGN (be-nin), a. Favorable; gracious; 
kindly; mild. [L. benignus, kind.] 

BEjVIGNANCY (be-nig'nan-si), n. Benignant 
quality or manner. 

BENIGNANT (be-nig'nant), a. Kind; gracious. 

BENIGNANTLT (be-nig'nant-li), adv. In a be- 
nignant manner. 

BENIGNITY (be-nig'ni-ti), n. [pi. BENIG'- 
NITIES.] 1. State or quality of being benign. 
2. That which is benign. 

BENISON (ben'i-sun), n. Benediction; blessing. 

BENT (bent), v. Past tense and past participle 
of BEND. — Bent on, resolved on; determined 
upon. 

BENT (bent), n. 1. Leaning or bias of mind; 
fixed tendency. 2. State of being curved; 
particular direction given by bending. 3. Full 
strength; utmost exertion. [From BEND.] 

BENT, BENT-GRASS (bent'gras), n. Species of 
Agrostis, a wiry creeping grass. [A.S. beonet.~\ 

BENUMB (be-num'), vt. {pr.p. BENUMBING; 
p.t. and p.p. BENUMBED (be-numd').] Make 
numb or torpid. [A. S. benumen, deprived.] 

BENUMBEDNESS (be-num'nes), n. State of 
being benumbed. 

BENZENE (ben'zen), n. Volatile inflammable 
liquid hydrocarbon obtained from coal-tar. 
Also called benzol, benzolin. 

BENZIN (ben'zin), BENZINE (ben-zen'), n. Col- 
orless liquid mixture of hydro carbons, ob- 
tained from kerosene. 

BENZOATE (ben'zo-at), n. Chem. Salt of ben- 
zoic acid; as benzoate of soda. 

BENZOIC (ben-zo'ik), a. Pertaining to, or de- 
rived from, benzoin. — Benzoic acid, an aro- 
matic substance contained in benzoin, coal- 
tar oil, etc. 

BENZOIN (ben-zoin'), n. Fragrant, medicinal 
resin, obtained from the Styrax Benzoin, a 
tree of Sumatra. [Of Ar. origin.] 

BENZOL, BENZOLE (benzol), BENZOLIN 
(ben'zo-lin), n. Same as BENZENE. 

BEQUEATH (be-kweffc), vt. [pr.p. BEQUEATH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BEQUEATHED (be-kwetfed).] 
1. Give or leave by will. 2. Transmit; hand 




down to posterity. [A. S. be- and cwethan, say; 

See QUOTH.] 
BEQUEST (be-kwesf), n. Something be- 
queathed or left by will; legacy. 
BERATE (be-raf), vt. [pr.p. BERA'TING; p.t. 

and p.p. BERA'TED.] Chide vehemently; 

scold; vituperate. 
BERBER (berber),n. Mem- 
ber of one of the Hamitic 

tribes scattered over N. 

Africa and the Sahara, 

from the Red Sea to the 

Atlantic. They are of 

medium height and their 

features of Egyptian type. 
BERCEUSE (bar-suz), n. 

Cradle-song. [Fr.] 
BEREAVE (be-rev), vt. [pr. 

p. bereaving; p.t. and Berber. 

p.p. BEREAVED (he- 
re vd') or BEREFT'.] Deprive; rob; despoil; 
make destitute. [A. S. bereafian, rob.] 

BEREAVEMENT (be-rev'ment), n. Grievous 
loss, especially of loved ones by death. 

BEREFT (be-reff), v. Past tense and past par- 
ticiple Of BEREAVE. 

BERENGELITE (be-ren'je-lit), n. Peruvian 
pitch used for calking. 

BERG (berg), n. Towering mass, as of ice; 
iceberg. [Ice. or Ger.] 

BERGAMOT (ber'ga-mot), n. 1. Species of 
citron (Citrus medico). Both the flowers and 
fruit furnish a fragrant essential oil. 2. 
Coarse tapestry, said to have been first manu- 
factured at Bergamo. [Bergamo, in Italy.] 

BERI-BERI (ber'i-ber-i), n. Malignant paralyz- 
ing disease of East Indian tropics. 

BERING SEA (ber'ing se). Between Bering 
Strait and Aleutian Islands. 

BERING STRAIT (ber'ing strat). Waterway 
connecting Pacific and Arctic Oceans, separa- 
ting Siberia from Alaska. 

BERLIN (ber-lin'), or Ger. (ber-lin'), n. Capital 
and largest city in German Empire- 

BERMUDAS (ber-mu'daz), n.pl. British islands 
in Atlantic Ocean, 600 m. E. of North Caro- 
lina. 

BERNE (bern), n. Capital of Switzerland. 

BERNICLE (ber'ni-kl), n. Same as BARNACLE, 
a kind of goose. 

BEROE (ber'o-e), n. Medusa remarkable for 
emitting a phosphoric light. [L. Beroe, a sea- 
nymph, daughter of Oceanus.] 

BERRIED (ber'id), a. 1. Furnished with berries. 
2. Having a texture like berries; baccate. 

BERRY (ber'i), n. [pi. BER'RIES.] Small pulpy 
fruit, as the grape, currant, blackberry, etc.; 
also the coffee-bean. [A. S. berie.] 

BERRYING (ber'i-ing), n. Gathering berries, 
especially wild berries. 

BERTH (berth), I. n. 1. Sea-room, as in give a 
wide berth. 2. Small sleeping place in a ship, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BERTH 



120 



BESTIARIAN 



) 



sleeping-car, etc. 3. Ship's station at anchor. 
4. Situation; place of employment. [A. S. 
boerth.] 
BERTH (berth), vt. [pr.p. BERTHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BERTHED (bertht).] 1. Allot a berth to. 
2. Naut. Place at a wharf; give anchorage or 
berthage to. 
BERTHAGE (berth'aj), n. 1. Charges for a 
berth or accommodation of a vessel at a dock 
or pier. 2. Berth or accommodation assigned. 
BeRTILLONAGE (ber-til'yun-aj), n. System of 
identification of criminals depending upon 
accurate measurements of various portions 
of the body. [Alphonse Bcrtillon, of Paris, its 
inventor.] 

BERYL (ber'il), n. Min. Precious stone, 
usually of a greenish-blue tinge, and then 
commonly called aquamarine. It is sometimes 
yellowish and occasionally almost colorless. 
It is a double silicate of alumina and glucina, 
and differs from the emerald only in its color- 
ing matter, which is oxide of iron in the beryl 
and oxide of chromium in the emerald. [Gr. 
beryllos.] 

BERYLLINE (ber'il-in), a. Resembling beryl; 
of a light or bluish green. 

BERYLLOID (ber'il-oid), n. Double pyramidical 
form of beryl crystals. 

BESAGNE (be-san'), n. Shield-plate of special 
metal to protect seams in steel armor plate. 

BESEECH (be-sech), vt. [pr.p. BESEECHING; 
p. t. and p.p. BESOUGHT (be-sat).] 1. Pray 
earnestly; supplicate; entreat; implore. 2. 
Ask; petition; solicit. [BE-, and root of SEEK] 

SYN. Pray; request; beg. ANT. Insist; 
demand; exact; command; coerce. 

BESEEM (be-semO, vt. [pr.p. BESEEMING; 
p.t. and p.p. BESEEMED (be-semd').] Be 
worthy or fit for; become. 

BESEE3IINGLY (be-sem'ing-li), adv. In a 
beseeming manner; becomingly. 

BESET (be-sef), vt. [pr.p. BESET'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. BESET'.] 1. Set upon; surround; 
waylay; harass. 2. Set around, as jewels 
in a crown. [A. S. bisettan, surround.] 

BESETTING (be-set'ing), a. Constantly sur- 
rounding or attacking.* 

BESHREW (be-shro'), vt. [pr.p. BESHREW- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BESHREWED (be-shrod').] 
Execrate. 

BESIDE (be-sid'), prep. 1. By the side of. 2. 
Over and above. 3. Distinct from; aside 
from. 4. Out of. [BE- and SIDE.] 

BESIDES (be-sidz'), I. prep. 1. Over and above. 
2. Distinct from. II. adv. Moreover; in 
addition; also. 

BESIEGE (be-sej'), vt. [pr.p. BESIEG'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BESIEGED (be-sejd').] Lay siege 
to; beset with armed forces; beset. 

BESIEGER (be-sej'er), n. One who besieges. 

BESMEAR (be-smer'), vt. [pr.p. BESMEAR'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BESMEARED (be-smerd').] 
Smear over; bedaub. 



BES31IRCH (be-smerch), vt. [pr.p, BE- 
SMIRCHING; p.t. and p.p. BESMIRCHED (be- 
smerchd').] Defile; soil; put a conspicuous 
blot upon. 
BESOM (be'zum), n. Broom made of twigs; 

anything that sweeps away. [A. S. besma.] 
BESOT (be-sot), vt. [pr.p. BESOT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. BESOT 'TED.] Make sottish, dull, 
or stupid by drink, or other vice. 
BESOTTED (be-sot'ed), a. Stupefied as if with 

drink; drunken. 
BESOTTEDLY (be-sot'ed-li), adv. In a besotted 

manner. 
BESOTTEDNESS (be-sot'ed-nes), n. State or 

quality of being besotted. 
BESOUGHT (be-sat), v. Past tense and past 

participle of BESEECH. 
BESPANGLE (be-spang'gl), vt. [pr.p. BE- 
ST AN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. BESPANGLED 
(be-spang'gld).] Adorn with spangies; span- 
gle. 
BESPATTER (be-spat'er), vt. [pr.p. BESPAT'- 
TERING; p.t. and p.p. -BESPATTERED (be- 
spat'erd).] 1. Soil by spattering. 2. Asperse 
with calumny. 
BESPEAK (be-spek'), vt. [pr.p. BESPEAK'ING; 
p.t. BESPOKE (be-spok); p.p. BESPOKE or 
BESPOKEN (be-spok'n).] 1. Speak for or 
engage beforehand. 2. Betoken; show. 3. 
Speak to. 
BESPRINKLE {be-spring'kl), vt. [pr.p. BE- 
SPRINKLING; p.t. and p.p. BESPRINKLED 
(be-spring'kld).] Sprinkle over; bedew. 
BESSARABIA (bes-a-ra'bi-a), n. District of 

Russia, E. and N. E. of Roumania. 
BESSEMER (bes'e-mer), n. Steel prepared by 
a process invented by Henry Bessemer of Eng- 
land. 
BEST (best), I. a. [Superl. of GOOD.] Most 
excellent. II. n. Highest degree of excel- 
lence; utmost endeavor; most excellent person 
or thing. III. adv. [Superl. of WELL.] 1. 
In the highest degree; beyond all others. 2. 
Most easily; most successfully, etc. 
BEST (best), vt. [pr.p. BESTING; p.t. and p.p. 
BEST'ED.] Get the better of; surpass. 
(Colloq.) 
BESTEAD (be-sted'), a. Circumstanced, as 

in ill-bestead; beset. [BE- and STEAD.] 
BESTIAL (bes'chal or bes'ti-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to the inferior animals; belonging to beasts or 
a beast. 2. Having the brutish instincts of a 
beast; sensual; depraved. [L. bestialis; from 
bestia, beast.] 
BESTIALITY (bes-ti-al'i-ti), n. Quality or con- 
dition of being a beast or acting like one. 
BESTIALIZE (bes'ti-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. BES'TI- 
ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. BESTIALIZED 
(bes'ti-al-izd).] Render bestial; make a beast 
of; reduce to the level of beast. 
BESTIALLY (bes'ti-al-i), adv. After the man- 
ner of a beast. 
BESTIARIAN (bes-ti-a'ri-an), n. One who takes 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



I 



BESTIR 



121 



BETWEEN 



an interest in the kind treatment of beasts. 

[L. bcstia, beast.] 
BESTIR (be-sterO, vt. [pr.p. BESTIRRING; p.t. 

and p.p. BESTIRRED (be-sterd').] Put into 

lively action. 
BESTOW (be-sto), vt. [pr.p. BESTOWING; 

p.t. and p.p. BESTOWED (be-stod').] 1. Store 

up. 2. Apply; use. 3. Gjive. 

SYN. Grant; give; confer; present; allot; 

accord; afford; impart. ANT. Withhold; 

reserve; appropriate; usurp; seize. 
BESTOWAL (be-sto'al, n. Bestowment; act of 

bestowing. 
BESTOWER (be-sto'er), n. One who bestows. 
BESTOWING (be-sto'ing), «. Power or right to 

bestow; bestowment. 
BESTOWMENT (be-sto'ment), n. 1. Act of 

bestowing or state of being bestowed. 3. 

That which is bestowed. 
BESTRADDLE (be-strad'l), vt. [pr.p. BE- 

STRAD'DLING; p.t. and p.p. BESTRAB- 

DLED (be-strad'ld).] Bestride. 
BESTREW (be-stro), vt. [pr.p. BESTREWING; 

p.t. BESTREWED (be-strod') ; p.p. BESTREWN 

(be-stron').] Scatter over; besprinkle. 
BESTRIDE (be-strid), vt. [pr.p. BESTRID'ING; 

p.t. BESTRODE (be-strod'), or BESTRID'; p.p. 

BESTRID'DEN or BESTRID'.] Stride over; 

stand or sit astride of. [See STRIDE.] 
BESTRODE (be-strod), v. Past tense of 

BESTRIDE. 
BESTUD (be-stud'), vt. [pr.p. BESTUD'DING; 

p.t. and p.p. BESTUD'DED.] Ornament with 

studs or small points. 
BET (bet), v. [pr.p. BET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

BET or BET'TED.] I. vt. Mutually pledge as 

a forfeit on a future contingency; wager; 

stake. II. vi. Lay a wager. [Probably from 

ABET.] 
BET (bet), n. 1. Wager; a mutual pledge of a 

forfeiture on a future contingency. 2. Rela- 
tion arising from such a pledging. 3. Thing 

so pledged. 4. Contingency in question. 5. 

Rash confidence; hazardous venture. 
BETAKE (bc-tak), vt. [pr.p. BETAKING; p.t. 

BETOOK (be-tok') ; p.p. BETAKEN.] 1. Take 

(one's self) or repair (to). 2. Apply (one's self) 

or have recourse (to). 
BETEL (be'tl), n. Species of pepper, the leaves 

of which are chewed with the betel-nut by 

natives in the East Indies. [Pg.] 
BETEL-NUT (be'tl-nut), n. Seed of a species 

oi palm-tree (Areca Catechu). [See BETEL.] 
BETE NOIRE (bat nwar'). Object of dread 

or dislike ; bugbear. [Fr., literally, black beast.] 
BETHEL (bethel), n. 1„ Church; chapel; place 

of worship. 2. Chapel for seamen. 3. In 

England, dissenting place of worship. [Heb., 

house of God.] 
BETHINK (be-thingk), v. [pr.p. BETHINKING; 

p.t. and p.p. BETHOUGHT (be-that).] I. vt. 

Cause to think about; recall. II. vi. Think; 

deliberate; consider; reflect. 



BETHLEHEM (beth'le-hem), n. Town in Pal* 
estine, accepted birthplace of Christ. 

BETIDE (be-tid), v. [pr.p. BETIDING; p.t. 
and p.p. BETI'DED.] I. vt. 1. Befall; happen 
to. 2. Betoken; presage. II. vi. Come 
to pass; happen. [A. S. be-, and tiden, happen. 
See TIDE.] 

BETI31ES (be-timz'), adv. 1. In good time; 
seasonably. 2. Soon; speedily. 

BETOKEN (be-to'ken), vt. [pr.p. BETOKEN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BETOKENED (be-to'kend).] 

1. Be a token of; show forth; symbolize. 2. 
Foreshow; predict. 

BETOOK (be-tok'), v. Past tense of BETAKE. 

BETRAY (be-tra), vt. [pr.p. BETRAYING; p.t. 
and p.p. BETRAYED (be-trad').] 1. Deliver 
up to an enemy by treachery; prove traitor to. 

2. Disclose treacherously (what has been in- 
trusted for secrecy). 3. Prove unfaithful to, 
as a trust or a friend. 4. Lead astray; expose 
to injury by violation of confidence. 5. Mis- 
lead; deceive. 6. Discover or show (what was 
intended to be concealed). 7. Disappoint 

(expectation). [A. S. oe, and O. Fr. traien 

L. tradoy deliver up.] 

SYN. Disclose; divulge; reveal; deceive; 
delude; dupe; circumvent; beguile; entrap; 
insnare. ANT. Protect; preserve; guard; 
conserve; foster; cherish; conceal. 

BETRAYAL (be-tra'al), n. Act of betraying. 

BETRAYER (be-tra'er), n. One who betrays. 

BETROTH(be-trath'), vt. [pr.p. BETROTHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BETROTHED (be-tratht').] 1. 
Promise to give in marriage. 2. Engage to 
marry. [A. S. be, and TROTH.] 

BETROTHAL (be-trath'al), n. Act of betroth- 
ing; state of being betrothed. 

BETROTHMENT (be-trath'ment), n. Same as 
BETROTHAL. 

BETTER (bet'er), I. a. [Comp. of GOOD.] 1. 
3Iore excellent or desirable; of greater worth, 
virtue, etc.; more suitable. 2. Improved, as 
in health, condition, etc. II. adv. [Comp. of 
WELL.] In a more excellent manner, more fully 
or complete; more advantageously. III. n. 1. 
That which is superior. 2. Person of superior 
qualities or rank (usually in the plural, with a 
possessive pronoun, as in your betters). [A. S. 
betcroy better.] 

BETTER (bet'er), vt. [pr.p. BET'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. BETTERED (bet'erd).] Improve; 
make better; enhance; ameliorate; surpass. 

BETTER (bet'er), n. One who bets. 

BETTERMENT (bet'er-ment), n. Improvement, 
especially upon an estate which renders it 
more valuable. 

BETTOR (bet'ur), n. One who bets or lays 
wagers; a better. 

BETTY (bet'i), ». [pi. BET'TIES.] Short crow- 
bar; jimmy. (Slang.) 

BETWEEN (be-twen'), I. prep. 1. In the space 
of time which separates. 2. In the mutual 
relations of. 3. In joint possession or interest 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burl). 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7 in Scotch loch. 



BETWEENDECKS 



122 



BIAXAL 



of. 4. By the action or situation of both of. 

5. In regard to the qualities of. 6. Concerning 

one or the other of. 7. From one to another. 

II. adv. In the intervening space or time, etc. 

(The object is always easily supplied.) [A. S. 

from be, by, and twene, two.] 
BETWEENDECKS (be-twen'deks), n. Nant. 

Deck of vessel below upper deck and above 

the hold. 
BETWEENS (be-twenz'), n.pl. Grade of sewing- 
needles intermediate between sharps and 

blunts. 
BETWEEX-WHILES (be-twen'hwilz), adv. At 

various intervals. 
BEVEL (bev'el), v. [pr.p. BEVELING; p.t. and 

p.p. BEVELED (bev'eld).] I. vt. Give a bevel 

or slanting edge to. II. vi, Slant from a 

straight line. 
BEVEL-ANGLE (bev'el-ang-gl), n. Either an 

obtuse or an acute angle. 
BEVEL-EDGE (bev'el-ej), n. Among masons, 

the edge of a sharp tool sloping toward the 

point. 
BEVEL-GEAR (bev'el-ger), 

n. Wheel-work whose cogs 

stand beveling, or at ob- 

liqtie angles to the shaft. 
BEVELMENT (bev'el-ment), 

n. Min. Replacement of an 

edge by two similar planes, 

equally inclined to the in- 
cluding faces or adjoining 

planes. 
BEVEL-SQUARE (bev'el- 

skwar), n. Square, the 

blade of which is adjustable to any angle 

in the stock, and retained at any "set" by 

a clamping screw; bevel. 
BEVERAGE (bev'er-aj), n. Liquid used for 

drinking; drink. [O. Fr. beuvrage, from bevre, 

drink; from L. bibo, drink.] 
BEVY (bev'i), n. [pi. BEVIES.] 1. Flock of 

birds; troop of deer. 2. Small company, 

especially of girls or women. [O. Fr. buvee, 

troop of watering animals.] 
BEWAIL (be-wal), I. vt. [pr.p. BEWAIL'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. BEWAILED (be-wald').] Lament 

for; bemoan; wail. II. vi. Express grief. 

[See WAIL.] 
BEWARE (be-war'), I. vt. Be wary of; be on 

one's guard against, II. vi. Take care; be 

wary. [BE WARE ! = be wary !] 
BEWILDER (be-wil'der), vt. [pr.p. BEWEL/DER- 

IXG; p.t. and p.p. BEWILDERED (be-wil'- 

derd).] Confuse; perplex; confound. 
BEWILDERMENT (be-wil'der-ment), n. 1. 

State of being bewildered. 2. Perplexity; en- 
tanglement. 
BEWITCH (be-wich'), vt. [pr.p. BEWITCHING; 

p.t. and p.p. BEWITCHED (be-wicht ).] 

1 Affect by witchcraft. 2. Charm; fas- 
cinate. 
BEWITCHERY (be-wicher-i), n. Resistless 




Bevel-gear. 



power of anything that fascinates; state of 
being fascinated. 

BEWITCHING (be-wich'ing), a. Fascinating; 
captivating; charming. 

BEWITCHINGLY (be-wich'ing-li), adv. In a 
bewitching manner. 

BEWITCHMENT (be-wich'ment), n. 1. Power 
of fascinating or charming; fascination. 2. 
Act of bewitching, or the state of being be- 
witched. 

BEWRAY (be-ra'), vt. [pr.p. BEWRAYING; p.t. 
and p.p. BEWRAYED (be-rad ').] Disclose; 
betray. [A. S. be, and icregan, disclose.] 

BEY (ba), n. 1. Turkish governor. 2. Any 
Turkish nobleman or person of rank. [Turk. 
beg, lord.] 

BEYLIK (ba'lik), n. Province governed by a 
bey. 

BEYOND (be-yond'), I. prep. 1. On the farther 
side of. 2. Farther onward than. 3. In a 
degree exceeding or surpassing; past, or out 
of reach of. IL adv. Further; at a greater 
distance than; far away; yonder. III. n. That 
which is beyond or on the other side, especially 
that which is outside of our earthly life. [A. 
S. be-, and geond, over, beyond.] 

BEZAN (ba'zan), n. Bengalee white or striped 
cotton cloth. [Bengalee.] 

BEZEL (bez'el), n. 1. Oblique side or face. 2. 
Groove in which a crystal is set. 3. Beveled 
edge, or groove into which it fits. [O. Fr. bisel.] 

BEZIQUE (be-zek'), n. French game of cards. 
[Fr. besiqueJ] 

BEZOAR (bez'6-ar), n. Supposed antitoxic 
membrane found in the cow and used in ori- 
ental countries as antidote for poisons of all 
kinds. [Pers. paidzahr, counter-poison.] 

BHANG, BANG, BANGUE (bang), n. Intoxi- 
cating or stupefying liquor or drug made from 
the dried leaves of Indian hemp; hasheesh. 
[Anglo-Ind.] 

BI-, prefix. Two; twice; double; as bicarbonate 
of potash, a compound of potash with two 
atoms of carbonic acid; bi valve, two-valve. 
Before a vowel it takes the form of bin, as 
binocular, having two eyes. [See BIS-.] [L. 
from 6 is, twice — duo, two.] 

BIANGTJLAR (bi-ang'gu-lar), a. Having two 
angles. 

BIAS (bi'as), I. n. 1. Slant or leaning to one 
side. 2. Inclination of the mind; prejudice. 
II. a. Slanting; with a slant. III. adv. In a. 
slanting manner. [Fr. biais, slant.] 

SYN. Bent; tendency; inclination; pro- 
pensity; predisposition; predilection; prej- 
udice; partiality. ANT. Fairness; impar- 
tiality. 

BIAS (bi'as), vt. [pr.p. BIASING; p.t. and p.p. 
BIASED (bi'ast).] 1. Cause to incline to one 
side; prejudice. 2. Bowling. Cause to swerve 
in rolling. 

BIAXAL (bi-aks'al), BIAXIAL (bi-aks'i-al), a. 
Opt. Having two axes. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ]zh=ch in Scotch lock. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BIB 



123 



BICYCLIST 



BIB (bib), n. 1. Cloth put under an infant's chin 
to keep the dress clean. 2. Waistpiece of 
apron. [M. E. bibben, imbibe, because the 
cloth absorbs the moisture; L. bibo, drink.] 

BIB (bib), v. [pr.p. BIBBING; p.t. and p.p. 
BIBBED (bibd).] I. vt. Drink. II. vi. Tip- 
ple. 

BIBACIOUS (bi-ba'shus), a. Addicted to drink- 
ing. 

BIBASIC (bi-ba/sik), a. Containing two atoms 
of hydrogen which can be replaced by other 
bases, as some acids. 

BIBB (bib), n. Naut. Wooden bracket bolted 
to the hounds of the head of a mast to sup- 
port the trestle-trees. 

BIBBER (bib'er), n. Tippler; drinker. [L. Mbo, 
drink.] 

BlBLE (bi'bl), n. 1. Book accepted by the Chris- 
tian Church as containing divine revelation. 
2. Book regarded by others than Christians as 
containing divine revelation. [Gr. biblia, 
books.] 

BlBLICAL (bib'li-kal), a. Pertaining to the 
Bible. 

BlBLICALLT (bib'li-kal-i), adv. According to 
the Bible. 

BlBLICIST (bib'U-slst), n. One versed in Bibli- 
cal learning. 

BIBLIOCLAST (bib'li-o-klast), n. Destroyer of 
books. 

BIBLIOGRAPHER (bib-li-og'ra-fer), n. One 
versed in bibliography. 

BIBLIOGRAPHIC (bib-li-o-graf'ik), BIBLIO- 
GRAPHICAL (bib-li-o-grafik-al), a. Per- 
taining to bibliography. 

BIBLIOGRAPHY (bib-li-og'ra-fl), n. Descrip- 
tion of books as to authorship, subject, date, 
edition, etc. [Gr. biblion, book, and graph 6, 
write.] 

BIBLIOLOGY (bib-li-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Discourse 
about the books of the Bible, or about 
Bible doctrine, history, and precepts. 2. [b-] 
Bibliography. [Gr. biblion, book, and 

-LOGY.] 

BIBLIOMANIA (bib-li-o-ma'ni-a), n. Mania 
for possessing books, especially rare and cu- 
rious ones. [Gr. biblion, book, and mania, 
madness.] 

BIBLIOMANIAC (bib-li-o-ma'ni-ak), n. One 
who has bibliomania. 

BIBLIOPHILE (bib'li-o-fll), n. Lover of books. 
[Gr. biblion, book, and philos, loving.] 

BIBLIOPOLE (bib'li-o-pol), n. Bookseller. [Gr. 
biblion. book, and poled, sell.] 

BIBLIOTHECA (bib-li-o-the'ka), n. Library. 
[Gr. biblion, book, and theke, case.] 

BIBLTJS (bib'lus), n. The papyrus. [L., from 
Gr. byblos.] 

BIBULOUS (bib'u-lus), a. 1. Inclined to tippling. 
2. Absorbent. [L. bibo, drink.] 

BICARBONATE (bi-kar'bo-nat), n. Chem. Car- 
bonate containing two equivalents of carbonic 
acid to one of a base. [BI- and CARBONATE.] 



BICE (bis), n. Color used in painting, of two 
varieties, a pale blue and a green. [Fr., brown.] 

BICEPHALOUS (bi-sef'a-lus), a. Having two 
heads. [BI-, and Gr. kephale, head.] 

BICEPS (bi'seps), n. Front muscle of the upper 
arm. [L. bi (for bis), two, and caput, head.] 

BICHLORID (bi-clo'rid), BICHLORIDE (bi- 
clo'rid), n. Chem. Compound containing two 
atoms of chlorin to one atom of base. 

BICIPITAL (bi-sip'i-tal), a. Having two heads or 
two origins, as the bicipital muscles of the 
arm. [See BICEPS.] 

BICKER (biker), vi. [pr.p. BICKERING; p.t. 
and p.p. BICKERED (bikerd).] 1. Engage in 
altercation, especially of a petty kind, by word 
of mouth; dispute; bandy words; wrangle. 2. 
Ripple. 3. Move quickly, with the clatter of 
feet. [Etym. doubtful; cognate with Wei. 
bikra, fight.] 

BICKER (bik'er), n. 1. Confused fight. 2. 
Dispute; wrangle. 3. Short, quick, clattering 
run. 

BICKERER (bik'er-er), n. One who bickers. 

BICKERN (bik'ern), n. Small anvil with a tang 
which stands in a hole of a work-bench. [Cor- 
ruption of BEAK-IRON.] 

BICOLOR (bl'kul-ur), BICOLORED (bi'kul-urd), 
a. Of two colors. 

BICONJUGATE (bi-kon'ju-gat), a. Bot. In 
pairs, side by side. 

BICORN (bi'karn), a. Two-horned. [L. bicornis.] 

BICORNIS (bi-karn'is), a. 1. Anat. Having two 
terminations, as some muscles. 2. Bot. Hav- 
ing two horns; terminating in processes like 
two horns. [L., two-horned.] 

BICORNUS (bi-karn'us), a. Two-horned. 

BICORPORAL (bi-karpo-ral), a. Her. Having 
two bodies. 

BICRON (bi'kron), n. Mathematical designa- 
tion of one billionth of one meter. 

BICUSPID (bi-kus'pid), 1. a. 1. Anat. Having 
two points, or two fangs. 2. Bot. Double- 
pointed. II. n. Anat. Either of two teeth 
situated between the canines and the molars. 
[L. bi, two, and cuspis, point.] 

BICUSPID ATE (bi-kus'pi-dat), a. Having two 
points; bicuspid. 

BICYCLE (bi'si-kl), n. 
Two-wheeled vehicle, 
with the wheels ar- 
ranged tandem, and 
having a steering 
handle and a driv- 
ing mechanism en- 
abling the rider, who sits astride on a saddle, 
to propel it by means of pedals. [BI- and 
-CYCLE.] 

BICYCLE (bi'si-kl), vi. [pr.p. BI'CYCLING; p.U 
and p.p. BICYCLED (bisi-kld).] Ride a bi- 
cycle. 

BICYCLER (bi'si-kler), n. Bicyclist; cyclist. 

BICYCLIST (bi'si-klist), n. One who rides a 
bicycle; cyclist. 




Bicycle. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BICYCLOMETER 



124 



BIGOT 



BICYCLOMETER (bl-si-klom'e-ter), n. Self- 
registering and self-recording meter placed 
on pedal-crank of bicycle to register both 
speed and distance traveled on a bicycle. 

BID (bid), v. [pr.p. BIDDING; p.t. BADE (bad) 
or BID; p.p. BID'DEN or BID.] I. vt. 1. Com- 
mand; order; enjoin. 2. Invite; ask; request 
to come. 3. Offer; make a tender. 4. Declare; 
proclaim; as to bid defiance. 5. Wish; as to 
bid one God speed, or bid one farewell. II. 
vi. Make an offer; announce what price one 
is willing to pay for anything, or for what 
price one will do a particular thing. — Bid 
fair, offer a fair prospect. [A. S. beodan, 
command; also A. S. biddan, ask, pray.] 

SYN. Instruct; direct; charge; summon; 
tender; proffer; propose. ANT. Forbid; 
deter; restrain; prohibit. 

BID (bid), n. 1. An offer to pay or accept a par- 
ticular price. 2. Amount of the bid. 

BIDDER (bid'er), n. One who bids. 

BIDDING (biding), n. 1. Command; order. 
2. Invitation. 3. Act of bidding, as at a sale 
or auction. 

BIDDY (bid'i), n. Domestic fowl; chicken. 
[Etym. doubtful, probably from Fr. bidet, little 
creature.] 

BIDE (bid), v. [pr.p. BIDING; p.t. and p.p. 
BI'DED or BODE.] I. vt. 1. Await; wait for. 
2. Endure; suffer; tolerate. II. vi. Dwell; 
abide; stay; wait. [A. S. bidan.] 

BIDENT (bi'dent), n. Kind of spear having two 
points. [L. bidens, having two teeth or prongs.] 

BIDENTAL (bi-dent'al), n. Having two prongs 
more or less like teeth. [L. bi, two, and dens, 
tooth.] 

BIDING (bi'ding), w. 1. Residence; habitation. 
2. An awaiting. 

BIENNIAL (bi-en'ni-al), I. a. 1. Lasting two 
years. 2. Occurring once in two years. II. n. 
1. Plant that lives two years. 2. Biennial 
occurrence. [L. bi, two, and annus, year.] 

BIENNIALLY (bi-en'ni-al-i), adv. Every two 
years. 

BIER (ber), n. Frame of wood for carrying the 
dead. [A. S. boer; from beran, bear.] 

BIESTINGS (best'ingz), n.pl. Same as BEEST- 
INGS. 

BIFER (bi'fer), n. Bot. 
Plant bearing flowers or 
fruit twice in one season. 
[L. bi-, two, and fero, bear.] 

BIFEROUS (bif'er-us), a. 
Bot. Bearing twice in one 
season. 

BIFID (bifid), a. Split 
partly into two; two-cleft. 
[L. bi-, two, and findo, 
fidi, cleave.] 

BIFOLIATE (bi-fo'li-at), o. 
Bot. Two-leaved; having 
two leaves. [BI- and FO- 
LIATE.] 




Bifoliate Plant. 



BIFOLIOLATE (bi-fo'li-o-lat), a. Bot. Having 
two leaflets growing from the same point at 
the apex of the common petiole. 

BIFURCATE (bi-furkat), vi. [pr.p. BIFUR'- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. BIFUR'CATED.] Di- 
vide into two branches. [L. bi-, two, and {urea, \ 
fork.] 

BIFURCATED (bi-fur'ka-ted), a. Having two I 
branches or forks. 

BIFURCATION (bi-fur-ka'shun), n. Forking fj 
into two branches. 

BIG (big), a. [Comp. BIG'GER; Superl. BIG'- I 
GEST.] 1. Large or great in bulk, amount, , 
number, or intensity. 2. Full to overflowing. 
3. Haughty; self-important. 4. Pregnant. 
[Etym. unknown.] 

SYN. Large; great; gross; massive; huge; 
bulky; enormous; ponderous; pompous; 
arrogant; proud. ANT. Little; small; nar- 
row; slight; minute; affable; easy. 

BIGA (bi'ga), n. Bom. Antiq. Chariot drawn 
by two horses abreast. [L.] 

BIGAMIST (biga-mist), n. One guilty of 
bigamy. 

BIGAMOUS (big'a-mus), a. Pertaining to 
bigamy; involving the commission of 
bigamy. 

BIGAMY (big'a-mi), n. Contracting a second 
marriage knowing the first to be still existing; 
having two wives or two husbands at a time. 
[L. bi-, two, and Gr. gamos, marriage.] 

BIGGER (big'er), a. Comparative of BIG. 

BIGGEST (big'est), a. Superlative of BIG. 

BIGGIN (big'in), n. 1. A child's cap. 2. Big- 
gonet. [Fr. beguin.] 

BIGGIN (big'in), n. Coffee-pot with a top fur- 
nished with a percolator. [Named from the 
inventor, Mr. Biggin.] 

BIGGONET (big'o-net), n. Linen cap or coif, 
with large ear-like flaps, worn especially by 
the Beguin sisterhood. [Dim. of biggin.] 

BIGHEAD (big'hed), n. 1. Vet. Disease in 
horses and cattle causing enlargement of the 
head. 2. Megalomania. 

BIGHORN (big'harn), n. 1. Rocky Mountain 
sheep (Ovis montana). 2. Great fossil elk 
( Cervus megaceros). [See ROCKY MOUNTAIN 
SHEEP.] 

BIGHT (bit), n. 1. Hollow, or inner bend of 
something bent; as the bight of the arm, the 
hollow of the elbow joint. 2. Geog. Bend of 
the shore; bay; small recess in a bay; bend 
in a river. 3. Naut. Loop or coil in a rope. 
[A. S. bugan, bend.] 

BIGNESS (big'nes), n. 1. Bulkiness; largeness. 
2. Size, whether great or small. 

BlGNONIA (big-no'ni-a), n. Bot. Genus of 
plants; the trumpet-flowers. Bignonia grandi- 
folia is the Chinese trumpet-flower, a climber 
having splendid scarlet flowers. [Named from 
Abbe Bignon, librarian of Louis XIV.] 

BIGOT (big'ut), n. Intolerant adherent of a par- 
ticular creed, system, or party. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u = w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



BIGOTED 



125 



BILLET 



BIGOTED (big'ut-ed), a. Affected with big- 
otry; narrow-minded. 

BIGOTRY (big'ut-ri), n. Blind and obstinate 
attachment to a creed, system or party, with 
offensive intolerance toward those who hold 
other views. [Fr. bigoterie.] 

BIJOU (be-zho'), n. [pi. BIJOUX (be-zho').] 
Trinket, jewel, or any small article of exquisite 
workmanship or design. [Fr.] 

BIJOUTRY (be-zho'tri), n. Bijoux collectively. 
[Fr. bijouterie.] 

BIKE (bik), n. Bicycle. (Slang.) 

BILABIATE (bi-la'bi-at), a. Bot. Having two 
lips; applied to a flower that has all or any of 
its parts collected into separate parcels or 
lips. [L. bi-, two, and labia, lip.] 

BILALO (be-la'lo), n. [pi. BILA'LOS.] Two- 
masted passenger boat used in Manila bay. 
[East Ind.] 

BILAMELLATE (bi-lam'el-lat), a. Of or having 
two plates or lamellae. 

BILAMINATE (bi-lam'i-nat), a. BoU Of or 
having two laminae. 

BILANDER (bil'an-der), n. Broad and flat 
boat used chiefly on the Dutch canals. [Dut. 
biglander, coaster.] 

BILATERAL (bi-lat'er-al), a. 1. Having, or 
arranged upon, two sides. — Bilateral symmetry, 
symmetry on the two opposite sides, as is the 
case with most animals, excepting the 
Radiata. 

BILBERRY (bil'ber-i), n. [pi. BIL'BERRIES.] 
European whortleberry (Vaccinium Myrtillus). 
[Sax. bilig, bladder, and BERRY.] 

BILBO (bil'bo), n. [pi. BIL'BOES.] 1. Flexible- 
bladed sword made at Bilboa, a town in Spain. 
2. [pi.] Kind of fetters, consisting of a large 
bar of iron with shackles on it, made at 
Bilboa. 

BILE (bil), w. 1. Thick, yellow, bitter liquid, 
secreted by the liver. 2. Ill humor. [L. bilis, 
bile.] 

BILGE (bilj), n. 1. Bulging part of a cask. 2. 
Broadest part of a ship's bottom. 3. Bilge- 
water. 

BILGE (bilj), v. [pr.p. BIL'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
BILGED (biljd).] Naut. I. vt. Cause to 
spring a leak, as a ship breaking in her bilge. 
II. vi. Spring a leak by a fracture in the bilge. 

BILGE-WATER (bilj'wa-ter), n. Foul water 
which gathers in the bilge of a ship. [See 
BULGE.] 

BILGE-WAYS (bilj'waz), n. Stocks or timbers 
that sustain the bilge of a vessel while being 
built. 

BILGY (bil'ji), a. Like bilge-water, as in smell. 

BILIARY (bil'i-a-ri), a. Pertaining to or con- 
veying bile. 

BILINGUAL (bi-ling'gwal), a. 1. Speaking two 
languages. 2. Written or expressed in two 
languages. [L. bilinguis; from bi-, two, and 
lingua, tongue.] 

BILIOUS (bil'yus), a. 1. Pertaining to bile. 2. 



Affected by bile; having a disordered liver; 
choleric in temper. 

BILIOUSNESS (bil r yus-nes), n. State of being 
bilious. 

BILITERAL (bl-lit'er-al), a. Formed of two 
letters. [L. bi, two, and liter a, letter.] 

BILITH (bi'lith), n. Pillar or monument formed 
by two separate stones. [BI-, and Gr. lithos, 
stone.] 

-BILITY (bil'i-ti), suffix. Used for forming 
nouns from adjectives in -able, as capability 
from capable. [Fr. -bilite; from L. -bilitos, 
from -bilis, -able.] 

BILK (bilk), vt. [pr.p. BILKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BILKED (bilkt).] 1. Cheat; defraud; swindle. 
2. Frustrate; disappoint. [Etyra. doubtful; 
probably a variant of BALK.] 

BILK (bilk), n. 1. Cheat; fraud. 2. Frustra- 
tion; balk. 

BILL (bil), n. Beak of a bird, or anything similar 
in appearance. [A. S. bile, beak„] 

BILL (bil), vi. [pr.p. BILLING; p.t. and p.p, 
BILLED (bild).] Join bills in a caress, as 
doves; caress; show special affection. 

BILL (bil), n. 1. Cutting instrument hook- 
shaped towards the point, or concave edge. 2. 
Ancient military weapon having a hook- 
shaped blade. 3. Any instrument shaped 
like the hooked bill of a bird, as a pickax, 
point of the fluke of an anchor, etc. [A. S. 
bill, ax, sword.] 

BILL (bil), vt. [pr.p. BILLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BILLED (bild).] Use a bill upon. 

BILL (bil), n. 1. Written or printed statement of 
particulars; itemized list. 2 Account of 
money due. 3. Document for the transfer 
of money or the delivery of goods. 4. Any 
paper that circulates as money. 5. Adver- 
tising poster or circular. 6. Draft of pro- 
posed law. 7. Complaint, charge, petition, 
or statement of particulars filed in court. [O. 
Fr. Mile; from L. L. bill, a variant of bulla, 
seal.] 

BILL (bil), vt. [pr.p. BILLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BILLED (bild).] 1. Enter in a bill; make a 
bill of; charge. 2. Post or circulate in bills; 
announce by means of bills. 3. Put on a 
programme or announce the appearance of in 
a particular performance, or at a specified 
time and place. 

BILLABLE (bil'a-bl), a. Subject to charge by 
bill. 

BILLAGE (bil'aj), n. Naut. Breadthof a ship's 
floor when aground. 

BILLBOARD (bil'bord), n. Board on which 
bills or posters are displayed or posted. 

BILLET (bil'et), n. 1. Little note. 2. Ticket 
directing soldiers at what house to lodge. 3. 
Lodging thus obtained. [Fr., dim. of Mile, bill.] 

BILLET (bil'et), v. [pr.p. BILLETING; p.t. and 
p.p. BIL'LETED.] I. vt. Quarter, as soldiers, 
in a private house. II. vi. Lodge as a sol- 
dier thus quartered. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BILLET 



126 



BINOCLE 



BILLET (bil'et), ». Stick of wood for firing 
purposes; any short thick stick. [Fr. billette, 
fagot.] 

BILLET-DOUX (bil-e-do), n. [pi. BILLETS- 
DOUX (bil-e-doz).] Short love letter. [Fr., 
from billet, little note, and doux, sweet.] 

BILLHEAD (bil'hed), n. Printed or lithographed 
form used by merchants and others at the 
head of their bills or memoranda. 

BILLIARD (bil'yard), a. Pertaining to the game 
of billiards, as billiard table. 

BILLIARDS (bil'yardz), n. Game played on a 
table by means of cues and ivory balls. [Fr. 
billard; from bille, ball.] 

BILLINGSGATE (bil'ingz-gat), n. Vulgar and 
abusive language like that spoken at Billings- 
gate (the great fish-market of London). 

BILLION (bil'yun), n. In the U. S. one thousand 
millions (1,000,000,000); in England one mil- 
lion millions (1,000,000,000,000). [Fr.] 

BILLOW (bil'6), n. 1. Great wave of the sea. 2. 
Great wave of any kind. — The billows, the 
sea. [O. Ger. belgan, swell; allied to BILGE 
or BULGE.] 

BILLOWY (bil'6-i), a. Swelled into billows; 
resembling billows. 

BILLPOSTER (bil'post-er), BILLSTICKER (bil'- 
stik-er), n. One whose occupation is to post 
or stick up bills on billboards, walls, etc. 

BILLY (bil'i), n. [pi. BDLLIES.] Short thick 
bludgeon; policeman's club. [Originally 
thieves' slang.] 

BILOBATE (bi-16'bat), a. Bot. Same as BI- 
LOBED. [BI- and LOBATE.] 

BILOBED (bi'lobd), a. Bot. Two-lobed; partly, 
but not completely, divided into two segments. 

BILOCTJLAR (bi-lok'u-lar), a. Bot. Having 
two cells or compartments. [BI- and LOC- 
ULAR.] 

BlMANA (bi-ma'na), n.pl. First or highest 
order of mammals, characterized by the two 
anterior extremities being formed into hands, 
while the other two extremities are real feet. 
It includes only man. [BI-, and L. manus, 
hand.] 

BIMANE (bi-man), o. Bimanous. [Fr.] 

BIMANOUS (bi-ma'nus), a. Having two hands. 
[L. bi-, two, and manus, hand.] 

BIMEDIAL (bl-me'di-al), a. Geotn. Made up 
of the sum of two medial lines. [BI- and 
MEDIAL.] 

BIMETALLIC (bi-me-tal'ik), o. Of or relating 
to, or consisting of, two metals. 

BIMETALLISM (bi-metal-izm), n. System of 
two metals in circulation as money at a fixed 
ratio. 

BIMETALLIST (bi-met'al-ist), n. One who 
favors bimetallism. 

BIMONTHLY (bi-munth'li), a. Happening, 
arriving, leaving, etc., once in two months. 

BIMUSCULAR (bi-mus'ku-lar), a. Conchol. 
Having two muscles, and consequently two 
muscular impressions on the shell. 



BIN (bin), n. Box or enclosed place, for holding 
corn, coal, meal, etc. Hence such compounds 
as corn-bin, coal-bin, etc. [A. S. binn, man- 
ger, crib.] 

BIN (bin), vt. [pr.p. BIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
BINNED (bind).] Place or store in a bin. 

BIN-, prefix. Form of BI- before vowels. 
[See BI-.] 

BINAL (bi'nal), a. 1. Marked by division into 
two parts. 2. Double; binary. 

BINARY (bi'na-ri), I. a. Consisting of two; 
double; dual. II. n. [pi. BINARIES.] 1. That 
which is constituted of two things; duality. 
2. Astron. Double or binary star. [L. bina- 
rius; from bini, two by two.] 

BIN ATE (bi'nat), a. Same as BIFOLIOUATE. 

BIND (bind), v. [pr.p BINDING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOUND (bownd).] I. vt. 1. Tie, fasten to- 
gether with a band. 2. Sew a binding on. 3. 
Fasten together and place protecting covers 
on (the leaves of a book). 4. Constrain or 
oblige by oath, agreement, or duty. 5. Con- 
firm; ratify; 6. Cause to cohere. 7. Restrain, 
or hold in subjection by physical power of 
any kind. 8. Compel to serve by legal com- 
pact, as to bind an apprentice. II. vi. 1. Grow 
contracted. 2. Become hard or stiff. 3. Be 
obligatory. 4. Stick. 5. Become constrain- 
ing. [A. S. bindan.] 

SYN. Tie; fasten; secure; lace; fetter; 
shackle; oblige; compel; restrict; restrain. 
ANT. Untie; loose; unfasten; free; unbind. 

BIND (bind), n. 1. That which binds or is 
bound. 2. Stalk of hops. 3. Mining. Indura- 
ted clay of coal-mines. 4. Music. Curved line, 
which when placed over two notes of the same 
name or same pitch, directs that the two are 
to be sustained as one; slur; tie; ligature. 

BINDER (bind'er), n. One who or that which 
binds; as, a bookbinder, or any machine or 
device for binding anything, such as an 
attachment to a reaper for binding sheaves of 
grain, or a device attached to a sewing machine 
for folding a binding about the edge of a fabric 
on to which it is being sewed. 

BINDERY (bind'er-i), n. [pi. BIND'EREES.] 
Place where books are bound. 

BINDING (binding), n. 1. Act of one who 
binds. 2. That which binds, as the cover of 
a book, strip sewed on the edge of cloth, etc. 

BINDING (binding), a. 1. Astringent. 2. Ob- 
ligatory. 

BINDINGLY (bind'ing-li), adv. So as to bind. 

BINDWEED (bind'wed), n. Bot. Name given 
to several species of plants of the genus 
Convolvulus, from the fact that they have 
long, slender, twining stems. 

BINNACLE (bina-kl), n. Naut. Case for a 
compass on shipboard. [L. habitaculum, 
dwelling.] 
BINOCLE (bin'o-kl), n. 1. Binocular telescope 
or field-glass. 2. Opera-glass. 3. Double eye- 
glass. [BIN-, and L. oculus, eye.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA, in Scotch loch. 



BINOCULAR 



127 



BIRCH 



BINOCULAR (bin-ok'u-lar), I. a. 1. Having 
two eyes. 2. Pertaining to, or suitable for, 
both eyes. II. n. Telescope, field-glass, or 
microscope fitted for the simultaneous use 
of both eyes. [BIN-, and L. oculus, eye.] 
BINODAL (bi-no'dal), a. Bot, Having two 

nodes or stem-joints. 
BINOMIAL (bi-no'mi-al), I. a. Consisting of, 
or relating to, two terms; having two distinct 
names. II. n. 1. Algebra. Quantity com- 
posed of two terms connected together by the 
signs + or — ; thus, a + o and c — 5 are bi- 
nomial quantities. 2. Biol. Name indicating 
both genus and species, as Ziilium tigrinum, 
or tiger lily. [BI-, and L. nomen, name.] 
BINOMINAL (bi-nom'i-nal), a. Having two 

names. [BI- and NOMINAL.] 
BINOUS (bi'nus), a. Bot. Double; in a pair. 

[L. bini, two by two.l 
BIO, stem. Life; as in oiogeny; autobiography, 

etc. [Gr. bios, life.] 
BIOBLAST (bi'6-blast), n. Same as BIOPLAST. 
BIOCHEMISTRY (bi-6-kem'is-tri), n. Branch 
of biology which treats of the vital phenomena 
dependent upon chemical influences. [BIO and 
CHEMISTRY.] 
BIODYNAMICS (bi-6-di-nam'iks), n. Science 
which treats of vital activities or forces; 
dynamics of life. [BIO and DYNAMICS.] 
BIOGENESIS (bi-6-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. 1. Doc- 
trine that living matter can be produced only 
from that which is itself living. 2. Science 
of the origin of life in its specific forms; 
biogeny. [BIO and GENESIS.] 
BIOGENETIC (bi-6-je-net'ik), n. Pertaining 
to biogenesis; produced in accordance with 
the doctrine of biogenesis. 
BIOGENY (bi-oj'e-ni), n. Biol. History of the 
evolution of living beings, or the origin of 
species. [BIO and -GENT.] 
BIOGRAPH (bi'6-graf), n. Apparatus for 
throwing upon canvas life-like animated 
pictures. [BIO and -GRAPH.] 

SYN. Cinematograph; eidolo scope; mag- 
ni scope; mutoscope; vitascope. 
BIOGRAPHER (bi-og'ra-fer), n. One who 
writes an account of a person's life; writer 
of biography. 
BIOGRAPHIC (bi-6-graf'ik), BIOGRAPHICAL 
(bi-6-graf'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or consist- 
ing of biography. 
BIOGRAPHY (bi-og'ra-fl), «. [pi. BIOG'RA- 
PHIES.] 1. Written account of the life and 
character of a particular person. 2. Biograph- 
ical writings generally. [BIO and -GRAPH Y.] 
BIOLOGICAL (bi-6-loj'i-kal), a. Pertaining or 

relating to biology. 
BIOLOGIST (bi-ol'6-jist), w. One skilled in 

biology. 
BIOLOGY (bi-ol'6-ji), n. 1. Science of life in 
its widest acceptation. 2. Physiology. [BIO 
and -OLOGY.] 
BIOLYTIC (bi-6-lit'ik), I. a. Life-destroying. 



II. n. That which destroys life; biolytic agent. 
[Gr. bios, life, and lyo, loosen.] 

BIOMETER (bi-om'e-ter), n. Instrument for 
registering a person's vital force. [BIO and 
-METER.] 

BIOMETRY (bi-om'e-tri), «. Science which 
calculates the probable duration of life. 
[BIO and -METRY.] 

BION (bi'on), n. Biol. Individual organism. 
[Gr. bios, life.] 

BIONOMY (bi-on'6-mi), n. Biol. That branch 
of biology that treats of the laws of living 
functions. [BIO and -NOMY.] 

BIOPLASM (bi'6-plazm), n. Living formative 
part of protoplasm; germinal matter. [BIO 
and PLASM.] 

BIOPLASMIC (bi-6-plaz'mik), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to bioplasm. 

BIOPLAST (bi 6-plast), n. Nucleus of germinal 
matter; protoplasmic cell. [BIO and -PLAST.] 

BIOPLASTIC (bi-6-plas'tik), a. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a bioplast. 

BIOTICS (bi-ot'iks), n. Science which treats of 
the properties or functions peculiar to living 
organisms. [Gr. biotikos.] 

BIPAROUS (bip'a-rus), a. Producing two at a 
birth. [L. bi-, two, and pario, produce.] 

BIPARTILE (bi-par'til), a. Capable of being 
divided into two equal parts. 

BIPARTISAN (bi-par'ti-zan), I. a. Pertaining 
to, supported by members of, or representing, 
two opposing parties. II. n. One who is sup- 
ported by members of two opposing parties. 

BIPARTITE (bi-par'tit), a. Being in, or con- 
sisting of, two corresponding parts. [BI-, and 
L. pars, part.] 

BIPARTITION (bi-par-tishun), n. 1. Act or 
operation of dividing into two parts. 2. State 
of being so divided. 

BIPED (bi'ped), I. n. Animal having but two 
feet. II. a. Having two feet. 

BIPEDAL (bi'pe-dal), a. Of the nature of or 
pertaining to a biped. [L. bipes; bi, two, and 
pes, pedis, foot.] 

BIPENNATE (bi-pen'at). a. Having two wings. 

BIPETALOUS (bi-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Having 
two petals in the flower. [BI- and PETALOUS.] 

BIPINNATE (bi-pin'at), a. Bot. Doubly pin- 
nate. [BI- and PINNATE.] 

BIPLANE (bi'plan), n. Aeroplane having two 
supporting sur- 
faces or planes. 
[BI- and PLANE.] 
BIQUADRATE 
(bi-kwod'rat), n. 
Math. Fourth Biplane. 

power of a num- 
ber or quantity; square of a square. [BI- and 
QUADRATE.] 

BIRCH (berch), I. n. 1. Hardy forest tree, with 
smooth, white bark, and very durable wood. 
2. Rod for punishment, consisting of a birch 
twig. II. a. Made of birch. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BIRCHEN 



128 



BISEXUAL 



BIRCHEN (berch'en), a. Pertaining to or con- 
sisting of birch. [A. S. beorc] 

BIRD (berd), n. 1. Feathered, warm-blooded, 
oviparous, winged biped, of the class Aves. 

2. Small bird that flies, as distinguished from 
a large one, the latter being called a fowl. 

3. Nestling. 4. Wild bird regarded as game. 
5. Term of endearment or otherwise. — Bird 
of Paradise, New Guinea bird, noted for the 
male bird's beauty of plumage. [A, S. bridd, 
young bird.T 




Bird of Paradise {Paradisea apoda). 

BIRD (berd), vi. [pr.p. BIRDING; p.t. and p.p. 

BIRD'ED.] Go hunting for birds, catch or 

snare birds. 
BIRD-BOLT (berd'bolt), n. Blunt arrow, for 

killing birds without piercing them. 
BIRD-CAGE (berd'kaj), n. Cage for birds. 
BIRDCALL (berd'kal), n. 1. Note of a bird in 

calling. 2. Device to imitate the call note 

of birds. 
BIRDIE (berd'i), w. Little bird. 
BIRDLI3IE (berd'lim), n. Sticky substance for 

smearing on twigs to catch small birds. 
BIRDLIME (berd'lim), vt. [pr.p. BIBD'LI- 

MING; p.t. and p.p. BIRDLIMED (berd'limd).] 

Smear with birdlime. 
BIRD-SEED (berd'sed), n. Any seed adapted for 

feeding birds. 
BIRD'S-EYE (berdz'I), I. a. 1. Resembling a 

bird's eye or birds' eyes. 2. Seen in a general 

way, as if by a bird flying over the landscape. 

II. n. 1. Eye of a bird. 2. Bot. Name of 

several plants with small bright, usually blue, 

flowers; Adonis flower. — Bird's-eye maple, 

sugar maple, so called on account of its 

knotty spots that have some resemblance to 

birds' eyes. 
BIRD'S-FOOT 'berdz'fot), n. Bot. Plant of the 

genus Ornithopus. 
BIRD'S-NEST (berdz'nest), n. 1. Nest of a bird. 

2. Naut. Lookout box on a masthead. 3. 

Bot. Plant resembling a bird's nest. — Edible 



bird's-nest, nest of a species of swift, formed 
from a marine plant that has been first di- 
gested by the bird, esteemed a great delicacy 
in China. 
BIREME (bi'rem), n. Ancient Roman vessel 
with two tiers of oars. [L. bi-, two, and 
rernus, oar.] 
BIRETTA (bi-ret'a), n. Square clerical cap. [L. 

birrettum; from birrus, hood.] 

BlRMINGHASI (ber'ming-am), n. 1. Fourth 

city in England. 2. City in Alabama. 3. 

Suburb of Pittsburg. 

BIRR (ber), vi. [pr.p. BIRR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

BIRRED (berd).] 3Iake a whirring noise, as 

of wheels in rapid motion; whirr. [Scotch.] 

BIRR (ber), n. Whirring sound like that of a 

spinning wheel in motion; whirr. 
BIRTH (berth), n. 1. Act of bringing forth. 2. 
Act of being born; nativity; coming into ex- 
istence. 3. That which is born. 4. Rank; 
lineage. 5. Condition resulting from birth. 
6. Origin; beginning; commencement. [A. S. 
beorth; from beran, bear.] 

SYN. Origin; beginning; source; descent; 
rise; line; race; parentage; family; ances- 
try; lineage; extraction. ANT. Death; 
extinction; plebeianism. 
BIRTHDAY (berth'da), I. n. 1. Day on which 
a person was born. 2. Its anniversary. 3. 
Time of origin or commencement. II. a. 
Pertaining to the day on which one was born, 
or to its anniversary. 
BIRTHMARK (berth'mark), n. Mark or blem- 
ish appearing on the body at birth. 
BIRTHNIGHT (berth'nlt), n. 1. Night of one's 
birth. 2. Night of the anniversary of one's 
birthday. 
BIRTHPLACE (berth'plas), w. Place where a 

person was born; place of origin. 
BIRTHRIGHT (berth'rit), n. Right or privilege 

acquired by birth; right of the first-born. 

BIS, (bis), adv. Twice. In music, a direction 

that a passage is to be repeated. It is the root 

of the prefix BI-, or BIN-. [See BI-.] [L.] 

BIS-, prefix. Same as BI-. [L. bis, twice; from 

duo, two.] 
BISCAY (bis'ka), BAY OF. Portion of Atlantic 

Ocean N. of Spain and W. of France. 
BISCUIT (bis'kit), n. 1. Small bread cake. 2. 
Cracker. 3. Bisque, pottery after the first 
baking. [Fr. biscuit, twice-cooked; from L. 
bis, twice, and coctus, cooked.] 
BISE (bez), n. Cold north-west wind on the 

Mediterranean. [Fr.] 
BISECT (bi'sekt), vt. [pr.p. BI'SECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. BISECTED.] 1. Divide into two 
parts. 2. Divide into two equal parts. [L. 
bi-, two, and sectum, p.p. of seco, cut.] 
BISECTION (bi-sek'shun), n. Act of bisecting. 
BISEGMENT (bi-seg'ment), n. One of the two 
segments of a bisected line. [BI- and SEG- 
MENT.] 
BISEXUAL (bi-seks'u-al), a. Bot. Containing 



fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, te.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



BISHOP 



129 



BIVALENT 




stamens and pistils in the same envelope. 
[BI- and SEXUAL.] 

BISHOP (bish'up),w. 1. One of the higher clergy 
who has charge of a diocese. 2. Piece in the 
game of chess. 3. Mulled wine. 

BISHOPRIC (bish'up-rik), n. Office and juris- 
diction of a bishop; diocese. [A. S. biscop — 
Gr. episkopos, overseer — epi, upon, and sko- 
peo, look.] 

Bismarck (Mz'mark) Archipelago. 

Group of islands (German Protectorate), N. of 
Australia. Area 20,000 sq. m. 

BISMUTH (biz'muth), n. Brittle reddish- white 
metal used in the arts and medicine. [Ger.] 

BISON (bi'sun), 
n. Wild ani- 
mal like the 
ox, with shag- 
gy hair and a 
fatty hump 
on its shoul- 
ders; the A- 
merican bi- 
son is com- 
monly, but American Bison (Bos ameri- 
erroneously, .canus). 
called buffalo. [A. S. wisent.] 

BISQUE (bisk), n. 1. Unglazed white porcelain. 
2. Thick white soup, especially of shell-fish. 
[See BISCUIT.] 

BISSEXTILE (bis-seks'til), I. n. Leap-year. II. 
a. Pertaining to leap-year. [L. bis, twice, 
and sex* us, sixth; from counting twice every 
fourth year Feb. 24, the sixth day before the 
calends of March. 

BISTER, BISTRE (bis'ter), n. Brown pigment 
from wood-soot. [Fr. bistre, dark brown.] 

BISTOURY (bis'to-ri), n. Surg. Small knife or 
lancet for making incisions. [O. Fr. bistorie.] 

BISULPHATE (bi-sul'fat), n. Chem. Sulphate 
having two equivalents of sulphuric acid to 
one of the base. [BI- and SULPHATE.] 

BIT(biifc), v. Pasttense and past participle of BITE. 

BIT (bit), w. 1. Bite; morsel; small piece. 2. 
Tool for boring. 3. 3Ietal part of a bridle 
which is placed in a horse's mouth. 4. Curb 
or restraint of any kind. 5. Small silver coin 
formerly in circulation in southern parts of 
U. S., worth 12 J cents; 12 \ cents. 

BIT (bit), vt. [pr.p. BITTING; p.t. and p.p. 
BIT'TED.] Place a bit in the mouth of; bri- 
dle; as, to bit a horse. 

BITCH (bich), n. Female of the dog or other 
canine animal. [A. S. bicce.] 

BITE (bit), v. [pr.p. BITING; p.t. BIT; P-P- 
BIT'TEN or BIT.] I. vt. 1. Seize or tear with 
the teeth. 2. Sting; inflict sharp or smarting 
pain on. 3. Take firm hold of ; grip. 4. Eat 
into, as an acid. 5. Trick. II. vi. 1. Use 
the teeth in seizing or crushing. 2. Be pun- 
gent; sting. 3. Take bait, as fish. 4. Take 
firm hold. [A. S. bitan.] 

BITE (bit), n. 1. Act of biting. 2. Wound 



made by act of biting. 3. 31orsel of food. 4. 

Hold or grip taken by a tool. 5. Trickster. 6* 

Corrosion of an acid. 7. Print. Part of an 

impression which is imperfectly printed, owing 

to the frisket not being sufficiently cut away. 
BITER (bi'ter), n. One who or that which bites. 
BITERNATE (bi-ter'nat), a. Bot. Doubly 

ternate, as in case of some leaves. 
BITING (bi'ting), a. Pungent; sharp; severe; 

caustic; nipping; keen. 
BITT (bit), n. Naut. One of the strong short 

pieces of timber projecting vertically from 

the deck of a vessel, in the fore part, and 

strongly secured to the beams on which the 

deck-planks are laid. [Fr. bitte.] 
BITT (bit), vt. [pr.p. BITTING; p.t. and p.p, 

BITTED.] Naut. Put round the bitts. 
BITTEN (bit'en), v. Past participle of BITE. 
BITTER (biter), I. a. 1. Biting or acrid to the 

taste. 2. Bodily or mentally painful; stinging; 

severe. 3. Keenly hostile in feeling or words; 

acrimonious. 4. Mournful; sad; miserable. 

II. n. That which is bitter; bitterness. [A. S. 

biter — bitan, bite.] 

SYN. Sharp; severe; acrid; acrimonious; 

harsh; stern; cruel; calamitous; grievous; 

sorrowful; poignant; afflictive. ANT. Sweet; 

pleasant; affable; genial. 
BITTERISH (bit'er-ish), a. Somewhat bitter, 
BITTERLY (bit'er-li), adv. In a bitter manner; 

sharply; cruelly; severely. 
BITTERN (bit/ern), n. 

Small heron that fre- 
quents wooded swamps, 

reeded pools, and 

marshes. [L. botaurus.] 
BITTERN (bit'ern ), n. 1. 

Syrupy residue from 

evaporated sea-water 

after the common salt 

has been taken out of it. 

2. Bitter preparation 

for adulterating beer. [BITTER, a.] 
BITTERNESS (bit'er-nes), w. Quality of being 

bitter. 
BITTER-ROOT (bit'er-rot), n. Bot. Plant, the 

Lewisia rediviva, of Montana, Idaho, etc. 
BITTERS (bit'erz), n.pl. Infusion of bitter 

herbs, generally mixed with ardent spirits. 
BITTER-SPAR (bit'er-spar), n. Dolomite or 

rhomb-spar. 
BITTERSWEET (bit'er-swet), n. 1. Woody 

night-shade, a trailing plant whose root, when 

chewed, produces first a bitter, then a sweet 

taste. 2. An American climbing plant ( Celas- 

trus scandens). 
BITU31EN (bi-tu'men), n. Mineral pitch; as- 
phalt. [L.] 
BITUMINOUS (bi-tu'mi-nus), a. Of, pertaining 

to, or containing bitumen. 
BIVALENCE (bi'va-lens), n. Chem. Property 

of having a valence of two. 
BIVALENT (bi'va-lent), a. Having power to 




Bittern (Botaurus 
stellaris). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BIVALVE 



130 



BLACK-JACK 




Bivalve. 



directly unite with, or replace, two atoms of 
hydrogen, chlorine, or other monatomic 
element or monad radical. [BI-, and L. 
valentia, strength.] 

BIVALVE (bl'valv), I. n. 
Mollusk having a shell 
of two valves or parts, 
like the oyster. II. a. 
Having two valves. 

BIVALVULAR (bi-val'vu- 
lar), a. Having two valves. 

BIVIOUS (biv'i-us), a. Having or going two 
ways. [L. bivius.] 

BIVOUAC (biv'o-ak), I. vi. [pr.p. BIV'OUACK- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BIVOUACKED (biv'o-akt).] 
To camp for the night in readiness for action. 
II. n. An encampment of soldiers at night 
without tents, ready for sudden attack. [Ger. 
bei, by, and wacht, watch.] 

BIWEEKLY (bi-wek'li), I. a. Occurring once 
every two weeks. II. n. Biweekly publi- 
cation. 

BIZARRE (bi-zarO, I. a. Odd; fantastic; gro- 
tesque. II. n. 1. That which is fantastic or 
grotesque. 2. Carnation with a white ground, 
marked with two or more colors. [Fr.] 

BLAB (blab), v. [pr.p. BLABBING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLABBED (blabd).] I. vt. Tell or repeat im- 
prudently, or in disregard of friendly con- 
fidence. II. vi. Tattle; tell tales. [Dan. 
blabble, babble.] 

BLABBER (blah'er), n. One who blabs; telltale. 

BLACK (blak), a. 1. Of the darkest color; of the 
color of a body which absorbs all the rays of 
light; opposed to WHITE. 2. Swarthy. 3. Dis- 
colored by soil or soot. 4. Gloomy; dismal. 
5. Foreboding; threatening. 6. Having a 
clouded countenance; sullen. 7. Atrociously 
cruel, or extremely wicked, as a black deed. 
[A. S. blac] 

SYN. Dark; ebon; inky; pitchy; obscure; 
dusky; murky; dingy; dull; lugubrious; 
funereal; ominous; wicked; atrocious; in- 
fernal; hellish. ANT. White; snowy; light; 
stainless; propitious; promising; kindly; 
benignant. 

BLACK (blak), n. 1. Darkest of all colors. 2. 
Black dress; mourning; 3. Negro. 4. Black 
pigment. 

BLACK (blak), vt. [pr.p. BLACKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLACKED (blakt).] Make black; blacken. 

BLACKAMOOR (blak'a-mor), n. Black person; 
negro or negress. [BLACK and 3IOOR.] 

BLACK ART. Necromancy; magic. 

BLACK-ASH (blak'ash), n. Chem. Impure 
soda formed in the manufacture of soda from 
sea-salt. 

BLACKBALL (blak'bal), n. 1. Composition for 
blacking shoes, formed into a ball. 2. Black 
ball used as a negative ballot. 3. Vote reject- 
ing application for membership. 

BLACKBALL (blak'bal), vt. [pr.p. BLACK- 
BALLING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKBALLED 



(blak'bald).] 1. Blacken with blackball. 
2. Reject application of for membership by 
use of black balls as negative ballots; reject 
by blackball ballot or negative vote. 

BLACK BASS (blak'bas). 1. American fresh- 
water fish of the genus Micropterus, highly 
esteemed as a game fish. 2. Salt-water 
fish, the Labrax JLineatus, common on the 
coast of New England. 

BLACKBERRY (blak'ber-i), n. [pi. BLACK'- 
BERRIES.] Bot. Plant of any of several 
species of the genus Bubus, the bramble, or 
its fruit, especially Bubus fruticosus. 

BLACKBIRD (blak'berd), n. 1. In England, a 
thrush-like bird, the Merula tnerula or 
ring-ousel, the plumage of the male hird 
being altogether black, but that of the female 
a brown or dark russet color. 2. In America, 
any of several species of hlack or blackish 
birds, as the red-winged blackbird and the 
crow blackbird ( Quiscalus purpureus). 

BLACKBOARD (blak'bord), n. Board or other 
surface painted black, for marking on with 
chalk. 

BLACKCAP (blak'kap), n. 1. Zool. Small song- 
hird {Sylvia atricapilla) , having the crown of 
the head black; the name is also given to 
various other birds similarly marked. 2. 
Black raspberry. 

BLACKCOCK (blak'kok), n. Male of the black * 
grouse; heath-cock. 

BLACK CURRANT. Well-known garden bush, 
the Bibes nigrum, or its fruit. 

BLACK-DEATH (blak'deth) n. Virulent 
plague occurring in Eastern Europe and 
Asia in the 14th century. 

BLACKEN (blak'en), v. [pr.p. BLACK'ENING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLACKENED (blak'end).] I. vt. 
1. Make black; darken. 2. Make infamous; 
sully. II. vi. Grow black or dark. 

SYN. Obscure; defame; sully; befoul; 
slander; asperse; calumniate; vilify ;malign; 
traduce. ANT. Whiten; clear; eulogize. 

BLACK-FLAG (blak'flag), n. The pirate's en- 
sign or flag. [From its color.] 

BLACKGUARD (blag'ard); I. n. Low, scurril- 
ous fellow. II. a. Vile; low; scurrilous. 

BLACKGUARD (blag'ard), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- 
GUARDING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKGUARDED.] 
Revile in scurrilous language. 

BLACKGUARDISM (blag'ard-izm), n. Con- 
duct or language of a blackguard. 

BLACK-HAND (blak'hand), n. Anarchistic 
league of blackmailers and assassins of the 
Latin race. 

BLACK-HEAD (blak'hed), w. Med. Comedo; 
semi-liquid secretions on nose and face in- 
dicated by black spots. 

BLACKING (blak'ing), n. Preparation used to 
give blackness and luster, as to shoes, etc. 

BLACKISH (blak'ish), a. Somewhat black. 

BLACK-JACK (blak'jak), n. 1. Species of oak, 
the Quercus nigra. 2. Name given by miners 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=« in' Scotch glide; oil, owl 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



BLACK LEAD 



131 



BLANKET 



to blende, or sulphide of zinc. 3. Pirate's 
ensign. 4. Kind of bludgeon. 

BLACK LEAD (blak'led). Plumbago or 
graphite. 

BLACKLEAD (blak'led), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- 
LEADING; p.t. and p.p. BLACK'LEADED.] 
Cover with black lead, or graphite. 

BLACKLEG (blak'leg), n. Low gambler; 
sharper; swindler. 

BLACK LETTER (blak let'er). Old English or 
ancient Gothic letter. Used also attributively, 
as Hack-letter printing. — Black-letter day, un- 
lucky day. 

M&~ EifiB lint ta mt in Mark Uttev. 

BLACK LIST (blak'list). 1. List of delin- 
quents or defaulters, intended for the guidance 
of merchants and others, in trade. 2. List 
of employees stigmatized as unworthy, for 
private circulation among employers of labor. 

BLACKLIST (blak'list), vt. [pr.p. BLACKLIST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKLISTED.] Place, 
as a person's name, on a black list. 

BLACKMAIL (blak'mal), n. 1. Extortion by 
threat of exposure. 2. Money so extorted. 
3. Money anciently paid, for protection, to 
men allied with robbers. 

BLACKMAIL (blak'mal), vt. [pr.p. BLACK'- 
MAILING; p.t. and p.p. BLACKMAILED 
(blak'mald).] Extort money from by threats 
of accusation or exposure. 

BLACKMAILER (blak'mal-er), n. One who 
blackmails. 

BLACKNESS (blak'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being black. 

BLACK Sea. Inland body of water S. of Rus- 
sia, E. of Turkey, 700 m. long, 390 m. wide. 

BLACKSMITH (blak'smith), rc. Smith who 
works in iron at a forge. 

BLACKSNAKE (blak'snak), n. 1. One of va- 
rious black or blackish snakes, especially the 
Bascanoin constrictor, of North America. It 
grows to a length of six feet, devours young 
birds, but is harmless to man. 2. Heavy 
flexible cowhide whip. 

BLACKTHORN (blak'tharn), n. 1. Sloe-tree. 
2. Cane made of the sloe-tree. 

BLADDER (blad'er), n. 1. Thin membranous sac 
in animals, serving as a receptacle for a fluid. 
2. Any similar sac. [A. S. blaedre.] 

BLADE (blad), n. 1. Spire of grass; leaf or flat 
part of a cereal or other similar plant. 2. Cut- 
ting part of a knife, sword, etc. 3. Flat part 
of an oar. 4. Dashing young fellow. [A. S. 
blaed, leaf.] 

BLADE-BONE (blad'bon), n. Shoulder-blade or 
scapula. 

BLADED (bla'ded), a. Having a blade or blades. 

BLAIN (Man), n. Pustule; blister. See CHIL- 
BLAIN. [A. S. blegen, boil.] 

BLAMABLE (bla'ma-bl), a. Deserving censure; 
culpable. 

BLAMABLT (bla'ma bli), adv. Culpably; cen- 
surably. 




BLAME (blam), vt. [pr.p. BLA'MING; p.t. and 

p.p. BLAMED (blamd).] 1. Find fault with; 

censure. 2. Pass an unfavorable judgment 

upon. [Fr. blamer; from Gr. blasphSmedj 

slander.] 
BLAME (blam), n. 1. Imputation of a fault; 

censure. 2. Fault; culpability. 
BLAMEFUL (blam'fQl), a. Meriting blame. 
BLAMELESS (blam'les), a. Without blame. 
BLAMELESSLY (blam'les-li), adv. In a blame- 
less manner. 
BLAMELESSNESS (blam'les-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being blameless. 
BLAMEWORTHY (blam'wur-*M), a. Worthy 

of blame; culpable. 
BLANCH (blanch), v. [pr.p. BLANCH'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. BLANCHED 

(blancht).] I. vt. 

Whiten parboil; 

parboil and skin, as 

almonds. II. vi. 

Grow white. [Fr. 

blanchir; fromblanc, 

white.] 
BLANCH (blanch), n. 

Min. Ore when not 

In masses, but inti- Blanching Celery. 

mately mixed with other materials. 
BLANC-MANGE (bla-mangzhO, n. Jelly-like 

preparation of sea-moss, arrowroot, corn- 
starch or the like. [Fr. blanc, white, and 

manger, eat.] 
BLAND (bland), a. Mild; balmy; suave. [L. 

blandus, smooth.] 
BLANDILOQUENCE (blan-diT o-kwens), n. 

Fair flattering speech. [L. blandus, bland, 

and loquor, speak.] 
BLANDISH (blandish), vt. [pr.p. BLAN'DISH- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. BLANDISHED (blan'disht).] 

1. Cajole; fawn upon. 2. Render bland; 

soothe. [L. blandus, smooth.] 
BLANDISHMENT (blan'dish-ment), n. 1. Act 

of expressing fondness; artful caress. 2. 

Amenity; pleasure. 
BLANDLY (bland'li), adv. Gently; politely; 

placidly. 
BLANDNESS (bland'nes), n. Quality or state 

of being bland. 
BLANK (blangk), I. a. 1. White or pale. 2. 

Not written or printed upon, or marked. 3. 

Void; empty; vacant. 4. Confused. 5. Un- 
qualified; complete. 6. Unrhymed. II. n. 

1. Paper unwritten upon; form not filled in. 

2. Lottery ticket which draws no prize. 3. 
Empty space; mental vacancy. — Blank car- 
tridge, charge of powder for a rifle or other 
gun, containing no ball or shot. [Fr. blanc, 
white.] 

BLANKET (blangk'et), n. 1. Woolen covering 
for beds. 2. Covering for horses. 3. Broad 
wrapping or covering of any kind. [O. Fr. 
blanket, dim. of blanc] 

BLANKET (blangk'et), vt. [pr.p. BLANKET- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



BLANKETING 



132 



BLAZON 



ING; p.t. and p.p. BLANKETED.] 1. Cover 
with, or as with, a blanket. 2. Toss in a 
blanket. 3. Naut. Take the wind out of 
the sails of, as by a vessel passing to windward. 

BLANKETING (blangk'et-ing), n. Material for 
blankets. 

BLANKET-MORTGAGE (blangk'et-mar-gaj), 
n. Mortgage embracing several distinct and 
separate things or pieces of property. 

BLANKLY (blangk'li), adv. In a blank manner. 

BLANKNESS (blangk'nes), «. State of being 
blank. 

BLARE (blar), v. [pr.p. BLARING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLARED (blard).] I. vt. Sound loudly, 
as blare a trumpet. II. vi. Give out a loud 
sound, as a trumpet. [Probably imitative.] 

BLARE (blar), n. Sound as of a trumpet. 

BLARNEY (blar'ni), n. Village and castle near 
Cork, Ireland. 

BLARNEY (blar'ni), n. Smooth, wheedling 
speech; persuasive glibness. [Blarney stone, 
in Blarney castle, Ireland, supposed to endow 
the person who kisses it with persuasive 
speech.] 

BLARNEY (blar'ni), vt. [pr.p. BLARNEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLARNEYED (blar'nid).] Cajole 
or wheedle by means of blarney. 

BLASE (bla-za'), a. Dulled in sense or emotion; 
wearied or sated through over-indulgence. 
[Fr.] 

BLASPHEME (blas-fem), v. [pr.p. BLASPHE- 
MING; p.t. and p.p. BLASPHEMED (blas- 
femd').] I. vt. 1. Speak impiously of God, 
or of sacred things. 2. Address calumnious 
language to; malign; revile. II. vi. Utter 
blasphemy; curse and swear. [L. blasphemo; 
from Gr. blasphemed, from blapto, hurt, and 
phemi, speak.] 

BLASPHEMER (blas-fe'mer), n. One who 
blasphemes. 

BLASPHE310US (blas'fe-mus), a. Containing 
blasphemy; impious; profane. 

BLASPHEMOUSLY (blas'fe-mus-li), adv. In a 
blasphemous manner; irreverently; pro- 
fanely. 

BLASPHEMY (blas'fe-mi), n. [pi. BLAS'- 
PHEMIES.] 1. Profane language towards 
God or sacred things. 2. Profanity; cursing 
and swearing. 3. Law. In England the legal 
crime of blasphemy is held to be committed 
when one denies the being or providence of 
God, utters contumelious reproaches against 
Christ, profanely scoffs at Scripture, or exposes 
it to contempt or ridicule. It is punishable by 
fine and imprisonment. 

BLAST (blast), n. 1. Sudden violent gust of 
wind. 2. Forcible stream of air artificially 
produced. 3. Blare of a trumpet or horn. 4. 
Explosion, as of dynamite; charge used to 
explode; effect of the explosion. 5. Any per- 
nicious or destructive influence upon animals 
or plants; blight. 6. Flatulent disease of 
sheep. 7. Exhaust-steam from an engine 



used to increase the draft. [A. S. blcest; from 
blcesan, blow.] 

BLAST (blast), v. [pr.p. BLAST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLASTED.] I. vt. 1. Rend asunder by 
an explosion. 2. Strike with some pernicious 
influence; blight. 3. Affect with sudden 
violence or calamity. 4. Injure; destroy; 
make infamous. II. vi. Suffer blight; wither. 

BLASTEMA (blas-te'ma),n. [pi. BLASTE'MATA.] 

1. Bot. Axis of the growth of an embryo. 

2. Biol. Homogeneous, gelatinous, and gran- 
ular basis of the ovum. [Gr., germ.] 

BLASTEMAL (blas-te'mal), a. Pertaining to a 
blastema. 

BLASTER (blast'er) , n. One employed in blasting. 

BLAST-FURNACE (blast' fur-nas), n. Large 
retort or furnace supplied with draft of 
air under pressure to induce liquefaction of 
metals. 

BLASTING (blast'ing), n. 1. Act or operation 
of rending rocks, etc., by means of the ex- 
plosion of gunpowder, dynamite, etc. 2. Act 
of blighting or withering. 

BLASTOCARPOUS (blas-to-kar'pus), a. Bot. 
Germinating inside the pericarp. [Gr. blastos, 
germ, and karpos, fruit.] 

BLASTODERM (blas'to-derm), n. Embryol. 
Germinal membrane. [Gr. blastos, germ, 
and derma, skin.] 

BLASTOGENESIS (blas-to-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. 
Multiplication of organisms by budding or 
gemmation. [Gr. blastos, germ, and GENESIS.] 

BLAT (blat), vi. [jpivp.BLAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLAT'TED.] 1. Bleat as a calf. 2. Make 
senseless noise or disturbance. 

BLATANT (bla'tant), a. Brawling; noisy; 
blustering. [A. S. blaiten, bleat.] 

BLATHERSKITE (blaffc'er-skit), w. Nonsensical 
talkative person. 

BLAZE (blaz), v. [pr.p. BLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLAZED (blazd).] I. vi. 1. Burn with a 
flame. 2. Send forth a flaming light. II. 
vt. Publish abroad; proclaim. [A. S. blmse, 
blase, torch.] 

BLAZE (blaz), n. 1. Stream of light and heat 
from a burning object; flame. 2. Vivid light; 
glare. 3. Shining display; glitter. 4. Out- 
burst; vehement manifestation. 

BLAZE (blaz), n. 1. Mark made by paring bark 
from a tree. 2. White spot on the face of a 
horse or cow. [Dut. bles, pale.] 

BLAZE (blaz), vt. [pr.p. BLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLAZED (blazd).] 1. Mark (trees) by paring 
off part of the bark. 2. Mark out (a way or 
path) in this manner. 

BLAZER (bla'zer), n. 1. Blazoner; herald. 2. 
Light-weight sporting jacket. 3. Kind of 
chafing-dish. 

BLAZON (bla'zn), n. 1. Act or art of drawing, 
describing, or explaining coats-of-arms. 2. 
Armorial bearing; coat-of-arms. 3. Pompous 
display; show; publication. [Fr. blason, coat- 
of-arms.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



BLAZON 



133 



BLET 



BLAZON (bla'zn), vt. [pr.p. BLAZONING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLAZONED (bla'znd).] 1. Proclaim or 
publish far and wide. 2. Display or set forth 
conspicuously. 3. Adorn; embellish. 4. 
Emblazon; delineate. 5. Describe or explain, 
as armorial bearings. 

BLAZONER (bla'zn-er), n. 1. One who blazes, 
or publishes anything extensively abroad. 
2. One who blazons coats-of-arms. 

BLAZONRY (bla'zn-ri), n. 1. Art of delineating 
or of explaining coats-of-arms. 2. Armorial 
bearings. 3. Decoration; display. 

-BLE, suffix. See -ABLE. 

BLEACH (blech), v. [pr.p. BLEACHING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLEACHED (blecht).] I. vt. Make 
pale or white. II. vi. Grow pale. [A. S. 
blcecan.] 

BLEACHER (blech'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which bleaches. 2. Spectator sitting or stand- 
ing in a bleachery. 

BLEACHERY (blech'er-i), n. [pi. BLEACH'- 
ERIES.] 1. Place for bleaching. 2. Uncovered 
seat or stand for spectators, in the open air. 

BLEACHING (bleching), n. Act or art of 
bleaching. 

BLEAK (blek), a. 1. Unsheltered; desolate; 
cheerless. 2. Cold; cutting; keen. [A. S. 
hlcec, blac, pale.] 

BLEAKLY (blek'li), adv. In a bleak manner; 
coldly. 

BLEAKNESS (blek'nes), n. State or quality of 
being bleak. 

BLEAR (bier), I. vt. [pr.p. BLEARING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLEARED (blerd).] 1. Make (the eyes) 
sore and watery. 2. Becloud; bedim; obscure. 
II. a. Inflamed and watery; dim or blurred 
with inflammation. [Modification of BLUR.] 

BLEAREDNESS (blerd'nes), n. State of being 
bleared. 

BLEAR-EYE (bler'I), n. Eye which has its 
vision obscured by rheum. 

BLEAR-EYED (bler'id), a. 1. Having blear- 
eyes. 2. Wanting discernment. 

BLEARY (bler'i), a. Inclined to be blear. 

BLEAT (blet), I. vi. [pr.p. BLEATING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLEAT'ED.] Cry as a sheep. II. n. Cry 
of a sheep. [A. S. bloetan, bleat.] 

BLEATER (blet'er), n. One who or that which 
bleats, especially a sheep. 

BLEATING (blet'ing), n. Utterance of the cry 
of a sheep. 

BLEB (bleb), n. Blister, air-cell, bubble, or any- 
thing similar. [Imitative.] 

BLED (bled), v. Past tense and past participle of 
BLEED. 

BLEED (bled), v. [pr.p. BLEEDING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLED.] I. vt. 1. Draw blood from. 2. 
Exude, as a tree its sap. 3. Extort money 
from ; draw upon (another's financial resources) 
excessively. (Colloq.) II. vi. 1. Lose blood. 
2. Die a violent death. 3. Feel acute mental 
pain. 4. Lose by exudation, as a tree its sap. 
[A. S. bledan, from hldd, blood.] 



BLEEDING (bled'ing), n. 1. Running or issu- 
ing of blood; hemorrhage. 2. Operation of 
letting blood, or of drawing sap. 3. Book- 
binding. Trenching upon the printed matter 
of a book when cutting the edges of the vol- 
ume. 

BLEMISH (blemish), vt. [pr.p. BLEMISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLEMISHED (blem'isht).] Mark 
with any deformity; mar; tarnish; taint; sully; 
impair physically or morally. [O. Fr. blemir, 
soil, injure.] 

BLEMISH (blem'ish), n. Mark of defect; stain; 
any blot or taint, physical or moral. 

BLENCH (blench), vi. [pr.p. BLENCH'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLENCHED (blencht).] Shrink; 
quail; shun. [A. S. blenkan, wink, deceive.] 

BLEND (blend), v. [pr.p. BLENDING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLENDED or BLENT.] I. vt. Mix or 
mingle intimately; confound in a mass. II. 
vi. Become so mixed. [A. S. blandan, mix.] 

BLEND (blend), n. Mixture of different kinds, 
as of teas, liquors, etc. 

BLENDE (blend), n. Mineral. Native sulphide 
of zinc; sphalerite. [Ger. blenden, dazzle.] 

BLENDER (blend'er), n. One who or that which 
blends. 

BLENDING (blend'ing), n. 1. Act of mixing or 
state of being mixed. 2. Painting. Method 
of laying on different colors so that when dry 
they may appear to the eye to blend insensibly 
into each other. 

BLENNY (blen'i), n. Small active fish found In 
rocky places on thesea-shore; sometimes called 
butterfly fish. 




Blenny (Alliens saliens). 

BLEPHAROSTAT (blef'a-ro-stat) n. Oculist's 
device for separating eyelids while perform- 
ing an operation. 

BLESS (bles), vt. [pr.p. BLESS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLESSED (blest), or BLEST.] 1. Invoke 
divine favor upon. 2. Make happy, or pros- 
perous. 3. Wish happiness to. 4. Praise 
or glorify. [A. S. blessian.] 

BLESSED (bles'ed), a. 1. Happy. 2. Worthy 
of veneration. 3. Beatified. 

BLESSING (bles'ing), n. 1. Invocation of hap- 
piness. 2. Means or cause of happiness. 3. 
Divine favor. 

BLEST (blest), I. v. Past participle of BLESS. 
II. a. Made happy, or making happy. 

BLET (blet), vi. [pr.p. BLET'TING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=t* in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BLEW 



134 



BLOCK 



p.p. BLET'TED.] Become bruised in ap- 
pearance, as overripe fleshy fruits; acquire 
marks of decay. 

BLEW (bio), v. Past tense of BLOW. 

BLIGHT (blit), n. 1. Disease in plants, which 
blasts or withers them. 2. Anything that 
injures or destroys. [A. S. blcec, pale.] 

BLIGHT (blit), v. [pr.p. BLIGHTING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLIGHTED.] I. vt. Affect with blight; 
blast. II. vi. Be affected with blight. 

BLIND (blind), I. a. 1. Destitute of sight; want- 
ing the faculty of vision. 2. Destitute of 
understanding or judgment; without foresight. 
3. Not seeing or pretending not to see. 4. 
Difficult to discern; unintelligible. 5. Having 
no outlet; affording no passage. 6. Not 
planned beforehand; fortuitous. 7. Heed- 
less; inconsiderate. II. n. 1. Anything 
that obstructs vision; shade; shutter; screen; 
blinker. 2. Something to mislead the eye or 
the understanding. 3. Blind person. — The 
blind, blind persons taken collectively. 

BLIND (blind), vt. [pr.p. BLIND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLIND'ED.] 1. Make blind; deprive of 
sight. 2. Hinder perception of; screen; ob- 
scure. 3. Darken the understanding of. 

BLINDER (blind'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which blinds. 2. Blinker. 

BLIND-FIRE (blind'fir), n. Fuel in a grate 
all ready to kindle. 

BLINDFISH (blind'flsh), n. Eyeless fish, the 
Amblyopsis 
spelceus, of 
the Mam- 
moth Cave, 
Kentucky. 

BLINDFOLD Blindfish. 

(blindfold), vt. [pr.p. BLIND 'FOLDING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLIND 'FOLDED.] 1. Bandage or cover 
the eyes of, and thus hinder from seeing. 2, 
Hoodwink; mislead. [BLIND and FOLD.] 

BLINDFOLD (blindfold), I. a. Having the 
eyes bandaged so as to prevent seeing. II. 
n. Blind; blinder. 

BLINDLY (bllnd'li), adv. In a manner as if blind. 

BLINDMAN'S BUFF (blind'manz buf). Play 
in which one, who is blindfolded, tries to 
catch another and give his name. 

BLINDNESS (blind'nes), n. State of being blind. 

BLIND PIG (blind pig). Illicit and secret place 
where intoxicating liquors are dispensed. 
(Colloq.) 

BLIND SIDE (blind sid). Side most easily as- 
sailed; foible. 

BLINDWORM (blind'wiirm), n. Non-venomous 
reptile (Anguis fragilis), more commonly 
called the slow-worm. [So called from the 
small size of its eyes.] 

BLINK (blingk), v. [pr.p. BLINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLINKED (bliugkt).] I. vt. Shut out of 
sight; purposely avoid seeing. II. vi. Peer 
with the eyes half shut; glance; twinkle; wink. 
[A. S. blican, twinkle.] 




BLINK (blingk), n, 1. Glimpse; glance; wink. 

2. Gleam; glimmer. 
BLINKARD (blingk'ard), n. One who or that 

which blinks. 
BLINKER (blingk'er), n. 1. Piece of leather 

on a horse's bridle which prevents him from 

seeing on the side; blinder. Usually in the 

plural. 2. Blinkard. 
BLISS (blis), n. Highest happiness; felicity. 

[A. S. blis; from blithe, joyful.] 

SYN. Ecstasy; beatitude; delight; bless- 
edness; joy; rapture. ANT. Accursedness; 

condemnation; suffering; misery; woe; 

wretchedness. 
BLISSFUL (blis'fol), a. Enjoying or inparting 

bliss. 
BLISSFULLY (blis'fol-i), adv. In a blissful 

manner. 
BLISSFULNESS (blis'fol-nes), n. State or 

quality of being blissful. 
BLISTER (blis'ter), n. 1. Thin vesicle on the 

skin, containing watery matter; pustule. 2. 

Plaster to raise a blister. 3. Anything re- 
sembling a vesicle on the skin. [Etym. 

doubtful, probably from same root as BLAST.] 
BLISTER (blis'ter), v. [pr.p. BLIS'TERING; p.t. 

and p.p. BLISTERED (blis'terd).] I. vt. 1. 

Apply a blistering plaster to the skin of. 2. 

Raise a blister or blisters on. 3. Injure or 

cause pain to, as if by a blister. II. vi. 

Rise in a blister or blisters. 
BLISTERY (blis'ter-i), a. Covered with blisters. 
BLITHE (bUth or blith), a. Joyous; gay; happy. 

[A. S.] 
BLITHELY (bhWli), adv. In a blithe or Joyous 

manner. 
BLITHESOME (bhWsum), a. Joyous; cheerful. 
BLITHESOMENESS (bhWsum-nes), n. Quality 

of being blithesome. 
BLIZZARD (bliz'ard), n. Storm characterized 

by a fierce and bitterly cold wind and fine 

blinding snow. [Origin of term not known, 

but first used in U. S., colloquially. Probably 

allied to BLAST.] 
BLOAT (blot), v. [pr.p. BLOAT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. BLOAT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to swell, 

or puff up or out; make turgid. 2. Inflate 

with vanity or self-adulation. II. vi. Grow 

turgid; become puffed up or inflated. [Etym. 

doubtful. Skeat suggests Ice. blotna, become 

soft, from blautr, soft.] 
BLOAT (blot), a. Smoke-dried, as a bloat- 

herring. [Sw. blot, soft, pulpy.] 
BLOAT (blot), vt. [pr.p. BLOAT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. BLOAT'ED.] Cure by drying in smoke, as 

herring. 
BLOATER (blot'er), BLOAT-HERRING (blot- 

her'ing), n. Smoke-dried herring. 
BLOB (blob), n. Anything tumid; bubble; blister; 

drop. [See BLEB.] 
BLOCK (blok), n. 1. Solid mass of a substance. 

2. Short thick piece of wood, stone, or other 

material. 3. Piece of wood on which crlml- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall. f-"rp. -V>ve: me. met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u— j, x_i ^eotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BLOCK 



135 



BLOOD-PLAQUES 



nals are decapitated. 4. Wooden or other 
mold on which a thing is shaped, as a hat 
block. 5. Pulley together with its frame- 
work. 6. Section or divisional part of any- 
thing, as a row of houses between two streets, 
a city square, etc. 7. Auctioneer's counter 
or stand, especially where slaves are sold. 8. 
Solid piece of wood on which figures are en- 
graved. 9. Obstruction; hindrance; impedi- 
ment; stop. 10. Condition of being obstruct- 
ed or stopped. — Block signal, signal to stop 
a train in consequence of the next block sec- 
tion not being reported clear. — Block system, 
system for the control of railroad trains which 
are moving in the same direction on the same 
track. The block stations are usually from 
3 to 5 miles apart, and have signal lights for 
stopping or blocking trains. Each section 
must be reported clear before a train is per- 
mitted to enter it. The signals are electrically 
controlled and work automatically. [Fr. 
bloc; origin doubtful.] 

BLOCK (blok), vt. [pr.p. BLOCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLOCKED (blokt).] 1. Obstruct; im- 
pede; stop; close up. 2. Shape on a block or 
into blocks. 3. Roughly mark out a plan of. 

BLOCKADE (blok-ad), I. vt. [pr.p. BLOCKA- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. BLOCKADED.] Block 
up or close to traffic. II. n. 1. Shutting up 
of a place by surrounding it with troops or 
ships. 2. Obstruction to traffic or action. 
[BLOCK and -ADE.] 

BLOCKADER (blok-a'der), n. One who or that 
which blockades. 

BLOCKCHAIN (blok'chan), n. Chain of pivot 
links used on sprockets of bicycles and auto- 
mobiles. 

BLOCKHEAD (blok'hed), n. Stupid person; 
dolt. 

BLOCKHOUSE (blok'hows), n. Small tempo- 
rary fort, generally made of logs. 

BLOCKISH (blok'ish), a. Like a block; dull; 
doltish. 

BLOCKISHLT (blok'ish-li), adv. In a blockish 
manner. 

BLOCKISHNESS (blok'ish-nes), n. Quality of 
being blockish. 

BLOCK-TIN (blok'tin), n. Tin cast into blocks 
or in ingots. 

BLOEMFONTEIN (blom-fon'tin), n. Capital of 
Orange River Colony, Africa. 

BLOND, BLONDE (blond), I. a. Of fair com- 
plexion; fair. II. n. Person of fair complex- 
ion, with light hair and eyes. [Fr.] 

BLONDE, BLOND-LACE (blond'las), n. Gos- 
samer-like fabric, formerly made only of 
blond silk, but later of silks of darker colors, 
including black. 

BLOOD (blud), n. 1. Vital fluid which circulates 
through the arteries and veins of animals. 2. 
Connection by descent; lineage; progeny. 3. 
Slaughter. 4. Temper; mood; passion. 5. 
Man of ardent temperament. 6. The respon- 



sibility or stain of a bloody deed. 7. Any 
liquid resembling blood in color, or in some 
other obvious character. 8. Carnal part as 
opposed to spiritual. 9. Blood-horse. [A. S. 
Mod.] 

BLOOD (blud), vt. [pr.p. BLOOD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLOOD'ED.] 1. Make bloody; cause to 
bleed. 2. Inure or accustom to the sight or 
to the shedding of blood. 

BLOOD (blud), a. 1. Pertaining to blood. 2. 
Of the color of blood. 3. Of lineage or pure 
breed, and presumably of high spirit or mettle ; 
as, a Hood-horse, 

BLOOD-BLISTER (blud'blis-ter), n. Coagula- 
tion of blood caused by injury that does not 
break the skin. 

BLOODCURDLING (blud'kiir-dling), a. Terri- 
fying. 

BLOODED (blud'ed), a. 1. Of pure blood or 
breed. 2. Having blood of the kind specified, 
as in warm-blooded. 

BLOODGUILTINESS (blud'gilt-i-nes), n. Guilt 
or guiltiness of having shed blood without 
proper justification. 

BLOODGUILTY (blud'gilt-i), a. Guilty of shed- 
ding blood; guilty of murder. 

BLOOD-HEAT (blud'het), n. Heat of same 
degree as blood in man, about 98J£°. 

BLOOD-HORSE (bludhars), n. Horse of the 
purest breed, or best stock. 

BLOOD-HOT (blud'hot), a. Warm as blood is 
at its normal temperature. 

BLOODHOUND (blud'- 
hownd), n. Hound re- 
markable for its acute- 
ness of scent, now gen- 
erally used to track 
escaped criminals by 
means of its keen scent. 

BLOODIED (blud'id), a. 
Stained or smeared with 
blood; bloody. 

BLOODILY (blud'i-li), adv. In a bloody manner. 

BLOODINESS (blud'i-nes), a. State of being 
bloody. 

BLOODLESS (blud'les), < 
2. Without bloodshed, 
vigor. 

BLOODLESSLY (blud'les-li), adv. In a blood- 
less manner; without effusion of blood. 

BLOODLETTER (blud'let-er), n. One who lets 
blood. 

BLOODLETTING (blud'let-ing), n. 
section; act of drawing blood. 

BLOOD-MONEY (blud'mun-i), n. 
for bloodshed. 

BLOOD-ORANGE (blud'or-anj), n. 
blood-like pulp. 

BLOOD-PHEASANT (blud'fez-ant), n. Asiatic 
alpine bird of the genus Ithaginis, named from 
the rich scarlet color of its neck and breast. 

BLOOD-PLAQUES (blud'plaks), n. Minute dis- 
coidal bodies in the blood of mammals. 




Bloodhound. 



, 1. Without blood. 
3. Without spirit or 



M.ed. Vene- 



Price paid 
Orange with 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BLOOD-POISONING 



136 



BLOW 



BLOOD-POISONING (Mud poi- zn-ing), n. 

Pathol. Bacterial contamination of the blood. 
BLOOD-PUDDING (blud'ppd-ing), n. 3Ieat 

pudding in which cooked blood is the principal 

ingredient. 
BLOOD-RELATION (blud're-la-shun), n. One 

related by descent; kinsman or relative by 

birth. 
BLOODROOT (blud'rot), n. Bot. Plant (San- 

guinaria Canadensis), having a red root and 

red sap. 
BLOODSHED (blud'shed), n. Shedding of blood; 

slaughter. 
BLOODSHOT (blud'shot), a. Red or inflamed 

with blood; said of the eyes. 
BLOODSTONE (blud'stdn), n. Min. Jaspery 

variety of quartz, of a dark-green color, varie- 
gated with red spots. 
BLOODSUCKER (blud'suk-er), n. Animal that 

sucks blood; leech. 2. Bloodthirsty person; 

murderer. 3. Extortioner or usurer. 
BLOODTHIRSTY (blud'therst-i), a. Desirous 

to shed blood; vindictive. 
BLOOD-VESSEL (blud'ves-el), ». Artery, vein, 

or other vessel in which blood circulates in 

the animal body. 
BLOOD-WARM (blud'warm), a. Of the tem- 
perature of blood; lukewarm. 
BLOODY (blud'i), a. 1. Stained with blood. 

2, Marked by cruelty; attended with bloodshed. 

3. Given to bloodshed; bloodthirsty. 4. Of the 
color of or suggestive of blood. 

BLOODY (blud'i), vt. [pr.p. BLOODYING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLOOD'IED (blud'id).] Stain or 
smear with blood. 

BLOOD Y-MINDED (blud'i-mind-ed), a. Of a 
cruel or bloodthirsty disposition. 

BLOOM (blom), vi. [pr.p. BLOOMING ; p.t. and 
p.p. BLOOMED (blomd).] 1. Come into 
blossom; flower. 2. Be in a state of vigor 
or beauty flourish. [A. S. blowan, bloom] 

BLOOM (blom), n. 1. Blossom or flower. 
2. Glow of health or freshness. 3. Downy, 
delicate coating on plums, grapes, etc. 4. 
Prime, highest perfection. 5. Act of blos- 
soming or state of being in blossom. 

BLOOM (blom), n. Mass of puddled iron freed 
of dross or slag. [A. S. bloma, mass, lump of 
metal.] 

BLOOMARY (blom'a-ri), n. Same as BLOOM- 
ERY.] 

BLOOMERS (blom'erz), n.pl. Wide Turkish 
trousers worn by women, with or without an 
overskirt. [Named from Mrs. Anne Bloomer 
of New York, who proposed them, in 1849.] 

BLOOMER Y (blom'er-i), n. [pi. BLOOM'ERIES.] 
First forge through which iron passes after 
it is smelted from the ore. 

BLOOMING (Morning), a. 1. Coming into 
flower; flowering. 2. Showing the freshness 
and beauty of youth. 3. Thriving; prosperous; 
flourishing. 

BL003IING (blom'ing), n. 1. Metal. Process 



of depriving iron of its dross by shingling or 
squeezing. 2. Paint. Clouded appearance 
which varnish sometimes assumes on the 
surface of a picture. 

BLOOMY (blom'i), a. 1. Full of blossoms; 
abounding in blooms; flowery. 2. Having 
freshness or vigor as of youth. 

BLOSSOM (blos'um), n. 1. State of blooming; 
bloom. 2. Flower or corolla of a plant; 
flower-bud. [A. S. blostina.] 

BLOSSOM (blos'um), vi. [pr.p. BLOS'SOMING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLOSSOMED (blos'umd).] 1. 
Put forth blossoms; bear flowers; blow; 
bloom; flower. 2. Prosper; flourish; thrive. 

BLOSSOM Y (blos'um-i), a. Full of blossoms; 
abounding in flower-buds; blooming. 

BLOT (blot), n. 1. Spot or stain, as a blot of ink 
on paper. 2. Blemish upon the character or 
reputation; stigma; disgrace; reproach. 3. 
That which causes an obliteration or erasure. 
4. Act of blotting or state of being blotted. 
[Ice. blettr, spot, stain.] 

BLOT (blot), v. [pr.p. BLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLOTTED.] I. vt. 1. Make a spot or stain 
upon, as by permitting a drop of ink to fall 
on paper; stain; spot. 2. Cause a stain 
or blemish on the character or reputation of; 
sully; tarnish; disgrace. 3. Obliterate; efface; 
erase; blur; expunge. 4. Dry with blotting- 
paper. II, vi. 1. Make a spot or stain. 2. 
Become spotted, stained or blurred. 3. Efface; 
erase. 

BLOT (blot), n. 1. In backgammon, an exposed 
piece. 2. Exposed point; weak spot, or place 
in anything. [A. S. bleat, naked.] 

BLOTCH (bloch), I. vt. [pr.p. BLOTCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLOTCHED (blocht).] Mar or 
disfigure with, blotches. II. n. 1. Spot or 
blemish. 2. Discoloration or eruption on the 
skin. [From BLOT.] 

BLOTCHED (blocht), a. Marked with blotches. 

BLOTCHY (bloch'i), a. Having blotches; 
spotted. 

BLOTTER (blot'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which blots. 2. Sheet, pad, or book of blotting- 
paper. 3. Waste-book; book of first entry. 

BLOTTING-PAPER (blot'ing-pa-per), n. Un- 
sized paper, used for absorbing ink, preventing 
blots. 

BLOUSE (blowz), n. 1. Light, loose outer gar- 
ment. 2. Loose-fitting waist or jacket. [Fr.] 

BLOW (bio), v. [pr.p. BLOWING; p.t. BLEW 
(bio); p.p. BLOWN (blon).] j I. vt. Produce 
blossoms or flowers. II. vi. Come into blos- 
som; bloom. [A. S. blowan.] 

BLOW (bio), n. 1. State of blossoming. 2. 
Blossom; flower-bud. 

BLOW (bio), n. 1. Severe stroke or knock. 2. 
Sudden calamity; buffet. [From A. S. bleo- 
wan, beat blue.] 

SYN. Thump; thwack; shock; misfor- 
tune. ANT. Pat; caress; assuagement; 
consolation; comfort; blessing. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, te.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



BLOW 



137 



BLUENOSE 



BLOW (bio), v. [pr.p. BLOWING; p.t. BLEW 
(bio), or BLOWED (blod); p.p. BLOWN (blon), 
or BLO WED (blod).] I. vt. 1. Drive air upon or 
into. 2. Drive by a current of air. 3. Innate 
with' air, or shape or form by such inflation. 
4. Sound, as blow a wind instrument. 5. 
Spread by report. 6. Taint by depositing eggs 
upon, as flies do. 7. Shatter by explosion. 
8. Put out of breath. 9. Eject by means of air, 
as a whale. II. vi. 1. Produce a current of 
air. 2. Move, as wind in a strong or gentle 
breeze. 3. Sound, as a horn when blown. 4. 
Pant; puff; be out of breath. 5. Emit a jet 
of water or steam. 6. Be carried along by 
the wind. 7. Vaunt; boast; brag. (Colloq.) 
8. Make known; betray. (Colloq.) [A. S. 
bldwan.] 

BLOW (bio), n. 1. Act of blowing. 2. Breeze. 
3. Eggs deposited by a fly. 4. Sound of a wind 
instrument. 5. Spouting of a whale. 

BLOWAGE (blo'aj), «. Loss in wines and 
liquors through inefficient corking. 

BLOWBALL (blo'bal), n. Downy head of the 
dandelion in seed. 

BLOWER (blo'er), n. 1. One who blows. 2. 
That which blows; any device for produc- 
ing an artificial current of air. 

BLOWFLY (blo'fli), n. Fly which taints meat 
by its eggs; bluebottle (Calliphora erythro- 
cephala). 

BLOWGUN (blo'gun), n. Tube used for blowing 
missiles through. 

BLOWHOLE (blo'hol), n. 1. Nostril of a whale, 
through which it blows water to a great height. 
2. Air-hole in the ice. 3. Defect in iron or 
steel caused by the escape of air or gas during 
the process of solidification. 

BLOWN (blon), v. Past participle of BLOW. 

BLOW-OFF (blo'af), n. Pipe to release surplus 
steam. 

BLOWPIPE (blo'pip), n. 
Pipe through which a cur- 
rent of air is blown on a 
flame to intensify its heat. 

BLOWTORCH (blotarch), n. 
Automatic blast lamp for 
fusing. 

BLOWTUBE (blo'tub), n. 
1. Metal or glass tube 
for throwing missiles with air expelled from 
the mouth. 2. Tube used by glass-blowers 
to render glass pliable by heating. 

BLOWZY (blow'zi), n. 1. Tanned and ruddy- 
faced. 2. Disheveled. 

BLUBBER (blub'er), v. [pr.p. BLUB BERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLUBBERED (blub'erd).] I. vt. 
Swell (the cheeks) with weeping. II. vi. Weep 
in a noisy manner. [Allied to BUBBLE.] 

BLUBBER (blub'er), n. Oil-yielding fat lying 
immediately beneath the skin and over the 
muscular flesh of whales and other cetaceans. 

BLUBBERY (blub'er-i), a. Like blubber. 

BLUCHER (blo'cher), n. Kind of half-boot, 




Blowpipe. 



named after the Prussian fleldmarshal von 
Blucher. 

BLUDGEON (bluj'un), n. Short stick with a 
heavy end to strike with. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BLUE (bio), I. a. [Comp. BLUER; superl. 
BLU'EST.] 1. Sky-colored. 2. Cast down 
or depressed in spirits. 3. Dismal; dreary; 
dispiriting. 4. True; genuine; constant. 
5. Strict in moral or religious requirements; 
puritanic. 6. Livid, as in "black and blue.'* 
7. Pedantic; said of women. II. n. 1. Sky- 
color; azure; one of the seven primary colors. 
2. Pigment or dye of this color. — The blues, 
low spirits. [O. Fr. bleu.] 

BLUE (bio), vt. [pr.p. BLUING; p.t. and p.p. 
BLUED (blod).] 1. Make blue. 2. Treat with 
bluing. 

BLUEBELL (blo'bel), n. Plant that bears blue 
bell-shaped flowers; its flowers. 

BLUEBERRY (blo'ber-i), n. [pi. BLUEBER- 
RIES.] Species of whortleberry, with small- 
seeded dark-blue berries. 

BLUEBIRD (blo'berd), n. Small American sing- 
ing bird, with sky-blue back and dull reddish 
breast. 

BLUE BLOOD (bio blud). Phrase applied in 
Spain (sangre azul) to the blood of the nobility; 
pure aristocratic descent. 

BLUEBOOK (blo'bok), n. Printed report (by the 
government or other authority), usually in a 
blue cover. 

BLUEBOTTLE (blo'botl), n. 1. Plant with blue 
bottle-shaped flowers. 2. Large flesh-fly with 
blue body; blowfly. 

BLUECAP (blo'kap), n. 1. The blue titmouse. 
2. Blueflsh. 

BLUEFISH (blo'fish), n. Large ravenous food- 
fish of the Atlantic coast, the Pomatomus 
saltatrix, allied to the mackerels. 

BLUE-GRASS (blo'gras), n. Any of several 
species of the genus Poa, a permanent grass, 
particularly the blue-grass of Kentucky, 
Poa pratensis, and the blue-grass of England, 
Poa compressa. 

BLUE-GUM (blo'gum), n. Australian gum-tree, 
the Eucalyptus globulus. 

BLUE- JACKET (blo-jak'et), n. Sailor, as dis- 
tinguished from a marine or soldier who serves 
on board ship. 

BLUE-JAY (blo'ja), n. Common North Ameri- 
can bird (Cyanocitta cristata), of the crow 
family. Its back and wings are blue, spotted 
with black and white. 

BLUE-LAWS, (blo'laz), n.pl. Severe puritanic 
laws, alleged to have been enforced in various 
parts of colonial New England. 

BLUE-LIGHT (blo'lit), n. 1. Blue-flamed signal 
light. 2. Kind of fireworks that burns with a 
brilliant blue flame. 

BLUE-MASS (blo'mas),w. Phar. Mercurial mass. 

BLUENESS (blo'nes), n. State or quality of 
being blue. 

BLUENOSE (blo'noz), n. Nova-Scotian. (Colloq.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii-u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfe in Scotch loch. 



BLUE-PILL 



138 



BOA 



BLUE-PILL (blo'pil), n. Med. 31ercurial pill. 

BLUE-PRINT (blo'print), n. Positive print or 
photographic copy in white lines on a blue 
ground, of a map, plan, etc., upon sensitized 
paper. 

BLUE-RIBBON (blo'rib-un), n. 1. Insignia 
worn by members of the Royal order of the 
Garter. 2. Distinctive first prize awarded at 
horse, cattle and other animal shows. 

BLUESTOCKING (blo'stok-ing), n. Literary 
woman. 

BLUE- VITRIOL (blo-vit'ri-ol), w. Sulphate of 
copper. 

BLUEWING (blo'wing), n. Blue-winged teal. 

BLUFF (bluf), I. a. 1. Of a bold and steep as- 
cent; abrupt. 2. Frank; outspoken; blunt. 
II. n. 1. High steep bank; bold headland. 2. 
Game of cards; poker. 3. Bold speech or 
manner, assumed to mislead or overawe. [O. 
Dut. blaf, flat.] 

BLUFF (bluf), v. [pr.p. BLUFFING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLUFFED (bluft).] I. vt. Deter or mis- 
lead by making a bold show of superiority or 
strength. II. vi. Put on a bold front; make 
a fictitious boast or display of strength or 
superiority. 

BLUFFLY (bluf'li), adv. In a bluff manner; 
abruptly; bluntly. 

BLUFFNESS (bluf'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being bluff. 

BLUFFY (bluf'i), a. Having bluffs or bold head- 
lands. 

BLUING (blo'ing), n. 1. Material used for giving 
a bluish tint. 2. Act of giving a bluish tint. 

BLUISH (blo'ish), a. Tinged with blue. 

BLUNDER (blunder), v. [pr.p. BLUNDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLUNDERED (blun'derd).] I. vt. 
1. Bungle. 2. Mistake or err regarding; 
jumble. II. vi. 1. Fall into confusion. 2. Fall 
into gross mistake or error. 3. Proceed 
blindly or stupidly; flounder; stumble. [Etym. 
doubtful. Allied to BLIND and BLEND.] 

BLUNDER (blun'der), n. Gross mistake; stupid 
error. 

BLUNDERBUSS (blun'der-bus), n. Short gun 
with a large bore and funnel-ihaped muzzle. 
[Dut. donder, thunder, and bus, box, barrel of a 
gun.] 

BLUNDERER (blun'der-er), n. One who blun- 
ders. 

BLUNDERHEAD (blun'der-hed), n. Person 
who is always making blunders; blockhead. 

BLUNGE (blunj), vt. [pr.p. BLUNGING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLUNGED (blunjd).] Ceram. Mix 
by means of a blunger, as clay in a pottery. 
[Variation of PLUNGE.] 

BLUNGER (blun'jer), n. Ceram. Plunger, a 
wooden blade with a cross-handle used for 
mixing clay in potteries. [Variation of 
PLUNGER.] 

BLUNGING (blun'jing), n. Ceram. Process 
of mixing clays for the manufacture of porce- 
lain. [BLUNGE.] 



BLUNT (blunt), a. 1. Having a dull edge or 
point. 2. Abrupt; outspoken; brusque. 3. 
Dull in intellect. 4. Obtuse in feeling; the 
reverse of keen. [Etym. doubtful. Allied 
to BLUNDER.] 

BLUNT (blunt), v. [pr.p. BLUNT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLUNTED.] I. vt. 1. Dull the edge or 
point of. 2. Weaken or impair. II. vi. 
Become dull. 

BLUNTISH (blunt'ish), a. Somewhat blunt. 

BLUNTLY (blunt'li), adv. In a blunt manner. 

BLUNTNESS (blunt'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being blunt. 

BLUNTS (blunts), n.pl. Grade of sewing-nee- 
dles with the points less tapering than they 
are in sharps or even in betweens. 

BLUR (blur), v. [pr.p. BLURRING; p.t. and 
p.p. BLURRED (blurd).] I. vt. 1. Render in- 
distinct; obscure. 2. Cause indistinct vision 
of; dim. 3. Blemish; sully. II. vi. Become 
indistinct or dim. [From root of BLEAR.] 

BLUR (blur), n. 1. Indistinctness; dimness. 2. 
Smudge. 3. Blemish ; stigma. 

BLURT (blurt), v. [pr.p. BLURT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLURT'ED.] I. vt. Utter hastily 
and unadvisedly, or inadvertently. II. vi. 
Ejaculate. [Etym. doubtful. Allied to BLARE.] 

BLUSH (blush), vi. [pr.p. BLUSH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. BLUSHED (blusht).] 1. Grow red 
or rosy, especially in the face, as fr«m shame 
or confusion. 2. Bear a blooming red color. 
3. Feel ashamed. [Allied to BLAZE.] 

BLUSH (blush), n. 1. Flnsh or reddening of the 
cheeks, forehead, etc., from shame, confu- 
sion, etc. 2. Crimson or roseate hue, as of a 
rose, the morning sky, etc. 3. Glance; as, at 
first blush. 

BLUSTER (blus'ter), v. [pr.p. BLUS'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BLUSTERED (blus'terd).] I. vt. 
Utter with noisy vehemence. II. vi. 1. Be 
boisterous; blow with noisy violence. 2. 
Adopt a loud, boastful, menacing manner; 
swagger; bully. [A. S. blcestan, from blcest, 
blast.] 

BLUSTER (blus'ter), n. 1. Confused noise, as 
that of a storm. 2. Boisterous speech or con- 
duct. 

BLUSTERER (blus'ter-er), n. One who blusters. 

BLUSTERING (blus'ter-ing), a. 1. Windy; 
tempestuous. 2. Noisy; boastful; swaggering. 

BLUSTEROUS (blus'ter-us), a. Blustering. 

BLUSTERY (blus'ter-i), a. Blustering; blus- 
terous. 

BO (bo), interj. Exclamation used to Inspire 
fright; especially in children. 

BOA (bo'a), n. 1. Genus of large non-venomous 
serpents peculiar to the hot parts of South 
America, with which the similar large serpents 
of Asia and Africa, belonging to the genus 
Python, are commonly confounded. 2. [b-] 
Any serpent of this genus. 3. Boa-shaped 
neck-wrap worn by women. [L. boa, large 
serpent.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BOA-CONSTRICTOR 



139 



BOBTAIL 




Boa-constrictor. 
large American 



a. That may be 

One who is supplied 
2. One who boards 

1. Act of covering 



BOA-CONSTRICTOR (bo'a- 
con-strik-tiir), n. Largest 
known serpent, of the genus 
Boa. It destroys its prey 
by coiling itself round it 
and gradually tightening 
the folds. Several other 
serpents which crush their prey are also so 
called, though included in different genera. 

BOAR (bor), n. 1. Male of swine. 2, Wild 
boar. [A. S. bar.] 

BOARD (bord), n. 1. Long, broad, thin piece of 
timber. 2. Table for food; food served at 
table. 3. Meals served for pay; price paid for 
meals. 4. Council or authorized body of 
persons. 5. Deck or interior of a ship, boat, 
etc. 6. Table or frame for a game. 7. Paste- 
board; cover of a book. 8. [pi]. Stage of a 
theater. [A. S. bord, board.] 

BOARD (bord), v. [pr.p. BOARDING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOABD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cover with boards. 
2. Supply with meals at fixed terms. 3. Place 
as a boarder. 4. Enter, as a vessel, railway 
car, etc. II. vi. Take meals regularly for a 
stipulated price. 

BOARD ABLE (bord'a-bl), 
boarded. 

BOARDER (border), n. 1. 
with meals at fixed terms. 
a ship in action. 

BOARDING (bord'ing), n. 

with boards. 2. The boards regarded col- 
lectively. 3. Act or practice of obtaining one's 
food at fixed terms. 4. Naut. Act of going on 
board a vessel with hostile intent. 5. Act of 
getting aboard a vessel, railway train, etc. 

BOARDING-HOUSE (bord'ing-hows), n. House 
where boarders are accommodated. 

BOARDING-SCHOOL (bord'ing-skol), n. School 
in which the pupils are lodged and fed as well 
as given instruction. 

BOARD-WALK (bord'wak), n. Plank prome- 
nade at seaside; sidewalk of planking on any 
street or road. 

BOAST (bost), v. [pr.p. BOAST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOAST'ED.] I. vi. 1. Talk ostentatiously ; 
brag. 2. Glory; vaunt. II. vt. 1. Brag. 2. 
Glory in possessing. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BOAST (bost), n. 1. Expression or exhibition 
of vainglory or ostentation. 2. Cause of 
boasting; source of pride. 

BOASTER (bost'er), n. One who boasts. 

BOASTFUL (bdst'fol), a. 1. Given to boasting. 
2. Boasting; vainglorious. 

BOASTFULLY (bost'fQl-i), adv. In a boastful 
manner. 

BOASTFULNESS (bost'fpl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being boastful ; ostentation. 

BOAT (hot), n. 1. Small vessel propelled by 
oars or sails. 2. Any water craft. 3. Open 
dish resembling a boat, as sauce&oaf. [A. S. 
bat.] 

BOAT (bot), v. [pr.p. BOATING; p.t. and p.p. 



BOATED.] I. vt. Transport in a boat; also, 
place in a boat. II. vi. Go in a boat; also, 
manage a boat. 

BOATABLE (bot'a-bl), a. 1. Navigable for 
small boats. 2. That may be carried by boat. 

BOATAGE (bot/aj), n. 1. Toll on articles brought 
in boats. 2. Conveyance by boat. 3. Total 
carrying capacity of a vessel's boats. 

BOATBILL (bot'bil), n. South American bird 
of the heron family, having a bill resembling 
a boat with its keel upwards. 

BOAT-HOOK (bot'hok), n. Iron hook with a 
sharp point, fixed on the extremity of a short 
pole, and used for impelling boats or hauling 
them to. 

BOATING (bot'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of 
using boats. 2. Transportation by boats. 

BOATMAN (bot'man), n. 1. Man who manages 
a boat. 2. Keeper of boats for hire. 

BOATPAN (bot'pan), w. Boat-shaped iron pan 
used in concentrating and refining mineral 
ores. 

BOATSWAIN (bot'swan or bo'sn), n. Subordi- 
nate officer on board of a ship, who has 
charge of the boats, rigging, etc. [BOAT and 
SWAIN.] 

BOB (bob), v. [pr.p. BOBBING; p.t. and p.p, 
BOBBED (bobd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to move 
with a short, jerking motion. 2. Beat with 
quick blows. 3. Cut short, as the hair. II. 
vi. 1. Move up and down, or to and fro, with 
a short jerking motion. 2. Angle with a 
float or bob. [Etym. doubtful; probably imita- 
tive, from the sound of a body bobbing up and 
down.] 

BOB (bob), n. 1. Short jerking movement of 
any kind. 2. Anything which bobs, as a 
fisherman's float, ball of a plumb-line or pen- 
dulum, pendant, or ornament hanging from 
the ear, bob-sled, etc. 3. Sudden, slight blow; 
jog, or push. 

BOBBIN (bob'in), n. 1. Spool or reel on which 
thread is wound. 2. Braid or cord used in 
haberdashery. 3. Quill for a spinning wheel. 
[Fr. bobine.] 

BOBBINATE (bob'i-nat), n. High explosive in 
the form of dynamite, but of lighter weight. 

BOBBINET (bob-i-nef), n. Machine-made net 
or lace. 

BOBBINWORK (bob'in-wtirk), n. Work woven 
with bobbins. 

BOBOLINK (bob'o-lingk), n. Popular name of 
the rice-bird or reed-bird. [From its cry.] 

BOB-SLED (bobsled), n. 
Two short sleds in tan- 
dem, united by a long 
board. 

BOBSTAY (bob'sta), n. 

Naut. One Of the chains or ropes which tie 
the bowsprit end to the stem, to enable it to 
stand the upward strain of the forestays. 

BOBTAIL (bob'tal), n. 1. Short tail; docked tail. 
2. Contemptible fellow. 3. Rabble. 



Bob-sled. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



BOBTAILED 



140 



BOIL 




Bob-white. 



BOBTAILED (bob'tald), a. Having the tail cut 
short, as a bobtailed nag. 

BOB-WHITE (bob'whit), 
n. American quail. 
[From its cry.] 

BOCK-BEER (bok'ber), n. 
Strong lager beer. [A. 
S. boc, goat, and BEER.] 

BOOKING (bok'ing), n. 
Kind of coarse drugget. 
[From Booking, a town 
in England.] 

BODDICE (bod'is), n. Same as BODICE. 

BODE (bod), v. [pr.p. BODING; p.t. and p.p. 
BODED.] I. vt. Portend or predict. II. vi. 
Be an omen (ill or good). [A. S. bodian, an- 
nounce.] 

BODE (bod), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of BIDE. 

BODEFUL (bod'fol), a. Ominous; portentous; 
foreboding or threatening evil. 

BODICE (bod'is), n. Close-fitting waist of a 
woman's dress. [BODIES, pi. of BODY.] 

BODIED (bod'id), a. 1. Having a body. 2. 
Having body. 

BODILESS (bod'i-les), a. 1. Without a body. 
2. Incorporeal. 

BODILY (bod'i-li), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the 
body; corporeal. 2. Entire. II. adv. 1. 
Corporeally; in the person. 2. Completely. 

BODING (boding), I. a. 1. Ominous. 2. Fear- 
ful. II. n. Presentiment; omen. [A. S. 
boding, preaching.] 

BODKIN (bodkin), n. 1. Small instrument for 
piercing holes, used by bookbinders and others. 
2. Large-eyed, blunt-pointed needle, for 
drawing tape through a hem. 3. Pin for 
fastening a woman's hair. 4. Printer's 
tool for picking type from a form. 5. 
Originally, a small dagger. [Wei. bidogyn, 
dagger.] 

BODY (bod'i), n. [pi. BOD'IES.] 1. Physical 
structure and form of an animal or thing. 2. 
Trunk or main part of an animal; main part 
of anything. 3. Person. 4. Number of per- 
sons united for a purpose. 5. Number of 
things; mass; system. 6. Strength or sub- 
stance. 7. Corporation. 8. Solid substance. 
9. Matter as opposed to spirit. 10. Geom. A 
solid. [A. S. bodig.] 

SYN. Trunk; carcass; bulk; person; be- 
ing; individual; mortal; creature; company; 
band; party; society; association; corpora- 
tion; system; summary; thickness; sub- 
stance; consistency; corpse. ANT. Spirit; 
soul; individual. 

BODY (bod'i), vt. [pr.p. BOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. 
BODIED (bod'id).] 1. Provide with a body. 
2. Form into a body. 3. (With forth), ex- 
hibit in bodily form. 

BODY-COLOR (bod'i-kul-ur), n. Paint. Pig- 
ment which has "body," thickness, or con- 
sistency, as distinguished from a tint or wash. 




Johannes P a u 1 u s 
Kruger, Boer presi- 
dent of So. African 
Republic. Born 1825, 
died 1904. 



BODY-GUARD (bod'i-gard), n. Guardian; es- 
cort; lifeguard; 

BODY-POLITIC (bod-i-pol'i-tik), n. Collective 
body of a nation under civil government. 

BODY-SNATCHING (bod'i-snach-ing), n. Rob- 
bing graves of corpses for the purpose of dis- 
section. 

BcEOTIAN(be-6'shan),I. n. Native of Boeotia, 
ancient Greece. II. a. Of or pertaining to 
Boeotia or its inhabitants, who were noted for 
dullness; hence, dull; stupid; obtuse. 

JoOER (bor), n. Descendant 
of the Dutch colonists of 
South Africa. [Dut. boer, 
farmer.] 

BOG (bog), n. 1. Marsh; 
morass; quagmire. 2. 
Anything in which one is 
apt to sink hopelessly be- 
mired. [Gael, bog, soft.] 

BOGEY (bo'gi), n. Same as 
BOGY. 

BOGGLE (bog'l), v. [pr.p. 
BOGGLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOGGLED (bog'ld).] I. 
vt. 1. Make a bungle or 
botch of. 2. Confound 
or confuse. II. vi. 1. 

Hesitate; waver. 2. Bungle. 3. Stop, as if 
afraid or unwilling to proceed; shy. ' 4. 
Equivocate; dissemble. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BOGGLER (bog'ler), n. One who boggles. 

BOGGY (bog'i), a. Containing bogs; marshy; 
swampy. 

BOGIE (bo'gi), n. 1. Saw-mill truck. 2. 
Railway truck. 

BOGLE (bo'gi), n. Bugbear; hobgoblin; specter; 
bogy. [Wei. bygel, bugbear.] 

BOGUS (bo'gus), a. Sham; spurious. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

BOGY (bo'gi), n. Bugbear; anything designed 
to frighten. [Allied to BOGLE.] 

BOHEA (bo-he'), n. Inferior black tea from 
China. [Wu-i (pron. bu-i) Hills, in China.] 

BOHEMIA (bo-he'mi-a), n. Province of Aus- 
tria Hungary. Area 20,060 sq. m. 

BOHEMIAN (bo-he'mi-an), I. a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to Bohemia. 2. Unconven- 
tional; erratic. II. n. 1. Native or language 
of Bohemia. 2. Gypsy. 3. Person of 
irregular habits and who disregards conven- 
tionality. 

BOHOR (bo'har), n. West African antelope 
(Cervicapra bohor). 

BOIL (boil), v. [pr.p. BOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOILED (boild).] I. vt. 1. Cause to bubble 
up from the action of heat; heat to the point 
of ebullition. 2. Cook in a seething liquid. 
II. vi. 1. Bubble up from the action of heat. 

2. Be cooked or prepared in a seething liquid. 

3. Be agitated, as waves by the wind; seethe. 

4. Be stirred with passion. [Fr. bouillir.] 
BOIL (boil), n. State of ebullition. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BOIL 



141 



BOLT 



BOIL (boll), n. Inflamed tumor; furuncle. [A. 
S. byl.} 

BOILER (boil'er), n. Vessel in which anything 
is boiled or in which steam is generated. 

BOILERY (boil'er-i), n. [pi. BOIL'ERIES.] 
Place for boiling, as in salt-works where the 
brine is evaporated. 

BOILING (boil'ing), I. a. In a state of ebullition 
by heat. II. n. State or process of ebullition. 
— Boiling point, point or degree of the ther- 
mometer at which any liquid boils. That of 
water under ordinary conditions is 212° Fahr. 
or 100° Cent. 

BOISE (boi'za), n. Capital of Idaho. 

BOISTEROUS (bois'ter-us), a. Noisy; turbulent; 
violent. [Wei. bwyst, wildness.] 

SYN. Tumultuous; stormy; loud; roar- 
ing; furious; vehement; tempestuous; wild. 
ANT. Peaceful; calm; serene; quiet; tran- 
quil. 

BOISTEROUSLY (bois'ter-us-li), adv. In a 
boisterous manner. 

BOKHARA (bo-ka'rii), n. 1. Russian depend- 
ency in Asia, N. of Afghanistan. Area 
92,000 sq. m. Capital of above. 

BOLA (bo'la), n. Ball of stone or metal attached 
to a cord or thong used by the Patagonians 
and other natives of South America, either as 
a weapon of war or a hunting implement. 
[Sp. bola, ball.] 

BOLD (bold), a. 1. Daring; brave; intrepid; 
fearless. 2. Requiring courage for its execu- 
tion. 3. Striking; conspicuous; prominent. 
4. Steep and abrupt. 5. Full of effrontery; 
impudent; rude. [A. S. beald.~\ 

SYN. Courageous; valorous; fearless; 
dauntless; valiant; audacious; adventurous; 
confident; forward; impudent. ANT. Cow- 
ardly; timid; fearful; pusillanimous; craven; 
diffident; modest; reserved. 

BOLD-FACE (bold'fas), n. 1. ..Impudent or 
saucy person. 2. Print. Type having a heavier 
outline than common type. 

BOLD-FACED (bold'fast), a. 1. Impudent; 
shameless.,. 2. Print. Having a heavy and 
broad face; said of certain type. 

BOLDLY (bold'li), adv. In a bold manner. 

BOLDNESS (bold'nes), n. Quality of being bold. 

BOLE (bol), n. Trunk of a tree. 

BOLE (bol), n. Soft clay used as pigment. [Gr. 
bolos, clod.] 

BOLERO (bo-la'ro), n. Popular Spanish dance, 
usually accompanied with the castanets, and 
sometimes with the voice. [Sp.] 

BOLETUS (bo-le'tus), n. Pot. Genus of mush- 
rooms, distinguished from Agaricus by the 
absence of gills. 

BOLIDE (bo'lid or bo'lid), w. Meteoric fireball; 
meteor. [Fr., from L. bolis, bolidis, meteor; Gr. 
bolis, missile.] 

BOLITA (bo-le'ta), n. Zool. Armadillo having 
three jointed bands by which it can roll itself 
up like a ball. [Sp. bola, ball.] 




Ex- President Pan- 
do, of Bolivia. 




Bolivia (bo-iivi-a), n. s. 

American Republic, S. W. 
of Brazil. Area 708,195 
sq. m. 

Bolivian (bo-iiv'i-an), «. 

Native or inhabitant of 
Bolivia, a republic of South 
America. 

BOLL (bol), n. Pot. Round 
pod or pericarp of a plant. 
[A. S. bolla, bowl; from 
root of BOLE.] 

BOLL (bol), vi. [pr.p. BOOZ- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BOLLED (bold).] Form in- 
to a pericarp or pod; produce seed-vessels or 
pods. 

BOLLARD (bol'ard), n. Naut. Strong post with 
blocks, used in docking ships. [Allied to 
POLLARD.] 

BOLL-WEEVIL (bol'we-vl), BOLL-WORM 
(bol'wurm), n. Insect larva that eats the un- 
ripe bolls of the cotton plant. 

BOLO (bo'16),n. [pi. BOLOS (bo'loz.] Heavy, 
sword-like knife, used by the Filipinos in 
rough carpentry, in clearing thickets, 
as a hatchet, etc., and also on 
occasion 
as a war- 
weapon. 
[Filipino name.] 

BOLOGNA, BOLOGNA-SAUSAGE (bo-16'na- 
sa-saj), n. Large sausage made of various 
kinds of meat seasoned with herbs, and en- 
closed in a thin skin or membrane. [From 
Pologna, in Italy.] 

BOLOGNESE (bo-lo-nyez), a. Pertaining to 
north central Italian university city Bo- 
logna, or to its eclectic school of paint- 
ing. 

BOLOMETER (bo-lom'e-ter), n. Instrument for 
measuring very small variations of radiant 
heat. [Gr. bole, ray, and metron, measure.] 

BOLSON (bol-son'), n. Enclosed unirrigable 
land. [Sp. Polsa, pocket.] 

BOLSTER (bolster), n. 1. Long pillow or cush- 
ion for placing under the pillows of a bed. 

2. Anything of a similar nature, as pads of 
various kinds, used as supports. [A. S.] 

BOLSTER (bolster), vt. [pr.p. BOLSTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BOLSTERED (bol'sterd).] 1. Sup- 
port with a bolster. 2. Support or prop up. 

3. Maintain; suppor*. 

BOLT (bolt), n. 1. Stout pin of iron or other metal 
for holding objects together, frequently screw- 
threaded at one end to receive a nut. 2. Bar of 
iron or other material for fastening a door, 
etc. 3. Elongated shot. 4. Arrow. 5. Thun- 
derbolt. 6. Roll of cloth, paper, etc. 7. Act of 
swallowing food hastily. 8. Sudden start or 
departure. 9. Refusal to abide by the action 
of a party or body of which one is a member. 
[A. S.] 

BOLT (bolt), v. [pr.p. BOLTING; p.t. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BOLT 



142 



BONDSTONE 



BOLT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a bar or pin. 
2. Blurt out. 3. Swallow hastily. 4. Eject 
forcibly; expel. 5. Among sportsmen, to start 
or dislodge. II. vi. 1. Dart forth or off; run 
away. 2. Refuse to be bound by the action of 
one's party or by that of a body of which one 
has been a member. 

BOLT (bolt), adv. 1. In the manner of a stout 
pin of iron; rigidly. 2. Like an arrow; swiftly; 
straight. 3. Like a thunderbolt, suddenly 
and unexpectedly. — Bolt upright, in an erect 
position. 

BOLT (bolt), vt. [pr.p. BOLT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOLTED.] 1. Sift or separate (the flour of 
wheat) from the hull or bran. 2. Examine 
by sifting. [L.L. buleto, bolt or sift.] 

BOLT (bolt), n. 1. Sieve or sifter; bolter. 2. 
Amount of flour and bran resulting from a 
single bolting. 

BOLTER (bolter), n. 1. One who fastens bolts. 
2. Person or animal that swallows food with- 
out proper mastication. 3. One who departs 
abruptly. 4. Runaway horse. 5. One who 
breaks away from party allegiance, and refuses 
to support a nominee. 

BOLTER (bolt'er), n. Apparatus for sifting or 
bolting flour or meal. 

BOLTER (bolt'er), n. Trot-line used in sea- 
fishing; trawl -line; boulter. 

BOLTHEAD (bdlt'hed), n. Chem. Globular 
flask with a tubular neck, for boiling and 
subliming. 

BOLTROPE (bolt'rop), n. Naut. Rope used 
to form frame of any sail. 

BOLUS (bo'lus), n. Large-sized pill used in 
veterinary practice. 

BOMB (bom), n. Metal shell containing an ex- 
plosive to be fired by impact or by a fuse. [Fr. 
bombe; from L. bombus; Gr. bombos, humming 
sound.] 

BOMBARD (bom'bard), n. Mortar of large bore, 
formerly used for throwing huge stones. fFr. 
bombarde; from L. bombus. See BOMB.] 

B03IBARD (bom-bard'), vt. [pr.p. BOMBARD- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BOMBARDED.] 1. Assail 
with cannon or with bombs. 2. Attack as with 
bombs or cannon; pelt. [Fr. bombarder; from 
bombarde.] 

BOMBARDIER (bom-bar-der), n. Mil. Artil- 
leryman who attends to the firing of mortars. 

BOMBARDMENT (bom-bard'ment), n. Artil- 
lery assault; act of throwing shot and shell 
into a town, fort, ship, etc. 

BOMBARDON (bom-bar'dun), n. Musical wind 
instrument much like the bassoon, used as a 
bass to the hautboy. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BOMBASINE (bom-ba-zen'), n. Same as 
BOMBAZINE. 

BOMBAST (bom'bast), n. Inflated or high- 
sounding language; fustian. [0. Fr. bombace, 
padding.] 

BOMBASTIC (bom-bas'tik), BOMBASTICAL 
(bom-bas'tik-aD* a. Inflated; pompous. 



BOMBAY (bom-ba), n. I. Province of British 
India. 2. Capital of said province. 

BOaiBAZET (bom-ba-zet), n. Very thin cash- 
mere woolen cloth of different hues. 

BOMBAZINE (bom-ba-zen), n. Fine twilled 
fabric of silk and worsted. [Gr. bombyx, silk.] 

BOMB-PROOF (bom'prof), I. a. Capable of re- 
sisting injury from bombs or shells. II. n. 
Fort. Structure capable of resisting bombs 
or shells. 

BOMBSHELL (bom'shel), n. Bomb or shell 
projectile. 

BOMBYX (bom'biks), n. Silkworm. [L., from 
Gr. bombyx, silkworm, silk.] 

BON (bang), a. Good; genuine; legitimate. 
[Fr., from L. bonus, good.] 

BONA DeA (bo'na de'a). Roman goddess of 
f ruitf ulness ; her festivals celebrated only in 
the night by women. 

BONA FIDE (bona fide). In good faith. Used 
in English as a compound adjective; as, bona- 
fide transactions. [L.] 

BONANZA (bo-nan'za), n. Productive mine; 
profitable investment. [Sp., prosperity.] 

BONBON (bang'bang), n. Sweetmeat; candy. 
[Fr., "very good" — bon, good.] 

BOND (bond), I. n. 1. That which binds; band; 
link of connection. 2. Moral obligation; re- 
straint. 3. Formally contracted obligation, 
or its record in writing. 4. Certificate of in- 
debtedness, bearing interest. 5. [pi.'] Chains; 
fetters; captivity; imprisonment. 6. Certif- 
icate of indebtedness, as a government bond. 
7. Government storage for goods till the duty 
is paid. 8. Masonry. Disposition of stones 
or bricks in a wall so that the vertical joints 
are separated from each other. 9. Link con- 
necting rails in electric trolley system. [Vari- 
ant of BAND — A. S. bindan, bind.] 

BOND (bond), a. Bound; enslaved. 

BOND (bond), vt. [pr.p. BOND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOND'ED.] 1. Put under bond; mortgage. 
2. Place in a bonded warehouse under require- 
ment of revenue laws. 

BONDAGE (bond'aj), n. 1. State of being under 
restraint; captivity; slavery; involuntary 
servitude. 2. State of subjection of any kind. 

BONDED (bond'ed), a. 1. Under a bond; mort- 
gaged. 2. Secured by bonds, as national bank 
currency. 3. Placed in bond, or in a bonded 
warehouse. [See BOND.] 

BOND-HOLDER (bond'hol-der), n. Owner of 
bonds of a government or private corporation. 

BONDMAID (bond'mad), n. Female slave. 

BONDMAN (bond'man), n, [pi. BOND'MEN.] 
Male slave. 

BONDSERVANT (bond'serv-ant), n. Servant 
not hired, but in slavery or involuntary servi- 
tude. 

BONDSMAN (bondz'man), n. [pi. BONDSMEN.] 
1. Bondman. 2. Law. One giving surety for 
another; surety. 

BONDSTONE (bond'ston), n. Arch. Stone used 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, 3i§r; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oiI t owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BONDWOMAN 



143 



BOOKISH 



for binding a wall together in the direction of 
its thickness. 

BONDWOMAN (bond'wom-an), n. [pi. BOND- 
WOMEN.] Female slave; bondmaid. 

BONE (bon), I. n. 1. Hard substance composing 
the skeleton of man and other animals. 2. 
Piece of the skeleton, as the thigh-bone. 3. 
[pi.] Whole articulated skeleton. 4. [pi.] Pieces 
of bone used as clappers; any objects similarly 
used. 5. Object made of bone or resembling 
a bone. — Bone of contention, ground or object 
of contention. — Have a bone to pick, having 
something disagreeable to settle. — Make no 
hones, make no scruple. [A. S. bane.] 

BONE (bon), vt. [pr.p. BO'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
BONED (bond).] 1. Take out the bones of. 
2. Stiffen with bones. 3. Fertilize with pul- 
verized bone. 

BONE-BLACK (bon'blak), n. Black carbona- 
ceous substance obtained by heating bones to 
redness in a close vessel. 

BONED (bond), a. 1. Having bones of a par- 
ticular character, as big-ooned. 2. Deprived 
of bones, as boned chicken. 

BONESET (bon'set), w. Bitter herb, the Eupa- 
torium perfoliatum, a valuable diaphoretic. 

BONFIRE (bon'fir)j n. Large fire made in the 
open air on festive occasions. [BONE and 
FIRE.] 

BONHOMIE (bon-o-me'), n, 1. Good-nature. 
2. Simplicity. [Fr.] 

BONINESS (bo'ni-nes), n. Quality of being 
bony. 

BONING (bd'ning), n. Act of estimating straight- 
ness by looking along a series of poles. 

BON-MOT (bang'mo), n. [pi. BONS-MOTS 
(bang mo z; Fr. bang'mo).] Good saying; 
witty repartee. [Fr.] 

BONNE (bon), n. Governess; nursemaid. [Fr.] 

BONNE BOUCHE (bon bosh). Delicious mor- 
sel. [Fr.] 

BONNET (bon'et), n. 1. Covering for the head, 
worn by women. 2. Kind of cap worn by 
boys and men in Scotland. 3. Covering for 
other purposes. 4. Naut. Small sail attached 
to a larger, by lacings, and taken off in bad 
weather. 5. Fort. Kind of little ravelin. 6. 
Bot. Yellow water-lily (Nuphar advena). [Fr.] 

BONNET (bon'et), vt. [pr.p. BON'NETING; p.t. 
and p.p. BON'NETED.] 1. Cover the head 
of with a bonnet; provide with a bonnet. 2. 
Crush the hat over the eyes of. 

BONNETED (bon'et-ed), a. Wearing a bonnet. 

BONNILASS (bon'i-las), w. Pretty girl. [BON- 
NY and LASS.] 

BONNILY (bon'i-li), adv. 1. Beautifully; hand- 
somely. 2. Gaily. 3. Plumply; gracefully. 

BONNINESS (bon'i-nes), n. 1. Beauty; hand- 
someness. 2. Plumpness; shapeliness; grace- 
fulness. 

BONNY (bon'i), a. [comp. BON'NIER; superl. 
BON'NIEST.] 1. Beautiful; pretty; hand- 
some; comely. 2. Gay; blithe; merry; frolic- 




Booby (Sula len- 
cogastra). 



some. 3. Plump; well-proportioned; shapely. 
[Fr. bon, bonne, good.] 

SYN. Fair; plump; chubby; buxom; 
blithe; cheerful; merry; frolicsome; win- 
some. ANT. Homely; uncomely; deformed; 
unsightly; uncouth; morose. 

BONNY-CLABBER (bon'i-klab-er), n. Milk that 
has become curdled or thickened in the proc- 
ess of souring; clabber. [Ir. bainne, milk, 
and claba, thick.] 

BON-TON (bang-tang'), n. 1. Height of fashion. 
2. The fashionable world. [Fr.] 

BONUS (bo'nus), n. Extra compensation or 
allowance. [L., good.] 

BON-VIVANT (bang-ve-vang'), n. 1. High or 
luxurious liver. 2. Jovial boon-companion; 
good-fellow. [Fr.] 

BONY (bo'ni), a. 1. Of, like, pertaining to, con- 
taining, or consisting of, bone or bones. 2. 
Having the bones prominent; scrawny. 

BONZE (bonz), n. Buddhist priest in Japan, 
India and China. [Fr.] 

BOOBY (bo'bi), n. [pi. BOO'- 
BIES.] 1. Species of gannet, 
remarkable for its apparent 
stupidity. 2. Dull or stupid 
person. [Sp. bobo, stupid.] 

BOOBYISH (bo'bi-ish), a. 
Like a booby; silly; stupid. 

BOODHISM (bod'izm), n. 
Same as BuDDHISM. 

BOODLE (bo'dl), n. Money used to influence 
the action of a public official; bribe money. 
General term for ill-gotten gains. 

BOODLER (bo'dlr), n. One who accepts and 
receives boodle. 

BOOK (bok), n. 1. Collection of sheets of paper, 
whether written or printed on, or blank, bound 
together. 2. Literary composition. 3. Di- 
vision of a volume. 4. Whist. Six tricks taken 
by either party. 5. Register of various kinds.: 
account-book, cash-book, racing record, etc. 
— Bring to book, call to account. [A. S. bok, 
book; from 66c, beech-tree.] 

BOOK (bok), v. [pr.p. BOOKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOOKED (bokt).] I. vt. 1. Enter in a book; 
register; record. 2. Arrange or provide for 
in advance, as for transportation, seat at a 
theater, etc. II. vi. Become booked; arrange 
for an accommodation, as for passage or for 
a seat at a theater. 

BOOK-ACCOUNT (bok'ak-kownt), n. Account 
or register of debit or credit in a book or ledger. 

BOOKBINDER (bok'bind-er), n. One who binds 
books. 

BOOKBINDERY (bok'bind-er-i), n. Place 
where books are bound. 

BOOKBINDING (bok'bind-ing), n. Act or art 
of binding books. 

BOOKCASE (bok'kas), w. Case with shelves 
for holding books. 

BOOKISH (bok'ish), a. Acquainted with books, 
but deficient in knowledge of men; unpractical. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch giide; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BOOKKEEPER 



144 



BOOT-HOSE 



BOOKKEEPER (bok'kep-er), n. One who 
keeps mercantile accounts. 

BOOKKEEPING (bok'kep-ing), n. Art, practice 
or system of keeping accounts. — Single entry 
bookkeeping, that system of bookkeeping 
which requires only one entry for a single 
transaction. — Double entry bookkeeping, sys- 
tem of bookkeeping which requires for every 
transaction two entries, one on the debit 
and one on the credit side. 

BOOK-LEARNED (bok'lernd), a. Possessing 
knowledge acquired from books rather than 
from personal observation and reflection. 

BOOK-LEARNING (bok'lern-ing), n. Learning 
acquired by reading, often opposed to that 
acquired by experience and observation. 

BOOK-3IAKER (bok'ma-ker), n. 1. One who 
writes, compiles, or manufactures books. 
2. One who keeps a book in which bets on 
horse-races, etc., are entered; arranger of 
bets at races. 

BOOK-31AKING (bok'ma-king), n. 1. Art or 
practice of writing, compiling or manufac- 
turing books. 2. Art or practice of keeping 
a betting book. 

BOOKMARK (bok'mark), n. Anything placed 
between the leaves of a book to mark a place 
for future reference. 

BOOKPLATE (bQk'plat), n. Label usually 
pasted inside the cover of a book, bearing the 
owner's name, etc. 

BOOKSELLER (bok'sel-er), n. One who deals 
in books. 

BOOKSHELF (bok'shelf), n. [pi. BOOK- 
SHELVES.] Shelf to hold books. 

BOOKSHOP (bok'shop), n. Shop or store in 
which books are sold. 

BOOKSTALL (bok'stal), n. Stand or stall on 
the public street where books are sold. 

BOOKSTAND (bok'stand), n. 1. Bookstall. 2. 
Stand for holding books. 

BOOKSTORE (bok'stor), n. Store where books 
are kept for sale. 

BOOKWORM (bok'wurm), n. 1. Mite that eats 
holes in books. 2. Devoted reader of books. 

BOOM (bom), n. Hollow sound, as of the sea, 
a cannon, drum; the noise made by the 
bittern, prairie-chickens, etc. [Gr. bombos, 
hollow sound.] 

BOOM (bom), vi. [pr.p. BOOMING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOOMED (bomd).] Make a deep hollow 
sound, as a cannon, the ocean, or a bittern. 

BOOM (bom), n. 1. Rushing, roaring torrent. 
2. Sudden active movement in favor of any 
cause, person or thing; sudden apparent pros- 
perity. 

BOOM (bom), v. [pr.p. BOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOOMED (bomd).] I. vt. Push forward; ac- 
tively and enthusiastically promote. II. vi. 
1. Rush with noise, as a ship under full sail, 
when she is said to come booming. 2. Ad- 
vance rapidly in prosperity and importance. 

BOOM (bom), n. 1. Pole by which a sail is 




Boomerangs. 



Genial; jovial; intimate. [Fr. 
Coarse or awkward person. 



Rude; unmannerly; 



stretched. 2. Chain or bar stretched across a 

harbor. [Low Ger. boom, tree.] 
BOOM (bom), vt. [pr.p. BOOM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

BOOMED (bomd).] Push, obstruct, extend, or 

confine with a boom or spar. 
B0031ER (bom'er), n. One who or that which 

booms. 
BOOMERANG 

(bom'e-rang), 

n. 1. Weapon 

used by native 

Australians, a 

stick of hard 

wood so curved 

that when 

thrown forward 

it takes a whirl- 
ing course upward till it stops, when it returns 

with a swoop and falls in the rear of the 

thrower. 2. Any scheme or plan which recoils 

upon the originator. 
BOON (bon), n. Gift; favor; privilege; blessing. 

[Ice. bon.] 
BOON (bon), a. 

bon, good.] 
BOOR (bor), n. 

[Ger. bauer, farmer.] 
BOORISH (bor'ish), a. 

clownish. 
BOOST (bost), I. vt. [pr.p. BOOST'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. BOOSTED.] 1. Lift or push upward. 2. 

Promote or forward. II. n. Push upward; 

lift; helping hand. (Colloq.) 
BOOSTER (bost'er), n. Elec. Dynamo, inserted 

in a special feeder or group of feeders in a 

distributing system, for the purpose of raising 

the pressure of the feeder or group of feeders 

above that of the rest of the system. 
BOOT (bot), n. 1. Covering for the foot and 

lower part of the leg. 2. High shoe. 3. Old 

instrument of torture for the legs. 4. Recep- 
tacle in a carriage, for parcels, etc. [Fr. botte.] 
BOOT (b6t), v. [pr.p. BOOTING; p.t. and p.p. 

BOOTED.] I. vt. 1. Put boots on. 2. Kick. 

(Slang.) II. vi. Put on one's boots. 
BOOT (bot), n. 1. Profit; gain; advantage. 2. 

That which is given to make an exchange 

equal. — To boot, over and above; besides; 

additional. [A. S. bot, profit.] 
BOOTBLACK (bot'blak), n. One who blacks and 

polishes boots. 
BOOTCRIMP (bot'krimp), n. Frame used by 

boot makers for drawing in and shaping the 

body of a boot. 
BOOTED (bot'ed), a. Having boots on. 
BOOTEE (bot-e), n. 1. Half-boot. 2. White 

dotted India muslin. 
BOOTH (both), n. 1. Stall or stand at a fair or 

market. 2. Temporary light structure for 

mercantile or other purposes. [From root of 

ABODE.] 
BOOT-HOSE (bot'hoz), n. Stockings to serve 

in lieu of boots. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\l=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BOOTJACK 



145 



BORROW 



BOOTJACK (bot'jak), n. Instrument for pulling 
off boots from the feet. 

BOOTLESS (bot'les), a. Unavailing; useless. 

BOOTLESSLY (bot'les-li), adv. Unsuccessfully. 

BOOTS (bots), n. Servant at hotel or inn who 
cleans or blocks and polishes boots of 
guests, etc. 

BOOT-TOPPING (bot'top-ing), n. Naut. Opera- 
tion of scraping the bottom of a vessel and 
giving it a coat of resin. 

BOOT-TREE (bot'tre), n. Device for stretching 
the uppers of boots and shoes. 

BOOTY (bo'ti), n. Spoil taken in war, or by 
force; plunder. [From Ger. beute, plunder.] 

BOOZE (boz), vi. [pr.p. BOOZING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOOZED (bozd).] Drink to excess; tipple; 
tope. [Dut. buizen.] 

BOOZE (boz), n. 1. Intoxicating liquor. 2. 
Drinking-spell; spree. 

BOOZER (boz'er), n. One who tipples or drinks 
to excess; toper. 

BOOZY (boz'i), a. Somewhat intoxicated, but 
not entirely overcome, by liquor; fuddled. 

BO-PEEP (bo-pep'), n. Children's game, in 
which the performers look out from behind 
anything, and then draw back quickly; peek- 
a-boo. [BO and PEEP.] 

BORACIC (bo-ras'ik), a. Pertaining to or pro- 
duced from borax. — Boracic acid, boric acid. 

BORATE (bo'rat), n. Chem. Salt resulting from 
the combination of boric acid with a base. 

BORAX (bo'raks), n. Salt made of boracic acid 
and soda, used for antiseptic and sedative pur- 
poses, and as a flux in soldering. [Pers. 
bur ah.] 

BORCER (bar'ser), n. Quarrying. Steel-pointed 
instrument, used for boring holes in rocks, 
in order to charge them for blasting. [Origin 
unknown.] 

BORD (bord), n. Mining. Face of coal parallel 
to the cleavage. [Fr. bord, side.] 

BORDAGE (bor'daj), n. Naut. Ship's side. 
[Fr. bord, side, and suffix -AGE.] 

BORDEAUX (bor-do'), n. 1. City in southern 
France. 2. Wine from the region about the 
city of Bordeaux. 

BORDER (bar'der), n. 1. Outer edge of any- 
thing. 2. Boundary line of a country, or 
district in the immediate vicinity. 3. Hem 
or ornamented strip along the edge of a gar- 
ment. 4. Raised flower or other bed along 
the edge of a garden, path, etc. [A. S. bord, 
edge.] 

30RDER (bar'der), v. [pr.p. BORDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BORDERED (bar'derd).] I. vt. 

1. Make or adorn with a border. 2. Reach 
or be contiguous to; adjoin. II. vi. Be ad- 
jacent or contiguous. 

BORDERED (bar'derd), a. 1. Having a border. 

2. Bot. Having one color surrounded by a 
border or edging of another. 

BORDERER (bar'der-er), n. Dweller on the 
border or frontier of a country. 



BORDER-LAND (bar'der-land), n. Land on the 
border, usually debatable. 

BORE (bor), v. [pr.p. BOR'ING; p.t. and p.p, 
BORED (bord).] I. vt. 1. Pierce so as to form 
a hole, especially with or as with an auger. 2. 
Weary or annoy. II. vi. 1. Be pierced by a 
boring tool. 2. Make a hole by boring. 3. 
Push forward. [A. S. borian.] 

BORE (bor), n. 1. Hole made by an auger or 
like instrument; any similar hole, as in a gun; 
caliber. 2. Person or thing that wearies or 
annoys. [A. S. bor, gimlet.] 

BORE (bor), v. Past tense of BEAR. 

BORE (bor), n. Sudden influx of a tidal wave in 
an estuary» often of great volume, and rushing 
up with great violence and a loud noise. [Ice. 
bdra, billow.] 

BOREAL (bo're-al), a. Pertaining to the North 
or the north wind; northern. 

BOREAS (bo're-as), n. Greek Myth. The north 
wind, represented with wings and white hair. 

BORECOLE (bor'kol), n. Curly-leaved winter 
cabbage, having no head. [Dut. bosenkool, 
farmer's cabbage.] 

BORER (bor'er), n. 1. Boring instrument. 2, 
Insect or worm that bores into wood. 

BORIC (bo'rik), a. Chem. Pertaining to or 
derived from boron. — Boric acid, crystalline 
compound formed by the action of water on 
nitride of boron, which is decomposed by it 
into boric acid and ammonia. Also called 
boracic acid. 

BORIDE (bo'rid), n. Chem. Combination of 
boron with a radical. 

BORINE (bo'ren), n. Chem. Hydride of boron. 

BORING (bor'ing), n. 1. Act or operation of 
cutting a hole with a borer. 2. Hole caused 
by such act or operation. 3. [pi.] Fragments 
or chips produced by such act or operation. 

BORLINETTO POWDER (bor-li-net'd pow-der). 
High explosive composed of chromate of 
potash, nitrate of sodium and picric acid. 

BORN (barn), I. v. Past participle of BEAR, 
bring forth. Brought into being; produced. 
II. a. Natural; innate. 

BORNE (born), v. Past participle of BEAR, 
carry. 

BORNEO (bar'ne-6), n. Largest of E. Indian 
Islands, seven-eighths Dutch, one-eighth 
English. Area 286,161 sq. m. 

BORNEOL (bar'ne-ol), n. Camphor-like sub- 
stance obtained from a tree in Borneo, the 
Dryobalanops camphor a. 

BORON (bo'ron), n. Chem. Non-metallic ele- 
ment, resembling carbon in its properties. It 
is the base of boric acid. [BOR(AX) and 
(CARB)ON.] 

BOROUGH (bur'6), n. 1. Incorporated town or 
village. 2. In England, a town that sends a 
a representative to parliament. 3. Municipal 
division of a large city. [A. S. burg, town, 
fort.] 

BORROW (bor'6), v. [pr.p. BORROWING; p.t. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mate, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BORROWER 



146 



BOTHERATION 



and p.p. BORROWED (bor'od).] I. vt. 1. Ob- 
tain as a loan, with express or implied promise 
to return in due time. 2. Appropriate; copy; 
plagiarize. 3. Feign; assume. II. vi. En- 
gage in the act or practice of borrowing. 
[A. S. borgian, borrow.] 

BORROWER (bor'6-er), n. One who borrows. 

BORROWING (bor'6-ing), n. 1. Obtaining on 
loan. 2. Taking or adopting what is another's 
as one's own. 3. Feigning or assuming. 

BORST (barst), vt. [pr.p. BORST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BORST'ED.] Remove blood and gristle 
from, as an animal killed for food. [Heb. 
Borstcn, dissect.] 

BORT (bart), n. Debris of diamonds, reduced to 
dust and used for grinding and polishing. [Fr.] 

l>OS (bos), n. Zool. Typical genus of the family 
Bovidce and the sub-family Bovina. Bos 
taurus is the common ox. [L. 60s, bovis, ox 
or cow.] 

BOSA (bo'za), n. Fermented liquor from hemp 
and other seed. [Pers. and Turk, bozdh.] 

BOSCAGE (bos'kaj), n. Brushwood growing 
in a dense leafy mass; thicket. [O. Fr., grove.] 

BOSH (bosh), n. and inter 3. Nonsense; foolish 
talk. [Turk.] 

BOSHBOK, BOSCHBOK (bosh'bok), n. Name 
given to several species of South African ante- 
lope. [Dut. bosch, wood, and boh, goat.] 

BOSK (bosk), BOSKET (bos'ket), n. 1. Small 
grove; thicket. 2. Compartment in a garden, 
formed by branches of trees. [Fr. bosquet, 
small wood.] 

BOSKY (bosk'i), a. Covered with boscage; 
bushy. 

BOSNIA (boz'ni-a), n. Former Turkish territory, 
now part of Austria-Hungary. Area, with 
Herzegovina, 19,702 sq. m. 

BOSOM (boz'um), I. n. 1. Breast. 2. Part of 
the dress covering the breast. 3. Embrace. 
4. Desire. 5. Anything likened to the bosom. 
II. a. (Attributively), intimate, confidential, 
as in bosom friend. [A. S. bosm.] 

BOSOM-BOARD (boz'um-bord), n. Board on 
which the bosom of a shirt or dress is ironed. 

BOSPHORUS (bos'fo-rus), n. Strait connecting 
Sea of Marmora and Black Sea. 

BOSS (bas or bos), n. 
1. Knob or stud. 2. 
Raised ornament. 
3. Thick or pro- 
tuberant part. [Fr. 
bosse, swelling.] 

BOSS (bas or bos), 
vt. [pr.p. BOSS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p 
BOSSED (bast).] 
1. Ornament with 
bosses. 2. Stud 
with knobs. 3. 
Emboss. 

BOSS (bas or bos), 

I. n. 1. Master; employer of labor; overseer. 




2. Political party manager or dictator. II. 
a. Chief; best of the kind. [Dut. baas, 
master.] 

BOSS (bas or bos), v. [pr.p. BOSS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOSSED (bast).] I. vt. Manage; rule 
with authority; be master of. II. vi. 1. Act 
as boss or overseer. 2. Exercise authority 
in a domineering and arbitrary manner. 

BOSSAGE (bos'aj), n. Arch. 1. Stone in build- 
ing left projecting and rough, to be afterwards 
carved. 2. Rustic work, consisting of stones 
which advance beyond the nave or level of 
the building. 

BOSSY (bas'i or bos'i), a. Furnished with a boss 
or bosses; studded. 

BOSSY (bas'i or bos'i), o. Inclined to play the 
boss; domineering. 

BOSTON (bas'tun or bos'tun), n. 1. Chief city 
of Massachusetts. 2. Seaport in England. 

BOT (bot), n. Larva of a bot-fly. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

BOTANIC (bo-tan 'ik), BOTANICAL (bo-tan'ik- 
al), a. Pertaining to botany; containing 
plants. 

BOTANIST (bot'a-nist), n. One skilled in botany. 

BOTANIZE (bot'a-niz), v. [pr.p. BOT'ANIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. BOTANIZED (bot'a-nizd).] I. vt. 
Collect plants of for botanical study. II. vi. 
Study botany. 

BOTANY (bot'a-ni), n. Science which treats 
of plants. [Gr. botane, plant; from bosk 6, 
feed, graze.] 

BOTANY Bay (bot'a-ni ba). Inlet on E. coast 
of Australia. 

BOTCH (boch), vt. [pr.p. BOTCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOTCHED (bocht).] 1. Make a poor job 
of. 2. Mend or patch clumsily. 3. Disfigure 
with botches. [O. H. Ger. botzen, strike, re- 
pair.] 

BOTCH (boch), n. Clumsy patch; ill-finished 
work. 2. Bungling workman. 

BOTCHER (boch'er), n. 1. Mender or repairer. 
2. Unskillful workman. 

BOTCHERY (boch'er-i), n. Clumsy workman- 
ship; botched work. 

BOTCH Y (boch'i), a. 1. Marked with botches. 
2. Clumsily performed. 

BOT-FLY (bot'fli), n. Fly of which the bot is 
the larva. It deposits its eggs in the flesh of 
horses, and the larvae, or bots, cause the 
animals great distress. 

BOTH (both), I. a. and pron. The two; the one 
and the other. II. adv. and conj. As well; 
alike; equally. [A. S. ba the, both the.] 

BOTHER (botft'er), v. [pr.p. BOTH'ERING; p.U 
and p.p. BOTHERED (bofft'erd).] I. vt. Tease; 
perplex; annoy. II. vi. Trouble; concern 
one's self; make ado. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BOTHER (bof^'er), n. 1. Trouble; annoyance; 
vexation. 2. One who or that which bothers. 

BOTHERATION (boffc-er-a'shun), n. State of 
being bothered; annoyance; perplexity; vexa- 
tion. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^, in Scotch Loch. 



BOTHERSOME 



147 



BOUND 




BOTHERSOME (boffe'Sr-sum), a. Perplexing; 
troublesome; vexatious. 

BO-TREE (bo'-tre), n. 
Name given in Ceylon 
to a tree of India 
(Ficus religioso), held 
sacred by the Bud- 
dhists, because under 
it the founder of 
Buddhism is said to 
have become "en- 
lightened." A slip 
of this tree was car- 
ried to Ceylon, where 
it sprouted and be- B °- tree of Ce y lon ' 
came the now famous bo-tree of Ceylon, a 
shrine of the Buddhists. Also called peepul- 
tree, pipal-tree, and pippul-tree. [Singhalese 
bo, enlightenment.] 

BOTRYOID (bot'ri-old), BOTRYOIDAL (bot- 
ri-oid'aD, «• Resembling a bunch of grapes. 
[Gr. botrys, cluster, and suffix -OLD.] 

BOTRYOLITE (bot'ri-o-lit), n. Min. Salt of 
lime, occurring in botryoidal forms. [Gr. 
botrys, cluster, and lithos, stone.] 

BOTT (bot), n. Same as BOT. 

BOTTLE (bot'l), I. n. 1. Vessel with a narrow 
neck and mouth, for holding liquids. 2. Quan- 
tity of liquid a bottle holds. 3. Intoxicating 
liquor, or the habit of drinking it. [Fr. 
bouteille.] 

BOTTLE (bot'l), vt. [pr.p. BOT'TLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOTTLED (bot'ld).] 1. Put into a bottle 
or bottles. 2. Fasten up or confine within 
limits. 

BOTTLED (bot'ld), a. 1. Enclosed in a bottle 
or bottles. 2. Restrained, as if confined in a 
bottle. 

BOTTLE-HOLDER (bot'1-hold-er), n. 1. One 
who holds a bottle, sponge, etc., to refresh a 
pugilist, to whom he is second or supporter. 
2. Any one who seconds another in an enter- 
prise. 3. Metal stand used to keep bottles 
containing aerated waters in an upright po- 
sition. 

BOTTLE-POOL (bot'1-pol), n. Game of pool 
played with three balls and a leather bottle. 

BOTTLER (bot'l-er), n. One who bottles. 

BOTTLING (bot'1-ing), n. Act or business of 
putting liquid, as beer or soda-water, into 
bottles. 

BOTTOM (bot'um), n. 1. Lowest part; that on 
which anything rests or is founded. 2. Low 
land, as in a valley. 3. The keel of a ship; 
hence the vessel itself. 4. Stamina; strength. 
5. Lees. 6. Real support; prime mover. 7. 
Radical significance. 8. Bound or limit. 9. 
[pi.] Mining. Deepest workings. 10. [pi.] 
Metal. Heavy and impure metallic products 
of refining found at the bottom of the furnace 
in some stages of the copper smelting proc- 
esses. [A. S. botm.] 

BOTTOM (bot'um), a. Fundamental; basal. 



BOTTOM (bot'um), v. [pr.p. BOTTOMING; p.t. 
and p.p. BOTTOMED (bot'umd).] I. vt. 1. 
Furnish with a foundation or basis. 2. Found 
or build upon. 3. Provide with a seat or bot- 
tom, as to bottom a chair. 4. Fathom. II. vi. 

1. Have as a bottom. 2. Mech. Impinge, 
as cogs are said to bottom when their tops im- 
pinge upon the periphery of the co-acting 
wheel. 

BOTTOMED (bot'umd), a. Provided with a 
special bottom or foundation; as copper- 
bottomcd. 

BOTTOMLESS (bot'um-Ies), a. Without a bot- 
tom; fathomless. 

BOTTOMRY (bot'um-ri), n. Mortgaging a 
vessel for sums advanced for the use of the 
ship. [From BOTTOM.] 

BOTULIFORM (bot'u-li-farm), a. Shaped like a 
sausage. [L. botulus, sausage, and FORM.] 

BOUDOIR (bo'dwar), n. Lady's private apart- 
ment. [Fr., from bonder, sulk.] 

BOUFFE (bof), n. Farcical comic operetta. [Fr.] 

BOUGH (bow), n. Branch of a tree. [A. S. bOg, 
boh, arm.] 

BOUGHT (bat), v. Past tense and past par- 
ticiple of BUY. 

BOUGIE (bo'ji), n. 1, Wax candle. 2. Surg, 
Instrument for Inserting into a canal of the 
body to remove obstructions. [Fr.] 

BOUILLON (bo'yang or bol'yang), n. Clear 
strained meat-broth. [Fr.] 

BOULDER, BOWLDER (bol'der), n. Large 
rounded stone. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BOULEVARD (bol'e-vard), n. Broad avenue in 
a city, usually smooth-paved, lined with grass 
plats, trees or shrubbery, and used by light 
vehicles only. [Fr., from Ger. bollwerk.] 

BOULOGNE (bo-lon'), n. Important seaport in 
France. 

BOULTER (bol'ter), n. Sea trot-line. 

BOUNCE (bowns), v. [pr.p. BOUN'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. BOUNCED (bownst).] I. vt. 1. Drive, 
beat or push against suddenly. 2. Cause to 
bound. 3. Suddenly eject or throw out. 4. 
Peremptorily dismiss. II. vi. 1. Leap or 
spring suddenly. 2. Rebound. [Dut. bonzen, 
bounce, dismiss.] 

BOUNCE (bowns), w. 1. Sudden leap or spring. 

2. Rebound. 3. Sudden heavy blow; bang. 
4. Dismissal. 5. Sudden and forcible ejection. 

BOUNCER (bown'ser), n. 1. One who or that 
which bounces. 2. Something specially 
large or strong. 3. Monstrous lie; whopper. 
4. Strong person employed to eject objection- 
able people in public resorts. 

BOUNCING (bown'sing), a. 1. That bounces. 
2. Healthy; strong; robust. 3. Swaggering. 

BOUNCINGLY (bown'sing-li), adv. In a boun- 
cing manner. 

BOUND (bownd), n. 1. Limit or boundary. 2. 
Mark indicating a limit. 3. [pi.] District in- 
cluded within defined limits. [L.L. bodina, 
limit.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BOUND 



148 



BOWELS 



BOUND (bownd), vt. [pr.p. BOUND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BOUND'ED.] 1. Set bounds to; restrict; 
restrain. 2. State the boundaries of. 3. 
Form the boundary of; circumscribe. 

BOUND (bownd), v. [pr.p. BOUNDING; p.t. 
and p.p. BOUND'ED.] I. vi. 1. Spring or 
leap. 2. Rebound. II. vt. 1. Cause to 
bound. 2. Cause to rebound. [Fr. bondir, 
spring, leap.] 

BOUND (bownd), n. 1. Spring or leap. 2. 
Rebound. 

BOUND (bownd), a. 1. Obliged. 2. Destined; 
going. 3. Determined. [See BIND.] 

BOUND (bownd), v. Past tense and past par- 
ticiple of BIND. 

BOUNDARY (bownd'a-ri), n. [pi. BOUNDA- 
RIES.] Border line. 

SYN. Border; limit; bounds; confines; 
termination; verge; barrier; precinct. ANT. 
Inclosure; interior; interspace. 

BOUNDEN (bownd'en), a. Obliged; obligatory. 

BOUNDLESS (bownd'les), a. Without bound or 
limit; illimitable. 

BOUNTEOUS (bown'te-us), a. Bountiful; liber- 
al; beneficent; generous. [From BOUNTY.] 

BOUNTEOUSLY (bown'te-us-li), adv. In a 
bounteous manner; liberally. 

BOUNTEOUSNESS (bown'te-us-nes), n. Quality 
of being bountiful. 

BOUNTIFUL (bown'ti-fol), a. 1. Liberal; mu- 
nificent; generous. 2. Showing abundance. 

BOUNTIFULLY (bown'ti-fol-i), adv. In a boun- 
tiful manner. 

BOUNTIFULNESS (bown'ti-fol-nes), n. Quality 
of being bountiful. 

BOUNTY (bown'ti), n. 1. Liberality in bestow- 
ing gifts. 2. Gift. 3. Premium given as an 
inducement to some service or to encourage 
some branch of industry. [Fr. bonte, good- 
ness.] 

SYN. Liberality; generosity; munificence; 
kindness; benignity; benevolence; benefi- 
cence; gift; donation; charity; premium; 
reward. ANT. Illiberality; closeness; nig- 
gardliness; parsimoniousness; stinginess. 

BOUQUET (bo-ka/), n. 1. Bunch of flowers; 
nosegay. 2. Aroma, specially of wine. [Fr.] 

BOUQUETIN (bo'ke-tin), 
n. Ibex of the Alps ( Capra 
Ibex), a species of goat 
which inhabits the high- 
est portions of the Alps. 

Bourbon (bor'bun), n. 1. 

Member of last royal 
family of France. 2. Stub- 
born conservative poli- 
tician. 3. Peculiar brand 
of corn whiskey made in 
Bourbon County, Ken- 
tucky, U. S. 
BOURBONISM (bor'bun-izm), n. 1. Adherence 
to the legitimate royal line, so called from the 
House of Bourbon, a royal French family, 




Bouquetin (Capra 
Ibex). 



that for centuries formed the greatest dynastic 
power in Europe. 2. Stubborn conservatism. 

BOURGEOIS (bor-zhwa'), n. Middle-class citi- 
zen. [Fr., from bourg, town.] 

BOURGEOIS (bur-jois), n. Size of type between 
brevier and long primer. Eight lines to the inch. 

JI^'This line is in Bourgeois type. 

BOURGEOISIE (bor-zhwa-ze'), n. Middle class 
of citizens, especially traders. [Fr.] 

BoURGES (borzh), n. Ancient town in France. 

BOURN, BOURNE (born or born), n. Boundary. 
[Fr. borne, limit.] 

BOURSE (bors), n. Stock exchange. [Fr.] 

BOUT (bowt), n. 1. Turn; loop. 2. Round; 
contest; set-to. 3. One of a series of repeated 
actions; round. [A. S. byht, bend.] 

BOUTONNIERE (bo-ton-nyar), n. Buttonhole- 
bouquet. [Fr.] 

BOVID (bo'vid), a. Zool. Pertaining to rumi- 
nant animals of the genus Bos. 

B0VID.E (bo-vi'de), n.pl. Family of hollow- 
horned ruminating animals, of which the 
genus Bos is typical. [See BOS.] 

BOVINE (bo'vin or bo'vin), a. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to the Bovidce, especially the genus Bos; 
relating to oxen, cows, etc. 2. Cow-like. [L. 
L. bovinus; from L. 60s, bovis, ox.] 

BOVINE (bo'vin or bo'vin), n. One of the 
Bovidce; ox or cow. 

BOW (bow), v. [pr.p. BOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOWED (bowd).] I. vt. 1. Depress or bend 
down. 2. Incline (the head or body) in token 
of respect or reverence. 3. Express by incli- 
ning the head, as assent. 4. Attend with bows, 
as to bow one out. 5. Subdue; crush; oppress. 
II. vi. 1. Bend the body in saluting. 2. Yield; 
obey. [A. S. bugan, bend.] 

BOW (bow), n. Forward inclination of the head 
or body, in respect, recognition, reverence, etc. 

BOW (bow), n. Naut. 1. Forward part of a ves- 
sel; usually in the plural bows, meaning the 
two sides of the forward part of the ship, as 
the starboard and port (larboard) bows. 2. 
Oarsman who pulls the oar nearest the bow. 
[Ice. bogr.] 

BOW (bo), n. 1. Bent piece of wood, with the 
ends connected by a string, used for shooting 
arrows. 2. Anything of a bent or curved 
shape, as a rainbow, violin bow. 3. Looped 
knot of ribbon, etc. [A. S. boga, bowl.] 

BOW (bo), v. [pr.p. BOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOWED (bod).] I. vt. Curve or bend like a 
bow. II. vi. Use the bow in playing a violin. 

BOWEL (bow'el), n. 1. Intestine; in the plural, 
intestines of an animal, especially man. 2. 
[pi.] Interior parts of anything. 3. Formerly, 
seat of pity or compassion; hence, pity; ten- 
derness; compassion. [O. Fr. boel, intestine.] 

BOWEL (bow'el), vt. [pr.p. BOW'ELING; p.t. 
and p.p. BOWELED (bow'eld).] Disembowel; 
eviscerate. 

BOWELS (bow'elz), n.pl. Intestines. [See 
BOWEL, n.1 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in 'Scotch gucie; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BOWER 



149 



BOXBERRY 



BOWER (bow'er), n. 1. Shelter made of boughs 
of trees, vines, etc.; arbor. 2. Sheltered re- 
treat; rustic cottage. 3. Formerly, a lady's 
boudoir. [A. S. bur, chamber, dwelling.] 

BOWER (bower), vt. [pr.p. BOW'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. BOWERED (bow'erd).] Shelter with 
boughs; embower. (Poetic.) 

BOWER (bow'er), n. Naut. Anchor cast from 
the bow of a vessel. 

BOWER (bow'er), n. In the game of euchre, 
either of the two knaves of the trump color. 
— Right bower, knave of the trump suit, and 
highest card in the game. — Left bower, knave 
of the other suit of the same color, and next 
highest in value. [Ger. bauer, peasant.] 

BOWERY (bow'er-i), a. 1. Containing bowers. 
2. Shady, like a bower. 

BOW-HAND (bo'hand), n. 1. Archery. Hand 
that holds the bow; left hand. 2. Music. 
Hand that draws the bow when playing the 
violin; right hand. 

BOWIE-KNIFE (bo'e-nif), n. Heavy sheath 
knife, with long blade. [Named after the in- 
ventor, Colonel Bowie, who died in 1836.] 

BOW-INSTRUMENT (bo'in-stro-ment), n. Any 
musical instrument whose tones are sounded 
by the application of a bow. 

BOW-KNOT (bo'not), n. Knot with a loop in 
the form of a bow, and which can be untied 
by pulling an end. 

BOWL (bol), n. 1. Large cup or cup-like vessel 
for holding liquids. 2. The hollow part of 
anything. [A. S. bolla.] 

BOWL (bol), n. Large wooden ball used in the 
game of tenpins or bowls. [Fr. boule.] 

BOWL (bol), v. [pr.p. BOWLING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOWLED (bold).] I. vt. 1. Roll, as a bowl or 
ball. 2. Strike with anything rolled. 3. Crick- 
et. Deliver (the ball) at the striker's wicket. 
4. Trundle along on rollers or wheels. II. vi. 
1. Play at tenpins or bowling. 2. Roll a 
bowl. 3. Roll smoothly and swiftly along. 
4. Cricket. Deliver the ball. — Bowl out, in 
cricket, put out the striker by bowling down 
his wicket. 

BOWLDER (bol'der), n. Same as BOULDER. 

BOWLER (bol'er), n. 1. One who plays at 
bowls. 2. One who delivers the ball in cricket. 

BOWLINE (bo'lin), n. Naut. Rope fastened to 
the middle part of the outside of a sail, and 
designed to make the sail stand sharp or close 
to the wind. [BOW and LINE.] 

BOWLING (bol'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of 
playing tenpins or bowls. 2. Cricket, Act of 
delivering a ball. 

BOWLING-ALLEY (bol'ing-al-i), n. Covered 
space with a smooth, planked floor for play- 
ing bowls or tenpins. 

BOWLING-GREEN (bol'ing-gren), n. Level 
lawn used as a place for playing bowls. 

BOWLS (bolz), n.pl. 1. Game played in Eng- 
land with bowls on a smooth, level piece of 
greensward. 2. Game played in the U. S. 



with bowls or wooden balls in bowling-alleys; 
tenpins. [See BOWL, wooden ball.] 

BOWMAN (bo'man), n. [pi. BOWMEN.] Man 
who shoots with a bow; archer. 

BOW-NET (bo'net), n. Kind of wicker basket 
used for catching lobsters. 

BOW-OAR (bow'or), n. 1. Oar nearest the bow 
of a boat. 2. Man who handles this oar. 

BOW-PIN (bo'pin), n. Pin for holding in place 
the bow of an ox-yoke. 

BOW-SAW (bo'sa), n. Flexible saw, kept taut 
by a straining frame, used for cutting curves. 

BOWSHOT (bo'shot), n. Distance to which an 
arrow may be shot from a bow. 

BOWSPRIT (bo'sprit), n. Large boom or spar, 
which projects forward from the stem of a 
ship to carry sail and to sustain jibboom. 

BOWSTRING (bo'string), n. 1. String of a bow. 
2. In Turkey, a cord used for strangling 
offenders; hence, strangulation. 

BOWSTRING (bo'string), vt. [pr.p. BOW'- 
STRINGING; p.t. and p.p. BOW'STRINGED 
or BOW'STRUNG.] 1. Furnish with a bow- 
string. 2r. Strangle with a bowstring. 

BOW-WINDOW (bo'win-do), n. Rounded bay- 
window. 

BOW-WOOD (bo'wod), n. Wood of the Osage 
orange, used by the Indians for bows. 

BOW-WOW (bow'wow), n. 1. Sound emitted 
by a dog in barking. 2. Expressive but ludi- 
crous appellation for the dog itself. 

BOX (boks), I. n. 1. Case; chest; receptacle. 
2. Contents of the case. 3. Space shut off for 
private use, as in a theater. 4. Driver's seat 
in a vehicle. 5. Mach. Journal-bearing, iron 
bushing for a nave or hub. 6. Small house for 
temporary use, as a shooting-ftoa? or hunting- 
box. 7. In mitering, a trough for cutting 
miters. 8. Hollow tube in a pump, closed 
with a valve. [A. S. box.] 

BOX (boks), vt. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOXED (bokst).] 1. Inclose in a box. 2. 
Inclose, confine, or keep in anything box- 
like. 3. Furnish with a box or bushing. 

BOX (boks), n. 1. Blow with the open hand on 
the ear or cheek. 2. Blow with the fist. [Dan. 
bask, blow.] 

BOX (boks), v. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOXED (bokst).] I. vt. 1. Slap or cuff. 2. 
Strike with the fist. II. vi. Spar; engage in 
a pugilistic encounter, especially with boxing- 
gloves on. 

BOX (boks), n. Bot. 1. Tree or shrub of the ge- 
nus Buxus. 2. Boxwood. [A. S. box; from L. 
buxus, box-tree.] 

BOX (boks), vt. [pr.p. BOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOXED (bokst).] Naut. 1. Sail round. 2. Box- 
haul. — Box the compass, name all the points 
of the compass in their proper order. [A. S. 
box.] 

BOXBERRY (boks'ber-i), n. [pi. BOX'BERRIES.] 
Bot. Wintergreen or checkerberry, the Gaul- 
thcria procumbens, or its red berry. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me. met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bu.ru, 
u=£* iu' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. 



BOX-COAT 



150 



BRACHYGRAPHY 



BOX-COAT (boks'kot), n. 1. Heavy overcoat 
worn by drivers and coachmen. 2. Short 
overcoat reaching half way between the waist 
and knees. 

BOX-ELDER (boks'el-der), n. Bot. Ash- 
leaved maple, the Acer Negundo, of North 
America. 

BOXER (boks'er), n. 1. Member of a Chinese 
secret society which aims ostensibly at the 
expulsion of foreigners from China. 2. [b-] 
One who boxes, in any sense of the word. 

BOXHAUL (boks'hal), vt. [pr.p. BOX'HAULING; 
p.t. and p.p. BOXHAULED (boks'hald).] Naut. 
Bring (a ship), when close-hauled, round upon 
the other tack, when she refuses to tack, and 
there is no room to wear. This is effected by 
bracing the yards aback. 

BOXING (boks'ing), n. Act or practice of 
sparring, especially with gloved fists; pugil- 
ism. 

BOXING (boks'ing), n. 1. Act of inclosing in a 
box. 2. Material for making boxes. 3. Casing 
into which window-shutters fold back. 

BOX-OFFICE (boks-of'is), n. Office where 
tickets to boxes at a theater or other place 
of amusement are sold; ticket office. 

BOX-PLAIT (boks'plat), n. 
Plait formed by folding a 
double plait — that is, two 
plaits reverse ways. 

BOXWOOD (boks'wod), ». 
Wood of the box-tree. 

BOY (boi), n. [fern. GIRL.] 
1. Male child; lad. 2. 
Page; young servant. 3. 
[pi.] Companions; com- 
rades; used in affection- 
ate familiarity, as a gen- 
eral towards his soldiers. 
[East Fries, boi, boy, boy.] 

BOYCOTT (boi'kot), vt. [pr.p. 
p.t. and p.p. BOYCOTTED.] 




Box- plait. 



BOYCOTTING; 

Combine in re- 
fusing to work for, sell to, buy from, or have 
any commercial dealings with. [From Cap- 
tain Boycott, the first victim of it in Ireland, in 
1880.] 

BOYCOTT (boi'kot), n. Combining of persons 
to have no commercial dealings with a person, 
firm or corporation. 

BOYHOOD (boi'hod), n. State of being a boy; 
time of life at which one is appropriately 
called a boy. 

BOYISH (boi'ish), a. 1. Characteristic of a boy 
or of boyhood. 2. Puerile; trifling. 

BOYISHLY (boi'ish-li), adv. In a boyish manner. 

BOYISHNESS (boi'ish-nes), n. State of being 
boyish. 

BOY'S-PLAY (boiz'pla), n. 1. Something that 
can easily be accomplished; trifling task or 
amusement. 2. Amusement worthy of a boy 
only. 

BRABBLE (brab'l), I. vi. [pr.p. BRABBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRABBLED (brab'ld).] Quarrel; 



8. Arch. 



wrangle. II. n. Brawl; quarrel; wrangle. 
[Dut. brabblen, confound, stutter.] 

BRACCATE (brak'at), a. Zool. Having the feet 
concealed by long feathers descending from 
the tibiae. [L. bracce, breeches.] 

BRACE (bras), vt. [pr.p. BRA'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRACED (brast).] 
1. Tighten. 2. Strengthen. 
3. Furnish with braces. 4. 
Put into position for resisting. 

BRACE (bras), n. 1. Support; 
prop; suspender. 2. That which 
holds together; clasp. 3. Print. 
3Iark (-*■*—-), usually upright, con- 
necting two or more words or 
lines. 4. Pair; couple. 5. 
Tension; tightness. 6. Re- 
volving tool-holder for augers, 
drills, bits, etc. 7. Device for 
producing tension, as of a drum. 
Piece of timber, framed with bevel joints to 
keep the structure from swerving. 9. Naut. 
Rope reeved through a block at the end of 
a yard. 10. Mining. Mouth of a shaft. 11. 
One of the stays of a printing press which 
serves to keep it steady in its position. 12. 
Carp. One of the timbers of a roof which 
serve to "strut" or prop the "backs" or prin- 
cipal rafters into which the upper ends are 
framed. [O. Fr. brace, the two arms ex- 
tended.] 

BRACELET (bras'let), n. 
1. Ornament clasping the 
wrist. 2. Piece of de- 
fensive armor for the 
arm. 3. Handcuff. (Col- 
loq.) 

BRACER (bra'ser), n. 1. 
That which braces, binds, 
or supports. 2. Strength- 
ening medicine; tonic; ^, , , 
dram. 3. Defensive ar- 01d Aa8 ^J* BraCe " 
mor for the arm. 

BRACHIAL (brak'i-al), a. 1. Belonging to the 
arm. 2. Resembling an arm. [L. brach- 
ialis; from brachium, arm.] 

BRACHIATE (brak'i-at), a. Bot. With op- 
posite branches in pairs and decussate. [L. 
brachiatus, with arm-like branches; from 
brachium, arm.] 

BRACHIOPOD (brak'i-o-pod), n. Animal of 
the class Brachiopoda. 

BrACHIOPODA (brak-i-op'o-da), n.pl. Zool. 
Class of acephalous bivalve mollusks having 
two fleshy arms at the sides of the mouth. [Gr. 
brachion, arm, and pous, podos, foot.] 

BRACHIUM (brak'i-um), n. [pi. BRACHIA 
(brak'i-a).] Anat. 1. Arm from the shoulder 
to the elbow; upper arm. 2. Biol. Arm-like 
appendage or process. [L.] 

BRACHYGRAPHY (bra-kig'ra-fl), n. Short- 
hand; stenography. [Gr. brachys, short, and 
graphe, writing.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 



BRACING 



151 



BRAINSICK 



BRACING (bra'sing), I. a. Imparting tone or 
strength. II. n. 1. Act of bracing or state of 
being braced. 2. Engin. Any system of 
braces; as the bracing of a truss. 

BRACKEN (brak'n), n. Name uniformly given 
in Scotland to the common fern, elsewhere 
known as brake, the Pteris aquilina. [Ice. 
brakne, fern.] 

BRACKET (brak'et), w. 1. Any projection, 
plain or ornamental, suspended against, or 
fastened to a wall or other vertical surface, for 
the support of anything, as a clock, lamp, 
statue, etc. 2. Angular stay to support a 
shelf, mirror, etc. 3. Arch. Console; corbel. 
4. Support placed beneath the eaves, or the 
projection at the gable of a building. 5. Naut. 
Timber knee in a ship's frame supporting the 
stern-gallery. 6. [pi.] Print. Marks [ ] used 
to inclose a word or words. [O. Fr. braquet.] 

BRACKET (brak'et), vt. [pr.p. BRACK'ETING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRACK'ETED.] 1. Support by 
brackets; furnish with a bracket or brackets. 
2. Print. Inclose within brackets; couple 
together with a brace. 

BRACKETING (brak'et-ing), n. Arch. Skeleton 
support for moldings. 

BRACKET-LIGHT (brak'et-lit), n. Gas or elec- 
tric-light that projects from a side-wall. 

BRACKISH (brak'ish), a. Slightly salt. [Dut. 
brak, brackish.] 

BRACT (brakt), n. Bot. Modified leaf growing 
upon the flower-stalk. [L. bractea, thin leaf 
of metal.] 

BRACTEOLATE (brak'te-o-lat), a. Bot. Hav- 
ing bracteoles. 

BRACTEOLE (brak'te-61), n. Bot. Little bract. 
[L. bracteola, dim. < bractea. See BRACT.] 

BRAD (brad), n. 1. Thin nail, having in lieu of 
a head, a slight projection on one side of the 
top. 3. Thin, headless tack, used by glaziers. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

BRAD-AWL (brad'al), n. Small awl with a chisel 
edge, used to make holes for brads. 

BRAE (bra), n. Upland; hill; hillside; river- 
bank. [Scotch, from Gael, braigh, summit.] 

BRAG (brag), v. [pr.p. BRAGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRAGGED (bragd).] I. vt. Praise excessively 
or ostentatiously. II. vi. Make ostentatious 
pretenses; boast; speak vaingloriously; swag- 
ger. [O. Fr. braguer, brag.] 

BRAG (brag), n. 1. Ostentatious pretense; 
boast. 2. Thing or matter boasted of. 3. 
One who boasts. 4. Game of cards, similar 
to poker. 

BRAGGADOCIO (brag-a-do'shi-6), n. 1. Boast- 
er. 2. Empty boasting. [Braggadocio, a 
boaster in Spenser's "Faerie Queene."] 

BRAGGART (brag'art), I. n. Vain boaster. II. 
a. Boastful. [O. Fr. bragard.] 

BRAGGER (brag'er), w. One who brags; brag- 
gart. 

BRAHMA (bra/ma), n. Hind. Myth, Deity 
viewed as Creator, and who since his work 



as such was finished, is regarded as living 
in sublime solitary retirement. [Sans.] 

BRAHMAN (bra'man), BRAHMIN (brii'min), n. 
Member of the first, or highest of the four 
Hindu castes; one of the learned or sacerdotal 
class in India. 

BrAHMANIC (bra-man'ik), BrAHMINIC (bra- 
min'ik), a. Pertaining or relating to the 
Brahmans or Brahmanism. 

BRAHMANISM (bra'man-izm), BrAHMINISM 
(bra'min-izm), n. Religious system of the 
Brahmans. 

BRAID (brad), I. vt. [pr.p. BRAID'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. BRAID'ED.] 1. Plait. 2. Sew on 
braid. II. n. Plaited hair or band. [A. S. 
bredan, weave.] 

BRAIDER (brad'er), n. One who or that which 
braids; specifically, a sewing machine attach- 
ment for use in sewing a braid on cloth. 

BRAIDING (brad'ing), n. 1. Act of making 
braids. 2. Braids taken collectively. 

BRAIL (bral), n. 1. Naut. Small rope to furl 
a ship's sail. 2. Falconry. Leather to bind 
up a hawk's wing. [O. Fr., trouser-band.] 

BRAIL (bral), vt. [pr.p. BRAIL ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRAILED (braid).] 1. Naut. Haul up by 
brails. 2. Falconry. Fasten up (the wing of 
a hawk) with a brail. 

BRAILLE (bral), n. I. The point system of 
printing for the blind, by which raised points, 
embossed in the paper, in different forms, 
represent the letters and numerals. 2. The 
symbols representing the letters and numerals. 

BRAIN (bran), n, 
(Often in the plu- 
ral). 1. Mass of 
grayish-white mat- 
ter contained in the 
head. 2. Intellect; 
mind. [A. S. bregen.] 

BRAIN ( bran), vt. 
[pr.p. BRAIN'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRAINED (brand) .] 
1. Dash out the 
brains of. 2. Con- 
ceive in the brain; 
understand. 

BRAINED (brand), a. Brain and upper part of gp ._ 
1. Possessed of nal cord.— Sectional view: 1. 
brains. 2. Having Spinal cord. 2. One of the 
brains dashed out cervical vertebrae. 3. One 

„ J ?I ™ „ . JJ ,i - , of the neural s P ines - 4 - Li «le 

BRAIN-FAG (bran'- brain or cerebellum. 5. Brain. 

fag), [n. Nervous 

prostration ; neurasthenia. 
BRAIN-FEVER (bran'fe-ver), n. Inflammation 

of the brain. 
BRAINLESS (bran'les), a. Without brains; 

silly; inane. 
BRAINPAN (bran'pan), n. Part of the skull 

which encases the brain; cranium. 
BRAINSICK (bran'sik), a. Of diseased brain or 

mind; flighty; deranged. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



BRAINY 



152 



BRANDISH 



BRAINY (bran'i), a. Having a well-developed 
brain; intellectual; of great mental ability. 
(Colloq.) 

BRAISE (braz), I. vt. [pr.p. BRAISING; p.t. 
and p.p. BRAISED (brazd).] Cook (meat) 
by stewing in a closed pan with vegetables and 
rich gravy, and slow baking afterward. II. n. 
Meat so cooked. [Fr. braiser. See BRAZIER.] 

BRAKE (brak), n. 1. Variety of fern. 2. Thicket 
of ferns or other plants. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BRAKE (brak), I. n. 1. Contrivance for retard- 
ing or stopping the motion of wheels, etc., as 
an air brake or an electro-magnetic brake on 
a railroad car. 2. Instrument for breaking 
flax. 3. Wagon used in breaking-in horses. 

4. Forepart of carriage, by which it turns. 

5. Handle of a pump. 6. Bakers' kneading- 
machine. 7. Sharp bit or snaffle. 8. Heavy 
harrow. 9. Frame for holding a horse's foot 
while being shod. [From root of BREAK.] 




Electro-Magnetic Brake. 

BRAKE (brak), v. [pr.p. BRA'KING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRAKED (brakt).] I. vt. 1. Retard by 
means of a brake or brakes. 2. Bruise or 
break, as flax. 3. Operate upon by means of 
a brake of any kind. II. vi. Act or be em- 
ployed as a brakeman. 

BRAKE (brak), n. Place overgrown with 
shrubs, canes, brambles, etc.; thicket. [But. 
brak, fallow.] 

BRAKEMAN (brak'man), n. [pi. BRAKE'MEN.] 
Man who has charge of a 
brake or brakes, as on a rail- 
way train, in a mine, etc. 

BRAKY (bra'ki), a. Overgrown 
with brushwood; rough; 
thorny. 

BRAMBLE (bram'bl), n. 1. 
European blackberry bush. 2. 
Any rough prickly vine. [A. 
S. bremel, thorn.] 

BRAMBLING (bram'bling), n. 
Zool. Bird, the mountain 
finch (Fringilla montifrin- 
gilla) . 

BRAMBLY (bram'bli), a. Over- 
grown with brambles; full 
of brambles. 

BRA3IIN (bra'min), w. Same as JB RAHMAN. 




Bramble (Rubus 

fruticosus) . 



BRAN (bran), n. Husks of wheat, rye, etc. 
[Celt, bran, husk.] 

BRANCH (branch), n. 1. Bot. Shoot of a 
tree, shrub or other plant, especially one 
from a limb or main stem, and which 
usually again divides into branchlets and 
twigs. 2. Any offshoot, or any member, 
part, or subdivision of a body or system. 

3. River or brook tributary to a larger stream. 

4. Any part of a family descending in a 
collateral Jine. 5. Anat. Vein, artery, or 
anything similar joining another larger than 
itself. 6. Naut. Pilot bearing a commis- 
sion of the highest grade. [Fr. branche; from 
L. brachium, arm.] 

SYN. Bough; limb; shoot; twig; spray; 
offshoot; ramification; arm; section; de- 
partment; subdivision; part; portion; 
member; class. ANT. Trunk; stock; 
system; body. 
BRANCH (branch), v. [pr.p. BRANCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRANCHED (brancht).] I. vt. 

I. Divide into branches, or subordinate 
divisions. 2. Adorn with representations 
of branches, or of flowers, leaves and sprigs. 

II. vi. 1. Shoot out in branches. 2. Separate 
into subdivisions. 

BRANCHERY (branch'er-i), n. Bot. Vascular 

system of fruits. 
BRANCHIA (brang'ki-a), n. [pi. BRANOHL3E 

(brang'ki-e).] Gill, or gill-like appendage. 

Used mostly in the plural. [L.] 
BRANCHIAL (brang'ki-al), BRANCHIATE 

(brang'ki-at), a. 1. Belonging or relating to 

the branchiae or gills. 2. Having gills. 
BRANCHING (branching), I. a. Supplied with 

branches; throwing out branches. II. n. 

Act of forming into branches. 
BRANCHIOPOD (brang'ki-o-pod), n. Zool. 

Crustacean having branchiae or gills attached 

to the feet. [BRANCHIA and -POD.] 
BRANCHLET (branch'let), n. Little branch; 

twig. 
BRANCHY (branch'i), a. Full of branches; 

spreading. 
BRAND (brand), n. 1. Piece of wood burning 

or partly burning. 2. Mark made by burning. 

3. Trade-mark. 4. Quality; kind; make. 5. 

Stigma. 6. Sword. 7. Branding-iron. 8. Bot. 

Disease in plants, commonly called blight. 

[A. S. brand, brond, a burning, sword.] 
BRAND (brand), vt. [pr.p. BRANDING; p.t. and 

p.p. BRANDED.] 1. Mark with or as with a 

branding iron. 2. Stigmatize. 
BRANDENBURG (bran'den-borkh), n. Province 

and town in Prussia. 
BRAND-GOOSE (brand'gos), n. Brant; also 

called brent-goose. 
BRANDIED (bran'did), a. Mixed or flavored 

with brandy; preserved in brandy. 
BRANDISH (brandish), v. [pr.p. BRANDISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BRANDISHED (bran'disht).] 

I. vt. Wave or flourish, as a sword. II. vi. 



fate fat task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" iX-u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BRAND-NEW 



153 



BRAZIL-NUT 




Brant. 



Be flourished about or waved. [Fr. brandir, 
brandiss; from O. Fr. brand, sword.] 

BRAND-NEW (brand'nu), a. Perfectly new. 
(Vulgarly corrupted into bran-new.) 

BRANDY (bran'di), n. Spirit distilled from 
grapes or other fruit. [Formerly brandywine; 
from Dut. brandewijn; from branden, burn, 
distil, and wijn, wine.] 

BRANNY (bran'i), a. Containing or resembling 
bran. 

BRANT (brant), 
BRENT (brent), 
n. Zool. Species 
of small goose 
the B r a n t a 
bernicla, of the 
Atlantic coast of 
N. America. Also 
called brand-goose and brent-goose. [Properly 
from BRAND, in the compound BRAND- 
GOOSE.] 

BRASH (brash), n. 1. Geol. Angular fragments 
of stone, derived from a subjacent rock. 2. 
Fragmentary mass of any kind; rubble. 3. 
Pathol. Eruption on the skin; rash. [Fr. 
breche.] 

BRASH (brash), a. Hasty in temper; impet- 
uous; irascible. [Dut. barsch, impetuous.] 

BRASH (brash), a. Brittle; fragile; frail. 
[Celt, bresk, brush, fragile.] 

BRASIER (bra'zher), n. Worker in brass. 
[From BRASS.] 

BRASS (bras), n. 1. Alloy of copper and zinc. 
2. Effrontery; impudence. — Brass band, band 
of musicians performing upon brass instru- 
ments, [A. S. braes.] 

BRASSINESS (bras'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
brassy. 

BRASSY (bras'i), a. 1. Made of or covered with 
brass. 2. Resembling brass. 3. Brazen- 
faced; impudent. 4. Cheap; debased. 

BRAT (brat), n. 1. Child's bib. 2. Child. 
[Gael, brat, apron, rag.] 

BRAVADO (bra-va'do), n. [pi. BRAVADOS or 
BRAVADOES.] 1. Arrogant menace; swag- 
ger. 2. Swaggerer. [Sp.] 

BRAVE (brav), a. [Comp. BRA'VER; superl. 
BRAVEST.] 1. Courageous; intrepid; high- 
spirited; fearless. 2. Gallant; noble. 3. 
Excellent; fine. 4. Showy; grand. [Fr., 
from It. bravo, brave.] 

SYN. Daring; dauntless; doughty; val- 
iant; courageous; bold; gallant; chivalrous. 
ANT. Cowardly; timid. 

BRAVE (brav), n. Daring man; Indian 
warrior. 
I BRAVE (brav), vt. [pr.p. BRAVING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRAVED (bravd).] 1. Meet or face with 
courage and fortitude; defy; dare. 2. Present 
a boastful show of. 

BRAVELY (brav'li), adv. Courageously; he- 
roically; gallantly; finely. 

BRAVERY (bra'ver-i), n. [pi. BRA'VERIES.] 



1. State or quality of being brave. 2. Act of 
braving. 

BRAVO (bra'vo or bra'vo), n. [pi. BRA'VOS or 
BRA'VOES.] 1. Daring villain; hired as- 
sassin; brigand. 2. Exclamation of applause, 
signifying bravely or well done. 

BRAVO (bra'vo), interj. Well done. [It.] 

BRAVURA (bra-vii'ra), n. Music. 1. Passage 
of considerable spirit. 2. Dashing style of 
performance. [It., bravery, spirit.] 

BRAWL (bral), vi. [pr.p. BRAWLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRAWLED (braid).] Quarrel noisily. 
[Etym. doubtful. Allied to BRAG.] 

BRAWL (bral), n. Noisy quarrel; row. 

BRAWLER (bral'er), n. One who brawls. 

BRAWN (bran), n. 1. Muscle; thick flesh, es- 
pecially boar's flesh. 2. Muscular strength. 
[From root of Ger. braten, roast.] 

BRAWNY (bran'i), a. Muscular; hardy; strong. 

BRAXY (braks'i), n. Inflammatory disease of 
sheep. [BRASH.] 

BRAY (bra), vt. [pr.p. BRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRAYED (brad).] Pound or grind small; 
pulverize by pounding or rubbing. [From root 
Of BREAK.] 

BRAY (bra), v. [pr.p. BRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRAYED (brad).] I. vt. Utter with a harsh 
or grating sound. II. vi. Make a harsh, dis- 
sonant sound, like the bray of a donkey. [O. 
Fr. braire, bray.] 

BRAY (bra), n. Cry of a donkey; any similar 
harsh dissonant sound. 

BRAYING (bra'ing), n. Loud but senseless clam- 
or. 

BRAZE (braz), vt. [pr.p. BRA'ZING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRAZED (brazd).] 1. Cover or orna- 
ment with brass. 2. Solder with an alloy of 
brass and zinc. [A. S. brass, brass.] 

BRAZEN (bra'zn), a. 1. Made of or like brass. 
2. Impudent; shameless. [A. S. brcesen.] 

BRAZEN (bra'zn), vt. [pr.p. BRA'ZENING; p.t. 
and p.p. BRAZENED (bra'znd).] Carry 
through with effrontery or impudence. 

BRAZEN-FACE (bra'zn-fas), n. One who acts 
with effrontery; shameless person. 

BRAZEN-FACED (bra'zn-fast), a. Bold to ex- 
cess; impudent: shameless. 

BRAZENLY (bra'zn-li), adv. In a bold shameless 
manner. 

BRAZENNESS (bra'zn-nes), 
n. Quality of being brazen. 

BRAZIER(bra'zher),n. Open 
pan for burning charcoal. 
[From Fr. braise, liye coal.] 

Brazil (bra-zii), United 

STATES OF. Republic in 
S.America. Area 3,292,000 
sq. m. 

Brazilian (bra-zii'yan), n. 

Native of Brazil, in South 
America. 

Brazil-nut (bra-zii'nut), 




Pedro II., Emperor 
of Brazil. Born 1825 
— died 1891. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BREACH 



154 



BREASTPIN 



n. Nut of a triangular shape, having a 
hard wrinkled shell, and a delicious creamy- 
white kernel, which soon becomes rancid. 
It is the seed of the tree Bertholetia excelsa, of 
Brazil. 
BREACH (brech), n. 1. Break or opening. 2. 
Breaking, as of a law, contract, etc. 3. Quar- 
rel. 4. Injury; fracture; rupture. [A. S. 
brece, a breaking.] 

SYN. Cleft; rift; rent; chasm; aperture; 
split; infraction; violation; infringement; 
dispute; quarrel; contention; difference; 
separation; misunderstanding. ANT. In- 
tegrity; healing; reconciliation. 
BREACH (brech), vt. [pr.p. BREACHING; p.t. 
and p.p. BREACHED (brecht).] Make a breach 
or opening in, as a wall. 
BREACHY (brech'i), a. 1. Full of breaches. 
2. Apt to make breaches, as cattle in fences. 
BREAD (bred), n. 1. Food made of flour or 
meal baked. 2. Food in general. 3. Liveli- 
hood. 
BREAD (bred), vt. [pr.p. BREADING; p.t. and 
p.p. BREADED.] Cookery. Cover with grated 
dry bread, or with bread-crumbs. 
BREAD-CRUMB (bred'krum), n. One of the 

small pieces formed by crumbling bread. 
BREAD-FRUIT (bred'- 
frot), n. Fruit of a 
tree of the South Sea 
Islands, which when 
roasted is said to re- 
semble bread. 
BREADSTUFF (bred'- 
stuf), n. Cereals or 
flour that can be con- 
verted into bread. 
BREADTH (bredth), n. 
1. Extent from side to 
side; width. 2. Piece 

of fabric of its regular width. 3. Liberality, 
in views and opinions. [From A. S. root of 
BROAD.] 
BREADTHWISE (bredth'wiz), adv. 

direction of the breadth. 
BREAD-WINNER (bred'win-er), «. 

of a family whose earnings support it. 
BREAK (brak), v. [pr.p. BREAKING; p.t. 
BROKE (brok); p.p. BROKEN (bro'kn).] I. vt. 
1. Part by force; rupture. 2. Tame; subdue. 
3. Weaken; impair. 4. Make bankrupt. 5. 
Act contrary to; violate. 6. Interrupt. 7. 
Make a first disclosure of. II. vi. 1. Go to 
pieces; burst. 2. Start suddenly; burst forth; 
appear. 3. Change suddenly. 4. Decline. 5. 
Discontinue friendly relations. 6. Fail finan- 
cially; become insolvent or bankrupt. 7. 
Lose health or strength. 8. Lessen the force 
of. [A. S. brecan.] 

SYN. Split; rend; sever; crash; crack; 
fracture; shatter; smash; batter; violate; 
infringe; transgress; demolish; destroy; 
tame; subdue; impair; weaken; enervate; 




Bread-fruit. 



In the 



Member 



bankrupt. ANT. Mend; observe; restore; 
repair; reconstruct; recuperate. 

BREAK (brak), n. 1. Act of breaking. 2. Open- 
ing; breach. 3. Start; change. 4. Interrup- 
tion. 5. Kind of heavy carriage. 5. JElec. 
Any lack of conducting continuity in a circuit. 

BREAKABLE (brak'a-bl), a. Susceptible of 
being broken; frangible. 

BREAKAGE (brak'aj), n. 1. Act of breaking. 
2. State of being broken. 3. Damage done to 
goods by being broken. 4. Allowance for ar- 
ticles broken during transportation or use. 

BREAKDOWN (brak'down), n. 1. Collapse. 
2. Noisy shuffling dance. 

BREAKER (brak'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which breaks. 2. Wave that breaks on rocks 
or the shore — usually in the plural. 

BREAKFAST (brek'fast), n. First meal of the 
day. [BREAK and FAST.] 

BREAKFAST (brek'fast), v. [pr.p. BREAK- 
FASTING; p.t. and p.p. BREAKFASTED.] I. 
vt. Furnish with breakfast. II. vi. Take 
breakfast. 

BREAKING (brak'ing), n. 1. Act of fracturing. 
2. Act of coming forth suddenly. — Break- 
ing in. 1. Act of bursting suddenly in upon. 
2. Act or process of taming. — Breaking out, 
eruption. 

BREAKMAN (brak'man), n. [pi. BREAK'MEN.J 
Same as BRAKEMAN. 

BREAKNECK (brak'nek), I. a. Likely to cause 
a broken neck; reckless. II. n. 1. Fall in 
which the neck is broken. 2. Steep place en- 
dangering the neck. 

BREAKUP (brak'up), n. Termination; disper- 
sion. 

BREAKWATER (brak'wa-ter), n. Barrier at 
the entrance of a harbor to break the force 
of the waves. 

BREAM (brem), n. European fresh- water fish 
of the carp family. [Fr. breme.] 

BREAM (brem), vt. [pr.p. BREAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. BREAMED (bremd).] Naut. Burn off 
(the seaweed, ooze, etc.), from a ship's bottom. 
[BROOM.] 

BREAST (brest), n. 1. Front of the body between 
the neck and the abdomen. 2. Bosom. 3. Seat 
of the emotions. 4. Front or forepart of any- 
thing. [A. S. breost.] 

BREAST (brest), vt. [pr.p. BREASTING; p.t. 
and p.p. BREAST'ED.] 1. Bear the breast 
against; oppose manfully; buffet; stem. 2. 
Cover or protect with the breast; brood. 

BREASTBONE (brest'bon), n. Flat bone of the 
breast; sternum. 

BREASTFAST (brest'fast), n. Naut. Large rope 
to confine a ship sidewise to a wharf or quay, 
or to another ship. 

BREASTHOOK (brest'hok), n. Naut. Thick 

piece of timber, shaped like a knee, placed 

across the stem of a vessel to strengthen the 

forepart. 

BREASTPIN (brest'pin), n. Scarf-pin; brooch. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn. 



BREASTPLATE 



155 



BRETON 



BREASTPLATE (brest'plat), n. Plate or piece 
of armor for the breast. 

BREAST-PLOW (brest'plow), n. Kind of small 
plow propelled by the hands, used to cut or pare 
turf. 

BREAST WHEEL (brest'hwel), n. Waterwheel 
which receives the water at the level of its 
axis. 

BREASTWORK (brest'wurk), n. Fort. Defen- 
sive work of earth or other materials breast- 
high. 

BREATH (breth), n. 1. Air drawn into, and 
then expelled from, the lungs. 2. Power of 
breathing; life. 3. Time occupied by once 
breathing. 4. Very slight breeze. 5. Single 
respiration. 6. Word; rumor. [A. S. brceth.~] 

BREATHABLE (breWa-bl), a. That can be 
breathed; fit to be breathed. 

BREATHE (breth), v. [pr.p. BREATHING; p.t. 
and p.p. BREATHED (brethd).] I. vi. 1. 
Draw in and expel breath or air from the lungs. 

2. Take breath; rest; pause. 3. Live. 4. Move 
softly, as a zephyr; exhale. II. vt. 1. Draw 
In and expel from the lungs, as air. 2. Infuse. 

3. Give out as breath. 4. Utter softly. 5. Keep 
in breath; exercise. 6. Set in motion or act 
upon with the breath. 7. Put out of breath; 
exhaust. 8. Whisper. 9. Declare or express; 
manifest. 10. Utter privately. 

BREATHER (breWer), n. 1. One who breathes, 
or lives. 2. That which puts out of breath or 
exhausts. 3. Walk, drive or athletic turn to 
improve the respiration. 

BREATHING (brewing), «. 1. Act of respira- 
tion. 2. ' Aspiration. 3. Respite. 4. Gentle 
breeze. 5. Inspiration. 6. Exercise. 7. Words 
spoken; utterance. 8. An aspirate. 9. Breath- 
ing place; vent. 

BREATHLESS (breth'les), o. 1. Out of breath. 
2. Unable to breathe. 3. Without breath; 
dead. 

BRECCIA (brech'ya), w . Rock composed of 
agglutinated angular fragments of the same 
or different rock. [It., from Fr. breche, breach.] 

BRED (bred), v. Past tense and past participle of 
BREED. 

BREECH (brech), n. 1. Lower part of the body 
behind. 2. Hinder part of anything, as of a 
gun. [A. S. brec. See BREECHES.] 

BREECH (brech), vt. [pr.p. BREECHING; p.t. 
and p.p. BREECHED (brecht).] 1. Put into 
breeches. 2. Fit with a breech, as a gun. 3. 
Connect by a breeching. 

BREECH-BLOCK (brech'blok), n. Block which 
closes the priming-hole of a breech-loading 
cannon. 

BREECHCLOTH (brech'klath), n. Cloth worn 
round the breech. 

BREECHES (brich'ez), n.pl. Garment worn by 
men on the lower part of the body; trousers; 
pantaloons. [A. S. brec, pi. of brec. See 
BREECH.] 

BREECHES-BUOY (brich'ez-boi), n. Life-buoy 



having a pair of canvas breeches attached, 
for carrying a person along a life-line from 
a wrecked vessel to the shore. 

BREECHING (brech'ing), n. 1. Part of a har- 
ness which passes round the haunches of a 
horse. 2. Naut. Ropes with which a cannon 
is lashed to the sides of a ship to prevent its 
recoil. 3. Whipping; spanking. 

BREECH-LOADER (brech'lod-er), n. Gun 
loaded by introducing the charge at the 
breech. 

BREECH-LOADING (brechlod-ing), a. Made to 
be loaded at the breech. 

BREECH-PIN (brech'pin), n. Plug which closes 
the rear end of the bore of a firearm barrel. 

BREED (bred), v. [p.p, BREEDING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRED.] I. vt. 1. Procreate; beget; 
generate; produce. 2. Be the source of; cause; 
engender; occasion. 3. Educate; train; bring 
up. 4. Manage, as the breeding of animals. 5. 
Cherish; nourish: foster. 6. Contrive; plot; 
hatch. II. vi. 1. Produce offspring. 2. Be 
produced, generated or formed; have birth. 
3. Raise a breed; propagate. 4. Be the birth- 
place of animate beings. [A. S. bredan, from 
brod, brood.] 

BREED (bred), n. 1. That which is bred; off- 
spring. 2. Subdivision of species; stock; 
strain; variety; kind. 

BREEDER (bred'er), n. 1. That which breeds. 
2. One who manages the breeding of animals 
as of cattle or horses. 

BREEDING (bred'ing), n. 1. Act of bearing or 
producing. 2. Nurture; education; training; 
bringing up. 3. Deportment; manners. 

BREEZE (brez), n. 1. Gentle gale; light wind. 
2. Slight disturbance or quarrel. 3. Flutter 
of excitement. [Fr. brise, northeast wind.] 

BREEZE (brez), BREEZE-FLY (brez'fli), n. 
Stinging fly; gad-fly; bot-fly. [A. S. breosaJ] 

BREEZE (brez), n. 1. Refuse cinders used in 
the burning of bricks. 2. Sweepings. [Fr. 
briser, break.] 

BREEZELESS (brez'les), a. Undisturbed by any 
breeze; calm; still. 

BREEZY (brez'i), a. 1. Windy; found with or 
subject to breezes, 'i. Lively; brisk; animated. 

BREMEN (brem'en; Ger. bra/men), n. Free city 
in Germany; seaport. Area 99 sq. m. 

BRENT (brent), n. Same as 
BRANT. 

BRESLAU(bres'low),n. City 
in Prussia. 

BREST (brest), n. Seaport in 
France. 

BRETHREN(bre*fc'ren), n.pl. 
Brothers; specifically, fel- 
low-members of a society 
or brotherhood. 

BRETON (bret'un), I. n. 1. 
Native of Rrittany or Bre- 
tagne, ancient province of 
France. 2. Language of 




Breton. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BREVE 



15G 



BRIDGE 



the Bretons. II. a. Relating to Brittany or 
to the Bretons. 

BREVE (brev), n. 1. Music. Note of time 
equal to two semibreves. 2. Print. Curved 
mark [ u ] sometimes used over a vowel to 
Indicate a particular sound of the letter, 
usually Its short sound. 3. Old Eng. Law. 
A judicial writ or precept. [It., from L. 
brevis, short.] 

BREVET (bre-vet'), I. n. Military commission 
giving an officer higher rank than that for 
which he receives pay. II. a. Taking rank 
by brevet; brevetted. [Fr.] 

BREVET (bre-vef), vt. [pr.p. BREVET'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. BREVETTED.] Confer rank 
upon by brevet. 

BREVETCY (bre-vef si), n. Rank held by brevet. 

BREVI-, stem. Short. [L. brevis, short.] 

BREVIARY (bre'vi-ar-i), n. [pi. BREVIARIES.] 
1. Abridgment. 2. Book containing the 
daily service of the Roman Catholic Church. 
[Fr. breviaire.] 

BREVIER (bre-vef), n. Type between bourgeois 
and minion; 9 lines to inch. 
S^"This line is in Brevier. 

BREVIPED (brevi-ped), a. Zool. Short-legged. 
[Fr. brevipede; from L. brevis, short, and pes, 
pedis, foot.] 

BREVIPENNATE (brev-i-pen'at), a. Zool. 
Having short wings. [BREVI- and PENNATE.] 

BREVIROSTRATE (brev-i-ros'trat), a. Zool. 
Having a short bill. [BREVI- and ROS- 
TRATE.] 

BREVITY (brevi-ti), n. [pi. BREVITIES.] 1. 
Shortness of time or duration. 2. Concise- 
ness or briefness o'f speech or composition. 
[L. brevitas, from brevis, short.] 

BREW(bro),f. [pr.p. BREWING; p.t. and p.p. 
BREWED (brod).] I. vt. 1. Prepare (a liquor), 
as from malt and other materials. 2. Con- 
trive; plot. 3. Concoct. II. vi. 1. Perform 
the operation of brewing. 2. Be gathering or 
forming. [A. S. breowan.] 

BREW (bro), n. Liquor brewed; brewage. 

BREWAGE (bro'aj), n. That which is brewed; 
liquor produced by brewing; concoction; 
plot. 

BREWER (bro'er), n. One who brews. 

BREWERY (bro'er-i), n. Place for brewing. 

BREWHOUSE (bro'hows), n. Brewery. 

BREWING (bro'ing), n. 1. Act or process of 
making malt liquor. 2. Quantity of liquor 
brewed at once. 3. Gathering of storm- 
clouds. 

BREWIS (bro'is), n. Bread soaked in boiling 
fat, hot milk, or the like. [A. S. briwas, 
broth.] 

BRIAR (brf'ar), n. Same as BRIER. 

BrIAREUS (bri-a're-us), n. Greek Myth. A 
giant with fifty heads and a hundred hands; 
son of Uranus. 

BRIBABLE (bri'ba-bl), a. Capable of being 
bribed. 






BRIBE (biib), n. 1. Reward or consideration 
of any kind given or offered to any one cor- 
ruptly, with a view to influence his judgment 
or conduct. 2. That which seduces or allures. 
[Fr., originally meaning piece of bread, from 
breva, break.] 

BRIBE (brib), v. [pr.p. BRIBING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRIBED (bribd).] I. vt. Give a bribe to 
influence by a bribe. II. vi. Engage in bri 
bing; be guilty of bribery. 

BRIBERY (bri'ber-i), n. Crime of giving or 
taking a bribe or bribes. 

BRIC-A-BRAC (brik'a-brak), n. Articles of 
virtu; curious ornamental objects. [Fr.] 

BRICK (brik), I. n. 1. Oblong or square piece 
of burned clay. 2. Anything in the shape of 
a brick. Gold and silver of the mines are 
molded into the form of bricks, and are known 
as gold or silver bricks. [See GOLD-BRICK.] 
3. Bricks collectively. 4. Colloquially, a 
good fellow. [Fr. brique.] 

BRICK (brik), vt. [pr.p. BRICKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRICKED (brikt).] Lay or construct 
with bricks. 

BRICKBAT (brik'bat), n. Piece of a brick. 

BRICKDUST (brik'dust), n. Dust arising from 
pounded bricks. 

BRICK-KILN (brikkil), n. Kiln or furnace in 
which bricks are burned or baked. 

BRICKLAYER (brik'la-er), n. One whose trade 
or business is to lay bricks; brickmason. 

BRICKLAYING (brik'la-ing), n. Art or trade 
of building with bricks. 

BRICKMAKER (brik'ma-ker), n. One whoso 
trade or business is to make bricks. 

BRICK-NOGGING (brik'nog-ing), n. Brickwork 
filled in between timber framing. 

BRICKWORK (brik'wurk), n. 1. Structure 
formed of bricks. 2. Laying of bricks. 

BRICKYARD (brik'yard), n. Enclosure or place 
where bricks are make. 

BRIDAL (bri'dal), I. n. Marriage feast; wed- 
ding. II. a. Belonging to a bride or a wed- 
ding; nuptial. 

BRIDE (brid), n. 1. Woman about to be mar- 
ried. 2. Woman newly married. [A. S. 
bryd.~\ 

BRIDECAKE (bridkak), BRIDESCAKE (bridz'- 
kak), n. Rich cake for distribution among 
the friends of the bride and bridegroom at a 
wedding. 

BRIDEGROOM (bridgrom), n. Man newly 
married, or about to be married. [A. S. bryd 9 
bride, and guma, man.] 

BRIDESMAID (bridz'mad), n. Unmarried wom- 
an or girl who attends on the bride at a wed- 
ding. 

BRIDEWELL (brid'wel), n. Prison; jail; lock- 
up; house of correction. [From a palace near 
St. Bride's well, in London, which was turned 
into a penitentiary.] 

BRIDGE (brij), n. 1. Structure raised across a 
river, etc. 2. Any similar structure. 3. Form 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BRIDGE 



157 



BRILLIANT 



of whist, in which the game consists of 30 
points, obtained by tricks alone. — Electric 
bridge, device for readily measuring an un- 
known electric resistance. 

BRIDGE (brij), vt. [pr.p. BRIDGING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRIDGED (brijd).] 1. Build a bridge 
over. 2. Establish a passage across; span. 3. 
Delay or detain by turning a bridge. 

BRIDGEBOARD (brij'bord), n. Arch. Notched 
board on which the ends of the steps of wooden 
stairs are fastened. 

BRIDGING (brij'ing), n. Arch. Short cross- 
pieces connecting adjacent floor-joists to 
prevent lateral deflection. 

BRIDGE- WORK (brij'wurk), n. Dentistry. In- 
sertion of several teeth without the use of a 
plate. 

BRIDLE (bri'dl), n. 1. Head-gear by means of 
which a horse's movements are controlled. 
2. Any curb or restraint. [A. S. bridel.] 

BRIDLE (bri'dl), v. [pr.p. BRIDLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRIDLED (bri'dld).] I. vt. 1. Put a bri- 
dle on. 2. Check; curb; restrain; control. 
II. vi. Hold up the head and draw in the chin 
in real or affected pride or scorn. 

BRIDLE-HAND (bri'dl-hand), n. Hand that 
holds the bridle in riding on horseback; the 
left hand. 

BRIDLE-PATH (bri'dl-path), n. Path suffi- 
ciently wide to allow of the passage of a horse, 
though not of a carriage. 

BRIDLER (bri'dler), n. One who bridles. 

BRIDLE-REIN (bri'dl-ran), n. Rein passing 
from the hand to the bit, or from the check- 
hook to the bit; or, in wagon-harness, from 
the top of the hames to the bit. 

BRIDOON (bri-don'), n. Snaffle-bit and rein 
used in military equipments in connection with 
a curb-bit which has its own rein. [Fr. 
bridon.] 

BRIEF (bref), I. a. 1. Short in duration; not 
lasting. 2. Concise in language; succinct. 
II. n. 1. Short account of a client's case 
for the instruction of counsel. 2. Short 
statement of any kind. [Fr. bref — L. brevis, 
short.] 

SYN. Short; limited; concise; condensed; 
succinct; summary; compendious; laconic; 
terse; transitory; transient; fleeting; short- 
lived. ANT. Long; lengthy; protracted; 
prolix; diffuse. 

BRIEF (bref), vt. [pr.p. BRIEF'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRIEFED (breft).] Make an abridgment, 
abstract, or brief of; epitomize. 

BRIEFLESS (bref'les), a. 1. Having no brief. 
2. Without a client. 

BRIEFLY (bref'li), adv. In a brief manner. 

BRIEFNESS (bref'nes), n. Quality of being 
brief. 

BRIER (bri'er), n. 1. Prickly shrub. 2. Wild 
rose. [A. S. brer, thorn.] 

BRIER-ROOT (bri'er-rot), n. Root of the 
white heath, used for making pipe bowls. 




Brig. 



BRIG (brig), n. Two-masted, square-rigged 
vessel. [Shortened from BRIGANTINE.] 

BRIGADE (bri-gad), n. Body 
of troops consisting of two or 
more regiments. [Fr.] 

BRIGADE (bri-gad), vt. [pr.p. 
BRIGADING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRIGADED.] Form into bri- 
gades. 

BRIGADIER (b r i g-a-d er '), 
BRIGADIER -GENERAL 
( jen'er-al), n. General in command of a brigade. 

BRIGAND (brig'and), n. Robber, free-booter. 
[Fr.; from It. brigante; from briga, strife.] 

BRIGANDAGE (brig'and-aj), «. Plundering; 
systematic robbery. 

BRIGANTINE (brig'an-tin), n. Small, light 
vessel or brig. [From BRIGAND, because such 
a vessel was used by pirates.] 

BRIGHT (brit), a. [comp. BRIGHTER; superl. 
BRIGHT'EST.] 1. Shining; full of light; 
luminous. 2. Clear; unclouded. 3. Resplen- 
dent with beauty or charms. 4. Quick-witted; 
clever; promising. 5. Of brilliant colors; gay. 
6. Cheerful; gay; happy; joyful. 7. Illus- 
trious; noble; celebrated. 

SYN. Shining; splendid; luminous; bril- 
liant; resplendent; effulgent; refulgent; 
glittering; glistening; radiant; lustrous; 
flashing; sparkling; gleaming; beaming; 
clear; transparent; lucid; limpid; pellucid; 
translucent; illustrious; famous; glorious; 
auspicious; promising. ANT. Obscure; 
dull; dead; muddy; cloudy; gloomy; Ig- 
nominious. 

BRIGHTEN (brit'n), v. [pr.p. BRIGHT'ENING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRIGHTENED (brit'nd).] I. vt. 
Make bright or brighter; make cheerful. II. 
vi. Grow bright or brighter; clear up. 

BRIGHTLY (brit'li), adv. Brilliantly; clearly; 
splendidly. 

BRIGHTNESS (brit'nes), n. Quality of being 
bright. 

BRIGHTON (brl'tun), n. Principal watering- 
place in England, on the Channel. 

BRILL (bril), n. White-spotted fish of the 
turbot kind. 

BRILLANTE (bril-lan'ta), adv. Music. In a 
gay and lively manner; brilliantly. [It.] 

BRILLIANCE (bril'yans), BRILLIANCY (bril'- 
yan-si), n. Quality of being brilliant. 

BRILLIANT (bril'yant), I. a. Sparkling; splen- 
did. II. n. 1. Diamond of the finest cut. 2. 
Print. Size of type smaller than diamond; 3i 
point. [Fr. briller, to shine.] 

&~ This li„e is , e t 




Top view. Side view. Back view. 
Brilliant with 58 faces. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ieu, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BRILLIANTINE 



158 



BROAD-ARROW 



BRILLIANTINE (bril'yan-ten), n. 1. Rich dress- 
fabric, resembling alpaca, and finished on 
both sides. 2. Oily cosmetic for the hair. 

BRILLIANTLY (bril'yant-li), adv. In a brilliant 
manner. 

BRILLIANTNESS (bril'yant-nes), n. Quality of 
being brilliant. 

BRIM (brim), n. 1. Brink of a river or lake. 2. 
Upper edge of a vessel. 3. Projecting rim 
around a hollow, as in a hat. [A. S.] 

BRIM (brim), v. [pr.p. BRIMMING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRIMMED (brimd).] I. vt. Fill to the 
brim. II. vi. Be full to the brim. 

BRIMFUL (brim'fol), a. Full to the brim; com- 
pletely full. 

BRIMLESS (brim'les), c. Having no brim. 

BRIMMED (brimd), a. 1. With a brim. 2. 
Up to the brim. 

BRIMMER (brim'er), n. Bowl or cup full to the 
brim; glass brimful. 

BRIMMING (brim'ing), a. Full to the top or 
brim. 

BRIMSTONE (brim'ston), n. Sulphur. [From 
A. S. byrnan, burn, and STONE.] 

BRINDED (brin'ded), BRINDLED (brin'dld), a. 
Marked with spots or streaks. [From BRAND- 
ED.] 

BRINE (brin), n. Salt-water; sea. [A. S. byrnan, 
burn.] 

BRINE (brin), vt. [pr.p. BRI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
BRINED (brind).] Steep in brine. 

BRING (bring), vt. [pr.p. BRINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. BROUGHT (brat).] 1. Cause to come; 
lead; draw. 2. Bear; convey; carry. 3. 
Fetch; procure; produce. 4. Prevail upon. 
5. Help on; guide; conduct. [A. S. bringan.] 

SYN. Fetch; procure; adduce; import; 
cause; secure; induce. ANT. Export; 
remove; abstract; subtract; exclude; debar; 
transport. 

BRINGER (bring'er), n. One who or that which 
brings. 

BRINISH (bri-nish), a. Like brine; salty. 

BRINK (bringk), n. Edge or border of a steep 
place or of a river. 

BRINY (brin'i), a. Pertaining to brine or the 
sea; salt. 

BRIO (bre'6), CON BRIO (kon bre'6). Music. 
Animatedly; with spirit. [It.] 

BRISBANE (briz'ban), n. Capital of Queens- 
land, Australia. 

BRISEIS (bri-se'is), n. Greek Myth. Slave 
girl, Hippodamia, daughter of Briseus, whose 
fatal beauty was the cause of the strife be- 
tween Achilles and Agamemnon. 

BRISK (brisk), a. Lively; rapid; effervescing. 
[From root of Fr. brusque.] 

BRISK (brisk), v. [pr.p. BRISKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRISKED (briskt).] I. vt. Render spright- 
ly; enliven; animate. II. vi. Brighten up; 
become brisk. 

BRISKET (brlsk'et), n. 1. Breast of an animal. 
2. Part of breast next to ribs. [O. E. brusket.] 



BRISKLY (brisk'li), adv. Actively; with life 
and spirit. 

BRISKNESS (brisk'nes), n. Liveliness; vivacity. 

BRISTLE (bris'l), n. Short, stiff hair, as of swine. 
[A. S. byrst.] 

BRISTLE (bris'l), v. [pr.p. BRIS'TLING; p.U 
and p.p. BRISTLED (bris'ld).] I. vt. 1. 
Erect in bristles. 2. Raise, as in pride, cour- 
age, or rage. 3. Cover or furbish with bris- 
tles. II. vi. 1. Stand erect as bristles. 2, 
Stand thick and close together as bristles do. 
3. Show pride, indignation, or scorn. 

BRISTLED (bris'ld), a. 1. Covered with bristles. 
2. Standing erect as bristles. 

BRISTLINESS (bris'li-nes), w. State of being 
bristly. 

BRISTLY (bris'li), a. 1. Set with bristles. 2. 
Of the nature of bristles. 

BRISTOL (bris'tul), n. Seaport in England. 

BRISTOL-BOARD (bris'tul-bord), n. Fine 
smooth cardboard. [Bristol, in England.] 

BRITAIN (brit'an), n. Same as GrEAT BRIT- 
AIN. 

BRITANNIA (bri-tan'i-a),». Alloy of tin, anti- 
mony, zinc, and copper. 

BRITANNIC (bri-tan'ik), a. Pertaining to Great 
Britain. 

BRITICISM (brit'i-sizm), n. Word or phrase pe- 
culiar to and characteristic of the British people. 

BRITISH (brit'ish), a. Pertaining to Great 
Britain or its people. 

British Columbia (co-ium'w-a). Province 

in Canada. Area 310,191 sq. in, 

British Honduras (hon-doras). English 

colony in Central America. Area 7,562 sq. m. 

BRITON (brit'un), n. Native of Great Britain. " 

BRITTLE (brit'l), a. E sily broken. [A. S. 
breotan, break.] 

BRITZSKA (brits'ka), n. Open four-wheeled 
carriage, having a calash top and space for 
reclining when on a journey. [Russ.] 

BROACH (broch), vt. [pr.p. BROACH'ING; p.U 
and p.p. BROACHED (\rocht).] 1. Pierce. 
2. Tap; open up; begin. 3. Suggest; publish 
first. 4. Naut. Turn a vessel to windward. 
[Fr. brocher, pierce.] 

BROACH (broch), n. 1. Pointed or penetrating 
instrument; awl. 2. Boring instrument; 
reamer. 3. Same as BROOCH. 

BROACHER (broch'er), n. 1. One who broaches; 
first publisher; suggester. 2. Spit for roast- 
ing meat. 

BROAD (brad), a. [Comp. BROADER; superl. 
BROADEST.] 1. Wide; large; free; open. 
2. Comprehensive; liberal. 3. Coarse; in- 
delicate. [A. S. brad.] 

BROAD (brad), n. Broad part of anything. 

BROAD- ARROW (brad'ar-6), n. Mark formed 
by three lines broader at one end than the 
other, meeting together in a point, thus: /|\ 
It is stamped or cut on all English gov- 
ernment property or stores. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BROADAX 



159 



BBOMIZE 



BROADAX, BROAD AXE (brad'aks), n. 1. Ax 
with a broad edge and short handle. 2. Bat- 
tle-ax. 

BROADBILL (brad'bil), n. 1. Zool. Species of 
wild duck, the Anas clypeata; shoveler. 2. 
Spoonbill, the Platalea leucorodia. 

BROADBRIM (brad'brim), n. 1. Hat with a 
broad brim. 2. Quaker or Friend. 

BROAD-BRIMMED (brad brimd), a. Having 
a broad brim. 

BROADCAST (brad'kast), I. n. Sowing of seed 
at large by hand. II. a. Sown by the hand 
at large; widely scattered. III. adv. By 
scattering at large or widely. 

BROADCAST (brad'kast), vt. [pr.p. BROAD- 
CASTING; p.t. and p.p. BROAD'CAST or 
BEOAD'CASTED.] Sow broadcast. 

BROADCLOTH (brad'klath), n. Fine, smooth 
woolen cloth, commonly made double width, 
a yard and a half. 

BROADEN (brad'n), v. [pr.p. BROADENING; 
p.t. and p.p BROADENED (brad'nd).] I. 
vt. Make broad or broader. II. vi. Grow 
broad. 

BROAD-GAGE (brad'gaj), a. Noting a rail- 
road whose width between the rails is four 
feet eight and a half inches or more. 

BROAD-HORNED (brad'harnd), a. Having 
wide-spread horns. 

BROADISH (brad'ish), a. 

BROADLY (brad'li), adv. 

BROADNESS (brad'nes), 
broad. 

BROAD-SEAL (brad'sel), n. 
nation or state. 

BROADSIDE (brad'sid), n. 1. Side of a ship. 
2. All the guns on one side of a ship of war, 
or their simultaneous discharge. 3. Sheet of 
paper printed on one side. 

BROADSWORD (brad'sord), n. Sword with a 
broad blade. 

BROB (brob), n. Carp. Peculiar form of spike 
driven alongside a timber which makes a 
butt-joint against another, to prevent the 
former from slipping. [Gael, brog, probe.] 

BROCADE (bro-kad'), n. Silk stuff in which 
figures are wrought. [From root of BROACH.] 

BROCADED (bro-ka'ded), a. 1. Worked bro- 
cade-like. 2. Dressed in brocade. 

BROCAGE (bro'kaj), n. Same as BROKERAGE. 

BROCARD (brok'ard), n. Accepted maxim or 
principle. [Burkhard, a compiler of ecclesias- 
tical canons.] 

BROCATEL (brok'a-tel), n. 1. Min. Variegated 
calcareous stone. 2. Kind of coarse brocade. 
[Fr. brocateile.] 

BROCCOLI (brok'o-li), n. Common garden 
vegetable, the Brassica oleracea, differing 
from the cauliflower in having colored instead 
of white heads, and in having leaves of a 
deeper hue. [It., pi. of broccolo, sprout.] 

BROCHURE (bro-shur'), n. Pamphlet; brief 
composition. [Fr., from brocher, stitch.] 



Rather broad. 
In a broad manner. 
n. Quality of being 

Official seal of a 



BROGAN (bro'gan), n. Stout, coarse shoe. 

[Gael., dim. of brog, shoe.] 
BROGUE (brog), n. Coarse, rough shoe; brogan. 

[Gael, brog, shoe.] 
BROGUE (brog), n. Dialectic pronunciation of 

English, especially that of the Irish. [Gael. 

brog, shoe.] 
BROIL (broil), n. Noisy quarrel. [Fr. brouiller, 

confuse.] 
BROIL (broil), v. [pr.p. BROIL'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. BROILED (broild).] I. vt. Cook over 

hot coals, generally upon a gridiron. II. vi. 

1. Become cooked over hot coals. 2. Sweat 

with heat. [O. Fr. bruiller.] 
BROKAGE (bro'kaj), n. Same as BROKERAGE. 
BROKE (brok), v. Past tense of BREAK. 
BROKE (brok), vi. [pr.p. BRO'KING; p.t. and 

p.p. BROKED (brokt).] Carry on or engage 

in the business of a broker. [From BROKER.] 
BROKEN .bro'kn), a. 1. Rent asunder; in 

pieces. 2. Infirm. 3. Humbled. 4. Trained. 

5. Intermittent. 6. Rough; rugged; broken- 

up. 7. Unobserved; unkept. 8. Not fluent, as 

broken accents. 9. Disordered, as troops. 

10. Unsettled, as broken weather. 
BROKEN-DOWN (bro'kn-down), a. Wrecked; 

prostrated; disintegrated. 
BROKEN-HEARTED (bro'kn-hart-ed), a. 

Crushed in spirit by grief or anxiety. 

SYN. Disconsolate; inconsolable; com- 
fortless; cheerless; woebegone; forlorn; 

desolate; heart-broken. ANT. Joyous; 

cheerful; merry; happy; gay; jovial; glad- 
some; blithe. 
BROKER (bro'ker), n. One who buys and sells 

for others, especially stocks and securities. 

[A. S. brucan, use.] 
BROKERAGE (bro'ker-aj), n. 1. Business of 

a broker. 2. Commission charged by a 

broker. 
BROMA (bro'ma), n. Preparation of cacao. 

[Gr. broma, food.] 
BROMAL (bro'mal), n. Chem. Oily liquid of 

unpleasant odor and pungent taste, obtained 

by the action of dry bromine on absolute 

alcohol. 
BROMATE (bro'mat), n. Chem. Salt of bromic 

acid. 
BROMIC (bro'mik), a. Of or pertaining to 

bromine, especially in its higher valence. 
BROMIDE (bro'mid or bro'mid), n. 1. Chem. 

Combination of bromide with a base. 2. 

Platitudinous person; see SULPHIDE. (Slang.) 
BROMINE (bro'min), n. Element closely allied 

to iodine, so called from its smell. [Gr. bromos, 

bad odor.] 
BROMISM(bro'mizm),n. Pathol. Morbid con- 
dition resulting from the excessive use of 

bromine. 
BROMIZE (bro'miz), vt. [pr.p. BRO'MIZING; 

p.t. and p.p. BROMIZED (bro'mizd).] Photog. 

Treat with bromine; as, to bromize a silvered 

plate. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BROMOFORM 



160 



BRUISE 




BROMOFORM (bro'mo-farm), n. Compound 
of bromine and formyl, corresponding to 
chloroform. [BROMINE and FORMYL.] 
BRONCHI (brong'ki), n.pl. Anat. 1. Any of 
the air-passages in the lungs, great or small. 
2. The two great tubes into which the trachea 
divides beneath, just before entering the 
lungs. [See BRONCHUS.] 
BRONCHIA (brong'ki-a), n.pl. Ramifications 
of the windpipe which carry air into the lungs. 
[Gr. bronchos, windpipe.] 
BRONCHIAL (brong'ki-al), a. Of or pertaining 

to the bronchia. 
BRONCHITIS (brong-ki'tis), n. Pathol, Inflam- 
mation of the bronchia. 
BRONCHO, BRONCO 
(brong'ko), n. Small Mex- 
ican horse; mustang. 
BRONCHOCELE (brong'ko- 
sel), n. Pathol. Goiter. 
[Gr. bronchos, windpipe, and 
kele, swelling.] 
BRONCHOPHONY (brong- Broncho, 

kof'o-ni), n. Med. Loud, 
clear, ringing sound in the chest detected by 
auscultation. [Gr. bronchos, windpipe, and 
phone, sound.] 
BRONCHOTOMY (brong-kot'o-mi), n. Surg. 
Incision into the windpipe. [Gr. bronchos, 
windpipe, and tome, cutting.] 
BRONCHUS (brong'kus), n. [pi. BRONCHI 
(brong'ki).] Anat. Either of the two great 
tubes into which the trachea divides beneath. 
[Gr. bronchos, windpipe.] 
BRONCO (brong'ko), n. Same as BRONCHO. 
BRONZE (bronz), n. 1. Mixture of copper and 
tin. 2. Anything cast in bronze. 3. Color 
of bronze. 4. Impudence. [Fr.] 
BRONZE (bronz), vt. [pr.p. BRON'ZING; p.t. 
and p.p. BRONZED (bronzd).] 1. Make like 
bronze in appearance or color. 2. Render 
hard or unfeeling; brazen. 
BRONZY (bronz'i), a. Resembling bronze. 
BROOCH (broch or 
broch), n. Ornamental 
pin for fastening an 
article of dress. [Fr. 
broche, spit.] 
BROOD (brod), n. 1. 
Hatch; the young 
birds hatched or bred 
at one time. 2. That 
which is bred; breed. 3. Offspring; progeny. 
4. Min. Heterogeneous mixture. [A. S. brod.] 
BROOD (brod), v. [pr.p. BROOD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p BROODED.] I. vt. 1. Sit over and cover, 
as a hen with her wings. 2. Meditate. 3. 
Cherish. II. vi. 1. Sit, as a hen in order to 
hatch, or to cover her young. 2. Meditate 
long and anxiously; be engrossed in thought 
or study. 
BROOD (brod), a. 1. Inclined to sit; sitting. 2. 
Kept for breeding. 




Brooches. 



BROOK (brok), n. Small stream. [A. S. broc] 

BROOK (brok), vt. [pr.p. BROOKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BROOKED (brokt).] Bear; endure. [A. 
S. brucan, use, enjoy.] 

BROOKLET (brok'let), n. Little brook. 

BROOKLYN (brok'lin) , n. Borough of New York 
City, on Long Island. 

BR003I (brom), n. 1. Wild evergreen shrub. 2. 
Brush with a long handle for sweeping floors, 
etc. [A. S. brom.] 

BR003ICORN (brom'karn), n. Variety of sor- 
ghum from the tufts of which brooms are 
made. 

BROOMSTICK (brom'stik), n. Handle of a 
broom. 

BROOM Y (brom'i), a. Pertaining to, resembling, 
or containing broom. 

BROTH (brath), n. Water in which meat was 
boiled. [A. S., related to Ger. bruehe.] 

BROTHEL (broth'el), n. Disreputable house. 
[A. S. breothan, ruin.] 

BROTHER (bru*ft'er), n. [pi. BROTHERS (by 
blood); BRETH'REN (of a community); fern. 
SISTER.] 1. Male born of the same parents. 
2. One closely united with or resembling an- 
other. 3. Fellow-creature; fellow-member. 
[A. S. brodhor.] 

BROTHERHOOD (brutft'2r-hod), n. 1. State of 
being a brother. 2. Association of men for 
any purpose. 

BROTHER-IN-LAW (brutfc'er-in-la), n. Broth- 
er of a husband or wife; a sister's husband. 

BROTHERLY (bruift'er-li), a. Like a brother; 
kind; affectionate. [A. S. brodhor.] 

BROWBEAT (brow'bet), vt. [#r.p. BROW- 

BEATING; p.t. BROWBEAT; p.p. BROW- 
BEATEN.] Bear down with stern looks or 
speech; bully. 

BROWN (brown), I. c. Of a dark or dusky color 
inclining to red or yellow. — Brown study, ab- 
sent-minded reverie. II. n. Dark-reddish 
color. [A. S. brun.] 

BROWN (brown), v. [pr.p. BBOWN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. BROWNED (brownd).] I. vt. Make 
brown or dusky. II. vi. Become brown. 

BROWNIE (brown'i), n. Kind of good-natured 
domestic spirit. [Sc] 

BROWNISH (brown'ish), a. Inclining to brown. 

BROWNNESS (brown'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being brown. 

BROWNSTONE (brown'ston), n. Sandstone of 
a brown color, used in building. 

BROWSE (browz), n. 1. Growing buds and 
twigs of trees and shrubs, used for fodder. 2. 
Act of browsing. [O. Fr. broust, sprout.] 
BROWSE (browz), v. [pr.p. BROWSING; p.t. 
and p.p. BROWSED (browzd).] I. vt. 1. Feed 
upon, as browse; graze; nibble off. 2. Turn 
out to browse; pasture. II. vi. Feed on 
browse; graze. 
BRUIN (bro'in), n. Bear, so called from its 

brown color. [A. S. brun, brown.] 
BRUISE (broz), v. [pr.p. BRUISING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BRUISE 



161 



BRYOZOA 



p.p. BRUISED (brozd).] I. vt. 1. Contuse; 
indent or discolor by the blow of something 
blunt and heavy. 2. Bray; pound; grind or 
crush into pieces. II. vi. Box; engage in a 
fistic encounter. [O. Fr. bruiser, break.] 

SYN. Contuse; break; crush; pound; 
bray; pulverize; triturate. ANT. Heal; 
assuage; compound; amalgamate. 

BRUISE (broz), n. Hurt with a blunt or heavy 
Instrument; contusion. 

BRUISER (broz'er), n. 1. One who bruises; 
pugilist; ruffian. 2. Tool for grinding the 
specula of telescopes. 

BRUIT (brot), n. Something noised abroad; 
rumor; report. [Fr., noise.] 

BRUIT (brot), vt. [pr.p. BRUIT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRUIT'ED.] Noise abroad; report. 

BRUMAL (bro'mal), a. Belonging to winter. 
[Fr., from L. bruma, winter.] 

BRUNETTE (bro-net), n. Girl or woman of 
dark complexion, eyes and hair. [Fr.] 

BRUNHILD (brun'hild), n. Norse Myth. A 
valkyr, condemned to matrimony for offend- 
ing Odin. 

BRUNSWICK (brunz'wik), n. 1. State of Ger- 
man Empire. 2. Capital of same. 

BRUNT (brunt), n. Main heat or shock of an 
onset or contest; the force of a blow. [Re- 
lated to BURN.] 

BRUSH (brush), I. w. 1. Instrument for remov- 
ing dust or dirt, made of bristles, twigs, or 
feathers. 2. Kind of hair-pencil used by 
painters. 3. Brushwood. 4. Skirmish or 
encounter. 5. Tail of a fox. 6. Elec. Strip 
of metal, bundle of wire, or slit plate of metal, 
etc., that bears on the commutator cylinder 
of the dynamo, and carries off the current 
generated. [Fr. brosse.] 

BRUSH (brush), v. [pr.p. BRUSH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BRUSHED (brusht).] I. vt. 1. Remove, 
as dust by means of a brush. 2. Paint, deco- 
rate, or renovate with a brush. 3. Set in 
motion or move as a brush. 4. Touch 
lightly or quickly, as in passing. II. vi. 
1. Move lightly. 2. Skim. 

BRUSHER (brush'er), n. One who uses a 
brush. 

BRUSHINESS (brush'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
brushy. 

BRUSH-LIGHTNING (brush'lit-ning), n. Slowly 
rising variegated lightning displaying great 
irregularity. 

BRUSH- WHEEL (brushhwel), n. Mech. One 
of the wheels used in light machinery to turn 
another wheel by means of bristles or brushes 
fixed to its circumference. 

BRUSHWOOD (brush'wod), n. 1. A growth of 
rough, close bushes; thicket. 2. Small 
branches cut for firewood, etc. 

BRUSHY (brush'i), a. Resembling a brush; 
rough; shaggy. 

BRUSQUE (brusk), a. Blunt; abrupt in manner. 
[Fr.] 



BRUSQUENESS (brusk'nes), n. Abrupt or blunt 

manner. 
BRUSSELS (brus'elz), n. Capital of Belgium. 

Brussels-carpet (brus'eiz-kar'pet), n. 

Kind of carpet made originally at Brussels. 
It is composed of linen thread and worsted, 
the latter forming the pattern, and is distin- 
guished by a particular corded or ribbed ap- 
pearance of its surface. 
BrUSSELS-LACE (brus'elz-las), n. Gossamer 
lace made at Brussels, from a superior quality 
of flax peculiar to that locality. 

Brussels-sprouts (brus'eiz-sprowtz), n. 

Small sprouts or heads, each a perfect cabbage 
in miniature, springing from the stalks of a 
species of cabbage, originally from Brussels 
in Belgium. 

BRUTAL (bro'tal), a. 1. Sensual; coarse; unre- 
fined. 2. Cruel; inhuman; unfeeling; sav- 
age. 

SYN. Brutish; bestial; beastly; carnal; 
gross; fiendish; savage; ferocious; cruel; 
merciless; ruthless; barbarous; bloody; 
bloodthirsty. ANT. Self-controlled; re- 
fined; intelligent; civilized; humane. 

BRUTALITY (bro-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. BRUTAL'- 
ITIES.] 1. Quality of being brutal. 2. 
Brutal act. 

BRUTALIZATION (bro-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of making brutal. 

BRUTALIZE (bro'tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. BRUTAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. BRUTALIZED (bro'tal- 
izd).] 1. Make brutal. 2. Treat brutally. 

BRUTALLY (bro'tal-i), adv. In a brutal manner. 

BRUTE (brot), I. a. 1. Inanimate; unintelligent; 
unconscious. 2. Uncivilized; rude. 3. Ir- 
rational; bestial. II. n. 1. Irrational animal; 
beast. 2. Brutal person. 3. Low-bred, un- 
feeling man. [Fr. brut, from L. brutus, stu- 
pid.] 

BRUTIFY (bro'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. BRU'TIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. BRUTIFIED (bro'ti-fid).] Make 
brutish or brutal. 

BRUTISH (bro'tish), a. Pertaining to or re- 
rembling brutes; brutal. 

BRUTISHLY (bro'tish-li), adv In a brutish 
manner. 

BRUTISHNESS (bro'tish-nes), n. Quality of 
being brutish. 

BRUTISM (bro'tizm), n. Behavior characteristic 
of a brute. 

BRYOLOGY( bri-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of botany 
that treats of mosses. [Gr. bryon, moss, and 
suffix -LOGY.] 

BRYONIA (bri-o'ni-a), n. Bot. Genus of plants, 
the most interesting species of which is Bri- 
onia dioica, the red-berried bryony, or wild 
vine. [Gr. bryo, be full of, swell with.] 

BRYONY (bri'o-ni), n. [pi. BRYONIES.] Any 
plant of the genus Bryonia. 

BRYOZOA (bri-o-zo'a), n.pl. Zool. Class of 
animals, polyp-like in general appearance, but 
molluscan in structure. Also called Polyzoa, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BRYOZOAN 



162 



BUCKSKIN 



[Gr. bryon, moss (from bryo, swell with), and 
zoon, animal.] 

BRYOZOAN (bri-o-zo'an), I. a. Pertaining to 
the Bryozoa. II. n. Animal of the class 
Bryozoa. 

BUBBLE (bub'l), n. 1. Small vesicle of water 
or other liquid inflated with air or other gas. 
2. Small cavity in cell filled with air, occurring 
in a liquid or solid substance. 3. Something 
unsubstantial; swindling project; fraudulent 
scheme. [Dut. bobbel.] 

BUBBLE (bub'l), v. [pr.p. BUB'BLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUBBLED (bub Id).] I. vt. 1. Form bub- 
bles in; cause to bubble. 2. Cause to make 
the sound heard in blowing bubbles. 3. Cheat; 
swindle. II. vi. 1. Rise in bubbles. 2. Make 
the gurgling noise produced by blowing 
bubbles. 

BUBBLY (bub'li), a. Full of bubbles. 

BUBO (bubo), n. [pi. BUBOES.] Pathol. Con- 
tagious inflammation of a lymph-gland. [Gr. 
boubon, grain.] 

BUBONIC (bu-bon'ik), a. Attended by buboes. 

BUBONIC-PLAGUE (bu-bon'ik-plag), n. Malig- 
nant contagious disease incident to Asiatic 
countries, and sometimes found in Europe. 

BUCCAL (buk'al), a. Anat. Pertaining to 
the cheek. [L. bucca, cheek.] 

BUCCANEER (buk-a-ner'), ». Pirate; espe- 
cially one of those quasi-pirates or free- 
booters who infested the coasts of the West 
Indies and Spanish America during the 17th 
and 18th centuries. [Fr. boucanier, from buc- 
can, a word of the Carib Indians, mean- 
ing a place for smoking meat.] 

BUCCINA (buk-sl'na), n. [pi. BUCCI'N^E.] An- 
cient horn-trumpet, made from a shell. It was 
chiefly distinguished by the twisted form of 
the shell from which it was made. [L. buc- 
cinum, shell.] 

BUCCINAL (buk'si-nal), a. Like a trumpet, in 
shape or sound. 

BUCCINATOR (buk'si-na-tur), n. Anat. Chief 
muscle of each cheek, brought into play when 
blowing a trumpet. [BUCCINA.] 

BUCENTAUR (bu-sen'tar), n. Myth. Monster, 
half man and half ox. [Gr. bous, ox, and 
kentauros, centaur.] 

BUCHU (bu'ku), n. Name given to several 
species of South African plants of the rue 
order, recommended as antispasmodics and 
diuretics. 

BUCK (buk), n. 1. Male of 
the deer, goat, hare, and 
rabbit. 2. Dashing young 
fellow. 3. Adult male Indian 
or negro. [A. S. bucca.] 

BUCK (buk), v. [pr.p. BUCK'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BUCKED 
(bukt).] I. vt. 1. Throw or 
unhorse by springing suddenly from the ground 
and coming down with a jolt, as a broncho 
does. 2. Mil. Punish by fastening one's 




Buck (Fallow- 
deer). 



limbs together in a helpless manner, by means 
of cord and a stick. II. vi. Spring suddenly 
from the ground and come down with a jolt, as 
a broncho in unseating a rider. 

BUCK (buk), n. Lye in Which clothes are soaked 
in bleaching, or in which they are washed. 
[Celt, buac, bleaching liquor.] 

BUCK (buk), vt. [pr.p. BUCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUCKED (buckt).] Soak or wash in lye. 

BUCK (buk), n. Sawbuck or sawhorse. 

BUCK-BASKET (buk'bas-ket), n. Clothes- 
basket. 

BUCKBEAN (buk'ben), n. Plant of the gentian 
order; marsh trefoil. 

BUCKBOARD (buk'bord), n. Four-wheeled 
vehicle having a long elastic board in place 
of body and springs. 

BUCKER (buk'er), n. Horse that bucks. 

BUCKET (buk'et), n. 1. Vessel for drawing or 
holding water. 2. Bucketful. 3. Float of 
a water-wheel; scoop of a dredging ma- 
chine; disk of a chain-pump, etc. [A. S. buc, 
jug.] 

BUCKETFUL (buk'et-fol), n. As much of any- 
thing as will fill a bucket. 

BUCKET-SHOP (buk'et-shop), n. Place, other 
than that of a board of trade, where betting 
on prices of stocks, grain, etc., is carried on. 

BUCKET-WHEEL (buk'et-hwel), n. Wheel 
arranged with an endless chain to which 
buckets are attached for raising water, grain, 
etc. 

BUCKEYE (buk'i), n. Bot. Horse-chestnut 
tree of North America, of which there are 
several species, or its fruit; specifically 
Msculus glabra. 

BUCKEYE (buk'I), n. Native of the state of 
Ohio, which is nicknamed the Buckeye State. 

BUCKINGHAM (buk'ing-am), n . City of Eng- 
land, in shire of same name. 

BUCKLE (buk'I), n. 1. Instrument for fastening 
dress, harness, straps, etc., consisting of a 
link of metal, with one or more tongues or 
catches. 2. Bend; bow; curl. [Fr. boucle.] 

BUCKLE (buk'I), v. [pr.p. BUCK'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUCKLED (buk'ld).] I. vt. 1. Fasten 
with a buckle. 2. Prepare for, enter upon, or 
engage in, vigorously, as buckle a task. 3. 
Bend; put out of shape; crinkle up. II. vi. 1. 
Apply one's self to work. 2. Get out of shape; 
bow; bend; warp. 

BUCKLER (buk'ler), n. 1. Shield with a central 
boss. 2. Pal. Anterior segment of the carapax 
or shell in trilobites. 3. Naut. Block of wood 
made to fit in the hawse-hole of a vessel. 
[Fr. boucler.] 

BUCKRAM (buk'ram), I. n. Coarse linen cloth 
stiffened. II. a. 1. Made of buckram. 2. 
Stiff; precise. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BUCKSHOT (buk'shot), n. Large lead shot 
used for hunting deer and other large game. 

BUCKSKIN (buk'skin), n. 1. Skin of a buck. 
2. Soft leather made of it. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^, in Scotch loch. 



BUCKTHORN 



163 



BUGLE 




catharticus) . 
[Gr. boukolikos, 




Buds. 



BuCKTHORN(buk'tharn), n. Bot. 1. English 
name of a genus of shrubs technically known 
as Rhamnus. 2. [b-] Any 
shrub of this genus. 

BUCKWHEAT (buk'hwet), 
n. Bot. Species of edible 
grain produced by the 
plant Fagopyrum esculer- 
tum. It is three-cornered 
like the beechnut, and a 
flour made from it is used 
for making griddle cakes. 
[A. S. boc, beech, and 
WHEAT.] 

BUCOLIC (bu-kol'ik), I. Buckthorn (Rh-amnus 
a. Agricultural; pas- 
toral. II. n. Pastoral poem, 
a herdsman.] 

BUD (bud), n. Bot. 1. Germ 
of future leaf or blossom. 
2. Incipient shoot from a 
stem or branch. 3. Biol. 
Budlike protuberance, on 
polyps and similar ani- 
mals, which ultimately 
develops into a complete 
animal. [Dut. bot, bud.] 

BUD (bud), v. [pr.p. BUD- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. BUD'- 
DED.] I. vi. 1. Put forth 
buds. 2. Begin to grow; 
germinate. II. vt. 1. Graft by inserting a 
bud. 2. Produce by budding. 

BUDAPEST (bo'da-pest), n. Capital of Hungary. 

BUDDHA (bo'da),n. 1. Hindu reformer, Prince 
Gautama Siddartha, whose real name was 
Sakyamuni, but who assumed the name of 
Buddha, "the enlightened one." 2. Incar- 
nation of the Supreme Mind. [Sans.] 

BUDGE (buj), v. [pr.p. BUDGING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUDGED (bujd).] I. vi. Move; stir. II. vt. 
Stir; move; shift. [Fr. bougcr.] 

BUDGET (buj'et), n. 1. Little sack with its 
contents. 2. Annual statement of the finances 
of a government. [Fr.] 

BuDWEIS (bod'vis), n. City of Bohemia. 

BUENOS AtRES (bwa'nds i'rez), n. Capital of 
Argentina. 

BUFF (buf), n. 1. Leather made from the skin 
of the buffalo. 2. Light yellow color. 3. 
Military coat made of buff. 4. Yellow sub- 
stance formed on the surface of blood in some 
diseases. 5. Stick or wheel used for polishing. 
[Fr. buffle, buffalo.] 

BUFF (buf), vt. [pr.p. BUF'FING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUFFED (buft).] Polish, as with buff. 

BUFF (buf), vt. Resist and deaden, as by means 
of a buffer. 

BUFFALO (buf'a-16), n. City of New York 
State, on Lake Erie and Niagara River. 

BUFFALO buf'a-16), n. [pi. BUF'FALOES.] 1. 
Large kind of Old World ox, generally wild. 



2. American bison. 3. Water-buffalo. [Sp., 
from Gr. boubalos, wild ox, from bous, ox.] 




. Old World Buffalo (Bison bonasus). 

BUFFALO-ROBE (buf'a-16-rob), n. The skin of 

the buffalo dressed for use. 
BUFFER (buf'er), n. Device to break the force 

of a concussion. 
BUFFET (buf'et or bo-fa'), n. 1. Sideboard. 

2. Public room for refreshments. [Fr.] 
BUFFET (buf'et), n. 1. Blow with the hand; 

cuff. 2. Blow of any kind; hardship; trial. 

[O. Fr. bufet, blow on the cheek.] 
BUFFET (buf'et), v. [pr.p. BUF'FETING; p.t. 

and p.p. BUFFETED.] I. vt. 1. Strike with 

the hand, especially on the cheek. 2. Strike 

or beat in contention; contend against. II. 

vi. 1. Box; contend; strike. 2. Make one's 

way by struggling or contention. 
BUFFOON (buf-fon'), n. Clown. [Fr. bouffon — ■ 

It. buffare, jest.] 
BUFFOONERY (buf-fon'er-i), n. Ludicrous or 

vulgar jesting. 
BUFFY (buf'i), a. 1. Of the color of buff. 2. 

Pertaining to or like buff. 
BUG (bug), n. Term applied to various insects, 

especially those infesting houses and beds; 

bedbug; beetle. [Wei. bwg, hobgoblin.] 
BUGBEAR (bug'bar), BUGABOO (bug'a-bo), n. 

Frightful apparition, especially one which, 

being boldly confronted, vanishes away. 
BUGGY (bug'i), a. Infested with bugs. 
BUGGY (bug'i), n. [pi. BUG'GIES.] Single- 
seated four-wheeled vehicle, with or without 

a top, drawn by one or two horses. 
BUGLE (bu'gl), n. 1. Hunting-horn. 2. Horn 

for military signals. [O. Fr., L. buculus, from 

60s. ox.] 




Bugle. 

BUGLE (bu'gl), n. Elongated glass bead, usually 
black. [A. S. bedg, neck ornament.] 

BUGLE (bu'gl), a. 1. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling bugles. 2. Consisting of bugles or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



BUGLE 



164 



BULLDOZE 



elongated glass beads. 3. Adorned with 
bugles. 

BUGLE (bu'gl), n. Bot. 1. Plant of the mint 
family, the Licopus virginicus; also called 
bugle-weed. 2. British labiate plant. 

BUGLER (bu'gler), n. One who plays on or 
sounds the bugle. 

BUGLE-WEED (bu'gl-wed), n. See BUGLE. 

BUGLOSS (bu'glos), n. Bot. Plant commonly 
called oxtongue. 

BUHL (bul), n. Unburnished gold, brass or 
mother-of-pearl inlaid; furniture ornamented 
with such. [From Boule, the name of an Ital- 
ian wood-carver who introduced it into France 
in the time of Louis XIV.] 

BUHRSTONE (bur'ston), n. Same as BURR- 
STONE. 

BUILD (bild), v. [pr.p. BUILD 'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUILT (bilt), or BUILD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Erect 
(a structure) by the use of materials. 2. Con- 
struct or frame (a fabric of any kind). 3. 
Construct; raise; form; found. II. vi. 1. En- 
gage in the business of building. 2. Fabri- 
cate an edifice. 3. Depend or rely (on or up- 
on). [A. S. byldan.] 

SYN. Fabricate; construct; erect; raise; 
make; form; found; frame; establish. 
ANT. Demolish; raze; ruin; destroy; 
subvert. 

BUILD (bild), n. Form, style or mode of con- 
struction; figure. 

BUILDER (bild'er), n. One who builds. 

BUILDING (bild'ing), n. 1. Art of constructing 
edifices; business or profession of a builder. 
2. Act of constructing or erecting. 3. That 
which is built; fabric; edifice; structure. 

BUKHAREST (bo-ka-resf), ». Capital of Ru- 
mania. 

BULB (bulb), n. 1. Bot. Shortened stem or 
branch, usually subterranean and of nearly 
spherical form, bearing on its surface a num- 
ber of fleshy scales, which are modified leaves. 
2. Protuberance shaped more or less like a 
bulb. 3. Anat. Name given to different parts 
which resemble, in shape, certain bulbous 
roots. [L. bulbus, protuberance.] 

BULBAR (bulb'ar), a. Anat. Of or pertaining 
to the bulb of the spinal cord or medulla 
oblongata. 

BULBED (bulbd), a. Having a bulb. 

BULBIFEROUS (bulb-if'er-us), a. Bearing 
bulbs. 

BULBOUS (bulb'us), a. Having a bulb or bulbs; 
like a bulb. 

BULBUL (bul'bul), n. Asiatic singing-bird of 
the thrush family, especially the Persian 
nightingale, Pyconotus jocosus. [Pers., night- 
ingale.] 

BULBULE (bulb'ul), n. Bot. Young bulb spring- 
ing from an old one. 

BuLE (bu'la), n. National legislature of Greece, 
consisting of one house. 

BULGARIA (bul-ga'ri-a), n. Principality in the 



Balkan Peninsula, tributary to Turkey. Area 
37,200 sq. m. 

Bulgarian (bui-gari-an), 

I. o. Pertaining to Bul- 
garia. II. n. 1. Native of 

Bulgaria. 2. Bulgarian 

language (Slavonic). 
BULGE (bulj), n. 1. Bilge or 

widest part, as of a cask 

or ship. 2. Swelling. [A. 

S. belgan.] 
BULGE (bulj), v. [pr.p. 

BUL'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

BULGED (buljd).] I. vt. 1. 

Cause to swell out or to be 

protuberant. 2. Cause to 

leak by staving in the bot- 
tom of, as a ship; bilge. II 




Prince Ferdinand, 
of Bulgaria. Born 
1861. 



Founder 



1. Swell out; 
from a leak; 



bowed; 



be protuberant, 
bilge. 

BULGING (bul'jing), a. Protuberant. 

BULGY (bul'ji), a. Inclining to bulge 
bandy. 

BULK (bulk), n. 1. Magnitude. 2. Greater part. 
3. Whole cargo. [From BULGE.] 

SYN. Size; hugeness; dimensions; vol- 
ume; bigness; amplitude; largeness; bulki- 
ness; massiveness; majority; mass; body; 
gross. ANT. Tenuity; minority; portion; 
section; contraction; particle. 

BULKHEAD (bulk'hed), n. Partition separating 
one part of a ship between decks from another. 

BULKINESS (bulk'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
bulky. 

BULKY (bulk'i), a. [comp. BULKIER; superl. 
BULKIEST.] Having bulk; of great size. 

BULL (bol), n. [fern. COW.] 1. Male of a bovine 
animal. 2. Male of various other large ani- 
mals, the walrus, for instance. 3. Stock Ex. 
One who favors a rise in the price of stocks, 
grain, etc. 4. [B-] Astron. Constellation 
Taurus; sign of the constellation. [From the 
root of BELLOW.] 

BULL (bol), vt. [pr.p. BULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BULLED (bold).] Endeavor to cause an ad- 
vance of, as prices in stocks, etc. 

BULL (boD» n. Edict of the Pope which has his 
seal affixed. [L. bulla, seal.] 

BULL (bol), n. Ludicrous blunder; gross in- 
consistency in speech. 

BULL-BAITING (bol'bat-ing), n. Old English 
sport, now prohibited, of setting dogs upon 
a bull to harass it. 

BULL-BRIER (bolbri-er), n. Bol. Species of 
large brier growing in many parts of North 
America. Called also bamboo-brier. 

BULL-CALF (bol'kaf), n. 1. Male calf. 2. 
Stupid fellow. 

BULLDOG (bol'dog), n. 1. Kind of dog of great 
courage and tenacious grip; formerly used 
for baiting bulls. 2. Short-barreled pistol. 

BULLDOZE (bol'doz), vt. [pr.p. BULL'DOZING; 
p.t. and p.p. BULLDOZED (bol'dozd).] In- 






fate, i'at, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh-ch in Scotch loch. ' 






BULLET 



165 



BUMPER 



timidate by menace; overawe by threats or 
show of force or violence. (Slang.) 

BULLET (bol'et), n. 1. Formerly, a small ball 
of lead, used as a projectile. 2. Any kind of 
projectile discharged from a rifle, pistol, or 
similar weapon. [Fr. boulet, dim. of boule, 
ball.] 

BULLETIN (bol'e-tin), n. i. Report of a state 
of facts issued by authority. 2. Any placarded 
announcement. 3. Periodic publication, re- 
cording the proceedings of an association or 
society. [Fr.] 

BULLETIN (bol'e-tin), vt. {pr.p. BULLETIN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. BULLETINED (bol'e-tind).] 
Announce by means of a bulletin. 

BULLETIN-BOARD (bol'e-tin-bord), n. Board 
on which bulletins are pasted, as that in a 
newsroom, whereon are posted the notices 
of latest intelligence. 

BULLET-PROOF (bol'et-prof), a. Capable of 
resisting a bullet. 

BULL-FIGHT (bol'flt), n. Spanish sport in 
which men fight in an arena with an excited 
bull. 

BULLFINCH ( b o 1 ' - 
finch), n. Pretty 
singing bird about 
the size of a sparrow, 
common in many 
parts of Europe. < 

BULLFROG (bol'frog), 
n. Zool. Species of 
large North-Ameri- 
can frog, the Maria 
caterbiana, which 
croaks with a deep 
bellowing sound. 

BULLHEAD (bol'hed), 
n. 1. Name given 

to several species of fishes having large heads. 
2. Small black water-insect. 3. Stubborn per- 
son; one who is bullheaded. 

BULLHEADED (bol'hed-ed), a. Having a head 
like a bull's; determined; perverse; stubborn; 
persistent in having one's own way, right or 
wrong. 

BULLION (bol'yun), n. 1. Uncoined gold or 
silver in the mass, or in bricks or bars. 2. 
Bullion-fringe. [O. Fr. bouillon, mass.] 

BULLION-FRINGE (bol'yun-frinj), n. Showy 
metal-covered fringe, that for epaulets being 
made of silk covered with fine gold or silver 
wire. 

BULLIONIST (bol'yun-ist), n. Advocate for a 
metallic currency, or for the limitation of a 
paper one to an amount which renders it 
always convertible into gold. 

BULLIRAG (boli-rag), vt. [pr.p. BUL'LIRAG- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. BULLIRAGGED (bol'i- 
ragd).] Abuse grossly; badger. 

BULLOCK (bol'ok), n. Beef-ox. [A.S.] 

BULL-RING (bol'ring), n. Arena in which bull- 
fights take place. 




Bullfinch (Pyrrhula 
vulgaris). 



BULL Run (bol run), n. River in Eastern 
Virginia. 

BULL'S-EYE (bolz'I), n. 1. Center of a target. 
2. Small circular window or opening. 3. 
Naut. Thick round glass let into a ship's 
ports or deck to admit light. 4. Dark lantern, 
having a glass reflector, opening and closing 
at pleasure. 5. Small cloud with a reddish 
center which in tropical latitudes is regarded 
as portending a storm. 

BULL'S-NOSE (bolz'noz), n. Arch, External 
angle of a polygon, or of two lines which meet 
at an obtuse angle. 

BULL-TERRIER (bol'ter-i-er), n. Cross-breed 
between the bulldog and the terrier. 

BULLY (bol'i), a. [comp. BUL'LIER; superl. 
BUL'LIEST.] 1. Splendid; capital; first-rate. 
2. Quarrelsome; blustering. 

BULLY (bol'i), n. [pi. BUL'LIES.] Blustering 
fellow; noisy, insolent man, who habitually 
seeks to overbear by threats or bluster. 

BULLY (bol'i), v. [pr.p. BUL'LYING; p.t. and 
p.p. BULLIED (bol'id).] I. vt. Overbear with 
blustering menaces. II. vi. Act the part of a 
bully; be noisy and quarrelsome. 

BULRUSH (bol'rush), n. Large strong rush, 
which grows on wet ground. 

BULWARK (bol'wark), n. Fortification; ram- 
part. [From roots of BOLE and WORK.] 

BUM (bum), n. 1. Worthless loafer; bummer. 
2. Carouse; spree. 

BUM (bum), v. [pr.p. BUMMING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUMMED (bumd).] I. vt. Make hum, as a 
top. II. vi. 1. Make a humming noise, as a 
bee. 2. Carouse. 

BUMBAILIFF (bum'bal-if), n. In England, an 
under-bailiff or deputy sheriff. 

BUMBLEBEE (bum'bl-be), n. Large bee of the 
genus Bombus, of which there are numerous 
species, the Bombus terrestris, or common 
bumblebee, being the best known. [O. Dut. 
bommelen, buzz or hum, and BEE.] 

BUMBOAT (bum'bot), n. 1. Supply-boat, espe- 
cially one which attends a ship to supply the 
sailors with articles of provisions, liquors, etc. 
2. Clumsy boat that plies near shore and fur- 
nishes refreshments to those who choose to 
buy. 

BUMKIN (bum'kin), n. Naut. 1. Short boom 
standing from each bow. 2. Small outrigger 
over the stern of a boat. [BOOM and -KIN.] 

BUMMER (bum'er), n. 1. Plundering camp- 
follower. 2. Dissipated loafer. 

BUMP (bump), n. 1. Dull, heavy blow; thump. 
2. Swelling or protuberance produced by a 
blow. 3. Phren. Protuberance on the cra- 
nium, presumed to indicate mental or moral 
qualities. [Imitative.] 

BUMP (bump), vt. [pr.p. BUMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUMPED (burnt).] Strike forcibly against 
anything solid; thump. 

BUMPER (bump'er), n. That which bumps or 
> causes a bump; buffer. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BUMPER 



166 



BUNION 



BUMPER (bump'er), n. Cup or glass filled to 
the brim. [Fr. bombard.] 

BUMPKIN (bum'kin), n. Awkward rustic. 
[Dut. boom, log, and dim. ken.] 

BUMPTIOUS (bump'shus), a. Self-conceited; 
offensively forward. (Colloq.) 

BUMPTIOUSNESS (bump'shus-nes), n. Quality 
of being bumptious. 

BUN, BUNN (bun), n. Kind of small sweet 
cake. [Sc] 

BUNCH (bunch), n. 1. Number of things tied 
together. 2. Tuft or little bundle of things 
fastened in a knot or bow. 3. Cluster of several 
things of the same kind growing together. 4. 
Lump; protuberance. [Ice. bunki.] 

BUNCH (bunch), v. [pr.p. BUNCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUNCHED (buncht).] I. vt. Form or 
fasten in a bunch. II. vu Swell out in a 
bunch or protuberance. 

BUNCHINESS (bunch'i-nes), n. Quality of 
being bunchy. 

BUNCHY (bunch'i), a. 1. Forming a cluster 
or bunch. 2. Having tufts. 3. Swelling; humpy. 

BUNCO, BUNKO (bung'ko), n. Confidence game 
whereby strangers are swindled or robbed. — 
Bunco steerer, decoyer for a bunco game; 
capper. [Sp. banco, bank.] 

BUNCO, BUNKO (bung'ko), vt. [pr.p. BUN'- 
COING; p.t. and p.p. BUNCOED (bung'kod).] 
Swindle or rob by means of the game of bunco. 

BUNCOMBE, BUNKUM (bung'kum), n. Bom- 
bastic talk, made merely for the purpose of 
conciliating popular favor, or gaining public 
applause. [Buncombe county, in N. Carolina, 
from a remark made by a representative in 
Congress from that county that he was "talk- 
ing only for Buncombe."] 

BUND (bund), n. 1. Confederation; league^ 
[Ger.] 2. Term given to roads and embank- 
ments on the water fronts in India and China. 
[Hind, band, dam.] 

BUNDESRAT, BuNDESRATH (bpn'des-rat), n. 
Federal council of the German Empire, or 
that of Switzerland. [Gr. bund, confedera- 
tion, and rat, rath, council.] 

BUNDLE (bun'dl), n. 1. Number of things 
bound together. 2. Package; parcel; roll. 3. 
Group or collection. [A. S. byndel; from 
bindan, bind up.] 

BUNDLE (bun'dl), v. [pr.p. BUN'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. BUNDLED (bun'dld).] I. vt. Tie in a 
bundle. 2. Pack off unceremoniously. II. vi. 
Depart hurriedly or confusedly. 

BUNG (bung), n. 1. Stop- 
per of the hole in a 
barrel or cask. 2. The hole 
itself; bung-hole. 

BUNGALOW (bung'ga-16), 
n. Tent-like, single-storied 
cottage with verandas, 
originated in Bengal, 
India. 

BUNG^OLE (bung'hol), n 




Bungalow. 
Hole in a cask 



through which it is filled, and which is then 
stopped up with a bung. 

BUNGLE (bung'gl), v. [pr.p. BUN'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. BUNGLED (bung'gld).] I. vt. Per- 
form or manage clumsily or awkwardly ; botch. 
II. vi. Act clumsily; blunder. [Etym. doubt- 
ful, probably from Sw. bangla, perform in- 
effectually.] 

BUNGLE (bung'gl), n. Clumsy, awkward per- 
formance; bungled piece of work; botch. 

BUNGLER (bung'gler), n. One who bungles; 
botcher. 

BUNGLESOME (bung'gl-sum), a. Clumsy; 
botchy. 

BUNGLING (bung'gling), a. Clumsy; awkward. 

BUNGLINGLY (bung'gling-li), adv. In a bun- 
gling manner; clumsily; awkwardly. 

BUNION (bun'yun), n. Inflamed swelling on the 
ball joint of the great toe. [O. Fr. bunge, 
swelling.] 

BUNK (bungk), n. 1. Wooden case used for a 
seat during the day, and for a bed at night. 2. 
One of a series of berths arranged in vertical 
tiers. [Sw. bunke, coop.] 

BUNK (bungk), vi. [pr.p. BUNK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUNKED (bungkt).] Sleep in or occupy 
a bed or bunk. 

BUNKER (bung'ker), n. 1. Large bin or recep- 
tacle for anything, as for coal on a ship. 2. 
Golf. Obstacle. [BUNK.] 

BUNKER HlLL (bung'ker nil), n. Hill in 
Charlestown, near Boston, Mass. 

BUNKO (bung'ko), v. and n. Same as BUNCO. 

BUNKUM (bung'kum), n. Same as BUN- 
COMBE. 

BUNN (bun), n. Same as BUN. 

BUNNY (bun'i), n. [pi. BUNNIES.] Familiar 
name for a rabbit. [Gael, bun, stump.] 

BUNT (bunt), n. Naut. Middle perpendicular 
portion of a sail. [Sw. bunt, bundle.] 

BUNT (bunt), vi. {pr.p. BUNTING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUNTED.] Naut. Swell out, as a sail. 

BUNT (bunt), n. Fungus which attacks the 
grains of wheat, filling them with a black 
powder having a most disagreeable odor. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

HUNT (bunt), n. A push or shove; butt. 

BUNT (bunt), v. [pr.p. BUNTING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUNTED.] I. vt. Push against with the 
head; butt. II. vi. Push or shove. [Cor- 
rup. of BUTT.] 

BUNTING (bun'ting), n. 1. Thin woolen stuff 
of which flags are made. 2. Flags collec- 
tively; national colors. [Ger. bunt, party- 
colored.] 

BUNTING (bun'ting), n. One of various flnch- 
like birds of the same group, distinguished 
by their sharp conical bills. [Ger. bunt, party- 
colored.] 

BUNTLINE (bunt'lin), n. Naut. Rope used for 
gathering up the center part of a square sail. 
[BUNT and LINE.] 

BUNYON, n. Same as BUNION. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



BUOY 



167 



BURGUNDY 



BUOY (boi), n. Floating body, formed of wood 
or hollow metal, moor- 
ed over a rock or shoal 
to warn navigators of 
danger. [See BELL- 
BUOY, BREECHES- 
BUOY, LIFE-BUOY, 
and WHISTLING- 
BUOY.] [Dut. boei, 
fetter, buoy.] 

BUOY (boi), vt. [pr.p. 
BUOYING; p.t. and 1 
p.p. BUOYED (bold).] 
1. Mark with a buoy, 
or with buoys. 2. Keep 
from sinking; bear up; 
support; sustain. 

BUOYAGE (boi'aj), n. 
1. Act of providing 
buoys. 2. Buoys tak- 
en collectively; set of 
buoys for service of a 
harbor. 

BUOYANCY (boi'an-si), n. 
buoyant. 2. 




Buoy 



1. Quality of being 
Specific lightness. 3. Elastic- 
ity of spirit; vivacity; cheerfulness. 

BUOYANT (boi 'ant), a. 1. Having a tendency 
to float; floating; light. 2. Cheerful; sprightly. 

BUOYANTLY (boi'ant-li), adv. In a buoyant 
manner. 

BUR, BURR (bur), n. Prickly seed-case, as of 
the chestnut, burdock, etc. [Dan. borre.] 

BURBOT (bur'bot), n. Fresh-water fish of the 
cod family, with a beard on its lower jaw (Lota 
maculosa). [Fr. barbote — L. barba, beard.] 

BURDEN (bur'dn), n. 1. Something borne or 
carried; load. 2. Anything that is grievous, 
wearisome, or oppressive to bear. 3. Quan- 
tity that a ship will carry; cargo. [A. S. 
byrthen, load; from beran, bear.] 

BURDEN (bur'dn), vt. [pr.p. BUR'DENING; 
p.t. and p.p. BURDENED (bur'dnd).] 1. Lay 
a heavy load upon; encumber. 2. Overtax or 
oppress with labor, care, or responsibility. 

BURDEN (bur'dn), n. 1. Part of a song repeated 
at the end of every stanza; refrain. 2. That 
which is often repeated, or on which one 
dwells. [L.L. bur do, drone.] 

BURDENSOME (bur'dn- 
sum), a. Heavy; cumber- 
some ;"oppressive; grievous. 

BURDOCK (bur'dok), n. 
Common wild plant or 
weed, having large, coarse, 
heart-shaped leaves, and 
purplish flowers which 
ripen into globular burs. 
[BUR and DOCK.] 

BUREAU (bu'ro), n. [pi. 
BU'REAUS or BUREAUX 
(bu'roz).] 1. Chest of 
drawers. 2. Department for the transacting 
of public business, 3. Originally, thick, coarse 




Burdock {Arctium 
lappa). 



woolen cloth, or drugget; hence a writing table 
covered with this material, with drawers for 
papers. [Fr.] 

BUREAUCRACY (bu-ro'kra-si), n. [pi. BU- 
REAU'CRACIES.] 1. Government by admin- 
istration bureaus. 2. Officials of such a 
government collectively. 

BUREAUCRAT (bu'ro-krat), n. Advocate of 
bureaucracy. 

BUREAUCRATIC (bu-ro-krat'ik), a. Pertaining 
to bureaucracy. 

BURETTE (bu-ref), n. Chem. Graduated ves- 
sel for dividing a given portion of any liquid 
into 100 or 1,000 equal parts. [Fr.] 

BUR-FISH (bur'fish), n. Variety of swell-fish 
which distends itself into the form of a chest- 
nut bur, found on the Atlantic coast of North 
America. 

BURG (burg), n. Borough. [A. S.] 

BURGANET (burg'a-net), n. Same as BURG- 
ONET. 

BURGEOIS (bur-jois'), n. Same as BOURGEOIS. 

BURGESS (bur'jes), BURGHER (burg'er), n. 
1. Inhabitant of a borough. 2. Citizen or 
freeman. 3. Magistrate of certain towns. 

BURGH (burg), n. Corporate town or borough. 
[Scottish form of BOROUGH.] 

BURGHER (burg'er), n. Inhabitants of a burgh 
or borough. 

BURGLAR (burg'lar), n. One who breaks into 
a house by night with intent to commit a fel- 
ony; one guilty of the crime of burglary. [O. 
Fr. borg, borough, and laire, thief.] 

BURGLARIOUS (burg-la'ri-us), a. Pertaining 
to burglary; involving the crime of burglary. 

BURGLARIOUSLY (burg-la'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
burglarious manner. 

BURGLARIZE (burg'lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. BURG- 
LARIZING; p.t. and p.p. BURGLARIZED 
(burg'lar-Izd).J Burglariously enter; com- 
mit burglary in. (Colloq.) 

BURGLARY (burg'lar-i), n. [pi. BURG'LAR- 
IES.] 1. Common Law. Breaking into a house 
by night, with intent to commit felony. 2. 
Housebreaking, whether committed at night 
or in the daytime. 

BURGOMASTER (burg'o-mast-er), n. Chief 
magistrate of a German or a Dutch town. 

BURGONET (burg'o-net), n. Helmet or steel 
cap worn by soldiers in 16th century. So 
called because the Burgundians were the first 
to wear it. 

BURGOO (bur'go), n. 1. Soup of meat and vege- 
tables highly seasoned, popular in Kentucky, 
served at barbecues. 2. Barbecue; out-door 
feast. 3. Oatmeal seasoned with salt, butter 
and sugar. [Etym. doubtful.] 

BURGRAVE (bur'grav), n. In Germany, an 
hereditary governor of a town or castle; 
also called burggrave. [Ger. burggraf.] 

BURGUNDY (bur'gun-di), n. French wine, so 
called from Burgundy, district where it is 
made. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



BURGUND Y-PITCH 



168 



BURSA 



Burgundy-pitch (bm'gun-di-pich), n . Res- 
in obtained from the white pine, used in the 
compositions of plasters. 

BURIAL (ber'i-al), n. Act of placing a dead 
body in a grave. [See BURY.] 

BURIAL-GROUND (ber'i-al-grownd), n. Ceme- 
tery. 

BURIER (ber'i-er), n. One who buries. 

BURIN (bu'rin), n. 1. Tool for engraving; 
graver. 2. Cutting tool used by a marble- 
worker. 3. Engraver's style of work. [Fr.] 

BURKE (biirk), vt. [pr.p. BURKING; p.t. and 
p.p. BURKED (burkt).] 1. Murder, espe- 
cially by suffocation, for the purpose of selling 
the body for dissection. 2. Smother quietly, 
and get rid of. [From Burke, who in 1828 
committed such murders in Edinburgh, and 
sold the bodies to the doctors.] 

BURL (burl), n. 1. Small knot or lump in thread 
or cloth. 2. Knot in a tree. [Fr. bourre, flock 
of wool.] 

BURL (burl), vt. [pr.p. BURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BURLED (burld).] Pick burls from. 

BURLAP (bur'lap), n. Coarse fabric of jute, 
flax, manila, or hemp, used for bags, wall 
coverings, etc. 

BURLER (burl'er), n. One who dresses cloth; 
one who picks burls from cloth. 

BURLESQUE (bur-lesk'), n. 1. Ludicrous 
representation; caricature. 2. Composition 
in which the contrast between the subject 
and the manner of considering it renders it 
ludicrous. [Fr., from It. burlesco, jest.] 

SYN. Parody; farce; caricature; travesty; 
mimicry; satire; irony; humor; buffoonery. 
ANT. Tragedy; panegyric; requiem. 

BURLESQUE (bur-lesk'), a. Tending to excite 
laughter by burlesque; ludicrous. 

BURLESQUE (bur-lesk), vt. [pr.p. BURLES- 
QUING; p.t. and p.p. BURLESQUED (bur- 
leskt').] Turn to ridicule; parody; travesty; 
caricature. 

BURLESQUER (bur-lesk'er), n. One who bur- 
lesques. 

BURLETTA (bur-let'a), n. Musical farce. [It.] 

BURLINESS (bur'li-nes), n. Stockiness. 

BURLY (bur'li), a. Stocky; bulky. 

BURMA (bur'ma), n. Province of British India. 
Area 236,738 sq. m. 

Burmese (bur-mez'), i. a. 

Of or pertaining to Burma, 
in Farther India, or its lan- 
guage. II. n. Native of 
Burma, or the language of 
Burma. 
BURN (burn), v. [pr.p. 
BURNING; p.t. and p.p. 
BURNT or BURNED 
(burnd).] I. vt. 1. Con- 
sume or injure by fire. 2. 
Subject to the action of fire. 
3. Bake dry or harden, by means of fire. 4. 
Sunburn. 5. Surg. Cauterize. 6. Clicm. 




Burmese. 



Combine with^oxygen. 7. Calcine. II. vi. 1. 
Be on fire. 2. Feel excess of heat. 3. Be 
inflamed with passion. 4. Act as fire; rage. 

BURN (burn), n. 1. Injury or hurt caused by 
fire. 2. Operation of burning, as in brick- 
making. 

BURNABLE (burn'a-bl), a. That may be burned. 

BURNER (burn'er), n. 1. One who burns any- 
thing. 2. Part of a lamp or gas jet from which 
the flame arises. 

BURNING (burn'ing), a. 1. 31uch heated. 2. 
Flaming. 3. Scorching. 4. Fiery; vehement. 

5. Glaring; as, a burning shame. 
BURNING (burn'ing), n. 1. State or condition 

of being consumed by fire. 2. State of in- 
flammation. 

BURNING-GLASS (burn'ing-glas), n. Convex 
lens of large size and short focus, used for 
causing intense heat by concentrating the 
sun's rays on a very small area. 

BURNISH (burnish), v. [pr.p. BURN'ISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. BURNISHED (burn'isht).] I. vt. 
Render smooth, bright, and glossy; polish by 
rubbing. II. vi. Grow bright or glossy. [Fr. 
brunir, make brown.] 

BURNISH (burn'ish), n. Gloss; polish; luster. 

BURNISHER (burn'ish-er), n. 1. One who 
burnishes. 2. Tool used in polishing. 

BURNOOSE (burn'os), n. Loose mantle worn 
by the Arabs. [Fr. burnous; from Arab. 
burnus.] 

BURR (bur), n. 1. Roughness left on metal by 
a cutting tool, such as a graver or turning 
chisel. 2. Fluted reaming tool. 3. Dentist's 
drill having a serrated or file-cut head. 4. 
Triangular chisel. 5. Lobe or lap of the ear. 

6. Round knob of a horn next a deer's head. 
[See BUR.] 

BURR (bur), v. [pr.p. BURRING; p.t. and p.p. 
BURRED (burd).] I. vt. Pronounce with a 
guttural sound in which r is prominent. II. vi. 
Make a guttural sound in which r is promi- 
nent. [Imitated from the sound.] 

BURR (bur), n. 1. Rough guttural pronuncia- 
tion in which r is unduly prominent. 2. 
Whirring or buzzing sound. 

BURRO (bur'6), n. Small Mexican donkey. [Sp.] 

BURROW (bur'6), n. Hole in the ground dug 
by certain animals for shelter or defense. 
[A. S. beorh.] 

BURROW (bur'6), vi. [pr.p. BURROWING; 
p.t. and p.p. BURROWED (bfir'od).] 1. Exca- 
vate a burrow. 2. Work a way underground. 
3. Lodge or lurk in any deep concealed place. 

BURROW (bur'6), n. Barrow, or mound. [A. S. 
beorg, hill.] 

BURROWER (bur'6-er), n. One who or that 
which burrows. 

BURRSTONE, BUHRSTONE (bur'ston), n. 
Silicious stone, much used for millstones. 
[BURR and STONE.] 

BURRY (bur'i), a. Having, or resembling burs. 

BURSA (bur'sa), n. [pi. BUR'S^E.] Anat. Cavity 



fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BURSAR 



169 



BUST 



interposed between surfaces which move on 
each other, as between the integument and 
front of the knee-cap, containing fluid. [L.] 

BURSAR (bur'sar), n. 1. Treasurer or purser. 2. 
In Scottish universities a student who holds 
a beneficiary scholarship. [L. bursa, purse.] 

BURSARY (bur'sa-ri), n. 1. Treasury of a 
college or monastery. 2. Endowment given 
to a student in a university. [Sc] 

BURSE (burs), n. 1. Bursary. 2. Exchange. 
[Fr. bourse.] 

BURST (burst), v. [pr.p, BURSTING; p.t. and 
p.p. BURST.] I. vi. Break or rend open with 
violence. II. vi. 1. Break or fly open sud- 
denly and with violence. 2. Be violently 
disrupted; explode. 3. Break or rush forth 
suddenly or with violence. [A. S. berstan ] 

BURST (burst), n. 1. Sudden breaking forth. 2. 
Sudden explosion or shooting forth. 3. Rup- 
ture ; rent. 

BURSTER (burst'er), n. One who or that which 
bursts. 

BURTHEN (bur'tfm), n. Same as BURDEN. 

BuRTON-ON-TrENT (burtun-on-trent), ». 
Town in England, on the Trent river. 

BURY (ber'i), vt. [pr.p. BURYING; p.t. and p.p. 
BURIED (ber'id).] 1. Inter; deposit in a grave 
or tomb. 2. Cover with earth; embed; hide. 
3. Place (one's self) in retirement. 4. Put 
out of sight; forget and forgive. — Bury the 
hatchet, forget injuries and make peace. [A. S. 
byrgan.] 

BURYING-GROUND (ber 'i-ing-gro wnd), n. 
Cemetery; graveyard. 

BUS (bus), n. Omnibus. (Colloq.) 

BUS-BAR (bus'bar), n. Elec. Rod or bar of 
conducting metal, used in electric-power 
stations to receive the current from all the 
generators. 

BUSBY (buz'bi), n. [pi. BUSBIES.] Tall mili- 
tary bear-skin cap, worn by British hussars 
and artillerymen. 

BUSH (bosh), n. 1. Shrub with numerous and 
close-set branches. 2. Thicket; place overrun 
with shrubs. 3. Anything like a bush; tail 
of a fox. [Ger. busch.] 

BUSH (bosh), v. [pr.p. BUSHING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUSHED (bosht).] I. vt. Prop up with bushes. 
II. vi. Grow thick or bushy. 

BUSH (bosh), n. Mech. 1. Circle or hollow cylin- 
der of metal which lines the box, or hollow, 
of the nave of a wheel in which the axle works. 
2. Any similar lining for a bearing-socket. 
[Dut. bus, box.] 

BUSH (bosh), vt. [pr.p. BUSHING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUSHED (bosht).] Furnish with a bush 
or metal lining, as an axle-bearing. 

BUSHEL (bosh'el), n. Dry measure, containing 
generally 8 gallons or 4 pecks. United States 
standard (Winchester) bushel, 18| inches in 
diameter and 8 inches deep, contains 2,150.42 
cubic inches. [O. Fr^ boissel, small barrel.] 

BUSHEL (bosh'el), «. 1. In England, the bush 




Bushwoman. 



Guerrilla. 



in the nave of a wheel. 2. In the U. S., a 

tailor's thimble. 
BUSHELAGE (bosh'el-aj), n. Mode of levying 

duties and taxes by bushel measurement. 
BUSHELMAN (bosh'el-man), n. One who re- 
pairs garments for tailors. 
BUSHINESS (bosh'i-nes), n. Quality of being 

bushy. 
BUSHING (bosh'ing), n. 1. Bush; metal lining 

for nave of a wheel, etc. 2. Operation of fitting 

a lining of metal in an orifice in which an axis 

or journal turns. 
BUSHMAN (bosh'man), n. 

[fern. BUSHWOMAN.] 1. 

One of a native race in 

South Africa. 2. [b-] Back- 
woodsman. 
BUSHRANGER (bosh'ran- 

jer), n. In Australia, a 

lawless person, often an 

escaped criminal who takes 

to the bush and lives by 

robbery. 
BUSHWHACKER (bosh'- 

hwak-er), n. 1. Back- 
woodsman; bushranger. 2. 
BUSHWHACKING (bosh'hwak-ing), n. 1. Kind 

of warfare by sharpshooters from behind the 

bushes; guerrilla warfare. 2. Trailing through 

woods and streams. 
BUSHY (bosh'i), a. Full of bushes; thick and 

spreading. 
BUSILY (biz'i-li), adv. In a busy manner. 
BUSINESS (biz'nes), n. 1. Employment; trade; 

occupation. 2. Affairs; affair. 

SYN. Avocation; matters; engagement; 

industry; calling; profession; vocation; 

pursuit; function; office; duty; concern; 

transaction. ANT. Idleness; indolence; lazi- 
ness; vacation; pleasure; play. 
BUSIRIS (bu-si'ris), n. Greek Myth. Son of 

Neptune; king of Egypt; he killed all foreign 

visitors to Egypt; slain by Hercules. 
BUSK (busk), n. Piece of steel, whalebone, etc., 

to strengthen a woman's stays in front; 

corset. [Fr. busc.~\ 
BUSK (busk), vt. [pr.p. BUSKING; p.t. and p.p. 

BUSKED (buskt).] Prepare; dress. [Ice. 

buask, prepare one's self.] 
BUSKIN (buskin), n. Boot worn in 

ancient times by actors of tragedy, 

hence the tragic drama. [O. Dut. 

brosekin, kind of bootee.] 
BUSKINED (bus 'kind), a. Wearing 

the buskins; tragic. 
BUSS (bus), v. [pr.p. BUSSING; p.t. 

and p.p. BUSSED (bust).] I. vt. 




II. 



Buskin. 
Kiss. [O. 



Give a smacking kiss to. 

Ger. busseti, kiss.] 
BUSS (bus), n. Smacking kiss. 
BUST (bust), n. 1. Human body from the head 

to the waist. 2. Sculpture representing the 

upper part of the body. [Fr. buste.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii-« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



BUSTARD 



170 



BUTTERNUT 






BUSTARD (bus'tard),». Zool. Bird of the genus 
Otis. The great bustard {Otis tarda), is a 
European bird, and the little bustard ( Otis 
tetrax), inhabits Southern Europe and Africa. 
[Fr. bistard; from L. avis tarda, slow bird.] 




Bustard {Otis tarda). 

BUSTLE (bus'I), v. [pr.p. BUSTLING; p.t. and 
p.p. BUSTLED (bus'ld).] I. vt. Push about; 
jostle. II. vi. Stir about actively. [A. S. 
bysgian, be busy.] 

BUSTLE (bus'I), n. Great stir; hurry; tumult. 

BUSTLE (bus'I), n. Pad or frame, sometimes 
worn by women beneath their dress to expand 
their skirts behind. [Fr. bosse, hump.] 

BU1TLER (bus'ler), n. One who stirs about 
actively; hustler. 

BUST (biz'i),tf. [pr.p. BUS'YING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUSIED (biz 'id).] Make or keep busy; engage; 
interest. [A. S. bysgian; from bysig, active.] 

BUST (biz'i), a. 1. Occupied; with much work 
to be done. 2. Actively employed. 3. 
Bustling; active; diligent; industrious. 4. 
Engaged for the time being; not at leisure. 5. 
6. Meddling; officious. [A. S. bysig.] 

STN. Diligent; industrious; assiduous; 
engrossed; occupied; engaged; plodding; 
restless; alert; omcious; strenuous; trou- 
blesome; pragmatical. ANT. Idle; un- 
employed; inactive; lazy; indolent; sluggish. 

BUSTBODT (biz'i-bod-i), n. One busy about 
others' affairs; meddling person. 

BUT (but), I. prep. Except; barring. II. conj. 
1. Except; except that. 2. Tet. 3. On the 
other hand. 4. Moreover; besides. III. adv. 
Only; simply. [A. S. butan, without.] 

BUTCHER (boch'er), I. n. 1. One whose busi- 
ness it is to slaughter animals for food, or who 
sells meat. 2. One who delights in bloody 
deeds. 3. Bungler; botcher. [Fr. boucher; 
from bouc, buck.] 

BUTCHER (boch'er), vt. [pr.p. BUTCH'ERING; 
p.t. and p.p. BUTCHERED (boch'erd).] 1. 
Slaughter, as an animal for food. 2. Put to a 
bloody death; kill cruelly. 3. Bungle; botch. 

BUTCHER-BIRD (boch'er-berd), n. The shrike. 

BUTCHERING (boch'er-ing), n. Trade of a 
butcher. 



adv. In the man- 
Pertaining to a 



BUTCHER-KNIFE (boch'er-nlf), n. Carving- 
knife. 

BUTCHERLT (boch'er-li), I. 
ner of a butcher. II. a 
butcher. 

BUTCHERT (boch'er-i), n. [pi. BUTCH'EREES.] 

1. Murder of unusual barbarity. 2. Great 
slaughter, with cruelty; carnage. 

BUTLER (but'ler), n. Servant who has charge 
of liquors, plate, etc. [Fr. bouteiUier; from 
bouteiUe, bottle.] 

BUTLERT (but'ler-i), w. [pi. BUT'LERffiS.] 
Butler's pantry; larder. 

BUTMENT (but'ment), n. Abutment. 

BUTT (but), n. 1. Thick and heavy end of any- 
thing. 2. Mark to be shot at. 3. Object of 
ridicule. 4. Limit. 5. Push or thrust given 
by the head of an animal. 6. Mound of earth 
placed to receive the projectile in practice 
with firearms. 7. Metallic ring at the end of 
the hose of a fire-engine. 8. Heavy door- 
hinge. [Fr. but, mark.] 

BUTT (but), v. [pr.p. BUTTING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUTTED.] I. vt. Strike with the head, as a 
ram. II. vi. 1. Perform the act of butting. 

2. Jut; abut. 

BUTT (but), n. Large cask; wine ow#=126 

gallons; beer and sherry butt=108 gallons. 

[Fr. botte, a vessel of leather.] 
BUTTE (but), n. City in Rocky Mountain region 

of S. W. Montana. 
BUTTE (but), n. Detached hill or ridge. [Fr.] 
BUTTER (but'er), n. Substance obtained from 

cream by churning. [A. S. butere; from L. 

butyrum.] 
BUTTER (but'er), vt. [pr.p. BUT'TEREVG; p.t. 

and p.p. BUTTERED (but'erd).] Spread over 

with butter. 
BUTTER (but'er), n. One who or that which 

butts. 
BUTTERCUP (but'er-kup), n. 1. Plant of the 

crow-foot genus, with a cup-like flower of a 

golden yellow, like butter. 2. Flower of the 

plant. 
BUTTERFLT (buf- 

er-fli),n. [pi. BUT'- 

TERFUIES.] Well- 
known winged in- 
sect, including, 

many species of 

great beauty, so 

called, perhaps, 

from one of the 

species being of the 

color of butter. 
BUTTERINE (but'er-en or but'er-in), n. 

cial butter; oleomargarine. 
BUTTERIS (but'er-is), n. Knife for paring a 

horse's hoof. 
BUTTERMILK (but'er-milk), n. Milk that re- 
mains after the churning. 
BUTTERNUT (but'er-nut), n. Edible nut of an 

American tree of the walnut family. 





White Butterfly 
{Pieris Brassicce), 
caterpillar, and 
chrysalis. 

Artifl- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






BUTTERSCOTCH 



171 



BYZANTIUM 



BUTTERSCOTCH (but'er-skoch), n. Kind of 
taffy, made of sugar and butter. 

BUTTERY (but'er-i), a. 1. Having the appear- 
ance or qualities of butter. 2. Not grasping 
firmly. 

BUTTERY (but'er-i), n. [pi. BUT'TERIES.] 1. 
Room in which butter, milk, etc., are kept; 
pantry. 2. In England, a storeroom for pro- 
visions and liquors; in some colleges, a re- 
freshment-room for the students. 

BUTT-HINGE (but'hinj), n. Carp. Hinge 
formed of two plates and interlocking pro- 
jecting pieces which are connected by a pintle. 

BUTT-JOINT (but'joint), n. Carp. Joint in 
which the pieces come square against each 
other endwise. 

BUTTOCK (but'ok),n. 1. Rump; seat. 2. Upper 
rear outline of ship's hull. [From BUTT, end.] 

BUTTON (but'n), n. 1. Knob of metal, bone, 
etc., used to fasten the dress. 2. Knob at 
the end of a foil. 3. Any small knob or pro- 
tuberance. [Fr. bouton.] 

BUTTON (but'n), v. [pr.p. BUT'TONING; p.t. 
and p.p. BUTTONED (but'nd).] I. vt. 1. 
Fasten with buttons, or with a button. 2. 
Furnish with buttons. II. vi. Admit of being 
fastened by buttons. 

BUTTONER (but'n-er), n, 1. One who buttons. 
2. Button-hook. 

BUTTONHOLE (but'n-hol), n. Hole or loop to 
admit a button. 

BUTTONHOLE (but'n-hol), vt. [pr.p. BUTTON- 
HOLING; p.t. and p.p. BUTTONHOLED (buf- 
n-hold).] Take aside and endeavor to influ- 
ence; take by the buttonhole. 

BUTTON-HOOK (but'n-hok), n. Hook for 
grasping a button below the head, in order 
to draw it through the buttonhole and fasten 
it; used principally for shoes and gloves. 

BUTTON WOOD (but'n-wod), n. 1. Sycamore, 
or American plane-tree. 2. Evergreen shrub 
of the West Indies. 

BUTTRESS (but'res), n. 1. Projecting support 
of a wall, built on the outside. 2. Any prop 
or support. [O. Fr. bretescJie, battlement.] 

BUTTRESS (but'res), vt. [pr.p. 
BUT'TRESSING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUTTRESSED (but'rest).] Sup- 
port by a buttress; prop. 

BUTYRACEOUS (but-i-ra'- 
shus), a. 1. Having the quali- 
ties of butter; buttery. 2. 
Yielding butter. [L. butyrum, 
butter, and -ACEOUS.] 

BUT YR ATE (but'ir-at), n. Salt 
of butyric acid. 

BUTYRIC (bu-tir'ik), a. Re- 
lating to or derived from butter. — Butyric 
acid, colorless acid liquid, with a rancid smell, 
obtained from butter. 

BUTYROUS (but'i-rus), a. Same as BUTYRA- 
CEOUS. 

BUXOM (buks'um), a. 1. Having or showing 




Buttress. 



fullness of health and spirit, with liveliness; 
vigorous; healthy; jolly; plump; comely. 2. 
Originally, obedient or obsequious. [A. S. 
bugan, bend, bow.] 

BUY (bi), v. [pr.p. BUYING; p.t. and p.p. 
BOUGHT (bat).] I. vt. 1. Acquire by paying, 
or promising to pay, an agreed-upon price; 
purchase. 2. Acquire for some consideration 
(any real or imagined advantage). 3. Gain 
over by undue means; bribe. II. vi. Make 
a purchase or purchases; engage in the act or 
business of buying. [A. S. byagan.] 

BUYABLE (bi'a-bl), a. Capable of being bought. 

BUYER (bi'er), n. 1. One who buys or makes 
a purchase or purchases. 2. One who en- 
gages in the business of buying; purchasing 
agent. 

BUZZ (buz), v. [pr.p. BUZ'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
BUZZED (buzd).] I. vt. 1. Utter or express 
with a droning sound. 2. Whisper; spread 
abroad, as a report, by whispers. II. vi. 
Make a droning sound, like a bee or fly; whis- 
per. [Imitative.] 

BUZZ (buz), n. 1. Noise of or as of bees or flies. 
2. Whispered report. 

BUZZARD (buz'ard), n. Bird of prey of the 
falcon family. [Fr. busard.] 

BUZZARD'S (buz'ardz) BAY. Inlet of the At- 
lantic on S. E. coast of Massachusetts. 

BUZZER (buz'er), n. Electric alarm similar to 
an electric bell, except that the vibrating 
member makes a buzzing sound instead of 
ringing a bell. 

BUZZ-SAW (buz'sa), n. Circular saw, so called 
from the buzzing sound produced by the rapid- 
ity of its motion. 

BY (bi), I. prep. 1. At the side of; near to. 2. 
Through. II. adv. 1. Near; passing near; 
in presence. 2. Aside; away. — By and by, 
soon; presently. — By the by, by the way; In 
passing. [A. S. bi.] 

BYGONE (bi'gan), I. a. Past. II. n. Past 
event. 

BYLAW (bi'la), n. Supplementary law. 

BYNAME (bi'nam), n. Nickname; name of re- 
proach. 

BYPATH (bi'path), n. Side path. 

BYPLAY (bi'pla), n. Scene carried on apart 
from the main part of the play. 

BYPRODUCT (bl'prod-ukt), n. Secondary, 
incidental or additional product. 

BYSTANDER (bi'stand-er), n. One who stands 
by or near; looker-on. 

BYWAY (bi'wa), n. Private or obscure way. 

BYWORD (bi'wfird), n. 1. Common saying; 
proverb. 2. Word of reproach. 

Byzantine (bi-zan'«n), Byzantian (w- 

zan'shan), I. a. Of or relating to Byzantium. 
II. n. Native or resident of Byzantium. [L. 
Byzantium, Constantinople.] 
BYZANTIUM (bi-zan'shi-um), n. Greek colo- 
nial city, founded 7th century B. C. Now Con- 
stantinople. [L. — Gr. Byzantion.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



172 



CABLE 



» 




C (se), n. [pi. C'S (sez).] 
Third letter and second con- 
sonant in the alphabet. Be- 
fore c, i, and y it has a soft 
sound like that of s, and be- 
fore a, o, u, I, and r it has a 
hard sound like that of k. 
CAAMA (ka/ma), n. Zool. 1. 
South African fox ( Vulpes 
caama). 2. Large antelope (Alcelaphus 
caama); hartbeest. See HARTBEEST. 

CAB (kab), n. 1. Public covered carriage drawn 
by one horse. See HANSOM CAB. 2. Covered 
part of a locomotive which protects the en- 
gineer and fireman. [Abbr. of CABRIOLET.] 

CAB (kab), n. Hebrew dry measure of about 
3 pints capacity, mentioned only in II Kings, 
vi. 25. [Heb. kab.] 

CABAL (ka-bal'), n. 1. Small party united for 
secret design or intrigue, or the intrigue itself. 
2. [C-] Name in English history especially 
given to five unpopular ministers of Charles 
II. (1672), the initials of whose names happen 
to make up the word. [Fr. cabale; from Heb. 
gahbdldh, reception.] 

STN. Party; faction; set; clique; junto; 
plot; conbination; conspiracy; machina- 
tion. ANT. Council; assembly; synod. 

CABAL (ka-bal '), vi. [pr.p. CABALLING; p.t. 
and p.p. CABALLED (ka-bald).] Plot or in- 
trigue secretly with others; join a cabal. 

CABALA (kab'a-la), n. 1. Secret science of the 
Jewish rabbis for the interpretation of the 
hidden sense of Scripture, claimed to be 
handed down by oral tradition. 2. Any occult 
system of doctrine; something hopelessly 
mystical and unintelligible. [Heb. gabbdldh, 
tradition; from gibbel, receive.] 

CABALIS3I (kab'a-lizm), n. Science of the 
cabala. 

CABALIST (kab'a-list), n. One skilled in the 
cabala. 

CABALISTIC (kab-a-lis'tik), CABALISTICAL 
(kab-a-lis'tik-al), a. 1. Relating to the cabala. 
2. Mystical; mysterious; occult. 

CABALISTICALLY (kab-a-lis'tik-al-i), adv. In 
a cabalistic manner; mystically. 

CABALLER (ka-bal'er), n. Plotter or intriguer; 
one who joins in a cabal. 

CABALLERO (ka-ba-lya'ro), n. 1. Spanish 
nobleman or gentleman. 2. Horseman; 
knight; cavalier. [Sp.] 

CABARET (kab'a-ret; Fr. ka-ba-ra'), n. Small 
tavern or inn. [Fr.] 

CABAS (kab'as; Fr. ka-ba'), n. 1. Woman's 
work-basket or reticule. 2. Rush basket or 
pannier. [Fr.] 

CABBAGE (kab'aj), n. 1. Garden vegetable of 
many varieties, usually with closed up leaves 
in the center forming a heart, and all derived 
from Brassica oleracea, or wild sea-cabbage. 
2. Huge terminal bud of some palm trees. 
[0. Fr. cabus; from L. caput, head.] 



CABBAGE (kab'aj), vt. [pr.p. CABBAGING; 
p.t. and p.p. CABBAGED (kab'ajd).] Pur- 
loin; especially said originally of a tailor who 
appropriates portions of a customer's cloth. 
[O. Fr. eabasser; from cabas, theft.] 

CABBAGE (kab'aj), n. Cloth purloined from a 
customer by a tailor. 

CABBY (kab'i), n. [pi. CABBIES.] Cabman. 
(Colloq.) 

CABES (ka'bes), or GaBEZ (ga'bes), «. Gulf 
and town on the Mediterranean coast of 
Africa, S. of Tunis. 

CABIN (kab'in), n. 1. Hut or cottage. 2. Small 
room. 3. Compartment in a vessel for officers, 
or passengers. [Fr. cabane — Wei. caban.] 

CABIN (kab'in), v. [pr.p. CABINING; p.t. and 
p.p CABINED (kab'ind).] I. vt. Shut up as 
in a cabin. II. vi. Dwell in a cabin. 

CABIN-BOY (kab'in-boi), n. Boy who waits 
on the officers or those who occupy the 
cabin of a ship. 

CABI::eT (kab'in-et), n. 1. Sma^l room, closet, 
or private apart- 
ment. 2. Case 
of drawers for ar- 
ticles of value. 3. 
Private room for 
consultation. 4. 
Body of men com- 
posing the heads 
of the several ad- 
ministrative de- 
partments of a 
government; the 
advisory council 
of a monarch or 
president. 5. Se- 
cret council of a Printer's Cabinet. 
church. 6. Council chamber. 7. Place for 
scientific or art collections; also the collection 
itself. 8. Print. Receptacle in which cases 
of i< ) type are arranged after the manner of 
sliding drawers. [Fr., dim. of cabane, hut.] 

CABINET (kab'in-et), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to a cabinet or council of state. 2. Of small 
and neat size, suitable for a cabinet. 

CABINET-MAKER (kab'in-et-ma'ker), n. Maker 
of household furniture. 

CABIRI (ka-bi'ri), n. Greek Myth. The seven 
planets of "Justice" worshiped by the Greeks 
and Phenicians, and whose influence was 
supposed to be more or less beneficent and 
propitious. 

CABLE (ka'bl), w. 1. Strong rope or chain 
which ties anything, especially a ship to her 
anchor. 2. Nautical measure of 100 fathoms. 

3. Conductor for submarine telegraphy, com- 
posed of wires embedded in gutta-percha 
and encased in coiled strands of iron wire. 

4. Bundle of insulated wires strung overhead 
or laid underground in a street, for conducting 
electric currents. [Fr., from L.L. caplum, 
halter.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gucle; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CABLE 



173 



CADDICE 



CABLE (ka'bl), v. [pr.p. CA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. 
CABLED (ka'bld).] I. vt. 1. Provide with a 
cable. 2. Tie up or make fast by a cable. 3. 
Communicate with by means of submarine 
telegraph. II. vi. Send cablegram. 

CABLE-CAR (ka'bl-kar), n. Car, the motive 
power of which is a wire cable, forming an 
endless belt, that is drawn through a sub- 
terranean channel by powerful stationary 
engines at some point along the line. 

CABLEGRAM (ka'bl-gram), n. Message sent 
by submarine cable. [CABLE and -GRAM.] 

CABLE-LAID (ka'bl-lad), a. Formed like a rope 
of wire or cordage made by having rope 
strands laid in one direction while the entire 
finished cable-laid rope is laid the reverse of 
the strands. 

CABLE' S-LENGTH (ka'blz-length), n. Naut. 
100 fathoms; 600 feet; or about one tenth of 
a nautical mile. 

CABLE WAT (ka'bl-wa), n. Traction by rope 
or cable whereby passengers and freight are 
transported in cars hung on cables suspended 
in the air from high towers; telpherage. 

CABMAN (kab'man), n. [pi. CAB'MEN.] One 
who drives a cab for hire. 

CABOODLE (ka-bo'dl), n. Crowd; company; 
collection. (Colloq.) 

CABOOSE (ka-bos'), n. 1. Kitchen or cook's 
galley of a ship. 2. Car for use of the crew 
of a freight train; tool car. [Dut. combuis, 
cook's room.] 

CABRIOLET (kab-ri-6-la'), **. Covered carriage 
with two or four wheels drawn by one horse; 
cab. [Fr., dim. of cabriole, leap.] 

CaBUL. See Kabul. 

CACAO (ka-ka'6), n. 1. Tree (Theobroma 
cacao), from the seeds of which chocolate is 
made; chocolate-tree. 2. The seeds of this 
tree; chocolate-nuts. See CHOCOLATE. [Sp., 
from 31 ex. cacanatl, cacao.] 

CACAO-BUTTER (ka-ka'6-but'er), n. Solidified 
oil from seeds of the Theobroma cacao used 
in medicinal and toilet preparations. 

CACHALOT (kash'a-lot), n. Sperm whale. [Fr.] 

CACHE (kash), n. 1. Hiding place for treasure, 
for stores of provisions, ammunition, etc. 
2. Stores so hidden. [Fr., from cacher, hide.] 

CACHE (kash), vt. [pr.p. CACHING; p.t. and 
p.p. CACHED (kasht).] Store in a cache; 
conceal or hide in the earth. 

CACHET (kash-a')» n. Seal; any distinctive 
stamp. — Lettre de cachet, letter under the 
private seal of France under the old regime, 
by which the royal pleasure was made known 
to individuals, and the administration of 
justice often interfered with. [Fr.] 

CACHIBOU (ka-shi-bo'), n. Aromatic resin of 
the gumbo-limbo tree of San Domingo. 

CACHINNATION (kak-i-na'shun), n. Loud 
laughter. [L.] 

CACHOLONG (kash'o-lang), n. Variety of 
quartz or of opal, generally of a milky color. [Fr.] 



Ill-smelling efllu- 



CACHOU (ka-sho'), n. Aromatic pellet to purify 
or sweeten the breath, used by smokers. [Fr.] 

CACIQUE (ka-sek'), n. Native chief among the 
Indians of the West Indies. [Haytian.] 

CACIQUISM (ka-sek'izm), n. Despotic Mexican 
system by which caciques, political bosses, 
nominally elected, really appointed by one 
higher in authority, enrich themselves at the 
expense of the people through power over 
land, water-rights, fines, and women. 

CACKLE (kak'l), n. 1. Cries of a hen after laying: 
an egg. 2. Gabble of a goose. 3. Silly talk. 

CACKLE (kak'l), vi. [pr.p. CACK'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. CACKLED (kak'ld).] 1. Make a noise 
like the cry of a hen. 2. Gabble like a goose. 
3. Chatter. 4. Giggle; chuckle. 

CACKLER (kak'ler), n. One that cackles. 

CACOLOGY (kak-ol'o-ji), n. Bad choice of 
words; bad pronunciation. [Gr. kakos, bad, 
and logos, word.] 

CACOMIXLE (kak'o-mis-1), n. Zool. South 
American racoon. 

CACOPHONIC (kak-o-fon'ik), CACOPHONOUS 
(kak-of'o-nus), a. Ill-sounding; harsh; op- 
posed to EUPHONIOUS. 

CACOPHONY (kak-of'o-ni), n. 1. Disagreeable 
sound. 2. Discord of sounds; opposed to 
EUPHONY. [Gr. kakos, bad, and phone, 
sound.] 

CACOSMIA (ka-kos'mi-a), 
via. 

CACTUS (kak'tus), n. [pi. 
CACTI (kak'ti), or CAC- 
TUSES.] American 
plant of many varieties, 
generally leafless, the 
green rind of the glob- 
ular, columnar, or flat- 
tened stem serving as 
foliage; it is armed with 
prickles or clusters of 
often formidable spines. 
[L. from Gr. kaktos, a 
prickly plant.] 

CACUS (ka'kus), n. Bom. 
Myth. Son of Vulcan, 
size, who stole the cattle of Hercules, and for 
which Hercules slew him. 

CAD (kad), n. Low, mean, vulgar-bred fellow. 
[Short for CADET.] 

CADAVER (ka-da'ver), n. Corpse. [L.] 

CADAVEROUS (ka-dav'er-us), a. Resembling 
a dead body; ghastly; sickly-looking. 

SYN. Pallid; hueless; pale; bloodless; 
ashy. ANT. Sanguine; rosy; incarnedine. 

CADAVEROUSLY (ka-dav'er-us-li), adv. In 
a cadaverous manner or form. 

CADAVEROUSNESS (ka-dav'er-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being cadaverous. 

CADDICE, CADDIS (kadis), n. Larva of the 
European May-fly. It is also called caddis-fly 
and caddis-worm, and is said to be excellen 
bait for trout. [Etym. doubtful.] 




Melon Cactus (Melo- 
cactus communis). 

a giant of immense 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CADDIE 



174 



CAIRN 



» 



CADDIE (kad'i), n. Small boy who attends a 
golfer at play, carrying his clubs. [CADET.] 

CADDY (kadi), n. [pi. CADDIES.] 1. Small 
box for holding tea. 2. Tin can with a lid. 
[Malay, kati, pound.] 

CADE (kad), n. Barrel or cask. [Fr., from L. 
cadus, cask.] 

CADE (kad), n. Lamb or colt brought, up by 
hand; pet lamb. [Etym. unknown.] 

CADENCE (ka'dens), n. 1. Fall of the voice at 
the end of a sentence. 2. Tone; sound; mod- 
ulation. 3. Mil. Uniformity in step or pace. 
4. Music, (a) 3Iodulation of the bars or 
clauses, (b) Close, the device which in music 
answers to the use of stops in language. [Fr. 
from L. cado, fall.] 

CADENCE (ka'dens), vt. [pr.p. CA'DENCING; 
p.t. and p.p. CADENCED (ka'denst).] Write 
or sing in cadence; regulate by rhythmical 
measure. 

CADENCY (ka'den-si), n. 1. Regularity of move- 
ment. 2. In heraldry, the relative status 
of younger sons. 

CADENE (ka-den'), n. Low-grade Turkish rug. 

CADENT (ka'dent), a. 1. In cadence; regulated 
in measure. 2. Falling. 

CADENZA (ka-den'za), n. Music. Flourish 
given by a solo voice or instrument at the 
close of a movement. [It.] 

CADET (ka-det 7 ), n. 1. Student in a military 
or naval school. 2. One who serves in the 
British army as a private, in order to acquire 
skill and obtain a commission. [Fr., formerly 
capdet; from L. L. capitetum, dim. of caput, 
head.] 

CADI, KADI (ka'di), n. Chief judge or magistrate 
in Mohammedan countries. [Arab, gddi, 
judge.] 

CADIZ (ka/diz), n. Atlantic seaport in S. W. 
Spain; capital of the province of the same 
name. 

CAD MEAN (kad-me'an), a. Relating to Cadmus, 
who introduced the original Greek alphabet. 

CADMIA (kad'mi-a), n. Oxide of zinc, contain- 
ing from 10 to 20 per cent, of cadmium. [Gr. 
kadmia; from BZadmos, Cadmus.] 

CADMIUM (kad'mi-um), n. White metal oc- 
curring in zinc ores. [See CADMIA.] 

CADMUS (kad'mus), n. Greek Myth. The re- 
puted inventor of letters; his alphabet con- 
sisted of sixteen letters; he slew the Boeotian 
dragon, and sowed its teeth in the ground, 
from each of which sprang up an armed man; 
son of Agenor, king of Phenicia. 

CADRANS (kad'rans), n. Instrument by which 
a gem is adjusted while being cut. [Fr. cad- 
ran, quadrant.] 

CADUCEUS (ka-du'se-us), n. Bom. Myth. 
Rod carried by Mercury, consisting of a wand 
surmounted with two wings and entwined by 
two serpents. [L., from Gr. kerukeion, herald's 
staff.] 

CADUCITY (ka-du'si-ti), n. Inclination to fall. 



CADUCOUS (ka-du'kus), a. Biol. Falling or 
dropping off early as leaves or the gills of a 
tadpole. [L. caducus, falling; from cado, fall.] 

C^ECAL (se'kal), a. Pertaining to the caecum; 
terminating in a closed end. 

CAECUM (se'kum), n. [pi. CE'CA or CiE'CUMS.] 
1. Blind sac or pouch. 2. Sac-like beginning 
of the large intestine, near the insertion of the 
small intestine, situated in the right iliac re- 
gion. [L., from cwcus, blind.] 

CAEN (kong), n. Capital of the Department of 
Calvados, France, on Orne River. 

CAESAR (se'zar), n. Absolute monarch; auto- 
crat. [From Caius Julius Ccesar, Roman 
dictator (100-44 B. C.).] 

CESAREAN (se-za're-an), a. Relating to Julius 
Caesar. 

C^ESARISM (se'zar-izm), n. Imperialism; 
despotism. 

CAESIUM (sez'i-um), n. Silver-white, soft, and 
extensile alkaline metal, almost always found 
along with rubidium. [L. ccesius, bluish- 
gray.] 

C^SURA, CESURA (se-zhu'ra), n. Pros. 1. 
Syllable cut off at the end of a word after com- 
pletion of a foot. 2. Pause in a verse. [L.] 

CAFE (ka-fa/), n. Coffee-house; restaurant. [Fr.] 

CAFETERA (ka-fe-ta'ra), n. Restaurant or 
lunch room where patrons wait on them- 
selves. [Sp., coffee-service.] 

CAFFEIC (kaf-fe'ik), a. Chem. Derived from 
coffee. [Fr. cafjeique; from cafe, coffee.] 

CAFFEINE (kaf-fe'in), n. Alkaloid or active 
principle of coffee. [Fr.] 

CAFTAN (kaftan), n. Persian or Turkish under- 
coat. [Turk, quaftan.] 

CAGE (kaj), n. 1. Place of confinement. 2. 
Box made of wire and wood for holding birds 
or small animals. 3. Framework supporting 
a peal of bells. 4. Mining. Frame with one 
or more platforms for cars, used in hoisting 
in a vertical shaft. 5. Square barred box in 
which criminals are kept in China under pun- 
ishment. The criminal's head protrudes 
from a hole in the top of the cage. [Fr., from 
L. cavea, hollow place.] 

CAGE (kaj), vt. [pr.p. CA'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAGED (kajd).] Imprison in a cage or other 
place of confinement. 

SYN. Confine; immure; incarcerate. 
ANT. Free; liberate; unbar; dismiss. 

CAGELING (kaj ling), n. Bird kept in a cage. 

CAGE- WORK (kaj'wurk), n. Openwork like 
the bars of a cage. 

CAHOOT (ka-hof), n. Company or partner- 
ship. (Colloq.) 

CAIQUE (ka-ek')» n. Light rowing boat used in 
the Bosphorus. [Fr., from Turk. kaikJ] 

CAIRD (kard), n. Tramping tinker; gipsy; 
vagrant; tramp. [Gael. ceard.~\ 

CAIRN (karn), n. Heap of stones, especially one 
raised over a grave, or as a landmark on a 
mountain top. [Celt, earn.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CAIRO 



175 



CALCICOSIS 



CAIRO (ki'ro), n. Capital of Egypt. Founded 
about 970 A. D. Great pyramids in its vicinity. 

C/AIRO (ka/ro), n. City of Illinois, at confluence 
of Ohio and Mississippi rivers. 

CAISSON (ka'sun), n. 1. Mil. Ammunition 
chest or wagon. 2. Engin. Wooden water- 
tight casing, especially one in which work is 
done under water. 3. Naut. Pontoon or 
floating gate used to close a dry-dock. [Fr., 
from caisse, case or chest.] 

CAITIFF (ka'tif), I. n. 31ean, despicable fellow. 
II. a. Base; cowardly. [O. Fr. caitif; from 
L. captivus, captive.] 

CAJOLE (ka-jol), v. [pr.p. CAJO'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. CAJOLED (ka-jold).] I. vt. 1. Coax. 
2. Cheat or deceive by flattery. II. vi. Make 
use of flattery in order to deceive. [Fr. cajoler.] 

SYN. Flatter; wheedle; caress; entrap; 
decoy; entice; inveigle. ANT. Chide; rate; 
scold; warn; compel. 

CAJOLER (ka-jo'ler), n. One who cajoles. 

CAJOLERY (ka-jo'ler-i), n. Act of cajoling; 
deceitful persuasion. 

CAJOLINGLY (ka-jo'ling-li), adv. In a cajoling 
manner. 

CAJUPUT (kaj'u-put), n. Tree from the leaves 
of which a pungent, volatile, aromatic oil is 
distilled. [Malay.] 

CAJUPUTENE (kaj-u-put-en'), n. Essence of 
the oil of cajuput. 

CAKE (kak), n. 1. Sweetened dough, or com- 
position of flour, eggs, butter, sugar, etc., 
baked or otherwise cooked. 2. Any mass of 
matter concreted. [Ice. kaka.] 
}AKE (kak), v. [pr.p. CA'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAKED (kakt).] I. vt. Form into a cake or 
hard mass. II. vi. Become coagulated or 
formed into a cake. 
)AKE-WALK (kak'wak), n. Exhibition of 
graceful walking, formerly peculiar to the 
negroes of the southern U. S., a cake being 
awarded as a prize to the most graceful walkers. 
/ALABA (kal'a-ba), n. Balsam-producing tree 

of South American tropics. 
CALABASH (kal'a-bash), n. 
1. Gourd plant or its 
fruit. 2. Tree of tropical 
America bearing a large 
melon-like fruit, the shell 
of which is also called a 
calabash, and is used for domestic purposes, 
as holding liquids, etc. [Fr. calebasse; from 
Sp. calabaza; Pers. kharbuz, melon.] 
"ALABOOSE (kal'a-bos), n. Temporary prison; 
jail; lock-up. [Sp. c-alabozo, dungeon.] 

CALABRIA (k^-la'bri-a), n. South western 
part of Italy. 

CalADIUM (ka-la'di-um), n. 1. Genus of 
plants of the Arum family, with edible starchy 
root-stocks. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus. 
[Malay, kelady.] 

CALAIS (kal'is; Fr.ka-laOjn. 1. City in France, 
opposite Dover. 2. (kal'is). City in Marne. 




Carved Calabashes. 



CALAMANCO (kal-a-mangko), n. Satin- 

twilled woolen fabric, checkered or brocaded 
in the warp. [Sp. calamaco.] 
CALAMBAC (kal-am-bak'), n. Fragrant in- 
cense-wood tree from East India. [Malay.] 
CALAMIFORM (ka-lam'i-farm), a. Shaped dke 
a withe or reed. [L. calamus, reed, and FORM.] 
CALA3IINE (kal'a-min), n. Important ore con- 
sisting principally of carbonate of zinc. [Fr.] 
CALAMINT (kal'a-mint), n. Labiate plant closely 

allied to balm and thyme. [L. calaminthe.] 
CALAMITOUS (ka-lami-tus), a. Making 

wretched; disastrous. 

SYN. Fatal; ill-omened; inauspicious; 
unlucky; unfortunate. ANT. Fortunate; 
favorable; felicitous; propitious. 
CALAMITOUSLY (ka-lam'i-tus-li), adv. In a 

calamitous manner; disastrously. 
CALAMITOUSNESS ( ka-lam'i-tus-nes ), n. 
Quality of causing distress; distress; misery. 
CALAMITY (ka-lam'i-ti), n. [pi. CALAMITIES.] 
Great misfortune; affliction; disaster. [Fr. 
calamite; from L. calamitas.] 

SYN. Hardship; reverse; mishap; catas- 
trophe; trouble. ANT. Blessing; boon. 
CALAMUS (kal'a-mus),w. 1. Genus of palms, 
one species of which yields the resin called 
dragon's blood. 2. [c-] Root of the sweet-flag. 
3. Reed anciently used as a pen. 4. Wind 
instrument, made of a reed. [L., from Gr. 
kalatnos, reed.] 
CALAPITE (kal'a-pit), n. Ivory-like kernel 
growth sometimes found inside of cocoanut. 
CALASH (ka-lash'), n. 1. Light low- wheeled 
carriage with a folding top. 2. Hood or folding 
top of a carriage. 3. Silk and whalebone hood 
formerly worn by women. [Fr. caleche; Ger. 
kalesche; from Russ. koleso, wheel.] 
CALATHIFORM (kara-thi-farm), a. Having 

shape like a bowl or cup; cup-shaped. 
CALCANEOUS (kal-ka'ni-us), n. Pathol. Club- 
foot in which only the heel can be used. [L. 
calcaneum, heel.] 
CALCAR (kal'kar), n. 1. Calcinating furnace 
used in glassworks. 2. Arch over oven for 
annealing. [L. calcaria, lime-kiln.] 
CALCAR (kal'kar), n. [pi. CALCAR'IA.] Spur, 

or spur-like projection. [L.] 
CALCARATE (kal'kar-at), CALCARATED (kal'- 

kar-a-ted), a. Spurred. 
CALCAREOUS (kal-ka're-us), a. Partaking of 
the nature of lime; containing lime. [L. cal- 
carius, from calx, lime.] 
CALCAREOUSNESS (kal-ka're-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being calcareous. 
CALCATE (kal'kat), vt. [pr.p. CAL'CATING; p.U 
and p.p. CAL'CATED.] Crunch or crush with 
the heel. 
CALCEDONY (kal-sed'o-ni), n. See CHALCED- 
ONY. 
CALCHAS (kal'kas), n. Greek Myth. Sooth- 
sayer at'siege of Troy, son of Thestor. 
CALCICOSIS (kal-si-ko'sis), n. Lung trouble 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotoh gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CALCIFEROUS 



17G 



CALENDER 



caused by breathing air impregnated with 
stone dust. [L. calx, calcis, lime.] 

CALCIFEROUS (kal-sif'er-us), a. Min. Con- 
taining or yielding calcite. 

CALCIFICATION (kal-si-fi-ka'shun), n. Process 
of calcifying or being converted into a stony 
substance by the deposition of lime salts. 

CALCIFORM (kal'si-farm), a. In the form of 
chalk or lime. 

CALCIFY (kal'si-fi), v. [pr.p. CAL'CIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CALCIFIED (kal'si-fid).] I. vt. 
Make calcareous. II. vi. Become calcareous; 
turn into bony tissue. [L. calx, lime, and faclo, 
make.] 

CALCIMINE (kal'si-mln), n. White or tinted 
wash for ceilings, walls, etc., consisting of 
whiting, with glue, salt, water, etc. [L. calx, 
calc-, lime.] 

CALCIMINE (kal'si-mln), vt. [pr.p. CAL'CI- 
MINING; p.t. and p.p. CALCIMINED 
(kal'si-mind).] Wash over with calcimine. 

CALCINABLE (kal'sin-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being calcined. 

CALCINATION (kal-si-na'shun), n. Operation 
of expelling from a substance, by heat, water 
or other volatile matter combined with it, 
and thus reduce it to a friable state. 

CALCINE (kal'sin), v. [pr.p. CALCINING; p.t. 
and p.p. CALCINED (kal'sind).] I. vt. 1. Re- 
duce to powder or a friable state by heat. 2. 
Reduce (a metal) to an oxide. II. vi. Be re- 
duced to powder; become calcined. [Fr. cal- 
ciner ;^from L. calx (genitive calcis), lime.] 

CALCITE (kal'sit), n. Min. Native calcium 
carbonate, or carbonate of lime, also called 
calcareous spar and calcspar. [L. calx, lime.] 

CALCITRANT (kal'si-trant), o. Kicking; re- 
fractory. [L. calcitro, kick.] 

CALCIUM (kal'si-um), n. Chem. Metallic base 
of lime. [L. calx (genit. calcis), lime.] 

CALCIUM-CARBIDE (kal'si-um-kar-bid), n. 
Compound of calcium and carbon, a grayish 
powder, which, when subjected to the action 
of water, rapidly generates acetylene, the lime 
being precipitated. 

CALCIUM-LIGHT (kal'si-um-lit), n. Drum- 
mond light, more commonly called lime-light, 
produced by directing streams of oxygen and 
hydrogen, inflamed, upon a ball of lime. 

CALC-SPAR (kalk'spar), n. Same as CALCITE. 

CALCULABLE (kal'ku-la-bl), a. Capable of 
being calculated. 

CALCULATE (kal'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. CALCULA- 
TING ; p.t. and p.p. CALCULATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Count or reckon. 3. Think out. 3. Adapt; 
fit (only passive, with for). 4. Purpose; in- 
tend. II. vi. 1. Make a calculation. 2. 
Estimate; count; reckon. 3. Believe or 
think. (Colloq). [L. calculatus, p.p. of calculo, 
reckon by means of pebbles; from calculus, 
pebble, dim. of calx, lime.] 

SYN. Compute; analyze; canvass; audit; 
rate; value; determine; adjust; consider; 



weigh. ANT. Conjecture; guess; chance; 
risk; stake. 

CALCULATING (kal'ku-la-ting), o. 1. Given 
to forethought. 2. Deliberately selfish and 
scheming. 

SYN. Sagacious; cautious; circumspect; 
wary. ANT. Rash; improvident; incau- 
tious; thriftless. 

CALCULATION (kal-ku-la'shun), n. 1. Art or 
process of calculating. 2. Estimate. 3. 
Forecast. 

CALCULATIVE (kal'ku-la-tiv), a. Relating to 
calculation. 

CALCULATOR (kal'ku-la-tur), n. 1. One who 
calculates. 2. Machine for making arith- 
metical calculations. 

CALCULOUS (kal'ku-lus), CALCULOSE (kal'- 
ku-loz), a. 1. Stony or like stone; gritty. 2. 
Pathol. Affected with calculus. [L. calculus, 
pebble.] 

CALCULUS (kal'ku-lus), n. [pi. CALCULI (kal'- 
ku-li).] 1. Pathol. Stone-like secretion which 
forms in certain parts of the body. 2. Math. 
Method of calculating by means of algebraic 
symbols. [L., little stone, pebble; dim. of calx, 
lime, stone.] 

CALCUTTA (kal-kut'a), n. Capital of British 
India and Bengal, on Hugh mouth of Ganges 
River. Commercial center. 

CALDRON (kal'drun), n. Large kettle or boiler. 
[O. Fr. caudron; from L. caldariaj] 

C ALE AN (kal'e-an), n. East Indian hookah, 
narghile, or water pipe. 

CALEDONIAN (kal-e-do'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to Caledonia, or Scotland. II. n. Scotch- 
man. 

CALEFACIENT (kal-e-fa'shent), I. a. Causing 
or exciting heat or warmth. II. n. Med. 
Application that warms; blister or superfi- 
cial stimulant. [L. calefaciens, pr.p. of cole- 
facio, make hot; calidus, hot, and facio, make.] 

CALEFACTION (kal-e-fak'shun), n. 1. Act of 
heating. 2. State of being heated. 

CALEFY (kal'e-fij, v. [pr.p. CAL'EFYING; p.U 
and p.p. CALEFIED (kal'e-fid).] I. vt. Make 
warm. II. vi. Grow warm. 

CALENDAR (kal'en-dar), n. 1. Table of months, 
days, and seasons; almanac. 2. List of doc- 
uments arranged chronologically, with sum- 
maries of contents. 3. List of canonized 
saints. 4. Law. List or register of cases to 
be tried. — Calendar month, solar month as it 
stands in almanacs, as January 31 days, June 
30 days, February 28 or 29 days. [L. calen- 
dar ium.~\ 

CALENDAR (kal'en-dar), vt. [pr.p. CALENDAR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CALENDARED (kal'en- 
dard).] Enter in a calendar. 

CALENDER (kal'en-der), n. 31achine consisting 
of two or more rollers for smoothing and 
dressing cloth, paper, etc. [Fr. calandre, 
cylinder.] 

CALENDER (kal'en-dgr), vt. [pr.p. CAL'ENDER- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CALENDS 



177 



CALLING 




Calendula (C. officinalis). 



ING; p.t. and p.p. CALENDERED (kal'en- 
derd).] Press in a calender. 

CALENDS (kal'endz), n. First Day of each Ro- 
man month. [L. calendce — Gr. haled, call (the 
first of the month was called or proclaimed).] 

CALENDULA (ka-len'du-la),n. Genus of plants 
the marigolds. [L. 
calendce, calends.] 

CALENTURA (ka-len- 
to'ra), n. Pathol. Ma- 
larial fever of South 
American countries. 
[Sp. calentura, fever.] 

CALESCENCE (ka-les'- 
ens), n. Increasing 
warmth. [L.calescense ! 
pr.p. of calesco, grow 
warm.] 

CALF (kaf), n. [pi. 

CALVES (kavz).] 1. Young of the cow and 
of some other animals, as marine mammals. 
2. Calfskin leather. 3. Stupid or cowardly 
person. (Colloq.) [A. S. cealf.] 

CALF (kaf), n. [pi. CALVES (kavz).] Fleshy 
hinder part of the leg below the knee. 

CALIBER, CALIBRE (kal'i-ber), n. 1. Diameter 
of the bore of a gun; internal diameter of a 
tube of any kind. 2. Capacity of mind. [Fr. 
calibre, bore of a gun.] 

CALIBRATION (kal-i-bra/shun), n. Act of 
measuring the caliber of a gun or tube. 

CALICO (kal'i-ko), n. [pi. CAL'ICOES.] 1. In 
the U. S., cotton cloth having figured designs 
printed on it. 2. In England, plain white 
cotton cloth, bleached or unbleached. [ Calient, 
in India.] 

I CALICUT (kal'i-kut), n. Seaport on Malabar 
Coast, Madras, British India. 
CALIF, CALIPH (ka'lif), n. Any successor of 
Mohammed; Mohammedan governor. [Fr., 
from Arab, khalifah, successor.] 
CALIFORNIA (kal-i-far'ni-a), n. State of the 
U. S. Area 158,333 sq. m. Capital, Sacra- 
CALIFORNIA (kal-i-far'ni-a), LoWER. Pen- 
insula projecting southward into Pacific Ocean. 
Part of Mexico. Area 58,328 sq. m. 
CALIPASH (kal-i-pash'), n. Part of a turtle next 
to the upper shell. [Etym. doubtful; probably 
from CALABASH.] 
CALIPEE (kal-i-pe'), n. Part of a turtle next to 
the lower shell. 
CALIPERS (kal'i-perz), n.pl. 
Compasses with bent or curved 
legs, suitable for measuring the 
inside or outside diameter of bod- 
ies. [From CALD3ER.] 
CALIPH (ka'lif), n. See CALD7. 
CALISATA (kal-i-sa'ya), n. Variety 

of Peruvian bark ; cinchona. 
CALISTHENIC (kal-is-then'ik), a. 

to calisthenics. 
CALISTHENICS (kal-is-then'iks), 




Calipers. 
Pertaining 



n.pl. 



Ex- 



ercises for the purpose of promoting grace- 
fulness as well as strength of body. [Gr. 
kalos, beautiful, and sthenos, strength.] 

CALIX (ka'liks), n. [pi. CALICES (kal'i-sez).] 
1. Cup or cup-like cavity. 2. Calyx. [L.] 

CALK, CAULK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALKING; p.U 
and p.p. CALKED (kakt).] Stop or stuff; 
make water-tight, as by pressing oakum and 
untwisted rope into the seams of a ship. [O. 
Fr. cauquer, press.] 

CALK (kak), n. 1. Pointed piece of iron on a 
horseshoe to prevent slipping. 2. Piece of 
iron with sharp points worn on the sole of a 
person's shoe for a similar purpose. [L. calx, 
heel.] 

CALK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CALKED (kakt).] Furnish with a calk or 
calks. 

CALK (kak), vt. [pr.p. CALK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CALKED (kakt).] Copy (a drawing) by chalk- 
ing it. [Fr. calquer; from L. calx, lime. 

CALKER (kak'er), n. 1. Calk for a shoe. 2, 
One who calks. 

CALL (kal), v. [pr.p. CALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CALLED (kald).] I. vt. 1. Cry out the name 
of; as, to call a party in court. 2. Summons. 
3. Convoke. 4. Proclaim. 5. Arouse; awake. 

6. Name over; as, call the list of members. 

7. Designate; give a name to. 8. Attribute 
a quality to; as, "he was called great." 9. 
Appoint or designate for any office or position. 
10. Invoke; appeal to. II. vi. 1. Cry aloud, 
in the way of appeal, summons, signal or 
command. 2. Give a signal sound. 3. Make 
a short visit. [A. S. ceallian.] 

CALL (kal), n. 1. Vocal address, summons, or 
citation. 2. Signal sound. 3. Cry of a bird 
to its mate or its young. 4. Demand; claim. 
5. Any signaling device that gives an audible 
signal. 6. Obligation of duty. 7. Short 
visit. 8. Stock Ex. Privilege given to "call" 
for, or demand delivery of stock at a time 
and price fixed. 9. Fowling. Artificial note 
to imitate that of birds, and serve as a decoy. 

CALLA (kal'a), n. Bot. Common house plant, 
( Richardia JEthiopica), a native of the Cape 
of Good Hope, well known by its large spathe 
of pure white, and commonly called calla lily. 

CaLLAO (ka-la'6 or kal-ya'6), n. Chief seaport 
of Peru, on bay of same name. 

CALLING (kal'ing), n. 1. Act of making a call 

of any kind. 2, Vocation; profession; trade. 

CALLIONYMUS (kal-1-on'i-mus), n. Genus of 

slender fishes; the dragon ets. [Gr. kallos, 

beauty, and onoma, name.] 




Calliony mus ( C. ccerulonotatus) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CALLIOPE 



178 



CALYPSO 







CALLIOPE (kal-li'6-pe), h. 1. Greek Myth. The 
muse presiding over epic poetry and rhetoric. 
2. [c-] Instrument producing musical notes 
by means of steam-whistles, played by a key- 
board. [L. Calliope, from Gr. Kalliope, beau- 
tiful, voiced.] 

CALLIOPSIS (kal-i-op'sis), n. Cultivated plant 
of the aster family. 
[Gr. kallos, beauty, 
and opsis, appear- 
ance.] 

CALLIPERS (kal'i- 
perz), n> Same as 
CALIPERS. 

CALLISTHENIC,CAL- 
LISTHENICS. Same 
as CALISTHENIC, 
CALISTHENICS. Calliopsis (C. grandiflora) . 

CALLISTO (kal-lis'to), n. Greek Myth. Daugh- 
ter of Lycaon, king of Arcadia; one of Diana's 
attendants; beloved by Zeus and changed into 
a bear to conceal her from Hera; slain by 
Artemis, and became the constellation 
Arctos. 

CALLOSITY (kal-los'i-ti), n. [pi. CALLOSI- 
TIES.] 1. Hardened or callous skin of any 
part of the body. 2. State of being hardened in 
feeling. [Fr. callosite; from L. callositas, 
callosus.] 

CALLOUS (kal'us), a. 1. Hardened. 2. Unfeel- 
ing or insensible. [L. callus, hard skin.] 

CALLOUSNESS (kal'us-nes), tu State of being 
callous. 

CALLOW (kal'6), a. 1. Unfledged. 2. Inex- 
perienced. [A. S. calu, bald.] 

CALLUS (kal'us), n. Any unnatural hardening 
of the skin; callosity. [L.] 

CALM (kam), a. 1. Still or quiet. 2. Serene; 
unexcited in mind, gesture or language. 
[Fr. calme; from Gr. kauma, noonday heat. 

CALM (kam), n. Absence of commotion; repose; 
serenity. 

CALM (kam), vt. [pr.p. CALMING; p.t. and p.p. 
CALMED (kamd).] Render still or quiet; 
tranquilize; make calm; pacify; appease; 
soothe. 

CALMLY (kam'li), adv. In a calm manner. 

CALMNESS (kam'nes), n. State of being calm. 

CALOMEL (kal'o-mel), n. 3Iercurous chloride, 
a poisonous compound of mercury and 
chloride, used in medicine as an alterative. 
[Gr. kalos, beautiful, and melas, black.] 

CALORESCENCE (kal-o-res'ens), n. Trans- 
mutation of heat rays into luminous rays. 

CALORIC (ka-lor'ik), I. a. Pertaining to heat. 
II. n. 1. Heat. 2. Formerly supposed 
principle or cause of heat. [L. color, heat.] 

CALORICULTURE (ka-lor'i-kul-tur), n. Hon. 
System of gardening and horticulture practiced 
by the regulation of temperature, color, etc. 
[L. color, heat, and CULTURE.] 

CALORIE, CALORY (kal'o-ri), n. Unit of 
heat. [Fr.] 



CALORIFIC (kal-o-rif'ik), a. Causing heat; 
heating. [L. 'color, heat, and facio, make.] 

CALORIMETER (kal-o-rim'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring the specific heat of a 
body. 

CALORIZER (kal'o-ri-zer), n. Device for pro- 
ducing complete and smokeless combustion 
of low-grade fuels. [L. color, heat.] 

CALORY (kal'o-ri), n. Same as CALORIE. 

CALOTTE (ka-lof), n. Plain skull-cap or coif. 
[Fr.] 

CALOTYPE (kal'o-tip), w. Primitive photo- 
graphic process with iodide of silver. 

CALUMET (kal'u-met), 
n. Peace pipe of the VW 
North American In- 
dians, a tobacco pipe 
with a long reed stem 
and large bowl, usually of soapstone. [Fr.; 
from L. calamus, reed.] 

CALUMNIATE (ka-luni'ni-at), v. [pr.p. CA- 
LUMNIATING; p.t. and p.p. CALUM'NIA- 
TED.] I. vt. Accuse falsely; defame; slander. 
H. vi. Utter calumnies; make false charges. 

CALUMNIATION (ka-lum-ni-a'shun), n. False 
accusation; slander. 

CALUMNIATOR (ka-lum'ni-a-tur), n. Slan- 
derer. 

CALUMNIATORY (ka-lum'ni-a-td-ri), a. Con- 
taining calumny; slanderous. 

CALUMNIOUS (ka-lum'ni-us), a. Of the nature 
of calumny; slanderous. 

CALUMNIOUSLY (ka-lum'ni-us-li), adv. In a 
calumnious manner. 

CALUMNY (kal'um-ni), n. [pi. CAL'UMNIES.] 
False accusation maliciously made; slander; 
defamation. [L. calumnia.] 

CALVE (kav), vi. [pr.p. CALV'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CALVED Xkavd).] Bring forth a calf. [A. S. 
cealfian.] 

CALVINISM (kal'vin-izm), n. System of re- 
ligious doctrine taught by John Calvin (1509- 
1564), noted Genevan reformer. 

CALVINIST (kal'vin-ist), n. One who holds the 
doctrines of Calvin. 

CalVLNISTIC (kal-vin-ist'lk), a. Pertaining 
to Calvin or Calvinism. 

CALVOUS (kal'vus), a. Bald; devoid of cov- 
ering. 

CALX (kalks), n. [pi. CALX'ES or CALCES (kal'- 
sez).] 1. Chalk or lime. 2. Ashy substance 
of a metal or mineral which remains after be- 
ing calcined. [L. calx, lime.] 

CALYCATE (kal'i-kat), o. Bot. Having a calyx. 

CALYCLE (kal'i-kl), n. Bot. Accessory calyx 
outside the true one. 

CALYCULATE (ka-lik'u-lat), o. Bot. Having 
an outer calyx or bract resembling a calyx. 

CALYPSO (ka-lip'so), n. Greek Myth. A sea- 
nymph, one of the Oceanides; she entertained 
Ulysses on the island of Ogygia and offered 
him immortality if he would become her 
husband. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CALYX 



179 



CAMOMILE 




Calyxes. 
a reciprocating 



CALYX (ka'liks or kal'iks), n. [pi. CALYXES 
or CALYCES (kal'i- 
sez).] Bot. Outer cover- 
ing or cup of a flower, 
its separate leaves term- 
ed sepals. [L. ; from 
Gr. kalyx, covering.] 

CAM (kam), n. Mech. 
Device for changing a 
regular rotary motion into 
motion, various forms of which are the cam- 
wheel and shaft, the heart-wheel, the wiper 
wheel, and the eccentric. [Dut. kam, 
comb.] 

CAMAGON (ka-ma-gon'), n. Dark, reddish- 
black wood in Philipine Islands. 

CAMANSI (ka-man'se), n. Resinous tree in 
Philippine Islands producing a kind of copal 
varnish. 

CAMBAYE (kam-ba'), n. Hand-loom East 
Indian calico. 

CAMBER (kam'ber), n. Convexity upon an 
upper surface, as of a deck amidships, a bridge, 
or lintel. [O. Fr. cambre, crooked.] 

CAMBER (kam'ber), vt. [pr.p. CAMBERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAMBERED (kam'berd).] Make 
slightly convex above; arch slightly. 

CAMBIST (kam'bist), n. One skilled in exchange 
values. 

CAMBIUM (kam'bi-um), «. Bot. A layer of 
delicate cells between the wood and bark, 
which develop on one side into wood, and on 
the other, into bark. 

CAMBODIA (kam-bo'di-a), n. Part of French 
Indo-China. Area 37,400 sq. m. 

CAMBRAI, CAMERA Y (kam-bra'), n. For- 
tified town in France, on Schelde river. 

CAMBREL (kam'brel), n. 1. Bent piece of iron 
or wood on which butchers hang the carcasses 
of animals. 2. Hock of a horse. [Probably 
from CAMBER.] 

CAMBRIAN (kam'bri-an), o. Of or pertaining 
to Wales. [L. Cambria, Wales.] 

CAMBRIC (kam'brik), n. 1. Fine white linen 
fabric, used for ruffles, handkerchiefs, etc. 
2. Cotton fabric made in imitation of linen 
cambric. [ Cambrai, city in the French depart- 
ment of Nord.] 

CAMBRIDGE (kam'brij), n. 1. City in England 
on Cam river, seat of famous university. 2. 
City near Boston, Mass., seat of Harvard 
University. 

CAME (kam), v. Past tense 
of COME. 

CAMEL(kam'el),n. 1. Large 
ruminant quadruped with 
one or two humps on its 
back, used in Asia and 
Africa as a beast of bur- 
den, the kind having only 
one hump being specific- 
ally called a dromedary. 2. 
Large floating machine for bearing vessels 




Camel (Camelus 
bactrianus). 



[L. camelus; from 
One who drives 




Camellia (Camellia 
Japonica) . 



over bars into a harbor. 
Gr. kamelos.} 
CAMELEER (kam-el-er'), n. 
or rides a camel. 

Camellia (ka-mer- 

i-a), n. Bot. 1. Gen- 
us of tropical shrubs 
or trees of the tea 
family. 2. [c-] Plant 
of the genus Camellia, 
especially the Camel- 
lia Japonica, or Ja- 
pan rose. [From JK.a- 
mel, a Jesuit traveler.] 

CAMELOPARD (ka- 
mel'o-pard), n. Gi- 
raffe. [Gr. kamelos, 
camel, and pardalis, pard.] 

CAMELRY (kam'el-ri), n.pl. Troops mounted 
on camels. 

CAMEO (kam'e-6), n. [pi. CAMEOS (kam'e-oz).] 
Engraved gem in which the figure or subject 
is carved in relief. [It. cammeo; from L. L. 
cammwus, cameo.] 

CAMERA 
(kam'e-ra), 
n. [pi. CAM- 
ERAS or 
CAMERA.] 
Any instru- 
ment hav- 
ing a dark 
c h a m b e r, 
and espe- 
cially the 
camera- ob- 
scura and 
the camera- 
lucida. — Stereoscopic camera, a double photo- 
graphic camera-obscura. [L., chamber.] 

CAMERA-LUCIDA (kam-e-ra-lo'si-da), n. In- 
strument by which the rays of light from an 
object are reflected by a specially shaped prism, 
forming an image on the paper underneath. 
[L. camera, and lucida, containing light.] 

CAMERA-OBSCURA (kam'e-ra-ob-sku'ra), n. 
Instrument for projecting the image of ex- 
ternal objects upon a plane surface placed 
within a dark chamber. [L. camera, and 
obscura, dark, obscure.] 

CAMERAPHONE (kame-ra-fon), n. Combi- 
nation of biograph and phonograph; called also 
photo phone. 

CAMILLA (ka-mil'a), n. Rom. Myth. Daughter 
of King 3Ietabus of Privermun, who became 
the virgin warrior queen of the Volscians. 

CAMISOLE (kam'i-sol), n. Sleeved jacket; a 
woman's loose morning gown or jacket. [Fr.] 

CAMLET (kam let), n. Cloth originally made of 
camel's hair, but now chiefly of wool and 
goat's hair. [Fr.] 

CAM03IILE (kam'o-mil), n. Plant, or its dried 
flowers, used in medicine, affording a bitter 




Stereoscopic Camera. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gnde; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CAMORA 



180 



CANCAN 



stomachic and tonic. [Fr. camomille, from 
Gr. chamai-melon, earth-melon.] 

CaMORA (ka-mo'ra), CaMORRA ka-mor'a), 
n. Secret society organized to do acts of ven- 
geance. [See BLACK-HAND.] [It.] 

CAMP (kamp), n. 1. Ground on which an army 
pitches its tents. 2. Tents of an army. 3. 
Army or body of troops camping. 4. Any 
temporal quarters for travelers, etc. 

CAMP (kamp), v. [pr.p. CAMPING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAMPED (kampt).] I. vt. Furnish, as an ar- 
my, with tents. II. vi. Pitch tents; lodge in 
tents. — Camp out, live temporarily in a tent. 

CAMPAGNA DI ROMA (kam-piin'ya de ro'ma). 
Large malarial plain in Italy, surrounding 
Rome. 

CAMPAIGN (kam-pan'), n. 1. Large open field 
or plain. 2. Time during which an army 
keeps the field. 3. Connected scenes of mili- 
tary operations. 4. Army in the field. 5. 
Organized movement in the advocacy of a po- 
litical or social cause. [Fr. campagne; from 
L. campania; campus, field.] 

CAMPAIGN (kam-pan), vi. [pr.p. CAMPAIGN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CAMPAIGNED (kam- 
pand').] Serve in a campaign. 

CAMPAIGNER (kam-pan'er), n. One who serves 
in a campaign. 

CAMPANIA (kan-pa'ni-a), n. In ancient geog- 
raphy, region in S. E. Italy. 

CAMPANILE (kam-pa-ne'la), n. [pi. CAMPA- 
NI'LI (liam-pa-ne'le).] Tower-like belfry. 
[It. campana, bell.] 

CAMPANULA (kam-pan'u-la), n. Genus of 
flowers, the bellfiow- 
ers or bells, usually 
blue or white. [It. cam- 
pana, bell.] 

CAMPECHE (kam-pa'- 

cha), CAMPEACHYcg 

(kam-pe'chi), n State 

in Mexico, S. W. part Campanula. 

of the peninsula of Yucatan. Area 21,797 

sq. m. Capital, Campeche, on Campeche Gulf. 

CAMPEACHY-WOOD (kam-pe'chi-wod), n. 
Dark-red dye wood; same as LOGWOOD. 

CAMPHINE (kam'fen or kam-fen'), n. Rectified 
oil of turpentine. 

CAMPHOID (kam/foid), n. Admixture of py- 
roxylin and camphor, used to replace collodion. 

CAMPHOR (kam-fur), n. Whitish solid semi- 
translucent substance, procured chiefly from 
the camphor laurel of India, China, and Japan, 
having a peculiar hot aromatic taste and pleas- 
ant smell. [Fr. camphre; from Malay, kdpur, 
camphor.] 

CAMPHORATE (kam'fur-at), vt. [pr.p. CAM'- 
PHORATING; p.t. and p.p. CAMPHORATED.] 
Impregnate with camphor. 

CAMPHORIC (kam-for'ik), a. Pertaining to 
camphor. 

CAMPHYLINE (kam-fi-len'), n. Scientific name 
for naphthalene. 




CAMPION (cam'pi-un), n. Bright-flowering 
plant of the pink family; wallflower. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

CAMP-MEETING (kamp'met-ing), n. Religious 
assembly in tents or booths. 

CAMPUS (kam 'pus), n. College grounds or green. 
[L., field.] 

CAMPYLOMETER (kam-pi-lom'e-ter), n. De- 
vice for measuring length of all classes of 
lines on plans and drawings. [Gr. Jcampylos, 
curved, and -METER.] 

CAMPYLOTROPOUS(kam-pi-lot'ro-pus),a. Bot. 
Having the ovule curved upon itself, as in the 
pinks. [Gr. Jcampylos, curved, and trepo, turn.] 

CAN (kan), n. 1. Vessel usually of tinned iron, 
for holding or preserving liquids, fruit, pre- 
pared meat, etc. 2, Originally, a drinking 
cup. [A. S. canne.] 

CAN (kan), vt. [pr.p, CAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
CANNED (kand).] Put up for preservation in 
cans. 

CAN (kan), vi. [p.t. COULD (kod).] Know 
how; be able; have the power physically men- 
tally or morally, of doing anything. [A. S. 
can, pr. indicative of cumman, know (how to 
do a thing) ; be able.] 

CANA (ka'na), n. Village of Galilee, Palestine. 

CANADA (kan'a-da), DOMINION OF. Con- 
federation of British N. Amerian provinces 
and territories, N. of the U.S. Area 3,653,- 
946 sq. m., capital, Ottawa. 

CANADIAN (ka-na'di-an), 

1. a. Pertaining to Cana- 
da. II. n. Native of Can- 
ada; Canuck. 

CANAILLE (ka-nal'), n. 
Lowest class of people; the 
rabble. [Fr., from L. canis, 
dog.] 

CANAL (ka-nal'), n. 1. Ar- 
tificial water course for 
navigation or drainage. 

2. Duct; channel. [L. 
canalis, channel.] 

CANAL (ka-nal'), vt. [pr.p. 
CANAL'LING; p.t. and p.p. 

CANALLED (ka-nald').] 1. Make (a canal) 
through. 2. Convert into a canal. 

CANALICULATE (kan-a-lik'u-lat), a. Bot. 
Channeled; having a longitudinal groove. 

CANAPE (ka-na-pa'), n. 1. Sofa; couch; cano- 
py. 2. Fried toast used in cooking. [Fr.] 

CANARD (ka-nard'), n. False report; fabricated 
rumor or sensational story. [Fr., hoax, (liter- 
ally) duck.] 

CANARY (ka-na'ri), n. [pi. CANA'RIES.] 1. 
Light sweet wine from the Canary Islands. 2. 
Bird originally from the Canary Islands. 3. 
Bright yellow color. 

CANARY ISLANDS (ka-na'ri I'landz). Group 
in N, Atlantic Ocean. Area 2,808 sq. m. 

CANCAN (kan'kan), n. Immodest and riotous 
kind of dance. [Fr.] 




Sir Wilfred Laurier, 
Canadian Prime 
Minister. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



CANCEL, 



181 



CANGUE 




Cancer. 



CANCEL (kan'sel), vt. [pr.p. CAN'CELING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANCELED (kan'seld).] 1. 
Erase or blot out by crossing with lines. 2. 
Annul; set aside; revoke. 3. Math. Remove 
(equivalent quantities) on opposite sides of an 
equation. [Fr. canceller; from L. cancelli, 
lattice- work.] 

SYN. Obliterate; efface; quash; expunge; 
revoke; rescind; abrogate; invalidate; nulli- 
fy. ANT. Enforce; confirm; ratify; fix. 

CANCEL (kan'sel), n. Print. Suppression of a 
printed page or sheet, the page so canceled, 
or the new one substituted. 

CANCELATION (kan-sel-a/shun), n. Act of can- 
celing or state of being canceled. 

CANCELLATE (kan'sel-kjt), a. Cross-barred; 
marked with cross-lines like lattice-work; 
reticulated. [L. cancellatus.] 

CANCER (kan'ser), w. 1. 
Astron. Constellation be- 
tween Gemini and Leo, and 
a sign of the zodiac showing 
the limits of the sun's course 
northward in summer. 2. 
Zool. Genus of crustaceans, embracing the 
common edible crab. 3. [c-] Pathol. Malig- 
nant spreading tumor. 

CANCERATE (kan'ser-at), vi. [pr.p. CAN'CER- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. CAN'CERATED.] Be- 
come cancerous. 

CANCERATION (kan-ser-a'shun), n. Act or 
state of growing into a cancer, or of becoming 
cancerous. 

CANCERIN (kan'ser-in), n. Fertilizer made from 
marine crustaceans. 

CANCERITE (kan'ser-it), n. Fossilized crab. 

CANCEROUS (kan'ser-us), o. Having the nature 
or qualities of a cancer. 

CANCEROUSLY (kan'ser-us-li), adv. In the 
manner of a cancer. 

CANCEROUSNESS (kan'ser-us-nes), n. State of 
being cancerous. 

CANCRIFORM (kang'kri-farm), a. Cancroid. 

CANCROID (kang'kroid), a. Resembling a can- 
cer. 

CANDELABRUM (kan-de-la'brum), n. [pi. 
CANDELA'BRA.] 1. Branched and ornamented 
candlestick or lampstand. 2. Tall stand for 
lamps. [L.] 

CANDID (kan'did), a. 1. Frank; ingenuous. 2. 
Free from prejudice; fair; impartial. [Fr. 
candtde; from L. candidus, white.] 

CANDIDACY (kan'di-da-si), n. [pi. CAN- 
DIDACIES.] State of being a candidate. 

CANDIDATE (can'di-dat), n. 1. One who offers 
himself for any office or honor. 2. One who 
Is nominated, by a party convention or other- 
wise, for an elective office. [L. candidatus, 
white-robed.] 

CANDIDATURE (kan'di-da-ture), n. State of 
being a candidate; candidacy. 

CANDIDLY (kan'did-li), adv. In a candid 
manner; fairly; frankly. 



CANDIDNESS (kan'did-nes), n. Quality of being 
candid. 

CANDIED (kan'did), a. 1. Converted into candy. 
2. Coated or covered over with candy. 3. 
Sweetly flattering. 

CANDLE (kan'dl), n. 1. Cylinder of wax, tallow 
or other like substance, containing a wick, 
used for giving light. 2. Elec. Unit of illumina- 
ting power; one candle-power. [A. S. candel.] 

CANDLE (kan'dl), vt. [pr.p. CANDLING; p.t. 
and p.p. CANDLED (kan'did).] Examine by 
holding to candle-light, as to candle eggs. 

CANDLE-FISH (kan'dl-fish), n. Small deep- 
sea fish of the smelt family, peculiar to the 
Pacific coast of North America. 

CANDLE-LIGHT (kan'dl-lit), n. 1. Light of a 
candle. 2. Time when candles are lighted. 

CANDLEMAS (kan'dl-mas), n. Eccl. Feast of 
the Purification, February 2d; so called from 
being formerly celebrated with processions 
and displays of candles. 

CANDLE-POWER (kan'dl-pow-er), n. Intensity 
of light emitted by a luminous body estimated 
in standard candles — candles of definite com- 
position, which, when burned at the rate of 
two grains per minute, will produce a light 
of a definite and fixed brightness. 

CANDLER (kan'dler), ». One who examines 
eggs by candle-light. 

CANDLESTICK (kan'dl-stik), n. Utensil for 
holding a candle, originally a stick. 

CANDOCK (kan'dok), n. Yellow water-lily. 
[CAN (cup), and DOCK (plant).] 

CANDOR (kan'dur), n. Freedom from prejudice 
or disguise; fairness; frankness. [L., white- 
ness. 

CANDY (kan'di), n. [pi. CAN'DIES.] Confection 
made of sugar, etc. [Fr. candi.] 

CANDY (kan'di), v. [pr. p. CANDYING; pi. and 
p.p. CANDIED (kan'did).] I. vt. 1. Coat over 
with crystallized sugar. 2. Convert into crys- 
tallized sugar. 3. Conserve with sugar. II. 
vi. Become candied. 

CANDYTUFT (kan'di-tuft), n. Bot. Any plant 
of the genus Iberis. 
[Candia y the island.] 

CANE (kan), n. 1. 
Stem of one of the 
smaller palms. 2. 
Calamus or rattan, 
or the larger grasses 
— bamboo, sugar- 
cane, etc. 3. Walk- 
ing-stick. [Fr.canne 
— Gr. kanna, reed.] 
CANE (kan), vt. [pr.p. 
CA'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. CANED (kand).] 
1. Beat with a cane 
or thin stick. 2. 
Bottom or back with 
cane, as a chair. Candytuft (Iberis). 

CANE-BRAKE (kan'brak), n. Thicket of canes. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ANICULA 



182 



CANONICALS 



» 



CaNICULA (ka-nik'u-la), n. Astron. Sirius, the 
dog-star. [L., dim. of canis, dog.] 

CANICULAR (ka-nik'u-lar), a. Relating to the 
dog-star or to the dog-days. 

CANINE (ka-nln'), a. Pertaining to or like the 
dog. — Canine teeth, four sharp-pointed tear- 
ing teeth in most mammals, one on each side 
of the upper and lower jaw, between the in- 
cisors or cutting teeth and the molars or 
grinders. [L. caninus; canis, dog.] 

CANISTER (kan'is-ter), n. 1. Box or case, 
usually of tin, for holding tea, etc. 2. Metal 
case containing bullets, which explodes after 
being fired from a cannon; case-shot; also 
called canister-shot. [L. canistrum, wicker- 
basket.] 

CANKER (kang'ker), n. 1. Pathol. Corroding 
ulcer; group of small ulcers in the mouth, 
particularly of children. 2. Disease incident 
to trees, which causes the bark to rot and fall. 
3. Disease in a horse's foot, consisting of a 
running thrush. 4. Anything that corrupts, 
consumes, corrodes, or destroys. [L. cancer, 
crab, gangrene.] 

CANKER (kang'ker), v. [pr.p. CAN'KERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANKERED (kang'kerd).] I. vt. 

I. Eat into, corrupt, or destroy. 2. Infect or 
pollute. 3. Make sour and ill-conditioned. 

II. vi. Grow corrupt; become ill-conditioned; 
ulcerate. 

CANKERED (kang'kerd), a. 1. Corroded. 2. 
Venomous; malignant. 3. Crabbed. 

CANKEROUS (kang'ker-us), a. Corroding like 
a canker. 

CANKER-WORM ( kang'ker- wurm), n. Worm 
that cankers or eats into plants. 

CANKERY (kang'ker-i), a. Affected with can- 
ker; cankerous. 

CANNA (kan'a), n. 1. Genus of reed-like plants, 
having large leaves and beautiful red or 
yellow flowers. 2. [c-] Plant of this genus. 
[L., reed.] 

CANNABIS (kan'a-bis), n. Genus of plants of 
the nettle family; hemp. [See BHANG, HEMP.] 
[L., hemp.] 

CANNEL, CANNEL-COAL (kan'el-kol), n. Bitu- 
minous coal of fine texture and little luster that 
burns with a bright flame. [Probably from 
CANDLE, because of the similarity in burning.] 

CANNER (kan'er), n. One who cans. 

CANNERY (kan'er-i), n. Place where fruits, 
etc., are canned. 

CANNES (kan), n. Seaport and health resort, 
France, 20 m. S. W. of Nice. 

CANNIBAL (kan'i-bal), I. n. 1. Person who eats 
human flesh. 2. Animal that eats the flesh of 
Its own kind. II. a. Pertaining to or of the 
nature of cannibals or cannibalism. [Sp. 
canibal; from Caribals, Caribs, native name of 
the Westlndian Islanders, who ate humanflesh. J 

CANNIBALISM (kan'i-bal-izm), n. Practice of 
eating human flesh by mankind, or flesh of 
Its own species by any animal. 



CANNON (kan'un), n. [pi. CAN'NON or CAN'- 
NONS.] Heavy gun, or piece of artillery, 
used for firing large projectiles, and usually 
mounted on a carriage, rampart, or the deck 
of a war-vessel. [Fr. canon; from L. canna, 
reed.] 

CANNON (kan'un), n. and v. Billiards. Term 
used in England for CAROM. 

CANNONADE (kan-un-ad), n. Continued at- 
tack with cannon; rapid discharge of cannon. 

CANNONADE (kan-un-ad'), vt. [pr.p. CAN- 
NONA 'DING; p.t. and p.p. CANNONA'DED.] 
Attack or batter with cannon. 

CANNON-BALL (kan'un-bal), n. Large iron 
ball or other projectile used in smooth-bore 
ordnance. 

CANNON-BONE (kan'un-bon), n. Long bone 
between the knee and the foot of a horse. 

CANNONEER, CANNONIER (kan-un-er'), n. 
Gunner or artilleryman. 

CANNON-SHOT (kan'un-shot), n. 1. Cannon- 
ball. 2. Distance to which a cannon will 
throw a projectile. 

CANNOT (kan'not). Can not; can't. 

CANNULA (kan'u-la), n. Surgical tube, espe- 
cially one enclosing a trocar or perforator. 
[L., dim. of canna, reed.] 

C ANNULAR (kan'u-lar), a. Tubular. 

CANNY (kan'i), a. 1. Knowing; shrewd; thrifty. 
2. Having supernatural power. [Sc] 

CANOE (ka-no')» n. 1. Boat made of the hollow 
trunk of a tree, or of bark or skins. 2. Small 
boat propelled by paddling. 

CANOE (ka-no), vi. [pr.p. CANOE'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CANOED (ka-nod').] Row or paddle 
a canoe. [Sp. canoa.] 

CANON, CANYON (ka-nydn' or kan'yun), n. 
Deep gorge or ravine between high and steep 
banks, worn by watercourses. [Sp. canon; 
from cana, tube.] 

CANON (kan'un), n. 1. General rule. 2. Law 
or rule in ecclesiastical matters. 3. That 
which is established by rule. 4. Person bound 
by rule. 5. Standard; criterion. 6. Clerical 
dignitary belonging to a cathedral, enjoying 
special emoluments, and obliged to reside 
there part of the year. 7. Book of Scriptures 
accepted by the Church as genuine. 8. Music. 
Species of musical composition, a kind of 
continual fugue. 9. Surg. Instrument used 
for sewing up wounds. 10. Size of type equal 
to four-line pica. [A. S.; from L.; from Gr. 
kanon, rule.] 

CANONESS (kan'un-es), n. Female beneficiary 
of a regular religious college. 

CANONIC (ka-non'ik), CANONICAL (ka-non'- 
ik-al), a. 1. According to or included in the 
canon. 2. Regular. 3. Ecclesiastical. 

CANONICALLY (ka-non'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
manner conformable to the canon. 

CANONICALNESS (ka-non'ik-ai-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being canonical. 

CANONICALS (ka-non'ik-alz), n.pl. Official 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CANONICATE 



183 



CANTON 






dress of the clergy, regulated by the church 
canons. 

CANONICATE (ka-non'i-kat), n. Office of a 
canon. 

CANONICITT (kan-un-is'i-ti), n. Quality of 
belonging to or agreeing with the canon. 

CANONIST (kan'un-ist), w. One versed in the 
canon law. 

CANONIZATION (kan-un-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
canonizing. 

CANONIZE (kan'un-iz), vt. [pr.p. CAN'ONIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANONIZED (kan'un-izd).] 1. 
Raise to rank of a saint. 2. Recognize or 
sanction as canonical. 

CANONRY (kan'un-ri), n. Same as CANONI- 
CATE. 

CANOPIED (kan'o-pid), a. Covered or furnished 
with a canopy. 

CaNOPUS (ka-no'pus), n. Astron. Bright star 
in the southern constellation, Argo navis. [L., 
from Gr. Kanobos, city of ancient Egypt.] 

CANOPY (kan'o-pi), n. [pi. CAN'OPIES.] 1. 
Covering over a throne or bed. 2. Covering 
of state stretched over the head. 3. Any 
natural arch or covering, as the sky. 4. Arch. 
Ornamental arched or roof-like projection 
over a doorway, niche, window, etc. 5. In 
Gothic architecture, an ornament covering 
over a tomb or altar, whether projecting from 
the wall or otherwise. [Fr. canape; from Gr. 
konopeion, mosquito curtain; konops, mos- 
quito.] 

CANOPY (kan'o-pi), vt. [pr.p. CAN'OPYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANOPIED (kan'o-pid).] Cover 
with a canopy. 

CANOROUS (ka-no'rus), a. Tuneful; melodious; 
musical. [L. canorus; from cano, sing.] 

CANT (kant), n. 1. Hypocritical or affected 
style of speech. 2. Affected use of religious 
phrases or sentiments. 3. Language peculiar 
to a sect. 4. Odd or peculiar talk of any kind. 
[L. cantus, song.] 

CANT (kant), vi. [pr.p. CANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CANT'ED.] 1. Talk in an affectedly solemn 
or hypocritical way. 2. Speak in a conven- 
tional manner. 

CANT (kant), a. Of the nature of cant; affected. 

CANT (kant), n. 1. Inclination from the level; 
sloping or tilted position. 2. Arch. External 
angle or quoin of a building. 3. Toss or 
jerk producing a slant or tilt. [Dut. kant, 
edge.] 

CANT (kant), v. [pr.p. CANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CANT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Turn on the edge or 
corner; tilt. 2. Throw with a jerk; toss; flip. 
II. vi. Fall over; assume a tilted position. 

CAN'T (kant), v. Contraction in common use 
for CAN NOT. 

CANTALEVER (kan'ta-lev-er), n. Same as 
CANTILEVER. 

CANTALOUPE, CANTALOUP (kan'ta-lop), n. 
Small ribbed variety of musk-melon. [Fr.; 
from It. Cantalupo, Italy.] 



CANTANKEROUS (kan-tang'ker-us), a. Per- 
verse in temper; quarrelsome. (Colloq.) 

CANTATA (kan-ta'ta), n. Music. Poem or 
dramatic composition set to music, with solos 
and choruses. [It.] 

CANTEEN (kan-ten'), w. 1. Drinking-flask 
used by soldiers. 2. Establishment under 
military control where liquors and refresh- 
ments are sold to soldiers; barrack buffet. 
[Fr. cantine; from It. cantina, cellar.] 

CANTER (kan'ter), n. Easy gallop. [Originally 
Canterbury-gallop, from the easy pace at 
which the pilgrims rode to the shrine at Can- 
terbury.] 

CANTER (kan'ter), v. [pr.p. CAN'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. CANTERED (kan'terd).] I. vt. Make 
to canter. II. vi. Move at an easy gallop. 

CANTER (kant'er), n. One who cants; hypo- 
critical or conventional talker. 

CANTERBURY (kan'ter-ber-i), n. City in Eng- 
land, on Stour River. 

CANTHARIDES (kan-thar'i-dez), n.pl. Pharm. 
Spanish flies, used for blistering. [L. canthar- 
is, beetle; pi. cantharides.] 

CANT-HOOK (kant'hok), n. Lever for canting 
logs. 

CANTICLE (kan'ti-kl), n. Non-metrical hymn, 
for chanting. — The Canticles, Song of Songs, 
or Song of Solomon. [L. canticulum, dim. of 
canticum, song.] 

CANTILEVER (kan'ti-ie-ver or kan'ti-lev-er), 
n. 1. Arch. Large bracket for supporting cor- 
nices, balconies, etc. 2. Engin. Bracket-like 
truss, used to support enormous weights. 
[CANT, external angle, and LEVER.] 

CANTILEVER-BRIDGE (kan'ti-lev-er-brij), n. 
Bridge formed by the joining of two canti- 
lever trusses projected from opposite direc- 
tions. 




Cantilever Bridge over the Mississippi Kiver at 
Thebes, Illinois. 

CANTLE (kan'tl), n. 1. Fragment; piece. 2. 
Protuberant part of the back of a saddle. [O. 
Fr. cantel; dim. of cant, corner.] 

CANTO (kan'to), n. [pi. CANTOS (kan'toz).] 
1. Section of an extended song or poem. 2. 
Music. Treble or leading melody. [It.; from 
L. cantus, song.] 

CANTON (kan'tun), n. 1. Distinct part or divi- 
sion, as in the corner of a heraldic shield. 2. 
Division of territory, constituting in Switzer- 
land a separate government, in France a 
subdivision of a department. [It. cantone, 
corner, district; from canto, corner.] 

CANTON (kan'tun), v. [pr.p. CAN'TONING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANTONED (kan'tund).] I. vt. 
1. Divide into cantons. 2. Allot quarters to. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf* 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CANTON 



184 



CAPER 



II. vi. Enter into quarters or cantonments. 

CANTON (kan-ton), n. 1. City and seaport, Chi- 
na. 2. City, Ohio. Burial place of McKinley. 

CANTONAL (kan'tun-al), a. Pertaining to or 
divided into cantons. 

CANTON3IENT (kan'tun-ment), n. 1. Tem- 
porary quarters of troops when taking part 
in maneuvers or active operations. 2. In 
India, military town or station. [Fr. cantonne- 
ment.] 

CANUCK (ka-nuk), n. Canadian. (Colloq.) 

CANVAS (kan'vas), n. 1. Originally, kind of 
coarse unbleached linen cloth, used for sifting. 

2. Strong, coarse cloth made of hemp, flax, or 
cotton, used for sails, tents, awnings, etc. 

3. Art. Ground of a painting, or the painting 
itself. 4. Fabric woven regularly in little 
squares, used for working tapestry with the 
needle. 5. Sail. [0. Fr. canevas; from L. 
cannabis, hemp.] 

CANVAS-BACK (kan'vas-bak), n. North 
American duck, very good eating, its back 
ashy white, crossed by broken, zigzag, dark lines. 

CANVASS (kan'vas), v. [pr.p. CANVASSING; 
p.t. and p.p. CANVASSED (kan'vast).] I. vt. 

1. Examine carefully; scrutinize; scan. 2, 
Debate; discuss. 3. Traverse for the pur- 
pose of soliciting votes or support for candi- 
dates or party. II. vi. Go about to solicit 
votes, interest, or orders. [From CANVAS.] 

SYN. Sift; examine; investigate; explore; 
inspect; analyze; dispute; agitate; con- 
trovert; ventilate; bespeak; solicit. ANT. 
Allow; ignore; pass. 
CANVASSER (kan'vas-er), n. 1. One who 
scrutinizes the returns of votes at an election. 

2. One who solicits votes. 3. One who solicits 
orders for goods, books, etc. 

CANYON (kan'yun), n. Same as CANON. 

CANZONE (kan-zo'na), n. Music. Air in two 
or three parts. [It., song.] 

CANZONET (kan-zo-nef), n. Music. Short air 
or song. [It. canzonetta, dim. of canzone.] 

CAOUTCHOUC (ko-chpk'), n. Highly elastic 
juice or gum of a plant which grows in South 
America and Asia; india-rubber; gum elastic. 
[Fr. ; from Caribbean cahuchu.] 

CAP (kap), n. 1. Woman's head-dress of muslin, 
or similar material. 2. Any kind of un- 
brimmed covering for the head. 3. Cap-like 
covering of any kind; cover; closely-fitting 
top. [A. S. cazppe; from L. L. cappa, cape 
or hood.] 

CAP (kap), vt. [pr.p. CAPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAPPED (kapt).] 1. Put a cap on, as the 
official cap of a degree in some colleges. 2. 
Cover with a cap or tip. 3. Outdo or surpass. 

4. Consummate; complete. 
CAPABILITY (ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. {pi. CAPA- 
BILITIES.] Capableness; capacity. 

CAPABLE (kapa-bl), a. 1. Having ability, 
power or skill. 2. Qualified; competent. [Fr., 
from L. L. capabilis; L. capio, take.] 



SYN. Adapted; suited; qualified; fitted; 
susceptible; able; competent, skillful; effi- 
cient; gifted. ANT. Incapable; ineffi- 
cient; incompetent. 

CAPABLENESS (ka'pa-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being capable. 

CAPABLY (ka'pa-bli), adv. In a capable man- 
ner. 

CAPACIOUS (ka-pa'shus), a. 1. Holding much. 
2. Wide; large; extensive. 3. Comprehensive; 
broad; liberal. [L. capax; from capio, hold.] 

CAPACIOUSLY (ka-pa'shus-li), adv. In a ca- 
pacious manner; largely; liberally. 

CAPACIOUSNESS (ka-pa'shus-nes), n. Quality 
of being capacious; capacity; extent. 

CAPACITATE (ka-pas'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. CAPAC- 
ITATING; p.t. and p.p. CAPACITATED.] 
3Iake capable; render eligible. 

CAPACITY (ka-pas'i-ti), n. [pi. CAPACITIES.] 
1. Power or ability of receiving, holding, 
supporting, containing, or carrying. 2. Power 
of producing; capability. 3. Ability of mind 
to receive. 4. State or condition of fitness or 
preparation for any act. 5. Position or con- 
dition of being; character. 6. Legal qualifica- 
tion or competence. [Fr. capacite; from L. 
capacitas; from capax, capacious.] 

CAPANEUS (ka-pa'ne-us),n. Greek Myth. One 
of seven heroes who fought against Thebes; 
struck dead by Zeus (Jupiter) for his impiety. 

CAP-A-PIE (kap-a-pe'), adv. From head to foot, 
referring to arming, as a knight. [O. Fr. cap 
a pie; from L. caput, head, and pes, foot.] 

CAPARISON (ka-pari-sun), n. 1. Decorative 
covering for a horse; showy trappings of a 
war-horse or charger. 2. Showy dress and 
ornaments generally. [O. Fr. caparasson; 
from Sp. caparazon, augmentative of capa, 
cape, cover; from L. L. cappa, cape.] 

CAPARISON (ka-pari-sun), vt. [pr.p. CAPAR'- 
ISONING; p.t. and p.p. CAPARISONED (ka- 
par'i-sund).] 1. Put a caparison or capari- 
sons on, as a horse or charger. 2. Clothe 
with rich and showy apparel. 

CAPE (kap), n. 1. Covering for the shoulders 
attached as a tippet to a coat or cloak. 2. 
Kind of small cloak covering the shoulders. 
[O. Fr. ; from L. L. cappa, cape.] 

CAPE (kap), n. Head or point of land extending 
into the sea; headland. [Fr. cap; from L. 
caput, head.] 

CAPE COD (kap kod). Peninsula on S. side 
of 3Iassachusetts Bay. 

CAPE COLONY (kapkol'o-ni). British colony, 
S. part of S. Africa. 

CAPE HATTERAS (kap hat'er-as). A dan- 
gerous cape on coast of North Carolina. 

CAPE HORN (kap harn). S. point of S. 
America. Also called The Horn. 

Cape of Good Hope. Africa, 30 m. s. of 

Cape Town. Altitude 1,000 feet. 
CAPER (ka'per), n. Bot. Flower-bud of the 



fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CAPER 



185 



CAPPER 



caper-shrub ( Capparis spinosa) and plants 
of allied species. [Fr. capre; from Ar. kabbdr, 
caper.] 

CAPER (ka'per), vi. [pr.p. CATERING; p.t. and 
p.p. CAPERED (ka'perd).] Leap or skip 
playfully; frisk about. [L. caper, goat.] 

CAPER (ka'per), n. 1. Frolicsome leap, spring 
or jump. 2. Antic; prank. 

CAPER-BERRY (ka'per-ber-i), n. Fruit of the 
caper-shrub (Capparis spinosa). 

CAPERCAILZIE (ka-per-kal'zi), n. Species of 
grouse, almost equal in size to a turkey, and 
the largest of the gallinaceous birds of Europe. 
[Gael, capull coilie, large woodcock.] 

CAPE TOWN (kap town). Seaport and capital 
of Cape Colony, on Table Bay. 

CAPE VeRDE (kap verd). Most westerly head- 
land of Africa. 

Cape Verde Islands. Group in Atlantic, 

320 m. W. of Cape Verde. 

CAPIAS (ka'pi-as), n. Law. Writ directed against 
the person, and so called from the commence- 
ment of the process in the old Latin form. 
[L. capias, you may take or seize; capio, seize.] 

CAPILLACEOUS (kap-i-ia'shus), a. Hair-like 
capillary. 

CAPILLARITY (kap-i-lar'i-ti), n. 1. State or 
quality of being capillary. 2. Name given to 
the molecular attractions concerned in cap- 
illary phenomena. 

CAPILLARY (kap'i-ia- 
ri), I. n. [pi. CAPIL- 
LARIES.] 1. Minute 
blood vessel. 2. Tube 
with a hair-like bore. 
II. a. 1. Pertaining to 
capillary vessels. 2. 
Resembling a hair in 
bore. [L. capillaris; 
from capillus, hair.] 

CAPILLIFORM (ka-pil'i- 

farm), a. Having the form or shape of' a hair. 

CAPILLOSE (kap'i-los), a. Hairy. 

CAPITAL (kap'i-tal), I. a. 1. Important in the 
highest degree; chief; principal. 2. Excellent; 
good or fine in the highest degree. — Capital 
crime, a crime punishable by death. — Capital 
punishment, penalty of death. II. n. 1. Chief 
city of a country. 2. Seat of government of 
a nation, state, or county. 3. Arch. Head 
or top of a column or pillar. 4. Print. Large 
or upper-case letter. — Small capital or small 
cap., letter similar in form to the large or 
upper-case letter, but smaller, usually of the 
height of lower-case letters. [O. Fr. capital; 
from L. capitalis; caput, head.] 

CAPITAL (kap'i-tal), n. 1. Money invested in 
business; amount of assets; stock of a bank, 
company, tradesman, etc. 2. Store of power 
or available resources. — Capital stock, ag- 
gregate amount invested in a stock company; 
total value of stock at par. [Fr., from L. L. 
capitale, property.] 




Capillaries. 



CAPITALISM (kap'i-tal-izm), n. 1. Condition of 
possessing capital. 2. Economic system 
which generates capitalists. 

CAPITALIST (kap'i-tal-ist), n. One who has 
capital or wealth. 

CAPITALIZATION (kap-i-tal-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of capitalizing. 

CAPITALIZE (kap'i-tal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CAPI- 
TALIZING; p.t. and p.p. CAPITALIZED (kap'- 
i-tal-Izd).] 1. Convert into capital. 2. Esti- 
mate or assess the capital value of, as an in- 
come or annual payment. 

CAPITALIZE (kap'i-tal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CAPITAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. CAPITALIZED (kap'i- 
tal-Izd).] 1. Begin with a capital or upper- 
case letter. 2. Make use of capitals in wri- 
ting or printing of, as to capitalize the head- 
lines of an article. 

CAPITALLY (kap'i-tal-i), adv. 1. Excellently. 
2. By capital punishment. 

CAPITAN (kap-i-tan'), n. Captain. — Capitan 
pacha, chief admiral of the Turkish fleet. [Sp.] 

CAPITATE (kap-i'tat), a. Bot. Growing in 
or shaped like a head. 

CAPITATION (kap-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
numbering by heads. 2. Tax on every head. 

CAPITOL (kap'i-tul), n. 1. Building at Wash- 
ington, D. C, where Congress meets. 2. 
Building in the capital of a state for the use 
of the Legislature and state officials; state- 
house. 3. Temple of Jupiter in ancient 
Rome, built on the Capitoline Hill. [L. Cap- 
itolium; from caput, head.] 

CAPITOLINE (kap'i-to-lin), a. Of or pertaining 
to the Capitol in ancient Rome. 

CAPITULAR (ka-pit'u-lai), n. 1. Law passed in 
a chapter or ecclesiastical court. 2. Mem- 
ber of a chapter. [L. capitulum, chapter; 
caput, head.] 

CAPITULARY (ka-pit'u-la-ri), a. Relating or 
belonging to a chapter in a cathedral. 

CAPITULATE (ka-pit'u-iat), vi. [pr.p. CAPIT'- 
ULATING; p.t. and p.p. CAPIT'ULATED.] 
Yield or surrender on certain conditions or 
terms. [L.L. capitulatus, p.p. of capitulo, ar- 
range under heads.] 

CAPITULATION (ka-pit-u-ia'shun), n. 1. Act 
of capitulating. 2. Conditions of surrender. 

CAPITULU3I (ka-pit'u-lum), n. 1. Bot. Close 
head of sessile flowers, as in Compositor. 2. 
Anal. Head of a bone, especially of a rib. 
[L. dim. of caput, head.] 

CAPOCH (ka-poch), n. Same as CAPOTE. 

CAPON (ka'pn), n. Chicken cock castrated to 
improve its flesh for the table. [A. S. capun.] 

CAPOOR-CUTCHERY (ka-por-kutch'er-i) , n. 
East Indian pungent root of the ginger species. 

CAPOTE (ka-pof), n. 1. Long cloak or mantle 
worn by women. 2. Cloak or coat with a 
hood. [Fr., dim. of cape, cape.] 

CAPPER (kap'er), n. 1. Decoy bidder at an 
auction. 2. Decoy gambler; bunco steerer. 
[Sc. capper, spider.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\l=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CAPREOLATE 



186 



CAPUCHIN 



* 



CAPREOLATE (kap're-o-lat), a. Bot. Winding 
and clasping with tendrils; cirrose. [L. capre- 
olus, tendril; from caper, goat.] 

CAPRI (ka'pre), n. Island and town, Italy, at 
the entrance to the Bay of Naples. 

CAPRICE (ka-pres'), n. 1. Change of humor or 
opinion without reason; whim; freak. 2. 
Changeableness; capriciousness. [Fr.] 

SYN. Fit; humor; fad; fancy; crotchet; 
vagary. 

CAPRICIOUS (ka-prish'us), a. Subject to or 
full of caprice; changeable; whimsical. 

SYN. Fickle; inconstant; changeful; 
uncertain; crotchety. ANT. Firm; con- 
stant; inflexible; unswerving. 

CAPRICIOUSLY (ka-prish'us-li), adv. In a 
capricious manner. 

CAPRICIOUSNESS (ka-prish'us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being capricious. 

CAPRICORN (kap'ri-karn), n. "The Goat," 10th 
sign, and 11th constellation in the order of the 
zodiac. [L. capricornus; from caper, goat, 
and cornu, horn.] 

CAPRIOLE (kap'ri-61), n. 1. Leap in the air 
made by a horse without advancing. 2. Caper 
in dancing. [O. Fr. capriole; It. capriola, 
leaping of a kid; capriolo, kid; from L. caper, 
capra, goat.] 

CAPSICUM (kap'si-kum), n. I. Genus of plants 
of the nightshade family. 2. [c-] Plant of 
this genus, or its hot, pungent fruit or seed 
from which cayenne pepper is made. [L. 
capsa, case, pod.] 

CAPSIZE (kap-siz), v. [pr.p. CAPSIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. CAPSIZED (kap-sizd').] I. vt. Up- 
set or overturn. II. vi. Become upset or 
overturned. [Etym. doubtful; Skeat suggests 
Sp. cabecear, nod or pitch.] 

CAPSIZE (kap-siz'), n. Act of capsizing; upset. 

CAPSTAN (kap'stan), n. Upright windlass 
turned by spokes so as to wind upon it a cable 
which draws something, generally the anchor, 
on board ship. [Fr. cabestan, capestan; from 
L. capistrum, halter; capio, hold.] 

CAPSTONE (kap'ston), n. Arch. Coping. 

CAPSULAR (kap'su-lar), a. 1. Hollow, like a 
capsule. 2. Pertaining to a capsule. 

CAPSULARY (kap'su-la-ri), a. Capsular. 

CAPSULATE (kap'su-lat), CAPSULATED (kap- 
su-la-ted), a. Inclosed in a capsule. 

CAPSULE (kap'sul), n. 1. Bot. Any dry de- 
hiscent seed vessel, internally consisting of 
one or more cells. 2. Anal. Membranous 
envelope or sac, as the capsule of the crystal- 
line lens. 3. Chem. Small shallow vessel. 
4. Med. Small gelatinous case for inclosing 
a nauseous dose of medicine, so as to allow 
it to be swallowed without being tasted. 5. 
Metallic cap or cover for the mouth of a 
bottle. 6. Shell of a metallic cartridge. [Fr.; 
from L. capsula, dim. of capsa, case.] 

CAPTAIN (kap'tin), n. 1. Commander of a 
company of infantry or troop of cavalry. 2. 



Commander of a war-ship or master of any 
ship or vessel. 3. Leader or successful man- 
ager on a large scale, in any line of business, 
as captain of finance, etc. 4. Generally, any 
head or chief officer, as the overseer of a mine, 
leader of a team or club, etc. [O. Fr. captaine; 
from L. L. capitanus, chief; from L. caput, 
head.] 

CAPTAINCY (kap'tin-si), n. [pi. CAP'TAINCIES.] 
Rank or commission of a captain. 

CAPTAIN-GENERAL (kap-tin-jen'er-al), n. Mil- 
itary commander of a Spanish province or 
other large territorial division. 

CAPTAINSHIP (kap tin-ship), n. 1. Rank or 
commission of a captain. 2. Skill in com- 
manding. 

CAPTION (kap'shun), n. 1. Heading of a 
chapter or other division of a book or docu- 
ment. 2. Act of taking or seizing. 3. Law. 
Formal title of a deposition or other legal in- 
strument showing the authority under which 
it is executed. [L. captionem; from captus, 
p.p. of capio, take.] 

CAPTIOUS (kap'shus), a. 1. Ready to catch at 
faults or take offense; hypercritical. 2. Pro- 
ceeding from a caviling disposition. 3. Cap- 
tivating. [L. captiosus; from capto, seize.] 

CAPTIOUSLY (kap'shus-li), adv. In a captious 
manner. 

CAPTIOUSNESS (kap'shus-nes), n. Quality of 
being captious. 

CAPTIVATE (kap'ti-vat), vt. [pr.p. CAP'TIVA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. CAPTIVATED.] Charm 
into subjection; engage the affections 
of. [L. captivatus, p.p. of captivo, make 
captive.] 

SYN. Charm; enchant; entrance; enrap- 
ture; fascinate; enamor; bewitch. ANT. 
Annoy; disgust; repel. 

CAPTIVE (kap'tiv), I. n. 1. Prisoner of war. 
2. One held in confinement; prisoner. 3. 
One who is captivated or enthralled. II. a. 1. 
Taken or kept prisoner in war. 2. Kept im- 
prisoned or confined. 3. Charmed or subdued; 
captivated. [L. captivus; from captus, p.p. of 
capio, take.] 

CAPTIVITY (kap-tiv'i-ti), n. State of being 
captive. 

CAPTOR (kap'tur), n. One who captures. 

CAPTURE (kap'tur), vt. [pr.p. CAPTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAPTURED (kap'turd).] 1. 
3Iake captive; take or seize by force and hold. 
2. Take as a prize. [L. captura; from captus, 
p.p. of capio, take.] 

CAPTURE (kap'tur), n. 1. Act of capturing. 
2. Person or thing captured; prisoner; prize. 

CAPUA (kap'u-ii), n. City in Italy, on the 
Volturno, 27 m. N. of Naples. 

CAPUCHIN (kap'u-chin or kap-u-shen'), n. 1. 
One of a branch of Franciscan monks, so 
called from wearing a pointed cowl or hood at- 
tached to the ordinary Franciscan coat. 2. 
[c-] Hooded cloak. 3. [c-] Hooded pigeon. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burnt 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfi, in Scotch lock. 



CAPYBARA 



187 



CARBURETER 



4. [c-] Hooded monkey, the back part of whose 
head is black, the remainder of the body being 
grayish. [It. cappucino, dim. of cappuccio, 
cowl.] 

CAPYBARA (kap-i-bar'a), n. Largest of rodent 
quadrupeds, native of South America, allied 
to the guinea-pig. [Brazilian.] 

CAR (kar), n. 1. Vehicle with flanged wheels for 
running on a railroad or street railway, as a 
passenger car, a freight car, a street car, etc. 

2. Any one of various forms of carriages, 
as a triumphal car, a chariot, a motor car, etc. 

3. Cage of an elevator. 4. Part of a balloon 
or airship in which the aeronauts ride. [0. 
Fr.; from L. L. and Celt, carrus, car (wheeled 
vehicle).] 

CARACAS (ka-ra/kas), n. Capital of Venezuela. 

CARACK (kar'ak), n. Large and slow-sailing 
ship of burden. [Sp. carracca.] 

CARACOLE (kar'a-kol), n. 1. Act of wheeling 
half round, as a prancing horse. 2. Winding 
or spiral staircase. [Fr. ; fromSp. caracol, snail.] 

CARACOLE (kar'a-kol), vt. [pr.p. CARACO- 
LING; p.t. and p.p. CARACOLED (kar'a-kold).] 
Turn or wheel half round; prance; curvet. 

CARAFE (ka-raf), n. Glass water-bottle; de- 
canter. [Fr.] 

CARAMEL (kar'a-mel), n. 1. Burnt sugar. 2. 
Kind of confection, usually of sugar, butter, 
etc. [Fr. ; from Sp. caratnelo, sugar lozenge.] 

CARAPACE (kar'a-pas), CARAPAX (kar'a- 
paks), n. Hard vaulted shell of the turtle, 
crab, lobster and other crustaceans. [Fr.; 
from Sp. carapache.] 

CARAT (kar'at), n. 1. Unit of weight for pre- 
cious stones, equal to about three and one- 
fifth troy grains. 2. Twenty-fourth part, 
used to express the fineness of gold. Thus, 
24 carats fine, means all gold, 18 carats fine, 
three-quarters gold. [Fr.; from Ar. girdt.] 

CARAVAN (kar'a-van), n. 1. Company of 
travelers associated together for security in 
crossing an Oriental desert. 2. Train of wag- 
ons carrying the outfit and company of a 
traveling menagerie. 3. Van; house on 
wheels. [Pers. kdrwdn.] 

CARAVANSARY (kar-a-van'sa-ri), n. [pi. 
CARAVAN'SARIES.] In Oriental countries, a 
large unfurnished inn, with a spacious court 
In the middle, for the accommodation of car- 
avans. [Pers. kdrwdn- 
sardl — kdrtvdn, caravan, 
and sardt, inn.] 

CARAVEL (kar'a-vel), n. 1. 
Light galley-rigged vessel, 
formerly used in Portugal. 
[Gr. karabos, light ship.] 

CARAWAY (kar'a-wa), n. 
Plant with aromatic seeds 
used as a tonic and con- 
diment. [Ar. karwiyd.] 

CARBACIDOMETER (kar- 
bas-i-dom'e-ter), n. In- 




Caraway. 



strument for ascertaining amount of carbonic 
acid gas in the air. 

CARBIC (kiir'bik), n. Hydraulic pressed acety- 
lene carbide in cylindrical form. 

CARBIDE (kar'bid), n. Compound formed by 
the union of carbon with an element, as cal- 
cium-carbide; carburet. 

CARBINE (kar'bin), n. Short rifle, chiefly used 
by cavalry. [O. Fr. carabin, little gun.] 

CARBINEER (kar-bi-ner), n. Soldier armed 
with a carbine. 

CARBOAZOTINE (kar-bo-az'o-ten), n. Gun- 
powder-like explosive to which sulphate of 
iron has been added. 

CARBOLATE (kar'bo-lat), vt. [pr.p. CAR'BO- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. CARBOLATED.] Im- 
pregnate with carbolic acid. 

CARBOLIC (kar-bol'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
coal-tar. — Carbolic acid, acid produced from 
coal-tar, used as a disinfectant. [CARBON, 
and L. oleum, oil.] 

CARBON (kar'bun), n. 1. Elementary sub- 
stance, of which the diamond and graphite are 
forms. 2. Something made of carbon, as the 
carbon rod of an arc lamp. [L. carbo, car- 
bonis, coal.] 

CARBONA (kar-bo'na), n. Carbonate of tin. 

CARBONACEOUS (kar-bo-na'shus), o. Per- 
taining to or composed of carbon. 

CARBONATE (kar'bun-at), n. Chem. Salt of 
carbonic acid. 

CARBONATE (kar'bun-at), vt. [pr.p. CAR'BON- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. CARBONATED.] Im- 
pregnate with carbonic acid. 

CARBONIC (kar-bon'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
carbon. — Carbonic acid, acid formed of carbon 
and oxygen, generally gaseous, and evolved 
by respiration and combustion. 

CARBONIFEROUS (kar-bun-if'er-us), a. Pro- 
ducing or containing carbon. [CARBON and 
-FEROUS.] 

CARBONIZATION (kar-bun-i-za'shun), n. Act 
or process of carbemizing. 

CARBONIZE (kar'bun-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CARBON- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. CARBONIZED (kar'bun- 
izd).] 1. Convert into carbon. 2. Coat with 
carbon. 3. Carbonate. 

CARBORUNDUM (kar-bo-run'dum), n. Carbon 
and silicon, compounded in the electric furnace 
and used for grinding and other purposes. 

CARBOY (kar'boy), n. Large globular bottle 
protected by wickerwork or a box. [Pers. 
quardba.] 

CARBUNCLE (kar'bung-kl), n. 1. Gem of a 
deep red color; variety of garnet. 2. Inflamed 
ulcer; anthrox. [L. carbunculus, dim. of carbo, 
coal.] 

CARBURET (kar'bu-ret), vt. [pr.p. CARBU- 
RETING; p.t. and p.p. CARBURETED.] Im- 
pregnate with carbon; carburize. 

CARBURET (kar'bu-ret), n. Same as CAR- 
BIDE. 

CARBURETER (kar'bu-ret-er), CARBURETOR 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burs, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=eft in Scotch loch. 



CARBURIZATION 



188 



CAREFULLY 



(kar'bu-ret-fir), n. Carburizing chamber of 
an automobile. 

CARBURIZATION (kar-bu-ri-za'shun), n. Act 
or process of carburizing. 

CARBURIZE (kar'bu-riz), vt. [pr.p. CARBU- 
RIZING; p.t. and p.p. CARBURIZED (kar'- 
bu-rizd).] Impregnate with carbon, as by- 
mixing gasoline vapor with air in a carbu- 
reter. 

CARCANET (kar'ka-net), n. Collar of jewels. 
[Dim. of Fr. cacan, collar.] 

CARCASS, CARCASE (kar'kas), n. 1. Dead 
body of an animal. 2. Body of a living per- 
son or animal. 3. Frame or main parts of 
any structure, as the ribs of a ship. 4. Kind 
of bombshell. [Fr. carcasse, skeleton.] 

CARD (kard), n. 1. Piece of pasteboard on which 
are written, printed, or painted, words, sym- 
bols, etc., as a visiting card, playing card, 
picture card, etc. 2. Small oblong piece of fine 
cardboard for various uses. 3. Published notifi- 
cation, containing a brief announcement. 4. 
[pi.] Game played with playing cards. — Draw- 
ing card, attractive feature, as of a theater, 
opera, etc. [Fr. carte; from L. charta; Gr. 
charte, paper.] 

CARD (kard), n. 1. Instrument for combing 
wool, flax, etc. 2. Kind of currying tool. 
[Fr. carde; from L. carduus, thistle.] 

CARD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CARD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CARDED.] Comb with a card. 

CARDAMOM (kar'da-mom), n. Aromatic pun- 
gent seed, produced by various plants of the 
ginger family. [L. cardamomum; from Gr. 
kardamomon.] 

CARDBOARD (kard'bord), w. Stiff, finely fin- 
ished pasteboard. 

CARDEL (kar 'del), n. Naut. Large 64-gallon 
cask used on whaling vessels. 

CARDER (kard'er), n. One who or that which 
cards. 

CARDIAC (kar'di-ak), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the heart. 2. Cordial; reviving; stimu- 
lating. II. n. Medicine which acts as a 
stimulant or tonic by acting on the heart 
through the stomach. [L. cardiacus; Gr. kar- 
diakos; from kardia, heart.] 

CARDIALGIA (kar-di-al'ji-a), CARDIALGY 
(kar-diral'ji), n. Pathol. Uneasy sensation or 
burning pain at the upper orifice of the stom- 
ach, apparently at the heart; heartburn. [Gr. 
kardia, heart, and algos, pain.] 

CARDIFF (kar-dif), n. Seaport, Glamorgan- 
shire, Wales, on Severn River. 

CARDIGAN (kar'di-gan), n. Knitted jacket, 
named from Earl of Cardigan (1797-1868). 

CARDINAL (kiir'di-nal), I. a. 1. Denoting that 
on which a thing hinges or depends; chief; 
principal. 2. Of a deep scarlet color, like a 
cardinal's cloak. — Cardinal numbers, num- 
bers expressing how many, as one, two, three, 
etc. — Cardinal points, the four chief points 
of the compass: north, south, east, and west. 



— Cardinal virtues, justice, prudence, temper- 
ance, and fortitude. II. w. 1. One of the body 
of seventy ecclesiastical princes constituting 
the sacred college at Rome, to whom pertains 
the right of electing a new pope. 2. Deep 
scarlet color. 3. Red cloak formerly worn 
by women. [Fr.; from L. cardinalis; cardo, 
cardinis, hinge.] 

CARDINAL ATE (kar'di-nal-at), CARDINAL- 
SHIP (kar'di-nal-ship), w. Office or rank of a 
cardinal. 

CARDIOGRAM (kar'di-o-gram), n. The tracing 
made by a cardiograph. [Gr. kardia, heart, 
and gramma, writing.] 

CARDIOGRAPH (kar'di-o-graf), n. Machine 
which records by tracings on paper, the move- 
ments of the heart. [Gr. kardia, heart, and 
grapho, write.] 

CARDIOLOGY (kar-di-ol'o-ji), n. Science treat- 
ing of the heart, its functions and diseases. 
[Gr. kardia, heart, and -LOGY.] 

CARDIOPLEGIA (kar-di-o-ple'ji-a), n. Pathol. 
Sudden heart failure. 

CARDIOT031Y (kar-di-ot'o-mi), n. Surg. Dis- 
section of the heart. [Gr. kardia, heart, and 
tome, a cutting.] 

CARDITIS (kar-di'tis), w. Inflammation of the 
serous membranes of the heart. [Gr. kardia, 
heart, and suffix -ITIS.] 

CARDOON (kar-don), n. Perennial plant, the 
prickly artichoke of the Mediterranean region. 
[O. Fr.; from L. carduus, thistle.] 

CARE (kar), n. 1. Anxiety; solicitude. 2. 
Charge; oversight. 3. Caution; heed. 4. 
Regard; observant respect. 5. Object of 
anxiety or concern. [A. S. caru.] 

SYN. Concern; trouble; vexation; atten- 
tion; pains; vigilance; carefulness; circum- 
spection; watchfulness; superintendence; 
direction; management. ANT. Indifference; 
neglect; carelessness. 

CARE (kar), vi. [pr.p. CARING; p.t. and p.p. 
CARED (kard).] 1. Be anxious. 2. Be in- 
clined. 3. Have regard. 4. Have inclination 
or desire. 5. Trouble or worry one's self. 6. 
Mind; object. 

CAREEN (ka-ren'), v. [pr.p. CAREENING; p.U 
and p.p. CAREENED (ka-rend').] Naut. I. 
vt. Cause to keel over, as a ship. II. vi. In- 
cline to one side under press of sail. [Fr. 
carcne; from L. carina, keel.] 

CAREEN (ka-ren'), n. Position of a ship turned 
over on one side. 

CAREER (ka-rer'),n. 1. Course or line of life. 
2. Course or period of activity. 3. Race; 
rapid course; swift motion. [Fr. carriere, 
race course.] 

CAREER (ka-rer'), vi. [pr.p. CAREER'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAREERED (ka-rerd').] Move 
or run very rapidly. 

CAREFUL (kar'fol), a. 1. Watchful; circum- 
spect. 2. Provident; exact; attentive. 

CAREFULLY(kar'fol-i), adv. In a careful manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CAREFULNESS 



189 



CARNIFY 



CAREFULNESS (kar'fol-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing careful. 

CARELESS (kar'les), a. 1. Without care; heed- 
less; unconcerned. 2. Free from care; light- 
hearted. 3. Offhand; unstudied; easy; free. 

SYN. Negligent; thoughtless; unthink- 
ing; regardless; incautious; remiss; forget- 
ful; unmindful; inattentive; listless; incon- 
siderate; unguarded. ANT. Heedful; at- 
tentive; watchful; cautious; circumspect. 

CARELESSLY (kar'les-li), adv. In a careless 
manner. 

CARELESSNESS (kar'les-nes), n. Quality of 
being careless. 

CARESS (ka-res'), n. Act or expression of en- 
dearment; fondling touch; embrace. [Fr. 
caresser; from L. cams, dear.] 

CARESS (ka-res'), v. [pr.p. CARESSING; p.t. 
and p.p. CARESSED (ka-rest').] I. vt. 1. 
Treat with affection. 2. Fondle. 3. Em- 
brace. II. vi. Join in a reciprocal caress. 

CARET (kar'et), n. Mark [A] used in writing 
to show where some omitted word or words 
should be placed. [L. caret, there is wanting.] 

CAREWORN (kar'worn), a. Worn out with care; 
anxious. 

CARGO (kar'go), n. What a ship carries; ship's 
load or lading. [Sp., from cargar, load.] 

CARIR (kar'ib), n. One of a native race inhabit- 
ing parts of Central America, now almost ex- 
tinct. [Sp., cannibal.] 

CARIBBEAN (kar-ib-be'an) SEA. Atlantic 
Ocean between West Indies and South and 
Central America. 

CARIBOU (kar'i-bo), n. 
American reindeer. [Cana- 
dian Fr.] 

CARICATURE (kar'i-ka-tur), 
n. 1. Representation or de- 
scription of anything so ex- 
aggerated or distorted as to ^ 
appear ridiculous. 3. Act Caribou (Rangifer 
of caricaturing. [Fr.; from caribou). 

L. carrus, scar.] 

CARICATURE (kar'i-ka-tur), vt. [pr.p. CARI- 
CATURING; p.t. and p.p. CARICATURED 
(kar'i-ka-turd).] Turn into ridicule by over- 
doing a likeness of; burlesque. 

CARICATURIST (kar'i-ka-tur-ist), n. One who 
caricatures. 

CARIED (ka'rid), CARIOUS (ka'ri-us), a. Pathol. 
Decayed, as a carted bone or tooth. 

CARIES (ka/ri-ez), n. Pathol. Rottenness or 
decay of a bone or of a tooth. [L.] 

CARINA (ka-ii'na), n. Bot. 1. Medium ridge on 
the mericarp of an umbelliferous fruit. 2. 
Keel of a papilionaceous flower. [L., keel.] 

CARINATE (kar'i-nat), a. Keel-shaped. [L. 
carinatus; from carina, keel.] 

CARINTHIA (ka-rin'thi-a), n. Duchy, Austria. 
Area 3,987 sq. m. 

CARIOLE (kar'i-61), n. Small open carriage or 
cart. [Fr.; from L. carrus, car.] 




CARIOUS (ka'ri-us), a. Decayed, as teeth; ca- 

ried. 
CARKING (kark'ing), a. Distressing; causing 

anxiety. [A. S. cearig; from cam, cearu, 

care.] 
CAR-LOAD (kar'lod), n. As much as a car can 

hold. 
CARLSBAD (karlz'bad), n. City, Bohemia, 68 

m. W. by N. of Prague. 

Carlsruhe, Karlsruhe (kariz-ro'e), n. 

City, capital of Baden. 

CARMAGNOLE (kar-ma-nyol), n. Popular 
song and dance of the French Revolution. 
[Fr. ; from Carmagnola in Piedmont.] 

CARMAN (kar'man), n. [pi. CARMEN.] Man 
who drives a car or cart. 

CARMEL (kar'mel), n. Range of hills in Pal- 
estine, between Esdraelon and the sea. 

CARMELITE (kar'mel-it), n. Friar of order of 
Our Lady of Mount Carmel, in Syria. 

CARMINATIVE (kar-min'a-tiv), I. a. Med, 
Tending to relieve flatulence and pain in the 
bowels. II. n. Medicine to relieve flatulence, 
such as cardamoms, ginger, peppermint, and 
other stimulating aromatics. [L. carminatus, 
p.p. of carmimo, charm away; carmen, song, 
charm.] 

CARMINE (kar'min), n. 1. Crimson pigment 
from cochineal. 2. Crimson color. [Fr.] 

CARNAGE (kar'naj), n. 1. Great slaughter; 
massacre. 2. Bodies of the slain. [Fr.; from 
L. caro, carnis, flesh.] 

CARNAL (kar'nal), a. 1. Sensual; fleshly. 2. 
Natural as opposed to the spiritual. [L. car' 
nalis, from caro, carnis, flesh.] 

CARNALIST (kar'nal-ist), n. Sensualist; world- 
ling. 

CARNALITY (kar-nal'i-ti), w. State or quality 
of being carnal. 

CARNALIZE (kar'nal-iz), vt. [pr.p. CARNAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. CARNALIZED (kar'nal- 
izd).] Render carnal; debase carnally; sen- 
sualize. 

CARNALLY (kar'nal-i), adv. In a carnal man- 
ner. 

CARNAL-MINDED (kar'nal-mind-ed), a. Hav- 
ing one's mind engrossed by things of this 
world; worldly-minded. 

CARNATION (kar-na'shun), n. 1. Flesh-color; 
light rosy pink. 2. Bot. General name for 
garden varieties of the pink, Dianthus Caryo- 
phyllus. [L. carnatio, fleshiness.] 

CARNELIAN (kar-ne'li-an), n. Name given to 
the finer varieties of chalcedony, blood-red, 
flesh-color, reddish-brown, reddish-white, or 
yellow, more rarely milk-white. [Fr. coma- 
line; from L. cornu, horn.] 

CARNEOUS (kar'ne-us), a. Consisting of or 
like flesh. [L. carneus; from caro, flesh.] 

CARNIFY (kar'ni-fi), v. [pr.p. CAR'NIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CARNIFIED (kar'ni-fid).] I. vt. 
Form into flesh. II. vi. 1. Form flesh. 2. 
Change to a flesh-like consistence. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CARNIOLA 



190 



CARRIAGE 



CARNIOLA (kar-ni-6'la), n. Duchy, Austria 
(Ger. Krain). Area 3,847 sq. m. 

CARNIVAL (kar'ni-val),n. 1. Festival of gaiety 
observed during the week before the beginning 
of Lent, especially at Nice, Naples, and Rome. 
2. Any season of revelry and indulgence. [L. 
caro, carnis, flesh, and levo, put away.] 

CARNIVORA (kar-niv'o-ra), n. pi. Zool. Order 
of flesh-eating animals. [L., neut. pi. of car- 
nivorus, flesh-devouring; from caro, carnis, 
flesh, and vorus, devouring.] 

CARNIVORE (kar'ni-vor), n. 1. Carnivorous 
animal; one of the Carnivora. 2. Insectivor- 
ous plant. 

CARNIVOROUS (kar-niv'o-rus), a. Flesh-eat- 
ing. [L. carnivorus. See CARNIVORA.] 

CARNOTITE (kar 'no-tit), n. Vanadate of ura- 
nium, potassium with other chemicals. 

CAROB (kar'ob), n. Evergreen leguminous tree, 
growing wild in countries bordering the Medi- 
terranean, or its seed-pod filled with a mealy, 
succulent pulp; also called algaroba-bean. 
[Fr. caroube; from Ar. kharrubah, bean- 
pod.] 

CAROL (kar'ul), <&. Joyous song or singing, as 
of a bird. 2. Song of praise. [O. Fr. carole.] 

CAROL (kar'ul), v. [pr.p. CAR'OLING; p.t. and 
p.p. CAROLED (kar'uld).] I. vt. 1. Utter joy- 
fully in song. 2. Praise or celebrate in song. 
II. vi. 1. Sing joyously; warble. 2. Sing a 
carol. 

Caroline (karo-iin) Islands. Group in n. 

Pacific, sold to Germany by Spain in 1899. 

CAROM (kar'um), n. 1. Stroke in billiards by 
which the cue ball is driven against two 
other balls in succession. 2. The successive 
impact. In England called cannon. [Fr. car- 
ambole.] 

CAROM (kar'um), vi. [pr.p. CAROMING; p.t. 
and p.p. CAROMED (kar'umd).] Make a 
carom. 

CAROTID (ka-rot'id), I. n. Anat. Artery which 
conveys the blood from the aorta to the head, 
there being one on each side of the neck. II. 
a. Of or pertaining to one or both of the ca- 
rotids. [Gr. karotides; from karos, sleep.] 

CAROUSAL (ka-rowz'al), n. Boisterous merry- 
making; drinking bout; carouse. 

SYN. Revel; wassail; orgy; spree. 

CAROUSE (ka-rowz'), n. 1. Noisy revel; drink- 
ing bout. 2. Bumper, or deep draft of liquor. 
[O. Fr. carous; Fr. carrouse; from Ger. gar aus, 
quite out! that is, empty the glass.] 

CAROUSE (ka-rowz), vi. [pr.p. CAROUS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAROUSED (ka-rowzd).] Hold 
a drinking bout; drink freely and noisily. 

CAROUSEL (kar'6-zel), n. Merry-go-round. 

CAROUSER (ka-rowz'er), n. One who carouses. 

CAROUSINGLY (ka-rowz'ing-li), adv. In a ca- 
rousing manner; like a carouser. 

CARP (karp), n. [pi. CARP.] Fresh-water fish, 
the Cyprinus cyprio, common in rivers and 
ponds. [O. Fr. carpe.] 



CARP (karp), vi. [pr.p. CARP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

CARPED (kiirpt).] Catch at small faults or 

errors; cavil. [Ice. karpa.] 
CARPAL (kar 'pal), a. Pertaining to the wrist. 

[Gr. karpos, wrist.] 

Carpathian (kar-pa'tw-an) Mountains. 

Range inclosing Hungary. 

CARPEL (kar'pel), n. Bot. Modified leaf form- 
ing the whole or part of the pistil of a flower. 
[Gr. carpos, fruit.] 

CARPENTER (kar'pen-ter), n. Worker in timber 
as used in building houses, ships, etc. [O. Fr. 
carpentier.] 

CARPENTRY (kar'pen-tri), n. 1. Trade or work 
of a carpenter. 2. Work done by a carpenter; 
woodwork. 

CARPER (karp'er), n. One who carps or cavils. 

CARPET (kar'pet), n. 1. Woven or felted cov- 
ering of floors, stairs, etc. 2. Anything used 
for or serving as a carpet, as a floor 
mosaic. See AxMINSTER, BRUSSELS, 
INGRAIN. [L. L. carpeta, coarse fabric made 
from rags pulled to pieces; from L. carpo, 
pluck.] 

CARPET (kar'pet), vt. [pr.p. CAR'PETING; p.t. 
and p.p. CARPETED.] Cover with carpet. 

CARPETBAG (kar pet-bag), n. Traveler's hand- 
bag or valise, so called because formerly made 
of carpeting. 

CARPETBAGGER (kar'pet-bag-er), n. One who 
comes to a place for political or other ends, 
carrying his whole property qualification for 
citizenship with him in his carpetbag. 

CARPET-BEETLE (kar'pet-be-tl), n. Beetle 
(Anthrenus scrophularice), whose larvae feed 
on, and are very destructive to, woolen carpets. 

CARPETING (kar'pet-ing), n. 1. Material of 
which carpets are made. 2. Carpets in gen- 
eral. 

CARPET-KNIGHT (kar'pet-nit), n. One whose 
deeds of valor are done, not on the field of bat- 
tle, but in the drawing-room. 

CARPOLOGY (kar-pol'o-ji), n. Branch of bot- 
any which treats of the structure of fruits and 
seeds. [Gr. Jcarpos, fruit, and -LOGY.] 

CARPOPHORE (kar'po-for), n. Bot. 1. A slen- 
der column or prolongation of the axis, bear- 
ing the carpels, as in the geranium. 2. The 
stalk of a sporocarp. 

CARPUS (kar'pus), n. [pi. CARPI (kar'pi).] 
Anat. Wrist. [L. L.] 

CARRAGEEN (kar'a-gen), n. Irish moss, ma- 
rine alga used for making a kind of blanc- 
mange. [From Carragheen, Ireland, where 
it is found abundantly.] 

CARRARA (kar-ra/ra), n. Town in Italy. White 
marble quarries. 

CARRIAGE (kar'ij), n. 1. Wheeled vehicle for 
carrying persons. 2. Any means of convey- 
ance. 3. Act of carrying. 4. Cost of carry- 
ing. 5. Behavior; deportment; manners. 6. 
Management. 7. Arch. Framework which 
supports the steps of a wooden staircase. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CARRIER 



191 



CARVE 



8. In England, a railway passenger-car. [O. 
Fr. cartage; from carter; from L. carrus, car.] 

CARRIER (kari-er), n. 1. One who or that 
which carries anything. 2. One whose busi- 
ness is to carry goods or persons for hire; 
common carrier. 3. One whose business is 
to carry and deliver or distribute articles of any 
kind, as a letter-carrier, a paper-carrier, etc. 

CARRIER-PIGEON (kar'i-er-pij-un), n. Pig- 
eon used for carrying messages; homing pig- 
eon. 

CARRION (kar'i-un), I. n. Putrefying flesh; 
carcass. II. a. Pertaining to or feeding on 
carrion. [O. Fr. caroigne; from L. caro t flesh.] 

CARROT (kar'ut), n. 1. Umbelliferous plant, 
having a tapering root of a reddish or yellow- 
ish color. 2. The root itself, which is edible 
and sweet. [Fr. carotte; L. carota.] 

CARROTY (kar'ut-i), a. Carrot-colored, refer- 
ring to the hair. 

CARRY (kar'i), v. [pr.p. CAR'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. CARRIED (kar'id).] I. vt. 1. Convey or 
transport. 2. Bear about. 3. Support; sus- 
tain; uphold. 4. Involve; imply. 5. In- 
fluence; move. 6. Gain or win. 7. Cause 
to pass; get through, as a bill in Congress. 8. 
Transfer. 9. Show or display; conduct or 
behave. 10. Keep for sale; deal in. 11. 
Extend credit to. II. vi. 1. Act as a carrier 
or bearer. 2. Have a propelling power. [O. 
Fr. carter; from L. L. carrico, convey in a cart; 
L. carrus, car.] 

CARRY (kar'i), n. [pi. CAR'RIES.] Portage, or 
place where a boat must be carried overland. 

CARRY-ALL (kari-al), n. Light four-wheeled 
carriage drawn by one horse. [From CARI- 
OLE.] 

CARSON ClTY (kiir'sun sit'i). Capital of the 
State of Nevada. 

CART (kart), n. 1. Heavy two-wheeled vehicle. 
2. Light two-wheeled carriage. [A. S. crm.~\ 

CART (kart), v. [pr.p. 
CARTING; p.t. and 
p.p. CARTED.] I. 
vt. Carry in a cart. 
II. vi. Drive a cart. 

CARTAGE (kart'aj), 
n. Act or cost of 
carting. 

Cartagena (kar- 

ta-ha'na), n. 1. 

senal of Spain. 

America. 
CARTE (kart), n. 1. Card ; bill of fare. 2. Cer- 
tain position in the art of fencing. [Fr.] 
CARTE-BLANCHE (kart-blangsh'), n. Blank 

paper, duly signed, and given to a person, to 

be filled up at his pleasure. [Fr.] 
CARTE-DE-VISITE (kart-de-vi-zef), n. [pi. 

CARTES-DE-VISITE ( kart-de-vi-zef). ] 1. 

Visiting card. 2. Small photographic portrait 

pasted on a card. [Fr.] 
CARTEL (kart'el), n. Written agreement be- 




Cart. 

Seaport city, chief naval ar- 
2. City in Colombia, South 




Hannibal, famous 
Carthaginian Gen- 
eral. Born B.C. 
247-diedB.C143. 

One who 



tween belligerents, usually concerning an ex- 
change of prisoners. [Fr.] 

CARTER (kart'er), n. One who drives a cart. 

CARTHAGE (kar'thaj), n. Famous ancient 
city on North coast of Africa. 

Carthaginian (kar-tna- 

jin'i-an), n. Native of 
Carthage, ancient country 
of North Africa. 

CARTILAGE (kar'ti-laj), 
n. Firm, elastic animal 
tissue of a pearly white- 
ness; gristle. [Fr., from 
L. cartilago, gristle.] 

CARTILAGINOUS (kar-ti- 
laj'i-nus), a. 1. Pertaining 
to or consisting of carti- 
lage; gristly. 2. Having 
the internal skeleton in a 
state of cartilage or gristle, 
as some fishes. 

CARTOGRAPHER (kar-tog'ra-fer), n. 
makes or compiles charts or maps. 

CARTOGRAPHY (kar-tog'ra-fi), n. Art or busi- 
ness of making charts or maps. [L. charta, 
chart, and -GRAPHY.] 

CARTOMANCY (kar'to-man-si), n. Fortune- 
telling with playing-cards. [Fr. cartor 
mancie.] 

CARTON (kar'tun), n. 1. Thin pasteboard. 2. 
Box made of fine thin pasteboard. 3. White 
disk on bull's-eye of a target. [Fr.] 

CARTOON (kar-ton'), n. 1. Preparatory draw- 
ing on strong paper to be transferred to fres- 
coes, tapestry, etc. 2. Any sketch or design 
on paper, especially a comic one, caricaturing 
some person or event; caricature picture. 
[Fr. carton* pasteboard; from L. charta, paper.] 

CARTOONIST (kar-ton'ist), n. One who makes 
cartoons. 

CARTOUCH, CARTOUCHE (kar-tosh'), n. 1. 
Oval figure on ancient Egyptian monuments 
or papyri, containing hieroglyphics. 2. Arch, 
Ornament resembling a scroll of paper with 
the ends rolled up. 3. Mil. Cartridge case; 
waterproof canvas bag for holding the car- 
tridges of a field battery, one to each ammuni- 
tion-box. 4. Cartridge. [Fr. cartouche, car- 
tridge; from L. charta, paper.] 

CARTRIDGE (kar'trij), n. Shell of metal, paste- 
board, paper, etc., containing a charge for a 
firearm or for blasting. — Blank cartridge, 
cartridge containing no bullet or other projec- 
tile. [Corrup. of CARTOUCH.] 

CARUNCLE (kar'ung-kl), n. Fleshy excrescence, 
either natural or morbid. [L. caruncula; from 
caro, flesh.] 

CARUS (ka'rus), n. State of coma coupled with 
absolute insensibility. 

CARVE (karv), v. [pr.p. CARVING; p.t. and p.p. 
CARVED (karvd).] I. vt. 1. Cut raised forms, 
devices, etc., upon. 2. Fashion or shape by 
cutting or cbiseling; sculpture. 3. Cut into 



I 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CARVEL 



192 



CASH 



pieces or slices for serving, as roast meat at 
table. 4. Accomplish, as if by cutting or 
hewing a way. — Carve out, hew out; gain by 
one's exertions. II. vi. 1. Exercise the trade 
of a sculptor or carver. 2. Perform the act of 
carving. 3. Cut up meat for serving at table* 
[A. S. ceorfan.] 

CARVEL (kar'vel), n. Older form of CARAYEL. 

CARVENE (kar'ven), n. Chem. Tasteless and 
odorless distillation of the oil of caraway seeds. 

CARVER (karv'er), n. 1. One who carves. 2. 
Carving-knife. 3. [pi.] Carving set of knife, 
fork and sharpening steel. 

CARVING (karv'ing), n. 1. Act of carving. 2. 
Branch of sculpture performed on wood or 
ivory. 3. Device or figure carved. 4. Act 
or art of cutting up meat at table. 

CAR- WHEEL (kar'hwel), n. Specially con- 
structed wheel of either steel or compressed 
paper with steel flange tire used on railways 
in order to keep the cars on the rails. 

CARYATID (kar-i-at'id), n. [pi. CARYATIDES 
(kar-i-at'i-dez).] Arch. Sculptured figure of 
a woman dressed in long robes, used instead 
of a column to support an entablature. [Gr.] 

CARYINITE (ka-ri'in-it), n. Min. Arsenate 
of lead, calcium and manganese. 

CASCADE (kas-kad'), n. 1. Waterfall; small 
cataract. 2. Trimming of lace, etc., in a 
loose, wavy fall. — Cascade connection. Elec. 
Series connection. [Fr. — It. — L. cado, fall.] 

Cascade (kas-kado Mountains. Range in 

Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia. 
CASCARA (kas'ka-ra), n. 1. Bark of the Cas- 

cara amarga, a tree 

native to Honduras, 

used as an alterative 

tonic in skin affec- 
tions. 2. Bark of 

the Cascara sagrada, 

a tree of California, 

used as a tonic aperi- 
ent. [Sp., bark.] 
CASCARILLA (kas- 

ka-rll'a), n. Aro- 
matic bitter bark of 

the West Indian 

shrub, Croton Eleu- 

teria. [Sp., dim. of 

cascara, bark.] 
CASCO (kas'ko), n. [pi. 

CASCOS (kas'koz).]- 

Boat used for coast 

and river commerce 

In the bay and river 

of Manila. [Sp.] 
CASE (kas), n. 1. Box; receptacle; covering; 

sheath. 2. Box with its contents. 3. Set. 

4. Outer coating for walls. 5. Bookbinding. 

Boards and back, separate from the book. 6. 

Print. Frame in which a compositor has his 

types before him while at work. 7. Building. 

Casing. [O. Fr. casse.] 




Cascara sagrada (Ramnus 
purshiana) , 



CASE (kas), vt. [pr.p. CA'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
CASED (kast).] Supply with a case; put in or 
cover with a case; incase. 

CASE (kas), n. 1. Contingency; event. 2. Par- 
ticular state or condition. 3. Subject of ques- 
tion or inquiry. 4. Instance of disease. 5. 
Person under medical treatment. 6. Legal 
statement of facts. 7. Peculiar person. 
(Colloq.) 8. Gram. Form assumed by a noun 
or pronoun according to its relation to other 
words in a sentence; the relation thus Indi- 
cated. [O. Fr. cas; from L. casus; from cado, 
fall.] 

SYN. Occurrence; circumstance; fact; 
instance. ANT. Hypothesis; supposition; 
theory; fancy; conjecture. 

CASEHARDEN (kas'hard-n), vt. [pr.p. CASE'- 
HARDENING; p.t. and p.p. CASEHARD- 
ENED (kas'hard-nd).] 1. Harden a surface of, 
as iron, by carbonizing. 2. Make callous or 
indifferent. 

CASEHARDENED (kas'hard-nd), a. 1. Hav- 
ing outer shell of hardened steel, as in the case 
of knives, tools, etc. 2. Insensitive to shame 
and devoid of honor. 

CASEIN, CASEINE (ka'se-in), n. Organic sub- 
stance contained in milk and cheese. [L. 
caseus, cheese.] 

CASE-KNIFE (kas'nif), n. [pi. CASE'KNIVES.] 
Large table-knife; formerly knife carried in a 
sheath. 

CASEMATE (kas'mat), n. Any bomb-proof 
vaulted chamber for the protection of troops, or 
bomb-proof arch within embrasures for guns. 
[Fr.] 

CASEMENT (kas'ment), n. 1. Sash or frame of 
a window. 2. Window that opens on hinges. 
3. Hollow molding. 4. Case or covering; 
encasement. [From CASE (box or frame).] 

CASEOUS (ka'se-us), a. Pertaining to or of the 
nature of cheese. [L. caseus, cheese.] 

CASERN (ka-sern'), n. Structure for the lodge- 
ment of soldiers in a town; barracks. [Fr., 
from Sp. caserna, house.] 

CASE-SHOT (kas shot), n. Metal case containing 
projectiles, which bursts after leaving the gun; 
canister. 

CASEWORK (kas'wurk), n. Type-setting by 
hand from the case or font of letters. 

CASE-WORM (kas'wurm), n. Caddice; caddis. 

CASH (kash), n. 1. Ready money, including 
current coins, national currency, banknotes, 
and sometimes valuable securities capable 
of being readily converted into money. 2. 
Money paid at time of purchase, or within a 
time fixed by commercial usage. — Cash down, 
or spot cash, immediate payment. [O. Fr. 
casse, box.] 

SYN. Coin; specie; gold; silver; curren- 
cy; bills; notes. 

CASH (kash), vt. [pr.p. CASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CASHED (kasht).] Turn into or exchange 
for money, as a draft or check. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CASH 



193 



CASSOWARY 



CASH (kash), n. [pi. CASH.] 1. Name given by 
foreigners to a Chinese brass coin having a 
square hole in the center, of the value of one- 
tenth of a cent, and called by the Chinese tsien. 
2. Copper coin used by British East India Co. 
for currency in Madras. 




Chinese Cash of the reign of the late Em- 
peror, Kwang Hsu. 




Obverse. 



Reverse. 



iTen Cash Piece of the East India Co. 
SH-BOOK (kash'bok), w . Book in which an 
iccount is kept of receipts and disbursements 
>f money. 
SH-BOY (kash'boi), n. [fern. CASH'GIRL.] 
Soy employed to carry money between sales- 
nen and the cashier in a store or shop. 
SH-CARRIER(kash'kar-i-er), n. Device that 
akes the place of a cash-boy or cash-girl. 
SHEW (ka-sho'), n. Bot. Tropical tree 
Anacardium occidentale), the fruit of which is 
m edible kidney-shaped nut. [Fr. acayou; 
Brazilian acajoba.] 
SHIER (kash-er'), vt. [pr.p. CASHIER'ING; 
).t. and p.p. CASHIERED (kash-erd).] 1. 
dismiss or discharge in disgrace. 2. Discard 
>r dismiss. [Dut. casseren; O. Fr. casser, dis- 
iharge.] 
CASHIER (kash-er'), n. One who has charge of 
the receiving and paying of money; cash- 
keeper. [Fr. cassier.] 
CASHMERE (kash'mer), n. State in India gov- 
erned by the British. — Cashmere goat, animal 
noted for its fine wool used for making cash- 
mere. 
CASHMERE (kash'mer), n. 1. Rich and costly 
fabric, made from the fine wool of the Cash- 
mere goat. 2. Fine woolen fabric made In 
Imitation of the real cashmere. 



CASH-REGISTER (kash'rej-is-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for registering amount of money paid 
by customer, the amount being indicated In 
plain view on the face of the instrument. 

CASING (kas'ing), n. 1. Outside covering, as 
of boards, plaster, etc. 2. Act of inclosing 
in a case or covering. 

CASINO (ka-se'no), n. 1. Club-house or public 
building provided with rooms for social meet- 
ings, dancing, billiards, etc. 2. Game of 
cards, sometimes spelled cassino. [It., dim. 
of casa, house; L. casa, cottage.] 

CASK (kask), n. 1. Barrel-shaped wooden ves- 
sel used for inclosing liquor or provisions. 2, 
Quantity a cask will hold. [Fr. casque; Sp. 
casco, skull, helmet, cask.] 

CASKET (kas'ket), n. 1. Small case for holding 
jewels, etc. 2. Burial case; coffin. [Fr. 
cassette; dim. of casse, case.] 

CASPIAN Sea (kas'pi-an s5). Sea between 
Europe and Asia. Area 180,000 sq. m. 

CASQUE (kask), n. Helmet. [Fr.] 

CASSANDRA (kas-san'dra), n. Greek Myth. 
Daughter of Priam and Hecuba; was granted 
by Apollo the power of seeing into futurity, 
but he prevented the Trojans from believing 
her predictions. 

CASSATION (kas-sa'shun), n. Act of making 
null or void. [L. L. cassationem; from casso, 
quash.] 

CASSAVA (kas-sa'va), n. 1. West Indian name 
of the tropical plant variously called mandioc, 
manihoc, manihot, and manioc, 2. Starch 
produced from the root of this plant; manioca; 
tapioca. [Haytian kasabi.] 

CASSEL, KaSSEL (kas'el), n. Town in Prus- 
sian province of Hesse Nassau. 

CASSIA (kash'ya), n. 1. Bot. Genus of legumi- 
nous plants of many species, including the 
senna. 2. [c— ] Coarse kind of cinnamon; 
cassia-bark. — Cassia buds, flower buds of a 
species of cassia ( Cinnamomum Cassia), used 
in flavoring and confectionery. 

CASSIMERE (kas'i-mer), n. Twilled cloth of the 
finest wools. [Fr. casimir.] 

CASSINO (kas-se'no), n. Game of cards. [See 
CASINO.] 

CASSOCK (kas'uk), n. 1. Close-fitting coat 
worn under the gown or surplice by the clergy 
of the Anglican and Roman Catholic churches. 
Generally the cassock is black, but in the Ro- 
man Catholic church the bishops wear purple, 
the cardinals scarlet, and the pope white. 2. 
Formerly, a long loose gown worn over the 
outer garments. [Fr. easaque.] 

CASSOWARY (kas'o-wa-ri), n. [pi. CASS'O- 
WARD3S.] Ostrich-like bird of Australia, 
having shorter wings than the ostrich, and so 
poorly supplied with feathers as to give the ap- 
pearance, at a little distance, of having a coat of 
coarse or hanging hair. It is a very swift 
runner. [Malay, kasudri.] 



i 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CAST 



194 



CASUALTY 



CAST (kast), v. [pr.p. CASTING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAST.] I. it. 1. Throw or fling. 2. Throw 
off; shed; drop. 3. Throw down, as in wrest- 
ling. 4. Throw together or reckon. 5. Scat- 
ter; spread. 6. 3Iold or shape. 7. Emit or 
send out. 8. Project, as a shadow. 9. De- 
posit, as a ballot. 10. Assign or allot. 11. 
Turn or direct, as the eye upon an object. II. 
vi. 1. Calculate; make a computation. 2. 
Take form or shape, as metal in a mold. 3. 
Consider. 4. Grow out from; warp. 5. Throw 
a fishing line in angling. 6. Naut. Fall or 
incline, so as to bring the ship's side to the 
wind. [Ice. casta, throw.] 

CAST (kast), n. 1. Act of throwing. 2. That 
which is thrown. 3. Distance thrown. 4. 
3Iotion, turn, or squint, as of the eye. 5. Haz- 
ard; chance. 6. Mold. 7. Thing run in a 
mold or molded. 8. Manner, stamp, or qual- 
ity. 9. Shade of color. 10. Assignment of 
the various parts of a play to the several actors. 
11. Company of actors to whom such parts 
have been assigned. 

CASTALIA(kas-taTi-a),n. Greek Myth. Foun- 
tain of Parnassus, sacred to Muses; its waters 
inspired all who drank of them. 

CASTANETS (kas'ta-nets), n.pl. Pair of 6mall 
spoon-shaped, concave shells of ivory or hard 
wood, bound together by a band fastening on 
the thumb, and when struck by the fingers 
producing a trilling sound, much used in Spain 
as an accompaniment to dances and guitars. 
[Sp. castaneta; from L. castanca, chestnut.] 

CASTAWAY (kast'a-wa), w. 1. Person ship- 
wrecked and cast adrift. 2. Outcast. 

CASTE (kast), n. 1. Among the Hindus, rank 
in society of an exclusive nature, due to birth. 
Rank of an exclusive nature generally. [Port. 
casta, breed; from L. castus, pure.] 

CASTELLAN (kas'te-lan), n. Warden of a castle. 
[O. Fr. castellain.'] 

CASTELLATED (kas'te-la-ted), a. Having tur- 
rets and battlements like a castle. [L. L. cas- 
tellatus; p.p. of castello, fortify; L. castellum, 
castle; fort.] 

CASTER (kast'er), n. 1. One who casts anything. 
2. Cruet for condiments used at table. 3. 
Cruet-stand. 4. Small wheel or roller on a 
swivel, for use on furniture; castor. 

CASTIGATE (kas'ti-gat), vt. [pr.p. CAS'TIGA- 
TIXG; p.t/and p.p.CAS'TIGATED.] 1. Chas- 
tise. 2. Criticise severely. [L. castigatus, 
p.p. of castigo, chasten.] 

CASTIGATION (kas-ti-ga'shun), n. Act of cas- 
tigating; chastisement; severe criticism. 

CASTILE (kas-tel'), n. Central district of Spain, 
divided into Old and New Castile. — Castile 
soap, hard refined soap made from olive oil 
and soda. 

CaSTILIAN (kas-til'yan), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Castile. II. n. 1. Native of Castile. 2. 
Language spoken in Castile; standard Spanish. 

CASTING (kast'ing), n. 1. Act of throwing, as 



of a stone, net, or angling line. 2. Act or proc- 
ess of computing. 3. Act of forming metal 
in a mold. 4. A throwing aside. 5. That 
which is cast. — Casting-line, line used in 
casting for fish. — Casting vote, vote given by 
the chairman of a meeting or legislative 
body when the votes for or against any propo- 
sition are equal; deciding vote. 

CAST-IRON (kast-i'urn), I. n. Iron melted 
and cast in molds. II. a. 1. Made of cast- 
iron. 2. Like cast-iron; very strong; un- 
yielding. 

CASTLE (kas'l), n. 1. Fortified building or for- 
tress. 2. Imposing residence-building or 
mansion. 3. Place of security and defense 
against injury and violence, as "every man's 
house is his castle." 4. Chess. Piece shaped 
like a tower; rook. — Castle building, forming 
visionary projects. — Castles in the air, or in 
Spain, groundless or visionary projects. [A. S. 
castel; from L. castellum, dim. of castrum, 
fort.] 

CASTLE (kas'l), vi. [pr.p. CASTLING; p.t. and 
p.p. CASTLED (kas'ld).] Chess J Bring the 
castle or rook up to the square next the king, 
and move the king to the square on the other 
side of the castle. 

CAST-OFF (kast'of), a. Laid aside as of no fur- 
ther use. 

CASTOR (kas'tur), n. Greek Myth. Twin brother 
of Pollux, son of Jupiter by Leda, wife of Tyn- 
darus; famous for his horsemanship; killed by 
Idas; restored to life on earth every other day. 

CASTOR (kas'tur), n. 1. Beaver. 2. Hat made 
of beaver's fur. 3. Silk hat, commonly called 
stovepipe hat. [L., from Gr. kastor, beaver.] 

CASTOR (kas'tur), n. Dark-colored, odorous 
matter secreted by glands in the groin of the 
beaver. [L. castoreum; from castor, beaver.] 

CASTOR (kast'ur), n. 1. Small wheel or roller 
on the legs of furniture. 2. Small vessel with 
perforated top for pepper, etc. [From CAST.] 

CASTOR-BEAN (kas'tur-ben), n. Bean or seed 
of the castor-oil plant, the Micinus communis. 

CASTOR-OIL (kas'tur-oil), n. Oil of the castor- 
bean, used as a ca- 
thartic. [CASTOR 
(unctuous matter se- 
creted by beavers), 
and OIL.] 

CASTRATE (kas'trat), 
vt. [pr.p. CASTRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. 
CASTRATED.] 1. De- 
prive of generating 
glands or power; 
emasculate; geld. 2. 
Expurgate. [L. cas- 
tratus.] 

CASUAL (kazh'u-al), a. Castor-oil Plant (Ricinus 
Happening by chance ; communis), 

accidental; unforeseen. [L. casualis.] 

CASUALTY (kazh'u-al-ti), n. [pi. CAS'UAL- 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
B=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, than, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



CASUIST 



195 



CATAPHONICS 




Angora Cat (Felis 
domestica). 



I.] 1. Accident resulting in death or dis- 
ablement. 2. That which chances; fortuitous 
occurrence. 

CASUIST (kazh'u-ist), n. One who is versed in 
casuistry. [Fr. casuiste; from L. casus, 
chance.] 

CASUISTIC (kazh-u-ist'ik), CASUISTICAL 
(kazh-u-ist'ik-al), a. Pertaining to casuistry. 

CASUISTRY (kazh'u-ist-ri), n. Science which 
professes to determine the rightfulness or 
wrongfulness of particular acts by rules de- 
rived from some accepted standard of right. 

CAT (kat), n. 1. Common 
domestic animal, kept for 
killing rats and mice. 2. 
Member of any of the sev- 
eral species of the genus 
Felis, as Felis leo, lion, 
Felis tigris, tiger, etc., all 
belonging to the family 
Felidce. 3. Catfish. 4. 
Cat-o' -nine-tails. 5. 
Double tripod with six 
legs. 6. Naut. Strong 
tackle for drawing an 
anchor to the cathead. 7. Kind of strong- 
built freight-ship. 8. Mil. Movable pent- 
house used by besiegers. [A. S. cat, cat.] 

CAT (kat), vt. [pr.p. CATTING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAT'TED.] Naut. Raise to the cathead, said 
of the anchor. 

CATA-, prefix. Down; under; against; com- 
pletely. [Gr. kata, down.] 

CATABOLIC, KATABOLIC (kat-a-bol'ik), a. 
Pertaining to catabolism. 

CATABOLISM, KATABOLISM (kat-ab'o-lizm), 
n. Biol. Discharging or disruptive process to 
which protoplasm or living matter is con- 
stantly subject; opposed to ANABOLISM. [Gr. 
katabole, throwing down; kataballo, throw 
down; from kata, down, and ballo, throw.] 
TACHRESIS (kat-a-kre'sis), n. Bhet. 1. Fig- 
ure by which a word is used in a sense different 
from, yet analogous to, its own. 2. Far- 
fetched metaphor. [L.] 

TACLYSM (kat'a-klizm), n. 1. Deluge; in- 
undation. 2. Geol. Sudden or violent revolu- 
tion of natural phenomena; catastrophe. [Gr. 
kataklysmos; from kata, down, and klyzo, 
wash.] 
ATACLYS3IAL (kat-a-kliz'mal), CATACLYS- 
MIC (kat-a-kliz'mik), a. Pertaining to or 
characterized by a cataclysm. 
ATACOMB (kat'a-kom), n. Subterranean gal- 
lery with recesses in its sides for burial of the 
dead. [It. catacomba; Gr. kata, down, and 
ky tribe, hollow.] 

CATACORNERED (kat'a-karn-erd), a. Same as 
CATERCORNERED. (Colloq.) 

CATACOUSTICS (kat-a-kos'tiks), n. Physics. 
Branch of acoustics which treats of echoes or 
sounds reflected. [Prefix CATA- and ACOUS- 
TICS.] 



CATADIOPTRICS (kat-a-di-op'triks), n. Phys- 
ics. Branch of optics which treats of the re- 
flection and refraction of light. [CATA- and 
DIOPTRICS.] 

CATAFALQUE (kat'a-falk), n. 1. Ornate struc- 
ture on which a dead body lies in state. 2. 
Funeral car. 3. Temporary tomb placed over 
the coffin of a distinguished person. [Fr. ; 
from It. catafalco, scaffold.] 

CATALECTIC (kat-a-lek'tik), a. Pros. Wanting 
one syllable at the end, or terminating in an 
imperfect foot. [Gr. kalalektikos, incom- 
plete.] 

CATALEPSY (kat'a-lep-si), n. Pathol. State of 
more or less complete insensibility, with ab- 
sence of the power of voluntary motion. [Gr. 
katalepsis, sudden seizure.] 

CATALEPTIC (kat-a-lep'tik), a. 1. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of catalepsy. 2. Subject 
to catalepsy. 

CATALOGUE, CATALOG (kat'a-log), n. List or 
systematic enumeration of articles generally 
in alphabetical order. [Fr., from L. L. cat- 
alogus; Gr. katalogos; kata, down, and lego, 
tell.] 

CATALOGUE, CATALOG (kat'a-log), vt. [pr.p. 
CATALOGUING; p.t. and p.p. CATALOGUED 
(kat'a-logd).] 1. Make a catalogue of . 2. Put 
in a catalogue. 

CATALPA (ka-tal'pa), n. Bot. 1. Genus of trees, 
native to the United States and Japan, marked 
by a low habit, profuse blossoms, and long 
cigar-like pendent pods. 2. [c-] Any tree of 
this genus. [Am. Ind.] 

CATALYSIS (ka-tal'i-sis), n. [pi. CATALYSES 
(ka-tal'i-sez).] Chem. Decomposition of a 
compound and the recomposition of its ele- 
ments, by the presence of a substance which 
does not itself suffer change, as in fermenta- 
tion. [Gr. katalysis; from kata, down, and 
lyd, loosen.] 

CATAMARAN (kat-a-ma-ran), n. 1. Raft, 
usually of three logs. 2. Old form of fire- 
raft, long superseded. 3. Termagant. [Tamil, 
"tied wood."] 

CATAMENIA (kat-a-me'ni-a), n.pl. Menses. 
[Gr. katamenios; kata, down, and men, menos, 
month.] 

CATAMENIAL (kat-a-me'ni-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to catamenia. 

CATAMOUNT (kat'a-mownt), n. 1. Cougar, 
puma, American panther, or mountain lion. 
2. Catamountain. [CAT and MOUNT.] 

CATAMOUNTAIN(kat-a-mown'tin),n. 1. Leop- 
ard. 2. Panther. 3. Ocelot. [For CAT OF 
MOUNTAIN.] 

CATANIA (ka-ta'ni-a), n. Capital of Catania 
province, Sicily. 

CATAPHONIC (kat-a-fon'ik), a. Pertaining to 
cataphonics. 

CATAPHONICS (kat-a-fon'iks), ». PJiysics. 
Science of reflected sounds; catacoustics. 
[CATA- and PHONICS.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CATAPLASM 



196 



CATECHISM 



CATAPLASM (kat'a-plazm), n. Med. Poultice 

or plaster. [Gr. kataplasma, plaster.] 
CATAPULT (kat'a- 

pult), n. 1. An- 
ciently, an engine 

of war resembling 

the ballista, for 

throwing stones, 

arrows, etc. 2. 

Small forked stick 

having an elastic 

string fixed to the 

two prongs, used by 

boys for throwing 

small stones. [L. catapulta 




Catapult. 



from Gr. kata- 
peltes; from kata, down, and pallo, hurl.] 

CATARACT (kat'a-rakt), n. 1. Great fall of wa- 
ter; waterfall; falls. 2. Opaque condition of 
the lens of the eye, causing blindness by ob- 
structing the passage of the light. [L. cata- 
racta; from Gr. kata, down, and arasso, dash.] 

CATARINITE (kat-a-re'nit), n. Mineral com- 
posed of iron and nickel found in South Amer- 
ica. 

CATARRH (ka-tar'), n. Morbid secretion or dis- 
charge of fluid from inflammation of a mucous 
membrane, especially of the nose. [L. catar- 
rhus; Gr. katarrhoos; kata, down, rhed, flow.] 

CATARRHAL ( ka-tar 'al), a. Pertaining to or 
arising from a catarrh. 

CATASTROPHE (ka-tas'tro-fe), n. 1. Final 
event. 2. Dramatic denouement. 3. Great 
calamity. 4. Geol. Cataclysm. [Gr., from 
kata, down, and strepho, turn.] 

CATBEAM (kat'bem), n. Naut. Longest beam 
of a vessel determining breadth of beam. 

CATBIRD (katberd), n. Small slate-colored 
American 
bird of the 
thrush fam- 
ily, allied to 
the mocking- 
bird. 

C A T B O A T 
(kat'bot), n. 
Small boat with one sail. 

CAT-CALL (kat'kal), n. 1. 
Shrill whistle or cry. 2. 
Squeaking instrument Catbird. 

formerly used at plays to express dislike. 

CATCH (kach), v. [pr.p. CATCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CAUGHT (kat).] I. vt. 1. Take hold of. 
2. Seize after a pursuit. 3. Trap or ensnare. 
4. Come upon suddenly or by surprise. 5. 
Arrive in time for. 6. Stop the progress or 
motion of. 7. Apprehend or understand. 8. 
Please; take the affections of; charm; attract. 
9. Take by infection, contagion, exposure, 
etc.; contract; incur; take. 10. Take up by 
sympathy or imitation. II. vi. 1. Become 
fastened or attached suddenly. 2. Act as 
catcher in a game of ball. 3. Spread epidem- 
ically, as by contagion or infection. [O. Fr. 




cachier; from L. L. cacio, chase; from L. 
capto, freq. of capio, take or seize.] 

SYN. Seize; take; arrest; overtake; un- 
derstand; comprehend; contract. ANT. 
Lose; miss; escape; misapprehend. 

CATCH (kach), n. 1. Act of catching. 2. Any- 
thing that seizes or holds. 3. That which is 
caught. 4. Anything worth catching. 5. 
Sudden advantage taken; artifice; trick. 6. 
Snatch, or short intervals of action. 7. Music. 
Song, the parts of which are caught up in suc- 
cession by different singers. 8. Pun. 

CATCHABLE (kach'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
caught. 

CATCH-BASIN (kach'ba-sin), n. Reservoir at 
the discharge of a pipe into a sewer. 

CATCHER (kach'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which catches. 2. In baseball, the player 
behind the batter. 

CATCHING (kach'ing), I. n. 1. Act of seizing or 
taking hold of. 2. Pathol. Nervous or spas- 
modic twitching. II. a. 1. Infectious 2. 
Captivating; attractive. 

CATCHMENT (kach'ment), n. Drainage. 

CATCHPENNY (kach'pen-i), n. [pi. CATCH'- 
PENNIES.] Any worthless thing, intended 
merely to catch purchasers, also used adjec- 
tively. 

CATCHUP (kach'up), CATSUP (kat'sup), 
KETCHUP (kech'up), n. Sauce for flavoring 
soups, meats, etc., made of tomatoes, mush- 
rooms, etc. [East Ind. kitjap.] 

CATCHWORD (kach'wurd), n. 1. Word used to 
attract attention. 2. Among actors, the last 
word of the preceding speaker; cue. 3. Word 
at the head of the page or column in a diction- 
ary or encyclopedia. 4. Print. First word of a 
page given at the bottom of the preceding page. 
5. Watchword. 

CATCHY (kach'i), a. 1. Attractive. 2. Music. 
Readily caught up, as a catchy air. 

CATECHESIS (kat-e-ke'sis), n. Primary oral 
instruction in theology, as that given to cate- 
chumens. [L. — Gr. katechesis, oral instruc- 
tion.] 

CATECHETIC (kat-e-ket'ik), CATECHETICAL 
(kat-e-ket'ik-al), a. Relating to a catechism 
or oral instruction in the first principles, es- 
pecially of theology or religion. 

CATECHETICS (kat-e-ket'iks), n. That part of 
theology which treats of catechesis. 

CATECHISE (kat'e-kiz), vt. [pr.p. CAT'ECHI- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. CATECHISED (kat'e- 
kizd).] 1. Instruct by question and answer. 
2. Question as to belief. 3. Examine system- 
atically; question closely. [Gr. katechizo; 
kata, down, and echo, sound.] 

CATECHISER (kat'e-ki-zer), n. One who cate- 
chises. 

CATECHISM (kat'e-kizm),«. 1. Any compendi- 
ous system of teaching drawn up in the form 
of questions and answers. 2. Elementary book 
containing a summary of principles, especially 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, vralf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CATECHIST 



197 



CATION 



In religion, reduced to the form of questions 
and answers. 

CATECHIST (kat'e-kist), n. Catechiser. 

CATECHU (kat'e-cho), n. Substance used in 
tanning and dyeing, and medicinally as an 
astringent, obtained from the heart-wood of 
several East Indian trees, as the betel-nut, 
etc. [Tamil.] 

CATECHUMEN (kat-e-ku'men), n. 1. One who 
is being taught the rudiments of Christianity. 
2. Beginner in any art or science. [Gr. kate- 
choumenos; kata, down, and echo, sound.] 

CATEGORICAL (kat-e-gor'ik-al), a. Without 
exception; positive; absolute. 

CATEGORICALLY (kat-e-gor'ik-al-i), adv. Ab- 
solutely; without qualification; expressly. 

CATEGORY (kat'e-go-ri), n. [pi. CATEGO- 
RIES.] 1. What may be affirmed of a class. 2. 
Class or order. 3. Logic and Philos. One of 
the predicaments or classes to which the ob- 
jects of thought or knowledge can be reduced, 
and by which they can be arranged according 
to system. [Gr. kategoria, accusation, asser- 
tion; from kata, down, against, and agora, 
assembly.] 

CATENARIAN (kat-e-na'ri-an), a. Pertaining to 
a catenary. 

CATENARY (kat'e-na-ri), I. n. Curve described 
by a wire, chain, etc., under its own weight, 
when stretched between two points of support. 
II. a. Catenarian. [L. catenarius, pertain- 
ind to a chain; from catena, chain.] 

CATENATE (kat'e-nat), vt. [pr.p. CATENA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. CATENATED.] Form into 
a connected series, like the links of a chain. 

CATENATION (kat-e-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
forming Into a continuous series. 2. Regular 
or connected series. 

CATER (ka'ter), vi. [pr.p. CA'TERING; p.t. and 
p.p. CATERED (ka'terd).] 1. Provide food, 
amusement, etc. 2. Humor one's whims or 
tastes. [L. ad, to, and capto, purchase.] 

CATERCORNERED (kat'er-karn-erd), a. From 
corner to corner diagonally; placed diagonally. 

CATERER (ka'ter-er), n. One who caters; pro- 
vider. 

CATERPILLAR (kat'er-pil-ar), n. Larva of a 
lepidopterous insect. [0. Fr. chatepeleeus, 
hairy cat.] 

CATERWAUL (kat'er-wal), n. Squalling of a 
cat; any similar noise. [CAT and WAUL 
(Imitative of the sound).] 

CATERWAUL (kat'er-wal), vi. [pr.p. CATER- 
WAULING; p.t. and p.p. CATERWAULED 
(kat'er-wald).] 1. Make the peculiar noise 
as of a cat squalling. 2. Make any similar 
noise. 

CAT-FALL (kat'fal), n. Naul. Heavy tackle 
on ship-board to hoist anchor to cathead. 

CATFISH (kat'flsh), n. 1. American fresh-water 
fish of several species; bullhead; horned pout. 
2. Wolf-fish or sea-wolf. 

CATGUT (kat'gut), n. 1. Kind of cord made 



from the intestines of animals, and used as 
strings for violins, harps, etc. 2. Violin or 
other portable stringed instrument. 3. Kind 
of coarse corded cloth. 

CATHARTIC (ka-thar'tik), I. a. Tending to 
purge; cleansing; purgative. II. n. Purging 
medicine. [Gr. kathartikos; from katharos, 
pure.] 

CATHEAD (kat'hed), n. Naut. One of two 
strong beams of timber projecting from the 
bow of a ship, on each side of the bowsprit, 
through which the ropes pass by which the 
anchor is raised. 

CATHEDRA (kath'e-dra), n. 1. Bishop's throne. 
2. Chair or seat of any person in authority. 
— Ex cathedra, from the throne or seat of 
authority; officially given forth. [L., from 
Gr. kathedra, seat.] 

CATHEDRAL (ka-the'dral), I. n. Principal 
church of a diocese, in which is the seat or 
throne of a bishop. II. a. 1. Pertaining or 
belonging to a cathedral. 2. Authoritative; 
official. [See CATHEDRA.] 

CATHETER (kath'e-ter), n. Surg. Tube to be 
introduced into narrow channels of the body. 
[Gr. katheter; from kata, down, and hiemi, 
send.] 

CATHION (kath'i-on), n. Same as CATION. 

CATHODE (kath'od), n. Negative pole or 
electrode of a galvanic battery, as opposed to 
ANODE. — Cathode rays, radiation, emitted 
from the cathode or negative electrode of a 
Crookes or X-ray tube. [Gr. kathodos, going 
down; kata, down, and hodos, way.] 

CATHODIC (ka-thod'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
the cathode. 

CATHODOGRAPH (ka-thod'o-graf), n. Radio- 
graph. [CATHODE and -GRAPH.] 

CAT-HOLE (kat'hol), n. Naut. One of two holes 
in the after part of a ship, through which haw- 
sers may pass for steadying the ship or heaving 
astern. 

CATHOLIC (kath'o-lik), I. a. I. Pertaining to 
the Roman Catholic Church; Roman Catholic. 
2. Pertaining to the Anglican Church; Anglo- 
Catholic. 3. Pertaining to the whole body of 
Christians. 4. [c-] Universal; general. 5. 
Liberal; broad; comprehensive. II. n. 1. Ad- 
herent of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 
Adherent of the Anglican Church. [Gr. kath- 
olikos, universal; from kata, completely, and 
holos, whole.] 

CATHOLICIS3I(ka-thol'i-sizm),n. 1. The doc- 
trine or faith of the Roman Catholic Church. 

2. Doctrine or faith of the Anglican Church. 

3. [c-] Liberality or breadth of view. 4. [c-] 
Universality. 

CATHOLICITY (kath-o-lis'i-ti), n. 1. Cathol- 
icism. 2. [c-] Quality of being catholic. 

CATION (kat'i-on), n. Electro-positive ion, 
atom, or radical, into which the molecule of 
an electrolyte is decomposed by electrolysis. 
[Gr. kata, down, and ion, pr.p. of ienai, go.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kn=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CATKIN 



198 



CAUSTIC 



) 




Catkin. 



CATKIN (kat'kin),n. Bot. Crowded spike or tuft 
of small unisexual flowers with reduced 
scale-like bracts, as in the wil- 
low, hazel, etc. [Dim. of CAT.] 

CATMINT (kat'mint), n. Bot. 
Same as CATNIP. 

CATNIP (kat'nip), n. Perennial 
plant resembling mint, said to be 
so called from the fondness cats 
have for it. 

CAT-O'MOUNTAIN (kat-o- 
mown'tin), n. Same as CATA- 
MOUNT AIN. 

CAT-O'-NINE-TAILS (kat-o-nin'- 
talz), n. Instrument of punish- 
ment consisting of a whip with 
nine tails or lashes, with three 
or four knots on each one, for- 
merly used in the British army 
and navy. 

CATOPTRIC (kat-op'trik), a. Relating to catop- 
trics or vision by reflection. 

CATOPTRICS (kat-op'triks), n. Physics. Branch 
of optics which treats of reflected light. [Gr. 
katoptron, mirror.] 

CAT'S-ETE (kats'I), n. Beautiful variety of 
quartz, so called from the resemblance which 
the reflection of light from it bears to the light 
that seems to emanate from the eyes of a cat. 

CaTSKILL (kats'kil) MOUNTAINS. Group in 
New York; belong to the Appalachian system. 

CATSPAW (kats'pa), n. 1. Dupe or tool of an- 
other. 2. Naut. Light breeze. 

CATSUP (kat'sup), n. Same as CATCHUP and 
KETCHUP. 

CATTAIL (kat'tal),n. Bot. 1. Bulrush. 2. Cat- 
kin. 3. Timothy. 

CATTLE (kat'l), n.pl. 1. Bovine animals, as 
cows, oxen, and bulls. 2. Loosely, also other 
beasts of pasture, including horses, sheep, 
etc. [0. Fr. catel, property; L. L. captale, 
originally capital, property in general, then 
especially animals; L. capitalist chief; from 
caput, head, beasts in early time forming the 
chief part of property.] 

CAUCASIAN (ka-kash'yan or ka-ka'zhi-an), I. 
a. 1. Pertaining to Mount Caucasus or the 
country around it. 2. Pertaining to the fair 
type of man. II. n. Fair type of man as op- 
posed to the Ethidpic and the Mongolic — the 
black and the yellow. 

CAUCASUS (ka'ka-sus), n. 1. Division of the 
Russian Empire, N. of Persia and Asiatic Tur- 
key, E. of Black Sea, and W. of the Caspian. 
%. Range of mountains in Russia, between 
Black and Caspian seas. 
CAUCUS (ka'kus), n. Party conference or pre- 
liminary to agree upon candidates, party meas- 
ures, etc. [Origin of term doubtful.] 
CAUDAL (ka'dal), a. Of or pertaining to the tail. 
[L. cauda, tail.] 

'CAUDATE (ka'dat), a. Having a tail; tailed. 
CAUDEX (ka'deks), n. [pi. CAUDICES (ka'di- 



sez), or CAU'DEXES.] Bot. Stem of a tree, 
especially of a palm or tree-fern. [L.] 

CAUDLE (ka'dl), n. Warm drink, sweetened 
and spiced, for the sick. [O. Fr. chaudel; 
from L. calidus, hot.] 

CAUGHT (kat), v. Past tense and past participle 
of CATCH. 

CAUL (kal), n. 1. Membrane covering the head 
of some infants at their birth. 2. Net for the 
hair, formerly worn by women. [O. Fr. cale, 
little cap.] 

CAULDRON (kal'drun), n. Same as CALDRON. 

CAULIFLOWER (ka'li-flow-er), n. Variety of 
cabbage, the edible part of which is the de- 
formed inflorescence or head. [L. L. cauli- 
flora; from L. caulis, cabbage, and flos, floris, 
flower.] 

CAULIGENOUS (ka-lij'e-nus), a. Bot. Stem- 
borne while growing. 

CAULIS (kal'is), n. [pi, CAUL'ES (kal'ez).] Bot. 
Stem of a plant. [L.] 

CAULK (kak), CAULKER (kak'er), etc. Same 
as CALK, CALKER, etc. 

CAUSAL (kaz'al), a. Relating to a cause. 

CAUSALITY (kaz-al'i-ti), n. [pi. CAUSALI- 
TIES.] 1. Agency of a cause. 2. Phren. 
Faculty of tracing effects to their causes. 

CAUSATION (kaz-a/shun), n. 1. Act of causing. 
2. Causative power or agency. 

CAUSATIVE (kaza-tiv), a. 1. Expressing causa- 
tion. 2. Effective as a cause. 

CAUSATIVELY (kaz-a-tiv-li), a. In a causative 
manner. 

CAUSE (kaz), n. 1. That which produces an 
effect. 2. That by or through which anything 
happens. 3. Motive; inducement. 4. Legal 
action between contending parties. 5. Sake; 
advantage. 6. That side of a question which 
is taken up by an individual or party. 7. Any 
great principle, enterprise, or movement. 8. 
Matter; affair in general. [L. causa, cause.] 

SYN. Origin; source; creator; agent; pro- 
ducer; agency; reason; incentive; incite- 
ment; consideration; account; purpose; ob- 
ject; end; undertaking; enterprise; suit; 
action; case; concern; business. ANT. Ef- 
fect; result; end; issue; preventive. 

CAUSE (kaz), vt. [pr.p. CAUSING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAUSED (kazd).] 1. Make to exist. 2. Bring 
about. 3. Induce or compel to. 

CAUSELESS (kaz'les), a. Having no cause or 
occasion. 

CAUSER (kaz'er), n. One who causes an effect 
to be produced. 

CAUSEWAY (kaz'wa), n. 1. Raised way 
through a marsh. 2. Pathway raised and 
paved with stone. [From root of Fr. chausee, 
embankment.] 

CAUSTIC (kas'tik), I. a. 1. Burning; corrosive. 
2. Sharp; bitter; cutting; sarcastic. 3. Math. 
Notimg a curve to which the rays of light, re- 
flected or refracted by another curve, are tan- 
gents. II. n. 1. Substance that creates a corro- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
v.=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CAUSTICITY 



199 



CECOGRAPH 



ding or disintegrating action on the skin and 
flesh, as lunar caustic, or nitrate of silver. 2. 
Math. Caustic curve. [Gr. kaustikos; from 
kaid, burn.] 

CAUSTICITY (kas-tis'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
caustic. 

CAUTERIS3I (ka'ter-Izm), n. Application of 
cautery. 

CAUTERIZATION (ka-ter-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
cauterizing. 

CAUTERIZE (ka'ter-iz), vt. [pr.p. CAUTERI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. CAUTERIZED (ka'ter- 
Izd).] 1. Surg. Scar with a caustic or a hot 
iron. 2. Render callous or insensible. 

CAUTERY (ka'ter-i), n. [pi. CAU'TERIES.] 
Surg. 1. Use or application of a caustic; 
cauterization. 2. Instrument for searing the 
flesh, either with a caustic or hot iron. [Gr. 
cauterion; from kauter, hot iron.] 

CAUTION (ka'shun), vt. [pr.p. CAU'TIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAUTIONED (ka'shund).] Warn 
to be careful; exhort to take heed. [L. cau- 
tioncm; from caveo, beware.] 

CAUTION (ka'shun), n. 1. Provision or security 
against danger; provident care and needful- 
ness. 2. Advice to be careful and provident; 
warning. 

SYN. Forethought, heedfulness; watch- 
fulness; circumspection; vigilance; pru- 
dence; care; advice; counsel; wariness; ad- 
monition. ANT. Inattention; neglect; in- 
difference; carelessness; disregard; temer- 
ity; improvidence. 

CAUTIONARY (ka'shun-a-ri), a. Containing or 
conveying warning; admonitory. 

CAUTIOUS (ka'shus), a. Possessing or using 
caution; watchful; prudent. 

SYN. Careful; wary; circumspect; dis- 
creet; mindful; heedful; guarded. ANT. 
Indiscreet; daring; foolhardy. 

CAUTIOUSLY (ka'shus-li), adv. In a cautious 
manner. 

CAUTIOUSNESS (ka'shus-nes), w. Quality of 
being cautious. 

CAVALCADE (kav'al-kad or kav-al-kad'), n. 
Procession of persons on horseback. [Fr., 
from L. caballus, horse.] 

CAVALIER (kav-a-ler'), I. n. 1. Member of the 
royalist party in the English civil war under 
Charles I. 2. [c-] Knight; horseman. 3. 
[c-] Gallant; lady's escort. 4. [c-] Fort. 
Raised work so situated as to command the 
neighboring country. II. a. [c-] 1. War- 
like; knightly; chivalrous. 2. Haughty; 
supercilious; free and easy. [Fr., from It. 
cavaliere, from L. caballus, horse.] 

CAVALIERLY (kav-a-ler'li), adv. Arrogantly; 
haughtily, as with a sense of superiority. 

CAVALRY (kav'al-ri), n. 1. Mounted soldiery. 
2. Troop of horsemen. [Fr. cavallerie; from 
It. cavalleria; from L. caballarius, horseman.] 

CAVASCOPE (kav'a-skop), n. Surgical instru- 
ment for examining dark cavities in the body. 



CAVE (kav), n. Hollow place in the earth; cav- 
ern; den; grotto. [Fr., from L. cavus, hol- 
low.] 

CAVE (kav), v. [pr.p. CA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAVED (kavd).] I. vt. Hollow out. II. vi. 1. 
Lodge in a cave. 2. Give way, as land under- 
mined. 3. Give in; yield. 

CAVEAT (ka've-at), n. 1. Preliminary patent- 
right claim. 2. Law. Formal notice or warn- 
ing not to take any step in a particular matter 
until the party giving the notice has been 
heard in opposition. 3. Warning; caution; 
protest. [L., "let him take care," from 
caveo, heed.] 

CAVERN (kav'ern), n. Deep hollow place in the 
earth; cave. [Fr., from L. cavema; from cavus, 
hollow.] 

CAVERNOUS (kav'ern-us), a. 1. Hollow; full 
of caverns. 2. Deep-sounding, as if from a 
cavern. 

CAVIARE, CAVIAR (kav-i-ar), n. Salted roe 
of the sturgeon. [Turk, havydr, caviare.] 

CAVIL (kav'il), n. Frivolous objection. [L. 
cavilla, jeering.] 

CAVIL (kav'il), vi. [pr.p. CAVILING; p.t. and 
p.p. CAVILED (kav'ild).] 1. Make empty, 
trifling objections. 2. Use false arguments. 

CA VILER (kav'il-er), n. One who cavils. 

CAVITY (kav'i-ti), n. [pi. CAVITIES.] Hol- 
low place; opening; excavation; hollowness. 
[Fr. cavite; from L. cavus, hollow.] 

CAVORT (ka-varf), vi. [pr.p. CAVORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CAVORTED.] Prance or caper. 
[Corrup. of CURVET.] 

CAW(ka),«. Cry of a crow. [From the sound.] 

CAW (ka), vi. [pr.p. CAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
CAWED (kad).] Cry as a crow. 

CaWNPUR (kan-por'), n. Chief town or district 
of same name. N. W. Provinces, India. 

CAY (ka), n. Low islet along a coast; key. [Sp. 
cayo, islet.] 

CAYENNE (ka-en'), n. Very pungent red pepper, 
made from several species of capsicum. [ Cay- 
enne, an island in French Guiana.] 

CAYMAN (ka'man), n. Name applied to various 
species of alligator, especially that of Missis- 
sippi and those found in the various parts of 
tropical and subtropical America. [Sp. cai- 
man; probably of Carib. origin.] 

CAZIQUE (ka-zek'), n. Same as CACIQUE. 

CEARIN (se'a-rin), n. Absorbent wax. 

CEASE (ses), v. [pr.p. CEAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CEASED (sest).] I. vt. Put a stop to; end. II. 
vi. Come to an end; stop. [Fr. cesser; from 
L. cess, give over; ced, yield.] 

SYN. Quit; stop; desist; discontinue; 
terminate; end. ANT. Persist; continue; 
persevere; proceed. 

CEASELESS (ses'les), a. Without ceasing; in- 
cessant. 

CEASELESSLY (ses'les-li), adv. Unceasingly; 
incessantly. 

CECOGRAPH (se'ko-graf), n. Instrument for 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/& in Scotch loch. 



CE CROPS 



200 



CELT 




Cedar. 



enabling blind persons to write. [L. caecus, 
blind, and -GRAPH.] 

CeCROPS (se'krops), n. Legendary founder and 
first king of Athens; instituted forms of civili- 
zation, marriage, religion, etc. 

CEDAR (se'dar), I. n. 1. Large 
evergreen tree remarkable 
for the durability and fra- 
grance of Its wood. 2. 
Name applied to many more 
or less similar trees. II. a. 
1. Made of cedar. 2. Of, or 
pertaining to, cedar. [L., 
from Gr. kedros.] 

CEDARN (se'darn), a. Per- 
taining to or made of cedar. 

CEDE (sed), v. [pr.p. CE'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
CE'DED.] I. vt. 1. Yield or give up; trans- 
fer. 2. Acknowledge as due; ascribe. II. 
vl. Submit. [L. cedo, yield.] 

CEDILLA (se-diTa), n. Mark placed under the 
letter c (thus q) to indicate that it has the 
sound of s, as in facade. [Sp., from L. «eta; 
from Gr. zeta, letter z.] 

CEDRINE (se'drin), a. Belonging to the cedar- 
tree. 

CEIL (sSl), vt. [pr.p. CEIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CEILED (seld).] Overlay the inner roof of; 
plaster; wainscot. [Fr. del; from L. coelo, 
ccelo, heaven, arch, cover.] 

CEILING (sel'ing), n. 1. Overhead surface of a 
room. 2. Inner lining of a vessel. 

CELADON (sel'a-don),n. Pale-green color. [Fr.] 

CELANDINE (sel'an-din), n. Bot. Swallow- 
wort. [O. Fr. eelidoine; from Gr. clielidonion; 
from chelldon, swallow.] 

CELEBES (sel'e-bez), n.pl. Islands. Malay 
Archipelago. Area 77,771 sq. m. 

CELEBRANT (sel'e-brant), w. One who cele- 
brates. 

CELEBRATE (sel'e-brat), v. [pr.p. CELEBRA- 
TING; p.<. and p.p. CELEBRATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Make famous. 2. Distinguish by solemn 
ceremonies. 3. Perform with proper rites 
and ceremonies, as mass, marriage, etc. 4. 
Commemorate with rejoicing. 5. Publish the 
praises of. II. vi. Engage or participate in a 
celebration. [L. celebratus, p.p. of celebro, 
frequent.] 

CELEBRATED (sel'e-bra-ted), a. 
guished; famous; renowned. 2. 
with rites and ceremonies. 

CELEBRATION (sel-e-bra'shun), n. Act of cel- 
ebrating. 

CELEBRATOR (sel'e-bra-tur), n. One who cel- 
ebrates. 

CELEBRITY (se-leb'ri-ti), n. [pi. CELEB'RI- 
TIES.] 1. Condition of being celebrated; 
fame; renown. 2. Person of distinction, 
fame, or renown. 

CELERITY (se-ler'1-tl), n. Rapidity of motion; 
quickness. [Fr. ; L. celeritas; from celer, 
quick.] 



1. Distin- 
Performed 



SYN. Velocity; fleetness; promptness; 
scamper; rush. ANT. Tardiness; languor; 
slowness; inactivity. 

CELERY (sel'er-i), n. Species of parsley, the 
Aplum graveoleus, the blanched leaf-stalk of 
which is used extensively for salads, etc. [Fr. 
cMeri; from L. and Gr. sellnon, parsley.] 

CELESTIAL (se-les'tyal), I. n. I. Chinaman. 
2. [c-] Heavenly being. II. «. 1. [c-] Pertaining 
to the Chinese dynasty or empire. 2. [c-] Per- 
taining to heaven. 3. [c-] Pertaining to the 
visible heavens. [L. ccelestis; from caelum* 
heaven.] 

SYN. Heavenly; supernal; immortal; 
ethereal; spiritual; angelic; seraphic; di- 
vine; godlike. ANT. Earthly; human; 
mortal; infernal. 

CELIBACY (sel'i-ba-si), n. Unmarried state; 
single life. [L. ceelebs, single.] 

CELIBATE (sel'i-bat), n. One who devotes him- 
self to a single life; man or woman who re- 
mains unmarried. 

CELIDOGRAPHY (sel-i-dog'ra-fi), n. Astron. 
Description of the spots on the sun. [Gr. 
sells, selidos, spot, and -GRAPHY.] 

CELL (sel), n. 1. Small room in a prison, 
asylum, etc. 2. Small cavity or hollow place. 
3: Elec. Jar of a primary or secondary bat- 
tery containing a single couple and its electro- 
lyte. 4. Biol. Unit mass of living matter, 
containing a central life-spot or nucleus, and 
capable of reproducing itself. [O. Fr. celle; 
from L. cella, small room.] 

CELLAR (sel'ar), n. 1. Room underground 
where stores are kept, especially wine, etc. 2. 
Any underground room or vault. [Fr. cellier; 
L. cellarium, pantry; ceMa, cell.] 

CELLARAGE (sel'ar-aj), n. 1. Space for cel- 
lars; cellars. 2. Charge for storing in cellars. 

CELLARET (sel-ar-ef), n. Small case with 
compartments for holding bottles. 

CELLO, 'CELLO (chel'6), n. Violoncello. 
[Abbr.] 

CELLULAR (sel'u-lar), a. Consisting of or con- 
taining cells. 

CELLULE (sel'ul), n. Small cell, as on the leaf 
of a moss. 

CELLULOID (sel'u-loid), n. Substance used as 
a substitute for ivory, hard rubber, coral, etc., 
produced by mixing guncotton with camphor 
and coloring matter, and subjecting the mix- 
ture to hydraulic pressure. [L. cellula, and 
-OID.] 

CELLULOSE (sel'u-los), n. Substance constitu- 
ting the basis of vegetable tissues. [L. cellula, 
dim. of cella, cell, and suffix -OSE.] 

CELT (selt), KELT (kelt), n. One of an Aryan 
race, now represented by the Bretons, the 
Welsh, the Irish, and the Scottish Highlanders. 
[L. eeltee; Gr. Keltoi.] 

CELT (selt), n. Cutting instrument of stone or 
bronze found in ancient barrows. [L. celtes, 
stone-chisel.] 



ate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; 
then, kh= 



note, not, move, wolf; 
ch in Scotch lock. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CELTIC 



201 



CENTER-BIT 



Celtic (seit'ik), Keltic (keit'ik), i. a. of or 

pertaining to the Celts. II. n. Language of 
the Celts. 
CEMENT (se-menf), n. 1. Adhesive suhstance 
for making bodies, especially stones, cohere. 

2. Mortar-like substance, which hardens with 
a smooth, water-proof surface. 3. Anat. 
Tissue which invests the neck and root of a 
tooth. 4. Dentistry. Artificial bone-like sub- 
stance, used in filling cavities of carious teeth. 
5. Any bond of union. [O. Fr., from L. 
ccementum; ccedo, cut.] 

CEMENT (se-menf), v. [pr.p. CEMENT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CEMENTED.] I. vt. 1. Unite 
with cement. 2. Join firmly; unite closely. 

3. Coat or pave with cement. II. vi. Be- 
come united, as by cement; cohere. 

CEMENTATION (sem-en-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
cementing. 2. Metal. Process by which iron 
is turned into steel, done by surrounding it with 
a cement or powder and exposing it to heat. 

CEMENTITE (se-men'tit), n. Carbide of 
iron. 

CEMETERY (sem'e-ter-i), n. [pi. CEMETER- 
IES.] Burying-ground; graveyard. [L. L. 
ccemeterium; from Gr. koimeterion.] 

CENIS (se-ne'),MoNT(mang). Tunneled mount- 
ain between Savoy and Italy. 

CENOBITE, CCENOBITE (sen'o-bit), ». Monk 
living with others of a like mind with himself, 
in contradistinction to anchorites and hermits. 
[Gr. koinobion; from koinos, common, and 
bios, life.] 

CENOBITIC (sen-o-bif ik), CENOBITICAL (sen- 
o-bif ik-al), a. Living in a community. 

CENOTAPH (sen'o-taf), n. Sepulchral monu- 
ment to one who is buried elsewhere, or whose 
body cannot be found or obtained for burial. 
[L. cenotaphium; from Gr. kenos, empty, and 
taphos, tomb.] 

CENSER (sen'ser), n. Vessel in which incense 
is burned. [O. Fr. censier, encensier; from 
L. L. incensum, burnt.] 

CENSOR (sen'sur), n. 1. In ancient Rome, an 
officer who kept account of the property of the 
citizens, imposed taxes, and watched over 
their morals. 2. Officer whose permission is 
necessary for the publication of manuscripts, 
newspaper articles, books, etc. 3. . One who 
censures or blames; critic; monitor. [L., from 
censeo, judge.] 

CENSORIAL (sen-so'ri-al), a. Belonging to a 
censor, or to his duties. 

CENSORIOUS (sen-so'ri-us), a. Expressing cen- 
sure; fault finding. 

CENSORIOUSLY (sen-so'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
censorious manner. 

CENSORIOUSNESS (sen-so'ri-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being censorious. 

CENSORSHIP (sen'sur-ship), n. Office or term 
of a censor. — Censorship of the press, regula- 
tion of certain governments, by which books 
and newspapers must be examined by officers, 



whose approval is necessary to their publica- 
tion. 

CENSUAL (sen'shu-al), a. Of or pertaining to 
a census. 

CENSURABLE (sen'shur-a-bl), o. Deserving of 
censure; blamable. 

CENSURE (sen'shur), n. Unfavorable judg- 
ment; blame; reproof. [Fr., from L. censura, 
opinion; severe judgment; from censeo, judge.] 

CENSURE (sen'shur), vt. [pr.p. CEN'SURING; 
p.t. and p.p. CENSURED (sen'shurd).] Find 
fault with; blame. 

SYN. Chide; rebuke; berate; reproach; 
reprimand. ANT. Praise; compliment; 
commend. 

CENSUS (sen'sus), n. Official enumeration of 
the inhabitants of a country, with a collection 
of statistics relating to them. [L. census, 
register.] 

CENT (sent), n. American minor coin, of the 
value of one hundredth part of a dollar. — Per 
cent, abbreviation in common use for L. per 
centum, rate per hundred, or allowance of so 
much for every hundred. [L. centum, hun- 
dred.] 

CENTAL (sen'tal), n. British weight of 100 
pounds. 

CENTARE (sang-tar'), n. Metr. Syst. One hun- 
dredth part of an are. [Fr. centiare; from L. 
centum, hundred, and area, piece of ground.] 

CENTAUR (sen'tar), n. Fabulous monster, 
half man and half horse. [Gr. kentauros.] 

CENTENARIAN (sen-te-na'ri-an), n. Person a 
hundred years old. 

CENTENARY (sen'te-na-ri), I. n. [pi. CEN'TE- 
NARIES.] 1. Hundred years. 2. Commem- 
oration after a hundred years ; hundredth anni- 
versary. II. a. Of or pertaining to a hundred 
years. [L. centenarius, relating to a hundred; 
from centum, hundred.] 

CENTENNIAL (sen-ten'i-al), I. n. Hundredth 
anniversary. II. a. 1. Of or pertaining to a 
hundredth anniversary. 2. Happening once 
in a hundred years. [L. centum, hundred, 
and annus, year.] 

CENTER, CENTRE (sen'ter), n. 1. Middle 
point of anything, especially a circle or sphere ; 
middle. 2. Point of concentration or con- 
vergence. 3. Point of origin or evolution. 4. 
Chief leader of an organization; head-center. 
5. [C-] In French politics, the term Center is 
applied to the middle party, holding moderate 
opinions, and its members occupy the middle 
seats in the chamber of deputies. [Fr. centre; 
from L. centrum; from Gr. kentron, sharp 
point.] 

CENTER, CENTRE (sen'ter), v. [pr.p. CEN- 
TERING, CEN'TRING; p.t. and p.p. CEN- 
TERED, CENTRED (sen'terd).] I. vt. 1. 
Place on, or collect to, a center. 2. Deter- 
mine the center of. II. vi. 1. Converge to 
a center. 2. Rest on or be in the center. 

CENTER-BIT (sen'ter-bit), n. Joiner's tool for 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CENTER-BOARD 



202 



CERAMICS 



boring holes, having a stock which turns on a 
center. 

CENTER-BOARD (sen'ter-bord), n. Naut. 
Shifting keel, fitted to drop below and in line 
with the keel proper in order to increase or 
diminish the draft of the boat. 

CENTERING (sen'ter-ing), n. Arch. Frame- 
work upon which an arch or vault of stone, 
brick, or iron is supported during its construc- 
tion. 

CENTESIMAL (sen-tes'i-mal), a. Hundredth. 
[L. ccntesimus; from centum, hundred.] 

CENTIGRADE (sen'ti-grad), a. Divided into a 
hundred degrees, as the centigrade thermom- 
eter constructed by Selsus (1701-44), in which 
freezing point of water is zero and boiling 
point 100°. [L. centum, hundred, and gradus, 
step, degree.] 

CENTIGRA3I (sen'ti-gram), n. Metr. Syst. Hun- 
dredth part of a gram. [Fr. centigramme; 
from L. centum, hundred, and Fr. gramme, 
gram.] 

CENTILITER (sen'ti-le-ter), n. Hundredth 
part of a liter. [Fr. centilitre; from L. centum, 
hundred, and Fr. litre, liter.] 

CENTIME (sang-tem'), n. French coin, the 
hundredth part of a franc, about one-fifth of a 
cent. [Fr., from L. centum, hundred.] 

CENTIMETER (sen'ti-me-ter), n. Lineal meas- 
ure, the hundredth part of a meter. [Fr. 
centimetre; from L. centum, hundred, and 
metrum, from Gr. metron, measure.] 

CENTIPED (sen'ti-ped), 
CENTIPEDE (sen'ti-ped), 
n. Segmented insect bear- 
ing jointed appendages, Centiped. 
having a well-defined head furnished with 
feelers and jaws, and breathing by means of 
air tubes or tracheae. [L. centum, hundred, 
and pes, pedis, foot.] 

CENTISTERE (sen'ti-ster), n. Cubic measure, 
the hundredth part of a stere. [Fr. centistcre; 
from L. centum, hundred, and Gr. stereos, solid.] 

CENTNER (sent'ner), n. Hundred weight; cen- 
tal. [Ger., from L. centenarium, relating to a 
hundred.] 

CENTO (sen'to), n. Patchwork composition; 
medley. [L., patchwork.] 

CENTRAL (sen'tral), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the center. 2. Principal; dominant. II, 
n. Any central telephone exchange or office. 

CENTRALIS3I (sen'tral-izm), n. Tendency to 
administer by the sovereign or central gov- 
ernment matters which would be otherwise 
under local management. 

CENTRALITY (sen-tral'i-ti), n. Central position. 

CENTRALIZATION (sen-tral-i-za'shun), n. 1. 
Act of centralizing. 2. Tendency toward a 
central authority; centralism. 

CENTRALIZE (sen'tral-Iz), vt. [pr.p. CEN'TRAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. CENTRALIZED (sen'- 
tral-Izd).] Make central; bring to a center; 
place under a central authority. 



CENTRALLY (sen'tral-i), adv. In a central 
manner; as regards the center. 

CENTRE (sen'ter), n. and v. Same as CENTER. 

CENTRIC (sen'trik), CENTRICAL (sen'trik-al), 
a. Relating to, placed in, or containing the 
center. 

CENTRICALITY (sen-tri-kal'i-ti), n. State of 
being central. 

CENTRIFUGAL (sen-trif'u-gal), o. Having a 
tendency to, or causing to, recede from the 
center. [L. centrum, center, and fugio, flee.] 

CENTRING (sen'tring), n. Same as CENTER- 
ING. 

CENTRIPETAL (sen-trip'e-tal), a. Having a 
tendency to, or causing to, approach the 
center. [L. centrum, center, and peto, seek.] 

CENTUM VIR ( sen-turn' ver), n. [pi. CENTUM - 
YIRS or CENTUM'VIRI.] One of the Roman 
judges chosen annually for civil suits, origin- 
ally one hundred and five in number, three for 
each of the thirty-five tribes. [L. centum, 
hundred, and vir, man.] 

CENTUM VIRAL ( sen-turn' vi-ral), a. Pertaining 
to the centum viri. 

CENTUMVIRATE ( sen-turn' vi-rat), n. Office 
or position of a centumvir. 

CENTUPLE (sen'tu-pl), a. Hundredfold. [L. 
cenlupler; from centum, hundred, and plico, 
fold.] 

CENTURIAL (sen-tu'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a 
century or a hundred. 

CENTURION (sen-tu'ri-un), n. In the army of 
ancient Rome, captain of a century, or com- 
pany of one hundred foot-soldiers or infantry. 
[L. centurio, -onis; from centum, hundred.] 

CENTURY (sen'tu-ri), n. [pi. CENTURIES.] 
1. Period of a hundred years. 2. Among the 
Romans, a division of one hundred men, sixty 
of which formed a legion. [L. centuria; from 
centum, hundred.] 

CENTURY-PLANT (sen'tu-ri-plant), n. Amer- 
ican aloe, so called from its being formerly 
supposed to flower only once in a century. 

CEORL (cherl), n. Among the Anglo-Saxons 
an oridinary freeman not of noble birth. [A.S.] 

CEPHALIC (se-fal'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
head. 2. Useful as a remedy for pains in 
the head. [Gr. kephalikos; kephale, head.] 

CEPHALOPOD (sef'a-lo-pod), n. One of the 
Cephalopoda. 

Cephalopoda (sef-a-iopo-da), n.pi. zooi. 

Class of mollusks, characterized by a distinct 
head, surrounded by a circle of long arms or 
tentacles. It includes the octopus, cuttle- 
fish, argonaut, etc. [Gr. kephale, head, and 
pons, podos, foot.] 

CEPHALOUS (sef'a-lus), a. Bot. Capitate; hav- 
ing a head. 

CERAIN (se'ra-in), n. Insoluble beeswax. 

CERAMIC (se-ram'ik), a. Pertaining to pottery. 
[Gr. keramos, potter's earth.] 

CERAMICS (se-ram'iks), n. 1. Plastic art; art 
of modeling, molding, and baking clay. 2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CERAMIST 



203 



CERTES 



[pi.] Objects produced by the art. [See CE- 
RAMIC] 

CERAMIST (ser'a-mist), n. Maker of pottery or 
earthenware; potter. 

CERATE (se'rat), n. Pharm. Unguent of wax, 
etc. [L. cera, wax.] 

CERATED (se'ra-ted), a. Covered with wax; 
waxed. 

CERATOPS (ser'a-tops), n. Large animal of the 
dinosaur family. 

CERBERITE (ser'ber-it), n. Pine-tar dynamite 
mixed with nitroglycerin, naphtha and char- 
coal. 

CERBERUS (ser'be-rus), n. Greek Myth. Three- 
headed dog of Pluto stationed at entrance to 
Hades to prevent living from entering or dead 
from escaping. 

CERE (ser), n. 1. Bare wax-like patch at the 
base of the upper part of the beak of birds. 2. 
Wax. [L. cera, wax.] 

CERE (ser), vt. [pr.p. CE'RING; p.t. and 
p.p. CERED (serd).] Wax, or cover with 
wax. 

CEREAL (se'ri-al), I. n. Grain used as food, as 
wheat, corn, barley, etc. II. a. Pertaining to 
edible grain. [From Ceres, Roman name of 
the Greek Demeter, goddess of tillage and 
grain.] 

CEREALINE (se'ri-al=en), n. Any food cereal 
from which germ has been removed. 

CEREBELLAR (ser-e-bel'ar), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to the cerebellum. 

CEREBELLUM! (ser-e-bel'um), n. [pi. CERE- 
BEL'LA.] Anat. Hinder and lower part of 
the brain. [L., dim. of cerebrum, brain.] 

CEREBRAL (ser'e-bral), o. Pertaining to the 
cerebrum. 

CEREBRASTHENIA (ser-e-bras-the'ni-a), w. 
Med. Mental collapse of the brain. 

CEREBRATE (ser'e-brat), vi. [pr.p. CERE- 
BRATING; p.t. and p.p. CEREBRATED.] 
Show brain action; have the brain acting. 

CEREBRATION (ser-e-bra'shun), n. Action of 
the brain, conscious or unconscious, marked 
by molecular changes in the cerebrum. 

CEREBRIC (ser'i-brik), a. Cerebral. 

CEREBRO-SPINAL (ser'e-bro-spi'nal), a. Re- 
lating to the brain and spinal cord together. 

CEREBRU3I (ser'e-brum), n. [pi. CEREBRA.] 
Anat. Upper and anterior portion of the brain, 
as opposed to the cerebellum, the hinder and 
lower portion. [L., brain.] 

CERECLOTH (serclath), n. Cloth dipped in 
melted wax in which to wrap a dead body. 

CEREMENT (ser'ment), n. 1. Winding-sheet 
or grave-clothes generally. 2. Cerecloth. 
[L. cera, wax.] 

CEREMONIAL (ser-e-mo'ni-al), I. a. 1. Re- 
lating to a ceremony. 2. Observant of cere- 
monies and forms; formal. II. n. Cere- 
mony; formality; etiquette; ritual. 

CEREMONIALISM (ser-e-mo'ni-al-izni), n. Ad- 
herence to outward form. 



CEREMONIALLY (ser-e-mo'ni-al-i), adv. In a 

ceremonial manner. 
CEREMONIALNESS (ser-e-mo'ni-al-nes), n. 

Fondness for outward form and rites. 
CEREMONIOUS (ser-e-mo'ni-us), a. 1. Full of 

ceremony. 2. Particular in observing forms. 

3. Precise. 

CEREMONIOUSLY (ser-e-mo'ni-us-li), adv. In 

a ceremonious manner. 
CEREMONIOUSNESS (ser-e-mo'ni-us-nes), n. 

Quality of being ceremonious. 
CEREMONY (ser'e-mo-ni), n. 1. Sacred rite. 2. 

Outward form, religious or otherwise. 3. 

Conventional formality, civility, or propriety. 

4. Pomp or state. [Ft., from L. ccerimonia, 
sanctity.] 

SYN. Form; fashion; etiquette; observ- 
ance; rite; ordinance; display; parade; 
pageant; pomp. ANT. Informality; un- 
ceremoniousness; desuetude. 

CERES (se'rez), n. Greek Myth. Sister of Jupi- 
ter and mother of Proserpine; goddess of 
agriculture and fruits. 

CERIFEROUS (ser-ifer-us), a. BoU Resem- 
bling yellow wax in color. 

CERNUOUS (ser'nu-us), a. Bot. Drooping. [L. 
cernuus, stooping.] 

CEROGRAPH (se'ro-graf), n. 1. Writing or 
engraving on wax. 2. Encaustic painting. 

CEROGRAPHIC (se-ro-graf'ik), o. Of or per- 
taining to cerography. 

CEROGRAPHY (se-rog'ra-fi), ». 1. Art of wri- 
ting or engraving on wax. 2. Art of paint- 
ing by the encaustic method. [Gr. kerographia; 
from keros, wax, and grapho, write.] 

CeRRO GORDO (ther-6-gar'do). Mountain pass 
in Mexico. Scene of American victory April 
18th, 1847. 

CERTAIN (ser'tin), a. 1. Sure to happen; in- 
evitable. 2. Fixed; settled; determined be- 
forehand. 3. Indubitable; unquestionable; 
past doubt. 4. Unfailng. 5. Sure; con- 
vinced; assured. 6. Undisclosed or par- 
ticular, as a certain person. [O. Fr., from 
L. certus, sure; cerno, determine.] 

SYN. Ascertained; actual; real; true; 
established ; positive ; steadfast ; determinate ; 
indisputable; undoubted; incontrovertible; 
confident; regular; constant; reliable; 
some; specified. ANT. Uncertain; doubt- 
ful; dubious; questionable; vague; indefinite. 

CERTAINLY (ser'tin-li), adv. Without doubt; 
without fail. 

CERTAINNESS (ser'tin-nes), n. Quality of being 
certain. | 

CERTAINTY (ser'tin-ti), n. [pi. CER'TAIN- 
TIES.] 1. That which is certain. 2. Assur- 
ance; confidence. 3. Certainness. 

SYN. Surety; proof; demonstration; con- 
viction; positiveness; certitude. ANT. Un- 
certainty; precariousness; misgiving; in- 
decision; doubt; dubiousness; conjecture. 

CERTES (ser'tez), odv. Certainly; in sooth. [Fr.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CERTIFICATE 



204 



CHAFFERING 



CERTIFICATE (ser-tif'i-kat), n. 1. Written 
document certifying the truth of any matter. 

2. Law. Attestation, voucher, or certification 
in writing properly authenticated. 

CERTIFICATE (ser-tif'i-kat), vt. 1. Verify or 
vouch for by certificate. 2. Give a certificate 
to. 

CERTIFICATION (ser-ti-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of certifying. 2. Attestation; voucher. 

CERTIFIER (ser'ti-fi-er), ». One who certifies 
or gives a certificate. 

CERTIFY (ser'ti-fi), v. [p.p. CERTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CERTIFIED (ser'ti-fid).] I. vt. 
1. Give certain information of; attest. 2. 
Assure. 3. Testify to or vouch for the truth 
or accuracy of. II. vi. Testify to or vouch 
for the accuracy of any document or state- 
ment. [Fr. certifier; from L.L. certifico, make 
certain; from L. certus, certain, and facio, 
make.] 

CERTIORARI (ser-shi-o-ra'ri), n. Law. Writ 
issuing out of a superior court directed to an 
Inferior court, commanding the latter to 
certify and return to the former the record 
in a particular case. [L. L., to be made more 
certain.] 

CERTITUDE (ser'ti-tud), n. 1. Certainty. 2. 
Assurance. 

CERULEAN (se-ro'le-an), a. Sky-blue. [L. cce- 
ruleus, dark-blue.] 

CERUMEN (se-ro'men), n. Wax secreted by the 
ear. [L. cera, wax.] 

CERUSE (se'ros), n. White-lead. [Fr., from 
L. cerussa; from cera, wax.] 

CERVICAL (ser'vi-kal), a. Belonging to the 
neck. [Fr., from L. cervix, cervicis, neck.] 

CERVINE (ser'vin), a. Relating to deer. [L. 
cervinus; cervus, deer.] 

CERVIX (ser'viks), n. [pi. CERVICES (ser'vi- 
sez).] Neck, or neck-like part. [L.] 

CESPITOSE (ses'pi-tos), a. Bot. Turfy; growing 
in tufts. [L. cespes, cespitis, turf.] 

CESSATION (ses-sa/shun), n. Ceasing or stop- 
ping; discontinuance. [L. cessatio; from cesso, 
cease.] 

SYN. Rest; pause; stay; respite; interval; 
interruption; intermission; suspension; end- 
ing; stop; pause; remission; stoppage. ANT. 
Continuance; incessancy. 

CESSION (sesh'un), n. 1. Act of ceding, sur- 
rendering, or giving up. 2. Law. surrender 
by a debtor of all his property for the benefit of 
creditors. [L. cessio; from cedo, give up.] 

CESSPOOL (ses'pol), n. 1. Pool or hollow in 
which filthy water collects. 2. Receptacle 
for the collection of the refuse from sinks, etc. 

3. Any foul receptacle. [Celt, soss-pool; soss, 
dirty mess, and pool.] 

CESTUS (ses'tus), n. 1. Loaded boxing-glove 
with heavy bands to wind round the arm, 
used by Grecian and Roman pugilists. 2. 
Fabled girdle of Venus, which had power to 
awaken love. [L., from Gr. kestos, a girdle.] 



CETACEA (se-ta'shi-a), CeTE (se'te), n.pl. 
Order of marine mammals, embracing the 
toothed whales, or Odontoceti, and the baleen 
whales, or Mystacoceti. To the former be- 
long the sperm whales, the buttonnose, the 
genus Platanista and its allies, and the great 
family of dolphins; to the latter, the right 
whale (Balcena), the humbacks and the ror- 
quals. [L., from Gr. kotos, any sea-monster, 
whale.] 

CETACEAN (se-ta'shi-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
the Cetacea. II. n. One of the Cetacea; whale; 
porpoise. 

CETACEOUS (se-ta'shus), a. Cetacean. 

CETE (se'te), n. Whale or similar sea-monster. 
[L., from Gr. ketos, whale.] 

CETOLOGY (se-tol'o-ji), n. Part of zoology 
which treats of whales. [Gr. ketos, whale, 
and -LOGY.] 

CeUTA (su'ta; Sp. tha'6-ta), n. Spanish sea- 
port, Morocco, opposite Gibraltar. 

CEVENNES(se-ven'), n. Chief mountain range 
of S. France. 

CEYLON (se-lon'), n. British island, S. of India. 
Area 24,702 sq. m. 

CEYLONESE (se-lon-ez'), I. a. Belonging to 
Ceylon. II. n. Native of Ceylon; Singhalese. 

CHACMA (chak'ma), n. South African baboon. 
[Native name.] 

CHAD, TCHAD (chad), n. Lake, Soudan, N. 
Africa. Area 10,000 sq. m. 

CHAFE (chaf), v. [pr.p. CHAFING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHAFED (chaft).] I. vt. 1. Make hot by 
rubbing. 2. Fret or wear by rubbing; gall. 
3. Cause to fret or rage. II. vi. 1. Rub to- 
gether. 2. Fret; become abraded. 3. Fret 
or fume, as over some galling wrong or slight. 
[Fr. chauffer; from L. calefaceo; from caleo, 
glow, and facio, make.] 

CHAFE (chaf), n. 1. Heat excited by friction. 
2. Rage; fury; passion. 

CHAFER (cha'fer), ». One who or that which 
chafes. 

CHAFER (cha'fer), n. Cockchafer. [A. S. cefer.] 

CHAFF (chaf), n. 1. General name for the 
husks of grain as threshed or winnowed. 2i 
Refuse, or worthless matter. [A. S. ceaf.] 

CHAFF (chaf), n. Light banter; badinage. [Ger. 
kaff, idle words.] 

CHAFF (chaf), v. [pr.p. CHAFF'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHAFFED (chaft).] I. vt. Banter; quiz; 
ridicule. II. vi. Employ light banter, badi- 
nage, or raillery. 

CHAFFER (chafer), v. [pr.p. CHAF'FERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHAFFERED (chaf'erd).] I. vt. 
1. Buy. 2. Exchange; trade. II. vi. 1. 
Haggle about the price. 2. Bargain. 3. 
Talk much and idly. [A. S. ceapian, cheapen, 
buy; from ceap, price.] 

CHAFFERER (chaf'er-er), n. One who chaffers; 
bargainer; buyer. 

CHAFFERING (chaf'er-ing), n. 1. Bargaining 
or trading. 2. Wordy talk in buying and selling. 



fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CHAFFINCH 



205 



CHALKINESS 



CHAFFINCH (chaf'lnch), n. Small European 

song-bird 'of the finch family. 

[CHAFF and FINCH.] 
CHAFING (cha'flng), n. Pathol. § 

Red excoriations which occur [i/^ 

in consequence of the friction \J 

of parts. [See CHAFE.] 
CHAFING-DISH (cha'fing-dish), 

n. Metal dish with lamp attach- 




ment for heating or cooking. 



Chaffinch. 



CHAGBEEN (sha-gren'), n. Same as SHA- 
GREEN. 

CHAGRES (cha'gres), n. Town on Chagres 
River, Colombia, on N. coast of isthmus of 
Panama. 

CHAGRIN (sha-grin'), n. Mortification; vexa- 
tion; annoyance. [Fr. chagrin, shagreen.] 

CHAGRIN (sha-grin'), vt. [pr.p. CHAGRIN'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAGRINED (sha-grind').] 
Mortify; vex; annoy. 

CHAIN (chan), n. 1. Series of links or rings 
passing through one another. 2. Connected 
course or series, as a chain of events. 3. 
Surveyor's measure of 100 links. 4. Any- 
thing that binds. 5. [pi.] Fetters; bonds. 
6. Weav. Warp-threads of a fabric. [Fr. 
chaine; from L. catena, chain.] 

CHAIN (chan), vt. [pr.p. CHAIN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHAINED (chand).] 1. Fasten or con- 
fine with a chain; fetter; restrain. 2. Meas- 
ure with a surveyor's chain. 

CHAIN-ARMOR (chan'arm-ur), n. Chain- 
mail. 

CHAIN-GANG (chan'gang), n. Number of con- 
victs chained together, or with chain and 
ball attached to their ankles, to prevent their 
escape while at work. 

CHAINLESS (chan'les), a. Without a chain or 
chains. 

CHAIN-MAIL, (chan'mal), n. Mail or armor 
made of iron links connected together. 

CHAIN-PUMP (chan'pump), n. Pump consist- 
ing of buckets or plates fastened to an endless 
chain, and used for raising water. 

CHAIN-SHOT (chan'shot), n. Two cannon 
balls or half-balls fastened together by a 
chain, used formerly in naval engagements 
to destroy rigging. 

CHAIN-STITCH (chan'stich), n. Stitch resem- 
bling the links of a chain; loop-stitch. 

CHAIN-WALE (chan'wal), n. Naut. One of 
the wales or thick planks bolted to the ship's 
sides and serving for the attachment of the 
chains to which the shrouds are connected. 
[See CHANNEL.] 

CHAIR (char), n. 1. Seat for one person, usually 
movable, and having a back. 2. Covered 
vehicle for one person, as a sedan. 3. Seat 
or office of one in authority, as a judge, 
bishop, or the person presiding over any 
meeting. 4. Chairman, or presiding officer. 
5. Iron block used upon railways to support 



and secure the rails. [Fr. chaire; from Gr. 
kathedra, seat.] 

CHAIR (char), vt. [pr.p. CHAIR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHAIRED (chard).] 1. Place in a seat of 
authority. 2. Carry publicly in triumph. 3. 
Convey in a chair. 

CHAIRMAN (char'man), n. [pi. CHAIR'MEN.] 
1. One who presides at an assembly or meet- 
ing; presiding officer. 2. One who carries a 
sedan, or propels an invalid's or perambula- 
tor's chair. 

CHAIRMANSHIP (char 'man-ship), n. Position 
or office of a chairman, or presiding officer. 

CHAISE (shaz), n. Light two-wheeled carriage 
for two persons, drawn by one horse, and 
provided with a calash top. [Fr., a variant of 
chaire. See CHAIR.] 

CHAKARI (cha'ka-ri), n. Domestic service In 
East India. 

CHALAZA (ka-la'za), n. Bot. The point of junc- 
ture of the ovule's nucleus with the stalk or 
funiculus. [Gr. chalaza, hail, tubercle.] 

CHALCEDONY (kal-sed'o-ni), n. Min. Quartz 
with some mixture of opal, usually translu- 
cent and of a somewhat waxy luster, and 
generally white or bluish-white. [Probably 
from Chalcedon, in Asia Minor.] 

CHALCOGRAPH (kal'ko-graf), n. Engraving 
on copper or brass. 

CHALCOGRAPHER (kal-kog'ra-fer), tt. En- 
graver on brass or copper. 

CHALCOGRAPHY (kal-kog'ra-fi), ». Art or 
process of engraving on metal, especially 
copper or brass. [Gr. chalkos, brass, copper, 
and graph6y write.] 

CHALCOMENITE (kal-ko-me'nit), n. Crystal- 
lized sulphate of copper. 

CHALDAIC (kal-da'ik), a. and n. Chaldean. 

CHALDEAN (kal-de'an), I. a. Relating to 
Chaldea. II. n. 1. Language of the Chal- 
deans. 2. Native of Chaldea. 

CHALDEE (kal'de), a. and n. Chaldean. 

CHALDRON (chal'drun), n. Old English coal- 
measure, holding 36 heaped bushels. [Fr. 
chauldron — chaudere, kettle.] 

CHALET (sha-la'), «. Summer hut used by 
Swiss herdsmen among the Alps. [Fr.] 

CHALICE (chal'is), n. 1. 
Communion cup. 2. Cup, 
or bowl. [Fr. calice; L.I 
calix, calicis, cup.] 

CHALK (chak), n. White 
carbonate of lime. [A. S. 
cealc; L. calx, lime.] 

CHALK (chak), v. [pr.p. 
CHALKING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHALKED (chakt).] I. vt, 

I. Rub with chalk. 2. 
Mark or write with chalk. 

II. vi. Run up a score with 
chalk. 

CHALKINESS (chak'i-nes), i 
chalky. 




Chalice. 
State of being 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



CHALKSTONE 



206 



CHANCE 



CHALKSTONE (chak'ston), n. 1. Lump of 
chalk. 2. Gouty concretion in the joints. 

CHALKY (chak'i), a. Containing or like chalk. 

CHALLENGE (chal'enj), n. 1. Summon to 
a contest of any kind, but especially a duel. 

2. Demand made by a sentinel for the coun- 
tersign, etc. 3. Any calling in question, of a 
person's right. 4. Exception taken to a juror. 
5. Cry of hounds at first finding scent of their 
game. [O. Fr. chalenge, dispute, claim; from 
L. calumnia, false accusation.] 

CHALLENGE (chal'enj), vt. [pr.p. CHAL'- 
LENGING; p.t. and p.p. CHALLENGED (chal'- 
enjd).] 1. Call to answer in single combat or 
duel. 2. Invite or call to a contest of any 
kind. 3. Dispute the accuracy of. 4. Ob- 
ject or take exception to. 5. Demand the 
countersign from. 

SYN. Dare; defy; brave; provoke; sum- 
mon; demand; require; claim; question; dis- 
pute. ANT. Pass; allow; grant; concede. 

CHALLENGER (chal'en-jer), n. One who chal- 
lenges. 

CHALLIS (shal'i), n. Fine all-wool or silk and 
woolen fabric. [Fr.] 

CHALONS-SUR-MARNE(sha-lang'sur-marn'), 
n. Town in France, capital of department of 
Marne. (Ancient Catalaunum.) 

CHALYBEATE (ka-lib'e-at), I. a. Impregnated 
with iron. II. n. Water or other liquid con- 
taining iron. [Gs. chalyps, chalybos, steel, 
from Chalybes.] 

CHALYBEOUS (ka-lib'e-us), a. Having a metal- 
lic luster of steel-blue tint; as a chalybeous 
gun-barrel. 

CHAM (kam), n. Mogul ruler; khan. 

CHAMADE (sha-mad'), n. Mil. Signal inviting 
a parley. [Fr.] 

CHA3IBER (cham'ber), n. 1. Sleeping apart- 
ment. 2. Place where an assembly meets. 

3. Assembly itself. 4. Judge's room. 5. Hall 
of justice. 6. Compartment. 7. Cavity. 8. 
Back end of the bore of a gun. [Fr. chambre; 
L. camera; from Gr. hamara, vault, room.] 

CHAMBER (cham'ber), v. [pr.p. CHAMBER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMBERED (cham'berd).] 
I. vt. 1. Reside in or occupy as a chamber. 2. 
Furnish with a chamber, as a gun. II. vi. 
Reside in a chamber. 

CHAMBERED (cham'berd), a. Divided into 
compartments, as the shell of the pearly 
nautilus. 

CHAMBERLAIN (cham'ber-lin), n. 1. Officer 
appointed by a king or nobleman to perform 
domestic and ceremonial duties. 2. Receiver 
of rents and revenues. 3. Formerly, officer 
having charge of the private chambers of a 
palace; chamber attendant of a royal house- 
hold. [O. Fr. chambrelene.] 

CHAMBERMAID (cham'ber-mad), n. Female 
servant who has the care of bedrooms. 

CHAMBER Y (shong-ba-re'), n. Town in France, 
capital of department of Savoy. 




Chameleon 



vulgaris). 



CHAMELEON (ka-me'le-un), n. 1. Lizard-like 
reptile of Africa and Southern Asia ( Chamce- 
leon vulgaris), 
having power 
of changing 
its color. 2. 
Small Ameri- 
can lizard 
having simi- 
lar power. 
[Gr. chamai- 
leon. ] 

CHAMELEON- 
IC (ka-me-le- 
on'ik), a. Of 
the nature of 
a chameleon; changeable. 

CHAMFER chamfer), n. 1. Bevel or slope. 

2. Groove, channel, or furrow. [Fr. chan- 
frein.] 

CHAMFER (cham'fer), trt. [pr.p. CHAMFERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHAMFERED (cham'ferd).] 1. 
Cut or grind off bevelwise. 2. Channel or 
make furrows upon. 3. Flute, as a column. 

CHAMOIS (sham'i), n. 1. Goat-like antelope 
of the Alps and other high mountains of 
southern and central Europe. 2. Kind of soft 
leather, originally made from the skin of the 
chamois, commonly called shammy. [Fr.] 

CHAMOTTE (sha-mot), n. Prepared clay for 
retorts and crucibles. 

CHAMOUNI (sha-mo-ne'), n. Village in Savoy, 
below Mont Blanc. 

CHAMP (champ), v. [pr.p. CHAMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHAMPED (champt).] I. vt. Bite or chew 
upon impatiently. II. vi. Perform the act of 
biting or chewing in a noisy manner; crunch. 
[Imitative.] 

CHAMPAGNE (sham-pan'), n. Light sparkling 
wine, originally from Champagne, in France. 

CHAMPAIGN (sham-pan), I. a. Flat; level; 
open; uninclosed. II. n. Open, level country. 
[O. Fr. champaigne; fom L. campania, plain.] 

CHAMPION (cham'pi-un), I. n. 1. Originally, 
one who fought in single combat for himself 
or for another. 2. One who defends a cause. 

3. Successful combatant. 4. In boxing, run- 
ning, etc., one who has excelled all others. 
5. Stout-hearted warrior; noble knight; hero. 
II. a. Holding the position of a champion. 
[Fr.; L.L. campio; L. campus, field.] 

CHAMPION (cham'pi-un), vt. [pr.p. CHAM'- 
PIONING; p.t. and p.p. CHAMPIONED (cham'- 
pi-und).] Act as champion of; defend; sup- 
port. 

CHAMPIONSHIP (cham'pi-un-ship), n. State 
or position of being champion. 

CHANCE (chans), I. n. 1. That which falls 
out or happens. 2. Unexpected event. 3. 
Risk; trial of luck. 4. Opportunity. 5. Pos- 
sibility of something happening. 6. Prob- 
ability; likelihood. 7. Fortune; luck; cause 
or origin of fortuitous events. II. a. Occurring 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



CHANCE 



207 



CHANT 




Chancel. 



by chance; fortuitous; casual. [O. Fr. cheance; 

from L.L. cadentia; cado, L. fall.] 

SYN. Accident; fortune; luck; casualty; 

contingency; fortuity; opportunity; risk; 

hazard. ANT. Law; rule; sequence; causa- 
tion; intention; purpose; design; certainty. 
CHANCE (chans), v. [pr.p. CHANCING; p.t. and 

p.p. CHANCED (chanst).] I. vt. Risk; take 

the chance of. II. vi. Happen; fall out. 
CHANCEL (chan'- 

sel), n. Arch. 

Part of a church 

In which the altar 

or communion 

table is placed, 

usually railed off. 

[Fr., from L. can- 

celli, lattice.] 
CHANCELLOR 

(chan'sel-ur), n. 

1. High judicial 
officer who pre- 
sides over a court 
of chancery. 2. 
Chief officer or 
titular head of a 

university. [Fr. chancelier; L.L. cancellarius, 
originally an officer that had charge of records, 
and stood near the cancelli, the cross-bars or 
lattice that surrounded the judgment-seat.] 

CHANCELLORSHIP (chan'sel-ur-ship), n. Of- 
fice or term of a chancellor. 

CHANCE-MEDLEY (chans'med-li), n. 1. Hap- 
hazard result; chance. 2. Law. Unpremed- 
itated killing of a person in an unprovoked 
affray, or in the heat of passion during a cas- 
ual quarrel or brawl. [O. Fr. chance medlee, 
mingled chance.] 

CHANCERY (chan'ser-i), n. 1. Court of equity. 

2. In England, equity division of the High 
Court of Justice. [Fr. chancellerie; from 
L. L. cancellarius; see CHANCELLOR.] 

CHANCO (chang'ko), n. Zool. Siberian gray 
wolf. 

CHANDELIER (shan-de-leV), n. 1." Originally, 
a pendent highly ornamented frame with 
branches for supporting candles. 2. Similar 
device for lamps, gas-jets, or electric lights. 
[O. Fr. ; from L. L. candelarius; from L. can- 
dela, candle.] 

CHANDLER (chand'ler), n. 1. Originally, a 
candle maker and dealer. 2. In composition, 
dealer generally; as ship-chandler, tallow- 
chandler, etc. [Fr. chandelier; from L. L. 
candelarius. See CHANDELIER.] 

CHANDLERY (chand'ler-i), n. Articles sold by 
a chandler. 

CHANDOO, CHANDTJ, (chan-do'), n. Prepared 
opium from Benares, Patna and Malwa dis- 
tricts in India, ready for smoking. 

CHANGE (chanj), v. [pr.p. CHANGING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHANGED (chanjd).] I. vt. 1. Alter or 
make different. 2. Put or give for another. 



3. Make to pass from one state to another. 4. 
Give and take reciprocally; exchange. 5. 
Give money of equivalent value but of smaller 
denomination for. II. vi. Become altered; 
deviate; vary; shift; fluctuate. [Fr. changer; 
from L. L. cambio, exchange, barter.] 

CHANGE (chanj), n. 1. Act of changing. 2. 
Alteration or variation of any kind. 3. State 
or quality of being altered. 4. That which is 
substituted for another. 5. Balance of money 
paid beyond the price of goods purchased. 6. 
Small coins. 7. Variety. 8. Exchange; 
bourse. 

CHANGEABILITY (chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. Change- 
ableness. 

CHANGEABLE (chanj'a-bl), a. 1. That may be 
changed. 2. Subject or prone to change; 
fickle; inconstant. 

CHANGEABLENESS (chanj'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being changeable. 

CHANGE ABLY ( chanj 'a-bli), adv. In a change- 
able manner. 

CHANGEFUL (chanj'fol), a. Full of changes; 
inconstant; fickle. 

CHANGEFULLY ( chanj 'fol-i), adv. In a change- 
ful manner. 

CHANGEFULNESS (chanj'fol-nes), n. Quality 
of being changeful. 

CHANGELESS ( chanj les), a. Without change; 
constant. 

CHANGELING (chanj 'ling), n. 1. Child substi- 
tuted for another. 2. One apt to change; 
fickle person. 

CHANGER (chanj'er), n. One who changes 
anything. 

CHANNEL (chan'el), n. 1. Bed of a stream. 2. 
Deeper part of a strait, bay, or harbor. 3. 
Strait or narrow sea. 4. Means or medium by 
which anything is conveyed or transmitted. 
5. Groove or furrow in a pillar, etc. [0. Fr, 
chanel, canel; from L. canalis, canal.] 

CHANNEL (chan'el), vt. [pr.p. CHAN'NELING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHANNELED (chan'eld).] Cut 
or wear a channel in. 

CHANNEL (chan'el), n. Naut. Flat piece of 
wood or iron projecting horizontally from a 
ship's side to spread the shrouds and keep 
them clear of the bulwarks, as fore, main, 
and mizzen channels. [Corrup. of CHAIN- 
WALE.] 

CHANNEL ISLANDS. Group in English Chan- 
nel, off French coast; belong to England. 

CHANSON (chan'sun or Fr. shang-sang'), n. 
Ballad; song. [Fr.] 

CHANT (chant), n. 1. Kind of sacred music, to 
which psalms and canticles are sung. 2. 
Psalm or canticle sung to such music. 3. 
Melody; song. [Fr. chanter; from L. cantus; 
from cano, sing.] 

CHANT (chant), v. [pr.p. CHANT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHANTED.] I. vt. 1. Sing in chants; 
recite musically. 2. Celebrate in song. II. 
vi. Intone; sing. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






CHANTER 



208 



CHARACTER 



CHANTER (chant'er), n. 1. One who chants. 2. 
Precentor. 3. Tenor or treble pipe in a bag- 
pipe. 

CHANTICLEER (chant'i-kler), n. Male of the 
domestic fowl; cock; rooster. [From the 
name of the cock in the medieval epic "Rey- 
nard the Fox." O. Fr. chanter, sing, and cler, 
clear.] 

ChANTILLY (shong-te-ye'), n. Town in de- 
partment of Oise, France. 

CHANTRY (chant'ri), n. Endowment, or chapel, 
for the chanting of masses. [O. Fr. chanterie.] 

CHANTY (chant'i), n. Sailor's song, usually 
with a drawling refrain, sung in concert while 
raising the anchor. 

CHAOS (ka'os), n. 1. State of the universe be- 
fore it was reduced to order. 2. Condition of 
disorder and confusion. 3. Yawning chasm. 
[Gr., from chaino, gape.] 

CHAOTIC (ka-ot'ik), a. Of or like chaos; dis- 
ordered; confused. 

CHAP (chap), v. [pr.p. CHAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHAPPED (chapt).] I. vt. Cause to crack or 
roughen, as the skin by exposure to cold. II. 
vi. Crack or roughen. [Sw. kappa, cut.] 

CHAP (chap), n. Crack in the skin caused by 
exposure to cold. 

CHAP (chap), n. Fellow; originally, a chapman. 

CHAP (chop), n. Jaw; usually in the plural. 
[Ice. kiapter, jaw.] 

CHAPARRAL (chap-a-ral'), n. Dense tangled 
brushwood; thicket. [Sp., plantation of ever- 
green oaks.] 

CHAPARRAL-COCK (chap-a-ral'kok), n. [fern. 
CHAPARRAL-HEN.] Zool. Bird common 
in chaparrals, a species of cuckoo, the Geo- 
coccyx calif or nianus; also called ground- 
cuckoo, and road-runner. 

CHAP-BOOK (chap'bok), n. Book sold by a 
chapman. 

CHAPE (chap), n. 1. Plate of metal at the point 
of a scabbard. 2. Catch or hook by which 
anything is attached. [Fr.; from L. L. capa, 
cap.] 

CHAPE AU (sha-po'), n. [pi. CHAPEAUX (sha- 
poz').] 1. Hat or cap. 2. Cap of dignity or 
maintenance. [Fr.] 

CHAPEL (chap'el), n. 1. Place of public wor- 
ship. 2. Building or place of worship subor- 
dinate to a church. 3. Chapel service. 4. 
Oratory, or place of private prayer. 5. Asso- 
ciation of printers in a printing establishment. 
[O. Fr. capele; from L. L. cappella, dim. of 
cappa, cape; originally from the cape or cloak 
of St. Martin, which was preserved in a sanc- 
tuary.] 

CHAPELRY (chap'el-ri), n. Jurisdiction of a 
chapel. 

CHAPERON (shap'er-6n), n. 1. Attendant on a 
young unmarried woman in public, usually 
an elderly woman. 2. Kind of hood or cap. 
[Fr., large hood; from chape, hooded cloak; 
L. L. cappa, cape.] 



CHAPERON (shap'er-on), vt. [pr.p. CHAP'ER- 
ONING; p.t. and p.p. CHAPERONED (shap'er- 
ond).] Act as chaperon to. 

CHAPERONAGE (shap'er-dn-aj), n. Act or 
practice of chaperoning. 

CHAPF ALLEN (chop'faln), a. Having the lower 
chap or jaw depressed; dispirited; dejected. 

CHAPITER (chap'i-ter), n. Head or capital of 
a column. [Fr. chapitel; L. L. capitellum, 
dim. of L. caput, head.] 

CHAPLAIN (chap'lin), n. Clergyman employed 
to perform divine service in the army, navy, 
public body, or a family. [O. Fr. chaplain; 
from L. L. cappellanus; from cappella, chapel.] 

CHAPLAINCY (chap'lin-si), n. [pi. CHAP'LAIN- 
CIES.] Office of a chaplain. 

CHAPLAINSHIP (chap'lin-ship), n. Chaplaincy. 

CHAPLET (chap'let), n. 1. Garland or wreath 
for the head. 2. Circlet of gold, etc. 3. 
String of beads used in counting prayers, one- 
third of a rosary in length. 4. Arch. Molding 
carved into round beads, pearls, etc. 5. Tuft 
of feathers on a peacock's head. [Fr. chap- 
elet; dim. of chape, head-dress.] 

CHAPMAN (chap'man), n. [pi. CHAPMEN.] 
Itinerant dealer; peddler. [A. S. cedpman; 
from cedp, cheap, and man, man.] 

CHAPPED (chapt), a. Cracked or roughened, as 
the skin from exposure to cold. 

CHAPTER (chap'ter), n. 1. Division of a book. 
2. Subject or category generally. 3. Assem- 
bly of the canons of a cathedral or collegiate 
church. 4. Organized branch of a society 
or fraternity. 5. Decretal epistle. [O. Fr. 
chapitre; from L. capitulum, dim. of caput, 
head.] 

CHAR, CHARR, (char), n. Small fish of the 
salmon kind, spotted red. [Gael, ceara, red.] 

CHAR (char), CHARE (char), n. In England, 
occasional piece of work; odd job; chore; 
[pi.] household work. [A. S. cerran, turn.] 

CHAR (char), CHARE (char), vi. [pr.p. CHAR- 
RING or CHARING; p.t. and p.p. CHARRED 
or CHARED (chard).] 1. Do odd jobs of work. 
2. Do housecleaning. 

CHAR (char), vt. [pr.p. CHARRING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHARRED (chard).] 1. Burn until re- 
duced to charcoal. 2. Scorch. [From CHAR 
in CHARCOAL,.] 

CHARACTER (kar'ak-tSr), n. 1. Letter, sign, 
figure, stamp, or distinctive mark. 2. Mark of 
any kind; symbol in writing, etc. 3. Any 
essential feature or peculiarity. 4. Aggregate 
of peculiar qualities which constitute personal 
or national individuality. 5. Moral force or 
qualities. 6. Estimate of one's personal 
qualities; reputation. 7. Person noted for 
eccentricity. 8. Personality as created In a 
play or novel. 9. Part appropriated to any one 
in a play; role. 10. Certificate of qualities. 
[Fr. caractere; L. character; from Gr. charakter; 
from charasso, engrave.] 

SYN. Sort; quality; kind; class; species; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



CHARACTERISTIC 



209 



CHARM 



nature; temperament; disposition; consti- 
tution; mark; sign; figure; letter; emblem; 
symbol; type; name; reputation; repute; 
record. ANT. Obscurity; ingloriousness; 
Ignominy; disrepute. 

CHARACTERISTIC (kar-ak-tSr-ls'tlk), n. Dis- 
tinctive feature; peculiarity. 

CHARACTERISTIC (kar-ak-t6r-is'tik), CHAR- 
ACTERISTICAL ( kar-ak-ter-is'tik-al ), a. 
Marking or constituting the peculiar nature of. 

CHARACTERISTIC ALL Y ( kar - ak - ter - is ' tik- 
al-l)» adv. In a characteristic manner. 

CHARACTERIZATION (kar-ak-ter-1-za'shun), 
n. Act of characterizing. 

CHARACTERIZE (kar'ak-ter-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
CHARACTERIZING; p.U and p.p. CHAR- 
ACTERIZED (kar'ak-ter-izd). 1. Describe by 
particular qualities. 2. Distinguish or designate. 

CHARADE (sha-rad' or sha-rad'), n. Enigma 
based upon a word of two or more syllables, 
the key to which is given by descriptions or 
representations of its component syllables and 
of the whole word. [Fr.] 

CHARCOAL (char'kol), n. 1. Charred wood. 
2. Impure variety of carbon, consisting of 
the carbonaceous residue of vegetable, animal, 
or mineral substances that have undergone 
smothered combustion. [First element of the 
word is of doubtful origin.] 

CHARGE (charj), v. [pr.p. CHAR'GING; p.U and 
p.p. CHARGED (charjd).] I. vt. 1. Fill with its 
proper complement or quantity; load. 2. Place 
a burden upon; load heavily. 3. Cause electricity 
to accumulate in (a storage-battery or accum- 
ulator). 4. Lay a task upon; enjoin; com- 
mand. 5. Deliver officially an injunction to, as 
a judge to a jury. 6. Rring an accusation 
against. 7. Entrust. 8. Set down to the ac- 
count of; debit. 9. Ask or exact as the price. 

10. Rush down upon; fall upon; attack; rush, 
as in football. 11. Impose something upon, in 
the way of duty, obligation, or responsibility. 

11. vi. Make a charge. [Fr. charger; from 
L.L. carrico; from L. carrus, car.] 

CHARGE (charj), w. 1. That which is laid on; 
burden; load. 2. Quantity for charging, as 

- a gun, Leyden jar, storage-battery, etc. 3. 
Attack or onset. 4. Cost or price. 5. Custody; 
care. 6. Object of care. 7. Command; ex- 
hortation. 8. Accusation. 9. Instruction 
given by a judge to a jury. 10. Entry on 
the debit side of an account. 11. [pi.] Ex- 
penses. 

CHARGE ARLE ( charj 'a-bl), a. 1. Liable to be 
charged; imputable. 2. Rlamable. 

CHARGE [D» AFFAIRES (shar-zha' daf-far'), 
[pi. CHARGES D» AFFAIRES.] Subordinate 
ministerial officer, to whom the charge of an 
embassy is intrusted during the temporary 
absence of the ambassador. [Fr.] 

CHARGER (char'jer), n. 1. War-horse. 2. 
Platter. 3. Instrument for charging blast- 
holes or firearms. 



CHARGE-SHEET ( charj 'shet), n. Police record 
of daily arrests and alleged offenses. 

CHARILY (char'i-li), adv. In a chary manners 
warily; frugally. 

CHARINESS (char'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
chary. 

CHARIOT (char'i-ut), n. 1. Among ancient 
nations, a two-wheeled carriage used in war, 
In public games, etc. 2. Coach with but one 
seat inside, usually a seat in front for the 
driver, and sometimes a seat behind. S. 
Loosely, any carriage of an ornate or imposing 
character. [Fr., dim. of char, car.] 

CHARIOTEER (char-i-ut-er'), n. Driver of a 
chariot. 

CHARITARLE (char'i-ta-bl), a. 1. Of or relating 
to charity. 2. Kind or liberal to the poor; 
benevolent. 3. Dictated by kindness or charity. 

SYN. Kind; tender; lenient; forgiving; 
indulgent; liberal; generous; beneficent. 
ANT. Uncharitable; unkind; illiberal; sel- 
fish; revengeful. 

CHARITARLENESS (char'i-ta-bl-nes), n. Dis- 
position to charity; benevolence. 

CHARITABLY (char'i-ta-bli), adv. In a chari- 
table manner; benevolently. 

CHARITY (char'i-ti), n. [pi. CHAR'ITIES.] 1. 
Love toward our fellow men. 2. Benevolence 
toward the poor. 3. Good will. 4. That which 
is given in benevolence to the poor; alms. 5. 
Institution founded for charitable purposes* 
6* Any act of kindness or benevolence. 

SYN. Kindness; benignity; indulgence; 
generosity; liberality; benevolence; benefi- 
cence; bountif ulness ; almsgiving. ANT. 
Unkindness; harshness; niggardliness; bar- 
barity; malignity; ill will; llliberallty. 

CHARIVARI (shar-i-var'i), n. Wild tumult and 
uproar, produced by the beating of pans, blow- 
ing of horns, etc., as a mock serenade to a 
newly married couple. Commonly called 
shivaree. [Fr.] 

CHARLATAN (shar 'la-tan), n. Mere talking 
pretender; mountebank; quack. [Fr.] 

CHARLATANIC (shar-Ia-tan'ik), a. Belonging 
to a charlatan; quackish. 

CHARLATANRY (shar'la-tan-rl), n. Imposture; 
quackery. 

Charleston (chariz'tun), n. 1. city, port of 

entry, metropolis of S. Carolina. 2. Capital of 
W. Virginia, on Kanawha and Elk rivers. 

CHARLOCK (char'lok), n. Wild mustard. 
[A. S. cerlic] 

CHARLOTTE (shar'lut), n. Dish of apple mar- 
malade covered with crumbs of toast. — Char- 
lotte russe (ros), custard or whipped cream 
inclosed im a kind of sponge cake. [Fr.] 

CHARM (charm), n. 1. Enchantment; spell. 
2. Amulet worn on the person. 3. That which 
can please irresistibly. 4. [pi.] Female beauty 
or other personal attractions. [Fr. charme; 
from L. carmen, song.] 

CHARM (charm), v. [pr.p. CHARM'ING; p.t. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






CHARMER 



210 



CHASTELY 



» 



and p.p. CHARMED (charmd).] I. vt. 1. In- 
fluence by a charm. 2. Subdue by secret in- 
fluence. 3. Enchant. 4. Fascinate; capti- 
vate; bewitch. 5. Delight. 6. Protect by a 
charm. II. vl. Act like a charm; be charm- 
ing. 
CHARMER (charra'er), n. One who charms. 
CHARMING (charm'ing), a. Pleasing in the 

highest degree; delightful. 
CHARMINGLY (eharm'ing-li), adv. In a charm- 
ing manner. 
CHARMINGNESS (charm'ing-nes), n. Quality 

of being charming. 
CHARNEL (char'nel), I. c. Containing the 
bodies of dead persons. II. n. Charnel-house. 
[O. Fr. charnel; from L. L. carnale — L. car- 
nalis — caro, carnis, flesh.] 
CHARNEL-HOUSE (char'nel-hows), n. Place 

for depositing the bones of the dead. 
CHARON (ka'ron), n. 1. In Greek mythology, 
the ferryman who rowed the shades of the dead 
across the river Styx in the lower world. 2. 
Ferryman generally. 
CHARPIE (shar'pi), n. Lint made from old 

linen. [Fr.] 
CHAR QUI (char'ke), n. Beef cut into long 
stains and dried .in the sun; jerked beef. 
[Pcuv.] 
CHARRY (char'i), a. Pertaining to charcoal; 

like charcoal. 

CHART (chart), n. 1. Mariner's map, giving 

a delineation of coasts, islands, shoals, rocks, 

etc. 2. Outline map, or a tabular statement 

giving information of any kind. [O. Fr. 

charte; from L. charta; from Gr. charte, paper.] 

CHART (chart), vt. [pr.p. CHARTING; p.t. and 

p.p. CHART'ED.] Lay down in a chart or 

map. 

CHARTACEOUS (char-ta'shus), a. Resembling 

writing paper. [L.] 
CHARTER (char'ter), n. 1. Any formal writing 
in evidence of a grant, conferring or con- 
firming titles, rights, or privileges. 2. Comm. 
Agreement in writing concerning the hire of a 
vessel and the freight. [O. Fr. cliartre; from 
L. cartula, dim. of charta, paper.] 
•HARTER (char'ter), vt. [pr.p. CHARTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHARTERED (char'terd).] 1. 
Establish by charter. 2. Let or hire by char- 
ter, as a ship. 
CHARTER-PARTY (chiir'ter-par-ti), n. Instru- 
ment in which the contract of letting or hir- 
ing is expressed. [Fr. chartre-partie, lit., a 
divided charter, as the practice was to divide 
it in two and Rive half to each party.] 
CHARTOGRAPHY (kiir-tog'ra-fi), n. Same as 

CARTOGRAPHY. 
ChARTRES (sh&r'tr), n. City in France. Capi- 
tal of department Eure-et-Loire. 
CHARWOMAN (chiir'wom-an), n. [pi. CHAR'- 
WOMEN.] In England, woman hired by the 
day to do odd jobs of domestic work. [See 
< HAH, CHARE.] 




Chase. 



CHARY (char'i), a. 1. Sparing. 2. Cautious. 
[A. S. cearig; from cearu, care.] 

CHARYBDIS (ka-rib'dis), n. Greek Myth. 
Dangerous whirlpool off Sicily, opposite an- 
other called Scylla; caused by daughter of 
Poseidon, hurled by a thunderbolt of Zeus 
into the sea; spewing the water out of her 
mouth she caused the whirlpool to exist. 

CHASE (chas), v. [pr.p. CHASING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHASED (chast).] 1. Pursue with intent to 
catch. 2. Pursue in order to drive away. 3. 
Follow fast after; succeed. 4. Follow up, as 
a narration or subject. II. vi. Hunt or pursue 
game. [O. Fr. chacier; from L. capto, take, 
catch.] 

CHASE (chas), n. 1. Act or custom of hunting. 

2. Act of pursuing after an enemy; pursuit. 

3. That which is hunted or pursued. 4. Open 
hunting-ground or preserve for game. 

CHASE (chas), n. 1. Print. Case 

or frame to confine types, 

when set in columns or pages. 

2. Groove or furrow. [Fr. 

chasse; from L. capsa, chest.] 
CHASE (chas), vt. [pr.p. CHA'- 

SING; p.t. and p.p. CHASED 

(chast).] 1. Decorate, as 

metal, by engraving figures or 

patterns on; emboss; enchase. 

2. Cut into the form of a 

screw. [Short for ENCHASE.] 
CHASED (chast), a. Decorated with engraved 

figures or patterns. 
CHASER (cha'ser), n. One who or that which 

chases, or pursues. 
CHASER (cha'ser), n. 1. Engraver on metal. 

2. Tool used in screw-cutting. 
CHASM (kazm), n. Yawning or gaping hollow; 

gap or opening; void space. [Gr. chasma; 

from chaino, gape.] 
CHASMY (kazm'i), a. Full of chasms. 
CHASSE (shas), n. Drink of spirits or liqueur 

served after coffee. [Fr.] 
CHASSE (shas-sa'), n. Kind of gliding step in 

dancing. [Fr.] 
CHASSE (shas-sa'), vi. [pr.p. CHASSE'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. CHASSED (shas-sad').] Per- 
form a chasse. 
CHASSEPOT (shas-po'), n. Mil. Bolt-action 

breech-loading rifle adopted by the French 

army in 1866. [From Chassepot, the inventor.] 
CHASSEUR (sha-sur'), n. Mil. One of a select 

body of French light troops, either infantry 

or cavalry. [Fr.] 
CHASSIS (chas'is or sha-se'), n. 1. Base frame 

on which the body of a motor car is mounted. 

2. Base frame on which a barbette is run in 

and out of a battery. [Fr.] 
CHASTE (chast), a. 1. Virtuous. 2. Modest; 

refined. 3. Pure in taste and style. [O. Fr. 

chaste; from L. castus, pure.] 
CHASTELY (chast'li), adv. In a chaste manner; 

virtuously; purely. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf- 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



CHASTEN 



211 



CHEAT 



CHASTEN (cha'sn), vt. [pr.p. CHA'STENING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHASTENED (cha'snd).] 1. 
Free from faults by punishing; hence to pun- 
ish. 2. Purify; refine. 3. Restrain or mod- 
erate. 

CHASTENESS (chast'nes), n. Chastity; purity. 

CHASTISABLE (chas-ti'za-bl), a. Capable or 
deserving of being chastised. 

CHASTISE (chas-tiz), vt. [pr.p. CHASTISING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHASTISED (chas-tizd').] 1. 
Inflict punishment upon for the purpose of 
correction; punish. 2. Reduce to order or 
obedience. [From CHASTEN.] 

CHASTISEMENT (chas'tiz-ment), w. Act of 
chastising; punishment. 

CHASTISER (chas-ti'zer), n. One who chastises. 

CHASTITY (chas'ti-ti), n. Quality of being 
chaste. 

CHASUBLE (chas'u-bl), n. Eccl. Sleeveless 
vestment worn over the alb and stole. [Fr.; 
from L. L. casuoula; from L. casula, mantle, 
dim. of casa, house.] 

CHAT (chat), vi. [pr.p. CHATTING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHAT'TED.] Talk easily and familiarly. 
[From CHATTER.] 

CHAT (chat), n. 1. Familiar easy talk. 2. One 
of various birds of the genus Icteria. 

CHATEAU (sha-to'), n. [pi. CHATEAUX (sha- 
toz').] 1. Castle. 2. Country-seat, espe- 
cially a castle-like country mansion in France. 
[Fr. chateau.] 

CHATELAIN (shat'e-lan), n. [fern. CHAT'E- 
LAINE.] Keeper of a castle; castellan. [Fr. 
from L. L. castellanus; from L. castellum, cas- 
tle.] 

CHATELAINE (shat'e-lan), n. Ornament at- 
tached to a woman's belt, having short chains 
for carrying sundry articles of domestic use. [Fr. ] 

CHATHAM (chat'am), n. Town, naval arsenal, 
seaport, England. 

CHATI (sha-te'), n. Zool. Spotted cougar of 
tropical South America. 

CHATOYANT (shat-oi'ant), I. a. Of changeable 
luster, like a cat's eye in the dark. II. n. 
Min. Cat's-eye, a precious stone. [Fr. chat, 
cat, and ceil, eye.] 

CHATTANOOGA (chat-a-no'ga), n. City, Ten- 
nessee, on the Tennessee River. 

CHATTEL (chat'l), n. Any article of movable 
property; any kind of property that is not free- 
hold. — Chattels personal, mere personal mov- 
ables, as money, plate, cattle, etc. — Chattels 
real, all interests in land less than freehold. 
[O. Fr. chatel; from L. L. captale, property.] 

CHATTER (chafer), v. [pr.p. CHATTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHATTERED (chat'erd).] I. vt. 
Utter in a jabbering manner. II. vi. 1. Talk 
idly or rapidly. 2. Clatter or click the teeth 
rapidly, as in shivering with cold. 3. Utter 
sounds rapidly and indistinctly, as a magpie. 
[Imitative.] 

CHATTER (chafer), n. 1. Noise made by chat- 
tering. 2. Idle, thoughtless talk. 



CHATTERBOX (chat'er-boks), n. One who 
talks or chatters incessantly; talkative child. 

CHATTERER (chat'er-er), n. 1. One who 
chatters. 2. Zool. Anyone of a small family 
of flnch-like perching birds, including the 
Bohemian wax-wing and the American cedar- 
bird. 

CHATTY (chat'i), a. Given to light talk; talk- 
ative. 

CHAUD-MEDLE Y (shod'med-li), CHAUD-MEL- 
LE (shod-ma'la), n. 1. Fignt arising in the 
heat of passion. 2. Killing of a person in 
such a fight. [O. Fr., chaude-mellec, hot fight.] 

CHAUFFEUR (sho-fur'), n. [fern. CHAUFFEUSE 
(sho-fuz').] Expert manager of an automo- 
bile; one whose business is to manage or op- 
erate a motor car. [Fr., from chauffeur, fire- 
man or stoker; from chauffer, make hot.] 

CHAUTAUQUA (sha-ta'kwa), n. Lake and vil- 
lage in New York State, 726 feet above Lake 
Erie. 

CHAUTAUQUAN (sha-ta'kwan), a. Pertaining 
to a system of systematic instruction for adults 
by home reading and study under advisory 
supervision. [From Chautauqua, N. Y., where 
the system originated.] 

CHAUVINISM (sho'vin-izm), n. Absurdly ex- 
travagant pride in one's country, with a cor- 
responding contempt for foreign nations; 
French equivalent ®f English Jingoism. [Fr. 
chauvinisme; from Nicolas Chauvin, a soldier 
and fulsome admirer of Napoleon Bonaparte.] 

CHAUVINIST (sho'vin-ist), n. One affected with 
chauvinism. 

CHEAP (chep), a. [comp. CHEAPER; superl. 
CHEAPEST.] 1. Low in price. 2. Charac- 
terized by low prices, as a cheap market. 3. Of 
small value, or reckoned as such; common; 
mean. [O. E. cheap, bargain; originally, 
good cheap, i.e. good bargain; from A. S. cedp, 
price, bargain; from cedpian, buy; from L. 
caupo, huckster.] 

CHEAPEN (chep'n), v. [pr.p. CHEAPENING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHEAPENED (chep'nd).] I. 
vt. 1. Make cheap; lower the price of. 2. 
Lower the reputation of. II. vi. Become 
cheaper; depreciate. 

CHEAPLY (chep'li), adv. At a low rate or 
price. 

CHEAPNESS (chep'nes), n. Lowness of price. 

CHEAT (chet), v. [pr.p. CHEATING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHEATED.] I. vt. 1. Deceive and de- 
fraud. 2. Impose upon; trick. II. vi. Act 
as a cheat; practice deception or fraud. [From 
ESCHEAT.] 

CHEAT (chet), n. 1. Act of cheating. 2. Cheat- 
er, or one who cheats. 

SYN. Imposture; deception; delusion; 
artifice; deceit; stratagem; trick; fraud; 
swindle; imposition; deceiver; impostor; 
trickster. ANT. Truth; reality; verity; cer- 
tainty; fact; genuineness; honesty. 

CHEAT (chet), **. 1. Name improperly given to 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil. owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, bfirn, 



CHEATER 



212 



CHEESE-MITE 



> 



chess. 2. A species of grass resembling oats, 
common in wheatflelds. 

CHEATER (chet'er), n. One who cheats. 

CHECK (chek), n. 1. Sudden stop, repulse, or 
rebuff. 2. Anything that checks. 3. Mark 
put against items in a list. 4. Order on a 
bank or banker for money. 5. Any counter- 
register used as a security; counterfoil. 6. 
Token, serving for identification, as of bag- 
gage or of person leaving his seat at a theater 
with intention of returning. 7. Counter used 
in a game of cards. 8. Term in chess when 
one party obliges the other either to move 
or guard his king. 9. Pattern of cross-lines 
forming small squares, as in a chessboard. 10. 
Any fabric woven or printed with such a pat- 
tern. [O. Fr. eschec, check (in sense used in 
game of chess) ; from Pers. shah, king.] 

CHECK (chek), v. [pr.p. CHECKING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHECKED (chekt).] I. vt. 1. Bring to a 
stand. 2. Restrain or hinder. 3. Test ac- 
curacy of by comparison with some duplicate. 
4. 3Iark as having been examined. 5. Place 
in check in the game of chess. 6. Mark 
with a pattern of crossing lines. II. vi. 1. 
Stop; halt. 2. Falconry, Change the game 
while in pursuit, especially for an inferior kind. 

CHECK-BOOK (chek'bok), n. Book containing 
blank checks. 

CHECKER (chek'er), n. 
game of checkers. 2. 
a checkered pattern. 

CHECKER (chek'er), vt. 

p.t. and p.p. CHECKERED (chek'erd).] 1. 
Form into little squares. 2. Diversify, 

CHECKERBERRY (chek'er-ber-i), n. Winter- 
green. 

CHECKERBOARD (chek'er-bord), n. Board 
divided into six- 
ty-four squares, 
on which the 
game of check- 
ers is played. 

CHECKERED 
(chek'erd), a. 
1. Marked with 
checks or 
squares. 2. Di- 
versfled ; errat- 
ic; changeable. 

CHECKERS 
(chek'erz), n.pl. 
Game played by 
two persons on 
a checkerboard; in England, called draughts. 

CHECKMATE (chek'mat), n. 1. In the game 
of chess, check given to the adversary's king 
when m a position in which it can neither be 
protected nor moved out of check, so that the 
game is finished. 2. Complete check; defeat; 
overthrow. [O. Fr. eschec mat; from Pers. 
»hdh mdt, "the king Is dead," i.e. can make 
no further move.] 



1. Piece used in the 
One of the squares of 

[pr.p. CHECK'ERING; 




Checkers. 



CHECKMATE (chek'mat), vt. [pr.p. CHECK'- 
MATING; p.t. and p.p. CHECKMATED.] 1. 
In the game of chess, to place In a position of 
checkmate. 2. Defeat utterly; discomfit. 

CHECK-REIN (chek ran), n. 1. Short rein 
hindering the horse from lowering its head. 2. 
Coupling rein. 

CHEE-CHEE (che'che), ». Person of mixed 
Hindustani and English blood. 

CHEEK (chek), n. 1. Side of the face below the 
eye. 2. Effrontery; impudence. 3. One of 
two sides which correspond. [A. S. ceace.] 

CHEEKY (chek'i), a. Forward; brazen; impu- 
dent. 

CHEEP (chep), vi. [pr.p. CHEEP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHEEPED (chept).] Chirp as a young 
bird. [From the sound.] 

CHEEP (chep), n. Chirp; peep. 

CHEER (cher), n. 1. Frame of mind. 2. Joy- 
ful spirits; gaiety. 3. Entertainment; kind 
treatment; that which promotes cheerfulness 
or gaiety. 4. Shout of approval or welcome; 
hurrah. [O. Fr. chere 9 countenance; from L.L. 
carer, face.] 

CHEER (cher), v. [pr.p. CHEERING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHEERED (cherd).] I. vt. 1. Comfort. 
2. Encourage. 3. Applaud with cheers. 
II. vi. 1. Be or become glad or cheerful; be of 
good cheer; cheer up. 2. Utter cheers ; hurrah. 

CHEERER (cher'er), n. One who or that which 
cheers. 

CHEERFUL (cher'fol), a. Of good spirits; Joy- 
ful; lively. 

CHEERFULLY (cher'fol-I), adv. In a cheerful 
manner. 

CHEERFULNESS (cher'fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being cheerful. 

CHEERILY (cher'i-li), adv. With good will; 
heartily. 

CHEERINESS (cher'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
cheery or cheerful. 

CHEERLESS (cher'les), a. Without cheer; dis- 
spirited. 

SYN. Gloomy; dull; melancholy; dismal; 
Joyless; unhappy; disconsolate; comfort- 
less; sad; forlorn; dejected. ANT. Cheerful; 
lively; gaj r ; bright; happy; merry; joyful. 

CHEERY (cher'i), a. 1. Promoting cheer. 2. 
Gay; cheerful. 

CHEESE (chez),n. 1. Article of food, made from 
the curd of milk coagulated, separated from 
the whey, and ripened by keeping. 2. Any- 
thing in the form of, or similar to, cheese, as 
pomace. [A. S. cise; from L. caseus.] 

CHEESE-CAKE (chez'kak), n. Pie or short- 
cake containing curd or cheese. 

CHEESE-CLOTH (chez'clath), n. Flimsy fabric 
like that used for wrapping cheese. 

CHEESE-HOPPER (chez'hop-er), n. Larva of 
a small fly, remarkable for its leaping power, 
found in cheese. 

CHEESE-MITE (chez'mit), n. Minute Insect 
which breeds in cheese, flour, and milk. 



fite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CHEESEMONGER 



213 



CHESTED 



CHEESEMONGER (chez'mung-ger), n. Dealer 
in cheese. 

CHEESE-PARING (chez'par-ing), I. n. Paring 
or rind of cheese. II. a. 31ean and parsi- 
monious. 

CHEESINESS (chez'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being cheesy. 

CHEESY (chez'i), a. Having the nature of or 
containing cheese. 

CHEETAH (che'ta), n. Same as CHETAH. 

CHEF (shef), n. Male chief cook. [Fr.] 

CHEF-D'OZITJVRE (sha-du'vr), n. [pi. CHEFS- 
D'(EUVRE (sha-du'vr).] Masterpiece. [Fr.] 

CHE-FOO (che-fo), n. Treaty port on North 
side of Shantung Peninsula, China. 

CHEIROGRAPH (ki'ro-graf), n. Same as CHI- 
ROGRAPH. 

CHEIROMANCY (ki'ro-man-si), n. Same as 
CHIROMANCY. 

CHEIROPTERA (M-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Same as 
Chiroptera. 

ChELONIA (ke-16'ni-a), n. Zool. Order of 
vertebrate animals including the tortoise and 
turtle. [Gr. chelone, tortoise.] 

CHELONIAN (ke-16'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
the order Chelonia. II. n. One of the order 
Chelonia. 

CHELSEA (chel'si), n. Suburb of London, Eng- 
land, on N. bank of the Thames. 

CHEMIC (kem'ik), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
chemistry. II. n. Chlorid of lime. 

CHEMICAL (kem'ik-al), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to chemistry. II. n. Substance having a def- 
inite chemical composition. 

CHEMICALLY (kem'ik-al-i), adv. By a chem- 
ical process. 

CHEMISE (she-mez'), n. Shift or undergarment 
worn by women. [Fr.] 

CHEMISETTE (shem-i-zef), n. Kind of bodice 
worn by women; lace or muslin which fills 
up the open front of a woman's dress. [Fr., 
dim. of chemise.] 

CHEMISM (kem'izm), n. Chemical action. 

CHEMIST (kem'ist), n. 1. One skilled in chem- 
istry. 2. Dealer in chemicals; druggist or 

' apothecary. [Abbr. of ALCHEMIST.] 

CHEMISTRY (kem'is-tri), n. 1. Science which 

. treats of the properties of substances both 

j elementary and compound, and of the laws of 

their combination and action one upon an- 

' other. 2. Treatise on this science. [From 

CHEMIST.] 

CHEMNITZ (kem'nits), n. Manufacturing town 
in Saxony, Germany. 

CHENILLE (she-nel'), n. Velvety-looking cord 
used in ornamental sewing, drapery, and 
manufactured trimmings. [Fr. chenille, cat- 
erpillar.] 

CHEOPLASTIC (ke-o-plas'tik), a. Descriptive 
of metal alloy used to mold artificial teeth to 
fit the mouth. 

CHEQUE (chek), n. Common spelling in Eng- 



any impure 



land for CHECK, an order upon a bank or 
banker for money. 

CHEQUER (chek'er), n. and v. Common spelling 
in England for CHECKER. 

CHERBOURG (sher-burg'; Fr. shar-bdr'), n. 
Seaport and naval station, on the Channel, 
France. 

CHERIMOYER (cher-i-moi'er), n. Same as 
CHIRIMOYA. 

CHERISH (cherish), vt. [pr.p. CHER'ISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHERISHED (cher'isht).] 1. Pro- 
tect and treat with affection. 2. Nurture; 
nurse. 3. Entertain in the mind; indulge; 
foster. [Fr. cherir; from cher, dear; from L. 
carus, dear.] 

SYN. Nourish; encourage; comfort; 
support; entertain; harbor; value. ANT. 
Stifle; abandon; discard; discourage; de- 
spise; contemn. 

CHEROOT (she-rot'), n. Kind of cigar having 
both ends cut off. Originally made only in 
Manila. [Fr. cheroute; from Tamil shuruttu, 
roll.] 

CHERRY (cher'i), I. n. [pi. CHER'RIES.] 1. 
Small stone-fruit of many species of the genus 
Prunus. 2. Tree that bears this fruit. 3. 
Wood of this tree. II. a. 1. Like a cherry in 
color; ruddy. 2. Made of cherry or of cherry- 
wood. [A. S. ciris.] 

CHERT (chert), n. Hornstone; 
flinty rock. [Ir. ceart, pebble.] 

CHERUB (cher'ub), n. [pi. \^ 
CHERUBS or CHERUBIM 
(cher'u-bim).] 1. Angelic be- 
ing, frequently mentioned in 
Scripture, and usually repre- 
sented in art by child's head with wings. 2. 
Beautiful child. [Heb. h'rubh; pi. k'rubhim.] 

CHERUBIC (che-robik), CHERUBICAL (che- 
ro'bik-al), a. Pertaining to cherubs; angelic. 

CHERUP (cher'up), v. [pr.p. CHER'UPING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHERUPED (cher'upt).] I. vt. 
Urge on by chirruping; quicken; chirrup. II. 
vi. Chirp; chirrup. [Imitative.] 

CHERVIL (chervil), n. Umbelliferous plant, 
cultivated as a pot-herb. [A. S. cerfille.] 

Chesapeake (ches'a-pek) Bay. inlet of 

Atlantic, Maryland and Virginia. 

CHESS (ches), n. Bot. Oat-like grass, common 
in wheatflelds, and usually called cheat. 

CHESS (ches), n. Game of skill for two persons 
or parties, played on a chessboard (a check- 
ered board divided into sixty-four squares), 
with two sets of chessmen. [Fr.esc^ec; Pers. 
shah, king. See CHECK.] 

CHESSBOARD (ches'bord), n. Board on which 
the game of chess is played. [See CHESS.] 

CHESSMAN (ches'man), n. [pi. CHESS'MEN.] 
Piece used in the game of chess. 

CHEST (chest), n. 1. Large strong box, coffer, 
or other receptacle. 2. Anat. Thorax. [A. S. 
cyst.] 

CHESTED (chest'ed), a. Having a chest; used 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CHEST-NOTE 



214 



CHIEF 



» 




Chetah {Felis jubata). 

2. Support 



only in compounds, as broad-chested, narrow- 
ehested. 
CHEST-NOTE (chest'not), n. In singing or 
speaking, a deep note; the lowest sound of the 
voice. 
CHESTNUT (ches'nut), I, n. 1. Valuable forest 
tree, the Castanea vesca, its wood, or its edible 
nut, which grows in a prickly case or bur. 
2. Reddish-brown color. 3. Stale joke. 
(Slang.) II. «. 1. Of the color of a chestnut; 
reddish-brown. 2. Made of chestnut wood. 
[Fr. chdtaigne; from Castana, in Pontus.] 
CHETAH (che- 
ta), n. Hunting 
leopard of 
southern Asia 
and northern 
Africa. [Hind. 
chit a, speckled.] 
CHEVAL (she- 
val'), n. [pi. 

CHEVAUX (she-vo').] 1. Horse, 
of any kind. [Fr.] 
CHEVAL-DE-FRISE (she-val'de-freV), n. [pi. 
CHEVAUX-DE-FRISE (she-vo'de-frez').] Fort. 
Piece of timber armed with spikes, used to de- 
fend a passage or to stop cavalry. [Fr.; from 
cheval, horse, and Friesland.] 
CHEVAL-GLASS (she-val'glas), n. Large glass 
or mirror supported on a frame. [See CHEVAL.] 
CHEVALIER (shev-a-ler'), n. Cavalier; knight. 

[Fr.] 
CHEVIOT (chev'i-ut), n. l. One of a hearty 
breed of short-wooled sheep reared on the 
Cheviot Hills. 2. [c-] Cloth made from the 
wool of Cheviot sheep. 
CHEVIOT HlLLS (chev'i-ut hilz). Range be- 
tween England and Scotland. 
CHEVRON (shev'run), n. 1. Mil. Distinguish- 
ing mark on the coat-sleeve of a non-com- 
missioned officer, consisting of bands of cloth 
arranged in the shape of the letter V. 2. Arch. 
Zigzag molding. 3. Any zigzag pattern. [Fr.; 
from chevron, rafter; from chevrc, goat.] 
CHEW (cho), v. [pr.p. CHEWING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHEWED (chod).] I. vt. 1. Cut and bruise 
or grind with the teeth; masticate. 2. Fig- 
uratively, meditate. II. vi. 1. Ruminate. 2. 
Use chewing-tobacco. [A. S. ccowan.] 
CHEW (ch6), n. 1. That which is chewed; cud; 
quid. 2. Quantity for chewing at one time, as 
a chew of tobacco. 
CHEWINK (che-wingk'), n. Name commonly 
given to a large American finch. [From its 
note.] 
CHEYENNE (shi-en), n. Capital of Wyoming. 
CHIAROSCURO (kyar-os-ko'ro), n. 1. Art of 
representing light in shadow and shadow in 
light in paintings. 2. Distribution or blending 
of light and shade. [It., "clear-obscure."] 
CHIBOUK, CHIBOUQUE (chi-bdk'), n. Long 
straight-stemmed Turkish pipe for smoking. 
[Turk.] 



CHIC (shgk), I. n. 1. Style; fashion; address. 
2. Adroitness; knack. II. a. Stylish; natty; 
up to the mark. [Fr.] 

CHICAGO (shi-ka'go), n. City, Illinois, S. W. 
shore of Lake Michigan. 

CHICANE (shi-kan'), n. Trick or artifice. [Fr., 
sharp practice at law.] 

CHICANERY (shi-ka'ner-i), n. Artifice or trick- 
ery; especially in legal proceedings; chicane. 

CHICK (chik), n. 1. Young domestic fowl. 2. 
Young bird of any kind. 3. Young child; term 
of endearment. [See CHICKEN.] 

CHICKADEE (chik'a-de), n. Black-cap tit- 
mouse. [From its note.] 

CHICKAHOMINY (chik-a-hom'i-ni), n. Afflu- 
ent of James river in Virginia. 

ChICKAMAUGA (chik-a-ma'ga), n. River in 
Tennessee, scene of battle September 19-20, 
1863. 

CHICKAREE (chik'a-re), n. American red 
squirrel. [From its cry.] 

CHICKEN (chik'en), n. 1. Young bird, espe- 
cially young domestic fowl. 2. Loosely, do- 
mestic fowl, old or young, or its flesh. 3. 
Young person; child. [A. S. cicen.] 

CHICKEN-HEARTED (chik'en-hart-ed), a. 
Timid; cowardly. 

CHICKEN-POX (chik'en-poks), n. Pathol. Mild 
eruptive disease, chiefly of children. 

CHICK-PEA (chik'pe), n. Species of dwarf pea, 
used for food like lentils. [Fr. chiche.] 

CHICKWEED (chik'wed), n. Low creeping 
weed, the seeds of which are a favorite food 
of several small birds. 

CHICLE (chik'l), n. Gum produced in the heart 
of the fruit of a tropical American tree (Achrce 
sapota), from which chewing gum is exten- 
sively prepared. 

CHICORY(chik'o-ri), n. 
Hot. Perennial plant, 
bearing clusters of 
intensely blue flow- 
ers and having a long 
carrot-like root, which 
when roasted and 
ground is used to 
adulterate coffee. Its 
leaves are also used as 
a salad. [Fr. chicoree; 
from L. dehor hum; 
from Gr. kichorion.'] 

CHIDE rchid), v. [pr.p. CHI'DING; p.t. CHID; 
p.p. CHIDDEN or CHID.] I. vt. 1. Reprove 
by words; rebuke; scold. 2. Beat noisily 
against; fret. II. vi. 1. Find fault; scold. 
2. Make a clamoring noise ; bay. [A. S. cidan.] 

CHIEF (chef), I. a. 1. Highest in authority; 
principal; head. 2. Most important; deserving 
the greatest respect or attention; first. II. n. 
1. Head or principal person; leader. 2. Prin- 
cipal thing or part. 3. Prime mover or actor; 
principal agent. [Fr. chef; from L. caput, 
head.] 




Chicory (Cichorium 
intybus). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, Vih-ch in Scotch loch. 



CHIEFLY 



215 



CHIMB 



STN. Principal; leading; main; first; 
paramount; supreme; prime; grand; vital; 
great; preeminent; superior; especial; high- 
est. ANT. Subordinate; minor; inferior; 
lowest; least. 

CHIEFLY (chef li), adv. Principally. 

CHIEFTAIN (chef tin), n. 1. Head of a clan or 
tribe. 2. Leader or commander. 

CHIEFTAINCY (chef tin-si), CHIEFTAINSHIP 
(chef tin-ship), n. Rank or position of a chief- 
tain. 

CHIFFON (shifun or she-fang'), n. 1. Thin 
gauzy material. 2. Any merely ornamental 
part of a woman's dress. [Fr.] 

CHIFFONIER (shif-o- 
ner'), n. 1. H'gh nar- 
row bureau. 2. Orna- 
mental cabinet or cup- 
board. 3. Rag gather- 
er. [Fr., from chiffon; 
chiffe, rag.] 

CHIGGER (chig'er), n. 
Zool. Small insect of 
the flea kind, the 
Trombidium autumn- 
ale, which sometimes 
Infests grass in au- 
tumn and is very 
troublesome. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

CHIGNON (she'nyang), 
n. Woman's hair 
gathered and resting 
on the back of the 
neck. [Fr.] 

CHIGOE (chig'6), CHIGRE 
(chig'er), n. Very small flea 
of the West Indies, which 
buries itself beneath the hu- 
man skin and produces 
troublesome sores. [Fr. chiquc; 
from Sp. chico, small.] 




Chiffonier 




Chigoe (Sarcop- 
sylla penetrans). 



CHIHUAHUA (che-wa'wa), n. Largest state of 
Mexico. Area 87,802 sq. m. 

CHILBLAIN (chil'blan), n. Pathol. Blain or 
sore on the hands, feet, etc., caused by cold or 
frost. [CHILL and BLAIN. 

CHILD (child), n. [pi. CHILDREN.] 1. Infant 
or very young person. 2. Descendant in the 
first degree; son or daughter. 3. Descendant, 
however remote. 4. Result, product, or effect 
of anything, as child of integrity, child of sin, 
etc. 5. One young in knowledge, experience, 
judgment or attainments. 6. Childe. 7. 
Anything likened to a child. [A. S. did.] 

CHILDBED (child'bed), n. State attending 
childbirth; confinement. 

CHILDBIRTH (child'berth), n. Giving birth to 
a child; parturition. 

CHILDE (child), n. Title formerly given to the 
son of a noble, till admission to knighthood. 
[Same as CHILD.] 

CHILDHOOD (child'hod), n. 1. State of being a 



Without a child. 
Like a child; docile; 



Plural of CHILD. 




SenorGerman Ries- 
co, ex-president of 
Chile. 



child. 2. Time of one's being a child. — Second 

childhood, childishness of old age. 
CHILDISH (childish), a. 1. Like a child. 2. 

Trifling; puerile. 3. Senile; silly. 

SYN. Boyish; juvenile; silly; puerile; 

trifling; weak. ANT. Manly; wise; resolute; 

strenuous. 
CHILDISHLY (child'ish-li), adv. In a childish 

manner. 
CHILDISHNESS (child'ish-nes), n. 1. Simplicity 

of manners or disposition. 2. Puerility; weak- 
ness of intellect. 
CHILDLESS ( child 'les), a. 
CHILDLIKE (child'lik), a. 

innocent. 
CHILDREN (children), n. 
CHILE (che'la), n. Republic, 

W. coast of S. America. 

Area 307,620 sq. m. 

Chilean, Chilian (che'- 

le-an), n. Native or citizen 
of Chile, a South American 
republic. 

CHILE CON CARNE (chela 
kon kar'na). Mexican dish 
consisting principally of 
pulverized chilies, fried and 
then boiled with water and 
diced meat. [Sp., chili, 
with meat.] 

CHILI (che'le), n. [pi. CHI'- 

LIES.] Pod or fruit of the Guinea pepper 
(Capsicum annuum). [Sp.] 

CHILIAD (kil'i-ad), n. 1. One thousand. 2. 
Period of a thousand years. [Gr., from chilioi, 
one thousand.] 

CHILL (chil), I. n. 1. Coldness. 2. Pathol. 
Sudden sensation of coolness, generally accom- 
panied with shivering. 3. Sudden check to 
warmth of manner or feeling; discourage- 
ment. 4. Anything that chills or cools suddenly. 
II. a. 1. Slightly cold. 2. Shivering with 
cold. 3. Reserved; distant; formal. [A. S. 
cele, dele. See COLD.] 

CHILL (chil), v. [pr.p. CHILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHILLED (child).] I. vt. 1. Make chill or 
cold. 2. Blast with cold. 3. Discourage. 
4. Harden (steel and iron). II. vi. Grow cold. 

CHILLED (child), a. 1. Made cold. 2. Hardened 
by chilling, as iron. 

CHILLI (chili), w. Same as CHILI. 

CHILLINESS (chil'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being chilly. 

CHILLY (chili), a. 1. Having a sensation of 
coldness or of being chilled. 2. Causing a 
sensation of coldness or chilliness. 3. Cold in 
manners; distant; cool. 

CHIMyERA (ki-me'ra), n. Same as CHIMERA. 

CHIMB, CHIME (chim), n. 1. Rim formed by 
the ends of the staves of a cask. 2. Naut. 
Hollowed or beveled channel in the waterway 
of a ship's deck. [A. S. dm; cog. with Dut. 
Mm, and Ger. kimme, edge.] 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CHIME 



216 



CHIP 



) 



CHIME (chim), «. 1. Harmonic or consonant 
sound of several instruments or bells. 2. Any- 
sound in harmony or accord. 3. Correspond- 
ence In sound or proportion. 4. Set of bells 
attuned to a scale. [L. cymbalum, cymbal.] 

CHIME (chim), v. [pr.p. CHI'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHIMED (chimd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to sound 
In harmony. 2. Utter harmoniously. II. 
vi. 1. Sound in harmony. 2. Accord or agree. 

CHIMER (chi'mer), n. One who chimes. 

Chimera, Chimera (ki-mera),n. 1. Zooi. 

Genus of fishes, often ranked along with the 
sharks and rays. 2. [c-] Picture of an animal 
having its parts made up of various animals. 
3. [c-] Any wild or idle fancy. [L. Chimcera; 
from Gr. Chimaira, fabulous, fire-spouting 
monster, with a lion's head, a serpent's tail, 
and a goat's body; from chimaira, she-goat.] 
CHIMERE (shi-mer'), n. Upper robe worn by a 
bishop, to which lawn sleeves are attached. 
[Sp. chamarra, sheepskin.] 
CHIMERICAL (ki-mer'ik-al), a. Of the nature 

of a chimera; wild; fanciful; visionary. 
CHIMERICALLY (ki-mer'ik-al-i), adv. In a 

chimerical manner. 
CHIMNEY (chim'ni), n. 1. Flue; vent or passage 
for the escape of smoke from a fire. 2. Tube 
of glass placed over the flame of a lamp to 
Intensify combustion. 3. Portion of flue stand- 
ing above the roof. [Gr. kaminos, furnace.] 
CHIMNEY-CORNER (chim'ni-karn-er), n. 1. 
In old style chimneys, the space between the 
fire and the wall forming the sides of the fire- 
place. 2. Fireside. 
CHIMNEY-SWALLOW (chim'ni- 
swol-6), n. Swallow or swift 
which builds its nest in chimneys. 
CHIMPANZEE (chim-pan'ze), n. 
African ape; the highest of the 
anthropoid apes; belonging to the 
same genus as the gorilla. [West 
African.] 
CHIN (chin), n. Jutting part of the 
face below the mouth. [A. S. cin.] 
CHINA (chi'na),n. Empire, E.Asia. 

Area 4,277,170 sq. m. 
CHINA (chi'na), n. Fine kind of 
earthenware, originally made in 
China. 

CHINAMAN(chI'na-man),n. [pLCm'NAMEN.] 
A native of China; a 
Chinese. 
CHINCAPIN (chlng'ka- 
pin),n. SameasCHIN- 
KAPIN. 
CHINCH (chinch), n. 1. 
Insect very destructive 
to sprouting grain. 2. 
Bedbug. [Sp. chineh; 
from L. clmex, bug.] 
CHINCHILLA (chln- 
chll'a), n. 1. Small 
rodent quadruped of South America, 




Chimpanzee. 




Chinchilla (Chincilla 
lanigera). 



valued 




Cleft; 

[A. S. 

Li Hung Chang, 
[pr.p. Chinese diplomat. 
Born 182 2— died 
1901. 

vi. Fill 



for its soft gray fur. 2. Fur of the chin- 
chilla. 3. Fabric made in imitation of this 
fur. [Sp.] 

CHINE (chin), n. 1. Spine or backbone. 2. 
Piece of the backbone of an animal and ad- 
joining parts for cooking. 3. Ridge; crest. 
[O. Fr. eschine, backbone.] 

CHINE (chin), n. Narrow, precipitous ravine. 
[A. S. cinu; cinan, crack.] 

Chinese (chi-neV), i. n. [pi. 
Chinese'.] l. Native of 
China, or member of the 
branch of the Mongolian 
race inhabiting China. 2. 
Language of the people of 
China. II. a. Of or per- 
taining to China. 

CHINK (chingk), n. 
narrow opening. 
cinu, cleft.] 

CHINK (chingk), v. 

CHINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHINKED (chingkt).] I. vt. 
Cause to open in cracks or slits. II. 
up chinks or cracks. 

CHINK (chingk), n. 1. Jingling or tinkling 
sound, as of coins thrown together. 2. Coin; 
cash. [From the sound made by coins when 
struck together.] 

CHINK (chingk), v. [pr.p. CHINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHINKED (chingkt).] I. vt. Cause to emit 
a tinkling sound, as by striking coins together. 
II. vi. Give forth a jingling sound, as of coins 
struck together. 

CHINKAPIN (ching'ka-pin), n. Dwarf chestnut, 
Castanea pumila, native shrub of the United 
States, or its edible nut. Called also cJiincapin 
and chinquapin. [From Am. Ind. name.] 

CHINK Y (ching'ki), a. Full of chinks; fissured. 

CHINQUAPIN (ching'ka-pin), n. Same as 
CHINKAPIN. 

CHINTZ, CHINTS (chints), n. Highly glacSd 
printed calico, with a pattern generally in 
several colors on a white or light-colored 
ground. [Originally, pi. of Hind, chint, spotted 
cotton-cloth.] 

CHIP (chip), v. [pr.p. CHIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHIPPED (chipt).] I. vt. 1. Chop or cut Into 
small pieces. 2. Break open, as the shell of the 
egg in hatching. 3. Pare away the crust of, 
as bread. II. vi. Break or fly off in chips. 
[From CHOP.] 

CHIP (chip), «. 1. Small piece chopped off. 
2. Small slice or piece. 3. Small disk of ivory, 
celluloid, etc., used in some games as a coun- 
ter. 4. Anything worthless or of little value. 
5. Act of chipping. 6. Naut. Triangular 
piece of wood at end of the log-line. 7. Cut 
made by chipping. — Chip beef, dried beef. — 
Chip hat, hat made of strips of the leaves of a 
Cuban palm (Chamerops argentea). — Chip of 
the old block, person having the characteristics 
of his father. 



fate, fat, task, 



far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf- 
u = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



CHIPMUNK 



217 



CHIVE 




Chipmunk (Tamias striatus) , 



CHIPMUNK (chip'mungk), n. Squirrel-like 
rodent of the 
genus Tam- 
ias, common- 
ly known as 
the striped 
squirrel. [Am, 
Ind.] 

CHIPPY(chip'i), 
n. [pi. CHIP'- 
PIES.] Zool. 
Small Ameri- 
can sparrow, the Zonotrichia socialis. Called 
also chipping-Mrd and chipping-sparrow. 

CHIPPY (chip'i), a. 1. Abounding in chips. 
2. Dry as a chip. 

CHIRI310YA (chir-i-moi'a), n. Fruit of the 
Anona CJierimolia, the custard apple of trop- 
ical America. Also called cherimoyer. 

CHIROGRAPH (ki'ro-graf), n. Any written 
or signed document. [Gr. cheir, hand, and 
grapho, write.] 

CHIROGRAPHER (ki-rog'ra-fer), w. One whose 
business is writing or copying. 

CHIROGRAPHIC (ki-ro-graf'ik), CHIRO- 

GRAPHICAL (ki-ro-graf'ik-al), a. Relating 
to chirography. 

CHIROGRAPHIST (ki-rog'ra-fist), n. Chirog- 
rapher. 

CHIROGRAPHY (kl-rog'ra-fi), w. Style of 
handwriting; handwriting. [Gr. cheir, hand, 
and graphe, writing.] 

CHIROLOGIST (ki-rol'o-jist), n. One who con- 
verses by signs with the hands. 

CHIROLOGY (ki-rol'o-ji), n. 1. Art of dis- 
coursing with the hands or by signs, as the 
deaf and dumb do. 2. Treatise on the hand. 
[Gr. cheir, hand, and logia, discourse.] 

CHIROMANCY (ki'ro-man-si), n. Art of telling 
fortunes by the lineaments of the hand; 
palmistry. [Gr. cheir, hand, and manteia, 
prophecy.] 

CHIROMETER (ki-rom'e-fcer), n. Field sextant 
or quadrant for angle measurements. 

CHIRON (kl'ron), n. Greek Myth. Centaur 
known as the teacher of Achilles and bosom 
friend of Peleus. He had been taught by 
Apollo and Artemis, and was famed for his 
learning, music, the chase, medicine, and, 
above all, prophecy. 

CHIRONOMY (ki-ron'o-mi), n. Science of 
gesticulation and pantomime. [Gr. cheir, 
hand, and nomos, rule or regulation.] 

CHIROPODIST (ki-rop'o-dist), n. Hand and 
foot doctor; one who removes corns, bunions, 
warts, etc. [Gr. cheir, hand, and pous, podos, 
foot.] 

CHIROPODY (ki-rop'o-di), n. Art of treating 
the hands and feet for the removal of corns, 
callosities, etc., and other infirmities. 

CHIROPTERA (ki-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Zool. Order 
of flying mammals; bats. [Gr. cheir, hand, 
and pteron, wing.] 



CHIRP (cherp), n. Sharp, short, cheerful sound, 
made by certain small birds and insects. 
[Imitative.] 

CHIRP (cherp), vi. [pr.p. CHIRPING; p.U and 
p.p. CHIRPED (cherpt).] 1. Make a sharp, 
short, cheerful noise, as certain small birds 
and insects. 2. Talk in a cheerful and lively 
strain. 

CHIRPER (cherp'er), «. One who or that which 
chirps, especially a chirping bird or insect. 

CHIRRUP (chir'up), n. 1. Encouraging, cheery 
sound made with the mouth to urge on a horse. 
2. Chirp. [From CHIRP.] 

CHIRRUP (chir'up), vi. [pr.p. CHIR'RUPING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHIRRUPED (chir'upt).] 1. 
Make a cheery sound with the mouth, as in 
urging on a horse. 2. Chirp. 

CHIRURGEON (ki-rur'jun), CHIRURGERY 
(ki-rur'jer-i), CHIRURGICAL (ki-rur'jik-al). 
Old forms of SURGEON, SURGERY, SURGI- 
CAL. [Fr. chirurgien; from Gr. cheirourgos; 
cheir, hand, ergon, a work.] 

CHISEL (chiz'el), vU [pr.p. CHIS'ELING; p.U 
and p.p. CHISELED (chiz'eld).] 1. Cut, carve 
or engrave with, or as with, a chisel. 2. Make 
by carving or cutting with a chisel. 3. 
Cheat; defraud; cut out. [O. Fr. cisel; from 
L. ccedo, cut.] 

CHISEL (chiz'el), n. Tool with a beveled edge, 
for mortising, carving, engraving, etc., usually 
having a handle, and operated by striking its 
upper end, or by pressure. 

CHIT (chit), n. Lively or pert little child; baby. 
[From KIT, kitten.] 

CHIT (chit), n. 1. Wedge-shaped chisel for sep- 
arating laths after leaving the saw. 2. Term 
applied to informal note or letter delivered 
by messenger in India and China. 3. Signed 
slip for money due for small purchases, or 
as due bill in clubs and restaurants in China 
and India. 

CHITAL (che'tal), n. Zool. Lithe spotted deer of 
East India (Axis maculata). [See AXIS.] 

CHITCHAT (chit'chat), n. Chatting or light fa- 
miliar talk. 

CHITTERLINGS (chit'er-lingz), n.pl. Smaller 
intestines of a pig or other edible animal. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

CHITTY (chit'i), n. Native money-lender of East 
Indies. 

CHIVALRIC (shiv'al-rik), a. 1. Pertaining to 
chivalry. 2. Chivalrous. 

CHIVALROUS (shiv'al-rus), a. High-spirited; 
gallant; noble; knightly. 

CHIVALROUSLY (shiv'al-rus-li), adv. In a 
chivalrous manner. 

CHIVALRY (shiv'aj-ri), n. 1. System of knight- 
hood in feudal times. 2. Usages and quali- 
fications of chevaliers or knights. 3. Noble- 
ness and gallantry of spirit; bravery; magna- 
nimity. [Fr. chevalerie; from chevalier, knight.] 

CHIVE (chiv), n. Herb allied to the leek and 
onion. [Fr. cive; from L. cepa, onion.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khssch in Scotch loch. 



CHLORAL 



218 



CHOLERA 



CHLORAL (klo'ral), n. Narcotic liquid with a 
peculiar penetrating odor, formed when an- 
hydrous alcohol is acted on by dry chlorin 
gas. [First syllables of CHLORINE and ALCO- 
HOL.] 
CHLORATE (klo'rat), n. Salt of chloric acid. 
CHLORIC (klo'rik), a. Of or from chlorin.— 
Chloric acid, syrupy liquid, with faint chlorin 
color and acid reaction. 
CHLORID (klo'rid), CHLORIDE (klo'rid), n. 
Compound of chlorin with some other sub- 
stance, as potash, soda, etc. 
CHLORIN (klo'rin), CHLORINE (klo'ren), n. 
Chcm. Yellowish-green gas with a peculiar 
and suffocating odor, effective in bleaching, 
deodorizing and disinfecting. [Gr. chloros, 
pale-green.] 
CHLORINATE (klo'ri-nat), vt. [pr.p. CHLO- 
RINATING; p.t. and p.p. CHLORINATED.] 
Treat or extract by use of chlorin, as metals. 
CHLORINATED (klo'ri-na-ted), a. Bleached 
or extracted through the agency of chlorin. 
CHLORITE (klo'rit), n. Min. Soft olive-green 

mineral. [Gr. chloritis, greenstone.] 
CHLORITE (klo'rit), vt. [pr.p. CHLO'RITING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHLO'RITED.] Convert into 
chlorite. 
CHLORODYNE (klo'ro-din), n. Powerful anti- 
spasmodic astringent medicine having chloro- 
form as its principal ingredient. 
CHLOROFORM (klo'ro-farm), n. Med. Limpid, 
mobile, colorless volatile, liquid with a char- 
acteristic odor and a strong sweetish taste, 
used to induce insensibility. [First syllables 
Of CHLORINE and FORMYL.] 
CHLOROFORM (klo'ro-farm), vt. [pr.p. CHLO- 
ROFORMING; p.t. and p.p. CHLORO- 
FORMED (klo'ro-farmd).] Render insensible 
by chloroform. 
CHLOR03IETER (klo-rom'e-ter), w. Instru- 
ment for measuring the bleaching powers of 
the chlorid of lime. 
CHLOR03IETRY (klo-rom'e-tri), n. Cliem. 
Process of testing the decoloring power of 
any compound of chlorin. [CHLORIN and 
METER.] 
CHLOROPHYL (klo'ro-fil), n. Green coloring 
matter of vegetation; also the part of the pro- 
toplasm colored by this matter; in the indigo 
plant, blue. [Gr. chloros, green, and phyllon, 
loaf.] 
CHLOROSIS (klo-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Green- 
sickness, a peculiar form of anemia or blood- 
lessness. [Gr. clridros, green.] 
CHLOROUS (klo'rus), a. Of or pertaining to 

chlorin. 
CHOCK (chok), vt. [pr.p. CHOCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHOCKED (chokt).] Fasten as with a 
block or wedge. [From CHOKE.] 
CHOCK (chok), n. Block or wedge, as for keep- 
ing a cask from rolling. 
CHOCK-FULL (chok'fol), a. Completely full; 
choke-full. 




Branch of the Chocolate 
Tree (Thcobroma cacao). 



CHOCOLATE (chok'o-lat), I. n. 1. Prepara- 
tion of roasted and 
ground cacao-seeds, 
or the nuts of the 
cacao or chocolate- 
tree. 2. Beverage 
made by a solution 
of the preparation. 
II. a. 1. Chocolate- 
colored; dark red- 
dish-brown. 2. Made 
of or flavored with 
chocolate. [Sp., from 
3Iex. chocolatl, choc- 
olate.] 
CHOICE (chois), I. a. 
[comp. CHOICER; 
superl. CHOICEST.] 
1. Worthy of being 
chosen; select. 2. Carefully chosen; fit; ap- 
propriate. 3. Dainty. II. ». 1. Act or power 
of choosing. 2. Thing chosen. 3. Alterna- 
tive. 4. Preference. 5. Preferable or best 
part. [Fr. choix; from choisir, choose.] 

CHOICELY (chois'li), adv. In a choice manner; 
with care in choosing. 

CHOICENESS (chois'nes), n. Quality of being 
choice. 

CHOIR (kwir), n. 1. Chorus or band of singers, 
especially those belonging to a church. 2. 
Part of a church appropriated to the singers. 
3. Part of a cathedral separated from the nave 
by a rail or screen. [Fr. chawr; from L. chorus, 
from Gr. choros.] 

CHOIR (kwir), vi. [pr.p. CHOIRING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHOIRED (kwird).] Sing in chorus. 

CHOKE (chok), v. [pr.p. CHOKING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHOKED (chokt).] I. vt. 1. Suffocate. 2. 
Stop or obstruct. 3. Suppress; stifle. II. vi. 1. 
Become strangled or suffocated. 2. Become 
stopped up or clogged. [Imitative.] 

CHOKE (chok), n. 1. Act of choking. 2. Con- 
traction in the bore of a gun. 

CHOKEBERRY (chok'ber-i), w. Bot. American 
shrub, the Pyrus aroutifolia, or its small as- 
tringent berry-like fruit. 

CHOKE-CHERRY (chok'cher-i), n. Species of 
wild cherry, the Prunus Vlrginiana, or its 
astringent fruit. 

CHOKE-DA3IP (chok'damp), n. Suffocating 
gas or vapor generated in coal mines, old wells, 
etc.; carbonic acid; carbon-dioxide gas. 

CHOKE-FULL (chok'fol), a. Full to repletion; 
chock-full. 

CHOKER (choker), n. 1. One who chokes. 2. 
Old style stiffened cravat or stock. (Colloq.) 

CHOKY (cho'ki), a. 1. Tending to choke. 2. 
Inclined to choke. 

CHOLER (kol'er), n. 1. Irascibility; rage; 
anger. 2. Formerly, bile. [Fr. colere, anger; 
from Gr. chole, bile.] 

CHOLERA (kol'er-a), n. Pathol. 1. Highly in- 
fectious and deadly disease due to bacilli, char- 



fate, fat, task, far, frill, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \s.h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 






CHOLERAIC 



219 



CHORD 



Full of choler; iras- 

Pathol. 1. First stage 
Mild form of cholera. 



acterized by bilious vomiting and purging; 
Asiatic cholera. 2. Cholera-morbus. [Gr. 
cholera; from chole, bile.] 

CHOLERAIC (kol-e-ra'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of cholera. 

CHOLERA-INFANTUM (kol-er-a-in-fan'tum), 
n. Pathol. Choleraic fever, or summer com- 
plaint of infants. 

CHOLERA-MORBUS (kol-er-a-mar'bus), n. 
Pathol. Painful non-infectious and non-epi- 
demic disease attended with purging and 
vomiting. [CHOLERA, and L. morbus, dis- 
ease.] 

CHOLERIC (kol'er-ik), a. 
cible. 

CHOLERINE (kol'er-in), n. 
of epidemic cholera. 2. 

CHONDROID(kon^droid),o. Cartilaginous. [Gr. 
chondros, cartilage, and eidos, form.] 

CHOOSE (choz), v. [pr.p. CHOOSING; p.t. 
CHOSE (choz); p.p. CHOSEN (cho'zn).] I. 
vt. 1. Select or take by preference; pick out; 
elect. 2. Desire, wish, or have a preference 
for. II. vi. 1. Will or determine. 2. Think 
fit. 3. Make one's choice. [A. S. ceosan.] 
SYN. Prefer; select; pick; cull. ANT. 
Reject; refuse; decline; dismiss; repudiate. 

CHOOSER (choz'er), n. One who chooses or has 
the power of choosing. 

CHOP (chop), v. [pr.p. CHOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHOPPED (chopt).] I. vt. 1. Cut with a sud- 
den blow. 2. Cut into small pieces; mince. 
3. Cause to break open or crack; chap. II. 
vi. 1. Perform the act of chopping, or cutting 
with quick blows. 2. Crack open; chap. [Dut. 
and Ger. happen, cut.] 

CHOP (chop), n. 1. Act of chopping. 2. Tool 
for chopping. 3. Piece chopped off. 4. Slice 
of meat containing a rib, as mutton chop. 5. 
Crack or cleft. 

CHOP (chop), n. Chop or jaw; generally used 
in the plural. 

CHOP (chop), n. 1. Passport. 2. Brand or qual- 
ity. [Hind, chhdp, stamp.] 

CHOP-DOLLAR (chop'dol-ar), n. Silver dollar 
of foreign coinage in China, Japan, etc., bear- 
ing a steel die stamp of each person through 
whose hands it passes to certify as to its being 
genuine. 





Obrerse. Reverse. 

Japanese Chop-dollar. 



Obverse. Reverse. 

Chinese Chop-dollar. 

CHOP-FALLEN (chop'faln), a. Literally, hav- 
ing the chop or lower jaw drooping; cast 
down; dejected. 

CHOP-HOUSE (chop'hows), n. Eating-house 
where mutton chops, etc., are served. 

CHOP-HOUSE (chop'hows), n. Chinese custom- 
house. 

CHOPPER (chop'er), n. One who or that which 
chops. 

CHOPPING (chop'ing), a. Suddenly and often 
changing about, said of waves ; choppy. 

CHOPPY (chop'i), a. 1. Rough, with short, 
quick waves. 2. Full of cracks; chapped. 

CHOPS (chops), n.pl. Jaws, especially of a 
beast; chaps. 

CHOP-STICKS (chop'stiks), n.pl. Two small 
sticks of wood, ivory, etc., used by the Chinese 
instead of knife and fork. 

CHOP-SUEY (chop-so'i), n. Preparation of 
finely cut pork cooked with onions, celery and 
other vegetables, seasoned with soy and other 
condiments and eaten with rice. [Chinese.] 

CHORAL (ko'ral), I. a. Belonging to a chorus 
or choir. II. n. 1. Simple harmonized com- 
position, with slow rhythm. 2. Tune written 
for a psalm or hymn. [L. L. choralis; from L. 
chorus, chorus.] 

CHORALCELO (ko-ral-sel'd), n. Stringed in- 
strument played by electro-magnetic influence, 
by means of keyboard which actuates suitable 
contacts. 

CHORALLY (ko'ral-i), adv. In the manner of a 
chorus; so as to suit a choir. 

CHORD (kard), n. 1. String of a musical in- 
strument. 2. Figuratively, means of touch- 
ing or playing upon the emotions. 3. Geom. 
Straight line joining the extremities of an arc. 
4. Anat. Cord; tendon. [L. chorda; from Gr. 
chorde, string of a musical instrument, in- 
testine.] 

CHORD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CHORD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHORD'ED.] Furnish with chords. 

CHORD (kard), n. 1. Music. Simultaneous and 
harmonious union of sounds of a different 
pitch. 2. Any harmonious combination, as 
of color. [Formed from ACCORD.] 

CHORD (kard), v. [pr.p. CHORD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHORD'ED.] I. vt. Bring into accord. 
II. vi. Be in accord; accord. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



(HO RIO 



220 



CIIRISTMAS-TIDE 



(HORE (chor), n. [pi. CHORES (chorz).] Light 
job or turn of work, usually in the plural; 
regular daily tasks required about a dwelling- 
house or farm. [A. S. cerr, turn.] 
CHORE (chor), vi. [pr.p. CHOKING; p.t. and 

p.p. CHORED (chord).] Do chores; char. 
CHOREA (ko-re'a),n. Pathol. St. Vitus's dance, 
a nervous disease causing irregular and invol- 
untary movements of the limbs or face. [L.; 
from Gr. choreia, dance.] 
CHORION (ko'ri-on), n. [pi. CHO'RIA.] 1. 
Etnbryol. Outer fetal envelope. 2. Bot. Ex- 
ternal membrane of the seeds of plants. [Gr.] 
CHORISIS (ko'ri-sis), n. The multiplication of a 
flower by division, and in clusters rather than 
by circles. 
CHORISTER (kor'ist-er), n. 1. Member of a 
choir or chorus. 2. Leader of a choir or cho- 
rus; precentor. 
CHOROGRAPHY (ko-rog'ra-fi), n. Delineation 
of various regions or districts. [Gr. choros, 
land, and -GRAPHY.] 
CHOROID (ko'roid), a. Anat. Resembling the 

chorion. 
CHOROLOGY (ko-rol'o-ji), n. Science that 
treats of the geographical and topographical 
distribution of organisms. [Gr. choros, place, 
and -LOGY.] 
CHORUS (ko'rus), n. 1. Body of singers who 
perform in concert, as in an opera or theater. 
2. That part of a composite vocal performance 
which is executed by the whole body of singers, 
in contradistinction to the solo airs, and con- 
certed pieces for selected voices. 3. Combina- 
tion of voices in one simultaneous utterance. 
4. In the ancient drama, company of persons 
introduced as beholding what passes in the 
acts of a piece, and who sang their sentiments 
between the acts. 5. Originally, a band of 
singers and dancers employed on festive 
occasions in honor of the gods, particularly 
Bacchus. [L.; from Gr. choros, dance.] 
CHOSE (shoz), n. Law. Any article of personal 

property. [Fr. ; from L. causa, cause.] 
CHOSE (choz), CHOSEN (cho'zn). See CHOOSE. 
CHOSEN (cho'zn), a. Select; choice. 
CHOUGH (chuf), n. Bird of the crow family 
which lives in community and nestles in cliffs. 
[A. S. ceo; from its cry.] 
CHOUSE (chows), n. 1. Imposition; trick. 2. 
Originally, a cheat. [Turk, chdush, interpreter.] 
CHOUSE (chows), vt. [pr.p. CHOUSING; p.t. 
and p.p. CHOUSED (chowst).] Cheat; de- 
fraud; swindle. 
CHOW-CHOW (chow'chow), n. Mixture; espe- 
cially mixed pickles prepared with mustard. 
[Chinese.] 
CHOWDER (chowder), n. Dish of clams or 
fish boiled with salt pork, vegetables, etc. 
[Fr. chaudiere, kettle.] 
CHRISM (krizm), n. Consecrated oil. [Gr. 

chrlstna; from chrio, anoint.] 
CHRISMAL (kriz'mal), I. a. Pertaining to 



chrism. II. n. 1» Case for containing chrism; 
pyx. 2. Veil used in christening. 

CHRISMATORY (kriz'ma-to-ri), n. Vessel for 
containing chrism. 

CHRISOM (kriz'um), n. 1. White cloth laid by 
the priest on a child newly anointed with 
chrism after its baptism. 2. The child itself. 
[From CHRISM.] 

CHRIST (krist), n. The Anointed; the Messiah; 
appellation given to Jesus as his official title. 
[Gr. Christos; from christos, p.p. of chrio, 
anoint. 

CHRISTEN (kris'n), vt. 1. Baptize in the name of 
Christ. 2. Give a name to. [A. S. cristnian; 
from cristen, Christian.] 

CHRISTENDOM (kris'n-dum), n. I. Part of the 
world in which Christianity is the received 
religion. 2. Whole body of Christians. 

CHRISTIAN (kris'chan or krist'yan), I. a. 1. 
Relating to Christ or his religion. 2. Believing 
in or professing the religion of Christ. 3. 
Manifesting the spirit of Christ or his religion. 
II. n. 1. One who believes or professes the 
religion of Christ. 2. One born in a Christian 
country. — Christian name, name given when 
christened as distinguished from the surname. 
— Christian Science, religious system founded 
by Mary Baker Eddy of Boston, in 1866, em- 
bracing the essential beliefs of Christianity, 
and differing from other Christian sects in the 
claim that the efficacy of its theology heals 
sickness as well as sin. 

CHRISTIANIA (kris-ti-an'i-a), w. Capital of 
Norway, on Christiania Fjord. 

CHRISTIANITY (kris-chi-an'i-ti or krist-yan'i- 
ti), n. 1. Religion of Christ. 2. Spirit of this 
religion. 

CHRISTIANIZATION (kris-chan-i-za'shun), n. 
Act of converting to Christianity. 

Christianize (kris'cnan-iz),v*. [pr.p. chris'- 

TIANIZING; p.t. and p.p. CHRISTIANIZED 

(kris'chan-Izd).] Make Christian; convert to 
Christianity. 

Christianlike (kris'chan-Uk), a. Befitting 

a Christian. 

CHRISTMAS (kris'mas), n. 1. Christmas day, 
the 25th of December, celebrated as the an- 
niversary of the birth of Christ. 2. Originally, 
a mass, in memory of the birth of Christ, 
celebrated annually on Christmas day. 
[Christ and mass.] 

Christmas-box (kris'mas-boks), n. 1. Box 

for collecting Christmas presents. 2. Box 
containing Christmas gifts. 3. In England, 
present given on "boxing day," or day after 
Christmas. 

CHRISTMAS-CARD (kris'mas-kiird), n. Orna- 
mented card sent from friend to friend at 
Christmas time. 

CHRISTMAS-EVE (kris'mas-ev), n. Evening 
before Christmas. 

Christmas-tide (kris'mas-tid), n. Season of 

Christmas; Christmas time. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CHRISTMAS-TREE 



221 



CHRYSOTILE 



Christmas-tree (kris'mas-tre), w. small 

tree, usually fir, to be set up in a room at 
Christmas time, bearing candles, ornaments, 
and Christmas presents. 

ChRISTOLOGY (kris-tol'o-ji), n. Branch of 
theology which treats of the nature and person 
of Christ. [CHRIST and -OLOGY.] 

CHROMATE (kro'mat), n. Chem. Salt of 
chromic acid. 

CHROMATIC (kro-mat'ik), a. 1. Relating to 
color. 2. Colored. 3. Music. Relating to or 
proceeding by semitones. [Gr. chromatikos; 
from chroma, color.] 

CHROMATICS (krd-mat'iks), n. Branch of 
optics which treats of colors. 

CHROME (krom), CHROMIUM (kro'mi-um), n. 
Chem. Metal remarkable for the beautiful 
colors of its compounds. [Gr. chroma, color.] 

CHROMIC (kro'mik), a. Pertaining to or ob- 
tained from chromium. 

CHROMIUM (kro'mi-um), n. Chem. Grayish- 
white metal. Called also chrome. 

CHROMO (krfl'mo), n. Chromolithograph. 

CHRO MO COLLO GRAPH (kro-mo-kol'o-graf), 
n. Phot. A reproduction in colors by the col- 
lodion process. 

CHROMOGRAM (kro 'mo-gram), n. 1. Photo- 
graph in colors. 2. Photog. Partial negative 
used in colored photography. 

CHROMOLITHOGRAPH (kro-mo-lith'o-graf), 
n. Lithograph printed in colors. [Gr. chroma, 
color, and LITHOGRAPH.] 

CHROMOLITHOGRAPHT (kro-mo-li-thog'ra- 
fl), n. Art of color-printing from a succession 
of stones. 

CHROMOPHOTOGRAPHT (kro-mo-fo-tog'ra- 
fl), n. Photography in colors. 

CHROMOSPHERE (kro'mo-sfer), n. Astron. 
Layer of incandescent red gas surrounding the 
sun through which the light of the photosphere 
passes. [Gr. chroma, color, and SPHERE.] 

CHROMOTYPE (kro'mo-tip), n. Chromolitho- 
graph. [Gr. chroma, color, and TYPE.] 

CHROMOT YPO GRAPH Y ( kro-mo-ti-pog'ra-fl) , 
n. Typography in colors. 

CHRONIC (kron'ik), a. 1. Lasting a long time. 
2. Deep-seated or long-continued, as opposed 
to ACUTE, said of a disease. [Gr. chronikos; 
from chronos, time.] 

CHRONICLE (kron'i-kl), n. Record of events in 
order of time. [Gr. chronika, annals; from 
chronos, time.] 

CHRONICLE (kron'i-kl), vt. [pr.p. CHRONI- 
CLING; p.t. and p.p. CHRONICLED (kron'i- 
kld).] Record. 

CHRONICLER (kron i-kler), n. Writer of 
chronicles. 

CHRONO, stem. Expressing or meaning time. 
[Gr. chronos, time.] 

CHRONOGRAM (kron'o-gram), n. 1. Inscrip- 
tion in which the date is expressed by numeral 
letters. 2. Record of a chronograph. [Gr. 
chronos, time, and gramma, letter.] 



CHRONOGRAPH (kron'o-graf), n. 1. Instru- 
ment for taking exact measurements of time, 
or for recording graphically the moment or 
duration of an event. 2. Chronogram. [Gr. 
chronos, time, and grapho, write.] 

CHRONOLOGER (kro-nol'o-jer), n. One who Is 
versed in chronology. 

CHRONOLOGICAL (kron-o-loj'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to chronology. 2. In the order of time. 

CHRONOLOGICALLY (kron-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a chronological manner. 

CHRONOLOGIST (kro-nol'o-jist), n. Same as 
CHRONOLOGER. 

CHRONOLOGIZE (kro-nol'o-jiz), vt. [pr.p. 
CHRONOL'OGIZING; p.t. and p.p. CHRONOL- 
OGIZED (kro-nol'o-jizd).] Arrange in chron- 
ological order or system. 

CHRONOMETER (kro-nom'e-ter), n. 1. Instru- 
ment for measuring time with great exactness, 
such as is used by mariners for determining 
the longitude at sea, etc. 2. Any instrument 
that measures time, such as a watch, clock, 
dial, etc. 3. Music. Metronome. [Gr. chronos, 
time, and metron, measure.] 

CHRONOMETRIC (kron-o-met'rik), CHRONO- 
METRICAL (kron-o-met'rik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to a chronometer, or to the measurement 
of time. 

CHRONOMETRY (kro-nom'e-tri), n. 1. Art of 
measuring time by means of instruments. 2. 
Measurement of time. 

CHRONOSPHERE (kro'no-sfer), n. Universal 
timepiece, showing the difference in time be- 
tween all places. (CHRONO and SPHERE.] 

CHRYSALID (kris'a-lid), a. Pertaining to or 
resembling a chrysalis. 

CHRYSALIS (kris'a-lis), n. [pi. CHRYS'ALISES 
or CHRYSALIDES (kri-sal'i-dez).] Pupa, or 
apparently torpid state, of an insect before it 
assumes its wings. [Gr. chrysallis; from 
chrysos, gold.] 

Chrysanthemum 

(kris-an'the-mum), n. 
Bot. 1. Genus of 
composite plants, re- 
markable for their 
large heads of showy 
flowers. 2. [c-] Plant 
or flower of this genus. 
[Gr. chrysos, gold, and^ 
anthemon, flower.] 

CHRYSOLITE (kris'o- 
lit), n. Min. Green 
transparent or trans- 
lucent mineral of a 
vitreous luster. [Gr. 
chrysos, gold, and lithos, stone.] 

CHRYSOTILE (kris'o-til), n. Min. Variety of 
commercial asbestos having a strong and silky 
fiber, which adapts it for such materials as 
asbestos fabrics, household utensils, theater 
curtains, etc. [Gr. chrysos, gold, and tilos, 
fine hair.] 




Chrysanthemum. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CHUB 



222 



CHY03IETER 




CHUB (chub), n. Small fat European river fish. 
[Sw. kuhb. block.] 

CHUBBY (chub'i), a. I 
Short and thick; I 
plump. 

CHUCK (chuk), vt. [pr. 
p. CHUCK'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CHICKED 
(chukt).] 1. Pat 
or tap gently, es- Chub {Leuciscus c halush 
pecially under the 

chin. 2. Toss; pitch. [Fr. choquer, jolt; 
allied to CHOCK.] 

CHUCK (chuk), n. 1. Gentle blow or tap, as 
under the chin. 2. Toss or throw. 3. Any 
game of pitch and toss. 

CHUCK (chuk), n. Food; provisions; grub. 
— Chuck wagon, commissary's wagon; pro- 
vision wagon. (Local, Western U. S.) 

CHUCK (chuk), n. Part of a beef extending from 
shoulder-blade to neck. 

CHUCK (chuk), vi. [pr.p. CHUCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHUCKED (chukt).] Make a clucking 
noise, as a hen; cluck. [Imitative.] 

CHUCK (chuk), n. Call of a hen; cluck. 

CHUCKALUCK (chuk'a-luk), n. Game of 
chance, played with dice. 

CHUCK-FULL (chuk'fol), n. Same as CHOCK- 
FULL. 

CHUCKLE (chuk'l), vi. [pr.p. CHUCKLING; 
p.t. and p.p. CHUCKLED (chuk'ld).] 1. Make 
the noise a hen does when calling her chickens; 
cluck. 2. Laugh in a quiet, suppressed man- 
ner, indicating derision or enjoyment. [Imi- 
tative.] 

CHUCKLE (chuk'l), n. 1. Cluck, as of a hen. 2. 
Short, convulsive or suppressed laugh, ex- 
pressive of satisfaction, exultation, or derision. 

CHUCKLE-HEAD (chuk'1-hed), n. Blockhead; 
numskull. 

CHUG (chug), vi. [pr.p. CHUGGING; p.t. and 
p.p. CHUGGED (chugd).] Fish with a gaff or 
barbed spear through a hole in the ice. 

CHUM (chum), n. Friend or associate, chiefly 
among schoolboys and students; roommate. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

CHUM (chum), vi. [pr.p. CHUMMING ; p.t. and 
p.p. CHUMMED (chumd).] Live as chums; 
share the same chamber or apartments. 

CHUMMY (chum'i), a. Sociable; friendly; in- 
timate. 

CHUMP (chump), n. 1. Short, thick, heavy 
piece of wood. 2. Blockhead; dolt. — Chump 
end, thick end, usually applied to a loin of 
mutton. [Ice. kumpr, log, block.] 

CHUNK fchnngk), n. Short, thick piece of any- 
thing, as wood, cake, etc. [Allied to CHUCK.] 

CHUNKY (chungk'i), a. Short and thick-set; 
chubby. 

CHURCH (church), n. 1. House set apart for 
Christian worship. 2. Whole body of Chris- 
tians. 3. The clergy. 4. Any particular sect 
or denomination of Christians. 5. Ecclesias- 



tical authority or influence, as distinguished 
from the civil power. 6. Any body of persons 
professing a common creed, not necessarily 
Christian. [A. S. circe; from Gr. kyriakon, 
belonging to the Lord; from kyrios, lord.] 

CHURCHMAN (churchman), n. [pi. CHURCH- 
MEN.] 1. Member of or upholder of an estab- 
lished church. 2. Clergyman or ecclesiastic. 

CHURCH-MEMBER (church'mem-ber), n. One 
in communion with or belonging to a church. 

CHURCHWARDEN (church'war-den), n. Officer 
in an Anglican church who represents the 
interests of a parish. 

CHURCHYARD (church'yard), n. Burial- 

ground round a church, adjoining a church, 
or belonging to a church. 

SYN. Cemetery; graveyard; God's acre; 
burying-ground; necropolis. 

CHURL (churl), n. 1. Ill-bred, surly fellow. 
2. Peasant; rustic [A. S. ceorl, man.] 

CHURLISH (churl'ish), a. Ill-bred; rude; surly. 

CHURLISHLY (churi'ish-li), adv. In a churlish 
manner. 

CHURLISHNESS (churl'ish-nes), n. Quality of 
being churlish. 

CHURN (churn), n. Vessel 
in which cream or milk is 
agitated or churned, to 
produce butter. [A. S. 
cyrin.~\ 

CHURN (churn), v. [pr.p. 
CHURNING; p.t. and p.p. 
CHURNED (churnd).] I. 
vt. 1. Agitate in a churn, 
as cream to produce but- 
ter. 2. Agitate or shake 
violently. II. vi. Perform 
the operation of churning. 

CHURNING (churning), n. 

1. Act or process of churning. 2. Quantity of 
butter made at one time. 

CHURR (chur), n. Low sound made by certain 

birds. [Imitative.] 
CHURR (chur), vi. [pr.p. CHURR'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. CHURRED (churd).] Make the low 

sound peculiar to certain birds. 
CHUTE (shot), n. 1. Inclined trough, channel, 

or track down which to pass water, logs, etc. 

2. [pi.] Kind of toboggan-slide for boats. [Fr. 
chute, fall.] 

CHYLE (kil), n. Phys. Fluid of the lacteal 
vessels. [Gr. chylos; from cheo, pour.] 

CHYLIFICATION (ki-li-fl-ka'shun), n. The 
formation of chyle. 

CHYLOUS (ki'lus), a. Pertaining to or consisting 
of chyle. 

CHY3IE (kim), n. PJiys. Pulp to which the 
food is reduced in the stomach. [Gr. chymos, 
juice.] 

CHYMOUS (ki'mus), a. Relating to or consisting 
of chyme. 

CHYOMETER (ki-om'e-ter), n. Device for as- 
certaining volume of liquids. 




[Revolving Churn. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



CIBOL 



223 



CINEMATOGRAPH 




Erribryol 



CIBOL (sibul), n. 1. Variety of onions. 2. 
Shallot. [Fr. ciboule; from L. cepa, onion.] 

CIBORIUM (si-bo'ri-um), n. [pi. CIBO'RIA.] 
Eccl. 1. Canopy supported on four pillars 
over the high altar. 2. Vessel nearly resem- 
bling a chalice, with an arched cover, in which 
the host is deposited. [L.; from Gr. kiborion, 
cup.] 

CICADA (si-ka'da), n. [pi. ( 
CICA'DAS or CICA'D^E.] ' 
Hemipterous insect remark- 
able for the loud sound it 
emits from ,a complicated 
apparatus of membranes and 
fibers situated under the 
abdomen; tree-locust. [L.] 

CICATRICE (sik'a-tris), n. 1. 
Bot. Scar in the bark of a 
tree. 2. Pathol. Cicatrix. 
[Fr. ; from L. cicatrix, scar.] 

CICATRICLE (sik'a-trik'l), n. 

minating point in the yolk of an egg. 
cicatricula, dim. of cicatrix, scar.] 

CICATRIX (sik'a-triks), n. [pi. CICATBICES 
(sik-a-trl'sez.] Pathol. Scar over a wound 
after it is healed. [L.] 

CICATRIZATION (sik-a-tri-za/shun), n. Process 
of healing over. 

CICATRIZE (sik'a-triz), v. [pr.p. CICATRIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. CICATRIZED (sik'a-trizd).] I. 
vt. Surg. Apply preparation to, for the pur- 
pose of inducing a cicatrix or scar. II. vi. 
Become healed or skinned over; heal, as a 
wound, leaving a scar or cicatrix. 

CICELY (sis'e-li), n. [pi. CICELIES (sis'e-liz).] 
Pot. Any of several species of umbelliferous 
plants, especially the Myrrhis odorata. [Gr. 
seselis.] 

CICERONE (che-cha-ro'na), n. [pi. CICERONI 
(che-cha-ro'ne or sis-e-ro'ne).] Guide who 
shows strangers the curiosities of a place; 
any guide. [It.; from L. Cicero, the Roman 
orator.] 

ClD (sid), n. Chief; captain; hero. [From the 
famous 11th century Castilian warrior against 
the Moors, styled "el Cid Campeador," whose 
real name was Roderigo, or Ruy Diaz (i.e. "son 
of Diego"). The name Cid is the Ar. seid, 
seiyid, lord.] 

CIDER (si'der), n. 1. Beverage consisting of 
the expressed juice of apples. 2. Expressed 
juice of any fruit, as orange cider, pear cider, 
etc. [Fr. cidre.] 

CI-DEVANT (se-de-vang'), a. Former. [Fr.] 

CIENCHY31A (si-en'ki-ma), n. System of vessels 
secreting the peculiar juice of a plant; lactif- 
erous tissue. 

CIGAR ( si-gar') , n. Small roll of tobacco, rounded 
to a point at one end, for smoking. [Sp. 
cigarro.] 

CIGARETTE (sig-a-ref), n. Little cigar made 
of finely cut tobacco rolled in thin paper. [Fr.] 

CILIA (sil'i-a), n.pl. 1. The eyelashes. 2. Biol. 



Hair-like processes of extreme delicacy of 
structure and minuteness of size, projecting 
from cells, membranes, organs, etc. [L., nom. 
pi. of cilium, eyelash.] 

CILIARY (sil'i-a-ri), a. Biol. 1. Pertaining to 
the eyelashes. 2. Pertaining to the cilia in 
plants and animals. 

CILIATE (sil'i-at), CILIATED (sil'i-a-ted), O. 
Furnished with cilia. 

CILICIOUS (si-lish'us), a. Made of hair. [L. 
cilicium, haircloth.] 

CILIF0R3I (sil'i-farm), CILIIFORM (sil'i-i- 
farm), a. Like cilia for fineness and number, 

CILIUM (sil'i-um), n. See CILIA. 

ClMBRIAN (sim'bri-an), I. a. Cimbric. II. n. 
One of the ancient Cimbri. 

ClMBRIC (sim'brik), a. Pertaining to the an- 
cient Cimbri, a people from central and 
northern Europe, crushed by Marius 101 B.C. 
Also called Cimbrian. 

ClMEX (si'meks), n. Entom. Genus of hemip- 
terous insects, including the bedbug (Cimex 
lectularius). [L., bug.] 

CIMMERIAN (sim-me'ri-an), a. 1. Relating to 
the Cimmerii, a tribe fabled to have lived in 
perpetual darkness. 2. Extremely or densely 
dark. 

CINCH (sinch), n. 1. Saddle-girth. 2. Sure 
thing; sure grip or hold. 3. Game of cards 
similar to pedro. [Sp. cincha, girth; from L. 
cingula, girdle; from cingo, gird.] 

CINCH (sinch), v. [pr.p. CINCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. CINCHED (sincht).] I. vt. 1. Fasten a 
cinch around. 2. Get a sure grip on. II. vi. 
Tighten or fasten the cinch. 

CINCHONA (sin-ko'na), n. Med. 1. Peruvian 
bark, from which the important alkaloids, 
quinine and its congeners, are obtained. 2. 
Tree yielding Peruvian bark. [Countess 
Chinchon, of Spain, who was cured of a fever 
by it in 1638.] 

CINCINNATI (sin-sin-nat'i), n. Second city of 
Ohio, on N. bank of Ohio River. 

ClNCINNATUS (sin-sin-na'tus), n. Pat. Myth. 
Legendary Roman emperor and general who 
abandoned the plow to lead the Roman army 
to victory, and afterwards resumed his agri- 
cultural pursuits after declining the dictator- 
ship of Rome. 

CINCTURE (singk'chur or singk'tur), n. 1. 
Girdle or belt. 2. Arch. Molding round a 
column. [L. cinctura; from cinctus, p.p. of 
cingo, gird.] 

CINDER (sin'der), n. 1. Charred bit of coal, 
wood, etc. 2. [pi.] Dross or refuse of burned 
coal, wood, etc. 3. Scoria; slag. [A. S. sinder.] 

CINEMATIC (sin-e-mat'ik), etc. Same as KINE- 
MATIC, etc. 

CINEMATOGRAPH (sin-e-mat'o-graf), n. Ap- 
paratus by which a numerous series of photo- 
graphs, taken at rapid intervals, and repre- 
senting some moving scene, is projected onto a 
screen at the same rapid rate at which they 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CINERARY 



224 



CIRCULAR 



were taken, giving a moving representation of 
the original scene. Also kinematograph. [See 
BIOGRAPH, also cut under MOTION PIC- 
TURES.] [Gr. kinema, kinematos, motion, 
and grapho, write.] 

CINERARY (sin'e-ra-ri), a. Pertaining to ashes. 
[L. cinerarius; cinis, cineris, ashes.] 

CINERATION (sin-e-ra'shun), n. Act of reducing 
to ashes. 

CINEREA (si-ne'ri-a), n. Anat. Gray or cellular, 
as distinguished from white or fibrous, nerve 
tissue. [L. cinereus, ashy.] 

CINEREAL (si-ne're-al), a. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of cinerea. 

CINEREOUS (si-ne're-us), a. Ashy-gray. 

CINERITIOUS (sin-e-rish'us), a. 1. Ashy-gray. 
2. Pertaining to gray nerve tissue. 

CINGALESE (sing-ga-les'), I. a. Relonging to 
Ceylon. II. n. Native of Ceylon; Singhalese. 

CINNARAR (sin'a-bar), n. Min. Red sulphide 
of mercury, called vermilion when used as a 
pigment. [Gr. kinnabara.] 

CINNAMON (sin'a- 
mun), n. Aromatic 
inner bark of a spe- 
cies of laurel, chief- 
ly found in Ceylon. 
Cassia bark, which 
somewhat resem- 
bles cinnamon, is" 
sometimes substi- 
tuted for it. [L. 
cinnamomum; Heb. 
qinndmon.] 

CINQUE (singk), n. 
Number of five, as 
on dice. [Fr. cinq; from L. quinque, five.] 

CINQUEFOIL (singk'- 
foil), n. 1. Bot. Any 
plant of the genus 
Potentilla; five-fin- 
ger; five-bladed clo- 
ver. 2. Arch. Or- 
nament consisting of 
five cuspidated di- 
visions, used in win- 
dows, etc. [CINQUE 
and FOIL.] 

CIPHER (si'fer), n. 1. 
Arithmetical char- 
acter (0); naught; 

zero. 2. Person or thing of little value or 
importance. 3. Monogram. 4. Secret alphabet 
or writing. — Cipher code. Teleg. Code in which 
a number of words or phrases are represented 
by single words, or by arbitrary words or 
syllables. [O. Fr. cifre; from Ar. sifr, 

empty.] 
CIPHER (si'fer), v. [pr.p. CI'PHERING; p.t. and 
p.p. CIPHERED (si'ferd).] I. vt. 1. Calcu- 
late or work out, as sums. 2. Characterize; 
depict. 3. Write in cipher. II. vi. Com- 
pute or work out sums. 




Branch of Cinnamon Tree 
{Cinnamomum Zeylanicum). 




Cinquefoil ornament. 




Circassian. 



CIRCASSIAN (ser-kash'yan), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to Circassia, a district of Russia, on 
the north of Mount Cau- 
casus. II. n. 1. Native 
of Circassia. 2. Kind of 
light cashmere of silk and 
mohair. 

ClRCEAN (ser-se'an), a. 1. 
Greek Myth. Relating to 
the beautiful sorceress 
Circe, who transformed 
the companions of Ulysses 
into swine by a magic 
beverage. 2. Infatuating 
and degrading. 

CIRCINATE (ser'si-nat), a. Bot. Rolled in spi- 
rally downwards, the tip occupying the center, 
as in ferns. [L. circinus, compasses.] 

CIRCLE (ser'kl), n. 1. Plane figure defined by 
a curved line called its circumference, every 
point in which is equally distant from a certain 
point within the circle, called its center. 2. 
Curved line defining such figure; circumfer- 
ence; ring. 3. Any series ending as it begins; 
cycle. 4. Compass; circuit; inclosure. 5. 
Circumlocution; indirectness of language. 
6. Figure in magic, as the magic circle. 7. 
Company surrounding the principal person. 8. 
Class or division of society, 9. Territorial 
division. 10. Astronomical instrument for 
measuring angles. [A. S. circul; from L. 
circulus, dim. of circus.] 

CIRCLE (ser'kl), v. [pr.p. CIRCLING; p.t. and 
p.p. CIRCLED (ser'kld).] I. vt. 1. Move or 
revolve round; encircle. 2. Surround; in- 
close; encompass as with a circle. II. vi. 1. 
Move round or in a circle. 2. Form or stand 
in a circle. 

CIRCLET (ser'klet), n. Small circle or ring. 

CIRCUIT (ser'kit), n. 1. Act of moving round 
anything. 2. Area; extent; circumference. 
3. Round made in the exercise of a calling. 4. 
District in which such rounds are made. 5. 
Pathol. Period or course of disease. 6. Elec. 
Path in which electricity circulates or passes 
from a given point around or through a con- 
ducting path back again to its starting-point. 
[Fr. ; from L. circuitus, p.p. of circumeo, go 
round; from circum, round, and eo, go.] 

CIRCUITOUS (ser-ku'i-tus), a. Round about. 
SYN. Winding; tortuous; devious; ser- 
pentine. ANT. Direct; straight; straight- 
forward; undeviating. 

CIRCUITOUSLY (ser'ku-i-tus-li), adv. In a cir- 
cuitous manner. 

CIRCUITY (ser-ku/i-ti), n. Motion in a circle; 
indirect course. 

CIRCULAR (ser'ku-lar), I. a. 1. Of the shape 
of a circle; round. 2. Moving in a circle. 3. 
Cyclic. 4. Designed for circulation. II. n. 
Letter, announcement or notice intended for 
circulation among a number of persons. [L. 
circularise from circulus, little circle.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u.-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. ' 



CIRCULARITY 



225 



CIRCUMPOSE 






CIRCULARITY (ser-ku-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being circular. 

CIRCULARIZE (ser'ku-lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- 
CULARIZING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCULARIZED 
(ser'ku-lar-Izd).] Supply with circulars by 
distribution. 

CIRCULARLY (ser'ku-lar-li), adv. In a circular 
manner. 

CIRCULATE (ser'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. CIRCULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCULATED.] I. vt. 
Put into circulation; disseminate. II. vi. 1. 
Move round and return to same point. 2. 
Move or pass from place to place, or from per- 
son to person, or from hand to hand; be cur- 
rent. [L. circulatusy p.p. of circulo, move in 
a circle.] 

SYN. Disseminate; diffuse; spread; pub- 
lish; distribute. ANT. Suppress; hush; with- 
hold. 

CIRCULATION (ser-ku-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
circulating. 2. State of being circulated. 3. 
Extent to which anything is circulated. 4. 
Currency or circulating medium. — Circula- 
tion of the blood. Phys. Natural motion of the 
blood in the living animal, whereby it is alter- 
nately sent by the action of the heart through 
the arteries to all parts of the body, and re- 
turned to the heart through the veins. 

CIRCULATIVE (ser'ku-la-tiv), a. Circulating. 

CIRCULATOR (ser'ku-la-ttur), n. One who or 
that which circulates. 

CIRCULATORY (ser'ku-la-to-ri), a. 1. Circu- 
lating. 2. Phys. Pertaining to or affecting 
the circulation of the blood. 

CIRCUM-, prefix. Around; about; on all sides. 
[L., from circus, circle.] 

CIRCUMAMBIENT (ser-kum-am'bi-ent), a. Ex- 
tending or going round about; surrounding; 
encompassing. [CIRCUM- and AMBIENT.] 

CIRCUMAMBULATE (ser-kum-am'bu-lat), v. 
[pr.p. CIRCUMAMBULATING ; p.t. and p.p. 
CIRCUMAMBULATED.] I. vt. 1. Walk 
round. 2. Go all around; search thoroughly. 
II. vi. Walk or go round about. [CIRCUM- 
and AMBULATE.] 

CIRCUMAMBULATION ( ser - kum - am - bu - la'- 
shun), n. Act of circumambulating. 

CIRCUMAMBULATORY(ser-kum-am'bu-la-to- 
ri), a. Perambulating. 

CIRCUMCISE (ser'kum-siz), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- 
CUMCISING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMCISED 
(s§r'kum-sizd).] 1. Cut off the foreskin of, as 
in performance of the rite enjoined upon the 
Jews by the Mosaic law. 2. Purify by, as it 
were, cutting away the sins (Deut. xxx. 6). 
[L. circumcisus, p.p. of circumcido; from 
circum, round, and cceddo, cut.] 

CIRCUMCISION (ser-kum-sizh'un), n. Act of 
circumcising. 

CIRCUMFERENCE (ser-kum'fer-ens), n. 1. 
Bounding line of a circle. 2. Line surround- 
ing anything; compass. 3. Distance round. 
[L. circum, about, and ferre, bear.] 



CIRCUMFERENTIAL (ser-kum-fe-ren'shal), a. 
Circular; circuitous. 

CIRCUMFERENTOR (ser-kum-fe-ren'tur), n. 
1. Instrument used by surveyors and miners 
for measuring horizontal angles. 2. Device 
for measuring tires. 

CIRCUMFLECT (ser-kum-flekf), vt. [pr.p. CIR- 
CUMFLECT'ING; p.t.SiUdp.p. CIRCUMFLECT'- 
ED.] 1. Mark with a circumflex. 2. Bend 
round. [L. circum, around, and flecto, 
bend.] 

CIRCUMFLEX (ser'kum-fleks), I. a. 1. Marked 
or pronounced with a circumflex accent. 2. 
Bent over or around. I. n. 1. Accent mark ( A ) 
used over a letter to denote a rising and falling 
of the voice on a vowel or syllable. 2. Sim- 
ilar mark placed over a vowel to indicate a 
particular sound. 3. Tone of the voice com- 
prising both a rise and fall on the same vowel 
or syllable. [L. circumflexus, bending round, 
from circumflecto, bend round; circum, around, 
and flecto, bend.] 

CIRCUMFLEX (ser'kum-fleks), vt. [pr.p. CIR'- 
CUMFLEXING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- 
FLEXED (ser'kum-flekst).] 1. Mark or utter 
with a circumflex accent. 2. Bend round. 

CIRCUMFLUENT (ser-kum'flo-ent), a. Flowing 
round. [L. circumfluo, flow round; from cir- 
cum, round, and fluo, flow.^, 

CIRCUMFUSE (ser-kum-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- 
CUMFU'SING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMFUSED 
(sSr-kum-f uzd').] Pour around; spread 
round. [L. circum, around, and fundo, fusum, 
pour.] 

CIRCUMFUSION (ser-kum-fu'zhun), n. 1. Act 
of circumfuslng. 2. State of being circum- 
fused. 

CIRCUMJACENT (ser-kum-ja'sent), a. Lying 
round; bordering on every side. [L. circum, 
around, and jaceo, lie.] 

CIRCUMLOCUTION (ser-kum-16-kii'shun), n. 
Roundabout speaking; periphrasis. [L. cir- 
cumlocutiof from circum, around, and loqui, 
locutus, talk.] 

CIRCUMLOCUTORY (ser-kum-lok'u-td-ri), a. 
Periphrastical. 

CIRCUMNAVIGABLE (ser-kum-nav'i-ga-bl), a. 
Capable of being circumnavigated. 

CIRCUMNAVIGATE (ser-kum-nav'i-gat), vt. 
[pr.p. CIRCUMNAVIGATING; p.t. and p.p. 
CIRCUMNAVIGATED.] Sail round. [CIR- 
CUM- and NAVIGATE.] 

CIRCUMNAVIGATION (ser-kum-nav-i-ga- 
shun), n. Act of circumnavigating. 

CIRCUMNAVIGATOR (ser-kum-nav'i-ga-tur), 
n. One who circumnavigates. 

CIRCUMPOLAR (ser-kum-pd'lar), a. Situated 
round or near the pole. [CIRCUM- and 
POLAR.] 

CIRCUMPOSE (ser-kum-poz'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- 
CUMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMPOSED 
(ser-kum-pozd').] Place round. [CIRCUM- 
and -POSE.] 



! 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CIRCUMPOSITION 



226 



CIST 



CIRCUMPOSITION (ser-kum-po-zish'un), n. 
Act of placing round. 

CIRCUMSCRIBE (ser-kum-skrib'), vt. [pr.p. 
CIRCUMSCRI'BING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- 
SCRIBED (ser-kum-skribd').] 1. Draw a 
line round. 2. Inclose within certain limits; 
limit. [L. circum, round, and scribo, write.] 

CIRCUMSCRIPTION (ser-kum-skrip'shun), n. 

1. Act of circumscribing. 2. State or condition 
of being circumscribed. 

CIRCUMSCRIPTIVE (ser-kum-skrip'tiv), a. 
Marking the external form or outline. 

CIRCUMSPECT (ser'kum-spekt), a. Watchful 
on all sides; wary; cautious; discreet; prudent. 
[L. circum, round, and specio, look.] 

CIRCUaiSPECTION (ser-kum-spek'shun), n. 
Watchfulness; caution; wariness. 

CIRCUMSPECTIVE (ser-kum-spek'tiv), a. 
Looking around; wary. 

CIRCUMSPECTLY (ser-kum-spekt'li), adv. In 
a circumspect manner. 

CIRCU31SPECTNESS (ser-kum-spekt'nes), n. 
Vigilance; caution; wariness. 

CIRCU3ISTANCE (ser'kum-stans), n. t. Ad- 
junct of a fact; something adventitious; in- 
cident; event. 2. [pi.] State of affairs; one's 
state or condition; situation; environment. 
[L. circumstantia; from circum, around, and 
sto, stantis, stand.] 
SYN. See DETAIL. 

CIRCUMSTANCE (ser'kum-stans), vt. [pr.p. 
CIR'CUMSTANCING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- 
STANCED (ser'kum-stanst).] Place in par- 
ticular circumstances, or in a particular situa- 
tion. 

CIRCUMSTANTIAL (ser-kum-stan'shal), a. 1. 
Consisting of details; particular; minute. 2. 
Dependent on circumstances. 3. Law. In- 
ferred from circumstances; deduced indirectly, 
not by direct proof; as, circumstantial evidence. 

CIRCUMSTANTIALITY (ser-kum-stan-shi-al'i- 
ti), a. Extreme attention to details; minute- 
ness. 

CIRCUMSTANTIALLY (ser-kum-stan'shal-i), 
adv. In a circumstantial manner. 

CIRCUMSTANTIATE (ser-kum-stan'shi-at), vt. 
[pr.p. CIRCUMSTANTIATING; p.t. and p.p. 
CIRCUMSTANTIATED.] 1. Set forth minutely. 

2. Prove by circumstances, or circumstan- 
tially. 

CIRCUMVALLATE (ser-kum-val'at), vt. [pr.p. 
GTRCUMVAI/LATING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- 
VAL'LATED.] Surround with a rampart or 
fortifications. [L. circumvallatus; p.p. of 
circutnvallo; from circum, round, and vallum, 
wall.] 

CIRCUM VALIDATION (ser-kum-val-la'shun), n. 
1. Act of surrounding with a wall. 2. Wall or 
fortification surrounding a town or fort. 

CIRCUMVENT (ser-kum-vent'), vt. [pr.p. CIR- 
CUMVENTING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUMVENT- 
ED.] Get round or outwit; deceive or cheat. 
[L. circum, around, and venio, come.] 




Roman Circus. 



CIRCUMVENTION (ser-kum-ven'shun), n. Act 

of deceiving, or gaining an advantage over 

by the use of arts and trickery. 
CIRCUMVENTIVE (ser-kum-vent'iv), a. De- 
ceiving by artifices. 
CIRCUMVOLUTION (ser-kum-vd-lo'shun), n. 1. 

Act of turning or rolling round. 2. Anything 

winding or sinuous. [L. circumvolutus; from 

circum, around, and volutio, rolling; from 

volvo, volutum, roll.] 
CIRCUMVOLVE (ser-kum-volv'), v. [pr.p. 

CIRCUMVOLV'ING; p.t. and p.p. CIRCUM- 

VOLVED (ser-kum-volvd').] I. vt. Roll 

round. II. vi. Revolve. [L. circum, around, 

and volvo, roll.] 
CIRCUS (ser'kus), n. 1. 

Exhibition of performing 

acrobats, equestrians, 

clowns, etc., usually given 

in a tent having one or- 

more ring-shaped areas 

for the performers, and 

tiers of seats for the spectators, arranged as In 

an ampitheater. 2. Among the Romans, an 

oblong building without a roof, in which public 

chariot-races and exhibitions of pugilism and 

wrestling, etc., took place. [L. circus, ring, 

circus.] 
CIRQUE (serk), n. 1. Circular building. 2. 

Circle. 3. Geol. Encircling cliff. [Fr.] 
CIRRHOSIS (si-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Induration 

of the tissues of the liver. 
CIRRI (sir'I), n.pl. See CIRRUS. 
CIRRIFORM (sir'i-farm), a. Like a cirrus. 
CIRRO-CUMULUS (sir-o-ku'mu-lus), n. Meteor. 

Fleecy cloud intermediate between the cirrus 

and cumulus. See CLOUD. [L. cirrus, curl, 

and cumulus, heap.] 
CIRROSE (sir'ros), a. Bot. Terminating or 

coiled in a tendril. 
CIRRO-STRATUS (sir-6-stra'tus), n. JMLeteor. 

Mottled-looking cloud intermediate between 

the cirrus and stratus. [L. cirrus, curl, and 

stratus, p.p. of sterno, spread.] 
CIRROUS (sir 'us), a. 1. Meteor. Pertaining to 

a cirrus cloud. 2. Biol. Having cirri. 
CIRRUS (sir'us), n. [pi. CIRRI (sir'I).] 1. Meteor. 

Cloud, like a curled or tufted lock of hair. 

2. Bot. Tendril. 3. Zool. Any curled filament. 

[L. cirrus, curl, tendril.] 
CIS-, prefix. On this side. [L. cis.] 
CISALPINE (sis-al'pin), a. On the Roman side 

of the Alps. [L. cisalpinus; from cis, on this 

side, and Alpinus, Alpine.] 
CISATLANTIC (sis-at-lan'tik), a. On this side 

of the Atlantic. [CIS- and ATLANTIC] 
CISMONTANE (sis-mon'tan), a. On this side 

the mountains; opposed to ULTRAMONTANE. 

[CIS-, and L. montanus, pertaining to the 

mountains; from mons, mountain.] 
CIST (sist), n. Tomb consisting of a stone chest 

covered with stone slabs. [L. cista; from Gr. 

kiste, box.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CISTERCIAN 



227 



CIVILLY 



ClSTERCIAN (sis-ter'shan), n. One of the order 
of monks established in 1098 in the forest of 
Citeaux (Cistercium), in France. 

CISTERN (sis'tern), n. Receptacle or reservoir 
for holding water or other liquid. [L. cisterna; 
from cista, box.] 

CITABLE (si'ta-bl), a. Subject to being cited, 
summoned or quoted. 

CITADEL (sit'a-del), n. 1. Fortress, in a com- 
manding position, in or near a city. 2. Ar- 
mored structure for protecting the gunners on 
certain warships. [It. citadella, dim. of citta, 
city.] 

CITATION (si-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of quoting. 

2. Passage or name quoted. 3. Law. Official 
summons to appear and answer. 4. Refer- 
ence to decide cases or books of authority to 
prove a point of law. 

CITATORY (si'ta-to-ri), o. Pertaining to, in the 
form of, or of the nature of, a citation. 

CITE (sit), vt. [pr.p. CI'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
CI'TED.] 1. Adduce as proof or authority. 2. 
Refer to specifically; name. 3. Law. Summon 
to appear in court. [L. cito; cieo, make to go.] 

CITHARA (sith'a-ra), n. Ancient musical in- 
strument closely resembling the guitar. [Gr. 
kithara.] 

CITHERN (sith'ern), CITTERN (sit'ern), n. 
Metal-stringed instrument, played with a 
plectrum. [Gr. kithara, cithara.] 

CITIZEN (sit'i-zen), n. 1. Member of a nation 
or state, as opposed to an ALIEN. 2. One who 
resides in a city or town; townsman. 3. Civil- 
ian. 4. Freeman. [O. Fr. citeain.] 

CITIZENSHIP (sit'i-zen-ship), n. State or con- 
dition of being a citizen; rights of a citizen. 

CITOLE (sit'61), n. Small dulcimer used in 
medieval times. [O. Fr. ; from L. cithara.] 

CITRATE (sit'rat), n. Chem. Salt of citric acid. 

CITREOUS (sit're-us), a. Citrine. 

CITRIC (sit'rik), a. Derived from the citron. 
[L. citrus, citron-tree.] 

CITRINE (sit'rin), I. a. Dark and greenish yel- 
low, like a citron or lemon. II. n. 1. Citrine 

1 color. 2. Min. Rock crystal of this color. 

CITRON (sit'run), n. 1. Fruit 
of the citron-tree, resem- 
bling a lemon. 2. Candied 
rind or peel of this fruit, 
used for cooking and con- 
fectionery. 3. Melon-like 
fruit, used for making pre- 
serves. [Fr. ; L. citrus, cit-, 
ron-tree.] 

CITTERN (sit'ern), n. Same' 
as CITHERN. 

CITY (sit'i), n. [pi. CIT'IES.] 

1. Any town incorporated Citron. 

and governed by a mayor and common coun- 
cil or board of aldermen; municipality. 2. 
Any large important town; in England, a 
town which is or has been the seat of a bishop. 

3. Collective body of citizens of a city. [Fr. 





Civet-cat (Viverra 
civetta). 



cite, city; from L. civitas, state; from civis, 
citizen.] 

CIVET (siv'et), n. 1. 

Resinous substance hav- 
ing a musk-like odor, 
obtained from several 
animals of the genus 
Viverra, especially the 
civet, or civet-cat. 2. 
Civet-cat, a carnivorous' 
animal of Africa, about 
the size of a fox. [Fr. 
civette; from Ar. zabad, 
civet.] 

CIVIC (siv'ik), a. Relating to civil affairs or 
honors. [L. civicus; from civis, citizen.] 

CIVICS (siv'iks), n. Science that treats of citizen- 
ship and the relations between citizens and 
the government. 

CIVIL (siv'il), a. 1. Pertaining to a community. 
2. Civic, as opposed to military. 3. Lay, 
secular, or temporal, as opposed to ecclesias- 
tical. 4. Law. Pertaining to an action in a 
private suit, as distinguished from a criminal 
trial. 5. Mil. Intestine; applied to a war 
waged between citizens of the same country. 
6. Polit. Connected with, or pertaining to, 
the internal or domestic government of a state 
or nation; not military or naval. 7. Polite; 
courteous; complaisant. — Civil death, loss of 
all civil and legal but not natural privileges, 
as by outlawry. — Civil engineer, one who 
plans railways, docks, etc., as opposed to a* 
military engineer, or to a mechanical engineer, 
who makes machines, etc* — Civil law. 1. 
Common and statute law, excepting the 
criminal law. 2. Specifically, the Roman law. 
— Civil service, paid service of the nation or 
state, in so far as it is not military or naval. 
— Civil war, war between citizens of the same 
country. [L. civilis; from civis, citizen.] 

CIVILIAN (si-vil'yan), n. 1. One who is engaged 
in the pursuits of civil life. 2. Professor of 
Roman law and general equity. 

CIVILITY (si-vil'i-ti), n. ' [pi. CIVIL'ITIES.] 1. 
Politeness; courtesy. 2. Civil or polite act 
or speech. 

CIVILIZABLE (siv'i-li-za-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing civilized. 

CIVILIZATION (siv-i-li-za'shun), n. 1. State of 
being civilized. 2. Act of civilizing. 

CIVILIZE (siv'i-liz), vt. [pr.p. CIVILIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. CIVILIZED (siv'i-lizd).] Reclaim 
from barbarism; bring to a condition of civili- 
zation. 

CIVILIZED (siv'i-lizd), a. Enlightened; in or 
pertaining to a state of civilization. 

CIVILIZER (siv'i-li-zer), n. 1. One who civilizes. 
2. That which reclaims from savagery. 

CIVILLY (siv'il-i), adv. 1. In a courteous and 
polite manner. 2. Law. By way of a civil 
action, not criminally. 3. In the eye of the 
law, as civilly dead. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CIVIL-RIGHTS 



228 



CLANDESTINE 



CIVIL-RIGHTS (siv'il-ritz), n. Rights accorded 
citizens by Articles 13 and 14 of amendments 
to the Constitution of the United States, as 
well as of other state and local laws. 

CIVISM (siv'izm), n. 1. State of being well af- 
fected towards the government; good citizen- 
ship. 2. Civil rule as opposed to military. 

ClVITA VECCHIA (che've-ta vek'ki-a). Sea- 
port, Italy, 38 m. N. W. of Rome. 

CLABBER (klab'er), n. Curdled sour milk; bon- 
nyclabber. [Gael, clabber, mud.] 

CLABBER (klab'er), vi. [pr.p. CLAB'BERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLABBERED (klab'erd).] Be- 
come thick or coagulated, as soured milk. 

CLACK (klak), v. [pr.p, CLACK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLACKED (clakt).] I. vt. Cause to emit 
a sudden sharp noise; click; cluck; knock to- 
gether; clap. 2. Rattle. 3. Babble. II. 
vi. 1. Make a sudden sharp noise; click; clap; 
clatter; cluck. 2. Chatter; cackle. [Imita- 
tive.] 

CLACK (klak), n. 1. Sharp 
sudden sound. 2. De- 
vice for producing such 
sound. 3. Chatter. — 
Clack valve, valve having 
a flap or a hinge which 
lifts up to let the fluid 
pass, but prevents it from 
returning by falling back 
over the aperture. 

CLACKER (klak'er), n. 1. 
One who or that which 
clacks; clapper; rattle. 2. 
Claqueur. 

CLAD (klad), v. Past tense and past participle of 
CLOTHE. 

CLAGGY (klag'i), a. Sticky; slimy; muddy; ad- 
hesive; gummy. 

CLAIM (klam), v. [pr.p. CLAIM'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLAIMED (klamd).] I. vt. 1. Demand 
on the ground of right; assert a claim to. 2. 
Assert; hold; maintain; contend. II. vi. Be 
justly entitled to something; make a claim; 
derive title. [O. Fr. claimer; from L. clatno, 
cry out.] 

CLAIM (klam), n. 1. Demand for something 
supposed due. 2. Right or ground for de- 
manding. 3. Thing claimed. 4. Assertion 
of a fact; contention. 5. Land located for 
mining or entered for settlement. 

CLAIMABLE (klam'a-bl), a. That can be claimed. 

CLAIMANT (klam'ant), n. One who makes a 
claim. 

CLAIRVOYANCE (klar-voi'ans), ». Power of 
discerning things not present to the senses; 
hypnotic visions; second sight. [Fr. clair, 
clear, and voir, see.] 

CLAIRVOYANT (klar-voi'ant), I. n. One having 
the power of clairvoyance, or who professes 
to have such power. II. a. 1. Having the 
power of clairvoyance. 2. Pertaining to 
clairvoyance. 




Clack Valve. 



CLAM (klam), n. 1. Common name for several 
species of bivalve shell-fish, the best known 
being the Mya arenarea, or soft clam, used for 
food. 2. Vise or clamp. [A. S., fetter.] 

CLAM (klam), vt. [pr. p. CLAM 'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLAMMED (klamd).] 1. Smear. 2. 
Clog. [A. S. clffman, anoint.] 

CLAMANT (klam'ant), a. Calling aloud or earn- 
estly. [L. clatno, cry out.] 

CLAMBAKE (klam'bak), n. Open-air barbecue 
at the seaside at which clams baked on heated 
stones form the principal dish. 

CLAMBER (klam'ber), vi. [pr.p. CLAM'BERING 
p.t. and p.p. CLAMBERED (klam'berd).] 1. 
Climb with difficulty, grasping with the hands 
and feet. 2. Grow up by clinging. [Dan. 
klatnre, grasp.] 

CLAMMILY (klam'i-li), adv. In a clammy man- 
ner. 

CLAMMINESS (klam'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
clammy. 

CLAMMY (klam'i), a. 1. Cold and moist, as a 
clammy hand. 2. Sticky; viscous; glutinous. 
[A. S. clam, clay.] 

CLAMOR (klam'ur), vi. [pr.p. CLAM'ORING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLAMORED (klam'urd).] 1. 
Cry aloud in demand. 2. Make a loud con- 
tinuous outcry; vociferate. [L., from clamo, 
cry out.] 

CLAMOR (klam'ur), n. 1. Loud continuous 
outcry. 2. Any loud and continuous noise; 
uproar. 3. Continuous and emphatic ex- 
pression of dissatisfaction or discontent. 

CLAMOROUS (klam'ur-us), a. Vociferous; noisy; 
full of clamor. 

CLAMOROUSLY (klam'ur-us-li), adv. In a 
clamorous manner. 

CLAMOROUSNESS (klam'ur-us-nes), n. State 
or quality of being clamorous. 

CLAMP (klamp), n. 1. Piece of timber, iron, etc., 
used to fasten together or strengthen any 
framework. 2. Clasping instrument, used 
by joiners for holding pieces of wood together. 
3. Device for gripping the lamp rod of an arc- 
lamp. [Dut. klamp, cleat.] 

CLAMP (klamp), vt. [pr.p. CLAMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLAMPED (klampt).] Bind with, or as 
with, a clamp or clamps. 

CLAMP (klamp), n. Heavy tread. [From the 
sound.] 

CLAMP (klamp), vi. [pr.p. CLAMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLAMPED (klampt).] Tread heavily; 
tramp. 

CLAN (klan), n. 1. Tribe or collection of fami- 
lies united under a chieftain, usually having 
the same surname, and supposed to be de- 
scended from a common ancestor. 2. Clique; 
sect, or body of persons closely united. [Gael. 
clann, offspring.] 

CLAN (klan), vi. [pr.p. CLAN'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLANNED (eland).] Bind or unite to- 
gether in one body or clan. 

CLANDESTINE (klan-des'tin), a. Concealed or 



fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CLANDESTINELY 



229 



CLASP-KNIFE 



hidden: underhand; surreptitious. [L. clan- 
destlnus; from clam, in secret.] 

CLANDESTINELY (klan-des'tin-li), adv. In a 
clandestine manner. 

CLANDESTINENESS(klan-des'tin-nes),w. Qual- 
ity of being clandestine. 

CLANG (klang), n. Sharp, clear, ringing|sound. 
[L. clango, clang.] 

CLANG (klang), v. [pr.p. CLANGING; p. t. and 
p.p. CLANGED (klangd).] I. vt. Cause to 
send forth a clang, or sharp, ringing sound, 
as by striking together two pieces of metal. 
II. vi. Emit a sharp, ringing sound. 

CLANGOR (klang'gur), n. Repeated clanging. 
[L., from clango, clang.] 

CLANGOR (klang'gur), vi. {pr.p. CLANGOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CLANGORED ( klang 'gurd).] 
Make a clangor. 

CLANGOROUS ( klang 'gur-us), a. Causing a 
clangor. 

CLANK (klangk), n. Sharp, metallic sound, less 
prolonged than a clang, such as made by a 
chain. [Imitative.] 

CLANK (klangk), v. [pr.p. CLANK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLANKED (klangkt).] I. vt. Cause to 
make a clank, or sharp ringing noise. II. vi. 
Emit a clank. 

CLANNISH (klan'ish), a. 1. Closely united, like 
the members of a clan. 2. Narrow in social 
relations; exclusive. [See CLAN.] 

CLANSHIP (klan'ship), n. Association of fami- 
lies under a chieftain. 

CLANSMAN (klanz'man), n. [pi. CLANS'MEN. ] 
Members of a clan* 

CLAP (klap), v. [pr.p. CLAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLAPPED (klapt).] I. vt. 1. Strike quickly 
and sharply together, so as to produce an ex- 
plosive noise. 2. Thrust or drive together 
suddenly. 3. Put or place suddenly or hastily. 
4. Fasten promptly. 5. Applaud by striking 
the hands together. II. vi. 1. Strike the 
hands together, as in applauding. 2. Fly 
shut with a bang. [Ice. klappa, pat.] 

CLAP (klap), n. 1. Sharp, explosive noise made 
by the sudden striking together of two things, 
as the hands. 2. Durst of sound, as a clap of 
thunder. 3. Slap. 4. Sudden act or mo- 
tion. 

CLAPBOARD (klab'bord or clap'bord), n. 1. 
Thin board used for covering the outside of 
wooden houses. 2. In England, a stave for a 
cask. 

CLAPPER (klap'er), n. One who or that which 
claps; tongue of a bell; clack valve; clacker, 
etc. 

CLAPPER-CLAW (klap'er-kla), vt. [pr.p. CLAP- 
PER-CLAWING; p.t. and p.p. CLAPPER- 
CLAWED (klap'er-klad).] Claw and scratch. 

CLAPTRAP (klap'trap), n. 1. Trick to gain ap- 
plause. 2. Originally, a device used for ap- 
plause or clapping in theaters. 

CLAQUE (klak), n. Body of claqueurs. [Fr. 
claquer, clap.] 



CLAQUEUR (kla-kur), n. One hired to applaud 
in a theater. [Fr.] 

CLARABELLA (klar-a-bel'a), n. Music. Organ- 
stop of a sweet flute-like tone. [L. clarus, 
clear, and bellus, pretty.] 

CLARENCE (klar'ens), n. Closed four-wheeled 
carriage seating four persons with single seat 
for driver. [Named after William IV of Eng- 
land when Duke of Clarence.] 

CLARENDON (klar 'en-dun), n. Print. Style of 
type having a heavy face. 
Hg^This line is printed in Clarendon. 

CLARE-OBSCURE (klar-ob-skur), n. Same as 
CHIAROSCURO. 

CLARET (klar'et), n. 1. Clear red wine. 2. 
Deep-red color. [L. clarus, clear.] 

CLARIFICATION (klar'i-fl-ka'shun), n. Act of 
clarifying. 

CLARIFIER (klar'i-fi-er), n. That which clarifies. 

CLARIFY (klar'i-fi), v. [pr.p. CLARIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLARIFIED (klar'i-fid).] I. vt. 
Make clear or pure. II. vi. Become clear. 
[L. clarus, clear, and facio, make.] 

CLARINET (klar'i-net), CLARIONET (klar'i- 
o-net), n. Wind-instrument of the reed kind, 
with a trumpet-formed mouth, and played 
by means' of finger-holes and keys. [Fr. 
clarinette.] 



Clarinet. 

CLARION (klar'i-un), n. 1. Kind of trumpet 
whose note is clear and shrill. 2. Sound of a 
trumpet, or sound resembling that of a trum- 
pet. [Fr. clairon, from clair; from L. clarus, 
clear.] 

CLARO-OBSCURO (kla-ro-ob-sko'ro), n. Same 
as CHIAROSCURO. 

CLARY (kla'ri), n. Plant of the sage family, 
bearing whorls of pale-blue flowers. [Fr. 
sclaree.] 

CLASH (klash), n. 1. Noisy collision of two 
bodies. 2. Opposition or contradiction as 
between diverging views or different interests. 
[Imitative.] 

CLASH (klash), v. [pr.p. CLASH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLASHED (clasht).] I. vt. Strike as in a 
collision. II. vi. 1. Dash noisily together. 
2. Meet in opposition. 3. Act in a contrary 
direction. 4. Disagree. 

CLASP (klasp), vt. [pr.p. CLASP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLASPED (klaspt).] 1. Fasten with a 
clasp. 2. Enclose and hold in the hand or 
arms. [From the root of A. S. clyppan, em- 
brace.] 

CLASP (klasp), n. 1. Hook for fastening. 2. 
Close embrace; hug; grasp. 

CLASPER (klasp'er), n. One who or that which 
clasps. 

CLASP-KNIFE (klasp'nif), n. Knife, the blade 
of which folds or shuts into the handle. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CLASS 



230 



CLAYSHALE 



CLASS (klas), n. 1. Rank or order of persons or 
things. 2. High rank or social standing. 3. 
Number of students who are taught together. 
4. Scientific division, specially that subor- 
dinate to a kingdom, and including orders 
under it. 5. Loosely, variety, kind or descrip- 
tion. [L. classis, division of the Roman people 
as called together; from Gr. haled, call.] 

CLASS (klas), vt. [pr.p. CLASSING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLASSED (klast).] 1. Form into a class or 
classes. 2. Arrange methodically. 3. Assign 
a certain standing or position to. 

CLASSIBLE (klas'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
classed. 

CLASSIC (klas'ik), I. a. 1. Of the highest rank 
in literature or art. 2. Of or pertaining to 
ancient Greek and Latin authors of the first 
rank. 3. Versed in the classics. II. n. 1. 
Author of the first rank. 2. Originally, Greek 
or Roman writer of the first class. 3. Book 
written by a classic, especially of Greece or 
Rome. 4. Any standard literary work. 5. One 
versed in the classics. [L. classicus, citizen of 
the first class.] 

CLASSICAL (klas'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the literature of the ancient Greeks and 
Romans; classic. 2. According to or founded 
on the classic authors. 3. Of standard and 
acknowledged authority. 

CLASSICALITY (klas-i-kal'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being classical. 

CLASSICALLY (klas'ik-al-i), adv. In a classical 
manner. 

CLASSICALNESS (klas'ik-al-nes), n. Class- 
icality. 

CLASSICISM (klas'i-sizm), n. Classical idiom. 

CLASSICIST (klas'i-sist), it. One devoted to the 
Greek and Latin classics, or favoring their 
being retained in education. 

CLASSIFIABLE (klas'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being classified. 

CLASSIFIC (klas-sif'ik), a. Denoting classes. 

CLASSIFICATION (klas-i-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of forming into classes. 2. Distribution 
into classes. 

CLASSIFICATORY (klas-sif'ik-a-to-ri), a. Of or 
relating to classification; classifying. 

CLASSIFIER (klas'i-fi-er), n. One who classi- 
fies. 

CLASSIFY (klas'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. CLASSIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLASSIFIED (klas'i-fid).] Make 
or form into classes; arrange; class. 

CLASSMATE (klas'mat), n. Member of the same 
class with one at school or college; fellow- 
student. 

CLASTIC (klas'tik), a. 1. Breaking into frag- 
ments. 2. Fragmental. [Gr. klastos; from 
kled, break.] 

CLATTER (klat'er), n. 1. Repeated rattling 
noise. 2. Repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. 
3. Noisy talk. [Imitative.] 

CLATTER (klat'er), v. [pr.p. CLATTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLATTERED (klat'erd).] I. vt. 



Eight Clavicle. 
dim. of clavis. 



Strike so as to produce a clatter or rattling. 
II. vi. Make a clatter. 

CLAUSE (klawz), n. 1. Gram. Sentence which is 
joined with other sentences to make a larger 
sentence; so much of a complex or compound 
sentence as contains a subject and predicate, 
and can be construed together. 2. Article or 
paragraph; distinct part of a contract, will, 
agreement, charter, commission, or other 
writing. [L. clausus; from claudo, close.] 

CLATJSTRAL (klas'tral), a. 1. Cloistral; se- 
cluded. 2. Pertaining to a claustrum. 

CLAUSTRUM (klas'trum), n. [pi. CLAUS'TRA.] 
Anat. Thin layer of gray matter in the sub- 
stance of the hemispheres of the brain. [L.] 

CLAVATE (kla' vat), KLAVATED (kla'va-ted), 
a. Club-shaped. [L. clava, club.] 

CLAVECIN (klav'e-sin), n. Harpsichord. [Fr.; 
from L. clavis, key.] 

CLAVIATURE (klav'i-a-tur), n. Keyboard of 
any musical instrument of the piano order. 

CLAVICHORD (klav'i-kard), n. Obsolete mu- 
sical instrument, of the same form as the 
harpischord and spinet. [L. clavis, key, and 
chorda, string.] 

CLAVICLE (klav'i-kl), n. 1. %i> 
Collar-bone of man. 2. 
Merry-thought of birds; 
wish-bone. [L. clavicula, 
key.] 

CLAVICULAR (kla-vik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to 
a clavicle. 

CLAVIER (kla'vi-er), n. 1. Keyboard of a mu- 
sical instrument. 2. Keyboard instrument, 
especially the piano. [Fr.; from L. clavis, key.] 

CLAVIS (kla'vis), n. [pi. CLAVES (kla'vez).] 
Key; hence a clue or aid for solving problems, 
interpreting a cipher, etc. [L.] 

CLAW (kla), n. 1. Hooked nail of a beast or 
bird. 2. Whole foot of an animal with hooked 
nails. 3. Pincers of a crab, lobster, etc. 4. 
Instrument shaped like a claw. 5. Act or 
effect of clawing. [A. S. clawu.] 

CLAW (kla), v. [pr.p. CLAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLAWED (klad).] I. vt. 1. Scratch or tear, 
as with the claws or nails. 2. Grasp or seize. 
3. Haul over; handle. 

CLAWED (klad), a. Having claws. 

CLAW-HAMMER (kla'ham-er), n. Hammer 
with one part of the head divided into two 
claws, with which to extract nails. 

CLAY (kla), n. 1. Tenacious ductile earth. 2. 
Earth in general; hence, the human body. 
[A. S. clceg.~\ 

CLAYEY (kla'i), a. 1. Made of clay. 2. Of the 
nature of clay. 3. Abounding with clay. 4. 
Covered with clay. 

CLAYISH (kla'ish), a. Of the nature of clay. 

CLAYMORE (kla'mor), n. Large sword formerly 
used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Gael. 
claid-heamh, sword, and mor, great.] 

CLAYSHALE (kla'shal), n. Clay alternated with 
disintegrated rock and shale. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CLAYSTONE 



231 



CLEAT 



CLAYSTONE (kla/ston), n. One of the concre- 
tionary nodules in alluvial deposits. 

CLEAN (klen), a. 1. Free from dirt, stain, or 
whatever defiles. 2. Free from any injurious 
admixture; pure; undented. 3. Free from 
anything likely to contaminate. 4. Free from 
any moral stain or pollution; pure; guiltless. 

5. Free from bungling or mismanagement. 

6. Well-proportioned; shapely. 7. Print. 
Free from corrections or alterations, as a clean 
proof. 8. Mosaic Law. Free from any cere- 
monial defilement. [A. S. clcene, pure.] 

CLEAN (klen), adv. 1. Entirely; quite. 2. 
Cleverly; adroitly; dexterously. 3. Cleanly. 

CLEAN (klen), vt. [pr.p. CLEAN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLEANED (klend).] Make clean; free 
from dirt or impurities. 

CLEAN-CUT (klen'kut), a. Well-defined; pre- 
cise; exact; clear-cut. 

CLEANER (klen'er), n. One who or that which 
cleans. 

CLEAN-HANDED (klen'hand-ed), a. Absolved 
from all blame in a matter. 

CLEANLILY (klen'li-li), adv. In a cleanly man- 
ner. 

CLEAN-LIMBED (klen'limd), a. Having well- 
proportioned limbs. 

CLEANLINESS (klen'li-nes), n. State or habit 
of being cleanly. 

CLEANLY .(klen'li), a. [comp. CLEANLIER; 
superl. CLEAN'LIEST.] 1. Clean in habits or 
person; neat; tidy. 2. Free from dirt or filth; 
clean. 3. Free from moral pollution; pure. 

CLEANLY (klen'li), adv. In a cleanly manner. 

CLEANNESS (klen'nes), n. State or quality of 
being clean; neatness; purity. 

CLEANSABLE (klenz'a-bl?, a. That may be 
cleansed. 

CLEANSE (klenz), vt. [pr.p. CLEANSING; p.t. 
and p.p. CLEANSED (klenzd).] Make clean 
or pure; clean; purify; purge. [A. S. clwsian; 
from clcene, pure.] 

CLEANSER (klenz'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which cleanses. 2. Med. Purging medicine; 
purgative. 

CLEAR (kler), a. [comp. CLEAR'ER; superl. 
CLEAR'EST.] 1. Free from opaqueness or 
cloudiness; transparent; translucid; pellucid. 
2. Bright; serene; unclouded. 3. Luminous; 
radiant; shining. 4. Plain; distinct; easily 
discernible; easily and distinctly audible. 5. 
Manifest; apparent; evident. 6. Free from 
hindrance or obstruction; unimpeded. 7. 
Free from blemish, defect, drawback, or dimi- 
nution. 8. Free from blame, guilt, or punish- 
ment. 9. Free from debt. 10. Free from un- 
certainty or indistinctness. [Fr. clair; from 
L. clarus, clear.] 

SYN. Pure; bright; transparent; free; 
disencumbered; absolved; acquitted; plain; 
obvious; lucid. ANT. Thick; muddy; foul; 
encumbered; condemned; convicted; turbid; 
dubious; unintelligible. 



CLEAR (kler), adv. 1. Completely; wholly; 
quite. 2. Clearly; plainly. 

CLEAR (kler), n. Arch, and Carp. Distance be- 
tween any two bodies where no object inter- 
venes, or between their nearest surfaces. 

CLEAR (kler), v. [pr.p. CLEARING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLEARED (klerd).] I. vt. 1. Make clear, 
transparent, translucid, pellucid, or limpid; 
clarify. 2. Make bright and fair; brighten. 
3. Remove, or take away from, that which 
encumbers, obstructs, or impedes. 4. Make 
plain or clear; elucidate. 5. Liberate or dis- 
engage. 6. Exonerate; acquit. 7. Pass or 
leap over without touching. II. vi. 1. Be- 
come fair, bright, fine, serene. 2. Become 
clarified or pellucid. 3. Become free from 
impurities, encumbrances, hindrances, ob- 
structions, impediments, distress, entangle- 
ments or embarrassments. 

SYN. Cleanse; elucidate; disencumber; 
extricate; vindicate. ANT. Befoul; con- 
taminate; pollute; encumber; implicate. 

CLEARANCE (kler'ans), n. 1. Act of clearing 
away or removing anything. 2. Act of clear- 
ing a ship. 3. Certificate that a ship has been 
cleared, and has permission to sail. 4. Clear 
or net profit. 5. Elec. Gap space between the 
surface of a rotating armature and the opposed 
polar surface of the field magnets of a dynamo 
or motor. 

CLEARER (kler'er), w. One who or that which 
clears or brightens. 

CLEAR-EYED (kler'Id), a. Discerning; pos- 
sessed of a penetrating intelligence. 

CLEAR-HEADED (kler'hed-ed), a. Intelligent; 
sagacious; acute. 

CLEARING (kler'ing), n. 1. Act of making 
clear. 2. Tract of land cleared of woods, etc. 
3. Method by which bankers exchange checks 
and drafts, and arrange the differences, as at 
a clearing-house. 4. [pi.] Gross amount of 
checks and drafts cleared. 5. Telephony. 
Operation of disconnecting subscribers who 
have been in connection, and restoring the 
lines to their normal conditions. 

CLEARING-HOUSE (kler'ing-hows), n. Place 
where each bank member of an association 
of banks sends all exchanges against every 
other member, pays all resultant debt balances, 
and receives all credit balances. 

CLEARLY (kler'li), adv. In a clear manner. 

CLEARNESS (kler'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being clear. 

CLEARSTARCH (kler'starch), vt. [pr.p. CLE AR'- 
STARCHING; p.t. and p.p. CLEAR'- 
ST ARCHED (kler'starcht).] Stiffen with clear 
starch, as linen. 

CLEARSTORY, CLERESTORY (kler'sto-ri), n. 
Arch. Upper vertical divisions of the nave, 
choir, and transepts of a church. 

CLEAT (klet), n. 1. Piece of wood nailed across 
anything to keep it in its place or give it an 
additional strength. 2. Naut. Piece of wood 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CLEAT 



233 



CLIENTELE 



or Iron fastened on parts of a ship, and having 
recesses or holes for fastening ropes. 3. Thin 
metallic plate. [Etym. doubtful.] 

CLEAT (klet), vt. [pr.p. CLEAT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLEAT'ED.] Fasten or strengthen with 
a cleat. 

CLEAVABLE (klev'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
cleft. 

CLEAVAGE (klev'aj), w. 1. Act of cleaving or 
state of being cleft. 2. Condition of rocks in 
which they split easily into thin plates. 

CLEAVE (klev), v. [pr.p. CLEAVING; p.t. 
CLEFT (kleft) or CLOVE (klov); p.p. CLOVEN 
(klo'vn), CLEFT (kleft), or CLEAVED (klevd).] 

1. vt. 1. Split asunder with violence; divide 
forcibly. 2. Part or divide naturally; open. 
3. Force one's way through. II. vi. Part; 
sunder; crack open; split. [A. S. cleofan.] 

CLEAVE (klev), vt. [pr.p. CLEAVING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLEAVED (klevd).] 1. Stick or adhere. 

2. Be attached closely in love or friendship. 
[A. S. clifian.] 

CLEAVER (klev'er), n. 1. One who cleaves. 

2. That which cleaves, specifically a butcher's 

chopper. 
CLEDONISM (kle'do-nizm), n. Abstinence from 

use of improper expressions. [Gr. kledon, 

omen.] 
CLEF (kief), n. Music. Character placed at the 

beginning of a staff to determine the pitch, 

either treble or bass. [Fr., from L. clavis, 

key.] 
CLEFT (kleft). v. Past tense and past participle 

Of CLEAVE. 
CLEFT (kleft), n. 1. Opening made by cleaving 

or splitting. 2. Crack; fissure; chink; crevice; 

rift. 

Clematis (kiem'a-tis), n. Bot. 

1. Genus of creeping plants of 

the crowfoot family. 2. [c-] 

Plant of this genus, or its 

flower. [Gr. klematis; from 

klema, twig.] 
CLEMENCY (klem'en-si), n. 1. 

3Iildness of temper and dis- 
position; lenity; mercy. 2. 

Mildness, as of climate. [L. dementia; from 

clcmens, mild.] 
CLEMENT (klem'ent), a. Mild; gentle; forgiv- 
ing; compassionate. 
CLENCH (klench), vt. [pr.p. CLENCH'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. CLENCHED (klencht).] 1. Close or 

set firmly, as the fist or teeth. 2. Clinch. 
CLENCH (klench), n. Act of clenching. 
CLEPTOMANIA, CLEPTOJIANIAC. Same as 

KLEPTOMANIA, KLEPTOMANIAC. 
CLERGY (kler'ji), n. Entire body of the Christian 

ministry, as opposed to the laity. [Fr. elerge; 

from L.L. clericus, priest; Gr. klerikos, from 

kleros, lot, then clergy.] 
CLERGYMAN (kler'ji-man), n. [pi. CLER'GY- 

MEN.] One of the clergy; regularly ordained 

minister. 




Flower of Clem- 
atis (Clematis 
Virginiana). 



CLERIC (kler'ik), I. a. Clerical. II. n. Clergy- 
man. 

CLERICAL (kler'ik-al), a. 1. Of or belonging 
to the clergy. 2. Of or pertaining to a clerk or 
copyist, as a clerical error. 

CLERICALISM (kler'ik-al-izm), n. Clerical 
domination. 

CLERISY (kler'i-si), n. Class of learned men 
or scholars; literati. 

CLERK (klerk), n. 1. Secretary or record 
keeper, as the clerk of the Senate, clerk of a 
court, etc. 2. One employed as a writer, 
assistant, copyist, account-keeper, or cor- 
respondent in an office. 3. Salesman or sales- 
woman in a shop or store. 4. One who reads 
the responses in the English Church service. 
5. In England, a clergyman or priest. 6. 
formerly, scholar or man of letters. [A. S. 
clerc, priest; from L.L. clericus. See CLERGY.] 

CLERK (klerk), vi. [pr.p. CLERKING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLERKED (klerkt).] Act as clerk, as to 
clerk in a store or shop. 

CLERKLY (klerk'li), a. 1. Clerical. 2. Edu- 
cated; scholarly. 

CLEVELAND (klev'land), n. Chief city of 
Ohio, on S. shore of Lake Erie. 

CLEVER (klev'er), a. [comp. CLEV'ERER; superl. 
CLEVEREST.] 1. Dexterous; expert; skillful. 
2. Showing skill and ingenuity. 3. Well- 
disposed; obliging; good-natured. (Colloq.) 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

CLEVERLY (klev'er-li), adv. In a clever manner. 

CLEVERNESS (klev'er-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing clever. 

CLEVIS (klev'is), n. Shackle and bolt V-shaped, 
with pin attached to tongue of plow, harrow, 
etc. 

CLEW, CLUE (klo), n. 1. Ball of thread. 2. 
Thread that guides through a labyrinth. 3. 
Anything that solves a mystery. 4. Corner 
of a sail. 5. One of the small cords by which 
a hammock is suspended. [A. S. cliwen.] 

CLEW (klo), vt. [pr.p. CLEWING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLEWED (klod).] 1. Coil up in a clew or ball. 
2. Naut. Truss or tie up, as sails to the yards. 

CLICK (klik), n. 1. Sharp clack, or snapping 
sound. 2. Anything that makes such a sound, 
as a detent or pawl, latch, etc. [Imitative.] 

CLICK (klik), v. [pr.p. CLICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLICKED (klikt).] I. vt. Cause to make a 
click, or sharp, snapping sound. II. vi. Make 
a sharp, snapping sound. 

CLICK-CLACK (klik'klak), n. Continuous click- 
ing noise. 

CLIENT (kli'ent), n. 1. One who employs or 
retains a lawyer. 2. Among the Romans, 
person under the patronage of another called 
a patron. [L. cliens, for cluens, one who hears 
or listens (to advice) ; from cluo, hear.] 

CLIENTAGE (kll'ent-aj), n. 1. Whole number 
of one's clients. 2. Client's relation to the 
patron. 

CLIENTELE (kli-en-teT), n. 1. Clientage. 2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CLIFF 



233 



CLIP 



Whole number of persons patronizing a 
merchant, shopkeeper, etc.; following. [Fr.] 

CLIFF (klif), n. 1. High precipitous rock. 2. 
Perpendicular or very steep side of a moun- 
tain. [A. S. clif.] 

CLIFFY (klif'i), a. 1. Having cliffs. 2. Like a 
cliff; precipitous. 

CLIMACTERIC (kli-mak'ter-ik), I. n. Critical 
period in human life. — Grand climacteric, sixty- 
third year. II. a. Climacterical. [Gr. klimakter; 
from klimax, ladder.] 

CLIMACTERICAL (kli-mak-ter'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to a climacteric, or to a critical time 
or period; critical. 

CLIMATE (kli'mat), n. 1. Condition of a locality 
with regard to temperature, moisture, etc. 2. 
Originally, zone of the earth's surface. [Gr. 
Mima, klimatos, slope; from Mind, bend.] 

CLIMATIC (kli-mat'ik), CLIMATICAL (kli- 
mat'ik-al), a. Relating to climate. 

CLIMATIZE (kli'ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. CLI'M ATI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. CLIMATIZED (kli'ma- 
tizd).] Inure to a climate. 

CLIMATOGRAPHY (kli-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. De- 
scription of climates. [CLIMATE and -GRA- 
PHY.] 

CLIMATOLOGY (kli-ma-tol'o-ji), n. Science of 
climates, or an investigation of the causes of 
climatic phenomena. [CLIMATE and -OLOGY.] 

CLIMAX (kli'maks), n. 1. Culmination; acme; 
zenith. 2. Rhei. Arrangement of terms so 
as to rise in force and dignity to the last. [Gr. 
klimax, ladder; from Mind, bend, incline, or 
slope.] 

CLIMB (klim), v. [pr.p. CLIMBING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLIMBED (klimd).] I. vt. 1. Ascend 
by means of the hands and feet; clamber 
up. 2. Bot. Ascend by means of tendrils, or 
by twining, etc. II. vi, 1. Ascend or rise 
to a higher point, especially by use of the 
hands and feet; mount. 2. Aviation, Rise 
by means of the elevator or control. [A. S. 
climban.] 

CLIMB (klim), n. 1. Act of climbing. 2. Place 
climbed. 

CLIMBER (klim'er), n. One who or that which 
climbs. 

CLIME (klim), n. Climate; region; country. 
(Chiefly poetical.) [L. clima, climate.] 

CLINANTHIUM (kli-nan'thi-um), n. [pi. CLI- 
NAN'THIA.] Bot. Receptacle in a composite 
plant. [Gr. Mine, bed, and anthos, flower.] 

CLINCH (klinch), v. [pr.p. CLINCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. CLINCHED (klincht).] I. vt. 1. 
Make fast or secure, as a nail, rivet, etc., by 
bending the point that has been driven through 
anything; rivet. 2. Grasp tightly. 3. Set 
firmly together, as the teeth or fingers; clench. 
4. Settle or confirm; make conclusive, as an 
argument or a bargain. II. vi. Grapple; take 
close hold of another or of one another in a 
struggle. [Causal form of CLINK; Dut. and 
Ger. klinken, rivet a bolt.] 



CLINCH (klinch), n. 1. Act or process of clinch- 
ing. 2. That whioh clinches; grip; holdfast. 

3. Grapple. 

CLINCHER (klinch'er), n. 1. One who clinches 
or rivets. 2. Clinch; cramp; holdfast. 3. Tool 
for clinching nails. 4. Decisive reply or ar- 
gument. 

CLING (kling), vi. [pr.p. CLINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLUNG.] 1. Adhere or stick close by 
grasping, winding round, etc. 2. Adhere in 
interest or affection. 3. Be reluctant to let go 
or give up. [A. S. clingan, shrivel up.] 

CLING (kling), n. Clingstone peach. 

CLINGSTONE (kling'ston), I. a. Having the 
pulp adhering firmly to the stone, as some 
peaches; opposed to FREESTONE. II. n. 
Clingstone peach. Called also cling. 

CLINIC (klin'ik), n. Instruction in medicine or 
surgery practically at the bedside of the pa- 
tient; clinical lectures. [Gr. klinkos; from 
Mine", bed; klino, recline.] 

CLINICAL (klin'ik-al), a. Pertaining to a clinic, 
or lecture given at the bedside or in the pres- 
ence of patients. 

CLINIQUE (kli-nek'), n. Med. and Surg. Pre- 
lection at the bedside; clinic. [Fr.] 

CLINK (klingk), v. [pr.p. CLINKING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLINKED (klingkt).] I. vt. Cause to 
make a slight, short, sharp, ringing sound, as 
by lightly striking two glasses or coins togeth- 
er. II. vi. Give out such a sound. [Imitative.] 

CLINK (klingk), n. Slight, short, sharp, ringing 
sound, as of glasses or coins lightly struck 
together. 

CLINKER (klingk'er), n. 1. Scale of oxide 
formed in forging iron. 2. Vitreous cinder or 
slag formed in furnaces. 3. Vitrified brick or 
mass of bricks. 4. Scoria. 5. Kind of hard- 
baked brick or tile. [Dut. klinker; from 
klinken, clink.] 

CLINKER-BUILT (klingk'er-bilt), a. Naut. Built 
with planks or metal plates which overlap 
each other below, like slates on the roof of 
a house. 

CLIO (kli'6), n. 1. Greek Myth. Muse of history 
and epic poetry. 2. Zool. Genus of shell-less 
mollusks, swarming in northern and southern 
seas, one species of which constitutes a princi- 
pal part of the food of whales. [Gr. kleos, 
glory.] 

CLIP (klip), v. [pr.p. CLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLIPPED (klipt).] I. vt. 1. Cut off or trim with 
shears, scissors, or clippers. 2. Cut short; 
curtail, as to clip words. 3. Debase, as coin, 
by cutting off the edges. II. vi. Move swiftly. 
[Ice. klippa, cut.] 

CLIP (klip), n. 1. Act of clipping. 2. That 
which is clipped off; shearing. 3. Swift stroke. 

4. [pi.] Shears. 

CLIP (klip), vt. [pr.p. CLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLIPPED (klipt).] Clasp in an embrace; hold 
tightly or firmly; clutch; grip. [A. S. clyppan, 
clasp.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CLIP 



234 



CLOSE 




Clip. 



) 



CLIP (klip), n. That which clasps, grips, or holds 
fast, especially a clasp for hold- 
ing together letters, papers, etc. 

CLIPPER (klip'er), n. 1. One who 
or that which clips. 2. Fast- 
sailing vessel. 

CLIPPERS (klip'erz), n.pl. Bar- 
ber's implement for clipping the 
hair very short. 

CLIPPING (klip'ing), n. 1. Act of cutting off or 
trimming as with shears or clippers. 2. Part 
or piece clipped off or out, as a newspaper 
clipping. 

CLIQUE (klek), n. Number of persons in union 
for a purpose, usually sinister; faction; coterie; 
set; gang. [Fr.] 

CLIQUISH (klek'ish), a. Pertaining to or char- 
acteristic of a clique. 

ClOACINA (klo-a-si'na), n. Greek Myth. God- 
dess of the sewers. 

CLOAK (klok), n. 1. Loose outer garment. 2. 
Disguise, blind, or cover. 3. Anything used 
to conceal one's thoughts or plans; pretext. 
[L. L. cloca, bell, hence bell-shaped cape.] 

CLOAK (klok), vt. [pr.p. CLOAKING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLOAKED (klokt).] Clothe with a cloak; 
cover; disguise; conceal. 

CLOAKING (klok'ing), n. Material for cloaks. 

CLOAK-R003I (klok'rom), n. Room set apart 
for the temporary keeping of cloaks, hats, etc., 
as at theaters, railway stations, or other places 
of public resort. 

CLOCK (klok), n. Timepiece differing from a 
watch in not being adapted to be carried on the 
person, the time being indicated by the position 
of its hands upon the dial-plate, or by the 
striking of a hammer on a bell. [L.L. cloca, 
bell.] 

CLOCK (klok), n. Ornament embroidered on 
the side, or about the ankle, of a stocking. 
[Probably L. L. cloca, bell, from it being orig- 
inally bell-shaped.] 

CLOCK-BIRD (klok'berd),n. 
Great brown kingfisher of 
Australia, so called from 
the regularity of its laugh- 
like cry at daybreak and 
nightfall; also called set- 
tler's clock and laughing 
jackass. 

CLOCKED (klokt), a. Orna- 
mented with clocks, as a 
stocking. 

CLOCKWORK (klok'wurk), 
». 1. Machinery of a 
clock. 2. Any mechan- 
ism that is steady and regular like a clock. 

CLOD (klod), n. 1. Lump of earth or turf. 2. 
Ground or turf. 3. Body of man, as formed 
of earth. 4. Stupid fellow; dolt. 5. Part of 
neck-piece of beef nearest the shoulder. [Dan. 
klode, ball.] 

CLOD 'klod;, v. [pr.p. CLOD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 




Clock-bird (Ddcelo 
gigas) . 



CLOD'DED.] I. vt. Pelt with clods. II. vi. 
Form into clods or lumps. 

CLODDINESS (klod'i-nes), n. State of being 
cloddy. 

CLODDY (klod'i), o. 1. Full of clods or lumps. 
2. Earthly; gross. 

CLODHOPPER (klod'hop-er), n. 1. Awkward 
rustic; clown; dolt; lout. 2. Coarse, heavy 
boot. 

CLOG (klog), n. 1. Obstruction or impediment. 
2. Shoe with a wooden sole. [A. S. clceg, 
clay.] 

CLOG (klog), v. [pr.p. CLOG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLOGGED (klogd).] I. vt. 1. Encumber or 
hamper; hinder or obstruct the motion of; im- 
pede. 2. Choke up so as to hinder free pas- 
sage. II. vi. 1. Be hindered or retarded. 2. 
Be choked up. 3. Become clotted or lumpy. 

CLOG-DANCE (klog'dans), n. Dance performed 
with clogs, the clatter keeping time to the 
music. 

CLOGGINESS (klog'i-nes), n. State or quality 
of being cloggy or clogged. 

CLOGGY (klog'i), a. Tending to clog; lumpy; 
sticky. 

CLOISONNE (klwa-zo-na'), n. Enamel-work 
produced in China and Japan, in which the 
colored parts are separated by metallic parti- 
tions. [Fr., from cloison, partition.] 

CLOISTER (kloister), n. 1. Covered arcade 
forming part of a monastic or collegiate es- 
tablishment. 2. Place of religious retirement; 
monastery or nunnery. [O. Fr. cloistre; from 
L. claustrum, enclosed place.] 

CLOISTER (kloister), vt. [pr.p. CLOISTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLOISTERED (klois'terd).] 1. 
Confine in, or as in, a cloister. 2. Shut up in 
seclusion from the world. 

CLOISTERER (klois'ter-er), n. One living in a 
cloister; recluse. 

CLOISTRAL (klois'tral), a. Pertaining to or liv- 
ing in a cloister. 

CLOMB (klom), v. Old past tense of CLIMB. 

CLONIC (klon'ik), a. Pathol. Alternately con- 
tracting and relaxing; convulsive. [Gr. klonos, 
agitation.] 

CLOSE (kids), a. [comp. CLOSER; superl. CLO'- 
SEST.] 1. Shut fast, so as to have no opening. 
2. Compact. 3. Well-guarded. 4. Without 
ventilation; stifling. 5. Narrow; confined; 
shut in. 6. Near in place or time. 7. Very 
nearly equal. 8. Having the quality of se- 
crecy; reserved. 9. Intent; attentive. 10. 
Strictly adhering to the original. 11. Concise. 
12. Intimate. 13. Neighboring. 14. Re- 
stricted to a few. 15. Concealed; hidden. 16. 
Restricted by law, as cZose-season for fishing, 
hunting, etc. 17. Penurious; stingy. 18. 
Tight; hard to get, said of money. 19. Phonet. 
Pronounced with a diminished opening of the 
lips, as a close vowel. [Fr. clos, shut; from L. 
clausus, p.p. of claudo, close.] 

CLOSE (klos), n. 1. Enclosed place. 2. Small 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CLOSE 



335 



CLOUD 



enclosed field. 3. Narrow passage of a street. 
4. Precinct of a cathedral. 

CLOSE (kids), adv. 1. Closely. 2. Nearly. 3. 
Densely. 4. Secretly. 5. Pressingly. 6. 
Tightly; securely. 

CLOSE (kloz), n. 1. Termination; end; conclu- 
sion; finale. 2. Meeting. 3. Clinching. 

CLOSE (kloz), v. [pr.p. CLO'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLOSED (klozd).] I. vt. 1. Shut. 2. Draw to- 
gether and unite the parts of. 3. Stop up, as an 
opening. 4. Terminate; conclude. 5. Elec. 
Make continuous or complete, as to close a 
circuit. II. vi. 1. Come together; coalesce. 

2. Come to a conclusion. 3. Come to terms. 

4. Grapple; clinch. 

CLOSE-FISTED (klos'fist-ed), a. Penurious; 

stingy. 
CLOSE-GRAINED (klos grand), a. With the 

fibers, etc., close together; compact. 
CLOSE-HAULED (klos'hald), a. Naut. With 

the sails set for sailing as near as possible to the 

wind. 
CLOSELY (klos'li), adv. In a close manner. 
CLOSENESS (klos'nes), n. State, quality, or 

condition of being close or closed. 
CLOSER (klo'zer), n. One who or that which 

closes. 
CLOSE-SEASON (klos'se-zn), n. Season of the 

year when it is against the law to kill or catch 

certain kinds of game or fish. 
CLOSET (kloz'et), n. 1. Small private room. 2. 

Side-room or recess for storage. 3. Water- 
closet. [O. Fr. closet, dim. of clos, shut.] 
CLOSET (kloz'et), vt. [pr.p. CLOS'ETING; p.t. 

and p.p. CLOS'ETED.] 1. Shut up or conceal 

in a closet. 2. Admit or receive into a private 

room for consultation. 
CLOSE-TONGUED (klos'tungd), a. Cautious 

in speaking; reticent. 
CLOSURE (kld'zhor), n. 1. Act of closing or 

shutting. 2. That which closes or incloses. 

3. Completion. 4. Conclusion; end; close. 

5. Terminating a debate in a legislative body, 
as in the English House of Commons by the 
vote of the House. [O. Fr.; from L. clausura, 
a shutting.] 

CLOT (klot), n. Mass of soft or fluid matter 
concreted, as blood. [A. S. clott, clod of earth.] 

CLOT (klot), v. [pr.p. CLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
CLOT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make into clots; cause 
to coagulate. 2. Cover with clots. II. vi. 
Form into clots; coagulate. 

CLOTH (klath), n. [pi. CLOTHS.] 1. Woven 
fabric for garments, coverings, etc. 2. Piece 
of such fabric. 3. Clerical profession; clergy. 
[A. S. cldth, cloth.] 

CLOTHE (kloffc), vt. [pr.p. CLO'THING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLAD or CLOTHED (klotfm).] 1. Cover 
with a garment. 2. Provide with clothes. 
3. Invest as with a garment; cover. [A. S. 
cldthiun; from cldth, cloth.] 

CLOTHES (kloffcz), n.pl. 1. Garments or 
articles of dress. 2, Coverings for a bed; 



bedclothes. [A. S. cldthes, pi. of cldth, 
cloth.] 

SYN. Dress; apparel; attire; array; ves- 
ture; garb; raiment; vestments; habit; cos- 
tume. ANT. Nudity; bareness; nakedness; 
exposure; undress; dishabille. 

CLOTHES-HORSE (klotfcz'hars), n. Frame for 
hanging clothes on to dry. 

CLOTHES-LINE (kloffez' lin), n. Rope or wire 
for hanging clothes on to dry. 

CLOTHES-PIN (kloffcz'pin), n. Forked piece of 
wood to secure clothes on a clothes-line. 

CLOTHES-PRESS (klofftz'pres), «. Chest for 
holding clothes; wardrobe. 

CLOTHES-WRINGER (klotftz'ring-or), n. De- 
vice with rubber rollers for squeezing or 
wringing the water from clothes as they are 
taken from the washtub. 

CLOTHIER (kloth'yer), n. One who makes or 
sells cloth or clothing. 

CLOTHING (klotft'ing), n. 1. Clothes; garments; 
apparel. 2. Covering of non-conducting ma- 
terial, as on a boiler, steam-pipe, etc. 

CLOTHO (klo'tho), n. Greek Myth, Youngest 
of the Fates, supposed to preside over birth; 
she spins the thread of life. 

CLOTTINESS (klot'i-nes), n. State or quality of 
being clotty. 

CLOTTY (klot'i), o. Full of clots; clotted. 

CLOTURE (klottir or klo-ttir'), n. Act or power 
of closing discussion in a deliberative body; 
closure. [Fr.] 

CLOUD (klowd), n. 1. Mass of visible vapor, 
floating in the atmosphere at some altitude. 
2. Volume of dust or smoke resembling a 
cloud. 3. Anything that obscures like a cloud. 
4. Great number or multitude. 5. Anything 
gloomy, overhanging, or bodeful. 6. Dark 
spot on a lighter material. 7. Kind of light 
woolen wrap for the head and shoulders. 8. 
Law. Defect; something that renders a thing 
imperfect, as a cloud on the title to land. For 
descriptions of the various forms of atmos- 
pheric clouds see CIRRO-CUMULUS, CIRRO- 
STRATUS, CIRRUS, CUMULUS, NIMBUS, 
STRATUS. [A. S. cliid, round mass; cloud.] 




Cloud Formations. 

1. Stratus. 2. Cirrus. 3. Nimbus. 4. Cumulus. 

CLOUD (klowd), v. [pr.p, CLOUD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CLOUD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Overspread with 
clouds. 2. Darken; dim; obscure. 3. Stain 
with dark spots or streaks. 4. Defame. II. vi. 
Become clouded or darkened. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/», in Scotch loch. 



CLOUDBERRY 



CLUMSY 



CLOUDBERRY (klowd'ber-i), n. Species of 
raspberry, the Bubus cJiamccmorus. 

CLOUDBURST (klowd'burst), n. Sudden flood 
of rain over a small area. 

CLOUDED (klowd'ed), a. 1. Hidden by clouds. 
2. Dimmed; darkened; indistinct. 3. Varie- 
gated with spots. 

CLOUDILY (klowd'i-li), adv. In a cloudy 
manner. 

CLOUDLESS (klowd'les), a. Unclouded; clear. 

CLOUDLET (klowd'let), n. Little cloud. 

CLOUDSCAPE (klowd'skap), n. Picturesque 
view of the clouds. 

CLOUDY (klowd'i), a. 1. Darkened with, or 
consisting of, clouds. 2. Obscure; vague. 3. 
Gloomy. 4. Stained with dark spots. 5. Dull; 
wanting luster or transparency. 

CLOUGH (kluf), n. Ravine; valley. [Ice. cloft, 
ravine.] 

CLOUT (klowt), n. 1. Small piece of cloth or 
leather; patch. 2. Swaddling cloth. 3. Iron 
plate on an axle-tree, to keep it from wearing. 
4. Rude blow with the hand; cuff. [A. S. 
clut ; from Wei. clwt, patch.] 

CLOUT (klowt), vt. [pr.p. CLOUT'ING; p.U and 
p.p. CLOUT'ED.] 1. Mend with a patch. 2. 
Protect with an iron plate. 

CLOUT (klowt), vt. [pr.p. CLOUT'ING; p.U and 
p.p. CLOUT'ED.] Beat or cuff. (Colloq.) 

CLOUT (klowt), CLOUT-NAIL (klowt'nal), n. 
Large-headed nail used for the soles of boots 
or shoes. 

CLOVE (klov), v. Past tense of CLEAVE. 

CLOVE (klov), n. Unexpanded flower-bud of 
the clove-tree, a native of the Moluccas, used 
as a spice. [L. clavus, nail.] 

CLOVEN (klo'vn), o. Split; parted; divided. 
[Past participle of CLEAVE, divide.] 

CLOVER (klo'ver), n. BoU Any plant of the 
genus Trifolium; trefoil. [A. S. cldfre.] 

CLOVER-DODDER 
(klo'ver-dod-er), 
n. Kind of dod- 
der that infests 
clover. 

CLOWN (klown), n. 
1. One with coarse 
or vulgar man- 
ners. 2. Profes- 
sional jester; buf- 
foon. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

CLOWNISH 
(klown'ish), a. Of 
or like a clown. 

CLOY (kloi), vt. [pr.p. CLOYING; p.U and p.p. 
CLOYED (klold).] 1. Fill to loathing; sati- 
ate. 2. Spike, as a cannon. [Fr. clouer, nail.] 

CLUB (klub), n. 1. Heavy tapering stick, 
knobby or massy at one end, used to strike 
with; cudgel. 2. Bat used in the game of 
baseball. 3. Stout stick of various forms, 
used in games and athletic exercises. 4. Figure 




Clover-dodder. 



like a trefoil leaf on one of the four suits of 
cards, the suit being known as clubs; card 
bearing such figure or figures. 5. Anything 
used as a menace. [Ice. klubba, club.] 

CLUB (klub), vt. [pr.p. CLUB'BING; p.U and p.p. 
CLUBBED (klubd).] 1. Beat with a club; 
cudgel. 2. Use in the manner of a club. 

CLUB (klub), n. 1. Association or number of 
persons combined for the promotion of some 
common object, whether political, social, or 
otherwise. 2. Place of meeting of a club; 
club-house. 3. Joint charge or effort. [Ice. 
and Sw. hlubba; from same root ate CLUMP.] 

CLUB (klub), v. [pr.p. CLUB'BING; p.U and p.p. 
CLUBBED (klubd).] I. vt. Contribute, as 
means for a common purpose. II. vi. 1. 
Form a club. 2. Pay an equal proportion of 
a common reckoning or charge. 

CLUBBED (klubd), a. 1. Like a club. 2. Used 
like a club. 

CLUB-FOOT (klub'fot), n. 1. Short, deformed 
foot. 2. Person having such deformity. 

CLUB-FOOTED (klub'fot-ed), a. Having a 
club-foot. 

CLUBHAUL (klub'hal), vt. [pr.p. CLUB HAUL- 
ING; p.U and p.p. CLUBHAULED (klub'hald).] 
Naut. Tack by dropping the lee anchor and 
slipping the cable. 

CLUBMAN (klub'man), n. [pi. CLUBMEN.] 
Member of a club. 

CLUBS (klubz), n.pl. One of the four suits of a 
pack of playing-cards, having a trefoil design 
printed in black. 

CLUCK (kluk), n. 1. Call of i hen to her chicks. 
2. Any similar soi : id. [Imitative.] 

CLUCK (kluk), v. [pr.p. CLUCK'ING; p.U and 
p.p. CLUCKED (klukt).] I. vt. Call with a 
cluck. II. vi. Mr,ke a sound like that of a hen 
when calling Tier chickens. 

CLUE (klo), n. Anything that serves to solve a 
mystery or lead to a discovery; guide; sug- 
gestion; inkling; hint; pointer. [A. S. cli- 
wen; see CLEW.] 

CLUMBER (klum'ber), n. Small stocky spaniel 
having a large broad head. [Clumber, in 
England, where first bred.] 

CLUMP (klump), n. 1. Thick, short, unshaped 
piece of anything. 2. Cluster of trees or 
shrubs. 3. Thick outer sole of a boot or 
shoe. [Dan. klump, lump.] 

CLUMP (klump), v. [pr.p. CLUMPING; p.U and 
p.p. CLUMPED (klumpt).] I. vt. 1. Place or 
plant in a clump. 2. Put a thick outer sole 
on. II. vi. Walk heavily. 

CLUMSILY (klum'zi-li), adv. In a clumsy man- 
ner. 

CLUMSINESS (klum'zi-nes), n. Quality of being 
clumsy. 

CLUMSY (klum'zi), a. [comp. CLUM'SIER; 
superl. CLUM'SIEST.] 1. Without dexterity 
or grace; awkward. 2. Constructed without 
art or finish; ill-made; rough; rude ; ungainly ; 
unwieldy. [Cognate with CLUMP.] 



rate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



CLUNG 



237 



COAL-GAS 



CLUNG (klung), v. Past tense and past participle 
of CLING. 

CLUSTER (klus'ter), n. 1. Number of things 
of the same kind growing in a bunch. 2. 
Group; collection; aggregation. [A. S. cly- 
ster.] 

CLUSTER (klus'ter), v. [pr.p. CLUS'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLUSTERED (klus'terd).] I. vt. 
1. Collect into clusters. 2. Cover with clus- 
ters. II. vi. Grow or gather into clusters. 

CLUTCH (kluch), v. [pr.p. CLUTCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. CLUTCHED (klucht).] I. vt. Grasp 
and hold tightly. II. vi. Close the fingers in- 
to the hand as if grasping at something. [A. 
S. gelceccan, catch.] 

CLUTCH (kluch), n. 1. Act of clutching; grasp; 
grip; seizure. 2. That which clutches; us- 
ually in the plural, talons, claws, etc. 3. 
Mach. Projecting tooth, or other device, for 
connecting shafts with each other, or with 
wheels, so that they may be disengaged at 
pleasure. 

CLUTCH-RAR (kluch'bar), n. Long steel bar 
with V-shaped clutch at end for extracting 
spikes. 

CLUTTER (klut'er), v. [pr.p. CLUTTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CLUTTERED (klut'erd).] I. vt. 
Heap together in confusion; litter. II. vi. 
Make a confused noise or bustle; clatter. 
[Variant of CLATTER.] 

CLUTTER (klut'er), n. 1. Confused heap. 2. 
Rustling noise; clatter. 

CLYSTER (klis'ter), n. Med. Enema. [Fr.; 
from Gr. klyster; from klyzo, wash out.] 

CLYTEMNESTRA (klit-em-nes'tra), n. Greek 
Myth. Wife and murderess of Agamemnon; 
afterward married /Jgysthus, and both were 
murdered by Orestes. 

CO-, prefix. Together; with. Variants: COL-, 
COM-, CON-, COR-. [L. com-; from cum, with.] 

CO. (ko). Abbreviation of word "company" fol- 
lowing the designation of a partnership or 
corporation. 

COACH (koch), n. 1. Large, close, four-wheeled 
carriage. 2. Railway passenger-car. 3. Pri- 
vate tutor; pi'ofessional trainer in athletics, 
pugilism, etc. [Fr. coche; from Hung, kocsi; 
from Kocs, a village in Hungary.] 

COACH (koch), v. [pr.p. COACH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. COACHED (kocht).] I. vt. 1. Carry in a 
coach. 2. Tutor; instruct; train or prepare, 
as a student for examination or a pugilist for 
a prize-fight. II. vi. 1. Ride or drive in a 
coach. 2. Act as, or study with, a coach. 

COACH-DOG (koch'dog), n. Dalmatian dog, a 
spotted dog kept chiefly as an attendant on 
coaches. 

COACHER (koch'er), «. Instructor in sports, 
as baseball, football, pugilism, etc. 

COACHMAN (koch'man), n. [pi. COACH'MEN.] 
Driver of a coach. 

COACT (ko-akt), vi. [pr.p. COACT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. COACT'ED.] Act together. [CO- and ACT.] 



COACTION (ko-ak'shun), n. Action in concert. 

COACTIVE (ko-akt'iv), a. Acting together. 

COACTIVELY (ko-akt'iv-li), adv. In a co- 
active manner. 

COACTIVITY (ko-ak-tiv'i-ti), n. Unity of action. 

COADJUTANT (ko-ad'jo-tant), a. Mutually 
helping or assisting. 

COADJUTOR (ko-ad-jo'tur), n. [fern. COADJU- 
TRESS.] Helper or assistant; coworker; 
colleague. [L. co-, with, and adjutor, helper; 
from ad, to, and juvo, help.] 

COAGENCY (ko-a'jen-si), n. Joint agency. 

COAGENT (ko-a'jent), n. One cooperating with 
another in any act or work. [CO- and 
AGENT.'] 

COAGITATE (ko-aj'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. COAG'I- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. COAG'ITATED.] Shake 
or mix together. 

COAGULANT (ko-ag'u-lant), n. Matter or sub- 
stance to produce coagulation. 

COAGULATE (ko-ag'u-lat), v. [pr.p. COAGU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. COAG'ULATEO.] I. 
vt. Change into a curd-like state. II. vi. Be- 
come curdled or clotted. [L. coagulo, curdle; 
from co-, together, and ago, drive.] 

COAGULATION (ko-ag-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act 
or process of coagulating. 2. State of being- 
coagulated. 3. That which is coagulated. 

COAGULATIVE (ko-ag'u-la-tiv), a. Produc- 
tive of coagulation; coagulating. 

COAGULATOR (ko-ag'u-la-tm), n. That which 
coagulates; coagulant. 

COAGULUM (ko-ag'u-lum), n. [pi. COAG'ULA.] 
Coagulated or concreted mass, as clotted blood. 
[L.] 

COAK (kok), n. Wood or metal pin or dowel 
used to fasten edges of planks or timbers to 
keep them from warping. 

COAL (kol), n. 1. Carbonaceous mineral sub- 
stance of vegetable origin, black, opaque, 
dull or shiny, found in the earth, and exten- 
sively used for fuel. 2. In England, piece of 
coal; generally used in the plural. 3. Ember 
or live coal; coal of fire. — Brown coal, lignite. 
— Haul over the coals, reprove for some act. 
[A. S. col.] 

COAL (kol), v. [pr.p. COAL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COALED (kold).] I. vt. 1. Supply with coal. 
2. Burn or reduce to charcoal. II. vi. Take 
in coal. 

COALESCE (ko-a-les'), vi. [pr.p. COALES'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. COALESCED (ko-a-lest').] Grow 
together or unite into one body; blend; fuse; 
amalgamate. [L. coalcsco; from co-, together, 
and alo, nourish.] 

COALESCENCE (ko-a-les'ens), n. Act or process 
of coalescing; union. 

COALESCENT (kd-a-les'ent), a. Uniting; co- 
alescing. 

COAL-FIELD (kol'feld), n. Geol. District con- 
taining coal strata. 

COAL-GAS (kol'gas), n. Illuminating or fuel 
gas obtained from coal. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COAL-HEAVER 



338 



COBNUT 



COAL-HEAVER (kol'hev-er), n. One who shov- 
els coal; stoker. 

COALITION (ko-a-lish'un), n. 1. Act of coales- 
cing. 2. Alliance. [L. L. coalitio — L. coal- 
isco, coalesce.] 

COAL-OIL (kol'oil), n. Kerosene; petroleum. 

COAL-TAR (kol'tar), n. Black, pitch-like liquid 
which condenses in the pipes when coal or 
petroleum is distilled. 

COALY (kol'i), o. Of or like coal. 

COAMINGS (kom'ingz), n.pl. Naut. Raised 
borders or edges of the hatches. [Probably 
from COMB.] 

COAPTATION (ko-ap-ta'shun), w. Adaptation 
of parts to each other. [L. co-, together, and 
apto, adapt.] 

COARSE (kors), a. [comp. COARS'ER; superl. 
COARS'EST.] 1. Large in size or texture. 

2. Gross; rough; unrefined. 3. Rude; in- 
elegant; vulgar. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SYN. Gritty; impure; immodest; foul; 

offensive. ANT. Smooth; pure; modest; 

refined; tidy. 
COARSELY (kors'li), adv. In a coarse manner. 
COARSENESS (kors'nes), n. State or quality of 

being coarse. 
COAST (kost), n. 1. Side or border of land next 

the sea; sea-shore. 2. Act of coasting. [O. Fr. 

coste; from L. costa, rib, side.] 
COAST (kost), v. [pr.p. COAST'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. COAST'ED.] I. vt. Sail along the coast of. 

II. vi. 1. Sail along or near a coast. 2. Sail 

or trade from port to port of the same country. 

3. Ride on a sled, toboggan, etc., down a hill 
or any inclined plane, by force of gravity. 

COASTER (kost'er), n. 1. One who coasts. 
2. Small vessel employed in trading from 
port to port in the same country. 3. Long, 
narrow, low sled, for coasting. 

COASTING (kost'ing), n. 1. Act or practice of 
sailing along the coast. 2. Act or practice of 
riding down hill on a sled, etc. — Coasting 
trade, trade carried on between the ports of 
the same country. 

COAST-LINE (kost'lin), n. Line or boundary 
of a coast; shore-line. 

COASTWARD (kost'ward), adv. Toward the 
coast. 

COASTWISE (kost'wiz), adv. Along the coast. 

COAT (kot), vt. [pr.p. COAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COAT'ED.] Cover with a coat or layer, as of 
paint, varnish, tar, etc. 

COAT (kot), n. 1. Upper outer garment, with 
sleeves, worn by men. 2. Natural external 
covering of an animal, as the hair or wool of 
a beast. 3. Vesture or habit. 4. Any layer or 
membranous covering, as a coat of paint, 
coats of the eye, etc. — Coat of arms. Her. 
Escutcheon or shield of arms; family insignia. 
— Coat of mail. Piece of armor for the upper 
part of the body, made of metal scales or 
rings linked one within another. [O. Fr. 
cote; from L.L. cota, tunic] 



COATI (ko-a/ti or ko'a-ti), n. Zool. South 
American plantigrade carnivorous mammal 
allied to the raccoons. 

COATING (kot'ing), n. 1. Cloth for coats. 2. 
Covering layer; integument; coat. 

COATSHIRT (kot'shert), n. Shirt with entire 
front open so as to be put on and taken off 
like a coat. 

COAX (koks), v. [pr.p. COAXING; p.t. and p.p. 
COAXED (kokst).] I. vt. 1. Persuade by 
fondling or flattery; wheedle. 2. Humor 
or soothe. II. vi. Cajole; wheedle. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

COAXER (koks'er), n. One who coaxes. 

CO-AXIAL (ko-aks'i-al), a. Having the same 
axis. [Prefix CO- and AXIAL.] 

COAXINGLY (koks'ing-li), adv. In a coaxing 
manner. 

COB (kob), n. 1. Spike around which the kernels 
of maize grow; corn-cob. 2. Lump or ball of 
anything. 3. Sea-mew, or sea-cob. 4. Male 
swan. 5. In England, a short-legged strong 
horse. 6. Spider. [Cognate with COP.] 

COBALT (ko'balt), n. Chem. 1. Brittle, red- 
dish-gray metal, usually found combined with 
arsenic, nickel and other minerals. 2. Cobalt- 
blue, a blue pigment prepared from alumina 
and cobalt. [Ger. ko'balt; from kobold, 
demon.] 

COBALTIC (ko'balt-ik), a. Chem. Pertaining 
to cobalt in its triad valence. [COBALT and 
-IC] 

COBALTOUS (ko'balt-us), a. Chem. Pertaining 
to cobalt in its lower valence. [COBALT and 
-OUS.] 

COBBLE (kob'l), v. [pr.p. COB'BLING; p.t. and 
p.p. COBBLED (kob'ld).] I. vt. 1. Patch up 
or mend coarsely, as boots or shoes. 2. Make 
clumsily. II. vi. Work as a cobbler; mend or 
patch boots or shoes. [O. Fr. cooler; from L. 
copulo, join together.] 

COBBLE (kob'l), n. Cobblestone. 

COBBLER (kob'ler), n. Cobblestone. [Dim. of 
COB (lump or ball).] 

COBBLER (kob'ler), n. One who cobbles or 
mends shoes. 

COBBLER (kob'ler), n. 1. Pie made with whole 
fruit pared; as, peach-cofc&Zer. 2. Drink made 
of wine, ice, sugar, lemon, etc., as a sherry- 
cobbler. 

COBBLESTONE (kob'1-ston), n. 1. Stone worn 
round and smooth by water. 2. Rounded 
stone used in paving. 

CO-BELLIGERENT (ko-bel-lij'er-ent), I. a. 
Carrying on war conjointly. II. n. Nation 
carrying on war conjointly with another. 
[CO- and BELLIGERENT.] 

COBLE (ko'bl), n. Small flat-bottomed fishing 
boat. [Wei. ceubal.] 

CoBLENTZ (ko'blents), n. Capital of Rhenish 
Prussia, on Rhine and Moselle. 

COBNUT (kob'nut), n. Variety of large hazel- 
nut; also the plant bearing it. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



m 




COATS OF HRfflS 







SWEDEN 



NETHERLANDS 




Gwcnhof) PORTUGAL 



— M 



Copyright, 1911 , by Wm. H. Lee. 




m 




COHTS OF flRIDS 





TURKISH EMPIRE 



FRANCE 




£{ 



Copyright, 1911 , by Wm. H. Lee. 



COBRA 



239 



COCK-FIGHTING 




Cobra. 

spider's 



COBRA (ko'bra), COBRA-DE-CAPELLO (ko- 

bra-da-ka-pel'6), n. Venomous snake of 

tbe East Indies, wbicb dilates 

the back and sides of the neck 

so as to resemble a hood. 

[Pg. lit. "snake of the hood. "J 
COBWEB (kob'web), w. 1. 

Spider's web or net. 2. Flimsy 

snare to entrap the simple or 

unwary. 4. Weak and flimsy 

entanglement. [COB (spider), 

and WEB.] 
COBWEBBED (kob'webd), a. 

1. Covered with or full of 
cobwebs. 2. Bot. Resembling 
web; arachnoid. 

COCA (ko'ka), n. Dried leaf of a South American 
shrub, the Erythroxylon Coca, used as a 
narcotic and stimulant. [Sp.] 

COCAINE (ko'ka-in), n. Phartn. Alkaloid 
obtained from coca leaves, used in medicine 
as a local anaesthetic. Internally administered 
it is a powerful nerve stimulant, producing, 
if its use is persisted in, brain anaemia and 
insanity. 

COCAINISM (kd'ka-in-Izm), n. Pathol. Morbid 
condition induced by over-use of cocaine. 

COCCI (kok'si), n.pl. Biol. Spherical bacteria; 
micrococci. [See COCCUS.] 

COCCIFEROUS (kok-sif er-us), a. Berry-bear- 
ing. [L. coccum, berry, and fero, bear.] 

CocCULUS (kok'u-lus), n. Bot. Genus of East 
Indian climbing plants, the dried berries of 
one species of which constitute the narcotic 
drug known as cocculus indicus. [L., dim. of 
coccum; Gr. kokkos, berry.] 

COCCUS (kok'us), n. [pi. COCCI (kok'si).] 
Spherical bacterium; micrococcus. Cocci, 
when found single are termed monococci, when 
growing in pairs diplococci, when forming 
chains streptococci, and when appearing In 
clusters staphylococci. [L.; from Gr. kokkos, 
berry.] 

COCCUS (kok'us), n. Genus of hemipterous 
insects. 

COCCYGEAL (kok-sij'e-al), a. Anat. Of or 
pertaining to the coccyx. 

COCCYX (kok'siks), n. [pi. COCCYGES (kok'si- 
jez).] Anat. Lower bone of the vertebral 
column. [Gr. kokkyx.] 

COCHIN (ko'chln), n. Large-sized variety of 
domestic fowl, with feathered legs, full breast, 
and small tail. [Cochin- China.] 

COCHIN-CHINA (ko'chin-chi-na), n. Province 
French Indo-China. Area 20,000 sq. m. 

COCHINEAL (koch'i-nel), n. 1. Scarlet dye- 
stuff, consisting of kiln-dried bodies of the 
female of certain insects found upon cactus 
plants, chiefly in Mexico and the West Indies. 

2. Cochineal insect. [Sp. cochinilla.] 
COCHLEA (kok'le-a), n. Anat. Spiral cavity 

of the ear. [L.; from Gr. kochlias, snail.] 
COCHLEAR Y(kok'le-a-ri), a. Spiral; cochleate. 



COCHLEATE (kok'le-at), o. Spiral or twisted, 
like a snail-shell. 

COCK (kok), n. 1. Male of birds, particularly 
of the domestic fowl. 2. Time of cock-crow- 
ing. 3. Champion; leader. 4. Weathercock. 
5. Gnomon of a dial. 6. Faucet or stop-cock. 
7. Hammer of a firearm. 8. Needle of a 
balance. 9. Notch in an arrow for the string. 
10. Act of turning up or cocking, as a hat- 
brim. 11. The turn given. [A. S. coc] 

COCK (kok), vt. [pr.p. COCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COCKED (kokt).] 1. Turn or tilt up or to one 
side. 2. Draw back the hammer of, as a gun 
or pistol. — Cocked hat, hat with the brim 
turned up on three sides. 

COCK (kok), n. Small conical pile of hay, straw, 
etc. [Sw. koka, lump.] 

COCK (kok), vt. [pr.p. COCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COCKED (kokt).] Arrange in cocks or piles, 
as hay. 

COCK (kok), n. Small boat, usually called a 
cockboat. [Fr. coque; from L. concha; Gr. 
konche, shell.] 

COCKADE (kok-ad'), n. Knot of ribbon or 
something similar worn on the hat as a badge. 
[Fr. cocarde; from coq, cock (from its likeness 
to the comb of a cock).] 

COCKATOO (kok-a-to'), n. Parrot having a 
large head, ornamented with a folding or 
procumbent crest. [Malay, kdkdtua, imitative 
of its cry.] 

COCKATRICE (kok'a-tris), n. 1. Fabulous 
serpent hatched from a cock's egg, whose 
breath or glance was fatal to any creature 
coming within its influence. 2. Any venomous 
serpent. [O. Fr. cockatrice, crocodile.] 

COCKBOAT (kok'bot), n. Ship's small boat. 
[COCK (small boat).] 

COCKCHAFER (kok'cha-fer), n. European 
beetle very destructive to vegetation; May- 
bug. [See CHAFER.] 

COCKCROWING (kok'kro-ing), n. Time at 
which cocks crow; early morning. 

COCKED-HAT (kokt'hat), n. Game at bowls 
with three pins placed triangularly at end of 
bowling alley. 

COCKER (kok'er), n. Small dog of the spaniel 
kind employed by hunters in shooting wood- 
cock. 

COCKEREL (kok'er-el), n. Young cock. 

COCKET (kok'et), n. British custom-house seal, 
certificate of entry, or office of entry in the 
custom house. 

COCKEYE (kok'i), n. 1. Squinting eye. 2. 
Loop at end of trace of harness made fast to 
the swingle-tree. 

COCK-FIGHT (kok'fit), n. Contest of game- 
cocks. 

COCK-FIGHTER (kok'fit-er), n. One who keeps 
game-cocks for matching, or promotes cock- 
fighting. 

COCK-FIGHTING (kok'fit-ing), n. Matching 
of game-cocks. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



COCKLE 



240 



CO-ED 



COCKLE (kok'l), n. Troublesome weed that 

grows among grain. [A. S. coecel.] 
COCKLE (kok'l), n. 1. Shell-fish or mollusk 
having a thick, ribbed, heart-shaped, equal- 
valved shell. 2. Cockle-shell. 3. Fire cham- 
ber of a hot-air furnace. — Cockles of the heart, 
chambers of the heart, or the heart itself. [Fr. 
coquille.] 
COCKLE (kok'l), v. [pr.p. COCK'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. (COCKLED kok'ld).] I. vt. Cause to 
pucker. II. vi. Pucker into wrinkles or 
ridges, like a cockle-shell. 
COCKLE-BUR (kok'1-bur), n. Bot. 1. Coarse 
weed, the Xanthium Strumarium, bearing 
hard, prickly burs. 2. Bur of this weed. 
COCKLE-SHELL (kok'1-shel), n. 1. Shell of the 
cockle or other similar mollusk. 2. Frail 
boat. 
COCK-LOBSTER (kok'lob-ster), w. Male lob- 
ster. 
COCKLOFT (kok'laft), n. Room in a house 

next the roof. 
COCKNEY (kok'ni), n. [pi. COCK'NEYS.] 
Londoner; one born and living in a partic- 
ular part of London. [Etym. doubtful.] 
COCKNEYISM(kok'ni-izm), n. Dialect or man- 
ners of a cockney. 
COCKPIT (kok'pit), n. 1. Pit or enclosed space 
for cock-fighting. 2. Naut. After-part of the 
orlop deck. 
COCKROACH (kok'roch), w. Orthopterous in- 
sect, of nocturnal habits, infesting kitchens, 
pantries, etc. 
COCKSCOMB (koks'kom), n. 1. Comb or crest 
on a cock's head. 2. Plant with a red flower 
resembling the comb of a cock. 
COCKSPUR (kok'spiir), n. Bot. Virginian haw- 
thorn. 
COCKSWAIN, COXSWAIN (koks'wan; Colloq. 
koks'n), n. One who steers or has charge of a 
rowboat. 
COCKTAIL (kok'tal), n. Drink made of spirits 
or wine as a base, and lemon juice, lemon peel, 
and syrup as flavor- 
ing agents. 
COCO, COCOA (ko'- 
ko), n. Bot. Trop- 
ical palm-tree, pro- 
ducing the cocoa- 
nut. [Sp. coco.} 
COCOA (ko'ko),n. 1. 
Powder made by 
pulverizing the 
dried seed-kernels 
of the cacao or 
chocolate-tree. 2. 
Beverage made 
from it. [Corrup. of CACAO.] 
COCOA-BUTTER (ko'ko-but-er), n. Yellow- 
white fat of the consistency of tallow, obtained 
from the cacao or chocolate-tree seed-ker- 
nels. 
COCOANUT fko'ko-nut), n. Large nut of the 




Cocoa-palm (Cocos 
nucifera). 



cocoa-palm, having a hard shell covered with 
a fibrous husk and lined with a white edible 
meat, inclosing a milky fluid. 

COCOA-PALM (ko'ko-pam), n. See COCO. 

COCOON (ko-kon), n. Silken sheath spun by 
the larvae of certain insects, such as the silk- 
worm, in passing into the pupa or chrysalis 
state. [Fr. cocon; from coque, shell; L. con- 
cha, shell.] 

COCOONERY (ko-kon'er-i), n. Place for keep- 
ing silkworms when feeding and spinning 
cocoons. 

COCTILE (kok'til), a. Hardened by Are, as a 
brick. [L. coctilus; from coquo, cook.] 

COCTION (kok'shun), n. Act or process of 
boiling. [L. coctio; from coctus, p.p. of coquo, 
cook.] 

COCYTUS (ko-si'tus), n. Greek Myth. River in 
Hades, one of the tributaries to the river 
Acheron. 

COD, CODFISH (kod'flsh), n. Food fish of sev- 
eral species, the best known being the common 
cod, or Gadus morrhua, found off the coast 
of Newfoundland, and elsewhere in northern 
temperate seas. — Cod-liver oil, medicinal oil 
extracted from the fresh liver of the common 
cod. [Etym. doubtful.] 

COD (kod), n. 1. Husk, envelope, or pod in 
which seeds are contained. 2. Small bag of 
any kind. [A. S. codd, small bag.] 

COD (kod), vt. [pr.p. CODDING; p.t. and p.p. 
CODDED.] Impose upon the credulity of; 
hoax. (Colloq.) 

CODA (ko'da), n. Music. Winding up of a com- 
position by an extra melodic phrase. [It.; 
from L. cauda, tail.] 

CODDLE (kod'l), vt. [pr.p. COD'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. CODDLED (kod 'Id).] Pamper; fondle; 
spoil by indulgence. [Ice. koddi, pillow.] 

CODDLE (kod'l), vt. [pr.p. COD'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. CODDLED (kod'ld).] Parboil or soften by 
boiling. [Allied to CAUDLE.] 

CODE (kod), n. 1. Collection or digest of laws. 
2. System of rules and regulations. 3. Sys- 
tem of words, characters or signals with arbi- 
trary meanings to designate prearranged or 
predetermined words. [Fr. code; from L. 
codex, tablet.] 

CODEX (ko'deks), n. [CODICES (kod'i-sez).] 1. 
Volume or roll of manuscript. 2. Code. 
[L.] 

CODFISH (kod'flsh), n. 1. Same as COD. 2. 
Flesh of the cod used as food. 

CODGER (koj'er). n. 1. Eccentric old man. 2. 
Miserly man. 3. Chap; fellow. (Colloq.) 

CODICIL (kod'i-sil), n. Supplement to a will. 
[L. codicillus, dim. of codex, tablet.] 

CODIFICATION (kod-i-fl-ka'shun), n. Act of 
codifying. 

CODIFY (kod'i-fi or ko'di-fi), vt. [pr.p. COD'IFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COD'IFIED.] Form into 
a code or system. 

CO-ED (ko-ed') n. Young woman who attends 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



• 



COEDUCATION 



241 



COFFER 






a school where young men and young women 
are conjointly instructed. (Colloq.) 

COEDUCATION (ko-ed-u-ka'shun), n. Educa- 
tion of persons of different sexes or of different 
races, especially white and negro or white and 
Mongolian, in the same school. 

COEFFICIENCY (ko-ef-fish'en-si), n. Joint 
efficiency; effective cooperation. 

COEFFICIENT (ko-ef-fish'ent), I. a. Acting in 
conjunction so as to produce a certain effect; 
jointly efficient. II. n. 1. That which unites 
in action with something else to produce a 
certain result. 2. Alg. Number put before a 
quantity, into which it is supposed to be mul- 
tiplied. 3. Physics. Quantity of any gen- 
erating term which arises from the division 
of that term by the generated quantity. — 
Coefficient of self-induction. Elec. Ratio 
in any circuit of the flux induced by and 
linked with a current, to the strength of that 
current. 

COEFFICIENTLY (ko-ef-fish'ent-Ii), adv. In a 
coefficient manner; conjointly. 

CoSLENTERA (se-len'te-ra), Co3LENTERATA 
(se-lcn-te-ra'ta), n.pl. Technical name for 
the second lowest branch of many-celled ani- 
mals — radially symmetrical, without any 
body-cavity distinct from the alimentary tube. 
[Gr. koilos, hollow, and enteron, intestine.] 

C03LENTERATE (se-len'te-rat), I. a. Of or 
pertaining to the Cwlenterata. II. n. One of 
the Cmlenterata. 

COEQUAL, (ko-e'kwal), I. o. Equal with an- 
other person or thing, of the same rank or 
dignity. II. n. One who or that which is 
coequal. 

COE QUALITY (ko-e-kwol'i-ti), n. State or con- 
dition of being coequal with others. 

COERCE (ko-ers'), vt. [pr.p. COER'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. COERCED (ko-erst').] Restrain by 
force; compel; constrain. [L. coerceo; from 
co- t together, and arceo, shut in.] 

SYN. Restrain; inhibit; impel; compel; 
drive; intimidate; bulldoze. ANT. Permit; 
persuade; liberate; induce; tempt. 

COERCIRLE (ko-er'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
coerced. 

COERCION (ko-er'shun), n. 1. Government 
by force. 2. Power of coercing or enforcing 
by compulsion. 3. Compulsion; duress. 

COERCIVE (ko-er'siv), a. That has power or 
authority to coerce; compulsory. 

COERCIVELY (ko-er'siv-li), adv. In a coercive 
manner. 

COERCIVENESS (ko-er'siv-nes), n. Quality of 
being coercive or compulsory. 

COESSENTIAL (ko-es-sen'shal), a. Partaking 
of the same essence. 

COESSENTIALITY (ko-es-sen-shi-al'i-ti), n. 
Quality of being coessential. 

COETANEOUS (ko-e-ta/ne-us), a. 1. Of the 
same age. 2. Contemporary. [L. co-, together, 
and cetas, age.] 



COETERNAL (ko-e-ter'nal), a. Equally eternal 

with another. 
COEVAL (ko-e'val), I. a. Existing from the 

same time. II. n. One of the same age; con- 
temporary. [L. coaevus; co-, together, and 

wvum, age.] 
COEXIST (ko-egz-isf), vi. [pr.p. COEXISTING; 

p.t. and p.p. COEXIST'ED.] Exist at the same 

time. 
COEXISTENCE (ko-egz-ist'ens), n. State or 

quality of being coexistent. 
COEXISTENT (ko-egz-ist'ent), a. Coexisting; 

contemporaneous. 
COEXTEND (ko-eks-tend'), v. [pr.p. COEX- 

TEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. COEXTEND'ED.] I. 

vt. Cause to extend equally. II. vi. Extend 

equally. 
COEXTENSION (ko-eks-ten'shun), n. Act of 

extending equally, or the state of being 

equally extended. 
COEXTENSIVE (kd-eks-ten'siv), a. Equally 

extensive. 
CoFFEA (kof-fe'a), n. Bot. Genus of plants of 

many species, the best known being Coffea 

Arabica, a tropical evergreen tree bearing a 

berry or cherry-like fruit containing two seeds 

or "beans" — the coffee of commerce. [See 

COFFEE.] 
COFFEE (kof'e), 

n. 1. Seed or 

"beans" of any 

species of Coffea, 

especially Coffea 

Arabica, or com- 
mon coffee-tree. 

2. Beverage made 

from the roasted 

and ground coffee 

beans. See 

COFFEA. [Turk. 

quahveh; from 

Ar. quahwah.] 
COFFEE-BEAN 

(kof'e -ben), n. 

Seed of the cof- 
fee-tree. 
COFFEE-BERRY 

(kof'e-ber-i), n. 

Fruit of the 

coffee-tree. [See 

COFFEA.] 
COFFEE-CUP (kof'e-kup), n. Cup for coffee, 

usually larger than a teacup. 
COFFEE-GROUNDS (kof'e-growndz), n.pl. 

Dregs of coffee. 
COFFEE-HOUSE (kof'e-hows), n. Cafe. 
COFFEE-MILL (kof'e-mil), n. Mill for grinding 

coffee. 
COFFEE-POT (kof'e-pot), n. Pot or vessel in 

which coffee is infused or boiled, or in which 

it is kept for serving. 
COFFER (kof'er), n. 1. Chest for holding money 

or treasure. 2. [pi.] Whole wealth of a person. 




Branch of the Coffee-tree. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; -me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn/ 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



COFFER 



242 



COHERENT 



3. Deep panel in a ceiling. 4. Canal lock; 

caisson. [O. Fr. cofre, chest; from L. cophinus, 

basket.] 
COFFER (kof'er), vt. [pr.p. COF'FERING; p.t. 

and p.p. COFFERED (kof'erd).] 1. Place in 

a coffer; hoard. 2. Furnish with a coffer or 

coffers, as a ceiling. 
COFFER-DAM (kof'Sr-dam), n. Water-tight 

structure used in engineering for excluding 

the water from the foundations of bridges, 

quay walls, etc., so as to allow of their being 

built dry. 
COFFIN (kof'in), n. 1. Case or casket in which 

a corpse is enclosed. 2. Hoof of a horse 

above the coronet, including the coffin-bone. 

[O. Fr. cofin; L. cophinus, basket.] 
COFFIN (kof'in), vt. [pr.p. COF'FINING; p.U 

and p.p. COFFINED (kof'ind).] Inclose or 

confine in, or as in, a coffin. 
COFFIN-BONE (kof'in-bon), n. Spongy bone 

in the middle of a horse's hoof. 
COFFIN-SHIP (kof'in-ship), n. Ship that is 

unsound, and likely to prove fatal to those in it. 
COFFLE (kof'l), n. Gang, or train of persons 

fettered together, especially slaves. [Ar. 

qafilah, caravan.] 
COG (kog), n. 1. Catch or tooth which acts 

upon an object to move it, as in the case of 

a gear or cog-wheel. 2. Tenon. [Gael.] 
COG (kog), vt. [pr.p. COG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

COGGED (kogd).] 1. Furnish with cogs. 2. 

Place a piece of wood, stone, etc., in, so as to 

prevent from moving, as the wheel of a car- 
riage. 
COG (kog), n. Small boat; cockboat. [O. Fr. 

cogue, ship.] 
COG (kog), n. 1. Act of cheating; deception. 

2. Loaded die. [Wei. coeg, empty.] 
COG (kog), vi. [pr.p. COG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

COGGED (kogd).] 1. Cheat or deceive, as 

with dice. 2. Wheedle. 
COGENCY (ko'jen-si), n. Convincing power. 
COGENT (ko'jent), a. Powerful to convince; 

convincing. [L. cogens, pr.p. of cogo, compel.] 
COGENTLY (ko'jent-li), adv. In a cogent man- 
ner. 
COGITABLE (koj'i-ta-bl), a. Thinkable; con- 
ceivable. 
COGITATE (koj'i-tat), v. [pr.p. COG'ITATING; 

p.t. and p.p. COG'ITATED.] I. vt. Devise; 

meditate. II. vi. Turn a thing over in one's 

mind; ponder; reflect. [L. cogito, think 

deeply.] 
COGITATION (koj-I-ta'shun), n. Deep thought; 

meditation. 
COGITATIVE (koj'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Having the 

power of thinking. 2. Given to cogitating. 
COGNAC (kon-yak'), n. Town in department 

Charente, France. 
COGNAC (kon'yak), n. Superior quality of 

French brandy. [Cognac, in France.] 
COGNATE (kog'nat), I. a. 1. Of the same 

family, kind, or nature. 2. Related or allied 



to. II. n. 1. One related by blood; kinsman. 
2. Person related to another through the 
mother, as distinguished from an AGNATE, 
one related through the father. [L. cognatus; 
from co-, together, and natus, p.p. of nascor, 
be born.] 

COGNATION (kog-na'shun), n. Relationship 
by blood; kinship. 

COGNITION (kog-nish'un), n. 1. Act of know- 
ing. 2. That which is comprehended. 3. 
Acknowledgment; recognition. [L. cognitio; 
from cognitus. See COGNITIVE.] 

COGNITIVE (kog'ni-tiv), a. Capable of, or per- 
taining to, cognition. [L. cognitus, p.p. of 
cognosco, know.] 

COGNIZABLE (kog'ni-za-bl), a. 1. That may 
be known or understood. 2. That may be 
judiciously investigated. 

COGNIZANCE (kog'ni-zans or kon'i-zans), n. 1. 
Knowledge or notice, judicial or private. 2. 
Observation. 3. Jurisdiction. 4. Badge or 
distinctive mark. 

COGNIZANCE (kog'ni-zant or con'i-zant), a. 
Having cognizance or knowledge of. 

COGNIZE (kog'niz), vt. [pr.p. COG'NIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. COGNIZED (kog'nizd).] Become 
conscious of; take notice of. 

COGNOMEN (kog-no'men), n. [pi. COGNO'- 
MENS or COGNOM'INA.] 1. Surname. 2. 
Nickname. 3. Among the Romans, the last 
of the three names of an individual, indicating 
the house or family to which he belonged. 
[L., from co-, together, and nomen, name,] 

COGNOMINAL (kog-nom'i-nal), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to a cognomen. 2. Like-named. 

COGNOVIT (kog-no'vit), n. Law. Acknowledg- 
ment by the defendant in an action that the 
plaintiff's cause is just. [L. cognovit actionem, 
he has confessed the action.] 

COG-RAIL (kog'ral), n. Rail or track with teeth 
or cogs used for ascending or descending in- 
clined places. 

COG-WHEEL (kog'hwel), n. Wheel having 
teeth or cogs which fit between similar ones 
on another wheel, or on a rail, etc. 

COHABIT (ko-hab'it), vi. [pr.p. COHAB'ITING; 
p.t. and p.p. COHABITED.] Dwell together 
as husband and wife. [L. cohabito; from co-, 
together, and habito, dwell.] 

COHABITATION (ko-hab-i-ta'shun), n. Act 
of cohabiting. 

COHIER (ko-ar'), n. [fern. COHEIRESS.] Joint 
heir. 

COHENITE, (ko 'en-it) n. White mineral com- 
pound of nickel, cobalt and ferro-carbide. 

COHERE (ko-her'), vi. [pr.p. COHERING; 
p.t. and p.p. COHERED (ko-herd').] 1. Stick 
together; remain in contact. 2. Follow in 
proper connection. 3. Be consistent. [L. 
cohcereo; from co-, together, and hmreo, stick.] 
COHERENCE (ko-her'ens), COHERENCY (ko- 
her 'en-si), n. Act or condition of cohering. 
COHERENT (ko-her'ent), a. 1. Sticking to- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



Eg— °° 



m 




ENGLISH £ GRECIAN COINS 





£G1NA 



SYRACUSE 



THEBES 





ROMAN COIN© 




00MIT1AN 




CUNOBELIN 



(CONSULAR) 




COHERENTLY 



243 



COLA 



gether. 2. Connected; united. 3. Consist- 
ent in thought or speech. 

COHERENTLY (ko-her'ent-li), adv. In a coher- 
ent manner; with logical sequence. 

COHERER (ko-her'er), n. Elec. Detector of 
electro-magnetic waves consisting of a glass 
tube with silver end-plugs and containing 
conducting particles forming a semi-conduct- 
ing bridge between two electrodes. Used in 
wireless telegraphy. 



<: 



> 






Coherer. 
COHESIBLE (ko-he'si-bl), a. That can be made 

cohesive; capable of cohesion. 
COHESION (ko-he'zhun), n. 1. Act of cohering. 

2. State of being united by natural attraction. 

3. Force by which the particles of bodies of 
the same nature are held together. 4. Con- 
nection; dependence; coherence. 5. Bot. 
Congenital union of one organ with another. 
[L. cohwsus, p.p. of cohaereo, cohere.] 




Cohesion Figures. 

1. Electric figure from a solution of cyanide of potassium. 

2. Submersion figure of oil of lavender in alcohol. 3, 
Surface figure of oil of lavender on water. 4. Cohesion 
figure of oil of bitter almonds. 

COHESIVE (ko-he'siv), a. 1. Producing cohe- 
sion. 2. Tending to unite into a mass. 

COHESIVELY (ko-he'siv-li), adv. In a cohesive 
manner. 

COHESIVENESS (kd-he'siv-nes), n. Quality of 
being cohesive. 

COHORT (kd'hart), n. 1. Band of armed men. 
2. Among the Romans, a body of soldiers 
from 300 to 600 in number, forming a tenth 
part of a legion. [L. cohors, cohortis, court or 
inclosure.] 

COIF (koif), n. 1. Close-fitting cap; cowl; 
skull-cap. 2. Kind of head-dress for women. 
[Fr. coiffe; L.L. cofia, cap.] 

COIFFEUR (koi-fur'), n. Hair-dresser. [Fr.] 

COIFFURE (koi'fur), n. 1. Arrangement of the 
hair. 2. Head-dress. [Fr.] 

COIGN, COIGNE (koin), n. 1. Corner or ex- 



ternal angle. 2. Corner-stone; quoin. 3. 
Wedge. — Coign of vantage* position of advan- 
tage, either for seeing or acting. [COIN.] 

COIL (koil), v. [pr.p. COILING; p.t. and p.p. 
COILED (koild).] I. vt. 1. Wind in rings, as 
a rope ; dispose or twist in coils. II. vi. As- 
sume the form of a coil. [O. Fr. coillir; from 
L. colligo, collect.] 

COIL (koil), n. 1. Series of rings, or a spiral, 
formed by winding or coiling. 2. One of the 
rings so formed. 3. Elec. Convolution of in- 
sulated wire through which an electric cur- 
rent may be passed. — Induction coil, two coils, 
one within the other, the electric action of 
each upon the other being called mutual in- 
duction. 

COIL (koil), n. Perplexity. — Mortal coil, toil 
and trouble of human life. [Gael, goill, struggle.] 

COIN (koin), n. 1. Piece of metal legally stamped 
and current as money. 2. Money collec- 
tively. 3. Any medium of payment or recom- 
pense. 4. Coign or quoin. — Subsidiary coins, 
fifty-cent, twenty-five-cent and ten-cent sil- 
ver pieces. — Minor coins, five-cent piece or 
"nickel," and one-cent piece or "copper." 
[Fr. coin, wedge, also die to stamp money; 
from L. cuneus, wedge.] 

COIN (koin), vt. [pr.p. COIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COINED (koind).] 1. Mint or stamp, as pieces 
of metal for money; make into coins. 2. 
Make or acquire as if by coining. 3. Originate 
or invent, as to coin a word. 

COINAGE (koin'aj), n. 1. Act or process of 
coining. 2. That which is coined. 3. Ag- 
gregate amount of money coined. 

COINCIDE (ko-in-sid), vi. [pr.p. COINCIDING; 
p.t. and p.p. COINCI'DED.] 1. Agree in po- 
sition, time, extent, etc. 2. Fall in with, or 
agree, in opinion ; concur. [L. co-, together, 
and incido, fall on.] 

COINCIDENCE (ko-in'si-dens), n. 1. Act or 
condition of coinciding. 2. Occurrence of an 
event at the same time as another event, with- 
out any apparent connection. 

COINCIDENT (ko-in'si-dent), a. Coinciding. 

COINCIDENTLY (ko-in'si-dent-li), adv. By 
way of or in manner of coincidence. 

COINER (koin'er), n. 1. One who coins. 2. 
Maker of counterfeit coins. 

COIR (koir), n. Strong fiber of the husk of the 
cocoanut, or cordage, cables, etc., made of it. 
[Malay, hayar, cord; from kdyaru, be twisted.] 

COITION (ko-ish'un), n. Sexual intercourse; 
copulation. [L. coitio; from co-, together, and 
itus, p.p. of co, go.] 

COKE (kok), n. Fuel obtained by heating coal 
in confined spaces, whereby its more volatile 
constituents are driven off. 

COKE (kok), vt. [pr.p. COKING; p.t. and p.p. 
COKED (kokt).] Convert into coke. 

COL-, prefix. With; together. [Form of COM-.] 

COLA (ko'la), n. Bot. Genus of trees. See 
KOLA-NUT. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COLABORER 



244 



COLLAR 



COLABORER (ko-la'bur-er), n. Fellow-laborer; 
coworker; collaborator. 

COLANDER (kul'an-der), CULLENDER (kul'- 
en-der), n. Vessel with small holes in the 
bottom, used as a strainer. [Sp. colador; 
from L. colum, strainer.] 

COLA-NUT (kola-nut), n. Same as KOLA-NUT. 

COLCHICUM (kol'ki-kum), n. Meadow saffron, 
or a medical preparation made from it. [L.] 

COLCOTHAR (kol'ko-thar), n. Glass-polishing 
powder made from residuum of superheated 
sulphate of iron, otherwise green copperas. 

COLD (kold), I. a. 1. Opposite of HOT; of low 
temperature. 2. Causing coldness; frigid. 
3. Suffering from low temperature; chilled; 
chilly. 4. Cooled, as after being heated or 
cooked. 5. Without passion or zeal; spirit- 
less. 6. Unfriendly. 7. Indifferent; reserved; 
not cordial. 8. Sad; xmf ortunate ; unlucky. 
0. Cool; deliberate. 10. Lacking fresh- 
ness, as an old trail. II. n. 1. Low tem- 
perature. 2. Feeling or sensation caused 
by low temperature or absence of heat; cold- 
ness. 3. Disorder induced by exposure to 
cold; catarrh. — Take cold, be affected with 
the disorder known as a cold. [A. S. ceald.] 

COLD-BLOODED (kold'blud-cd), a. 1. Having 
cold blood, said of animals whose blood ap- 
proximates in temperature to the medium in 
which they live, as fishes, reptil:s, etc. 2. 
Unfeeling; hard-hearted; cruel. — In cold blood, 
with deliberate intent, not under the influence 
of passion. 

COLD-CHISEL (kold'chiz-el), n. Steel chisel 
tempered to such a degree of hardness as to 
cut cold metal. 

COLD-CREA3I (kold'krem), n. Cooling and 
healing unguent. 

COLD-HEARTED (kold'hart-ed), a. Wanting 
feeling. 

COLDISH (kold'ish), a. Somewhat cold. 

COLDLY (kold'li), adv. In a cold manner. 

COLDNESS (kold'nes), n. State or quality of be- 
ing cold; frigidity; indifference. 

COLD-PIG (kold 'pig), n. Application of cold 
water to wake a person or to force a confes- 
sion or disclosure. (Colloq.) 

COLD-SHORT (kold'shart), a. Brittle when cold, 
as a metal. 

COLD-SHOULDER (kold'shol-der), n. Inten- 
tional slight. 

COLD-SLAW (kold'sla), n. Same as COLE- 
SLAW. 

COLD-STORAGE (kold-stor'aj), n. Storage of 
perishable articles in a refrigerating chamber. 

COLD-WAVE (kold'wav), n. Sudden and deci- 
ded fall in the temperature of the weather. 

COLE (kol), n. 1. Variety of cabbage having an 
open cluster of leaves instead of a head. 2. 
Rape. 3. Kale. 4. Colewort. [A. S. cawel.] 

COLEOPTER (kol-e-op'ter), n. One of the Cole- 
optera; beetle. 

CoLEOPTERA (kol-e-op'te-ra), n.pl. Entom. 



Order of insects having two pairs of wings, the 
outer pair being hard or horny, serving as 
wing-cases for the true-wings. [Gr. kole- 
opteros, sheath-winged.] 

COLEOPTEROUS (kol-e-op'ter-us), a. Pertain- 
ing to or like the Coleoptera; sheath-winged. 

COLE-SEED (kol'sed), n. Seed of rape; rape- 
seed; also the plant. 

COLE-SLAW (kol'sla), n. Salad of cabbage cut 
fine; also called cold-slaw. 

COLEWORT (kol'wurt), n. Young cabbage, be- 
fore the leaves have closed into a head. 

COLIC (kol'ik), n. Pathol. Disorder of the bowels, 
characterized by griping pains, unaccompa- 
nied by any fever, and occurring in paroxysms 
of varying severity. [Gr. kolikos; from kolon, 
colon.] 

COLICKY (kol'ik-i), a. Pertaining to, of the na- 
ture of, suffering from, or causing colic. 

COLIN (kol'in), n. American quail or bob-white. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

Coliseum (koi-i-se'um), n. 1. same as Col- 
osseum. 2. [c-~\ Any amphitheater. 

COLLABORATE (kol-lab'o-rat), vi. [pr.p. COL- 
LAB ORATING; p.t. and p.p. COLLAB 'ORA- 
TED.] Work conjointly. [COL-, and L. lab- 
oro, labor.] 

COLLABORATEUR (kol-la'bo-ra-tur), n. Same 
as COLLABORATOR. [Fr.] 

COLLABORATION (kol-lab-o-ra'shun), n. Work- 
ing together or in unison; joint labor. 

COLLABORATOR (kol-lab'o-ra-tiir), n. One 
associated in the same work; fellow-worker, 
especially in literary or scientific work. 

COLLAPSE (kol-laps), v. [pr.p. COLLAPS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. COLLAPSED (kol-lapst').] I. vt. 1. 
Fold together, as wings; shut. 2. Cause to 
fall in or fail. II. vi. 1. Fall together; con- 
tract. 2. Fall or break down. 3. Go to ruin. 
4. Lose heart; retire discomfited. [L. col- 
lapsus; from col-, together, labi, lapsus, slide 
or fall.] 

COLLAPSE (kol-laps'), n. 1. Act of falling or 
shutting together. 2. Sudden and complete 
breakdown. 3. Any utter failure or coming 
to nothing. 4. Pathol. General prostration. 

COLLAPSIBLE ( kol-laps 'i-bl), a. Capable of 
collapsing, or of being made to collapse. 

COLLAR (kol'ar), n. 1. Article of dress worn 
round the neck, either detachable or forming 
part of some garment, as a shirt-coWar, coat- 
collar, dress-collar, etc. 2. Band worn round 
a dog's neck. 3. Any similar band or circlet. 
4. That part of a horse's harness worn round 
the neck to which the traces are attached. 5. 
Ring, band, or round flange upon or against 
an object, as on an axle to limit the motion 
inward of the hub. [O. Fr. coler; from L. 
collum, neck.] 

COLLAR (kol'ar), vt. [pr.p. COL'LARING; p.t. 
and p.p. COLLARED (kol'ard).] 1. Put a col- 
lar on. 2. Seize by the collar; apprehend; 
arrest. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in 'Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



COLLAR-BONE 



245 



COLLIERY 



COLLAR-BONE (kol'ar-bon), n. In man and 
most mammals the only bone directly con- 
necting the upper extremity with the skeleton 
of the trunk; clavicle. 

COLLATE (kol-laf), vt. [pr.p. COLLA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. COLLA'TED.] 1. Bring together 
for comparison. 2. Examine and compare, 
as hooks, and especially old manuscripts. 
3. Place in order, as the sheets of a book for 
binding. 4. Place in a benefice or confer a 
benefice upon; appoint to a benefice. [L. col- 
latus; from col-, together, and lotus, borne.] 

COLLATERAL (kol-later-al), I. a. 1. Running 
parallel. 2. Not direct or immediate; indirect; 
subordinate. 3. Auxiliary; additional; con- 
current. 4. Descendirg from a common an- 
cestor, but in a different line or branch; 
opposed to LINEAL. II. n. 1. Collateral kins- 
man or kinswoman. 2. Collateral security, 
or property hypothecated in addition to the 
principal obligation. 3. Subo Mnate fact or 
proposition. [L. col-, with, and lotus, lateris, 
side.] 

COLLATERALLY (kol-lat'er-al-i), adv. In a 
collateral manner; indirectly; subordinately. 

COLLATION (kol-la'shun), n. 1. Act of col- 
lating. 2. Result of collating various readings 
of a book or manuscript. 3. Repast between 
meals. 4. Teleg. Repetition of a message by 
an operator at a telegraph station who has 
received it over the line, to the transmitting 
operator at the sending station. 

COLLEAGUE (kol'leg), n. Associate in office 
or in an official body; fellow-member, as in 
a legislature. [Fr. collegue; from L. collega; 
from col-, with, and lego, depute.] 

COLLECT (koi-lekt), v. [pr.p. COLLECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. COLLECT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Assemble 
or bring together. 2. Procure or obtain pay- 
ment of, as a debt. 3. Gain from observation 
or information. II. vi. Accumulate; assemble. 
[L. collectus, p.p. of colligo, collect; from col-, 
together, and lego, gather.] 

COLLECT (kol'ekt), n. Short form of prayer, 
consisting of a single sentence and conveying 
one main petition. 

COLLECTED (kol-lekt'ed), a. 1. Gathered to- 
gether. 2. Composed; cool; dispassionate; 
self-possessed. 

COLLECTEDLY (kol-lekt'ed-li), adv. In a col- 
lected manner. 

COLLECTEDNESS (kol-lekt'ed-nes), n. Self- 
possession. 

COLLECTIBLE (kol-lekt'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being collected. 

COLLECTION (kol-lek'shun), n. 1. Act of col- 
lecting. 2. Money collected, as at a religious 
or public meeting. 3. Assemblage. 

COLLECTIVE (kol-lekt'iv), I. a. 1. Considered 
as forming one mass or sum. 2. Congregated. 
3. Deducing or inferring from premises. 4. 
Gram. Expressing a number or multitude* 
II. n. Gram. Noun signifying a collection of 



persons or things, looked upon by the mind 
as one; as committee, group, team. — Collec- 
tive note, in diplomacy, note signed by all 
the powers represented. 

COLLECTIVELY (kol-lekt'iv-li), adv. In a col- 
lective manner. 

COLLECTIVENESS (kol-lekt'iv-nes), n. State 
of being collective. 

COLLECTIVISM (kol-lekt'iv-izm), n. Doc- 
trine that all the means of production 
should be under state or national control; 
socialism. 

COLLECTOR (kol-lekt'ur), n. 1. One who col- 
lects, or gathers together, works of art, 
antiquities, etc. 2. One who collects money 
from debtors. 3. One who collects tickets from 
passengers. 4. Official employed to collect 
customs, duties, taxes, etc. 5. Electric brush. 
[See BRUSH.] 

COLLECTORATE (kol-lekt'ur-at), n. 1. Dis- 
trict over which the duties of a collector ex- 
tend. 2. Collectorship. 

COLLECTOR-RING (kol-lekt'ur-ring), n. Elec. 
Metal ring or armature to transform alter- 
nating current into a continuous one; some- 
times called collecting-ring. 

COLLECTORSHIP (kol-lekt'ur-ship), n. Office 
or position of a collector. 

COLLEGE (kol'ej), n. 1. Association or body 
of persons possessing exclusive privileges, as 
the college of cardinals at Rome. 2. Incor- 
porated school for advanced instruction. 3. 
Edifice appropriated to a college. — Electoral 
college, whole body of presidential electors who 
are chosen by the voters of the several States 
to elect a president and vice-president of the 
United States. [Fr. college; from L. collegium; 
from col-, together, and lego, collect.] 

COLLEGIAL (kol-le'ji-al), a. Pertaining to a 
college. 

COLLEGIAN (kol-le'ji-an), n. Member of a col- 
lege. 

COLLEGIATE (kol-le'ji-at), ;. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a college. II. n. Collegian. 

COLLET (kol'et), n. 1. Part of a ring in which 
the gem is set. 2. Neck-band. 3. Bot. Neck 
or line of junction between the root and stem 
of a plant. [Fr.; from L. collum, neck.] 

COLLIDE (kol-lid'), vi. [pr.p. COLLI'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. COLLI'DED.] 1. Dash or strike 
violently together. 2. Come into antagonism; 
clash. [L. collido; from col-, together, and 
Icedo, strike.] 

COLLIE, COLLY (kol'i), n. Dog of several 
varieties, commonly kept in Scotland by 
shepherds, and said to be the most sagacious 
of all dogs. [Etym. doubtful.] 

COLLIER (kol'yer), n. 1. One who works in a 
coal-mine. 2. Ship engaged in carrying coal. 
3. Sailor in such a ship. [From COAL.] 

COLLIERY (kol'yer-i), n. [pi. COL'LIERIES.] 
Coal-mining establishment, including the 
mines, buildings, and machinery. 



fate, (at, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, Hh—ch in Scotch loch. 



COLLIGATE 



246 



COLONIAL 



COLLIGATE (kol'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. COL'LIGA- 
T1NG; p.t. and p.p. COL'LIGATED.] Bind to- 
gether; bring together by colligation. [L. 
colligatus, p.p. of coJUgo, bind together.] 

COLLIGATION (kol-i-ga'shun), n. Act of bind- 
ing, fastening, or bringing together. 

COLLIMATE (kol'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. COL'LIMA- 
TING ; p.t . and p.p. COL'LIMATED.] Adjust the 
line of sight of; bring into focus. [L. collimo; 
for colli n co, aim; col-, together, and linea, 
line.] 

COLLIMATION (kol-i-ma'shun), n. Adjustment 
of the line of sight of a telescope. 

COLLI3IATOR (kol'i-ma-tur), n. Subsidiary 
telescope used to detect errors in collimation, 
when adjusting for transit observations. 

COLLIQUANT (kol'i-kwant), a. Susceptible of 
being melted or liquefied. 

COLLISION (kol-lizh'un), n. 1. Act of colliding. 
2. State of being dashed together. 3. Con- 
flict; combat; antagonism. [L. collisio; from 
collisus, p.p of collido, clash together.] 

COLLISION-BULKHEAD (kol-lizh'un-bulk- 

hed), n. Naut. Water-tight extra bulkhead 
near bows of a vessel as safeguard in event 
of a collision. 

COLLISION-MAT (kol-lizh'un-mat), n. Naut. 
Mat or sail of waterproof material used to 
cover rents in the hull of a vessel to stop 
leakage. 

COLLOCATE (kol'o-kat), vt. [pr.p. COL'LOCA- 
TIXG; p.t. and p.p. COLLOCATED.] 1. Place 
together. 2. Place; station; arrange. [L. 
collocatus, p.p. of colloco, place together.] 

COLLOCATION (kol-o-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
placing. 2. Arrangement. 

COLLODION (kol-16'di-on), n. Gluey solution 
of guncotton in alcohol and ethe , used in 
surgery and photography. [Gr. kollodes; from 
kolla, glue, and cidos, form.] 

COLLOID (kol'oid),I. a. 1. Like glue. 2. Non- 
crystalline. II. n. Any soluble substance, 
which, when exposed to dialysis, does not 
pass through the porous membrane, as cellu- 
lose, gum, starch, albumin, etc. [Gr. holla, 
glue, and eidos, form.] 

COLLOIDAL (kol-lold'al), a. Of, pertaining to, 
or partaking of, the nature of colloids. 

COLLOP fkol'up), n. 1. Small slice of meat. 2. 
Piece, fragment, or portion of anything. 
[Etym. doubtful, probably allied to CHAP, 
CHOP, and CHIP.] 

COLLOQUIAL (kol-16'kwi-al), a. Pertaining 
to or used in common conversation; con- 
versational as opposed to literary. 

COLLOQUIALISM (kol-16'kwi-al-izm), n. Form 
of expression used only or chiefly in familiar 
talk or conversation. 

COLLOQUIALLY (kol-16'kwi-al-i), adv. In a 
colloquial manner. 

COLLOQUY (kol'o-kwi), n. [pi. COLLOQUIES 
(kol'o-kwiz).] Speaking together; mutual 
discourse; conversation; dialogue; informal 



conference. [L. colloquium; from col-, to- 
gether, and loqui, speak.] 

COLLOTYPE (kol'o-tip), n. Photographic print 
made from a celluloid or gelatin film. [Gr. 
kolla, glue, and -TYPE.] 

COLLUDE (kol-lod), vi. [pr.p. COLLU'DING; 
p.f. and p.p. COLLU'DED.] Act in concert, 
especially in fraud; connive. 

COLLUSION (kol-lo'zhun), n. 1. Act of col- 
luding. 2. Secret engagement to deceive. 
SYN. Connivance; conspiracy; combine. 

COLLUSIVE (kol-lo'siv), o. Fraudulently con- 
certed; deceitful. 

COLLUSIVELY (kol-16'siv-li), adv. In a col- 
lusive manner. 

COLLUSIVENESS (kol-lo'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being collusive. 

COLLYRITE (kol'i-rit), n. Mining. Aluminous 
clay resembling bauxite. [Gr. kollyrion.] 

COLOCYNTH (kol'o-sinth), n. Med. Dried and 
powdered pulp of a kind of cucumber, used as 
a purgative. [L. ; from Gr. kolokynthis.] 

COLOGNE (ko-16n'), n. City, Rhenish Prussia, 
on the Rhine. 

COLOGNE (ko-16n'), n. Perfumed spirits, first 
made at Cologne, Germany. 

COLOMBIA (ko-lom'bi-a), n. Republic of South 
America, on Caribbean Sea. 

Colombian (ko-iom'M- 

an), n. Native or inhabi- 
tant of Colombia, republic 
in South America. 
COLOMBIN (ko-lom'bin), n. 
Elec. Insulating material 
made of kaolin and the 
sulphates of calcium and 
barium used between the 
split carbons of the Jab- 
lochkoff electric candle. 

Colombo (ko-iom'bo), n. 

Seaport, capital of Ceylon. 
COLON (kolon), n. Gram. 

3Iark ( : ) used to indicate 

a distinct member or clause of a sentence. [Gr. 

kolon, member.] 
COLON (ko'lon), n. Anat. That portion of the 

large intestine which extends from the 

caecum to the rectum. [L. ; from Gr. kolon, 

large intestine.] 
COLON (ko'lon), n. City on the Atlantic coast 

at the entrance to the Panama Canal. 
COLONEL (kur'nel), n. Commanding officer of 

a regiment. [Fr. and Sp. colonel; a corrup. of 

It. colonnello, leader of a colonna or column; 

from L. columna.] 
COLONELCY (kur'nel-si), n. Office or rank of 

a colonel. 
COLONELSHIP ( kur'nel-ship ), n. Same as 

COLONELCY. 
COLONIAL (ko-16'ni-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining 

to a colony. 2. Relating to the States when 

they were British colonies. 3. ^ool. Existing 

in, or forming colonies. 




Rafael Nunez, Co- 
lombian statesman. 
Born 1825 — died 
1894. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf- mute hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



COLONIALISM 



247 



COLOSSEUM 



COLONIALISM (ko-lo'ni-al-izm), n. Trait of 

colonial life or speech. 
COLONIST (kol'o-nist), n. 1. Inhabitant of a 

colony. 2. Zool. Colonial animal; zoophite. 
COLONIZATION (kol-o-ni-za'shun), «. 1. Act 

or practice of colonizing. 2. State of being 

colonized. 
COLONIZE (kol'o-niz), v. [pr.p. COLONIZING; 

p.t. and p.p. COLONIZED (kol'o-nizd).] I. vt. 

1. Plant or establish a colony in. 2. Estab- 
lish as colonists. 3. Give a temporary resi- 
dence to for the purpose of fraudulent voting. 
(Colloq.) II. vi. Settle in a country and 
found a colony. 

COLONNADE (kol-o-nad'), n. Range of columns 
placed at regular intervals. [Fr.; from L. 
columna.] 

COLONY (kol'o-ni), n. [pi. COL'ONIES.] 1. 
Body of persons who form a fixed settlement 
in a foreign country, and remain subject to 
the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2. Settle- 
ment so formed. 3. Place of settlement. 4. 
Community of persons having common in- 
terests. 5. Persons, collectively of the same 
race or nationality, residing in a particular 
locality, as the American colony in Paris. 6. 
Among the Romans, a military settlement 
planted in subject territory. 7. Among the 
Greeks, a band of emigrants impelled to seek 
a new home, and connected with their mother 
city by no stronger tie than that of sentiment. 
8. Aggregation of colonial animals. [L. col- 
onia; from colonus, farmer; from colo^ till.] 

COLOPHONE, COLOPHON (kol'-o-fon), COLO- 
PHONY (kol'6-fon-i), n. 1. Scroll or device 
adopted by printers at the end of a book. 2. 
Residue after distillation of crude turpentine; 
rosin. [L.] 

COLOR (kul'ur), n. 1. Property of objects that 
is distinguished only by the sense of sight. 

2. Hue or tint which an object presents to 
the eye; any of the seven hues of the rainbow, 
or into which light is decomposed by a prism; 
any hue or tint formed by blending any of 
these. 3. Loosely, not only any hue, or blend- 
ing of hues, of the rainbow, but black or white 
as well. 4. Appearance of blood in the face; 
ruddiness. 5. Paint or pigment. 6. False 
show; semblance. 7. Plausibility. 8. Char- 
acter or kind. 9. [pi.] Flag; ensign; standard; 
badge. 10. Law. Appearance or prima facie 
right, furnishing a reasonable ground for 
action. — Color of office, plausible pretext for 
an act unjustly done through the countenance 
of an office. — Complementary color, one of two 
colors, which, when blended, produce white. 
— Primary colors. 1. Red, yellow, and blue, 
from which the others, called secondary 
colors, can be obtained. 2. The red, green, 
and violet light of the spectrum. — Prismatic 
colors, those into which pure light is resolved 
when transmitted through a triangular glass 
prism; colors of the rainbow. [L. color.] 



COLOR (kul'ur), v. [pr.p. COL'ORING; p.t. and 
p.p. COLORED (kul'urd).] I. vt. Impart 
a color to; give a new color, hue, or tint to; 
paint; dye; stain; tinge. II. vi. 1. Become 
colored; assume a new color. 2. Blush. 

COLORABLE (kulur-a-bl), a. Specious; plausi- 
ble; apparent and not real. 

Colorado (koi-o-ra'do), «. state of u. s., 

capital, Denver. Area 103,969 sq. m. 

Colorado-beetle (koi-o-rado-be-ti), n. 

Potato-bug (Leptinotarsa decemlineata). 

Colorado (koi-o-ra'do) River. Rises in 

Wyoming, falls into Gulf of California. 

COLORATION (kul-ur-a'shun), n. 1. State of 
being colored. 2. Characteristic coloring. 

COLOR-BEARER (kul'ur-bar-er), n. One who 
carries flag of regiment, battalion or army. 

COLOR-BLIND (kul'ur-blind), a. Affected with 
color-blindness. 

COLOR-BLINDNESS (kul'ur-blind-nes), n. Pe- 
culiar defect of sight in which those who are 
affected are incapable of distinguishing differ- 
ent colors. See DEUTERANOPIA, PROTAN- 
OPIA. 

COLORED (kul'urd), a. 1. Having a color. 2. 
Having any color except white or black. 3. 
Presented under fair colors or appearance; 
embellished; exaggerated. 4. Of negro race 
or descent. 

COLORIFIC (kul-ur-if'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
producing colors. 

COLORIMETER (kul-ur-im'e-ter), n. Device 
for measuring density of color. 

COLORING (kul'ur-ing), n. 1. Any substance 
used to give color. 2. Act of giving color to, 
or changing the color of, anything. 3. Color 
applied. 4. Specious appearance. 5. Painting. 
Art of app? ing c lors rroperly. 

COLORIST (kul'ur-ist), n. Artist who exoels in 
coloring. 

COLOR-GUARD (kul'ur-gard), n. Mil. De- 
tachment of soldiers assigned to the duty of 
guarding the colors. 

COLORLESS (kul'ur-les), a. 1. Without color. 
2. Neutral. 

COLOR-LINE (kul'ur-lin), n. Line of social 
distinction drawn between the white people 
and negroes in the United States. 

COLOR-SERGEANT (kul'iir-sar-jent), n. Mil. 
Sergeant who has charge of the colors of a 
regiment. * 

COLOR-WHEEL (kul'ur-hwel), n. Wheel with 
different colored disks for illustrating the 
effect of combined colors. 

COLOSSAL (ko-Ios'al), a. Gigantic; huge; stu- 
pendous. 

COLOSSALLY (ko-los'al-i), adv. In the manner 
of a Colossus. 

COLOSSEUM (kol-o-se'um), n. Amphitheater in 
Rome, begun by Vespasian in A.D. 75 and 
finished by Titus in A.D. 80. It was an ellipse 
620 feet in length by 513 inbreadth. [L., from Gr. 
kolossiaios, colossal; from kolossos, colossus.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. 



COLOSSUS 



248 



COMB 




Colossus. 



Colossus (ko-ios'us), n. [pi. Colossi (ko- 

los'i).] 1. Gigantic statue, 

particularly that of Apollo, 

which stood at the entrance of 

the harbor of Rhodes. 2. Any 

gigantic body. [L. — Gr. ko- 

lossos.] 
COLOSTRATION (kol-os-tra'- 

shun), n. Affliction in newly- 
born children due to astrin- 

gency of the mammary glands 

of the mother. [L. colostralio.] 
COLOUR, (kul'ur), COLOURABLE (kul'fir-a- 

bl), etc. Common spelling in England for 

COLOR, COLORABLE, etc. 
COLPORTAGE (kol'por-taj), n. Distribution 

of books by colporteurs. 
COLPORTEUR, COLPORTER (kol'por-tur), n. 

Vender or distributor of religious books, 

tracts, etc. [Fr. colporteur; from L. collum, 

neck, and porto, carry.] 
COLT (kolt), n. [fern. FIL'LY.] Young horse. 

[A. S.] 
COLTER, COULTER (kol'ter), n. Blade or disk 

on the beam of a plow for cutting the sward. 

[A. S. cutter; from L. cutter, knife.] 
COLTISH (kolt'ish), a. Like a colt; frisky; 

wanton. 
COLTSFOOT (kolts'fot), n. Composite plant 

with large soft leaves, once used for asthma 

and colds. [From the shape of the leaf.] 
COLTSFOOT-ROCK (kolts'fot-rok), n. Cough- 
candy containing extract of coltsfoot leaves. 
COLUBRINE (kol'u-brin), a. Relating to snakes; 

like a snake; cunning. [L. coluber, snake.] 
COLUMBARY (kol'um-ba-ri), n. 1. Dovecote 

or pigeon-house. 2. Arch. Hole left in a wall 

for the insertion of the end of a timber. [L. 

columbarium.] 
COLUMBATE (ko-lum'bat), n. Chem. Salt of 

columbic acid. 
COLUMBIA (ko-lum'bi-a), n. The United States 

of America. [From Columbus. - ] 

Columbia (ko-lum'bi-a), District of. 

Territory of U. S. containing the federal 
capital. (Abbr. D. C.) 

COLUMBIA ( ko-lum'bi-a), n. City, capital of S. 
Carolina. 

COLUMBIAD (ko-lum'bi-ad), n. Large smooth- 
bore cannon, used by the Americans in the 
war of 1812. [From Columbia.] 

COLUMBIAN (ko-lum'bi-an), a. Pertaining to 
Columbia. 

COLUMBIC (ko-lum'bik), a. Produced from 
columbium or niobium. 

COLUMBINE (kol'um-bln), n. I. In pan- 
tomimes, the sweetheart of Harlequin. 2. 
[c-] Bot. Plant of the genus Aquilegia, having 
five colored sepals, which soon fall off, and 
five petals, each terminating below in a horn- 
shaped spur or nectary. [L. columba, 
dove.] 

COLUMBINE (kol'um-bin), a. Of or like a dove; 



dove-colored. [L. columblnus; from columba, 
dove.] 

COLUMBIUM (ko-lum'bi-um), n. Steel-gray 
colored metal. Same as NIOBIUM. 

COLUMBUS (ko-lum'bus), n. City, capital of 
the State of Ohio. 

COLUMEL (kol'u-mel), n. Same as COLUMELLA. 

COLUMELLA (kol-u-mel'a), n. [pi. COLU- 
MEL'L,E.] Small central column, pillar, or 
axis. [L., dim. of columen, column.] 

COLUMN (kol'um), n. 1. In architecture, a 
pillar, usually cylindrical, and consisting of 
a base, a shaft, and a capital, used to support 
or adorn an entablature, balcony, etc. 2. 
Anything analogous to a column r as a com- 
memorative shaft, vertical tube of mercury 
in a thermometer, etc. 3. Perpendicular 
section of a page in printing, or perpendicular 
line of figures in arithmetic. 4. Bot. Stamen 
of a plant, when the filaments are united into 
a tube around the styles. 5. Mil* Body of 
troops drawn up in deep files. 6. Naut. Fleet 
of ships arranged in sailing line of succession. 
LL. columen, columna, column.] 

COLUMNAR (ko-lum'nar), a. 1. Having the 
form of a column. 2. Formed in columns. 

COLUMNED (kol'umd),a. 1. Having columns. 
2. Arranged in columns. 

COLUMNIATION (ko- K 
lum-ni-a'shun), n. Em- 
ployment or arrange- 
ment of columns in a 
design. 

CO LURE (ko-lor), n. 
Astron. and Geol. One 
of two great circles 
passing through the 
equinoxes and solstices respectively and inter- 
secting each other at right angles at the poles. 
[Gr. kolouros, dock-tailed.] 

COLZA (kol'za), n. Species of cabbage, from 
the seeds of which an oil for burning in lamps 
is obtained. [O. Fr. colzat.] 

COM-, prefix. Together; with. [L. cum, with.] 

COMA (ko'ma), n. Morbid deep sleep; stupor; 
lethargy. [Gr. koma, slumber.] 

COMA (ko'ma), n. [pi. CO'M^.] 1. Bot. Downy 
or hairy tuft. 2. Astron. Nebulous envelope 
surrounding the nucleus of a comet. [L.; from 
Gr. kome, hair.] 

CO MATE (ko'mat), a. Hairy; like hair. 

COMATOSE (ko'ma-tos), a. Affected with coma; 
abnormally drowsy. 

COMATOUS (ko'ma-tus), a. Same as COMA- 
TOSE. 

COMB (kom), n. 1. Toothed instrument for 
separating, arranging, or dressing the hair. 

2. Anything of the nature of a comb, as a 
currycomb, card for dressing wool or flax, etc. 

3. Crest of a domestic fowl. 4. Top or crest 
of a wave or of a hill. 5. Aggregation of cells 
for honey; honeycomb. 6. Elec. Grid of a 
storage battery. [A. S. camb.] 




Super Columniation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl. *Aen, kh=ck in Scotch loch. ' 



COMB 



249 



COMFORT 



COMB (kom), v. [pr.p. COMB'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COMBED (komd).] I. vt. 1. Separate, arrange, 
or clean by means of a comb. 2. Dress with 
a comb. II. vi. Break into foam, as the waves 
in the surf. 

COMBAT (kom'bat or kum'bat), n. Fight; 
struggle; warfare; contest. 

COMBAT (kom'bat or kum'bat), v. [pr.p. COM'- 
BATING; p.t. and p.p. COMBATED.] I. vt, 
1. Beat against. 2. Engage or fight with. 
3. Oppose; contend against. II. vi. Contend 
or struggle. [L. com-, with, and batuo, fight.] 

COMBATANT (kom'bat-ant), I. a. Disposed 
•r inclined to combat. II. n. One who fights 
or combats. 

COMBATIVE (kom'bat-iv), a. Inclined to 
quarrel or fight. 

COMBATIVENESS (kom'bat-iv-nes), n. Dis- 
position or propensity to be pugnacious or 
disputatious. 

COMBER (kom'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
combs. 2. Long curling wave ; breaker. 

COMBINABLE (kom-bi'na-bl), a. Capable of 
combining or of being combined. 

COMBINATION (kom-bi-na'shun), n. 1. Act 
of combining. 2. State or condition of being 
combined. 3. Union of individual things. 4. 
Number of persons united for a purpose; 
combine. 5. Union or grouping of certain, 
numbers, quantities or factors in any particu- 
lar manner. 

COMBINE (kom-bin'), v. [pr.p. COMBI'NING; 
p.U and p.p. COMBINED (kom-bind').] I. vt. 
Cause to unite; blend; compound. II. vi. 1. 
Enter into close union. 2. Cooperate. 3. Chem. 
Unite and form a new compound. [L. combino; 
from com-, together, and bini, two and two.] 

COMBINE (kom-bin'), n. Combination of per- 
sons or corporations for the purpose of ad- 
vancing their interests; syndicate; trust; ring. 

COMBINER (kom-bi'ner), n. One who or that 
which combines. 

COMBING (kom'ing), n, 1. Act or process of 
dressing or cleaning with a comb. 2. [pi.] 
What is separated by a comb. 

COMBUSTIBILITY (kom-bus-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
Same as COMBUSTIBLENESS. 

COMBUSTIBLE (kom-bus'ti-bl), I. a. That may 
be set on fire and burned; inflammable. II. 
n. Anything that will take fire and burn; 
inflammable substance. [L. combustus, p.p. 
of comburo, consume or burn up.] 

COMBUSTIBLENESS (kom-bus'ti-bl-nes), n. 
Aptness or readiness to take fire; inflamma- 
bility. 

COMBUSTION (kom-bus'chun), n. 1. Act of 
burning; action of fire on combustible sub- 
stances. 2. Scientific term for all kinds of 
consumption through the influence of heat. 
3. Confusion; turmoil. [L. combustionem; 
from combustum, supine of comburo, burn up.] 

COME (kum), vi. [pr.p. COM'ING; p.t. CAME 
(kam); p.p. COME.] 1. Move or proceed 



hitherdward — used always in respect to the 
place or person toward which the motion or 
procession is intended, and not in respect to 
that left; opposed to GO. 2. Arrive; reach; be 
present. 3. Happen; fall out; occur. 4. Draw 
near in time. 5. Move into view; appear. 6. 
Arrive at a state or condition. — Come, in the 
imperative, is used by way of exhortation, to 
excite attention, or to invite to motion or joint 
action. [A. S. cuman.] 

COMEDIAN (ko-me'di-an), n. Actor of com- 
edy. [Fr. comedien.] 

COMMEDIENNE (ko-ma-di-en), n. Comedy 
actress. [Fr.] 

COMEDOWN (kum'down), n. Downfall. 

COMEDY (kom'e-di), n. [pi. COMEDIES.] Dra- 
matic piece of a pleasant or humorous charac- 
ter, originally accompanied with dancing and 
singing. [Fr. comedie; from L. comedia; from 
Gr. homodia; homos, revel, and ode, song.] 

COMELILY (kum'li-li), adv. In a comely, be- 
coming, or agreeable manner. 

COMELINESS (kum'li-nes), n. Quality of being 
comely. 

COMELY (kum'li), I. a, [comp. COME'LIER; 
superl. COME'LIEST.] 1. Handsome; graceful; 
pleasing. 2. Becoming; decorous; suitable. 
II. adv. Comelily. [A. S. cymlic] 

COMESTIBLE (ko-mes'ti-bl), n. [Generally 
used in plural, COMESTIBLES.] Edible food; 
anything capable 
of being eaten. 

COMET (kom'et) n. 
n. Astron. Lu- 
minous celestial 
body, presenting 
a nucleus or head 
enveloped in a 
coma, with a 
nebulous train or 
projection, and 
moving underthe 
sun's attraction 
on a path form- 
ing an elongated 
ellipse around the 
sun, or some- 
times a parabola 
or even a hyper- 
bola. [Gr. hom- 
etes, long-haired; 
from home, hair.] 

COMETARY(kom'- 
et-a-ri), COM- 
ETIC (kom-ef- 
ik), a. 1. Re- 
lating or pertain- 
ing to a comet. 
2. Of the nature 
of a comet. 

COMFIT (kum'flt), 

n. Desiccated sweetmeat; confection; candy. 

COMFORT (kum'furt), vt. [pr.p. COM'FORT- 




Comets : 1 . Comet A 191 0. 
2. Halley's Comet, show- 
ing course through the 
Earth's orbit in 1910. 



fate, fat, task, far .fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



COMFORT 



250 



COMMENCE 



ING; p.*. and p.p. COMFORTED.] 1. Console; 
solace; cheer. 2. Law. Afford aid or coun- 
tenance to ; abet. [O. Fr. comforter; from L.L. 
conforto, make strong; from L. con-, with, and 
fort is, strong.] 

SYN. Solace; console; encourage; cheer; 
enliven; invigorate; inspirit; gladden; re- 
fresh; strengthen; confirm. ANT. Desert; 
forsake. 

COMFORT (kum'furt), n. 1. Relief afforded 
in time of trouble. 2. Consolation; encourage- 
ment; solace. 3. Quiet enjoyment; ease. 4. 
Whatever gives ease, enjoyment, etc. 5. 
Subject of satisfaction. 6. Law. Support or 
countenance. 7. Wadded bedquilt or com- 
forter. 

COMFORTABLE (kum'furt-a-bl), I. o. Im- 
parting or enjoying comfort. II. w. Wadded 
bedquilt or comforter. 

COMFORTABLY (kum'furt-a-bli), adv. In a 
comfortable manner. 

COMFORTER (kum'furt-er), n. 1. One who 
administers comfort. 2. Wadded bedquilt. 
3. Long, narrow woolen scarf or tippet. 

COMFORTLESS (kum'furt-les), a. Without 
comfort; disconsolate. 

COMFREY (kum'fri), n. Bot. Coarse perennial 
herb, formerly much prized as a vulnerary. 
[O. Fr. cumfirie.] 

COMIC (kom'ik), a. 1. Relating to comedy. 2. 
Raising mirth; droll; ludicrous. [Gr. komi- 
kos, belonging to comedy.] 

COMICAL (kom'ik-al), a. Funny; queer; ludi- 
crous. 

COMICALITY (kom-i-kal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of 
being comical. 2. That which is comical. 

COMICALLY (kom'ik-al-i), adv. In a comical 
manner. 

COMICALNESS (kom'ik-al-nes), n. Quality of 
being comical. 

COMIQUE (ko-mek'), n. Comic actor or singer. 
[Fr.] 

COMITY (kom'i-ti), n. Courteousness; civility. 
— Comity of nations, international courtesy 
by which effect is given to the laws of one state 
within the territory of another state. [L. 
comitas; from comis, courteous.] 

COMMA (kom'a), n. 1. Punctuation-mark (,) de- 
noting the smallest division of a sentence. 2. 
Music. Enharmonic interval. — Comma bacil- 
lus, comma-shaped microbe of Asiatic chol- 
era. [L. ; from Gr. komma; from kopto, cut 
off.] 

COMMAND (kom-mand'), v. [pr.p. COMMAND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMAND'ED.] I. vt. 1. 
Order with authority; bid; enjoin. 2. Exer- 
cise supreme authority over. 3. Have with- 
in sight, influence or control. 4. Exact; de- 
mand; call for. II. vi. Have chief authority; 
govern; rule. [Fr. commander; from L. com- 
mendo, give in charge, command.] 

COMMAND (kom-mand'), n. 1. Right to com- 
mand; control; leadership. 2. Order given 



with authority; mandate. 3. Power; author- 
ity. 4. Act or power of keeping in restraint 
or control. 5. Ability to overlook or domi- 
nate. 6. That which is commanded, or is un- 
der the control of a commander, as a body of 
troops or a military district. 

SYN. Order; control; sway; power; au- 
thority; government; management; ascend- 
ency; supremacy; charge; mandate; in- 
junction; direction; behest; precept; decree. 
ANT. Obedience; submission. 

COMMANDANT (kom-mand-anf), n. Officer 
who has the command of a place or of a body 
of troops. 

COMMANDEER (kom-an-der'), vt. [pr.p. COM- 
MANDEERING; p.t. and p.p. COMMAN- 
DEERED, (kom-an-derd').] Force temporarily 
or otherwise into the military service. [S. 
Afr. E.] 

COMMANDER (kom-mand'er), n. 1. One who 
commands. 2. Naval officer next below a 
captain, and ranking with a lieutenant-colonel 
of the army. 

COMMANDERY (kom-mand'er-i), n. District 
under a commander, especially in secret so- 
cieties. 

COMMANDING (kom-mand'ing), a. Fitted to 
command, impress, or control. 

COMMANDINGLY (kom-mand'ing-li), adv. In 
a commanding manner. 

COMMANDMENT (kom-mand'ment), n. 1. 
Command; edict; order; mandate. 2. Pre- 
cept. 3. Law, especially one of the "Ten 
Commandments" or decalogue. 

COMMANDRY (kom-mand 'ri), n. Same as 
COMMANDERY. 

COMMEASURABLE (kom-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. 
Same as COMMENSURABLE. 

COMMEMORABLE (kom-mem'o-ra-bl), a. 
Memorable. 

COMMEMORATE (kom-mem'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. 
COMMEMORATING ; p.t. and p.p. COMMEM'- 
ORATED.] Call to remembrance by a solemn 
or public act; celebrate; preserve the memory 
of. [L. commemoratus, p.p. of commemoro, 
call in mind; from com-, together, and memor, 
mindful.] 

COMMEMORATION (kom-mem-o-ra'shun), n. 
Act of commemorating; public celebration. 

COMMEMORATIVE (kom-mem'o-ra-tiv), a. 
Tending or serving to commemorate. 

COMMEMORATOR (kom-mem'o-ra-tur), n, 
One who commemorates. 

COMMEMORATORY (kom-mem'o-ra-to-ri), a. 
Commemorative. 

COMMENCE (kom-mensO, v. [pr.p COMMEN- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. COMMENCED (kom- 
menst').] I. " vt. Give a beginning or origin to; 
start or originate; enter upon. II. vi. 1. Begin; 
take rise. 2. In England, take a university 
degree. [Fr. commencer; from L. com-, to- 
gether, and initio, begin.] 

SYN. Begin; initiate; start; open; o rig- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



COMMENCEMENT 



251 



COM3IISSION 












inate; undertake. ANT. End; complete; 
finish; terminate. 

COMMENCEMENT (kom-mens'ment), n. 1. 
Beginning. 2. At certain English universities 
act of taking the degrees. 3. Graduating ex- 
ercises or celebration incident to the closing of 
a school term. 

COMMEND (kom-mend'), vt. [pr.p. COMMEND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMEND 'ED.] 1. Com- 
mit to one's charge; intrust. 2. Represent as 
deserving of notice, regard, or favor. 3. 
Praise; approve. [L. commendo; from com-, 
with, and mando, trust.] 

COMMENDABLE (kom-mend'a-bl), a. Worthy 
of being commended or praised. 

COMMEND ABLENESS ( kom-mend 'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being commendable. 

COMMENDABLY (kom-mend'a-bli), adv. In a 
commendable manner. 

COMMENDATION (kom-men-da'shun), n. 1. 
Act of commending; praise. 2. Declaration 
of esteem. 3. Ground or reason for praise or 
approval. 

COMMENDATORY (kom-mend'a-to-ri), a. 1. 
Containing praise or commendation. 2. 
Presenting to favorable notice or recep- 
tion. 

COMMENSAL (kom-men'sal), I. a. Pertaining 
to, or living as, a commensal. II. n. Biol. 
Plant or animal living off another without be- 
ing parasitical, as an actinia which fixes itself 
on the back of a crab. [L. com-, together, 
and tnensa, table.] 

COMMENSURABLE (kom-men'su-ra-bl), a. 
Having a common measure. [L. com-, with, 
and mensura, measure.] 

COMMENSURATE (kom-men'su-rat), vt. [pr.p. 
COMMEN'SURATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- 
MEN'SURATED.] 1. Reduce to a common 
measure. 2. Proportionate. [L. com-, with, 
and mensura, measure.] 

COMMENSURATE (kom-men'su-rat), o. Com- 
mensurable. 

COMMENSURATELT (kom-men'su-rat-li), adv. 
In a commensurate manner. 

COMMENSURATENESS (kom-men'su-rat-nes), 
n. Quality of being commensurate. 

COMMENSURATION (kom-men-su-ra'shun), n. 
1. Act or process of commensurating. 2. 
State of being commensurated. 

COMMENT (kom'ent), vi. [pr.p. COMMENT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMMENTED.] 1. Make 
explanatory or critical notes. 2. Make re- 
marks or observations upon any subject. [L. 
commentor, reflect upon.] 

COMMENT (kom'ent), n. 1. Note conveying an 
illustration, explanation, or criticism. 2. Re- 
mark or observation in explanation or 
criticism. 

COMMENTARY (kom'en-ta-ri), n. [pi. COM'- 
MENTARIES.] 1. Book consisting of a reg- 
ular series of comments or notes on another 
book. 2. Comment. 



COMMENTATION (kom-en-ta'shun), n. Anno- 
tation. 

COMMENTATOR (kom'en-ta-tur), n. Writer 
of comments; annotator. 

COMMENTER (kom'en-ter), COMMENTOR 
(kom'en-tur), n. One who makes comments 
or remarks. 

COMMERCE (kom'ers), n. 1. Interchange of 
merchandise on a large scale between nations 
or individuals; extended trade or traffic. 2. 
Intercourse. 3. Name of a game of cards. 
— Chamber of commerce, association of mer- 
chants for the encouragement of trade. [Fr. ; 
from L. commercium; from com-, with, and 
merx, mercis, merchandise.] 

COMMERCIAL (kom-mer'shal), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to commerce. 2. Engaged in traffic. 3. 
Used in or for commerce. 

COMMERCIALISM (kom-mer'shal-izm), n. 1. 
Trading spirit. 2. Domination of this spirit 
in the social life. 

COMMINATION (kom-i-na'shun), n. Denun- 
ciation; threatening. [L. comminatlo; com-, 
with, and minor, threaten.] 

COMMINATORY (kom-min'a-to-ri), a. Denun- 
ciatory. 

COMMINGLE (kom-ming'gl), v. [pr.p. COM- 
MINGLING; p.t. and p.p. COMMINGLED 
(kom-ming'gld).] I. vt. Mingle or mix to- 
gether; blend. II. vi. Become mingled or 
blended; coalesce. [COM- and MINGLE.] 

COMMINUTE (kom'i-nut), vt. [pr.p. COMMI- 
NUTING; p.t. and p.p. COMMINUTED.] Re- 
duce to minute particles; pulverize. [L. com-, 
together, and minuo, make smaller.] 

COMMINUTION (kom-i-nu'shun), n. 1. Pul- 
verization. 2. Surg. Compound fracture. 

COMMISERATE (kom-miz'er-at), vt. [pr.p, 
COMMISERATING; p.t. and p.p. COMMIS'- 
ERATED.] Feel or manifest pity for; condole 
with; compassionate. [L. com-, with, and 
miseror, pity; from miser, wretched.] 

COMMISERATION ( kom-miz-er-a'shun ), n. 
Concern for the suffering of others; pity. 

COMMISERATIVE (kom-miz 'er-a-tiv), a. 
Feeling or expressing sympathetic sorrow. 

COMMISERATOR (kom-miz'er-a-tur), n. One 
who commiserates. 

COMMISSARIAL (kom-i-sa'ri-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to a commissary. 

COMMISSARIAT (kom-i-sa'ri-at), n. 1. De- 
partment charged with the furnishing of pro- 
visions, as for an army. 2. Supply of pro- 
visions. 3. Office of a commissary. 

COMMISSARY (kom'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. COM'MIS- 
SARIES.] 1. One to whom a charge is com- 
mitted. 2. One of the many officers charged 
with furnishing provisions, etc., to an army. 
[L. commissum, p.p. of committo, commit.] 

COMMISSARY -GENERAL (kom'i-sa-ri-jen-er- 
al) t n. Head of the subsistence department of 
the army, having charge of the commissaries. 

COMMISSION (kom-mish'un), n. 1. Act of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



COMMISSION 



252 



COMMONS 



committing. 2. That which is committed; 
charge; trust. 3. Writing conferring certain 
powers or authority. 4. Body of persons 
appointed to perform certain duties. 5. Doc- 
ument appointing one to hold a designated 
military or civil office. 6. Percentage paid 
in a transaction to an active agent. — Put a ship 
into commission, man and equip it for active 
service. [From COMMIT.] 
COMMISSION (kom-mish'un), vt. [pr.p. COM- 
MISSIONING; p.t. and p.p. COMMISSIONED 
(kom-mish'und).-] 1. Give a commission to. 

2. Put into commission. 
COMMISSIONAIRE (kom-mish-un-ar'), n. Same 

as COMMISSIONNAIRE. 

COMMISSIONER (kom-mish'un-er), n. 1. 
Person who has a commission to perform 
some office or business. 2. Head of a gov- 
ernment bureau, as commissioner of pensions, 
commissioner of internal-revenue, etc. 

COMMISSIONNAIRE ( kom-mish-un-ar' ), w. 
Messenger, or light porter; one employed 
about public places and hotels to undertake 
light commissions. [Fr.] 

COMMISSURE (kom'i-sur), n. Joint; seam; 
suture; point of junction, as of the corners of 
the lips, eyelids, etc. [L. commissural 

COMMIT (kom-mit), vt. [pr.p. COMMITTING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMMITTED.] 1. Give in charge 
or trust; consign. 2. Do; perform; perpetrate. 

3. Compromise; involve; pledge; endanger. 

4. Refer, as a bill to a committee. 5. Send 
to prison. — Commit to memory, learn off by 
heart; memorize. [L. committo; from com-, 
together, and mitto, send.] 

SYN. Intrust; confide; consign; deposit; 
pledge; give; deliver; execute; perpetrate; 
enact; perform; imprison; engage; impli- 
cate; compromise; endanger. 

COMMITMENT (kom-mit'ment), n. 1. Act of 
committing. 2. Order for sending to prison. 
3. Imprisonment. 

COMMITTAL, (kom-mit'al), n. 1. Commitment. 

2. Pledge, actual or implied. 
C03IMITTEE (kom-mit'e), n. Person or persons 

appointed to examine, consider, and report 

on any matter or business. 
COMMIX (kom-miks'), v. [pr.p. COMMIXING; 

p.t. and p.p. COMMIXED (kom-mikst').] I. vt. 

Mix together. II. vi. Mix or coalesce. [COM- 

and MIX.] 
COMMIXTURE (kom-miks'tur), n. 1. Act of 

mixing together. 2. State of being mixed. 

3. Compound formed by mixing. 
COMMODE (kom-mod'), n. 1. Washstand with 

drawers and closet. 2. Night-stool. 
COMMODIOUS (kom-md'di-us), a. 1. Suitable or 

convenient. 2. Roomy; spacious. [L.commo- 

dus; from com-, with, and modus, measure.] 
COMMODIOUSLT (kom-mo'di-us-li), adv. In 

a commodious manner. 
COMMODIOUSNESS (kom-mo'di-us-nes), n. 

State of being commodious. 



COMMODITY (kom-mod'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- 
MODITIES.] 1. Article of traffic or mer- 
chandise. 2. Formerly, any convenience or 
advantage or that which afforded it. [Fr. 
commodite; from L. commoditas; from corn- 
modus, suitable or convenient.] 
COMMODORE (kom'o-dor), n. 1. In the U. S. 
navy, rank next above a captain and below a 
rear-admiral, now abolished. 2. In the 
English navy, rank intermediate between an 
admiral and a captain. 3. Leading ship in a 
fleet of merchantmen. 4. President of a 
yacht-club; also his vessel at a regatta. [Sp. 
comendador; from L. commendo, command.] 
COMMON (kom'un), a. [comp. COM'MONER; 
superl. COM'MONEST.] 1. Belonging equally 
to more than one; public; general. 2. Usual; 
frequent. 3. Easy to be had; ordinary; of 
little value. 4. Vulgar; low. — Common law, 
accepted customary law of the land, as op- 
posed to statute law. — The common people, 
the populace; the masses. [Fr. commun; L. 
communis; com-, with, and munis, serving.] 
COMMON (kom'un), w. 1. Tract of open land, 
used in common by the inhabitants of a town, 
etc. 2. What is usual or common. 3. Law. 
Conjoint possession. — Above the common, 
superior to the generality. — In common, to 
be enjoyed or participated in equally with an- 
other or others. 
COMMONAGE (kom'un-aj), n. 1. Right of 
pasturing on a common. 2. Right of using 
anything in common. 3. Common. 
COMMONALTY (kom'un-al-ti), n. [pi. COM'- 
MONALTIES.] General body of the people 
without any distinction of rank or authority. 
COMMON CHORD (kom'un kard). Music. 
Chord consisting of a fundamental, third and 
fifth. 
COMMONER (kom'un-er), n. 1. One of the 
commonalty. 2. Member of the British House 
of Commons. 3. One who has a joint right in 
common ground. 4. Student of the second 
rank in the university of Oxford. 
COMMONLY (kom'un-li), adv. 1. Generally; 
frequently; usually; freely; widely. 2. 

Poorly; meanly. 
COMMONNESS (kom'un-nes), n. State or 
quality of being common; frequency; triteness. 
COMMONPLACE (kom'un-plas), I. a. Common; 
ordinary; hackneyed; trite. II. n. 1. Com- 
mon topic or subject; platitude. 2. Mem- 
orandum or note. 
COMMONPLACE (kom'un-plas), v. [pr.p. COM'- 
MONPLACING; p.t. and p.p. COMMON- 
PLACED (kom'un-plast).] I. vt. Reduce to or 
arrange under general heads. II. vi. Make 
notes or memoranda in a commonplace-book. 
COMMONPLACE-BOOK (kom'un-plas-bok), n. 
Book in which things to be remembered are 
arranged under general heads. 
COMMONS (kom'unz), n.pl. 1. Commonalty. 
2. Members of the House of Commons, or 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c7i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



COMMON SENSE 



253 



COMMUTER 



lower house of Parliament in Great Britain 
or Canada. 3. Food provided at a common 
table, as in certain colleges. 4. Food in general ; 
rations. — Short commons, small allowance of 
food; scant fare; short rations. 

COMMON SENSE (kom'un sens). Good sense or 
practical sagacity; average understanding. 

COMMONWEAL (kom'un-wel), n. Common- 
wealth. — The common weal, the common 
good; public welfare. 

COMMONWEALTH (kom'un-welth), n. 1. 
Body politic or government of a free state or 
nation. 2. The state or nation itself. 3. Whole 
body of people of such a state or nation. 

COMMOTION (kom-mo'shun), n. Excited or 
tumultuous action, physical or mental; tumult. 
[L. com-, together, and moveo, motum, 
move.] 

COMMUNAL (kom'u-nal), a. Of or pertaining 
to a commune. 

COMMUNE (kom'un), «. 1. Smallest territorial 
division in France, governed by a mayor and 
a council. 2. Body of extreme socialists. [Fr.; 
from commune, commonalty.] 

COMMUNE (kom-mun'), vi. [pr.p. COMMU- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. COMMUNED (kom- 
mund').] 1. Converse or talk together. 2. 
Partake of the eucharist. [O. Fr. comuner, 
share; from comun, common.] 

COMMUNE (kom'un), n. Communion. 

COMMUNIC ABILIT T ( kom-mu-ni-ka-bil'i-ti) , 
n. Capability of being imparted or com- 
municated. 

COMMUNICABLE (kom-mu'ni-ka-bl), a. 1. 
Capable of being communicated. 2. Com- 
municative; affable. 

COMMUNICABLY (kom-mu'ni-ka-bli), adv. 
By way of communication. 

COMMUNICANT (kom-mu'ni-kant), n. 1. One 
who partakes of the eucharist. 2. One who 
communicates. 

COMMUNICATE (kom-mu'ni-kat), v. [pr.p. 
COMMUNICATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- 
MUNICATED.] I. vt. 1. Impart knowledge 
of; make aware of. 2. Transmit; impart. 

3. Administer the communion to. II. vi. 1. 
Have communion. 2. Have means of com- 
munication; be connected. 3. Partake of the 
eucharist. [L. communico; from communis, 
common.] 

SYN. Tell; inform; unfold; report; reveal; 
announce; declare; mention; divulge; dis- 
close; acquaint; publish; promulgate. ANT. 
Suppress; conceal; secrete. 
COMMUNICATION (kom-mu-ni-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of communicating. 2. Means of com- 
munication. 3. That which is communicated. 

4. Celebration of the eucharist. 
COMMUNICATIVE (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv), a. 1. 

Inclined to communicate; unreserved. 2. 
Adapted for communication. 
COMMUNICATIVELY (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv-li), 
adv. In a communicative manner. 



COMMUNICATIVENESS (kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv- 
nes), n. Quality of being communicative. 

COMMUNICATOR (kom-mu'ni-ka-tur), n. 1. 
One who communicates. 2. Means of com- 
munication. 

COMMUNICATORY (kom-mu'ni-ka-to-ri), a. 
Imparting or conveying knowledge or infor- 
mation. 

COMMUNION (kom-mun'yun), n. 1. Act of 
communing; mutual intercourse. 2. Union 
in religious service, or body or denomination 
of people who so unite. 3. Celebration of the 
eucharist. 

COMMUNISM (kom'u-nizm), n. 1. Equality of 
distribution of the physical means of life 
and enjoyment. 2. Socialistic reconstruction 
of government by the abolition of private 
property and the transfer of all individual 
resources to the control of the community. 
[Fr. communismeJ] 

COMMUNIST (kom'u-nlst), n. One who believes 
in communism. 

CUMMUNISTIC (kom-u-nis'tik), a. Relating 
to the tenets of communism or communists. 

COMMUNITY (kom-mu'ni-ti), n. 1. Common 
possession or enjoyment. 2. Agreement; 
communion. 3. Body of persons having com- 
mon interests. 4. Public in general. 5. Body 
of persons in the same locality. 6. Monastic 
body. [L. communitas; from communis, 
common.] 

COMMUTABILITY (kom-mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Ca- 
pacity to be commuted. 

COMMUTABLE (kom-mu'ta-bl), a. Capable of 
being commuted. 

COMMUTATION (kom-u-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of commuting. 2. Change or exchange of 
one thing for another. 3. Change of a penalty 
or rate from a greater to a less. — Commuta- 
tion ticket, ticket of admission to a series of 
entertainments, or for a number of fares on a 
railroad, etc., issued at reduced rates. 

COM3IUTATIVE (kom-mu'ta-tiv), a. 1. Rela- 
ting to exchange. 2. Interchangeable. 

COMMUTATIVELY (kom-mu'ta-tiv-li), adv. 
By way of exchange. 

COMMUTATOR (kom'u-ta-tiir), n. Elec. 1. 
Device for reversing an electric current. 2. 
Device for changing alternating into continu- 
ous currents, or vice versa. 

COMMUTE (kom-mut), v. [pr.p. COMMU'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMMU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Change 
from a greater to a less, as to commute a con- 
vict's sentence. 2. Accept a reduction of, as 
to commute the rate of fare on the purchase 
of a round-trip ticket. 3. Elec. Cause to take 
one and the same direction, as to commute a 
number of electric currents. II. vi. Effect 
a commutation; obtain a commutation ticket. 
[L. commuto; from com-, with, and muto, 
change.] 

COMMUTER (kom-mu'ter), n. 1. One who 
commutes. 2. Elec. Commutator. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



como 



254 



COMPASS 



CoMO (ko'mo), n. City, Lombardy, N. Italy, 
on S. W. extremity of Lake of Como. 

COMPACT (kom-pakf), a. 1. Packed together; 
firm; dense; solid; close. 2. Brief; condensed; 
concise; terse. 3. 3Iade up; greatly addicted. 
[L. compactus; from compingo, join together.] 

SYN. Condensed; close; concentrated; 
solid; firm; dense; hard. ANT. Loose; dif- 
fuse; soft. 

COMPACT (kom-pakf), v. [pr.p. COMPACTING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPACT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Press 
closely together; consolidate. 2. Join firmly 
and fitly as in a system. 3. 3Iake up; com- 
pose. II. vi. Become compacted. 

COMPACT (kom'pakt), n. 1. Bargain or agree- 
ment. 2. League; treaty; union. [L. com- 
pactum; from com-, with, and pacisci, make a 
bargain.] 

C03IPACT (kom-pakf), vi. [pr.p. COMPACT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPACT'ED.] Enter into 
a league or agreement. 

COMPACTLY (kom-pakf li), adv. In a compact 
manner. 

COMPACTNESS (kom-pakf nes), n. State or 
quality of being compact. 

COMPANION (kom-panyun), n. 1. One who 
keeps company or frequently associates with 
another; associate. 2. Higher rank of servant, 
who, though receiving pay, stands rather in 
the relation of a friend. 3. Fellow, in a bad 
sense. [L.L. companium, mess; from L. 
com-, with, and panis, bread.] 

COMPANION (kom-pan'yun), n. Naut. 1. 
Skylight or window-frame through which 
light passes to a lower deck or cabin. 2. Com- 
panion-ladder. [O Sp. compafia, outhouse.] 

COMPANIONABLE (kom-pan'yun-a-bl), a. En- 
dowed with the qualities of a good companion; 
agreeable; sociable. 

COMPANIONABLENESS ( kom-pan'yun-a-bl- 
nes), n. Quality of being companionable. 

COMPANION-LADDER (kom-pan'yun-lad-er), 
n. Naut. Ladder by which officers ascend to 
and descend from the quarter-deck. 

COMPANIONSHIP (kom-pan'yun-ship), n. Com- 
pany; association; fellowship. 

COMPANIONWAY (kom-pan'yun-wa), n. Naut. 
Stairway from the deck to a cabin. 

COMPANY (kum'pa-ni), n. [pi. COM'PANIES.] 
1. Any assembly of persons. 2. Number of 
persons associated together for trade, etc. 
3. Guest or guests. 4. Attendant; companion; 
associate. 5. State of being a companion; 
fellowship. 6. Society. 7. Partners whose 
names do not appear in the title or style of the 
firm. 8. Subdivision of a regiment under 
command of a captain. 9. Crew of a ship. 
10. Troupe of performers. — Keep company 
with. 1. Associate with. 2. Court or woo. 
[Fr. compagnie; from L. com-, with, and 
panis, bread.] 

SYN. Assembly; congregation; assem- 
blage; audience; society; group; circle; 



coterie; crowd; troop; crew; corporation; 
association; partnership; firm; concourse; 
gathering; meeting. ANT. Dispersion; 
privacy; seclusion; retirement; loneliness. 

COMPARABLE (kom'pa-ra-bl), a. That may 
be compared; worthy of comparison. 

COMPARABLY (kom'pa-ra-bli), adv. In a 
manner or degree worthy of comparison. 

COMPARATIVE (kom-par'a-tiv), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to comparison. 2. Estimated by compar- 
ing with something else; relative. 3. Gram. 
Pertaining to the second of the three degrees of 
comparison, expressing more or less, or a 
higher or lower degree; distinguished from 
POSITIVE and SUPERLATIVE. 

COMPARATIVE (kom-par'a-tiv), n. Oram. Com- 
parative degree, or word or form denoting it. 

COMPARATIVELY ( kom-par 'a-tiv-li), adv. Rel- 
atively, in a comparative degree. 

COMPARE (kom-par'), v. [pr.p. COMPAR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPARED (kom-pard').] I. vt. 

I. Set together, to ascertain agreement or dis- 
agreement. 2. Liken. 3. Gram. Inflect ac- 
cording to the degrees of quality or quantity. 

II. vi. Hold comparison. [L. comparo, match; 
from com-, together, and paro, make equal.] 

SYN. Parallel; assimilate; collate; esti- 
mate relatively; resemble; ANT. Contrast; 
oppose; dissociate; distinguish; fit. 

COMPARE (kom-par'), n. Fitness to enter into 
comparison; comparison. — Beyond compare, 
without any rival or equal. 

COMPARISON (kom-par'i-sun), n. 1. Act of 
comparing. 2. Capacity of being compared. 
3. Comparative estimate. 4. Bhet. Simile or 
figure by which two things are compared. 
5. Gram. Inflection of adjectives or adverbs 
denoting differences of degree. [L. comparatio; 
from comparo, make equal.] 

COMPARTMENT (kom-parf ment), n. Separate 
part or division of any inclosed space. [Fr. 
compartiment; from L. L. compartimentum; 
from compartio, divide; com-, together, and 
pars, part.] 

COMPASS (kum'pas), n, 1. Circuit; circum- 
ference; circle. 2. Range; scope; reach. 3. 
Due limits or bounds; moderation. 4. Music. 
Range or power of the voice or of any musical 
instrument. 5. Instrument for determining 
direction by means of a poised magnetic 
needle. — Mariner's compass, instrument for 
determining and guiding the course of a ship, 
consisting of a poised magnetic needle at- 
tached to a circular card (called the compass- 
card), on which the thirty-two points of di- 
rection are marked. — Box the compass, see 
BOX, vt. [Fr. compas, circle; from L. com-, to- 
gether, and passus, step.] 

COMPASS (kum'pas), vt. [pr.p. COM'PASSING; 
[p.t. and p.p. COMPASSED (kum'past).] 1. 
Bring about or obtain. 2. Plot; revolve in the 
mind. 3. Surround; attend closely on; ac- 
company, 4. Bend into a curve. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch tjude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



COMPASSABLE 



355 



COMPILATION 



Capable of 




Compass-card. 



COMPASSABLE (kum'pas-a-bl), a. 
being compassed. 

COMPASS-CARD (kum'- , 

pas-kard), n. Circular 
card of a mariner's com- 
pass. See COMPASS. 

COMPASSES (kum'pas- 
ez), n.pl. Instrument 
consisting of two or more 
movable legs, for de- 
scribing circles, etc. 

COMPASS-FLOWER (kum'- 
pas-flow-er), n. Same as 
COMPASS-PLANT. 

COMPASSION (kom-pash'un), n. Fellow-feel- 
ing, or sorrow for the sufferings of another; 
pity. [L. compassio, sympathy.] 

SYN. Pity; sympathy; commiseration; 
pardon. ANT. Condemnation; cruelty; 
hardness; harshness. 

COMPASSIONATE (kom-pash'un-at), a. Feeling 
compassion or pity; merciful. 

COMPASSIONATE (kom-pash'un-at), vt. [pr.p. 
COMPAS'SIONATING; p.t. and p.p. COM- 
PASSIONATED.] Have compassion for; have 
pity or mercy upon. 

COMPASSIONATELY (kom-pash'un-at-li), adv. 
In a compassionate manner. 

COMPASS-PLANE (kum 'pas-plan), n. Plane, 
convex on the under side, for smoothing 
curved timber. 

COMPASS-PLANT (kum'pas-plant), n. Plant of 
the aster family, the Silphium laciniatum, or 
"rosin-weed," the "fixed light position" of 
whose leaves is vertical and directed north and 
south. As a consequence, the leaves stand 
edgewise and twist into the meridian plane. 

COMPASS-SAW (kum'pas-sa), n. Saw that cuts 
in a circular manner. 

COMPATIBILITY (kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being compatible. 

COMPATIBLE (kom-pat'i-bl), a. Consistent 
with; in harmony with; congruous. [L. com-, 
with, and patior, passus, suffer or endure.] 

COMPATIBLY (kom-pat'i-bli), adv. In a com- 
patible manner. 

COMPATRIOT (kom-pa'tri-ut), n. One of the 
same country; fellow countryman. [COM- 
and PATRIOT.] 

COMPEER (kom-per'), n. 1. One who is equal 
to another. 2. Companion; associate. [L. 
compar; com-, with, and par, equal.] 

COMPEL (kom-pel'), vt. [pr.p. COMPELLING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPELLED (kom-peld').] 1. 
Drive or urge forcibly. 2. Obtain by hard 
labor; force; exact. [L. compello; from com-, 
together, and pello, drive.] 

SYN. Oblige; force; coerce; impel; insist. 
ANT. Release; relax; desist; dispel; with- 
draw. 

COMPELLABLE (kom-pel'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being compelled. 

COMPELLATION (kom-pel-la'shun), n. 1. Style 



of address; appellation. 2. Act of addressing. 
[L. compellatio; compello, address.] 

COMPELLATIVE (kom-pel'a-tiv), n. Word 
used in addressing; appellative; appellation. 

COMPELLER (kom-pel'er), n. One who com- 
pels. 

COMPEND (kom'pend), n. Compendium. 

COMPENDIOUS (kom-pen'di-us), a. Summa- 
rized; succinct; in brief compass. 

SYN. Condensed; abridged; concentrated; 
compact; terse; laconic. ANT. Diffuse; 
prolix; copious; verbose. 

COMPENDIOUSLY (kom-pen'di-us-li), adv. In 
a compendious manner. 

COMPENDIOUSNESS (kom-pen'di-us-nes), n. 
Quality of being compendious. 

COMPENDIUM (kom-pen'di-um), n. [pi. COM- 
PEN'DIUMS or COMPENDIA.] Abridgment; 
epitome; summary; abstract. [L., what is 
weighed together.] 

SYN. See ABRIDGMENT. 

COMPENSATE (kom'pen-sat), v. [pr.p. COM'- 
PENSATING; p.t. and p.p. COMPENSATED.] 
I. vt. 1. Reward suitably. 2. Make amends 
for; counterbalance, n. vi. Make amends; 
supply an equivalent. [L. com-, together, 
and penso, freq. of pendo, weigh.] 

COMPENSATION (kom-pen-sa'shun), n. 1. Act 
of compensating. 2. Reward for service. 3. 
Amends for loss sustained. 4. Physics. Neu- 
tralization of opposing forces. 

SYN. Remuneration; pay; recompense; re- 
ward; damages. ANT. Deprivation; injury; 
retribution. 

COMPENSATIVE (kom-pen'sa-tlv), a. Giving 
compensation. 

COMPENSATOR (kom-pen'sa-tiir), n. One who 
or that which compensates. 

COMPENSATORY (kom-pen'sa-to-ri), a. Com- 
pensative. 

COMPETE (kom-pet), vi. [pr.p. COMPE'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPE'TED.] Seek or strive 
with others for something; contend for a prize. 
[L. competo; from com-, together, and peto, 
seek.] 

COMPETENCE (kom'pe-tens), COMPETENCY 
(kom'pe-ten-si), n. 1. Capacity; fitness; suf- 
ficiency. 2. Competent circumstances; ade- 
quate pecuniary support. 3. Legal power or 
capacity; qualification. 

COMPETENT (kom'pe-tent), a. 1. Qualified 
for any purpose or office. 2. Law. Admissi- 
ble, as competent evidence. 

COMPETITION (kom-pe-tish'un), n. Act of 
competing; rivalry. 

COMPETITIVE (kom-pet'i-tiv), a. Pertaining 
to or characterized by competition. 

COMPETITOR (kom-pet'i-tur), n. One who 
competes; rival or opponent. 

COMPETITORY (kom-pet'i-to-ri), a. Engaged 
in or Involving competition. 

COMPILATION (kom-pi-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
compiling. 2. That which is compiled. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



C03IPILE 



256 



COMPLICITY 



COMPILE (kom-pil'), vt. [pr.p. COMPILING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPILED (kom-pild').] Com- 
pose by collecting the material from other 
books. [Fr. compiler; from L. compilo, pillage.] 

COMPILER (kom-pi'ler), n. One who compiles. 

COMPLACENCE (kom-pla'sens), COMPLA- 
CENCY (kom-pla'sen-si), n. 1. Tranquil sat- 
isfaction of mind or heart. 2. Civility; 
courtesy. 

COMPLACENT (kom-pla'sent), a. 1. Showing 
satisfaction; pleased. 2. Inclined to please. 
[L. com-, together, and placeo, please.] 

COMPLACENTLY (kom-pla'sent-li), adv. In a 
complacent manner. 

C03IPLAIN (kom-plan'), vi. [pr.p. COMPLAIN'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLAINED (kom- 
pland').] 1. Express grief, pain, or censure. 

2. Murmur or express a sense of injury. 3. 
Accuse. 4. Make a mournful sound. 5. 
Be ill, as complain of a sore throat. [Fr. com' 
plaindre; from L. com-, together, and plango, 
strike.] 

COMPLAINANT (kom-plan'ant), n. 1. One who 

complains. 2. Law. One who brings suit; 

plaintiff. 
COMPLAINER (kom-plan'er), n. 3Iurmurer; one 

who complains. 
COMPLAINT (kom-plant), n. 1. Expression of 

grief. 2. Representation of pains or injuries. 

3. Remonstrance or finding fault. 4. Cause 
or ground of complaining. 5. Disease or 
ailment. 6. Law. Formal allegation or 
charge. 

COMPLAISANCE (kom'pla-zans), n. Disposi- 
tion to please; obliging civility; courtesy. 
[Fr.] 

COMPLAISANT (kom'pla-zant), a. Showing de- 
sire to please; obliging; polite; courteous. 
See COMPLACENT. [Fr.] 

COMPLAISANTLY (kom'pla-zant-li), adv. In a 
complaisant manner. 

COMPLEMENT (kom'ple-ment), n. 1. That 
which completes or fills up. 2. Full number 
or quantity. 3. State of being complete. 4. 
Accessory. 5. Geom. Any magnitude which, 
with another one, makes up a given magni- 
tude. [L. complementum; from compleo, fill 
full.] 

COMPLEMENTAL (kom-ple-ment'al), a. Com- 
plementary. 

COMPLEMENTARY (kom-ple-ment'a-ri), a. 
Serving to complete; completing. 

COMPLETE (kom-plef), a. 1. Finished; entire. 
2. Free from deficiency; perfect. [L. com- 
pletus, p.p. of compleo; com-, together, and 
pleo, fill.] 

COMPLETE (kom-plef), vt. [pr.p. COMPLE'- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLETED.] 1. Fin- 
ish; accomplish. 2. Make perfect or entire. 

COMPLETELY (kom-plet'li), adv. Fully; per- 
fectly; to completion. 

COMPLETENESS (kom-plet'nes), n. State of 
being complete; perfection. 



COMPLETION (kom-ple'shun), n. 1. Act of 
completing. 2. State of being complete. 3. 
Fulfillment. 

COMPLETIVE (kom-ple'tiv), c. Fulfilling; 
completing. 

COMPLEX (kom'pleks), a. 1. Composed of va- 
rious parts; not simple. 2. Complicated; in- 
tricate. [L. complexus, p.p. of complecto, 
fold together.] 
• SYN. Intricate; involved; abstruse. ANT. 
Plain; obvious; simple; homogeneous. 

C03IPLEX (kom'pleks), n. Complex whole; 
aggregation. 

COMPLEXION (kom-plek'shun), n. 1. Color 
or look of the skin, especially of the face. 2. 
General appearance, temperament, or texture. 
[L. complexion complecto, fold together.] 

COMPLEXION (kom-plek'shun), vt. [pr.p. 
COMPLEX'IONING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLEX- 
IONED (kom-plek'shund).] Give a color to; 
tinge. 

COMPLEXIONAL (kom-plek'shun-al), a. Per- 
taining to the complexion. 

COMPLEXIONED (kom-plek'shund), a. Having 
a certain complexion, or temperament. 

C031PLEXIONLESS ( kom-plek'shun-les ), a. 
Colorless; pale. 

COMPLEXITY (kom-pleks'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- 
PLEXITIES.] State of being complex; com- 
plication; intricacy. 

COMPLEXLY (kom-pleks'li), a. In a complex 
or involved manner. 

COMPLEXNESS (kom-pleks'nes), n. Com- 
plexity. 

COMPLEXUS (kom-pleks'us), n. 1. Compli- 
cated system. 2. Anat. Large muscle of the 
back, passing from the spine to the head. 

COMPLIABLE (kom-pli'a-bl), a. Disposed to 
comply. 

C031PLIANCE (kom-pli'ans), COMPLIANCY 
(kom-pli'an-si), n. 1. Act of complying. 2. 
Complaisance. 

COMPLIANT (kom-pli'ant), a. Yielding; pliant. 

COMPLIANTLY (kom-pli'ant-li), adv. In a 
compliant manner. 

COMPLICACY (kom'pli-ka-si), n. [pi. COM'- 
PLICACIES.] Quality or state of being com- 
plicated. 

COMPLICATE (kom'pli-kat), vt. [pr.p. COM- 
PLICATING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLICATED.] 

1. Render complex; make intricate or in- 
volved. 2. Twist together or entangle. [L. 
com-, together, and plico, plicatum, fold.] 

COMPLICATE (kom'pli-kat), a. Complicated. 
COMPLICATED (kom'pli-ka-ted), a. Intricate; 

involved; confused. 
COMPLICATION (kom-pli-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 

of rendering involved, entangled or intricate. 

2. State of being complicated. 3. Entangle- 
ment; involvement; complexity. 

COMPLICATIVE (kom'pli-ka-tiv), a. Tending 

to complicate. 
COMPLICITY (kom-plis'i-ti), n. [pi. COM- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COMPLIER 



257 



COMPOUND 



PLIC'ITIES.] 1. State or condition of being 
an accomplice. 2. Complexity. [Fr. com,' 
plicite.] 

COMPLIER (kom-pli'er), n. One who complies. 

COMPLIMENT (kom'pli-ment), n. 1. Expres- 
sion of regard or praise. 2. Expression of 
formal respect or civility. [Fr.] 

SYN. Homage; courtesy; flattery. ANT. 
Insult; discourtesy; contempt. 

COMPLIMENT (kom'pli-ment), v. [pr.p. COM'- 
PLIMENTING; p.t. and p.p. COMPLIMENT- 
ED.] I. vt. Pay a compliment to. II. vi. 
Make or exchange compliments. 

COMPLIMENTAL (kom-pli-ment'al), a. Ex- 
pressing or implying compliment. 

COMPLIMENTARY ( kom-pli-ment'a-ri), a. 
Conveying, or expressive of, regard or praise; 
using compliments; by way of compliment. 

COMPLIN, COMPLINE (kom'plin), n. Eccl. Last 
of the canonical hours in the breviary. [Fr. 
complies; from L. completus, finished.] 

COMPLOT (kom'plot), n. Conspiracy; plot. 
[Fr.] 

COMPLOT (kom-plot), v. [pr.p. COMPLOT'TING 
p.f. and p.p. COMPLOT'TED.] I. vt. Contrive; 
plan; plot. II. vi. Combine in a plot; con- 
spire. 

COMPLY (kom-pir), vi. [pr.p. COMPLYING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPLIED (kom-plid').] Yield to 
the wishes of another; agree; consent. [It. 
complire; from L. compleo, fulfill.] 

COMPONENT (kom-po'nent), I. a. Making up; 
forming one of the elements of a compound; 
constituent. II. n. Constituent part. [L. 
componens, pr.p. of compono, compose.] 

COMPORT (kom-port), v. [pr.p. COMPORT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPORTED.] I. vt. 
Conduct or behave. II. vi. Agree or corre- 
spond; suit. [L. comporto; from com-, together, 
and porto, carry.] 

COMPORTMENT (kom-p6rt'ment), n. Behavior; 
bearing; deportment. 

COMPOSE (kom-poz'), v. [pr.p. COMPOSING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPOSED (kom-pozd').] I. vt. 
1. Form by putting two or more parts or 
things together. 2. Place in proper order; 
arrange; dispose. 3. Calm; soothe; tran- 
quilize. 4. Originate or write as author. 5. 
Constitute. 6. Settle, as a dispute. II. vi. 
Work as a composer, or as compositor. [Fr. 
composer; from L. com-, with, and pausa, 
pause.] 

COMPOSED (kom-pozd), a. Settled; quiet; calm. 

COMPOSEDLY (kom-po'zed-li), adv. In a 
composed manner; quietly; calmly. 

COMPOSEDNESS (kom-po'zed-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being composed. 

COMPOSER (kom-po'zer), n. Author, espe- 
cially of a piece of music. 

COMPOSING (kom-pd'zing), a. 1. Forming; 
making; framing. 2. Soothing; quieting. 
— Composing frame, printer's elevated work- 
ing frame, on which the cases of type rest 




obliquely. — Composing machine, machine for 
setting and arranging types, worked by keys 
like a piano. — 
Comp os ing 
stick, instru- 
ment in which 
compositors 
arrange the 
types and ad- 
just them to Composing Stick. 
the length of the lines. 

COMPOSITE (kom-poz'i-te), n. pi. Bot. Largest 
natural order of plants with compound 
flowers. [L.] 

COMPOSITE (kom-poz'it), a. 1. Made up of 
two or more distinct parts. 2. Bot. Belonging 
to the natural order Composite. — Composite 
number. Arith. One which can be measured 
exactly by a number exceeding unity, as 6 by 
2 or 3. — Composite order. Arch. Last of the 
five orders, so called because its capital is 
composed of the Ionic order grafted upon 
the Corinthian. — Composite photograph, one 
formed by combining several. [L. compositus, 
p.p. of compono, compose.] 

COMPOSITION (kom-po-zish'un), n. 1. Act of 
composing. 2. That which is composed, as a 
work in literature, music, or painting. 3. 
Mental constitution. 4. Artistic manner; 
style in writing or painting. 5. Arrangement; 
agreement; compromise. 6. Mech. Com- 
pounding of two velocities or forces into a 
single velocity or force which shall be their 
equivalent. 7. Compound, as of drugs, etc. 
8. Print. Setting up of type. 

COMPOSITIVE (kom-poz'i-tiv), a. 1. Having 
the power of compounding. 2. Compounded; 
composite. 

COMPOSITOR ( kom-poz 'i-tur), n. Print. Per- 
son who sets types. 

COMPOS MENTIS (kom'pos men'tis). Com- 
posed in mind; sane; of sound mind. [L.] 

COMPOST (kom'post), n. 1. Compound or mix- 
ture for fertilizing land. 2. Mixture for plas- 
tering; concrete used by plasterers. [O. Fr.] 

COMPOST (kom'post), vt. [pr.p. COM'POSTING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPOSTED.] 1. Fertilize with 
compost. 2. Plaster; stucco. 

COMPOSURE (kom-po'zhur), n. 
self-possession; tranquillity. 

COMPOTE (kom'pot), n. Fruit 
syrup. [Fr.] 

COMPOUND (kom-pownd'), v. 

POUNDING; p.t, and p.p. COMPOUNDED.] 
I. vt. 1. Mix or combine. 2. Settle or adjust 
by agreement. II. vi. 1. Agree or come to 
terms. 2. Bargain in the lump. — Compound 
a felony, forbear prosecution for a considera- 
tion. [O. Fr.; from L. compono, from com-, 
together, and pono, place.] 

COMPOUND (kom'pownd), a. Composed of a 
number of parts, ingredients, or elements; 
composite. — Compound flower. Bot. Com- 



Calmness; 
preserved in 
[pr.p. COM- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COM POUND 



258 



COMPUNCTION 



posite flower. — Compound fracture. Surg. 
Broken bone, communicating with a co- 
existing skin wound. — Compound interest, 
interest on both the principal sum and the 
accrued interest. 

COMPOUND (kom'pownd), n. Anything com- 
posed of two or more parts, ingredients, or 
elements; compound substance. 

COMPOUNDER (kom-pownd'er), n. One who 
compounds. 

CO MPR ADORE (kom-pra-dor'), n. General 
storekeeper or steward, majordomo or house- 
hold factotum in China. [Sp. comprar, buy.] 

COMPREHEND (kom-pre-hend'), vt. [pr.p. 
COMPREHENDING; p.t. and p.p. COM- 
PREHENDED.] 1. Seize or take up with the 
mind; understand. 2. Comprise or include. 
[L. cotnprehendo, seize.] 

COxMPREHENSIBILITY (kom-pre-hen-si-bil'- 
i-ti), n. Quality or state of being compre- 
hensible. 

COMPREHENSIBLE (kom-pre-hen'si-bl), a. 
Capable of being understood. 

C031PREHENSIBLY (kom-pre-hen'si-bli), adv. 
In a comprehensible manner; so as to be 
understood. 

COMPREHENSION (kom-pre-hen'shun), n. 1. 
Power of the mind to understand. 2. Act of 
comprehending. 3. Logic. Intension of a 
term or the sum of the qualities implied in the 
term. 4. Inclusion. 

COMPREHENSIVE (kom-pre-hen'siv), a. 1. 
Extensive; wide; compendious. 2. Sharp 
of intellect; acute. 

COMPREHENSIVELY (kom-pre-hen' si v-li), 
adv. In a comprehensive manner. 

C03IPREHENSIVENESS(kom-pre-hen'siv-nes), 
n. Quality of being comprehensive. 

COMPRESS (kom-pres'), vt. [pr.p. COMPRESS- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. COMPRESSED (kom- 
prest').] Condense or concentrate. [L. com-, 
together, and pressum, p.p. of premo, 
press.] 

COMPRESS (kom'pres), n. 1. Pad of folded soft 
linen, used with a bandage to preserve a due 
pressure on a wound. 2. Hydraulic or screw- 
press for baling cotton. 

COMPRESSIBILITY (kom-pres-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or condition of being compressible. 

COMPRESSIBLE (kom-pres'i-bl), a. Capable 
of being compressed. 

COMPRESSION (kom-presh'un), n. 1. Act of 
compressing. 2. State of being compressed. 

COMPRESSIVE (kom-pres'iv), a. 1. Able to 
compress. 2. Forced; compulsory. 

COMPRESSOR (kom-pres'ur), n. One who or 
that which compresses. 

COMPRESSURE (kom-presh'ur), n. Act of 
compressing; pressure. 

COMPRISAL (kom-pri'zal), n. Act of com- 
prising. 

COMPRISE (kom-priz'),u*. [pr.p. COMPRISING; 
p.t. and p.p. COMPRISED (kom-prizd').] Con- 



tain; include; comprehend. [Fr. compris, p.p. 
of comprendre, comprehend.] 

SYN. Embrace; include; inclose; con- 
tain; involve; imply; embody. ANT. Ex- 
clude; except. 

COMPROMISE (kom'pro-mlz), n. 1. Settlement 
of differences by mutual concession. 2. Re- 
sult of such settlement. 3. Concession of one's 
theories or principles. 4. Spirit of mutual con- 
cession. [Fr. compromis; p.p. of compro- 
mettre, mutually agree; from L. com-, to- 
gether, promitto, promise.] 

COMPROMISE (kom'pro-mlz), v. [pr.p. COM- 
PROMISING; p.t. and p.p. COMPROMISED 
(kom'pro-mizd).] I. vt. 1. Settle by mutual 
agreement and concession. 2. Involve or 
bring into question; expose to risk, danger, 
or disparagement. II. vi. Accord; agree; 
come to a settlement through mutual con- 
cessions. 

SYN. Arbitrate; compose; adjust; settle; 
endanger; implicate; involve. ANT. Ag- 
gravate; excite; foster; extricate; exonerate. 

COMPROMISED (kom'pro-mlzd), a. Exposed 
to danger or discredit. 

COMPROMISER (kom'pro-mi-zer), n. One who 
compromises or enters into a compromise. 

COMPROMIT (kom-pro-mif), vt. [pr.p. COM- 
PROMIT'TING; p.t and p.p. COMPROMIT- 
TED.] Compromise. 

COMPTOGRAPH (komp'to-graf), n. Machine 
which prints the results of additions made by it. 

COMPTOME- 
TER(komp- 
tom'e-ter), 
n. Machine 
used for a- 
rithmetical 
calculations. 

COMPTROL- 
LER (kon- 
trol'er), w. 
An officer 
whose duty 
it is to ex- 
amine and 
certify pub- 
lic accounts; 
from controle. 




Comptometer. 



controleur; 



controller. [Fr. 
See CONTROL.] 

COMPULSION (kom-pul'shun), n. 1. Act of 
compelling. 2. State or condition of being 
compelled; coercion. [L. compulsio; from 
compulsus, p.p. of compello, compel.] 

COMPULSIVE (kom-pul'siv), a. With power 
to compel; coercive. 

COMPULSORILY (kom-pul'so-ri-li), adv. In a 
compulsory or forcible manner. 

COMPULSORY (kom-pul'so-ri), a. 1. Obliga- 
tory; compelling; coercive. 2. Compelled; 
enforced; necessitated. 

COMPUNCTION (kom-pungk'shun), n. Un- 
easiness of conscience; regret; remorse. [L. 
compuncius, p.p. of compungo, sting.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



COMPUNCTIOUS 



259 



CONCENTRATION 



SYN. Remorse ;regret; sorrow; contrition. 
ANT. Satisfaction; self-complacency; as- 
surance. 

COMPUNCTIOUS (kom-pungk'shus), a. Feeling 
or causing compunction; repentant; remorse- 
ful. 

COMPUTABLE (kom-pu'ta-bl), a. Calculable. 

COMPUTATION (kom-pu-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
computing. 2. Amount computed. 

COMPUTE (kom-put), v. [pr.p. COMPUTING; 
p.f. and p.p. COMPU'TED.] I. vt. Calculate; 
estimate; reckon. II. vi. Make calculations; 
reckon. [L. computo, from com-, together, 
and puto, reckon.] 

COMPUTER (kom-pu'ter), n. One who or that 
which computes; calculator; calculating ma- 
chine. 

COMRADE (kom'rad), n. Close companion; 
intimate associate. [Sp. camarada; L. cam- 
era, chamber.] 

COMRADESHIP (kom'rad-ship), n. State of 
being comrades; fellowship. 

CoMPTISM (kompt'izm or kongt'izm), n. Phil- 
osophical system of August Compte the found- 
er of positivism (1798-1857). 

CoMUS (ko'mus), n. Greek Myth. 1. God of 
mirth or revelry. 2. [c-] Revel. [L.; from Gr. 
homos, revel.] 

CON (kon), I. adv. Contraction of L. contra, 
against as in PRO AND CON, for and against. 
II. n. Opposing side, argument, vote, etc. 

CON-, prefix. With; together; form which the 
Latin preposition cum assumes in composition 
before all consonants, except the labials o, p, 
and m, and sometimes /. 

CON (kon), vt. [pr.p. CON'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
CONNED (kond).] 1. Study carefully. 2. 
Commit to memory. 3. Naut. Direct the 
steering of, as to con a ship. — Conning tower, 
pilot-house of a war-ship. [A. S. cunnian, 
try to know; from cunnan, know.] 

CONCATENATE (kon-kat'e-nat), vt. [pr.p. 
CONCATENATING; p.t. and p.p. CONCATE- 
NATED.] Chain or link together; connect in 
a series. [L. con-, together, and catena, 
chain.] 

CONCATENATION (kon-kat-e-na'shun), n. 1. 

- Series of things depending on each other. 2. 
Act of linking. 

CONCAVE (kon'kav), a. Curved, vaulted, or 
arched, applied to the inner side of any curved 
line or rounded body, and opposed to CONVEX, 
which is applied to the outside. [L. concavus; 
from con-, together, and cavus, hollow.] 



Concave. 



Concavo-concave. 



CONCAVITY (kon-kav'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of 
being concave. 2. Inner surface of a con- 
cave body. 



CONCAVO-CONCAVE (kon-ka'vo-kon-kav), a. 
Concave on both sides. 

CONCAVO-CONVEX (kon-ka'vo-kon-veks), a. 
Concave on one side and convex on the other. 

CONCEAL (kon-seT), vt. [pr.p. CONCEALING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCEALED (kon-seld).] Hide 
or cover from sight or observation; keep 
secret; disguise; keep from telling. [O. Fr. 
conceler; from L. concelo; con-, together, and 
celo, hide.] 

SYN. Hide; secrete; disguise; dissemble; 
screen; suppress. ANT. Reveal; manifest; 
exhibit; disclose; divulge; confess; publish; 
promulgate. 

CONCEALABLE (kon-sel'a-bl), a. That may be 
concealed. 

CONCEALER (kon-sel'er), n. One who conceals. 

CONCEALMENT (kon-sel'ment), n. 1. Act of 
concealing; secrecy; disguise. 2. Hiding- 
place. 

CONCEDE (kon-sed), vt. [pr.p. CONCE'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCE'DED.] 1. Cede or give 
up; yield; surrender. 2. Admit or grant. [L. 
concedo; from con-, together, and cedo, yield.] 

CONCEIT (kon-set), n. 1. Overestimate of 
one's self. 2. Pleasant, fantastical, or affect- 
ed notion. [L. conceptus, p.p. of concipio, 
conceive.] 

CONCEITED (kon-set'ed), «. Having a high 
opinion of one's self; egotistical. 

CONCEIVABLE (kon-sev'a-bl), a. That may be 
conceived; imaginable. 

CONCEIVE (kon-sev'), v. [pr.p. CONCEIVING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCEIVED (kon-sevd').] I. vt. 
1. Receive into and form in the womb. 2. 
Form in the mind; think; imagine; under- 
stand. II. vi. 1. Become pregnant. 2. Im- 
agine; understand. [O. Fr. concever; from 
L. concipio; from con-, together, and capio, 
take.] 

SYN. Imagine; apprehend; believe; de- 
sign; suppose. ANT. Produce; express; 
propound; declare; execute; misconceive. 

CONCEIVER (kon-sever), n. One who con- 
ceives. 

CONCENTER, CONCENTRE (kon-sen'ter), v. 
[pr.p. CONCENTERING, CONCENTRING; p.t. 
and p.p. CONCEN'TERED, CONCEN'TRED 
(kon-sen'terd).] I. vt. Bring or direct to a 
common center or point; focus. II. vi. Tend 
to or meet in a common center; be concentric. 
[Fr. concentrer; from L. con-, with, and cen- 
trum, center.] 

CONCENTRATE (kon-sen'trat or kon'sen-trat), 
v. [pr.p. CONCENTRATING; p.t. and p.p. 
CONCENTRATED.] I. vt. 1. Bring towards 
a common center. 2. Bring into a closer 
union. 3. Render more intense the proper- 
ties of; condense. II. vi. 1. Meet at or be 
conveyed toward a point. 2. Be concentrated 
or directed. [L. con-, together, and centrum, 
center.] 

CONCENTRATION (kon-sen-tra'shun), n. 1. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CONCENTRATIVE 



260 



CONCILIATOR 



Act of concentrating. 2. State of being con- 
centrated. 

CONCENTRATIVE (kon-sen'tra-tiv), a. Tend- 
ing to concentrate; concentrating. 

CONCENTRIC (kon-sen'trik), a. Having a com- 
mon center. 

CONCENTRICALLY (kon-sen'trik-al-i), adv. 
So as to possess the same center. 

CONCENTRICITY (kon-sen-tris'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being concentric. 

CONCEPT (kon'sept), n. Representation in the 
mind answering to a general name; mental 
representation. [L. conceptus, p.p. of con- 
cipio, conceive.] 

CONCEPTACLE (kon-sep'ta-cl), n. 1. Bot. 
Pericarp of one valve; follicle. 2. Biol. Cav- 
ity inclosing the reproductive cells in certain 
plants and animals. [L. con-, together, and 
capio, take.] 

CONCEPTION (kon-sep'shun), w. 1. Act of 
conceiving. 2. That which is conceived; 
fancy; plan; concept. 3. Cognition of classes, 
as distinguished from individuals; power to 
think the many into the one. 

CONCEPTIVE (kon-sep'tiv), a. Capable of 
conceiving mentally. 

CONCEPTUAL (kon-sep'tu-al), a. Pertaining 
to conception. 

CONCERN (kon-sern'), vt. [pr.p. CONCERNING ; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCERNED (kon-sernd').] 1. 
Relate or belong to. 2. Affect or interest. 3. 
Make uneasy; trouble. 4. Have to do with. 
[L. con-, together, and cerno, discern.] 

CONCERN (kon-sern'), n. 1. That which con- 
cerns or is of interest or importance to one. 2. 
Affair; business; matter. 3. Importance; 
moment; weight. 4. Anxiety; solicitude. 5. 
Business establishment; firm. 

SYN. Transaction; care; carefulness; 
uneasiness; interest; moment; conse- 
quence; establishment. ANT. Indiffer- 
ence; disregard; carelessness. 

CONCERNED (kon-sernd'), a. 1. Having con- 
nection with; interested. 2. Anxious or so- 
licitous. 

CONCERNING (kon-sern'ing), prep. Regarding; 
pertaining to. 

CONCERNMENT (kon-sern'ment), n. 1. Thing 
In which one is concerned. 2. Affair. 3. 
Importance. 4. Interest. 5. Interference. 
6. Anxiety; solicitude; care. 

CONCERT (kon-serf), v. [pr.p. CONCERTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCERT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Frame 
or devise together. 2. Arrange; adjust. II. 
vl. Act in accord. [Fr. concerter; from L. 
consertus, p.p. of consero, join together — con-, 
together, and sero, join.] 

CONCERT (kon'sert), n. 1. Union or agreement 
In any undertaking. 2. Musical harmony. 
3. Musical entertainment. 

CONCERTED (kon-sert'ed), a. 1. Mutually 
planned or devised. 2. Music. Arranged in 
parts for several voices or instruments. 




CONCERTINA (kon-ser-te'na), n. 
strument similar to an 
accordion. 

CONCERTO (kon-ser'to), 
n. Musical composition 
for a solo instrument, 
with orchestral accom- 
paniments. [It.] 

CONCESSION (kon-sesh'- 

un), n. 1. Act of con- Concertina. 

ceding. 2. Thing conceded; grant or privilege. 

CONCESSIONAIRE (kang-sesh-un-ar'), n. One 
who has been granted a concession. [Fr.] 

CONCESSIONARY (kon-sesh'un-a-ri), o. Grant- 
ed as a concession; conceded. 

CONCESSIONER (kon-sesh'un-er), n. Conces- 
sionaire. 

CONCESSIONIST (kon-sesh'un-ist), n. One who 
concedes or favors concession. 

CONCESSIVE (kon-ses'iv), I. a. Implying con- 
cession. II. n. Gram. Concessive word or 
clause. 

CONCETTO (kon-chet'd), n. [pi. CONCETTI 
(kon-chet'e).] Ingenious turn of expression; 
verbal conceit; affected phrase. [It.] 

CONCH (kongk), n. 1. Marine shell, especially 
one of spiral form. 2. Arch. Semi-dome of an 
apse, or the apse itself. [L. concha; from Gr. 
konche, shell.] 

CONCHA (kong'ka), n. [pi. CONCHA (kong'kg).] 
1. Anat. Central cavity of the outer ear; 
outer ear. 2. Arch. Conch. [L.] 

CONCHOID (kong'koid), n. Geom. Plane curve 
invented to solve the problem of trisecting a 
plane angle, doubling the cube, etc. [Gr. 
konche, shell, and eidos, form.] 

CONCHOIDAL (kong-koi'dal), a. Min. Frac- 
turing with shell-like surfaces. 

CONCHOLOGICAL (kong-ko-loj'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to conchology. 

CONCHOLOGIST (kong-kol'o-jist), n. One 
versed in conchology. 

CONCHOLOGY (kong-kol'o-ji), n. Branch of 
zoology which treats of the shells of mollusks. 
[Gr. konche, shell, and -OLOGY.] 

CONCHOSCOPE (kong'ko-skop), n. Device for 
making internal examination of the nasal 
cavities. [Gr. konche, shell, and skopos, 
watcher.] 

CONCIERGE (kang-syarzh'), n. In France, 
doorkeeper of a palace, hotel, prison, etc. [Fr.] 

CONCILIATE (kon-sil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. CONCIL'- 
IATING; p.t. and p.p. CONCILIATED.] 1. 
Gain or win over. 2. Pacify. [L. conciliatus, 
p.p. of concilio, reconcile.] 

SYN. Reconcile; appease; propitiate. 
ANT. Irritate; displease; alienate; estrange. 

CONCILIATION (kon-sil-i-a'shun), n. Act of 
conciliating. 

CONCILIATIVE (kon-sil'i-a-tiv), a. Concili- 
atory. 

CONCILIATOR (kon-sil'i-a-tur), n. One who 
conciliates. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CONCILIATORY 



261 



CONCRETE-MASONRY 



CONCILIATORY (kon-sil'i-a-to-ri), a. Tending 
to conciliate. 

CONCISE (kon-sis'), a. Condensed and com- 
prehensive; succinct; terse. [L. concisus, p.p. 
of concido, cut short.] 

SYN. Brief; summary; compendious; 
comprehensive; pithy. ANT. Diffuse; pro- 
lix; verbose. 

CONCISELY (kon-sis'li), adv. In a concise 
manner or style. 

CONCISENESS (kon-sls'nes), n. Quality of being 
concise; brevity; succinctness; terseness. 

CONCLAVE (konklav), n. 1. Secret assembly 
or council. 2. Body of cardinals. 3. Room 
in which cardinals meet to elect a pope. [L. ; 
from con-, with, and clavis, key.] 

CONCLUDE (kon-klod), v. [pr.p. CONCLU'DING 
p.t. and p.p. CONCLUDED.j I. vt. 1. Deter- 
mine; arrange; settle. 2. End; finish; close; 
terminate. 3. Deduce; infer; opine. 4. Law. 
Prevent from. II. vi. Come to a conclusion. 
[L. concludo; from con-, together, and claudo, 
shut.] 

CONCLUSION (kon-klo'zhun), n. 1. Act of con- 
cluding. 2. End; close, or last part. 3. Judg- 
ment or opinion. 4. Consequence or inference. 
5. Law. Binding act. [Fr. conclusion, from 
L. conclusio, p.p. of concludo, shut up together.] 

CONCLUSIVE (kon-klo'siv), a. 1. Decisive; 
final. 2. Convincing; unanswerable. — Con- 
clusive presumption. Law. Presumption or 
influence which no proof, however strong, 
can be admitted to contradict or invalidate. 

CONCLUSIVELY (kon-klo'siv-li), adv. In a 
conclusive manner. 

CONCLUSIVENESS (kon-klo'siv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being conclusive. 

CONCOCT (kon-kokt ), vt. [pr.p. CONCOCTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCOCT'ED.] 1. Prepare or 
mature. 2. Plot or devise; invent; fabricate. 
[L. concoctus, p.p. of concoquo, boil together; 
con-, together, coquo, boil or cook.] 

CONCOCTER (kon-kokt'er), n. One who con- 
cocts. 

CONCOCTION (kon-kok'shun), w. 1. Act of 
concocting. 2. Preparation of a medical pre- 
scription, etc.; mixture 3. Made-up story; 
fabrication. 

CONCOCTIVE (kon-kokt'iv), a. Pertaining to 
concoction. 

CONCOMITANCE (kon-kom'i-tans), CONCOMI- 
TANCY (kon-kom'i-tan-si), n. State of being 
concomitant. 

CONC03IITANT (kon-kom'i-tant), I. a. Accom- 
panying or going along with; attendant; con- 
joined with. II. n. He who or that which 
accompanies. [L. con-, with, and comitans, 
pr.p. of comito, attend; from comes, com- 
panion.] 

CONCOMITANTLY (kon-kom'i-tant-li), adv. 
In a concomitant way; concurrently. 

CONCORD (kong'kard or kon'kard), n. 1. State 
of being of the same heart or mind; agree- 



ment; accord. 2. Music. Harmony. 3. Gram. 
Agreement of one word with another, as of a 
verb with its subject in person and number, 
or of an adjective with its noun in number 
and case. [L. concordia; from con-, together, 
and cor, cordis, heart.] 

CONCORD (kon'kard), n. City, capital of State 
of New Hampshire, on the 31errimac. 

CONCORD, n. Town in Massachusetts, 23 miles 
N. W. of Boston. Battle April 19, 1775. 

CONCORDANCE (kon-kard'ans), n. 1. Agree- 
ment; concord. 2. Index of the leading words 
or passages of a book, especially of the Bible. 

CONCORDANT (kon-kard'ant), a. Harmonious; 
united; consonant. 

CONCORDANTLY (kon-kard'ant-li), adv. In a 
concordant manner. 

CONCORDAT (kon-kard'at), n. 1. Agreement 
made between the pope and a secular govern- 
ment. 2. Any international compact or 
agreement. [Fr.] 

CONCOURSE (kong'kors or kon'kors), n. 1. 
Assembly of persons. 2. Confluence. 3. Point 
of intersection or junction. [Fr. concours; 
from L. concursus; con-, together, and curro, 
run.] 

CONCREATE (kon-kre-af), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
CREA TING; p.t. and p.p. CONCREA'TED.] 
Create with or at the same time. [CON- and 
CREATE.] 

CONCREATED (kon-kre-a'ted), a. Created at 
the same time, or in union with. 

CONCREMATION (kon-kre-ma'shun), n. Act of 
burning different things together. [CON- and 
CREMATION.] 

CONCRETE (kon'kret), I. a. 1. Formed by the 
union of many particles into one mass. 2. 
Denoting a particular thing; opposed to 
ABSTRACT. 3. Pertaining to or made of con- 
crete. II. n. 1. 31ass formed by parts grow- 
ing or sticking together. 2. Mixture of 
crushed rock, hydraulic cement, etc., for con- 
structing pavements, building blocks, abut- 
ments, floors, sewer-pipes, lawn vases, col- 
umns, walls, and buildings. 3. Logic. Con- 
crete object or idea. — In the concrete. Logic. 
As existing in an object; said of certain quali- 
ties, which when conceived of separately from 
the object are said to be regarded in the ab- 
stract; for example "a just man" is a concrete 
conception, but "justice" is an abstract idea. 
[L. concrctus, p.p. of concresco, grow together.] 

CONCRETE (kon-kret), v. [pr.p.CONCRE'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCRETED.] I. vt. 1. Form 
into a mass by concretion. 2. Pave or con- 
struct with concrete. II. vi. Coalesce into 
one mass; congeal. 

CONCRETED (kon'kre'ted), a. Covered with or 
made of concrete. 

CONCRETELY (kon-kret'li), adv. In a concrete 
manner. 

CONCRETE-MASONRY (kon'kret-ma-sn-ri), n. 
Mason work formed of concrete in lieu of stone. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONCRETE-MIXER 



363 



CONDESCEND 



CONCRETE-MIXER (kon'kret-miks-er), n. Ap- 
paratus used to amalgamate the cement, 
broken-stone sand and water so as to form 
concrete. 




Concrete-mixer. 

CONCRETENESS (kon-kret'nes), «. Quality of 
being concrete. 

CONCRETION (kon-kre'shun), n. 1. Mass con- 
creted. 3. Pathol. Growth formed within the 
body, as a calculus. 3. Gcol. Aggregation of 
calcareous or other matter in the form of 
nodules occurring in argillaceous or other 
strata. 

CONCRETIONARY (kon-kre'shun-a-ri), a. 
Characterized by or containing concretions. 

CONCRETIVE (kon-kre'tiv), a. Having power 
to concrete. 

CONCRETOR (kon-kre'tur), n. Sugar-boiling 
apparatus used in sugar refineries. 

CONCURINAGE (kon-ku'bi-naj), n. Cohabita- 
tion as man and wife without marriage; state 
of a concubine. 

CONCUBINAL (kon-ku'bi-nal), a. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of concubinage. 

CONCUBINE (kong'ku-bln), n. Woman living 
in concubinage. [Fr. concubine; from L. 
concubina; con-, with, and cubo, lie.] 

CONCUPISCENCE (kon-ku'pis-ens), n. Inor- 
dinate desire; lust. [L. con-, with, and cupio, 
desire.] 

CONCUPISCENT (kon-ku'pis-ent), a. Lustful. 

CONCUR (kon-kur'), vi. [pr.p. CONCUR'RING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONCURRED (kon'kurd').] 1. Act 
together; unite; cooperate. 3. Agree; assent; 
coincide. [L. concurro; from con-, together, 
and curro, run.] 

CONCURRENCE (kon-kur'ens), n. 1. Joint 
action. 3. Agreement; assent. 3. A hap- 
pening together; coincidence. 

CONCURRENT (kon-kur'ent), I. a. Coming, 
acting, or existing together. II. n. 1. One who 
or that which concurs. 3. Competitor or rival. 

CONCURRENTLY (kon-kur'ent-li), adv. In 
concurrence with. 

CONCUSSION (kon-kush'un , n. 1. Act of vi- 
olently shaking or agitating. 3. State of 



being so shaken or agitated; shock. [L. con- 
cussio; from concutio, agitate; con-, together, 
and quatio, shake.] 

CONCUSSIVE (kon-kus'iv), a. Having the power 
or tendency of producing concussion. 

CONDEMN (kon-dem'), vt. [pr.p. CONDEMNING 
(kon-dem'ing or kon-dem'ning) ; p.t. and p.p. 
CONDEMNED (kon-demd').] 1. Pronounce 
guilty. 3. Censure or blame. 3. Sentence to 
punishment. 4. Give up to some fate. 5. Pro- 
nounce unfit for use. 6. Order to be taken for 
public use or purposes. [L. condemno; from 
con-, together, and damno, damn.] 

CONDEMNABLE (kon-dem'na-bl,) a. Blam- 
able; culpable; that may be condemned. 

CONDEMNATION (kon-dem-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of condemning. 3. State of being con- 
demned. 

CONDE3INATORY (kon-dem'na-to-ri), a. Ex- 
pressing or implying condemnation. 

CONDEMNED (kon-demd'), «• 1. Pronounced 
guilty or criminal. 3. Used for persons 
condemned or sentenced to death. 3. Pro- 
nounced unfit for use. 4. Ordered to be 
taken for public use. 

CONDEMNER (kon-dem'er or kon-dem'ner), n. 
One who condemns. 

CONDENSABILITY (kon-dens-a-bil'I-ti), n. 
Quality of being condensable. 

CONDENSABLE (kon-dens'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being condensed or compressed. 

CONDENSATION (kon-den-sa'shun), n. 1. Act 
of condensing. 3. State of being condensed. 
3. Product of condensing. 

CONDENSE (kon-dens), v. [pr.p. CONDENS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONDENSED (kon-denst').] 
I. vt. 1. Compress or reduce by pressure into 
smaller compass. 3. Reduce to a denser form, 
as vapor to liquid. II. vi. Become more com- 
pact or more dense, as to pass from a gaseous 
into a liquid or from a liquid into a more or 
less solid state. [L. condenso; from con-, 
together, and densus, dense.] 

CONDENSED 
(kon-denst'), 
a. Reduced in 
bulk by con- 
densation. 

CONDENSER 
(kon-dens'er)* 
n. 1. Appara- 
tus for redu- 
cing vapors to 
a liquid form. ■ 
3. Appliance 
for collecting 
or condensing 
electricity ; 
any form of 
electrostatic 
accumulator. 

CONDESCEND (kon-de-send'), vi. [pr.p. CON- 
DESCENDING; p.t. and p.p. CONDESCEND- 




Electric Condenser. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CONDESCENDING 



263 



CONDUIT 



ED.] Lower one's self to terms of equality 
with an inferior; be affable to inferiors; deign. 
[L. con-, with, and descendo, descend.] 

CONDESCENDING (kon-de-send'ing), a. 1. 
Affable to inferiors. 2. Courteous; obliging; 
patronizing. 

CONDESCENDINGLY (kon-de-send'ing-li), adv. 
In a condescending manner. 

CONDESCENSION (kon-de-sen'shun), n. 1. 
Affability to inferiors. 2. Courtesy; gracious- 
ness. 

CONDIGN (kon-din'), a. Well-merited; deserved 
and adequate. [L. condignus; from con-, with 
and dignus, worthy.] 

CONDIGNLY (kon-din'li), adv. In a condign 
manner; according to desert. 

CONDIGNNESS (kon-din'nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing according to merits. 

CONDIMENT (kon'di-ment), n. Seasoning or 
sauce; relish. [L. condimentum; from condo, 
pickle.] 

CONDITION (kon-dish'un), n. 1. State in which 
things exist. 2. Particular manner of being. 
3. State, position, rank, or circumstances in 
life. 4. State of preservation, health, or ex- 
istence; plight; quality. 5. That on which 
anything depends. 6. Term of a contract. 
7. Logic. That which must precede the opera- 
tion of a cause. [L. condicio; from con-, 
together, and dico, say.] 

SYN. Circumstances; station; case; state; 
situation; plight; predicament; stipulation; 
article; proviso; terms; provision; arrange- 
ment. ANT. Consequence; effect; issue; 
fruit; result. 

CONDITION (kon-dish'un), v. [pr.p. CONDI'- 
TIONING; p.t. and p.p. CONDITIONED 
(kon-dish'und).] I. vt. 1. Agree upon. 2. 
Restrict; limit. 3. Determine. II. vi. Make 
terms. 

CONDITIONAL (kon-dish'un-al), a. Depending 
on conditions. 

CONDITIONALLY (kon-dish-un-al'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being conditional. 

CONDITIONALLY [(kon-dish'un-al-i), adv. By 
way of, or subject to, certain conditions. 

CONDITIONED (kon-dish'und), I. a. 1. Hav- 
ing a certain condition, state, or quality. 2. 
Circumstanced. 3. Depending; relative — the 
opposite of ABSOLUTE. II. n. Metaphys. 
That which is dependent or has conditions. 

CONDOLE (kon-dol'), vi. [pr.p. CONDO'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONDOLED (kon-dold').] Grieve 
with another; sympathize in sorrow. [L. 
con-, with, and doleo, grieve.] 

CONDOLEMENT (kon-dol'ment), n. Act of 
condoling; condolence. 

CONDOLENCE (kon-do'lens), n. Expression of 
grief for another's sorrow. 

CONDONATION (kon-do-na'shun), n. Act of 
condoning. 

CONDONE (kon-don'), vt. [pr.p. CONDO'NING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONDONED (kon-dond').] 1. 




Hf~' 



Condor ( Sarcorham- 
phus gryphus). 



Forgive; pardon. 2. Law. Overlook (a breach 
of marital duty) in such a 
way as to constitute a pre- 
sumption of forgiveness 
by the party injured. [L. 
condono; from con-, to- 
gether, and dono, give.] 

CONDOR (kon'dar),«. Large 
vulture which floats with 
outstretched and motion- 
less wings in airy circles 
over the higher parts of 
the Andes. [Sp., from 
Peruv. cuntur, condor.] 

CONDUCE (kon-dus.'), vi. [pr.p. CONDU'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONDUCED (kon-dust').] Con- 
tribute to or promote a result; tend to some 
end. [L. con-, together, and duco, lead.] 

CONDUCIBILITY (kon-du-si-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being conducible. 

CONDUCIBLE (kon-du'si-bl), a. Having the 
power or quality of conducing; conducive. 

CONDUCIBLY (kon-du'si-bli), adv. In a man- 
ner tending to conduce, further, or promote. 

CONDUCIVE (kon-du'siv), a. Having the power 
or quality of conducing; leading or lending. 

CONDUCIVENESS (kon-du'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being conducive. 

CONDUCT (kon'dukt), n. 1. Act or method of 
leading or managing. 2. Guidance; escort. 
3. Behavior; deportment. [L. conductus, 
p.p. of conduco, conduct; from con-, with, and 
duco, lead.] 

SYN. See BEHAVIOR. 

CONDUCT (kon-dukf), v. [pr.p. CONDUCTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONDUCTED.] I. vt. 1. Lead 
or guide. 2. Convey or transmit. 3. Direct 
or manage. 4. Behave. II. vi. Act as a 
conductor. 

CONDUCTIBLE (kon-dukt'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being conducted or transmitted. 

CONDUCTION (kon-duk'shun), n. 1. Act or 
property of conducting or transmitting. 2. 
Transmission by a conductor, as heat, electric- 
ity, etc. 

CONDUCTIVE (kon-dukt'iv), a. Having the 
quality or power of conducting or transmitting. 

CONDUCTIVITY (kon-duk-tiv'i-ti), n. Power 
that bodies have of transmitting heat, elec- 
tricity, etc. 

CONDUCTOR (kon-dukt'ur), n. 1. Guide; es- 
cort; leader. 2. Director or manager, as the 
conductor of an orchestra. 3. One in charge 
of a railway-train, street-car, or other public 
conveyance. 4. Body possessing conductivity. 

CONDUCTRESS (kon-dukt'res), n. Woman who 
conducts; female guide; directress. 

CONDUIT (kon'dit), n. 1. Channel or pipe to 
convey water or other liquid; aqueduct. 2. 
Narrow passage between the apartments of 
a building. 3. Underground space or subway 
for the reception of electric wires, cables, etc. 
[Fr.; fromL. conductus; from conduco, conduct.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in* Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA. in Scotch loch. 



mute, but, burn, 



CONE 



264 



CONFIDENT 



CONE (kon), n. 1. Solid body or figure tapering 
to a point from a circular base. 2. Bot. 
Fruit or strobile shaped like a cone, as that 
of the pine, fir, etc. 3. Anything shaped like 
a cone. [Fr. cone; from L. conus; from Gr. 
konos, cone.] 

CONEY (ko'ni), n. Same as CONY. 

CONFAB (kon'fab), n. Familiar talk or con- 
versation. [Contr. of CONFABULATION.] 

CONFABULATE (kon-fab'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. 
CONFABULATING; p.t. and p.p. CONFAB- 
ULATED.] Talk familiarly together; chat. 
[L. confabulatus, p.p. of confabulor, talk to- 
gether.] 

CONFABULATION (kon-fab-u-la'shun), n. Act 
of talking together familiarly; chat. 

CONFECT (kon'fekt), n. Sweetmeat; comfit; 
confection. 

CONFECTION (kon-fek'shun), n. 1. Sweetmeat. 

2. Med. Electuary. [L. confectio, prepara- 
tion.] 

CONFECTIONER (kon-fek'shun-er), n. One 
who makes confections or deals in confection- 
ery. 

CONFECTIONERY (kon-fek'shun-er-i), n. [pi. 
CONFECTIONERIES.] 1. Sweetmeats in gen- 
eral; candies; confections, etc. 2. Confec- 
tioner's shop. 3. Business of a confectioner. 

CONFEDERACY (kon-fed'er-a-si), n. [pi. CON- 
FEDERACIES.] 1. League or mutual engage- 
ment. 2. Persons or states united in a league. 

3. Law. Combination or conspiracy to do an 
illegal act. 

SYN. Alliance; treaty; league; union= 
ANT. Disruption; disunion; secession. 

CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), v. [pr.p. 
CONFEDERATING; p.t. and p.p. CONFED- 
ERATED.] I. vt. Unite by treaty or com- 
pact. II. vi. Join in a league or confederacy. 
[L. con-, together, and fcedus, league.] 

CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), n. 1. One 
united with others in a league; ally; accom- 
plice. 2. [C-] Adherent of the Confederate 
States of America. 

CONFEDERATE (kon-fed'er-at), c. 1. Leagued 
together; allied. 2. [C-] Pertaining to the 
Confederate States of America. 

CONFEDERATION (kon-fed-er-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of confederating; league; compact; alli- 
ance. 2. Confederacy. 3. Union, or united 
body. 

CONFEDERATIVE (kon-fed'er-a-tiv), a. Of or 
belonging to a confederation. 

CONFER (kon-fer'), v. [pr.p. CONFER'RING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONFERRED (kon-ferd').] I. 
vt. 1. Grant or bestow. 2. Compare; dis- 
cuss; examine. H. vi. Talk or consult to- 
gether. [L. confero, bring together; con-, 
together, and fero, bear.] 

SYN. Compare; collate; deliberate; con- 
sult; converse; advise; counsel; give; grant; 
present. 

CONFEREE (kon-fer-e'), n. 1. One conferred 



with. 2. One on whom something is con- 
ferred. 

CONFERENCE (kon'fer-ens), n. 1. Act of con- 
ferring. 2. Appointed meeting for instruc- 
tion or discussion. 3. Eccl. Organization of 
ministers and laymen who meet annually to 
deliberate upon denominational affairs. 

CONFERRABLE ( kon-fer a-bl), a. Capable of 
being conferred. 

CONFERRER (kon-fer'er), n. One who con- 
fers. 

CONFERVA (kon-fer'va), n. Bot. Genus of 
lower fresh-water algae, forming slimy masses 
or tufts in ponds and stagnant pools, easily 
recognized by their unbranched filaments. 
[L. conferva, kind of water-plant.] 

CONFERVA (kon-fer'va), n. [pi. CONFER'VE.] 
Plant of the genus Conferva. 

CONFESS (kon-fesO, v. [pr.p. CONFESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONFESSED (kon-fest').] I. vt. 
1. Acknowledge; admit; avow; as, confess a 
crime, fault, or debt. 2. Own up to; not to 
deny. 3. Make known or disclose; make 
confession, as to a priest. 4. Hear the con- 
fession of, as of a penitent by a priest. II. vi. 
1. Make an admission. 2. Make confession. 
— Confess and avoid. Laic. Admit one has 
done what is alleged against him, but show 
that there was nothing illegal in his action. 
[L. confessus, p.p. of confiteor, confess.] 

SYN. Accept; grant; allow; certify; 
assent; concede; disclose; own; recognize; 
declare; attest; prove. ANT. Deny; disavow; 
disown; dissemble; cover; secrete; conceal. 

CONFESSEDLY (kon-fes'ed-li), adv. In an 
acknowledged manner; avowedly. 

CONFESSER (kon-fes'er), n. One who confesses 
a fault, crime, or debt. 

CONFESSION (kon-fesh'un), n. 1. Acknowledg- 
ment of a crime, fault, or debt. 2. Formulary 
of articles of faith. 3. Acknowledgment of 
sin to a priest, technically termed auricular 
or sacramental confession. 

CONFESSIONAL (kon-fesh'un-al), I. a. Per- 
taining to confession. II. n. Seat or inclosed 
recess where a priest hears confessions. 

CONFESSOR (kon-fes'ur), n. 1. One who pro- 
fesses the Christian faith. 2. Priest who 
hears confessions. 

CONFIDANT (kon-fi-danf), n. [fern. CONFI- 
DANTE (kon-fi-dant').] One confided in or 
entrusted with secrets; bosom-friend. [Fr.] 

CONFIDE (kon-fid), v. [pr.p. CONFIDING; p.t. 
and p.p. CONFI'DED.] I. vt. Intrust; com- 
mit to the charge of. II. vi. Have confi- 
dence; trust; believe. [L. confido; from con-, 
with, and fido, trust.] 
CONFIDENCE (kon'fi-dens), n. 1. Firm trust 
or belief; faith. 2. Self-reliance. 3. That 
which is confided; secret. 
CONFIDENT (kon'fi-dent), a. 1. Having full 
confidence or trust. 2. Bold; presumptuous; 
conceited. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock. 



CONFIDENTIAL 



265 



CONFORMER 



CONFIDENTIAL (kon-fl-den'shal), a. 1. Ad- 
mitted to confidence; trusted. 2. Imparted 
in confidence; private; secret. 3. Carried on 
in confidence. 

CONFIDENTIALLY (kon-fi-den'shal-i), adv. In 
a confidential manner. 

CONFIDENTLY (kon'fl-dent-li), adv. In a confi- 
dent or assured manner. 

CONFIDER (kon-fi'der), n One who confides. 

CONFIDING (kon-fi'ding), a. 1. Trusting. 2. 
Giving or committing in trust. 3. Over- 
trustful; credulous; unsuspicious. 

CONFIDINGLY (kon-fi'ding-li), adv. In a con- 
fiding manner. 

CONFIDINGNESS (kon-fi'ding-nes), n. Quality 
of being confiding. 

CONFIGURATION (kon-flg-u-ra'shun), n. 1. 
External figure or shape; outline. 2. Astron. 
Relative position or aspect, as of planets. [L. 
configuratio ; from con-, together, and figuro, 
form.] 

CONFINABLE (kon-fi'na-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing confined. 

CONFINE (kon-fin'), v. [pr.p. CONFI'NING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONFINED (kon-find').] I. vt. 

I. Shut up; imprison. 2. Restrict or limit. 

II. vi. Have a common boundary. [L. con-. 
together, and finis, limit.] 

SYN. Bound; limit; circumscribe; re- 
strict; restrain; imprison; incarcerate; im- 
mure. ANT. Widen; expand; extend; lib- 
erate; free. 

CONFLNE (kon'fin), n. Border; boundary; limit. 
Usually in the plural. 

CONFINED (kon-find'), a. 1. Limited. 2. Nar- 
row. 3. Imprisoned. 4. Brought to childbed. 

CONF1NELESS (kon-fin'les), a. Without limit 
or boundary. 

CONFINEMENT (kon-fln'ment), n. State of 
being confined. 

CONFINER (kon-fi'ner), n. One who or that 
which confines. 

CONFIRM (kon-ferm'), vt. [pr.p. CONFIRM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFIRMED (kon-fermd').] 
1. Ratify; establish; settle. 2. Render valid 
by formal assent. 3. Render certain by fresh 
evidence; verify. 4. Admit to full commun- 
ion. [L. confirmo; from con-, together, and 
firmus, firm.] 

CONFIRMABLE (kon-ferm'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being confirmed. 

CONFIRMATION (kon-fer-ma'shun), n. 1. Act 
of confirming. 2. Convincing proof. 

CONFIRMATIVE (kon-ferm'a-tiv), a. Tending 
to confirm. 

CONFIRMATIVELY (kon-ferm'a-tiv-li), adv. 
In a confirming manner. 

CONFIRMATORY (kon-ferm'a-to-ri), a. 1. Con- 
firming. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confir- 
mation. 

CONFIRMED (kon-fermd',), a. 1. Settled; es- 
tablished. 2. Beyond hope of recovery, as a 
confirmed invalid. 



CONFIRMER (kon-ferm'er), n. One who or that 
which confirms. 

CONFISCABLE (kon-fis'ka-bl), a. Liable to 
confiscation. 

CONFISCATE (kon'fls-kat), vt. [pr.p. CONFIS- 
CATING; p.f. and p.p. CONFISCATED.] Take 
possession of as forfeited to the public treasury 
or use. [L. confiscatus, p.p. of confisco, put in a 
coffer; from con-, together, and fiscus, basket.] 

CONFISCATE (kon'fis-kat), a. Forfeited to the 
public treasury or use; confiscated. 

CONFISCATION (kon-fis-ka'shun), n. Act of 
confiscating. 

CONFISCATOR (kon'fis-ka-tur), n. One who 
confiscates. 

CONFISCATORY (kon-fis'ka-to-ri), a. Of the 
nature of confiscation. 

CONFLAGRATION (kon-fla-gra'shun), n. Great 
fire, as of many buildings. [L. conflagratio; 
from conflagro, burn together.] 

CONFLICT (kon-flikf), vi. [pr.p. CONFLICT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFLICTED.] 1. Be in 
opposition; clash; show a discrepancy. 2. 
Contend. [L. conflicto; from con-, together, 
and fligo, strike.] 

CONFLICT (kon'flikt), n. 1. Struggle or con- 
test; battle. 2. Mental struggle. 3. Antag- 
onism; as a conflict of jurisdiction. 

SYN. Contest; collision; combat; strug- 
gle; strife; contention; battle; fight; encoun- 
ter; engagement. ANT. Peace; armistice; 
truce; concord. 

CONFLICTING (kon-flikt'ing), a. Clashing; 
contradictory. 

CONFLICTIVE (kon-flikt'iv), a. Tending to 
conflict; conflicting. 

CONFLUENCE (kon'flo-ens), n. 1. Joining of 
two or more streams into one. 2. Place of 
juncture. 3. Concourse; union. 

CONFLUENT (kon'flo-ent), I. a. Flowing to- 
gether; uniting in a single channel. II. n. 
Affluent or tributary stream. [L. confluens, 
pr.p. of confluo, flow together.] 

CONFLUX (kon'fluks), n. Confluence; con- 
course. [L. confluo; from con-, together, and 
fluo, flow.] 

CONFORM (kon-farm'), v. [pr.p. CONFORM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFORMED (kon-farmd').] 
I. vt. 3Iake like or of the same form. II. vi. 
Be of the same form; act in harmony; com- 
ply with a usage or form. [L. conformo; from 
con-, together, and forma, form.] 

CONFORM ABILITY (kon-farm-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality of being conformable. 

CONFORMABLE (kon-farm'a-bl), a. 1. Corre- 
sponding in form. 2. Suitable. 3. Compliant. 

CONFORMABLY (kon-farm'a-bli), adv. In a 
conformable manner. 

CONFORMATION (kon-far-ma'shun), n. 1. 
Particular form, shape, or structure. 2. Adap- 
tation. 

CONFORMER ( kon-farm er), n. Compiler; con- 
formist. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7t in Scotch loch. 



CONFORMIST 



CONGEST 



CONFORMIST (kon-farm'ist), n. 1. One who 
conforms. 2. Adherent of the Established 
Church of England. 

CONFORMITY (kon-farm'i-ti), n. 1. Likeness. 
2. Compliance. 3. Consistency. — In con- 
formity with, in accordance with. 

CONFOUND (kon-fownd), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
FOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. CONFOUNDED.] 1. 
Mix or mingle so as to cause confusion. 2. 
Erroniously mistake; confuse with something 
else. 3. Throw into confusion or perplexity; 
abash; bewilder. [L. confundo; con-, to- 
gether, and fundo, pour.] 

SYN. Confuse; disorder; trouble; as- 
tound; dismay; abash. ANT. Arrange; 
classify; order; allocate; elucidate; enlight- 
en ; rally. 

CONFOUNDED (kon-fownd'ed), a. 1. Confused; 
astonished. 2. Consummate; egregious — 
used as a strong term of disapprobation. 

CONFOUNDER (kon-fownd'er), n. One who 
confounds. 

CONFRATERNITY (kon-fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. 
CONFRATERNITIES.] 1. Society of men 
associated for a certain purpose; brotherhood. 
2. Brotherly friendship. [L. con-, together, 
and fraternitas, brotherhood; f rater, broth- 
er.] , 

CONFRERE (kang-frar'), n. Fellow-member; 
colleague. [Fr.] 

CONFRONT (kon-frunf), vt. [pr.p. CONFRONT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONFRONTED.] 1. Place 
(one's self) front to front with; face. 2. Bring 
face to face. [Fr. confronter; from L. con-, 
together, and frons, front.] 

CONFRONTATION (kon-frun-ta'shun), n. Act 
of bringing together face to face. 

CONFRONTMENT (kon-frunt'ment), n. 1. 
State of being placed face to face. 2. Con- 
f rontation. 

CONFUCIAN (kon-fu'shyan), a. Of or belonging 
to Confucius, the Chinese philosopher (551- 
479 B. C). 

CONFUCIANISM (kon-fu'shyan-izm), n. System 
of belief and practice taught by Confucius. 

CONFUSE (kon-fuz), vt. [pr.p. CONFU'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONFUSED (kon-fuzd').] 1. 
Throw into disorder; perplex; abash; bewil- 
der; disconcert. 2. Mix so as to render undis- 
tinguishable; confound. [L. confusus, p.p. of 
confundo, confound.] 

CONFUSEDLY (kon-fu'zed-li), adv. In a con- 
fused manner. 

CONFUSEDNESS (kon-fu'zed-nes), n. State of 
being confused; disorder. 

CONFUSION (kon-fu'zhun), n. 1. State of being 
confused or mixed up together. 2. Disorder; 
tumult. 3. Perplexity; astonishment. 4. Ob- 
scurity; indistinctness of style or meaning. 

CONFUTABLE (kon-fu'ta-bl), a. Capable of 
being confuted. 

CONFUTATION (kon-fu-ta'shun), n. Act or 
process of confuting; disproof. 



CONFUTE (kon-fut), vt. [pr.p. CONFU'TING; 

p.t. and p.p. CONFUTED.] Prove to be false; 

refute. [L. confuto; from con-, together, and 

futo, pour.] 

SYN. Disprove; overthrow; refute; op- 
pugn; confound. 
CONFUTER (kon-fu'ter), n. One who confutes. 
CONGE ( kang-zha'), n. 1. Leave; departure; 

farewell. 2. Parting ceremony; courtesy. 3. 

Dismissal. [Fr.; from L. con-, together, and 

meo, go.] 
CONGEAL (kon-jel '), v. [pr.p. CONGEAL'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. CONGEALED (kon-jeld').] I. vt. 

1. Change from fluid to solid by cold; freeze. 

2. Chill; curdle. II. vi. 1. Pass from liquid 
to solid, as by cold. 2. Coagulate. [L. congelo; 
from con-, together, and gelo, freeze.] 

CONGEALABLE (kon-jel'a-bl), a. Capable of 

being congealed. 
CONGEALMENT(kon-jel'ment),n. Congelation. 
CONGEE (kon'je; Fr. kang-zha), vi. [pr.p. 

CON'GEEING; p.f. and p.p. CONGEED (kon- 

jed').] 1. Take leave. 2. Bow; courtesy. [Fr. 

conge. 1 
CONGEE (kon'je; Fr. kang-zha'), n. Conge; 

leave-taking. 
CONGEE (kon-je) n. Same as CONJEE. 
CONGELATION (kon-je-la'shun), n. 1. Act or 

process of congealing. 2. Anything con- 
gealed. 
CONGENER (kon'je-ner), n. Biol. Animal or 

plant of the same genus, kind or nature. [L. ; 

from con-, and genus, generis, kind.] 
CONGENERIC (kon-je-ner'ik), a. Of the same 

genus, origin, or nature. 
CONGENEROUS (kon-Jen'er-us), a. Of the same 

nature or kind. 
CONGENETIC (kon-je-net'ik), a. Alike in origin. 
CONGENIAL (kon-je'ni-al), a. 1. Partaking of 

the same natural characteristics; kindred; 

sympathetic. 2. Naturally adapted or suited. 

3. Agreeable; pleasant. [CON- and GENIAL.] 
CONGENIALITY (kon-je-ni-al'i-ti), n. Quality 

of being congenial. 

CONGENIALLY (kon-je'ni-al-i), adv. In a con- 
genial manner. 

CONGENIALNESS (kon-je'ni-al-nes), n. Con- 
geniality. 

CONGENITAL (kon-jen'i-tal), a. Born with one; 
existing from birth; constitutional; natural; 
connate. [L. congenitus; from con-, with, 
and genitus, born; from gigno, bear.] 

CONGENITALLY (kon-jen'i-tal-i), adv. In a con- 
genital manner. 

CONGER (kong'ger), CONGER-EEL (kong'ger- 
el), n. Large sea-eel, three to six feet long. 
[L.; from Gr. gongros.] 

CONGERIES (kon-je'ri-ez), n. sing, and pi. Col- 
lection of particles or small bodies in one mass. 
[L.; from con-, together, and gero, carry.] 

CONGEST (kon-jest), v. [pr.p. CONGEST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONGESTED.] I. vt. Cause to 
accumulate, as blood in the capillary vessels. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl* then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CONGESTED 



267 



CONGRESSMAN 






II. vi. Become congested. [L. congestus, p.p. 
of congero, heap together.] 

CONGESTED (kon-jest'ed), a. 1. Pathol. Affected 
with an unnatural accumulation of blood. 
2. Crowded very closely. 

CONGESTION (kon-jes'chun), n. 1. Pathol. Ab- 
normal accumulation of blood in the capillary 
vessels. 2. Condition of being overcrowded 
or congested. 

CONGESTIVE (kon-Jcst'iv), a. Indicating or 
tending to congestion. 

CONGLOBATE (kon-glo'bat), a. Formed into a. 
globe or ball. [L. con-, together, and globus, 
ball. 

CONGLOBATE ( kon-glo'bat ), v. [pr.p. CON- 
GLOBATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLOBATED.] 
I. vt. Form into a globe or round mass. II. 
vi. Become formed into a solid globe or ball. 

CONGLOBATION (kon-glo-ba'shun), n. 1. Act 
of forming into a ball or globe. 2. Round 
body or mass. 

CONGLOBE (kon-glob'), vt. and vi. Conglobate. 

CONGLOBULATE ( kon-glob 'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. 
CONGLOB'ULATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLOB'- 
ULATED.] Gather into a globule or small 
globe. [CON- and GLOBULE.] 

CONGLOMERATE (kon-glom'er-at), I. a. Gath- 
ered into a ball-like mass. II. n. Rock com- 
posed of pebbles bound together by a natural 
cement. [L. conglomeratus, p.p. of conglomero, 
roll together.] 

CONGLOMERATE (kon-glom'er-at), V. [pr.p. 
CONGLOMERATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- 
GLOMERATED.] I. vt. Gather into a ball. II. 
vi. Be gathered into a ball-like mass. 

CONGLOMERATION (kon-glom-er-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of conglomerating. 2. Conglomerated mass; 
intermixture; miscellaneous accumulation. 

CONGLUTINANT (kon-glo'ti-nant), I. a. Med. 
Causing to stick together and heal. II. n. 
Application for closing and healing wounds. 

CONGLUTINATE (kon-glo'ti-nat), v. [pr.p. 
CONGLU'TINATING; p.t. and p.p. CONGLU'- 
TINATED.] I. vt. 1. Glue together. 2. Heal 
by uniting. II. vi. Unite or grow together. 
[L. con-, together, and gluten, glue.] 

CONGLUTINATE (kon-glo'ti-nat), a. 1. Glued 
or cemented together. 2. Bot. Glued to- 
gether instead of being united originally. 

CONGLUTINATION (kon- 
glo-ti-na'shun), n. Act 
of gluing together. 

CONGLUTINATIVE (kon- 
glo'*i-na-tiv), a. Gluing 
together. 

CONGLUTINATOR ( kon- 
glo'ti-na-txir, ) n. That 
which conglutinates. 

Congo, Kongo (kong'go), 

n. [pi. CONGOS, KON- 

GOS(kong'gdz).] Member Congo. 

of a negro race inhabiting Congo, a country of 

western Africa. 




Snake-like 




Congo-snake ( A m- 
phiuma means). 



Congo-snake (kong'go-snak), n. 

amphibian, found in the 
muddy streams of the south- 
eastern United States. 

CONGRATULATE (kon-graf- 
U-lat), vt. [pr.p. CONGRAT- 
ULATING; p.t. and p.p. 
CONGRAT'ULATED.] 1. 
Wish Joy to on any for- 
tunate event; felicitate. 2. 
Consider fortunate in some 
matter. [L. congratulatus, 
p.p. of congratulor; con-, to- 
gether, and gratulor, wish 
Joy.] 

SYN. Felicitate; compliment. ANT. Com- 
miserate; console. 

CONGRATULATION (kon-grat-u-la'shun), n. 
1. Act of congratulating. 2. Expression of 
Joy or pleasure at one's success or good fortune. 

CONGRATULATOR (kon-grat'u-la-tur), n. One 
who congratulates. 

CONGRATULATORY (kon-grat'u-la-to-ri), a. 
Expressing congratulation. 

CONGREGATE (kong'gre-gat), v, [pr.p. CON- 
GREGATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'GREGATED.] 
I. vt. Collect or bring together in one place; 
assemble. II. vi. Meet or assemble; gather. 
[L. congregatus, p.p. of congrego, flock together.] 

CONGREGATE (kong'gre-gat), a. Gathered to- 
gether; assembled; congregated. 

CONGREGATION (kong-gre-ga'shun), n. 1. 
Act of congregating. 2. Assemblage of per- 
sons or things. 3. Body of people united to 
worship in a particular church. 

Congregational (kong-gre-ga'shun-ai), a, 

1. Pertaining to Congregationalism. 2. [c-] 
Pertaining to a congregation. 

Congregationalism (kong-gre-ga'shun-ai- 

izm), n. 1. Policy of the Congregationalists; 
or Congregational Church, representing chiefly 
two principles — self-government by the local 
church, and fellowship among churches. 2. 
[c-] Form of church government in which 
each congregation is independent in the man- 
agement of its own affairs. 

CoNGREGATIONALIST (kong-gre-ga'shun-al- 
ist), n. Adherent of Congregationalism; mem- 
ber of the Congregational Church. 

CONGRESS (kong'gres), n. 1. National legis- 
lature of the United States. 2. [c-] A meeting 
together or assembly, as of ambassadors, etc., 
for political purposes. 3. [c-] Friendly meeting 
for discussions; conference. 4. [c-] Legislature 
of any republic. [L. congressus; from con-, to- 
gether, and gradi, gressus, go; from gradus, 
step.] 

CONGRESSIONAL (kon-gresh'un-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to Congress. 2. [c-] Pertaining to> 
a congress. 

CONGRESSIVE (kon-gres'iv), a. Meeting; com- 
ing together; encountering. 

Congressman (kong'gres-man),n. [pi. con'- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



_ 



CONGRUENCE 



CONJUNCTURE 



GRESSMEN.] 3Iember of the United States 
Congress. 

CONGRUENCE (kong'gro-ens), CONGRU- 
ENCY (kong'gro-en-si), a. 1. Agreement; 
suitableness; consistency. 

CONGRUENT (kong'gro-ent), a. Agreeing; 
suitable; congruous. [Fr. congruent; from L. 
congruens, pr.p. of congruo, agree together.] 

CONGRUITY (kon-gro'i-ti), n. [pi. CONGRU'- 
ITIES.] Agreement; consistency; fitness; 
correspondence. 

CONGRUOUS (kong'gro-us), a. Suitable; fit; 
consistent. [L. congruus, agreeing.] 

CONGRUOUSLY (kong'gro-us-li), adv. In a 
congruous manner. 

CONGRUOUSNESS (kong'gro-us-nes), w. Qual- 
ity of being congruous; congruity. 

CONIC (kon'ik), a. Relating to or having the 
form of a cone. — Conic sections. Gcom. Three 
curves, the parabola, the hyperbola, and the 
ellipse — so called because they are formed by 
the intersection of the surface of a cone with 
planes that cut the cone in various directions. 
[Gr. konikos; from konos, cone.] 

CONICAL (kon'ik-: ), a. Same as CONIC. 

CONICS (kon'iks), n. Rranch of geometry which 
relates to conic sections. 

CONIFER (kon'i-fgx), n. Tree or shrub of the 
order Coniferce. 

CONIFERS (ko-nif'er-e), n.pl. Bot. Order of 
exogenous plants, including pines, firs, etc., 
which bear cones, in which the seed is con- 
tained. [L. conus, cone, and fero, bear.] 

CONIFEROUS (ko-nif'er-us), a. Cone-bearing, 
as the fir, pine, etc. 

CONIFORM (ko'ni-farm), a. Conical. 

CONINE (ko'nin), n. Chem. Alkaloid forming 
the poisonous principle of hemlock. [Gr. 
koneion, hemlock.] 

CoNIUM (ko'ni-um), n. Bot. Genus of um- 
belliferous plants, including the poison-hem- 
lock, Conium maculatum, used in medicine 
to relieve pain, relax spasm, and compose 
general nervous irritation. [L. ; from Gr. 
koneion, hemlock.] 

CONJECTURABLE (kon-jek'tur-a-bl), a. That 
may be conjectured. 

CONJECTURAL (kon-jek'tur-al), a. 1. Involv- 
ing conjecture. 2. Given to conjecture. 

CONJECTURE (kon-jek'tur), n. 1. Forecast. 
2. Opinion formed on slight or defective evi- 
dence; surmise; guess. [L.. conjectura, guess.] 

CONJECTURE (kon-jek'tur), v. [pr.p. CON- 
JECTURING; p.t. and p.p. CONJECTURED 
(kon-Jek'turd).] I. vt. 1. Make conjectures 
regarding. 2. Infer on slight evidence. II. vi. 
Guess. 

CONJECTURER (kon-jek'tur-er), n. One who 
forms conjectures. 

CONJEE, CONGEE (kon'je), n. Water in which 
rice has been boiled, used for invalids. [An- 
glo-Indian; from Tamil kanjiJ] 

CONJOIN (kon-join'), v. [pr.p. CONJOIN'ING; 



p.t. and p.p. CONJOINED (kon-joind).] I. 
vl. 1. Join together; combine. 2. Associate; 
unite, as in matrimony. II. vt. Unite. [Fr. 
conjoindre; from L. con-, together, and jungo, 
join.] 

CONJOINT (kon-joint), a. Joined together 
united. 

CONJOINTLY (kon-joint'li), adv. In a conjoint 
manner; together. 

CONJUGAL (kon'jo-gal), a. Of or pertaining to 
matrimony or married life; connubial. [L. 
conjugalis; from conjux, one united to another; 
from con-, together, and jugum, yoke.] 

CONJUGALLY (kon'jo-gal-i), adv. In a con- 
jugal manner. 

CONJUGATE (kon'jo-gat), I. a. 1. Joined or 
connected in pairs; yoked; paired. 2. Math. 
So related as to be interchangeable. II. n. 
Gram. Word agreeing in derivation with an- 
other word. [L. conjugatus, p.p. of conjugo. 
join together.] 

CONJUGATE (kon'jo-gat), v. [pr.p. CONJU- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. CONJUGATED.] I 
vt. Gram. Give in order the various inflections 
of — said of verbs. II. vi. Biol. Unite in 
conjugation, as cells in certain rhizopods. 

CONJUGATION (kon-jo-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
joining or state of being joined; union. 2. 
Gram. (1) Inflection of a verb. (2) Act of 
conjugating or inflecting a verb. (3) Number 
or class of verbs conjugated alike. — Conju- 
gation of cells. Biol. Mode of reproduction 
in which two apparently similar cells unite, 
as in amoeba, diatoms, etc. 

CONJUNCT (kon-jungkt), a. Conjoined. [L. 
conjunctus, p.p. of conjungo, join together.] 

CONJUNCTION (kon-jungk'shun), n. 1. Con- 
nection; union. 2. Gram. Word that con- 
nects sentences, clauses, and words; as 
"he went and I came," "she played while 
they danced," and and while being conjunc- 
tions. 3. Astron. One of the aspects of the 
planets, when two heavenly bodies have the 
same longitude — i. e., when the same perpen- 
dicular to the ecliptic passes through both. 

CONJUNCTIONAL (kon-jungk'shun-al), a. Re- 
lating to a conjunction. 

CONJUNCTIVA (kon-jungk-ti'va), n. [pi. CON- 
JUNCTIVAE.] Anat. 3Iucous membrane lining 
the inner surface of the eyelids, and covering 
the anterior part of the eyeball. [L. conjunc- 
tivus, connecting.] 

CONJUNCTIVE (kon-jungk'tiv), I. a. 1. 
Serving to unite; connective. 2. Closely 
united. II. n. Gram. Subjunctive mood 

CONJUNCTIVELY (kon-jungk'tiv-li), adv 
a conjunctive manner. 

CONJUNCTLY (kon-jungkt'li) adv. Conjointly; 
in union. 

CONJUNCTURE (kon-jungk'tur), n. 1. Com- 
bination of circumstances. 2. Important 
occasion; juncture; crisis. 3. Act of joining, 
or mode of union or connection. 



seiy 

I- 
In 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CONJURATION 



2G9 



CONQUERABLE 



CONJURATION (kon-jp-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
summoning by a sacred name or solemnly. 2. 
Enchantment; spell. 

CONJURE (kon-jor), v. [pr.p. CONJUR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONJURED (kon-jord').] I. vt. 
1. Call on or summon in a solemn manner; 
adjure. 2. Implore earnestly. II. vi. Make 
a solemn appeal or adjuration. [L. conjuro; 
from con-, together, and juro, swear.] 

CONJURE (kun'jur), v. [pr.p. CON'JURING; 
p.U and p.p. CONJURED (kun'jurd).] I. vt. 1. 
Raise up or produce by magic arts. 2. En- 
chant; charm; exorcise. II. vi. Practice mag- 
ical arts. 

CONJURER (kun'jiir-er), n. One who practices 
magic. 

CONJURER (kon-jor'er), n. One who adjures 
or appeals solemnly. 

CONJURING (kun'jxir-ing), n. Use of magic; 
enchantment. 

CON JURY (kun'jiir-i), n. Magic. 

CONNARITE (kon'a-rit), n. Min. Green crys- 
tallized silicate of nickel. 

CONNATE (kon'at or kon-nat'), a. 1. Born with 
another; cognate. 2. Of the same origin 
with. 3. Bot. Having parts originally dis- 
tinctly united together. [L. con,', with, and 
nasci, natus, be born.] 

CONNATION (kon-na'shun), n. State of being 
united or connected by birth. 

CONNATURAL (kon-nat'u-ral), a. 1. Of the 
same nature with another. 2. Connected or 
united by birth; congenital. 

CONNECT (kon-nekf), v. [pr.p. CONNECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONNECTED.] I. vt. 1. Tie or 
fasten together. 2. Establish a relation be- 
tween; associate. 3. Elec. Place or bring 
into electric contact. II. vi. Have a close re- 
lation or association. [L. con-, together, and 
necto, tie.] 

CONNECTICUT (ko-net'i-kut), n. One of the 
U. S. Area 5,612 sq. m. Capital, Hartford. 

CONNECTEDLY ( kon-nekt'ed-li), adv. In a 
connected manner. 

CONNECTEDNESS (kon-nekt'ed-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being connected or following in due order. 

CONNECTIBLE (kon-nekt'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being connected. 

CONNECTILE (kon-nekt'il), n. Bot. Part con- 
necting the lobes of the anther and the fila- 
ment. 

CONNECTION (kon-nek'shun), n. 1. Act of 
connecting. 2. State of being connected. 3. 
That which connects. 4. Junction. 5. Re- 
lationship. 6. Context. 7. Relative. 8. In- 
timacy. 9. Body or society held together 
by a bond. 

CONNECTIVE (kon-nekt'iv), I. a. Binding to- 
gether; serving to connect. II. n. 1. That 
which connects. 2. Gram. Conjunction or 
preposition. 

CONNECTIVELY (kon-nekt'iv-li), adv. In a 
connective manner. 



CONNECTOR (kon-nekt'ui), n. 1. One who 
connects. 2. Elec. Device for readily con- 
necting or joining the ends of two or more 
conductors. 

CONNER (kon'er), n. One who cons or studies 
carefully. 

CONNER (kon'er), n. One who directs the steer- 
ing of a ship. 

CONNEXION (kon-nek'shun), n. Same as CON- 
NECTION. 

CONNIVANCE (kon-ni'vans), n. Act of conni- 
ving; tacit consent; passive cooperation or 
encouragement. 

CONNIVE (kon-niv), vi. [pr.p. CONNI'VING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONNIVED (kon-nivd').] 1. Wink 
at, or intentionally overlook, a wrong or crime. 
2. Passively cooperate or collude, as with a 
criminal. [L. conniveo, wink.] 

CONNIVENT (kon-ni'vent), a. Biol. Convey- 
ing. [L. connivens, pr.p. of conniveo, wink.] 

CONNIVER (kon-ni'ver), n. Person who con- 
nives. 

CONNOISSEUR (kon-i-sur'), n. One who knows 
a subject well; critical judge in art, music, 
etc. [Fr. ; from O. Fr. conoisseor; from con" 
noistre, know; from L. cognosco.] 

CONNOTATE (kon'6-tat), vt. [pr.p. CONNO- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. CONNOTATED.] Same 
as CONNOTE. 

CONNOTATION (kon-6-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
connotating or connoting. 2. Logic. That 
which is connoted by a term. 

CONNOTE (kon-not), v. [pr.p. CONNO'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONNO'TED.] I. vt. 1. Indicate 
or mention indirectly. 2. Mean; signify. II. 
vi. Have a meaning in connection with an- 
other word. [L. con-, together, and noto, 
mark.] 

CONNUBIAL (kon-nu'bi-al), o. Pertaining to 
marriage or to the married state; married; 
nuptial. [L. con-, together, and nubo, marry.] 

CONOID (ko'noid), I. a. Resembling a cone; 
conical. II. n. Anything like a cone in form. 
[Gr. konos, cone, and eidos, form.] 

CONOID AL (ko-noid'al), a. Resembling a cone; 
approaching the conical in form. 

CONOIDIC (ko-noid'ik), a. Conoidal. 

CONOLPHUS (ko-nol'fus), n. Zool. Edible 
iguana of South American tropics. [Gr. 
konos, cone; lophon, crest.] 

CONQUER (kong'ker), v. [pr.p. CON'QUERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONQUERED (kong'kerd).] I. vt. 
1. Gain by force or with an effort. 2. Over- 
come or vanquish. II. vi. Be victorious; gain 
the victory. [L. conquiro; from con-, together, 
and qumro, seek.] 

SYN. Overcome; overpower; overthrow; 
defeat; subdue; vanquish; rout; discomfit; 
reduce; humble; surmount; crush; master; 
subjugate. ANT. Fail; fall; retreat; suc- 
cumb; fly; submit; surrender. 

CONQUERABLE (kong'ker-a-bl), a. That may 
be conquered. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONQUEROR 



;>7o 



CONSEQUENT 



CONQUEROR(kong'ker-iir),n.[/em. CONQUER- 

ESS.] One who conquers; victor. 

CONQUEST (kong'kwest), n. I. Act of conquer- 
ing. 2. That which is conquered or acquired 
by physical or moral force. 3. Act of gaining 
the affections of another. [O. Fr.] 

CONSANGUINEOUS ( kon-san-gwin'e-us ), o. 
Related by blood; of the same family or de- 
scent. [L. consanguineus ; from con-, with, 
and sanguis, blood.] 

CONSANGUINITY (kon-san-gwin'i-ti), n. Re- 
lationship by blood — opposed to affinity or re- 
lationship by marriage. 

CONSCIENCE (kon'shens), n. 1. Knowledge of 
our own acts and feelings as right or wrong. 
2. Sense of duty; scrupulousness. 3. Faculty 
or principle by which we distinguish right from 
wrong. [Fr.; from L. conscientia, knowl- 
edge.] 

CONSCIENCELESS (kon'shens-les), a. Without 
conscience. 

CONSCIENCE-MONEY (kon'shens-mun-i), n. 
Money restored to relieve conscience of wrong- 
doing. 

CONSCIENTIOUS (kon-shi-en'shus), a. Regu- 
lated by a regard to conscience; scrupulous. 

CONSCIENTIOUSLY (kon-shi-en'shus-li), adv. 
In a conscientious manner. 

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS ( kon-shi-en'shus-nes ), 
n. Quality of being conscientious. 

CONSCIONABLE (kon'shun-a-bl), a. Governed 
or regulated by conscience; just. 

CONS CION ABLY ( kon'shun-a-bli ), adv. In a 
conscionabie manner. 

CONSCIOUS (kon'shus), a. 1. Aware of one's 
own existence. 2. Having the faculty of 
consciousness. 3. Having the feeling or 
internal knowledge of something; aware. 4. 
Self-conscious. [L. conscius; from con-, with, 
and scio, know.] 

CONSCIOUSLY (kon'shus-li), adv. In a con- 
scious manner. 

CONSCIOUSNESS (kon'shus-nes), n. 1. Waking 
state of the mind. 2. Knowledge which the 
mind has of its own acts and feelings. 3. 
Self-consciousness. 

CONSCRIPT Ccon'skript), I. a. Enrolled; reg- 
istered. II. n. One enrolled and liable to 
serve as a soldier or marine. [L. conscriptus, 
p.p. of conscribo, write together.] 

CONSCRIPT (kon-skripf), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
SCRIPT'ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSCRIPT'ED.] 
Compel to serve as a soldier or marine; draft 
into the army or navy. 

CONSCRIPTION (kon-skrip'shun), n. Com- 
pulsory enrollment of men for military or naval 
service. 

CONSECRATE (kon'se-krat), vt. [pr.p. CON'- 
SECRATING; p.t. and p.p. CONSECRATED.] 
1. Set apart for a holy use. 2. Render holy; 
hallow. 3. Devote to a sacred or high pur- 
pose. 4. Canonize. [L. consecratus, p.p. of 
consecro, make wholly sacred; from con-, 



together, and sacro, set apart as sacred: sacer, 
sacred.] 

SYN. Sanctify; hallow; ordain; dedicate; 
devote. ANT. Desecrate; profane. 

CONSECRATION (kon-se-kra'shun), n. 1. Act 
of consecrating. 2. State of being consecra- 
ted. 

CONSECRATOR (kon'se-kra-tur), n. One who 
consecrates. 

CONSECRATORY (kon'se-kra-to-ri), a. Used in 
consecration. 

CONSECUTIVE (kon-sek'u-tiv), a. 1. Follow- 
ing in regular order. 2. Succeeding or re- 
sulting. [L. consecutus, p.p. of consequor, 
follow after; from con-, together, and sequor, 
follow.] 

CONSECUTIVELY (kon-sek'u-tiv-li), adv. In 
a consecutive manner. 

CONSENSUAL (kon-sen'sho-al), a. 1. Law. 
Existing by consent. 2. Phys. Excited; caused 
by, or dependent upon sensation; sympa- 
thetic. 

CONSENSUS (kon-sen'sus), n. General agree- 
ment or concurrence. [L. ; from con-, together, 
and sentio, feel.] 

CONSENT (kon-senf), vi. [pr.p. CONSENT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSENT'ED.] Give assent; 
agree; comply; yield. [L. consentio, agree; 
from con-, together, and sentio, feel, 
think.] 

SYN. Accede; concede; allow; permit; 
concur; acquiesce. ANT. Resist; disagree; 
dissent; decline; refuse. 

CONSENT (kon-senf), n. 1. Voluntary com- 
pliance or agreement; acquiescence. 2. Agree- 
ment or sympathy in feeling or thought; con- 
cord. 

SYN. Accord; assent; agreement; ac- 
quiescence; compliance; concurrence; au- 
thority; permit; leave; permission; sanction. 

CONSENTANEOUS (kon-sen-ta'ne-us), a. Agree- 
able or accordant; consistent with. 

CONSENTANEOUSLY(kon-sen-ta'ne-us-li),adt>. 
In a consentaneous manner. 

CONSENTANEOUSNESS(kon-sen-ta'ne-us-nes), 
n. Quality of being consentaneous. 

CONSENTER (kon-sent'er), n. One who con- 
sents. 

CONSENTIENT (kon-sen'shent), a. Agreeing in 
mind or opinion. 

CONSENTINGLY (kon-sent'ing-li), adv. With 
consent or concurrence. 

CONSEQUENCE (kon'se-kwens), n. 1. That 
which follows or comes after as a result; ef- 
fect. 2. Importance; moment; considera- 
tion. 3. Logic. Deduction; inference drawn 
from preceding propositions. [L. consequen- 
tial from consequens, pr.p. of consequor, fol- 
low with.] 

SYN. Effect; result; issue; inference; 
importance; weight; value; significance. 
ANT. Cause; insignificance. 

CONSEQUENT (kon'se-kwent), I. a. 1. Fol- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch lock. 



CONSEQUENTIAL 



371 



CONSISTENT 






lowing as a natural effect or deduction. 2. 
Logical. II. n. 1. That which follows. 2. 
Natural effect of a cause. 

CONSEQUENTIAL (kon-se-kwen'shal), a. 1. 
Following as a result. 2. Having a logical 
connection. 3. Self-important; conceited; 
pompous; proud. 

CONSE QUENTI ALL Y ( kon-se-kwen'shal-i), adv. 
In a consequential manner. 

CONSEQUENTLY (kon'se-quent-li), adv. In 
consequence; as a consequence; therefore; 
necessarily. 

CONSERVABLE (kon-serv'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being conserved. 

CONSERVANCY (kdn-serv'an-si), n. 1. Con- 
servation; preservation. 2. In England, 
commission or court having jurisdiction over 
rivers, to regulate the fisheries, navigation, etc. 

CONSERVANT (kon-serv'ant), a. Conserving. 

CONSERVATION (kon-ser-va'shun), n. Act of 
conserving. — Conservation of energy, nat- 
ural law that the total amount of energy in a 
material system cannot be varied, provided 
the system neither parts with energy to other 
bodies nor receives it from them. 

CONSERVATISM (kon-serv'a-tizm), n. Oppo- 
sition to radical innovations or measures. 

CONSERVATIVE ( kon-serv'a-tiv ), I. a. 1. 
Tending or having power to conserve. 2. Dis- 
posed to uphold established institutions. II. 
n. One who desires to preserve the institutions 
of his country against innovation and 
change. 

CONSERVATOR (kon'ser-va-tur), n. [fern. 
CON'SERVATRIX.] 1. Guardian; custodian; 
protector. 2. Law. Any person appointed 
to conserve, preserve, or watch over any- 
thing. 

CONSERVATORY ( kon-serv'a-to-ri ), n . [pi. 
CONSERVATORIES.] 1. Greenhouse or 

place in which exotic plants are kept. 2. 
School of music, or of art, science, etc. 

CONSERVATRIX (kon'ser-va-triks), n. Female 
conservator. 

CONSERVE (kon-serv'), vt. [pr.p. CONSERV- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSERVED (kon-servd').] 
Preserve or protect from injury or loss. [L. 
conservo; from con-, together, and servo, keep.] 

CONSERVE (kon'serv), n. 1. Sweetmeat. 2. 
Pharm. Electuary. 

CONSERVER (kon-serv'er), n. One who makes 
conserves. 

CONSIDER (kon-sid'er), v. [pr.p. CONSIDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONSIDERED (kon-sid- 
erd).] I. vt. 1. Look at closely or carefully. 
2. Think or deliberate on. 3. Take into ac- 
count. 4. Look upon as of importance. 5. 
Estimate; regard; view. 6. Remunerate. 
II. vi. Think seriously or carefully; deliberate. 
[L. considero; from con-, with, and sidus, 
sideris, star.] 

SYN. Ponder; weigh; study; reflect; 
meditate; contemplate; examine; regard; 



consult; deliberate; cogitate; ruminate. 
ANT. Disregard; overlook; neglect; slight; 
ignore. 

CONSIDERABLE (kon-sid'er-a-bl), a. 1. Of 
some size, amount, or quality. 2. Worthy 
of being considered. 3. Important. 

CONSIDERABLY (kon-sid'er-a-bli), adv. In a 
degree deserving consideration. 

CONSIDERATE (kon-sid'er-at), a. Thoughtful 
for the feelings of others. 

CONSIDERATELY (kon-sid'er-at-li), adv. In a 
considerate manner. 

CONSIDERATENESS ( kon-sid'er-at-nes ), n. 
Thoughtfulness for others. 

CONSIDERATION (kon-sid-er-5'shun), n. 1. 
Deliberation. 2. Importance. 3. Motive 
or reason. 4. Compensation; reward. 5. 
Basis of a contract. 6. Thought; regard, 
attention, or respect for the feelings or opin- 
ions of others. 

CONSIDERER (kon-sid'er-er), n. One who con- 
siders. 

CONSIDERING (kon-sid'er-ing), prep. In view 
of; seeing that. 

CONSIGN (kon-sin'), vt. [pr.p. CONSIGNING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSIGNED (kon-sind').] 1. 
Hand over or deliver. 2. Intrust; commit. 
3. Transmit for sale or custody. [L. con- 
signo, attest.] 

SYN. Commit; deliver; resign; intrust. 

CONSIGNABLE (kon-sin'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being consigned. 

CONSIGNEE (kon-sin-e'), n. One to whom any- 
thing is consigned. 

CONSIGNER (kon-sin'er), n. Same as CON- 
SIGNOR. 

CONSIGNMENT (kon-sin'ment), n. 1. Act of 
consigning. 2. That which is consigned; 
shipment of merchandise. 

CONSIGNOR kon-sin-ar' or kon-sin'ur), n. 
One who consigns or makes a consignment. 

CONSIST (kon-sisf), vi. [pr. p. CONSISTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSIST'ED.] 1. Be composed or 
made up; be comprised. 2. Continue to exist; 
subsist. 3. Be compatible; harmonize; agree. 
[L. consisto; from con-, together, and sisto, 
stand.] 

CONSISTENCE (kon-sist'ens), n. Same as CON- 
SISTENCY. 

CONSISTENCY (kon-sist'en-si), n. [pi. CON- 
SISTENCIES.] 1. Degree of density. 2. 
Agreement; accord; harmony. 3. Substance; 
form; firmness of nature or character. 4. 
Persistence; durability. 5. Combined or 
united body. 

CONSISTENT (kon-sist'ent), a. 1. Not con- 
tradictory; congruous; harmonious. 2. Act- 
ing up to one's profession. 3. Holding to- 
gether; firm; solid; not fluid. 

SYN. Accordant; congruous; uniform; 
coherent; compatible; consonant. ANT. 
Contradictory; antagonistic; discordant; 
incompatible; inconsistent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONSISTENTLY 



273 



CONSPIRER 



adv. 



In 



Of or 



CONSISTENTLY (kon-sist'ent-li), 
consistent manner. 

CONSISTORIAL ( kon-sis-to'ri-al ), a. 
pertaining to a consistory. 

CONSISTORY (kon-sis'to-ri), n. [pi. CONSIS- 
TORIES.] 1. Assembly or council. 2. De- 
liberative and judicial assembly of ministers 
of any church. 3. Court of a bishop, held in 
the cathedral church for the trial of ecclesias- 
tical causes. 4. College of cardinals at Rome. 
5. Particular place where the privy council 
of the Roman emperor met, or the council 
itself. 6. Scottish rite body of Free-Masons 
empowered to confer the higher degrees of 
that order. [L. consistorium, place of as- 
sembly.] 

CONSOCIATE (kon-so'shi-at), v. [pr.p. CON- 
SO'CIATING; p.t. and p.p. CONSO'CIATED.] 
I. vt. Unite or join together. II. vi. Meet 
in a consociation. [L. consociatus, p.p.. of 
consocio; from con-, together, and socio, join.] 

CONSOCIATION (kon-so-shi-a'shun), n. 1. 
Alliance; union; association. 2. Union or 
fellowship of churches, by means of the 
pastors and delegates. 

CONSOLABLE (kon-so'la-bl), a. Capable of 
being consoled. 

CONSOLATION (kon-so-la'shun), n. 1. Alle- 
viation of misery. 2. Comforting circum- 
stance; source or cause of comfort. 3. State 
of being consoled. 

S YN. Solace ; alleviation ; support ; relief ; 
encouragement. ANT. Discouragement. 

CONSOLATORY (kon-sol'a-to-ri), a. Conso- 
ling; comforting. 

CONSOLE (kon-sol'), vt. [pr.p. CONSO'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSOLED (kon-sold').] Give 
solace or comfort to; cheer in 
distress. [L. consolor; from con-, 
together, and solor, comfort.] 

CONSOLE (kon'sol), n. Arch. 
Bracket; corbel. — Console table, 
table having one of its sides sup- 
ported against a wall by consoles 
or brackets. [Fr.] 

CONSOLER (kon-so'ler), n. One 
who consoles. 

CONSOLIDANT (kon-sol'i-dant), I. 

a. Having the power of uniting wounds. II* 
n. Medicine that unites or closes up wounds. 

CONSOLIDATE (kon-sol i-dat), v. [pr.p. CON- 
SOLIDATING;^*, and p.p.CONSOI/IDATED.] 
I. vt. 1. Make solid; solidify. 2. Bring into 
close union; combine into one. II. vi. 1. 
Grow solid or firm. 2. Become united. 
[L. consolido; con-, together, and solidus, 
solid.] 

CONSOLIDATION (kon-sol-i-da'shun), n. Act 
of making or becoming solid. 

CONSOLS ( kon'solz ), n.pl. Abbreviation for 
"consolidated annuities," that part of the 
British national debt which consists of several 
stocks consolidated into one fund. 




Console 



CONSOMME (kong-so-ma/), n. Clear soup made 
from meat by slow boiling. [Fr.; from L. con- 
summo, consummate.] 

CONSONANCE (kon'so-nans), n. 1. State of 
agreement. 2. Agreement or unison of sounds. 
3. Music. Concord. [L. consonantia; from 
consonans, pr.p. of consono, sound together.] 

CONSONANCY (kon'so-nan-si), n. Harmony; 
consonance. 

CONSONANT (kon'so-nant), I. a. 1. Consistent. 

2. Suitable. 3. Harmonious. 4. Consonantal. 
II. n. 1. Articulation which can be sounded 
easily only with a vowel. 2. Letter of the 
alphabet other than a vowel. [L. consonans. 
See CONSONANCE.] 

CONSONANTAL (kon-so-nan'tal), a. 1. Of the 
nature of a consonant. 2. Pertaining to or 
connected with consonants. 

CONSONANTLY (kon'so-nant-li), adv. In a con- 
sistent manner. 

CONSONOUS (kon'so-nus), a. Harmonious. 

CONSORT (kon'sart), n. 1. Companion; wife 
or husband. 2. Naut. Vessel keeping com- 
pany with another. 3. Companionship; asso- 
ciation; company. [L. consors; from con-, to- 
gether, and sors, sortis, lot.] 

CONSORT (kon-sarf), v. [pr.p. CONSORT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSORTED.] I. vt. Unite or 
join in harmony. II. vi. Associate or keep 
company. 

CONSPECTUS (kon-spek'tus), n. 1. Compre- 
hensive survey; general view. 2. Abstract; 
synopsis; prospectus. [L.; from con-, together, 
and specio, see.] 

CONSPICUOUS (kon-spik'u-us), a. 1. Plainly 
visible; prominent. 2. Notable; eminent. 

3. Attracting attention; striking. [L. con- 
spicuus; from conspicio, see clearly.] 

CONSPICUOUSLY (kon-spik'u-us-li), adv. In a 
conspicuous manner. 

CONSPICUOUSNESS (kon-spik'u-us-nes), n. 
Quality or condition of being conspicuous. 

CONSPIRACY (kon-spir'a-si), n. [pi. CON- 
SPIR'ACIES.] 1. Combination of two or more 
persons for a criminal or wrongful purpose; 
plot. 2. Concurrence or general tendency of 
things to one end or event. 3. Law. Com- 
bination of two or more persons to commit any 
unlawful act that may injure any third person 
or persons. 

SYN. Intrigue; cabal; plot; combination; 
connivance; collusion; confederacy. 

CONSPIRATOR (kon-spir'a-tur), w. One who 
conspires. 

CONSPIRE (kon-spir'), v. [pr.p. CONSPIR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSPIRED (kon-spird').] I. vt. 
Plot or plan; contrive. II. vi. 1. Engage in a 
conspiracy; plot or scheme together. 2. Con- 
cur to one end or event. [L. conspiro; from 
con-, together, and spiro, breathe.] 

SYN. Combine; cooperate; confederate; 
plot; league; intrigue; scheme. 

CONSPIRER (kun'spir'er), n. Conspirator. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gucle; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONSTABLE 



273 



CONSTRICTED 



CONSTABLE (kun'sta-bl), n. 1. Officer who 
serves writs for a minor court. 2. In the 
middle ages, a state-officer of the highest 
rank. [O. Fr. conestable; from L. comes 
stabuli, count of the stable.] 

CONSTABLESHIP (kun'sta-bl-ship), n. Office 
or position of a constable. 

CONSTABULARY ( kon-stab'u-la-ri), I. n. 
[pi. CONSTABULARIES.] Body of con- 
stables. II. a. Of or pertaining to con- 
stables. 

CONSTANCY (kon'stan-si), n. 1. Fixedness of 
purpose; resolution; perseverance. 2. Faith- 
ful attachment; fidelity. 3. Endurance of 
affection. 4. Devotion to principle; stead- 
fastness. 

SYN. Fixedness; firmness; stability; 
steadiness; permanence; resolution; stead- 
fastness; decision; uniformity; regularity. 
ANT. Inconstancy; fickleness. 

CONSTANT (kon'stant), I. a. 1. Unchanging; 
continuous; unceasing. 2. Frequent; contin- 
ual. 3. Firm and steadfast in affection. 
II. n. 1. Physics. That which remains un- 
changed, as the laws of gravity or the 
revolutions of the earth. 2. Math. Quantity 
which remains the same throughout a prob- 
lem. [Fr. constant; from L. constans, pr.p. of 
consto, stand firm; con-, together, and sto, 
stand.] 

SYN. Stable; fixed; permanent; unalter- 
able; immutable; perpetual; continual; 
steadfast; uniform; faithful; true; trust- 
worthy; regular; stated; certain; invariable. 
ANT. Fickle; inconstant; changeable; ca- 
pricious; crotchety; vacillating; variable; 
wavering; whimsical. 

Constantinople (kon-stan-ti-no'pi), «. cap- 
ital of Ottoman Empire, Turkey. 

CONSTANTLY (kon'stant-li), adv. In a constant 
manner. 

CONSTELLATION (kon-stel-la'shun), n. 1. 
Group of stars within the limits of an imagin- 
ary figure, or part of the heavens containing 
such group. 2. Assemblage of excellences or 
of eminent persons. [L. constellus, studded 
with stars; from con-, with, together, and 
Stella, star.] 

CONSTERNATION (kon-ster-na'shun), n. Terror 
which throws into confusion; dismay. [L. 
consternatio ; from con-, together, and sterno, 
strew.] 

CONSTIPATE (kon'sti-pat), vt. [pr.p. CON'- 
STIPATING; p.t. and p.p. CON'STIPATED.] 
Stop up; make costive. [L. constipo; from 
con-, together, and stipo, crowd.] 

CONSTIPATION (kon-sti-pa'shun), n. Cos- 
tiveness;. an irregular and insufficient action 
of the bowels. 

CONSTITUENCY (kon-stit'u-en-si), n. [pi. CON- 
STITUENCIES.] Body of voters for electing 
a member of a legislative body; body of sup- 
porters. 



CONSTITUENT (kon-stit'u-ent), I. a. 1. Con- 
stituting or forming; component. 2. Having 
the right or power of constituting, electing 
or appointing. II. n. 1. Essential or elemental 
part. 2. One of those who elect a represen- 
tative. 3. He who or that which constitutes 
anything. [L. constituens; from con-, together, 
and statuo, cause to stand.] 

CONSTITUTE (kon'sti-tut), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
STITUTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTITUTED.] 
1. Set up; establish. 2. Form or compose. 
3. Appoint; dispute. 4. Enact. [L. constitu- 
tes, p.p. of constituo, cause to stand.] 

CONSTITUTION (kon-sti-tu'shun), n. 1. Act 
of constituting. 2. Natural condition of 
body or mind; temperament; disposition. 3. 
System of organic laws for the government 
of a state, association, etc. 4. Natural quali- 
ties of any compound material body. 

CONSTITUTIONAL (kon-sti-tu'shun-al), I. a. 1. 
Inherent in the natural frame of body or mind; 
natural. 2. Agreeable to the constitution or 
frame of government. 3. Existing or govern- 
ing under the provisions of a constitution. II. 
n. Walk for the sake of one's health. 

CONSTITUTIONALISM (kon-sti-tu'shun-al- 
izm), n. Adherence to the principles of con- 
stitutional government. 

CONSTITUTIONALLY Y(kon-sti-tu-shun-al'i-ti), 
n. State or quality of being constitutional. 

CONSTITUTIONALLY ( kon-sti-tu'shun-al-i ), 
adv. In accordance with the constitution. 

CONSTITUTIVE (kon'sti-tu-tiv), a. 1. That 
constitutes or establishes. 2. Having power 
to enact, constitute, or establish. 3. Essen- 
tial; determinative. 

CONSTRAIN (kon-stran'), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
STRAINING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRAINED 
(kon-strand').] 1. Urge with irresistible power; 
force; compel. 2. Confine or restrain by force; 
bind; clasp; hold fast. [O. Fr. constraindre; 
from L. constringo, bind together.] 

SYN. Coerce; impel; intimidate. ANT. 
Persuade; induce. 

CONSTRAINABLE (kon-stran'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being restrained. 

CONSTRAINED (kon-strand'), a. 1. Forced; 
compelled. 2. Embarrassed. 

CONSTRAINEDLY (kon-stran'ed-li), adv. By 
compulsion or restraint. 

CONSTRAINER (kon-stran'er), n. One who 
constrains. 

CONSTRAINT (kon-stranf), n. 1. Act of re- 
straining; compulsion; confinement; repres- 
sion. 2. Reserve; reticence. 

CONSTRICT (kon-strikf), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
STRICTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRICT'ED.] 
Contract; cramp; bind. [L. constrictus. p.p. of 
constringo, bind together.] 

CONSTRICTED ( kon-strikt'ed), a. 1. Nar- 
rowed; cramped. 2. Bot. Contracted or 
tightened, so as to be smaller in some parts 
than in others. 



fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CONSTRICTION 



274 



CONSUMPTION 



CONSTRICTION (kon-strik'shun), n. Compres- 
sion; contraction; astringency. 

CONSTRICTIVE (kon-strikt'iv), a. Binding; 
contracting; astringent. 

CONSTRICTOR (kon-strikt'fir), n. 1. That 
which constricts or draws together. 2. Zool. 
Large serpent that crushes its prey in its folds, 
as the boa-constrictor. 

CONSTRINGENT (kon-strin'jent), o. Having 
the quality of binding or contracting; astrin- 
gent. [L. constringens, pr.p. of constringo, 
bind tightly.] 

CONSTRUCT (kon-strukf), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
STRUCTING; p.t. and p.p. CONSTRUCTED.] 
1. Put together the component parts of a 
material structure; build; frame. 2. Form or 
fabricate by the mind; make up. [L. con- 
structus, p.p. of construo, put together; from 
con-, together, and struo, build.] 

SYN. Compose; build; fabricate; form; 
erect; invent; originate. ANT. Demolish; 
raze; overthrow; destroy. 

CONSTRUCTER (kon-strukt'er), n. One who 
constructs; builder. 

CONSTRUCTION (kon-struk'shun), n. 1. Act 
of constructing. 2. That which is constructed; 
building; ed fice. 3. Interpretation; meaning. 
4. Gram. Arrangement of words in a sentence. 

CONSTRUCTIONAL ( kon-struk'shun-al ), a. 
Pertaining to construction. 

CONSTRUCTIVE ( kon-strukt'iv), a. 1. Ca- 
pable of constructing. 2. Not direct or ex- 
pressed, but inferred. 

CONSTRUCTIVELY (kon-strukt'iv-li), adv. In 
a constructive manner. 

CONSTRUCTIVENESS (kon-strukt'iv-nes), n. 
1. Tendency to form or construct. " 2. Con- 
structive ability. 

CONSTRUCTOR (kon-strukt'ur), n. Same as 
CONSTRUCTER. 

CONSTRUE (kon'stro), v. [pr.p. CON'STRUING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSTRUED (kon'strod).] I. vt. 
1. Translate. 2. Interpret; explain. II. vi. 
Explain grammatically. [L. construo; from 
con-, together, and struo, heap.] 

CONSUBSTANTIAL (kon-sub-stan'shal), a. Of 
the same substance, nature, or essence. 

CONSUBSTANTIALLY ( kon-sub-stan'shal-i ), 
adv. With sameness of substance. 

CONSUBSTANTIATE (kon-sub-stan'shi-at), v. 
[pr.p. CONSUBSTAN'TIATING; p.t. and p.p. 
CONSUBSTAN'TIATED.] I. vt. Unite in one 
common substance or nature. II. vi. Hold 
the doctrine of consubstantiation. 

CONSUBSTANTIATION ( kon-sub-stan-shi-a'- 
shun), n. Doctrine that after consecration the 
eucharistic elements, though existing in their 
original form, are substantially conjoined with 
the body and blood of Christ. [L. con-, to- 
gether, and substantia, substance.] 

CONSUL (kon'sul), n. 1. One commissioned to 
reside in a foreign country as an agent for, or 
representative of, the commercial interests of 



a government. 2. One of two chief magis- 
trates in the Roman republic. [L.; from 
consulo, consider.] 

CONSULAR (kon'su-lar), a. Pertaining to a con- 
sul. 

CONSULAR-CLERK ( kon'su-lar-klerk ), n. 
Commissioned consular official, aid to con- 
sul and empowered to act as consul when 
that official is absent from his post. 

CONSULAR-COURT (kon'su-Iar-kort), n. Court 
organized wherein consuls exercise judicial 
functions in countries where extra-territo- 
riality is recognized. 

CONSULATE (kon'su-lat), n. 1. Office or term 
of a consul. 2. Residence or jurisdiction of 
a consul. 

CONSUL-GENERAL (kon'sul-jen-er-al), n. Con- 
sul bearing this title with consular jurisdiction 
over all other consuls in same district. 

CONSULSHIP (kon'sul-ship), n. Office, or term 
of office, of a consul. 

CONSULT (kon-sult), v. [pr.p. CONSULTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSULT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Ask 
advice of. 2. Decide or act in favor of. 3. 
Look up to for information or advice. 4. Dis- 
cuss; consider. 5. Take measures for the 
advantage of. II. vi. 1. Consider in com- 
pany. 2. Take counsel. [L. consulto, freq. 
of consulo, consult.] 

CONSULTATION (kon-sul-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of consulting. 2. Meeting, as of physicians 
or lawyers, for deliberation or conference. 

CONSULTATIVE (kon-sulta-tiv), a. Of or per- 
taining to consultation, especially of bodies 
taking part in a consultation without voting 
on the decision. 

CONSULTER (kon-sult'er), n. One who con- 
sults. 

CONSULTING (kon-sult'ing), a. Imparting, or 
capable of imparting, advice, as a consulting 
physician. 

CONSUMABLE (kon-su'ma-bl), a. That may 
be consumed. 

CONSUME (kon-sum'), v. [pr.p. CONSU'MING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONSUMED (kon-sumd').] I. vt. 

1. Destroy by wasting, fire, evaporation, etc. 

2. Use up. 3. Devour. 4. Waste or spend; 
exhaust. 5. Wear away mentally. II. vi. 
Waste away; be exhausted. [L. consumo.] 

SYN. See EAT. 

CONSUMER (kon-su'mer), n. One who con- 
sumes, as opposed to PRODUCER. 

CONSUMMATE (kon'sum-at or ccn-sum'at), vt. 
[pr.p. CONSUMMATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- 
SUMMATED.] Complete; perfect; finish. [L. 
consummatus, p.p. of consummo, finish.] 

CONSUMMATE (kon-sum'at), a. Of the highest 
degree or quality; perfect; complete. 

CONSUMMATELY ( kon-sum 'at-li), adv. Per- 
fectly; completely. 

CONSUMMATION (kon-sum-ma'shun), n. 1. 
Act of consummating. 2. End or completion. 

CONSUMPTION (kon-sump'shun), n. 1. Act of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scoicli gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



CONSUMPTIVE 



275 



CONTEMPTUOUS 



consuming — the converse of PRODUCTION. 

2. State or process of gradual waste and decay. 

3. Pathol. Phthisis; tuberculosis. [L. con- 
sumption a consuming, from consumptus, p.p. 
of consumo, consume.] 

CONSUMPTIVE (kon-sump'tiv), I. a. 1. Wast- 
ing away. 2. Inclined to the disease, con- 
sumption. II. n. Person affected with con- 
sumption or phthisis. 

CONSUMPTIVELY (kon-sump'tiv-li), adv. In a 
manner tending toward consumption. 

CONSUMPTIVENESS (kon-sump'tiv-nes), n. 
Tendency to consumption. 

CONTACT (kon'takt), n. 1. Touching or close 
union; meeting. 2. Math. Coincidence, as of 
two curves in two or more successive points. 
[L. contactus, p.p. of contingo; con-, together, 
and tango, touch.] 

SYN. Touch; juxtaposition; junction; 
contiguity. ANT. Interval; separation; 
Isolation; interruption; disconnection. 

CONTACTOR (kon'takt-ur), n. Elec. Electric 
or magnetic device for uniting electric cur- 
rents. 

CONTAGION (kon-tajun), n. 1. Pathol. Trans- 
mission of a disease from the sick to the 
healthy, either by direct contact of a part af- 
fected with the disease, or through the me- 
dium of the excretions or exhalations of the 
body. 2. Pestilent matter of any kind. 3. 
Communication of anything deleterious to 
the mind or heart. [L. contagio, a touching, 
contact.] 

SYN. Infection. 

CONTAGIOUS (kon-tajus), a. 1. Communica- 
ting one to another or to others; catching. 2. 
Transmissible by contact. 3. Transmitting 
contagion. 

CONTAGIOUSLY (kon-ta'jus-li), adv. In a con- 
tagious manner. 

CONTAGIOUSNESS (kon-ta'jus-nes), n. Quality 
of being contagious. 

CONTAIN (kon-tan), v. [pr.p. CONTAINING; 
p.U and p.p. CONTAINED (kon-tand).] I. 
vt. 1. Hold. 2. Comprise; include. 3. Keep 
within bounds; restrain. 4. Have capacity 
for. II. vi. Live in continence. [L. continco; 
from con-, together, and teneo, hold.] 

CONTAINABLE (kon-tan'a-bl), a. That may be 
contained. 

CONTAINER (kon-tan'er), n. One who or that 
which contains. 

CONTAMINABLE (kon-tam'i-na-bl), a. That 
may be contaminated. 

CONTAMINATE (kon-tam'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
TAMINATING; p.t. and p.p. CONTAMINA- 
TED.] Defile by touching or mixing with; pol- 
lute; corrupt; infect; taint. [L. contamina- 
tus, p.p. of contamino, defile; from contamen, 
contagion.] 

SYN. Pollute; defile; sully; taint; tarnish; 
stain; corrupt; deprave; infect. ANT. Pu- 
rify; rectify; reform. 



CONTAMINATION (kon-tam-i-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of contaminating or state of being con- 
taminated. 2. That which contaminates. 

CONTAMINATIVE (kon-tam'i-na-tiv), a. Hav- 
ing a tendency to contaminate. 

CONTEMN (kon-tem ), vt. [pr.p. CONTEM- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. CONTEMNED (kon- 
temd').] View with contempt; despise; dis- 
dain; scorn. [L. contemno, despise.] 

SYN. Spurn; slight; detest. ANT. Cher- 
ish; esteem; value. 

CONTEMNER (kon-tem'ner), n. One who con- 
temns. 

CONTEMPLATE (kon'tem-plat or con-tem'- 
plat), v. [pr.p. CONTEMPLATING; p.t. and 
p.p. CON'TEMPLATED.] I. vt. 1. Consider 
or look at attentively. 2. Meditate on or 
study. 3. Intend. II. vi. Think seriously; 
meditate. [L. contemplatus, p.p. of contem- 
plor, observe.] 

SYN. Behold; observe; study; ponder; 
muse; intend; design. ANT. Ignore; over- 
look; waive; abandon. 

CONTEMPLATION (kon-tem-pla'shun), n. 1. 
Act or process of contemplating. 2. Faculty 
of study. 

CONTEMPLATIVE (kon-tem'pla-tiv), a. Given 
to contemplation. 

CONTEMPLATIVELY (kon-tem'pla-t : v-li), adv. 
In a contemplative manner. 

CONTEMPLATIVENESS (kon-tem'pla-tiv-nes), 
n. Quality or condition of being contemplative. 

CONTEMPLATOR (kon'tem-pla-tur), n. One 
given to contemplation. 

CONTEMPORANEOUS (kon-tem-pd-ra'ne-us), 
a. Living, being, or happening at the same 
time. [L. con-, together, and temporaneus; 
from tempus, temporis, time.] 

CONTEMPORANEOUSLY (kon-tem-po-ra'ne- 
us-li), adv. Simultaneously. 

CONTEMPORANEOUSNESS (kon-tem-po-ra'- 
ne-us-nes), n. Quality or state of being con- 
temporaneous. 

CONTEMPORARY ( kon-tem 'po-ra-ri), I. a. 
Contemporaneous. II. n. [pi. CONTEM'- 
PORARIES.] 1. One who lives at the same 
time with another. 2. Rival newspaper or 
magazine. 

CONTEMPT (kon-tempf), n. 1. Act of con- 
temning; scorn; disdain. 2. State or condi- 
tion of being despised or scorned. 3. Law. 
Offense against the dignity of a court. [L. 
contemptus; from contemno, despise.] 

SYN. Derision; mockery; neglect; disre- 
gard. ANT. Consideration; praise; ap- 
plause; honor. 

CONTEMPTIBLE (kon-tempt'i-bl), a. Despic- 
able; mean; low; vile. 

CONTEMPTIBLENESS (kon-tempt'i-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being contemptible. 

CONTEMPTIBLY (kon-tempt'i-bli), adv. In a 
contemptible manner; meanly; basely. 

CONTEMPTUOUS (kon-tempt'u-us), a. Ex- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch- 



CONTEMPTUOUSLY 



276 



CONTINENTAL, 



pressing contempt or disdain; scornful; dis- 
dainful. 

CONTE3IPTUOUSLY (kon-tempt'u-us-li), adv. 
In a manner expressive of contempt. 

CONTEND (kon-tend'),v. [pr.p. CONTENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTENDED.] I. vt. Dispute; 
contest. II. vi. 1. Struggle in emulation or in 
opposition; strive. 2. Dispute or debate. 3. 
Urge one's course. [L. contendo; from con-, 
together, and tendo, stretch.] 

SYN. Vie; cope; compete; dispute; con- 
test. ANT. Resign; concede; allow; re- 
linquish; forego; surrender; waive. 

CONTENDER (kon-tend'er), n. One who con- 
tends. 

CONTENT (kontent), n. That which is con- 
tained in anything, usually in the plural — as 
the contents of a book, vessel, etc. [L. con- 
tentus, p.p. of contineo, contain.] 

CONTENT (kon-tent), I. a. Having the desires 
limited by present enjoyment; satisfied. II. 
n. ; Satisfaction. [L. contentus, contained, 
hence satisfied.] 

CONTENT ( kon-tent), vt. [pr.p. CONTENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTENT'ED.j Meet the wishes 
of; satisfy; appease; gratify; make content. 

SYN. Suffice; please; humor. ANT. Dis- 
satisfy; displease. 

CONTENTED (kon-tented), a. 1. Satisfied; 
content. 2. Willing; agreed; resigned. 

CONTENTEDLY (kon-tent'ed-li), adv. In a con- 
tented manner. 

CONTENTEDNESS (kon-tent'ed-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being contented. 

CONTENTION (kon-ten'shun), n. 1. Violent 
straining after any object; strife; debate; 
altercation. 2. Point argued or contended 
for. 3. Argument supporting point con- 
tended for. 

SYN. Struggle competition; emulation; 
litigation; quarrel; conflict; feud; dissen- 
sion; variance; disagreement; discord; dis- 
pute; debate; controversy. ANT. Concord; 
agreement; harmony; unanimity. 

CONTENTIOUS (kon-ten'shus), a. Given or 
disposed to contention; quarrelsome. 

CONTENTIOUSLY (kon-ten'shus-li), adv. In a 
contentious manner. 

CONTENTIOUSNESS (kon-ten'shus-nes), n. 
Quality of being contentious. 

CONTENTMENT (kon-tent'ment), n. State or 
condition of being contented. 

CONTERMINAL (kon-ter'mi-nal), a. Conter- 
minous. 

CONTERMINOUS (kon-ter'mi-nus), a. 1. Hav- 
ing a common boundary. 2. Coextensive with 
in time, substance, etc. [L. conterminus; 
from con-, together, and fermintts,boundary.] 

CONTEST (kon-test), v. [pr.p. CONTESTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTESTED.] I. vt. 1. Call in 
question or make the subject of dispute. 2. 
Strive for. 3. Law. Resist or dispute. II. 
vi. Engage in strife or contention. [L. con- 



tcstor, call to witness; from con-, together, and 
testor, bear witness; testis, witness.] 

SYN. Controvert; contend; dispute; de- 
bate; oppose; argue; litigate. ANT. Ac- 
quiesce; accept. 

CONTEST (kon'test), n. Act of contesting; strug- 
gle for superiority; strife; debate. 

CONTESTABLE (kon-test'a-bl), a. That may be 
contested; disputable. 

CONTESTANT (kon-test'ant), n . One who con- 
tests. 

CONTESTATION (kon-tes-ta'shun), n. Act of 
contesting; contest. 

CONTESTED (kon-test'ed), a. 1. Disputed. 2. 
Decided by contest. 

CONTEXT (kon'tekst), n. Portions of a dis- 
course or treatise which precede and follow a 
special passage and fix its true meaning. [L. 
contextus, connection; from con-, together, 
and texo, weave.] 

CONTEXTURAL ( kon-teks'tu-ral ), a. Produ- 
cing contexture; weaving. 

CONTEXTURE (kon-teks'tur), n. 1. Inter- 
woven fabric. 2. Structure or system of 
anything; texture. 

CONTIGUITY (k_on-tig-gu'i-ti), n. 1. State of 
being in contact, or very near, or continuous. 
2. Psych. Proximity either in place or in time. 

CONTIGUOUS (kon-tig'u-us), a. Touching; 
adjoining; near; adjacent. [L. contiguus; 
from contingo, touch on all sides; con-, 
wholly, and tango, touch.] 

CONTIGUOUSLY (kon-tig'u-us-li), adv. In a 
contiguous manner. 

CONTIGUOUSNESS (kon-tig'u-us-nes),n. Qual- 
ity or state of being contiguous. 

CONTINENCE (konti-nens), CONTINENCY 
(kon'ti-nen-si), n. Self-restraint in the indul- 
gence of sensual enjoyment; chastity. [L. 
continentia; from contineo, restrain.] 

CONTINENT ( kon'ti-nent ), a. Moderate in the 
indulgence of lawful sensual pleasure; ab- 
stemious; chaste. 

CONTINENT (kon'ti-nent), n. One of the six 
great divisions of the land surface of the globe 
— Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, North 
America, South America. — The Continent, 
mainland of Europe, as distinguished from 
the British islands. [L. continentum; from 
contineo, hold together; con-, together, and 
teneo, hold.] 

CONTINENTAL (kon-ti-nen'tal), a. I. Per- 
taining to the continent of Europe. 2. Per- 
taining to the American colonies confederated 
during the Revolutionary war, as the Con- 
tinental Congress. 3. [c-] Of, pertaining to, 
or characteristic of, a continent. 

CONTINENTAL (kon-ti-nen'tal), n. 1. In- 
habitant of the continent of Europe. 2. 
Soldier of the American Revolution. 3. Cur- 
rency note issued under authority of the Con- 
tinental Congress. 3. [c-] Resident of a con- 
tinent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



CONTINENTLY 



277 



CONTRACTED 



CONTINENTLY (kon'ti-nent-li), adv. In a con- 
tinent manner; chastely. 

CONTINGENCE (kon-tin'jens), n. Same as 
CONTINGENCY. 

CONTINGENCY (kon-tin'jen-si), n. [pi. CON- 
TINGENCIES.] 1. State of being contingent. 
2. Possibility of coming to pass. 3. For- 
tuitous event. [L. contingens, pr.p. of con- 
tingo, touch.] 

SYN. Fortuity; uncertainty; possibility; 
casualty; accident; chance; occurrence; 
event. ANT. Provision; certainty; fate; 
appointment. 

CONTINGENT (kon-tin'jent), I. a. 1. Depend- 
ent on something else. 2. Liable but not cer- 
tain to happen. 3. Accidental. II. n. 1. 
Event which is liable but not certain to occur. 
2. Quota or proportion, especially of troops. 

CONTINGENTLY (kon-tin'jent-li), adv. Ac- 
cidentally; fortuitously. 

CONTINUABLE (kon-tin'u-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being continued. 

CONTINUAL (kon-tin'u-al), a. 1. Without in- 
terruption; unceasing. 2. Constantly repeated. 

CONTINUALLY (kon-tin'u-al-i), adv. 1. With- 
out ceasing; incessantly. 2. Quite often; 
constantly. 

CONTINUANCE kon-tin'u-ans), n. 1. Dura- 
tion. 2. Uninterrupted succession. 3. Abode; 
stay. 4. Law. Postponement of the trial or 
hearing of a suit or criminal case to another 
day or term. 

CONTINUATION (kon-tin-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of continuing or carrying on without inter- 
ruption or cessation. 2. Extension or pro- 
longation. 

CONTINUATOR (kon-tin'u-a-tur), n. One who 
continues or keeps up a series or succes- 
sion. 

CONTINUE (kon-tin'u), v. [pr.p. CONTINU- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTINUED (kon-tin'ud).] 
I. vt. 1. Draw out or prolong. 2. Extend or 
increase in any way. 3. Unite without break. 
4. Persist in. 5. Law. Postpone the trial or 
hearing of. II. vi. 1. Remain. 2. Last; en- 
dure. 3. Persist; persevere. [L. continuo, con- 
tinue, last; from continuus, holding together; 
from con-, together, and teneo, hold.] 

SYN. Abide; persevere; proceed. ANT. 
Fail; stop; pause; break; discontinue. 

CONTINUED (kon-tin'ud), a. 1. Uninter- 
rupted. 2. Unceasing. 3. Protracted. 4. 
Extended. 5. Serial, as a continued story. 

CONTINUER (kon-tin'u-er) n. One who con- 
tinues, or has the power of persevering. 

CONTINUITY (kon-ti-nu'i-ti), n. State of being 
continuous. 

CONTINUOUS (kon-tin'u-us), a. Joined to- 
gether without interruption. 

SYN. Connected; prolonged; extended; 
unbroken; uninterrupted; continual; in- 
cessant; constant; unceasing; ceaseless. 
ANT. Interrupted; broken; disconnected. 



CONTINUOUSLY (kon-tin'u-us-li), adv. With- 
out break or interruption. 

CONTO (kon'to), n. Pg. and Braz. Sum of 
money equivalent to one million reis. 

CONTORT (kon-tart), vt. [pr.p. CONTORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTORTED.] Twist or turn 
violently; bend out of shape. [L. contortus, 
p.p. of contorqueo, writhe or twist together.] 

CONTORTED (kon-tart'ed), a. Bot. Convoluted, 
as the arrangement of .floral envelopes in 
buds. 

CONTORTION (kon-tar'shun), n. 1. Act of 
twisting or writhing. 2. Any unnatural twist- 
ing or wryness; flexure. 

CONTORTIONIST (kon-tar'shun-ist), n. 1. 
Gymnast who practices contorted postures. 
2. One who twists words or phrases. 

CONTORTIVE (kon-tart'iv), a. Expressive of 
contortion. 

CONTOUR (kon-tor), n. Line that bounds the 
figure of any object; outline. — Contour lines, 
lines drawn on a map through points all at 
the same height above sea-level. [Fr.] 

CONTRA-, prefix. Against; opposite; contrary. 
[L. contra, against.] 

CONTRABAND (kon'tra-band), I. a. Forbidden 
by proclamation or law; prohibited. II. n. 1. 
Prohibited or illegal traffic. 2. Contraband 
goods. — Contraband of war, article that a 
belligerent has, by the law of nations, the 
right of preventing a neutral from furnishing 
to his enemy. [Sp. contrabanda; from L. 
contra, against, and L.L. bandum, ban.] 

CONTRABASS (kon'tra-bas), n. Double-bass 
viol, giving the lower octave to the bass in the 
orchestra. [It.] 

CONTRABASSO (kon-tra-bas'o), w. Same as 
CONTRABASS. 

CONTRACT (kon-trakf), v. [pr.p. CONTRACT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRACTED.] I. vt. 1. 
Draw together; lessen; shorten. 2. Become 
affected with; acquire; catch; incur. 3. Es- 
tablish by contract or agreement. 4. Gram. 
Shorten, as a word, by omitting a medial 
letter or letters. II. vi. 1. Shrink. 2. Enter 
into a contract. 3. Bind one's self by be- 
trothal. [L. contractus, p.p. of contraho, draw 
together; from con-, together, and traho, 
draw.] 

SYN. Abridge; abbreviate; retrench; 
curtail; form; agree. ANT. Expand; am- 
plify; dilate; elongate; cancel; abrogate; 
annul. 

CONTRACT (kon'trakt), n. 1. Agreement be- 
tween competent persons, on sufficient con- 
sideration, to do, or abstain from doing, some 
certain act or acts within some certain time, 
express or implied. 2. Writing setting forth 
such agreement, signed by the parties. 3. Act 
of affiancing or betrothing. 

SYN. Covenant; agreement; bond. 

CONTRACTED (kon-trakt'ed), a. 1. Shrunken; 
knitted. 2. Mean; narrow; selfish. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONTRACTEDLY 



278 



CONTRAST 



CONTRACTED!. Y (kon-trakt'ed-li), adv. In a 
contracted manner. 

CONTRACTEDNESS (kon-trakt'ed-nes), n. State 
of being contracted. 

CONTRACTIRLE (kon-trakt'i-bl), a. Capable 
of being contracted. 

CONTRACTILE (kon-trakt'il), a. Tending or 
having power to contract. 

CONTRACTILITY (kon-trak-til'i-ti), n. Ca- 
pability of contracting or shrinking. 

CONTRACTION (kon-trak'shun), n. 1. Act of 
contracting. 2. State of being contracted. 
3. That which is contracted. 

CONTRACTIVE (kon-trakt'iv), a. Tending to 
contract. 

CONTRACTOR (kon-trakt'ur), n. 1. One of the 
parties to a contract. 2. One who engages to 
execute work or furnish supplies at a fixed 
rate. 3. Contracting muscle. 

CONTRACTURE (kon-trak'tur), n. 1. Pathol. 
Permanent muscular rigidity. 2. In electro- 
therapeutics, a muscular spasm due to the 
passage of a current of electricity. 

CONTRADANCE (kontra-dans), n. Dance in 
which an indefinite number of couples can 
take part, the gentlemen being arranged at the 
commencement on one side, and the ladies on 
the other. [Fr. contredanse.] 

CONTRADICT (kon-tra-dikf), v. [pr.p. CON- 
TRADICTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRA- 
DICTED.] I. vt. 1. Oppose in words; assert 
the contrary of; deny. 2. Be contrary to in 
character; be inconsistent with. II. vi. De- 
clare anything to be untrue. [L. contradictus, 
p.p. of coniradico, speak against; from con- 
tra, against, and dieo, speak.] 

CONTRADICTER (kon-tra-dikt'er), n. One who 
contradicts. 

CONTRADICTION (kon-tra-dik'shun), n. 1. 
Act of contradicting. 2. Inconsistency, in- 
congruity, or disagreement with itself. 3. 
Contrary statement; denial. 4. That which is 
self-contradictory, as a statement one part of 
which contradicts the other. 

CONTRADICTOR (kon-tra-dikt'ur), n. Con- 
tradicter. 

CONTRADICTORILY (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri-li), adv. 
In a contradictory manner. 

CONTRADICTORINESS (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri-nes), 
n. Quality of being contradictory. 

CONTRADICTORY (kon-tra-dikt'o-ri), I. a. 1. 
Affirming the contrary. 2. Inconsistent. II. 
n. [pi. CONTRADICTORIES.] Logic. Prop- 
osition which denies or opposes another in all 
its terms; inconsistency; contrariety. 

CONTRADISTINCT (kon-tra-dis-tingkf), a. 
Having opposite qualities. [CONTRA- and 
DISTINCT.] 

CONTRADISTINCTION (kon-tra-dis-tingk'- 
shun), n. Distinction by contrast. 

CONTRADISTINCTIVE(kon-tra-dis-tingkt'-iv), 

a. Distinguishing by opposite qualities. 
CONTRADISTINGUISH ( kon-tra-dis-ting'- 



gwish), vt. [pr.p. CONTRADISTINGUISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTRADISTINGUISHED 

(kon-tra-dis-ting'gwisht).] Distinguish by a 
quality not merely differential but opposite. 

CONTRAINDICANT ( kon-tra-in'di-kant ), n. 
Pathol. Symptom that forbids the usual treat- 
ment. 

CONTRAINDICATE (kon-tra-in'di-kat), vt. [pr. 
p. CONTRAIN'DICATING; p.t. and p.p. CON- 
TRAIN'DICATED.] Pathol. Indicate a differ- 
ent or contrary (treatment). 

CONTRAINDICATION (kon-tra-in-di-ka'shun), 
n. Pathol. Contraindicant. 

CONTRALTO (kon-tral'to), n. Music. 1. Deep- 
est kind of female voice, or that part in the 
score whose range of tones lies between tenor 
and soprano. 2. Contralto singer. [It.; from 
L. contra, against, and altus, high.] 

CONTRAPLEX (kon'tra-pleks), a. Transmitting 
two messages simultaneously from opposite 
ends of the line, as contrapicx telegraphy. 
[L. contra, against, and plico, fold.] 

CONTRAPTION (kon-trap'shun), n. Device or 
contrivance. (Colloq.) 

CONTRARIES (kon'tra-riz), n.pl. Logic. Prop- 
ositions which are contradictory to and 
destroy each other; as, "Every A is B," and 
"no A is B." The falseness of either of the 
propositions does not establish the truth of 
the other. [See CONTRARY, ».] 

CONTRARIETY (kon-tra-ri'e-ti), ». [pi. CON- 
TRARIETIES.] 1. State of being contrary 
or opposed. 2. Inconsistency. 

CONTRARILY (kon'tra-ri-li), adv. In a con- 
trary manner. 

CONTRARINESS (kon'tra-ri-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being contrary. 

CONTRARIWISE ( kon'tra-ri- wiz), adv. 1. On 
the contrary; on the other hand. 2. Con- 
versely. 

CONTRARY (kon'tra-ri), a. 1. Antagonistic; 
opposing; repugnant. 2. Perverse; capri- 
cious. 3. Opposite in direction. 4. Logic. 
Opposed in quality; destructively antagonistic. 
[L. contrarius; from contra, against.] 

SYN. Contradictory; incompatible; op- 
posite; incongruous; different. ANT. 
Agreeing; accordant; compatible; conso- 
nant. 

CONTRARY (kon'tra-ri), n. [pi. CONTRARIES.] 

I. Thing of opposite qualities. 2. Contrary 
proposition — usually in the plural; see CON- 
TRARIES. — The contrary, the opposite. 

CONTRARY (kon-tra'ri), vt. [pr.p. CONTRA'RY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRARIED (kon-tra'- 
rid).] Act or do the opposite to the wishes of. 

CONTRAST (kon-trasf), v. [pr.p. CONTRAST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRASTED.] I. vt. 
Set in opposition so as to show unlikeness or 
the superior excellence of one to the other. 

II. vi. Stand in contrast. [Fr. contraster; 
from L. contra, against, and sto, stand.] 

CONTRAST (kon'trast), n. 1. Opposition or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CONTRATENOR 



279 



CONTUMACIOUS 



unlikeness in things compared. 2. Exhibi- 
tion of differences. 3. Thing contrasted. 

CONTRATENOR (kon'tra-ten-fir), n. Same as 
COUNTER-TENOR. 

CONTRAVENE (kon-tra-ven'), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
TRAVENING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRAVENED 
(kon-tra-vend').] Come in opposition or con- 
flict with; oppose; obstruct; hinder. [L. con- 
travenio; from contra, against, and venio, 
come.] 

SYN. Counteract; countervail; thwart. 
ANT. Abet; subserve; encourage; aid; sus- 
tain; uphold. 

CONTRAVENTION (kon-tra-ven'shun), n. Act 
of contravening. 

CONTRE-, prefix. Against; counter; in oppo- 
sition. [Fr. ; from L. contra, against.] 

CONTRETEMPS (kang-tr-tang'), n. Something 
happening inopportunely or at the wrong 
time; embarrassing situation. [Fr. contre, 
against, and temps, time or occasion.] 

CONTRIRUTE (kon-trib'ut), v. [pr.p. CON- 
TRIBUTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTRIBUTED.] 
I. vt. 1. Give along with others. 2. Give for 
a common purpose or to promote some inter- 
est or cause. 3. Furnish for publication in a 
newspaper or periodical. II. vi. Give or bear 
a part; assist or bear a share in any design. [L. 
con-, together, and tribuo, give.] 

SYN. Supply; subscribe; bestow; con- 
duce; minister; donate. ANT. Withhold; 
refuse. 

CONTRIBUTION (kon-tri-bu'shun), n. 1. Act 
of contributing. 2. That which is contrib- 
uted. 

CONTRIRUTIVE (kon-trib'u-tiv), a. Contrib- 
utory. 

CONTRIBUTOR (kon-trib'u-tur), n. One who 
contributes. 

CONTRIBUTORY (kon-trib'u-to-ri), a. 1. Sub- 
ject to contribution. 2. Contributing. 

CONTRITE (kon'trit), a. Deeply sorry for sin; 
thoroughly penitent. [L. contritus, bruised; 
from contero, bruise.] 

CONTRITELY (kon'trit-li), adv. In a contrite 
manner. 

CONTRITENESS (kon'trit-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being contrite. 

CONTRITION (kon-trish'un), n. Deep sorrow 
for sin; penitence. 

SYN. Sorrow; repentance; penitence; 
compunction; remorse. ANT. Impenitence; 
callousness; obduracy; relentlessness. 

CONTRIVABLE (kon-tri'va-bl), a. Possible to 
be contrived. 

CONTRIVANCE (kon-tri'vans), n. 1. Act of 
contriving. 2. Thing contrived; invention; 
design; device; artifice. 

SYN. Arrangement; agency; device; in- 
vention; mechanism; tool; machine; means; 
instrument: plan; scheme. 

CONTRIVE (kon-triv'), v. [pr.p. CONTRIVING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTRIVED (kon-trivd').] I. 



vt. 1. Plan; devise; invent; design. 2. Bring 
about or effect; manage. II. vi. Form de- 
signs; plot; scheme. [O. Fr. controvert from 
con-, with, and trover, find.] 

CONTRIVER (kon-tri'ver), n. One who con- 
trives; schemer; manager. 

CONTROL (kon-trol), n. 1. Check; restraint. 

2. Authority; command. 3. Aviation. Small 
flat plane surface extending forward or back 
of an aeroplane, used to prevent the rise or 
fall of the machine; elevator. [Fr. control e; 
from contre-role, duplicate register.] 

SYN. Direction; superintendence, guid- 
ance; management; oversight. 

CONTROL (kon-trol'), vt. [pr.p. CONTROLLING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTROLLED (kon-trold).] 
Exercise control over; restrain; govern; direct. 

SYN. Rule; check; curb; overpower; 
counteract; command; superintend; man- 
age; regulate; coerce. ANT. Submit; com- 
ply; yield. 

CONTROLLABLE (kon-trol'a-bl), a. Capable 
of, or subject to, control. 

CONTROLLER (kon-trol'er), 
n. 1. One who or that which 
controls. 2. Officer who 
checks the accounts of others 
by a counter-roll or register. 

3. Elec Switching mechan- 
ism for controlling the speed 
of a motor or motors. 

CONTROLLERSHIP ( k o n - 
trol'er-ship), n. Office or 
position of a controller. 

CONTROLMENT (kon-trol'ment), n. 1, Act 
or power of controlling. 2. State of beiag 
controlled. 

CONTROVERSIAL (kon-tro-ver'shal), o. Re- 
lating to controversy. 

CONTROVERSIALIST (kon-tro-ver'shal-ist), n. 
One given to controversy. 

CONTROVERSIALLY (kon-tro-ver'shal-i),acZt'. 
In a controversial manner. 

CONTROVERSION (kon-tro-ver'shun), n. Act 
of turning in opposite or contrary direction. 

CONTROVERSY (kon'tro-ver-si), n. [pi. CON- 
TROVERSIES.] Dispute; debate; disputation; 
altercation. [L. controversion from contra, 
against, and versus, p.p. of verto, turn.] 

CONTROVERT (kon-tro-verf), vt. [pr.p. CON- 
TROVERTING; p.t. and p.p. CONTROVERT- 
ED.] Oppose in reasoning; call in question 
or deny; argue against; dispute and endeavor 
to refute. [L. contra, against, and verto, turn.] 
SYN. Invalidate; overturn. 

CONTROVERTER (kon-tro-vert'er), n. One 
who controverts. 

CONTROVERTIBLE (kon-tro-vert'i-bl), a. 
Admitting of question or dispute; disputable. 

CONTROVERTIBLY (kon-tro-vert'i-bli), adv. 
In a controvertible manner. 

CONTUMACIOUS (kon-tu-ma'shus), a. Oppo- 
sing lawful authority with contempt; obsti- 




Controller. 



[ fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CONTUMACY 



280 



CONVERSABLE 



nate; stubborn. [L. contutnax; from con-, to- 
gether, and tumeo, swell.] 

CONTUMACY (kon'tu-ma-si), n. [pi. CONTU- 
MACIES.] 1. Stubborn opposition to lawful 
authority; unyielding obstinacy. 2. Law. 
Willful contempt of court. [L. contumacia; 
from contutnax, contumacious, stubborn.] 

CONTUMELIOUS (kon-tu-me'li-us), a. Offen- 
sively haughty; insolent. 

CONTUMELY (kon'tu-me-li), n. [pi. CON'- 
TUMELIES.] Insolence; insult; contemp- 
tuous language or treatment. [L. contumelia, 
insult.] 

SIN. Indignity; affront; abuse; oppro- 
brium; scorn; disdain; disrespect; obloquy. 
ANT. Flattery; adulation; regard; respect. 

CONTUSE (kon-tuz), vt. [pr.p. CONTU'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONTUSED (con-tuzd').] 1. 
Bruise by beating or pounding. 2. Bruise 
without breaking the skin. [L. contusus, p.p. 
of contundo, beat together.] 

CONTUSION (kon-tu'zhun), n. 1. Act of bruis- 
ing. 2. State of being bruised. 3. Bruise. 

CONUNDRUM (ko-nun'drum), n. 1. Sort of 
riddle containing some odd or fanciful resem- 
blance between things quite unlike. 2. Any 
puzzling question. [Etym. doubtful, prob- 
ably from L. conandum, thing to be attempted, 
from conor, attempt.] 

CONVALESCE (kon-va-les'), vi. [pr.p. CON- 
VALESCING; p.t. and p.p. CONVALESCED 
(kon-va-lest').] Regain health; become con- 
valescent. [L. convalesco, grow strong.] 

CONVALESCENCE (kon-va-lesens), n. Grad- 
ual recovery of health and strength. 

CONVALESCENCY (kon-va-les'en-si), n. Con- 
valescence. 

CONVALESCENT ( kon-va-les 'ent), I. a. Grad- 
ually recovering health. II. n. One recover- 
ing health. 

CoNVALLARIA (kon-va-la'ri-a), n. Genus of 
liliaceous plants, its only species the lily-of-the- 
valley (C. majalis). [L. convallis, sheltered 
valley.] 

CONVECTION (kon-vek'shun), n. Act of con- 
veying, especially of heat, through liquids or 
gases, by motion of the parts, as distinguished 
from CONDUCTION. [L. ; from con-, with, and 
vcho, carry.] 

CONVECTIVE (kon-vek'tiv), o. Pertaining to, 
or caused by, convection. 

CONVENABLE (kon-ve'na-bl), a. Capable of 
being convened. 

CONVENE (kon-ven'), v. [pr.p. CONVE'NING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVENED (kon-vend').] I. vt. 
1. Call together; convoke. 2. Summon to 
appear. II. vi. Come together; assemble. 
[L. convcnio, come together; from con-, to- 
gether, and venio, come.] 

CONVENER (kon-vener), n. One who con- 
venes. 

CONVENIENCE (kon-ve'nyens), n. 1. State or 
quality of being convenient. 2. Any partic- 



ular domestic accommodation. 3. Fitness of 
time or place. 

CONVENIENCY (kon-ve'nyen-si), n. [pi. CON- 
VE'NIENCIES.] Same as CONVENIENCE. 

CONVENIENT (kon-ve'nyent), a. 1. Affording 
convenience or accommodation. 2. Handy; 
easy to make use of. 3. Opportune. [L. 
conveniens, pr.p. of convenio, come together.] 

CONVENIENTLY (kon-ve'nyent-li), adv. In a 
convenient manner. 

CONVENT (kon'vent), n. 1. Association of per- 
sons secluded from the world and devoted to 
a religious life. 2. House in which they live; 
monastery or nunnery. [L. conventus, as- 
sembly; from convenio, come together.] 

CONVENTICLE (kon-venti-kl), n. 1. As- 
sembly or meeting. 2. Formerly, a meeting 
of English non-conformists. [L. conventic- 
ulum, small assemblage; dim. of conventus, 
assembly.] 

CONVENTION (kon-ven'shun), n. 1. Assembly, 
especially of representatives or delegates for 
some common object. 2. Any extraordinary 
assembly called upon any special occasion. 3. 
Any temporary treaty. 4. Established usage; 
fashion. [L. convention from conventus, p.p. 
of convenio, convene.] 

CONVENTIONAL (kon-ven'shun-al), a. 1. 
Formed by convention; stipulated. 2. Grow- 
ing out of tacit agreement or custom; cus- 
tomary; formal. 3. Agreeable to accepted 
standards. 4. Agreeable to contract. 

CONVENTIONALISM (kon-ven'shun-al-izm), 
n. 1. Conventional phrases, form, or custom. 
2. Adherence to conventional rules and prec- 
edents; conventionality. 

CONVENTIONALITY (kon-ven-shun-al'i-ti), n. 
[pi. CONVENTIONALITIES.] 1. State of 
being conventional. 2. That which is estab- 
lished by use or custom. 

CONVENTIONALIZE (kon-ven'shun-al-iz), vt. 
[pr.p. CONVENTIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. 
CONVENTIONALIZED (kon-ven'shun-al-izd).] 
Render conventional. 

CONVENTIONALLY (kon-ven'shun-al-i), adv. 
In a conventional manner. 

CONVENTUAL (kon-ven'tu-al), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to a convent. II. n. Member of a convent; 
monk or nun. 

CONVERGE (kon-verj'), v. [pr.p. CONVER'- 
GING ; p.t. and p.p. CONVERGED ( kon-ver jd') .] 
I. vt. Cause to tend to one point. II. vi. 
Tend to one point — opposed to DIVERGE. [L. 
con-, together, and vergo, incline.] 

CONVERGENCE (kon-ver'jens), n. Act, state, 
or quality of converging. 

CONVERGENCY (kon-ver'jen-si), n. Conver- 
gent. 

CONVERGENT (kon-ver'jent), o. Tending to 
one point. 

CONVERSABLE (kon-vers'a-bl), a. Qualified 
for conversation; disposed to converse; socia- 
ble. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



CONVEBSABLENESS 



281 



CONVICT 



CONVEBSABLENESS (kon-vers'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality of being conversable. 

CONVEBSABLY (kon-vers'a-bli), adv. In a 
conversable manner. 

CONVEBSANCE (kon'ver-sans), n. State of 
being conversant; familiarity. 

CONVEBSANT (kon'ver-sant), a. 1. Well ac- 
quainted with through study or use; versed; 
proficient. 2. Having relation or converse 
with. 3. Concerned or occupied. 

CONVEBSATION (kon-ver-sa'shun), n. 1. 
Familiar discourse; colloquy. 2. Subject on 
which persons converse. 3. Intercourse. [Fr. ; 
from L. conversation intercourse; from con- 
tersor, live with.] 

SYN. Discourse; dialogue; talk; chat; 
conference; confabulation. ANT. Solilo- 
quy; monologue; silence. 

CONVEBSATIONAL (kon-ver-sa'shunal), a. 
Pertaining to conversation. 

CONVEBSATIONALIST (kon-ver-sa'shun-al- 
ist), n. One who excels in conversation. 

CONVEBSATIONALLY (kon-ver-sa'shun-al-i), 
adv. In a conversational way; colloquially. 

CONVEBSAZIONE (kon-ver-sat-si-6'na), n. [pi. 
CONVERSAZIONI (kon-ver-sat-si-6'ne).] 
Meeting for conversation, particularly on 
literary subjects. [It.] 

CONVEBSE (kon-vers'), vi. [pr.p. CONVERS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVERSED (kon-verst').] 
1. Talk together familiarly; engage in con- 
versation. 2. Have intercourse. [L. conversor, 
live with.] 

CONVEBSE (kon'vers), n. 1. Conversation. 2. 
Familiar intercourse. 

CONVEBSE (kon'vers), I. a. Beversed in order 
or relation. II. n. 1. That which is the op- 
posite of another. 2. Logic. Proposition 
converted or turned about — i. e., one in which 
the subject and predicate have changed places. 
3. Math. Inverted proposition. [L. conversus, 
p.p. of converto, turn about.] 

CONVERSELY (kon'vers-li), adv. In reverse 
order. 

CONVEBSION (kon-ver'shun), n. 1. Act of 
converting. 2. State or condition of being 
converted. 

CONVEBT (kon-verf), vt. [pr.p. CONVERTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVERTED.] 1. Change or 
turn from one thing, condition, or religion to 

I another. 2. Change from an irreligious to a 

holy life. 3. Alter, as one thing into another. 
4. Exchange for some equivalent. 5. Apply 
to a particular purpose. 6. Divert from the 
proper or legitimate use; appropriate. [L. 
convcrto; from con-, with, and verto, turn.] 
SYN. Change; alter; turn; transmute; 
transform; apply. 
CONVERT (kon'vert), n. Person who has been 

converted. 
CONVEBTER (kon-vert'er), n. 1. One who 
converts. 2. Vessel in which materials are 
changed from one condition to another, used 




Convexo- 
convex. 



1. Body rounding outwardly 

2. Convex surface; convexity, 
rounded off; from conveho, 

from cow-, together, and 



in the manufacture of steel. 3. Elec. Trans- 
former. 

CON VEBTIBILIT Y ( kon- vert-i-bil'i-ti) , n. Qual- 
ity of being convertible. 

CONVEBTIBLE (kon-vert'i-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being converted. 2. Interchangeable. 

CONVEBTIBLENESS (kon-vert'i-bl-nes), n. 
Convertibility. 

CONVEBTIBLY (kon-vert'i-bli), adv. By con- 
version or interchange. 

CONVEX(kon'- 



veks), I. a. 
Curved out- 
wardly, like 
the surface of 
a sphere — op- 
posed to CON- 
CAVE. II. n. 
into a curve. 
[L. convexus, 
carry together; 
veho, carry.] 

CONVEXED (kon'vekst), a. Made convex. 

CONVEXEDLY (kon-veks'ed-li), adv. In a 
convex form. 

CONVEXITY (kon-veks'i-ti), n. 1. State or 
quality of being convex. 2. Convex surface. 

CONVEXLY (kon'veks-li), adv. Convexedly. 

CONVEXNESS (kon'veks-nes), n. Convexity. 

CONVEXO-CONCAVE (kon-veks 6-kon'kav), a. 
Convex on one side, and concave on the other. 

CONVEXO-CONVEX (kon-veks'6-kon'veks), a. 
Convex on both sides. 

CONVEXO-PLANE (kon-veks'6-plan), a. Con- 
vex on one side and plane on the other; plano- 
convex. 

CONVEY (kon-va), vt. [pr.p. CONVEY'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVEYED (kon-vad).] 1. 
Transport from one place to another; carry; 
transmit. 2. Impart; communicate, as ideas. 
3. Law. Transfer or pass the title to by deed, 
assignment, or otherwise. [O. Fr. conveier; 
from L. con-, and via, way.] 

CONVEYABLE (kon-va'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being conveyed. 

CONVEYANCE (kon-va'ans), n. 1. Act of con- 
veying. 2. Means of conveying. 3. Vehicle 
of any kind. 4. Law. Act of transferring title 
to property by deed, assignment, etc. 5» 
Writing which transfers the title; deed; 
assignment, etc. 

CONVEYANCEB (kon-va'an-ser), n. One whose 
business is drawing deeds and other writings 
for the conveyance of property. 

CONVEYANCING (kon-va'an-sing), n. Business 
of a conveyancer. 

CONVEYEB (kon-va'er), n. 1. One who carries 
or transmits anything from one person or 
place to another. 2. Any medium or channel 
for the conveyance or transmission of any- 
thing. 

CONVICT (kon-vikt), vt. [pr.p. CONVICT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVICTED.! 1. Prove guilty; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in "Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CONVICT 



282 



COOKY 



pronounce guilty after a trial in court. 2. 
Prcve or show clearly by proof or evidence. 3. 
Convince of sin. [L. convictus, p.p. of con- 
vinco, overcome by proof.] 

CONVICT (kon'vikt), n. One convicted or found 
guilty of a crime, especially one who has been 
condemned to penal servitude. 

CONVICTION (kon-vik'shun), n. 1. Act of con- 
victing or finding guilty. 2. Act of convin- 
cing. 3. Strong belief or persuasion. 4. Theol. 
State or condition of being consciously con- 
victed of sin. 5. Law. State of being found 
guilty by a legal tribunal. 

CONVINCE (kon-vins'), vt. [pr.p. CONVINCING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVINCED (kon-vinst').] Satisfy 
by evidence or proof; persuade to conviction 
or belief. [L. convinco; from con-, with, and 
vinco, conquer.] 

SYN. Convict; persuade. ANT. Puzzle; 
perplex. 

CONVINCED (kon-vin'ser), n. One who con- 
vinces. 

CONVTNCIBLE (kon-vin'si-bl), a. Capable of 
being convinced. 

CONVINCING (kon-vin'sing), a. Producing 
conviction; satisfying; conclusive. 

CONVINCINGLY (kon-vin'sing-li), adv. In a 
convincing manner. 

CONVIVIAL (kon-viv'i-al), a. Relating to a 
feast; festive; social. [L. convivialis; from 
convivium, feast; from con-, together, and 
vivo, live.] 

CONVIVIALITY (kon-viv-i-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
CONVIVIALITIES.] 1. Disposition to con- 
vivial habits. 2. Festivity. 

CONVIVIALLY (kon-viv'i-al-i), adv. In a con- 
vivial manner. 

CONVOCATION (kon-vo-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
convoking. 2. Ecclesiastical assembly, espe- 
cially in the Church of England. 

CONVOKE (kon-vok), vt. [pr.p. CONVO'KING; 
p.t. and p.p. CONVOKED (kon-vokt).] Call 
together by authoritative summons. [L. con- 
voco; from con-, together, and voco, call.] 
SYN. Call; convene; assemble; summon; 
collect. ANT. Prorogue; adjourn; dis- 
solve; disperse; dismiss. 

CONVOLUTE (kon'vo-lot), CONVOLUTED 
(kon'vo-lot-ed), a. Rolled together, or one 
part on the other. [L. convolutus, p.p. of con- 
volvo, roll together.] 

CONVOLUTION (kon-vo-16'shun), n. 1. Act 
of convolving. 2. State of being convolved. 
3. Fold or winding. 4. Anat. One of the 
numerous smooth and tortuous foldings of 
the brain. 

CONVOLVE (kon-volv'), v. [pr.p. CONVOLV- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVOLVED (kon-volvd').] 

I. vt Roll together, or one part on another. 

II. vt. Fold or wind upon itself. [L. convolvo; 
from con-, together, and volvo, roll.] 

CONVOLVED (kon-volvd'), a. Rolled or folded 
together, or one part on another. 




Convolvulus. 



Convolvulus (kon-voi'vu-ius), n. Bot. 

1. Genus of twining 
plants of the bind- 
weed family, having 
large trumpet-shaped 
flowers. 2. [c-] Plant 
of this genus; bind- 
weed. [L. ; from con- 
volvo, roll together.] 

CONVOY (kon-voi'), vt. 
[pr.p. CONVOYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CON- 
VOYED (kon-void').] Accompany for protec- 
tion; act as convoy to. [Fr. convoy er.] 

CONVOY (kon'voy), n. 1. Act of convoying. 

2. Protecting force, ship, etc., accompanying 
goods or ships from place to place, either by 
sea or land. 3. Ship or property convoyed. 

CONVULSE (kon-vuls), vt. [pr.p. CONVULS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. CONVULSED (kon-vulst').] 
Affect with convulsions or irregular spasms; 
agitate greatly. [L. convulsus, p.p. of con- 
vello, pluck.] 

CONVULSION (kon-vul'shun), n. 1. Violent 
and involuntary spasmodic contraction of the 
muscular parts of an animal body. 2. Any 
violent and irregular motion, commotion, or 
agitation. 

CONVULSIVE (kon-vuls'iv), a. Attended with 
convulsions; spasmodic. 

CONVULSIVELY (kon-vuls'iv-li), adv. In a 
convulsive manner. 

CONY (ko'ni), n. [pi. CONIES.] 1. Rabbit. 2. 
Rock-badger. 3. Burbot, a fish that lurks 
in holes like a rabbit. [O. Fr. conin; from L. 
cuniculus, rabbit.] 

COO (ko), v. [pr.p. COO'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COOED (kod).] I. vi. 1. Make the sound as 
of a dove. 2. Act in a loving way; usually in 
phrase, to "bill and coo." II. vt. Utter in a 
soothing manner; as, coo a lullaby. [From 
the sound.] 

COO (ko), n. [pi. COOS (koz).] Characteristic 
noise made by doves; any similar sound. 

COOER (ko'er), n. One who or that which coos. 

COOK (kok), v. [pr.p. COOKING; p.t. and p.p. 
COOKED (kokt).] I. vt. 1. Prepare, as food, 
by boiling, roasting, etc. 2. Concoct or pre- 
pare so as to present a false or fraudulent 
appearance or result. II. vi. Engage in the 
business, or do the work, of a cook. [L. 
coquo, cook.] 

COOK (kQk), n. One whose business is to cook. 

COOK-BOOK (kok'bok), n. Book of recipes 
for cooking; cookery book. 

COOKER (kpk'er), n. Combined stove and 
kettle, or some similar device, for cooking 
food. 

COOKERY (kok'er-i), n. [pi. COOKERIES.] 
1. Art or practice of cooking. 2. Place for 
cooking. 

COOKY (kQk'i), n. [pi. COOK'IES.] Small sweet 
cake. [Dut. koekje, dim. of koek, cake.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn. 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COOL 



283 



COPE 



COOL (kol), v. [pr.p. COOL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COOLED (kold).] I. vt. 1. Reduce the tem- 
perature of. 2. Allay or moderate, as heat 
excitement, passion, or zeal. II. vi. Grow 
cool. [A. S. colian, become cool; from col., 
cool.] 

COOL (kol), n. Moderate temperature; coolness. 

COOL (kol), a. 1. Moderately cold. 2. Free 
from excitement. 3. Indifferent. 4. Im- 
pudent. 5. chilling. [A. S. col.] 

SYN. Coldish; lukewarm; calm; dispas- 
sionate; self-possessed; composed; indiffer- 
ent; unconcerned; apathetic; chilling; frig- 
id; impudent. ANT. Hot; warm; ardent; 
eager; hearty; excited; deferential. 

COOLER (kol'er), n. 1. Anything that cools. 
2. Vessel which in something is cooled or kept 
cool. 3. Jail or lockup. (Colloq.) 

COOL-HEADED (kol'hed-ed), a. Not easily 
excited; self-possessed. 

COOLIE, COOLY (ko'li), n. [pi. COO'LIES.] 
East Indian, Chinese, or other Asiatic laborer. 
[Hind, hull, laborer.] 

COOLISH (kol'ish), a. Somewhat cool. 

COOLLY (kol'i), adv. In a cool manner. 

COOLNESS (kSl'nes), n. 1. Moderate degree of 
cold. 2. State of being cool. 

COON (kon), n. 1. Short for RACCOON. 2, 
Negro. (Colloq.) 

COOP (kop), n. Rox or cage for fowls, usually 
with slats, bars, or wire netting on one side. 
[A. S. cypa, basket.] 

COOP (kop), vt. [pr.p. COOP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
COOPED (kopt).] 1. Place in a coop. 2. Con- 
fine or shut up in a narrow compass. 

COOPER (kop'er), n. One who makes tubs, 
casks, etc. [L. cupa, tub.] 

COOPER (kop'er), v. [pr.p. COOP'ERING; p.t, 
and p.p. COOPERED (kop'erd).] I. vt. Oper- 
ate as a cooper upon. II. vi. Do the work of 
a cooper; make and repair casks, barrels, 
etc. 

COOPERAGE (kop'er-aj), n. 1. Work or work- 
shop of a cooper. 2. Sum paid for a cooper's 
work. 

COOPERATE (ko-op'er-at), vi. [pr.p. COOP'- 
ERATING; p.t. and p.p. COOPERATED.] 1. 
Work together for a common object. 2. 
Unite in producing the same effect. [CO- 
and OPERATE.] 

COOPERATION (ko-op-er-a'shun), n. 1. Joint 
action. 2. Profit-sharing. 

COOPERATIVE (ko-op'er-a-tiv), a. Working 
conjointly for a common end, or the promo- 
tion of the general advantage. 

COOPERATOR (ko-op'er-a-tur), n. One who 
cooperates. 

COOPERING (kop'er-ing), n. Occupation of a 
cooper. 

COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), v. [pr.p. COOR'- 
DINATING; p.U and p.p. COORDINATED.] 
I. vt. Arrange in due relation or harmoni- 
ousl ; adjust or harmonize. II. vi. Re 




adjusted; harmonize. [CO-, and L. ordinal us*, 
p.p. of ordlno, arrange in order; from ordo, 
order.] 

COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), a, 1. Holding the 
same order or rank; of equal rank or author- 
ity. 2. Math. Of or pertaining to coordi- 
nates. 

COORDINATE (ko-ar'di-nat), n. 1. Person or 
thing of the same rank, authority, or impor- 
tance. 2. Math. Each of a system of two 
or more magnitudes used to define the posi- 
tion of a point, line, or plane, by reference to a 
fixed system of lines, points, etc. 

COORDINATELY (ko-ar'di-nat-li), adv. In a 
coordinate manner. 

COORDINATION (ko-ar-di-na'shun), n. 1. Act 
of coordinating. 2. State or quality of being 
coordinate. 

COORDINATIVE ( ko-ar'di-na-tiv ), a. Indica- 
ting coordination. 

COOT(kot),n. Short- 
tailed water-fowl, 
with characteris- 
tic white spot — 
an extension of 
the bill — on the 
forehead; hence 
called bald, as in 
the phrase, "bald 
as a coot." [Dut. 
Jcoet.] Coot (Fulica Americana). 

COP (kop), n. 1. Top or summit of anything. 

2. Conical ball of thread on the spindle of a 
spinning machine. [A. S.] 

COP (kop), COPPER (kop'er), n. Policeman. 
(Slang.) 

COPAIBA (ko-pa'ba), n. Med. Balsam obtained 
from a South American tree, the Copaifera 
multijuga. [Sp.; from Braz. cupauba.] 

COPAL (ko'pal), n. Resinous substance used in 
varnishes. [Sp.; from Mex. copalli, resins 
generally.] 

COPARCENARY (ko-par'sen-a-ri), n. Partner- 
ship in heirship. 

COPARCENER (ko-par'sen-er), n. Coheir to 
an estate. [CO- and PARCENER.] 

COPARCENY (ko-par'sen-i), n. Equal share as 
of copartners; coparcenary. 

COPART (ko'part), n. Corresponding equal part. 

COPARTNER (ko-part'ner), n. Joint partner; 
partner or associate in any business or 
transaction. 

COPARTNERSHIP (ko-part'ner-ship), n. Part- 
nership. 

COPARTNERY (ko-part'ner-i), n. State of being 
a copartner. 

COPE (kop), n. 1. Anything arching overhead; 
canopy of heaven. 2. Arch over a doorway. 

3. Coping. 4. Ecclesiastical vestment resem- 
bling a cloak. 5. Founding. Top part of a 
mold. [From root of CAP.] 

COPE (kop), v. [pr.p. CO'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
COPED (kopt).] I. vt. 1. Dress in or cover 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COPE 



284 



COPY 



with a cope. 2. Furnish with a cope or co- 
ping. II. vim Form an arch. 

COPE (kop), vi. [pr.p. COPING; p.t. and p.p. 
COPED (kopt).] Vie with, especially on 
equal terms or successfully; enter into a hos- 
tile contest; match. [Fr. couper; from L. cola- 
phus, blow with the fist.] 

COPECK, KOPECK (ko'pek), n. Russian cop- 
per coin, worth from a half to three-fourths 
of a cent. [Russ.] 

COPENHAGEN (ko-pen-ha/gen), n. City, capi- 
tal of Denmark, on island of Zealand. 

COPERNICAN (ko-per'ni-kan), a. Pertaining to 
Copernicus, the famous Prussian astronomer 
(1473-1543), or to his system making the 
sun the center of the solar system. 

COPE-STONE (kop'ston), n. Arch. Head or top 
stone. 

COPHOSIS (ko-fo'sis), n. Pathol. Total deafness. 
[Gr.; from kdphos, deaf.] 

COPIER (kop'i-er), n. 1. One who copies or 
transcribes; copyist. 2. One who imitates 
another. 

COPING (ko'ping), n. Course of masonry top- 
ping a wall. 

COPIOUS (ko'pi-us), a. 1. Plentiful; abundant; 
overflowing. 2. Extensive; wide; compre- 
hensive. 3. Fluent; varied; rich in thoughts 
or language. [L. copiosus; from copia, plenty.] 

SYN. Ample; plenteous; rich; full; ex- 
uberant; profuse. ANT. Scant; deficient; 
sparing. 

COPIOUSLY (ko'pi-us-li), adv. In a copious 
manner. 

COPIOUSNESS ( ko'pi-us-nes ), n. State or 
quality of being copious. 

COPPER (kop'er), n. 1. Moderately hard, sono- 
rous, ductile and malleable metal, of a char- 
acteristic reddish-brown color. 2. Vessel 
made of copper. 3. Coin made of copper; 
cent. 4. Copperplate. 5. Policeman. (Slang.) 
[L. cuprum, a contraction of Cuprium ws, 
"Cyprian brass," because found in Cyprus.] 

COPPER (kop'er), vt. [pr.p. COPPERING; p.t. 
and p.p. COPPERED (kop'erd) .] 1. Cover with 
copper. 2. Play Contrarily; bet against (Colloq). 

COPPERAS (kop'er-as), n. Chetn. Sulphate of 
iron, used in dyeing black, or making ink. 
[O. Fr. coperose; probably from cupri rosa, rose 
of copper.] 

COPPER -FACED 
(kop'er-fasd), a. 
Coated or cover- 
ed with copper. 

COPPERHEAD 
(kop'er-hed), n. 1. 
Venomous spe- 
cies of the A- 
merican moccasin 
snake. 2. Op- 
probrious name 
for northern sympathizer with the South in 
the American civil war. 




Copperhead (Trigoncophalus 
contortrix). 




Copt. 



COPPERISH (kop'er-ish), a. Coppery. 

COPPERPLATE (kop'er-plat), n. 1. Plate of 
polished copper on which something has been 
engraved for printing. 2. Impression taken 
from the plate. 

COPPERSMITH (kop'er-smith), n. Smith who 
works in copper. 

COPPER WORM (kop'er-wurm), n. Ship- 
worm. 

COPPERY (kop'er-i), a. Pertaining to, con- 
taining, made of, or resembling copper. 

COPPICE (kop'is), COPSE (kops), «. Thicket 
of brushwood. [O. Fr. copeiz, wood newly 
cut.] 

COPRA (kop'ra), n. Dried 
kernel of the cocoanut. 
[Pg; from Malay.] 

COPSE (kops), n. Clump or 
cluster of thicket or brush- 
wood. 

CoPT (kopt), n. One of the 
Christian descendants of 
the ancient Egyptians. 
The Copts in Egypt number 
about 150,000. 

COPTIC (kop'tik), n. Lan- 
guage of Copts, the Christian descendants of the 
ancient Egyptians. 

COPULA (kop'ti-la), n. 1. That which joins 
together; bond; bond or tie. 2. Gram. Word 
that joins or couples together two words in the 
relation of a subject and a predicate; specif- 
ically the verb BE in all its forms. [L., band or 
link.] 

COPULAR (kop'u-lar), a. Of or pertaining to 
a copula. 

COPULATE (kop'u-lat), v. [pr.p. COP'ULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. COPULATED.] I. vt. 
Couple together. II. vi. Have sexual inter- 
course; couple; pair. [L. copulatus, p.p. of 
copulo join; from copula, band or link.] 

COPULATION (kop-u-la'shun), n. Act of cop- 
ulating. 

COPULATIVE (kop'u-la-tiv), I. a. Uniting. II. 
n. Gram. Conjunction that unites ideas as 
well as words. 

COPULATORY (kopu-la-to-ri), a. 1. Copu- 
lative; uniting. 2. Pertaining to copulation. 

COPY (kop'i), n. [pi. COPIES.] 1. Transcript 
or impression frcm an original. 2. Pattern 
or model given for imitation. 3. Anything 
made in imitation of another. 4. One of a 
number of books, papers, etc., exactly the 
same. 5. Manuscript or printed matter ready 
for or given to a compositor to be set up in 
type. [Fr. copic; from L. copia, plenty; in 
L. L., a transcript.] 

COPY (kop'i), v. [pr.p. COPYING; p.t. and p.p. 
COPIED (kop 'id).] I. vt. Write, paint, etc., 
after an original; imitate; reproduce; tran- 
scribe. II. vi. 1. Make a copy. 2. Admit 
of being copied or reproduced. 

SYN. Counterfeit; forge; plagiarize; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



COPY-BOOK 



2S5 



- 



CORDIAL 



model; personate; feign; simulate. ANT. 

Alter; distort; pervert. 
COPY-BOOK (kop'i-bok), n. Book in which 

copies are written or printed for imitation. 
COPYER (kop'i-er), n. Same as COPIER. 
COPYGRAPH (kop'i-graf), n. Any device for 

manifolding or multiplying a writing or draw- 
ing. 
COPYINGPRESS (kop'i-ing-pres), n. Machine 

for copying letters and other writings under 

pressure. 
COPYIST (kop'i-ist), n. One whose business 

is to copy documents; copier. 
COPYRIGHT (kop'i-rit), n. Exclusive right 

secured by law to authors, artists and owners, 

of publishing and selling for a limited time their 

literary and artistic productions. 
COPYRIGHT (kop'i-rit), vt. [pr.p. COPY- 
RIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. COP'YRIGHTED.] 

Obtain a copyright on, as to copyright a book. 
COQUET (kd-ket'), v. [pr.p. COQUET'TING; 

p.t. and p.p. COQUETTED.] I. vt. 1. Trifle 

with in love; flirt with. 2. Dally with. II. 

vi. Act the coquette; flirt. [Fr. coqueter, strut.] 
COQUETRY (ko'ket-ri), n. [pi. CO'QUETRIES.] 

1. Quality of being coquettish. 2. Act of 

coquetting. 
COQUETTE (ko-kef), n. Woman who seeks 

admiration from mere vanity; flirt. [Fr.; 

from coqueter, coquet.] 
COQUETTISH (ko-ket'ish), a. 1. Practicing 

coquetry. 2. Befitting a coquette. 
COQUETTISHLY (ko-ket'ish-li), adv. In a 

coquettish manner. 
COQUIMBO (ko-kim'bo), n. Burrowing owl of 

South America. [Coquimbo, department of 

Chile.] 
COQUINA (ko-ke'na), n. Shell-limestone. [Sp., 

shell-fish.] 
COR-, prefix. With; together; form of COM- 

before r. [L. cum, with.] 
CORACLE (kor'a-kl), n. Small oval rowboat, 

made of skins or oiled cloth stretched on 

wickerwork. [Wei. corwgl; from corwg, any- 
thing round.] 
CORACOID (kor'a-koid), a. Shaped like a 

crow's beak, as the coracoid process of the 

scapula. [Gr. korax, korakos, crow, and 

eidos, form.] 
CORAL(kor'al),I. n. 1. Cal- 
careous secretion of several 

kinds of marine zoophytes, 

forming coral reefs and 

Islands in many parts of the 

ocean. 2. Coral-secreting 

zoophyte. II. a. 1. Made 

of coral. 2. Of the color of 

coral; red or pink. [O. Fr.; 

from L. corallum; from Gr. Coral, showing the 

korallion, coral.] polypes (Corallium 

CORALLACEOUS (kor-al-a'- rubrum). 

shus), a. Like, or having the qualities of coral. 

[L. corallum, coral, and suffix -ACEOUS.] 




CORALLINE (kor'al-in), I. a. Of, like, or con- 
taining coral. II. n. 1. Limy seaweed of 
a delicate pinkish or purplish color. 2. 
Coral-producing polyp. 3. Coral-like sub- 
stance. 

CORALLOID (kor'al-oid), a. Da the form of, 
or resembling, coraL [Gr. korallion, coral, 
and eidos, form.] 

CORAZON (ko-ra-zon'), n. Species of love or 
custard apple grown in South American trop- 
ics. [Sp. corazon, heart.] 

CORB (karb), n. Iron basket used for raising 
coal in collieries. [L. corbis, basket.] 

CORBAN (kar'ban), n. Anything devoted to 
God in fulfillment of a vow. [Heb. gorbdn, 
offering.] 

CORBEIL (kar'bel), n. Fort. Basket filled with 
earth, and set up as a protection from the fire 
of the enemy; gabion. [Fr. corbeiUe; from L. 
corbis, basket.] 

CORBEL (kar'bel), n. Arch. 1. Projection of 
stone or wood from the face of a wall, sup- 
porting pillars or other superincumbent 
weights. 2. Niche or hollow left in wails for 
images, figures, or statues. 3. Representa- 
tion of a basket, sometimes set on the heads 
of caryatides. 4. Vase or tambour of the 
Corinthian column, so called from its re- 
semblance to a basket. — Corbel steps, series 
of steps crowning a gable wall. [O. Fr.; from 
L. corbis, basket.] 

CORD (kard), n. 1. String or thin rope, com- 
posed of several strands twisted together. 2. 
Something resembling a cord, as the spinal 
cord. 3. Anything that binds or restrains. 
4. Measure of wood = 128 cubic feet, origi- 
nally determined by the use of a cord or string. 
[Fr. corde; from L. chorda; from Gr. chords, 
intestine.] 

CORD (kard), vt. [pr.p. CORO'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CORDED.] 1. Supply with a cord. 2. Bind 
with a cord. 3. Pile up for measurement or 
sale by the cord, as fire-wood. 

CORDAGE (kard'aj), n. Ropes or cords collec- 
tively. 

CORDATE (kar'dat), a. 
Bot. Heart-shaped, as 
certain leaves. TL. cor, 
cordis, heart.] 

CORDED (kard'ed), a. 1. 
Fastened with cords. 
2. Furrowed, as with 
cords. 3. Piled up for 
measure or sale by the cord, as fire-wood. 

CORDIAL (kar'jal or kar'di-al), I. a. 1. With 
warmth of heart; sincere; hearty. 2. Re- 
viving the heart or spirits. II. n. 1. Any- 
thing that cheers, comforts, revives, or ex- 
hilarates. 2. Stimulating drink, usually made 
with essential oils dissolved in alcohol, spiced 
and sweetened. 3. Medicine that increases 
the force of the heart, or strengthens the cir- 
culation. [L. cor, cordis, heart.] 




Cordate leaf. 



[ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CORDIALITY 



286 



CORMOPHYLY 



CORDIALITY (kar-jal'i-ti or kar-di-al'i-ti), ». 

Warmth of kindly feeling; heartiness. 
CORDIALLY (kar'jal-i or kar'di-al-i)» adv. In 

a cordial manner. 
CORDILLERA (kar-dil-ya/ra), n. Mountain 
chain or ridge. [Sp.; from O. Sp. cordilla; 
from L. cherda, cord.] 
CORDON (kar'dun), n. 1. Cord or rihbon be- 
stowed as a badge of honor. 2. Fort. Row 
of stones along the line of rampart. 3. Arch. 
Projecting molding or coping. 4. In mili- 
tary and naval operations, a line of soldiers, 
forts, ships, etc., acting as sentries to prevent 
the passage of unauthorized persons or 
ships. [Fr., from corde, cord.] 
CORDOVA (kar'do-va), n. City, in Spain, on the 

Guadalquivir. 
CORDUROY (kar'du-roi), n. 1. Thick cotton 
stuff with corded or ribbed surface. 2. [pi.] 
Trousers made of corduroy. — Corduroy road, 
road made of poles or logs laid transversely 
and in contact, usually over a swamp or miry 
place. [Etym. doubtful; probably from Fr. 
corde du roy, king's cord.] 
CORDWAIN (kard'wan), n. Spanish leather, 
originally of goat-skin, but now frequently 
of split horsehides. [O. Fr. cordowan; from 
Cordova (a city in Spain).] 
CORDWAINER (kard'wan-er), n. Worker in 

leather goods; shoemaker. 
CORE (kor), n. 1. Heart or inner part of any- 
thing, especially of fruit. 2. Gist or essential 
part of a matter. 3. Founding. Internal 
mold, which forms a hollow in the casting of 
metals. [L. cor, heart.] 
CORE (kor), vt. [pr.p. CORING; p.t. and p.p. 
CORED (kord).] 1. Take out the core of. 2. 
Founding. Cast by means of a core. 
COREA. See KOREA. 
CORECTOME (kor-ek'tom), n. Surg. Instrument 

used to perform the operation of corectomy. 
CORECTOMY (kor-ek'to-mi), n. Operation for 

removal of part of iris; iridectome. 
CORER (kor'er), n. Instrument for removing 

the core. 
CORESPONDENT (ko-re-spond'ent), n. Law. 1. 
Joint respondent. 2. Person charged in a 
divorce suit with being implicated with the 
respondent. 
CORIACEOUS (ko-ri-a'shus), a. Of or like 

leather; leathery. [L. corium, leather.] 
CORIANDER (ko-ri-an'der), n. Annual plant, 
the seeds of which when fresh have an offen- 
sive smell, used as a medicine, spice, etc. [L. 
coriandrum.] 
CORINTH (kor'inth), n. Town, Mississippi, 

scene of battle October 3-4, 1862. 
CORINTH (kor'inth), n. Ancient city of Greece, 

on isthmus of Corinth. 
CORINTHIAN (kor-inth'i-an), a. 1. Pertaining 
to Corinth, a city of ancient Greece. 2. Per- 
taining to an ornate order of architecture, 
the most delicate and elaborate of all the or- 




Cork-tree (Quercus suler). 



ders. 3. Luxurious; licentious; profligate. 
— Corinthian brass. 1. Alloy made in Corinth, 
much valued in ancient times. 2. Assurance 
or effrontery. 
CORIUM (ko'ri-um), n. [pi. CO'RIA.] Anat. 

Innermost layer of the skin. [L., leather.] 
CORK (kark), n. 1. Outer bark of the cork-tree, 
an oak found in 
southernEurope 
and northern 
Africa, from 
which floats, 
stoppers for bot- 
tles and casks, 
etc., are made. 
2. Stopper or 
float made of 
cork* 3. Any- 
thing of a sim- 
ilar nature. [Sp. 
corcho; from L. 
cortex, bark. 
CORK (kark), n. 

City, Ireland. 
CORK (kark), vt. [pr.p. CORKING; p.t. and p.p. 
CORKED (karkt).] 1. Stop with a cork. 2. 
Blacken with a burnt cork. 
CORKAGE (kark'aj), n. Charge made by hotel- 
keepers for guests using wines and liquors not 
purchased on the premises. 
CORK-BOARD (kark'bord), n. Light, elastic 
cardboard made from ground cork mixed 
with paper-pulp. 
CORK-CUTTER (kark'kut-er), n. Tool used 
for cutting out corks from sheet-cork, con- 
sisting of a brass tube hardened and sharpened 
at the cutting end. 
CORKED (karkt), a. 1. Stopped with a cork. 2. 

Blackened with a burnt cork. 
CORKER (kark'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which corks. 2. Successful examination at 
college. (Colloq.) 3. Conclusive argument; 
clincher. (Slang.) 
CORKINESS (kark'i-nes), n. Quality of being 

corky. 
CORKMETAL (kark'met-al), n. Composite 
metal of lighter specific gravity than alumi- 
num, principally used in the construction of 
aeroplanes. Composed of 99 per cent of 
magnesium with traces of inon, zinc, sodium 
and aluminum used as binders. 
CORK-PRESSER (kark'pre-s-er), n. Machine 
for compressing corks, so as to make them 
enter the necks of bottles easily. 
CORKSCREW (kark'skro), I. n. Instrument for 
drawing corks from bottles. II. a. Like a 
corkscrew in shape. 
CORKY (kark'i), a. Of or resembling a cork. 
CORM (karm), n. Bot. Short, bulb-like subter- 
ranean stem of many plants, sometimes called 
a solid bulb. [Gr. homos, tree-trunk.] 
CORMOPHYLY (kar-mof'i-li), n. Chronology 
of ancient tribes and races. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CORMORANT 



287 



CORN-SHELLER 




CORMORANT (kar 'mo-rant), n. 1. Large, 

web -footed 

sea-bird, of 

great voracity. 

2. Hence, a 

glutton. [Fr. 

cormoran; 

from L. corvus 

marinus, sea- 
crow.] 
CORN (karn), n. 

Small hard 

growth chiefly 

on the toe or 

foot, resulting 

from an increase of thickness of the cuticle, 

caused by ex- 
cessive pressure 

or friction on the 

part. [O. Fr., 

from L. cornu, 

horn.] 
CORN (karn), 

Seeds of 

plants, as 

barley, rye 

oats, used 

2. Plants 



Common Cormorant 
(Phalacrocorax carbo). 




Cellular structure of 
grain of corn. 



w. 1. 
cereal 
wheat, 
maize, 
for food, 
that pro- 
duce corn. 3. Single 
seed or grain of a 
cereal plant. 4. In 
America, maize or 

\ Indian corn only. 
[A. S. corn.] 

CORN (karn), vt. [pr.p. CORN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CORNED (karnd).] 1. Preserve or pickle in 
brine. 2. Form into grains; granulate. 

CORN-BEEF (karn'bef), n. Corned beef, i.e. 
beef pickled or preserved in brine. 

CORN-BELT (karn'belt), n. Limits to territory 
in IT. S. in which corn is principally grown. 

CORN-BREAD (karn'bred), n. Bread made of 
corn-meal. 

CORN-CAKE (karn'kak), n. Griddle cake made 
with corn-meal. 

CORN-COB (karn'kob), n. Spike around which 
the kernels of maize grow. 

CORNEA (kar'ne-a), n. Anat. Transparent 
horny membrane which forms the front cov- 
ering of the eye. [L. corneus, horny; from 
cornu, horn.] 

CORNEAL (kar'ne-al), a. Pertaining to the 
cornea. 

CORNED (karnd), a. 1. Pickled or preserved 
in salt or in brine. 2. Intoxicated. (Slang.) 

CORNEL (kar'nel), n. Cornelian cherry or dog- 
wood, a small tree native to Southern Europe. 
[L. cornus.] 

CORNELIAN (kar-ne'li-ari), n. Same as CAR- 
NELIAN. 

CORNEOUS (kar'ne-us), a. Of a substance re- 
sembling or having the qualities of horn; 
horny. [L. corneus; from cornu, horn.] 




CORNER (kar'ner), n. 1. Point where two con- 
verging lines or surfaces meet; angle. 2. 
Space between the lines near the meeting 
point. 3. Any remote, out-of-the-way, or 
secret place. 4. Embarrassing position. 5. 
Operation by which the whole of a stock or 
commodity is bought up, so that speculative 
sellers are compelled to buy, to meet their 
engagements, at the cornering buyer's own 
price. [O. Fr. corniere; from L. cornu, horn.] 

CORNER (kar'ner), vt. [pr.p. COR'NERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CORNERED (kar'nerd).] 1. Sup- 
ply with corners. 2. Drive into a corner or 
angle. 3. Force into a position of embarrass- 
ment or difficulty. 4. Create a scarcity of by 
securing the control of the supply. 

CORNERED (kar'nerd), a. 1. Having corners. 
2. Forced into a corner. 

CORNER-STONE (kar'ner-ston), n. 1. Stone that 
unites the two walls of a building at a corner; 
principal stone, especially the corner of the 
foundation of a building. 2. Hence, some- 
thing of primary importance. 

CORNERWISE (kar'ner-wiz), adv. With the 
corner in front; diagonally. 

CORNET (kar'net), n. 
Music. 1. Brass 
treble wind-instru- 
ment, with a cup 
mouthpiece; called 
also cornet- a-piston. 
2. Low organ stop 
like a cornet in tone. 
[Fr. cornet, dim. of come, horn.] 

CORNET (kar-nef), n. Mil. 1. Formerly the 
lowest grade of commissioned officer in the 
British cavalry — the office was abolished in 
1871, sub-lieutenant being substituted. 2. 
Formerly the ensign or colors of a British 
troop of cavalry. [Fr. cornette, standard.] 

CORNFIELD (karn'feld), n. Field of Indian 
corn or maize. 

CORNFLOWER (karn'flow-er), n. Flowering 
plant that grows amongst grain, especially 
the wild poppy and bluebottle ( Centaurea 
Cyanus). 

CORNICE (kar'nis), n. 1. Arch. Molding that 
projects from the top of a wall, column, or en- 
tablature. 2. Plaster moldings round the 
ceiling of rooms at its junction with the walls. 
[Fr.; from Gr. koronis, curved line.] 

CORNICULATE (kar-nik'u-lat), a. 1. Horned. 
2. Shaped like a horn. 

CORN-MEAL (karn'mel), n. Meal made from 
Indian corn or maize. 

CORN-PITH (karn' pith), n. Fluffy, cellular 
substance occupying the center of the stalks 
of Indian corn, from which cellulose is pre- 
pared. 

CORN-POPPER ( karn'pop-er), n. Device usu- 
ally of wide-mesh wire in which a special 
kind of Indian corn is popped over a brisk fire. 

CORN-SHELLER (karn'shel-er), n. Machine 



Cornet-a- Piston. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CORN-SHOCK 



288 



CORPULENT 



for separating grains of Indian corn from 
the cob. 

CORN-SHOCK (karn'shok), n. Shock of cut 
stalks of Indian corn. 

CORN-SHUCK (karn'shuk), n. Husk covering 
ears of Indian corn. 

CORN-SNAKE (karn'snak), n. Non-venomous 
snake, the Coluber guttalus, common in the 
southern part of the United States. 

CORN-STALK (karn-stak), n. Stalk of Indian 
corn. 

CORN-STARCH (karn'starch), n. 1. Laundry 
starch made from Indian corn. 2. Starch- 
like flour made from Indian corn, used for 
puddings, etc. 

CORNU (kar'nu), n. [pi. CORNUA (kar'nu-a).] 
Horn; anything shaped like or resembling a 
horn. 

CORNUCOPIA (kar-nu-ko'pi-a), n. 1. Horn of 
plenty; horn wreathed with flowers and filled 
to overflowing with fruit, grain, etc., the sym- 
bol of peace and plenty. 2. Horn-shaped 
receptacle. [L. cornu, horn, and copia, 
plenty.] 

CORNUS (kar'nus), n. Bot. Quatrefoil plant of 
dogwood species. 

CORNUTE (kar-nuf), CORNUTED (kar-nu'- 
ted), a. 1. Having horns. 2. Shaped like a 
horn. [L. cornutus, horned; from cornu, 
horn.] 

CORNWALL (karn'wal), n. Maritime county, 
forming S. W. extremity of England. 

COROL (kor'ol), n. Corolla. 

COROLLA (ko-rol'a), n. Bot. Inner circle or 
whorl of the floral envelope. [L.; dim. of 
corona, crown.] 

COROLLARY (kor'o-la-ri), n. [pi. COR'OLLA- 
RIES.] 1. Inference or deduction from recog- 
nized facts. 2. Consequence or result. [L. 
corollarium, garland; from corolla.] 

CORONA (ko-ro'na), n. [pi. CORO'NAS or CO- 
RO'N^E.] 1. Bom. Archeol. Garland or crown 
given as the reward of bravery. 2. Arch. 
Large, flat, projecting member of a cornice 
which crowns the entablature. 3. Bot. 
Crown-like appendage at the top of com- 
pound flowers. 4. Astron. Luminous circle 
or halo which surrounds the sun during a to- 
tal eclipse. 5. Anat. Anything crown-shaped. 
[L. corona, crown.] 

CORONADITE (ko-ro-na'dit), n. Min. Black 
manganate of lead. 

CORONAL (kor'o-nal), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
a corona, in any sense of the term. II. n. 1. 
Crown or garland. 2. Anat. Frontal bone 
of the skull. 

CORONARY (kor'o-na-ri), I. o. Pertaining to 
a crown or to the top of the head. II. n. [pi. 
COR'ONARIES.] Small pastern-bone of horse's 
foot. 

CORONATION (kor-o-na'shun), n. Act of 
crowning a sovereign. 

CORONER (kor'o-ner), n. Officer whose duty is 



to hold inquest into the causes of accidental 
or suspicious deaths. [L. L. coronator; from 
L. corona, crown.] 

CORONET (kor'o-net), n. 1. Inferior crown 
worn by princes and noblemen. 2. Orna- 
mental head-dress or chaplet. [O. Fr. ; dim. 
of corone, crown.] 

CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), n. Mil. Lowest non- 
commissioned officer in a military company. 
[Fr. caporal; from L. caput, head.] 

CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), a. 1. Belonging or 
relating to the body, as corporal punishment. 

2. Formerly, the same as CORPOREAL. [L. 
corporalis; from corpus, corporis, body.] 

CORPORAL (kar'po-ral), CORPORALE (kar- 
po-ra'le), n. JSccl. Cloth used for covering 
the elements of the eucharist. 

CORPORALITY (kar-po-ral'i-ti), n. State of 
being corporal — opposed to SPIRITUALITY. 

CORPORALLY (kar'po-ral-i), adv. In a mate- 
rial manner; not spiritually. 

CORPORATE (kar'po-rat), a. 1. Legally united 
into a body so as to act as an individual; in- 
corporated. 2. Belonging to a corporation. 

3. United; collective. [L. corporatus, p.p. of 
corporo, form into a body; from corpus, body.] 

CORPORATELY (kar'po-rat-li), adv. In a cor- 
porate capacity. 

CORPORATION (kar-po-ra'shun), n. Body 
vested with certain rights or privileges by law, 
with a view to their preservation in perpetual 
succession. It may consist of one person, 
when it is called sole, or of a number of per- 
sons, when it is called aggregate. 

CORPORATOR (kar'po-ra-tur), n. Member of 
a corporation. 

CORPOREAL (kar-pd're-al), a. Having a body 
or substance; material; substantial — opposed 
to SPIRITUAL. [L. corporeus: from corpus, 
corporis, body.] 

CORPOREALLY (kar-po're-al-i), adv. In a cor- 
poreal manner; bodily. 

CORPOREITY (kar-po-re'i-ti), n. State of 
having a material body; materiality of being. 

CORPOSANT (kar'po-zant), n. St. Elmo's fire, 
a ball of fire sometimes seen about a ship 
during a storm. [Pg. corpo santo; from L. 
corpus sanctum, holy body.] 

CORPS (kor), n. [pi. CORPS (korz; Fr. kor).] 
Body of persons more or less intimately asso- 
ciated in work or action. — Corps d' armee, or 
army corps, section of army in active service, 
composed of two or more divisions. iFr. ; from 
L. corpus, body.] 

CORPSE (karps), n. Dead body of a human 
being. [Fr. corps; from L. corpus, body.] 

CORPULENCE (kar'pu-lens), n. Excessive fat- 
ness of body; fleshiness; obesity. [Fr.; from 
L. corpulentia; from corpus, body.] 

CORPULENCY (kar'pu-len-si), n. Corpulence. 

CORPULENT (kar'pu-lent), a. Very fleshy or 
fat. 

SYN. Portly; obese; stout; large; burly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut : burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CORPULENTLY 



289 



CORROBORATE 



ANT. Lean; thin; attenuated; slight; 
emaciated; scrawny. 

CORPULENTLY (kar'pu-lent-li), adv. In a cor- 
pulent manner. 

CORPUS (kar'pus), n. [pi. CORPORA.] 1. 
Body. 2. Anat. Any special structure or 
function in the hody. 3. Bot. Mass of any- 
thing. 4. Whole body of literature on any 
subject. [L. corpus, body.] 

CORPUSCLE (kar'pus-1), n. 1. One of the 
microscopic globules or cells contained in 
the blood. 2. Physics. One of the ultimate 
particles into which an elementary atom may 
be divided; electron. [L. corpusculum; dim. 
of corpus, body.] 

CORPUSCULAR (kar-pus'ku-lar), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or consisting of corpuscles. 

CORRADIATE (kor-ra/di-at), vi. [pr.p. COR- 
RA'DIATING; p.t. and p.p. CORRA'DIATED.J 
Converge to a focus. [COR- and RADIATE.] 

CORRADIATION (kor-ra-di-a'shun), n. Act of 
converging to a focus. 

CORRAL (kor-raD n. Inclosure for cattle, 
horses, etc. [Sp.; from corro, circle.] 




Corral at Cristobal, Panama Canal Zone. 

CORRAL (kor-ral'), vt. [pr.p. CORRAL'LING; 

p.t. and p.p. CORRALLED (kor-rald').] 1. 

Drive Into or inclose in a corral. 2. Sur- 
round; corner; pen up. 
CORRECT (kor-rekt), vt. [pr.p. CORRECTING; 

p.t. and p.p. CORRECT 'ED.] 1. Make right. 

2. Remove faults. 3. Punish. 4. Set right. 

5. Obviate or counterbalance. [L. corrigo, 

correctum, set straight or right; cor- (con-), 

together, and rego, rule.] 
CORRECT (kor-rekt'), a. 1. According to a 

fixed standard or rule. 2. True; exact; in 

accordance with facts. 3. Free from faults. 

4. According to propriety. 

SYN. Accurate; right; precise; regular; 

faultless; just; upright; equitable; proper. 

ANT. Incorrect; faulty; wrong; improper. 
CORRECTABLE (kor-rekt'a-bl), a. Capable of 

being corrected. 
CORRECTION (kor-rek'shun), a. 1. Act of 



correcting. 2. Amendment; matter as cor- 
rected. 3. Punishment; chastisement. 

CORRECTIONAL (kor-rek'shun-al), a. Tending 
or having the power, to correct. 

CORRECTIVE ( kor-rekt'iv ), I. a. Correc- 
tional. II. n. That which corrects. 

CORRECTLY (kor-rekt'li), adv. In a correct 
manner. 

CORRECTNESS (kor-rekt'nes), n. Quality of 
being correct. 

CORRECTOR (kor-rekt'ur), n. He who or that 
which corrects. 

CORREGIDOR (kor-rej'i-dar or kor-ra-he- 
thar')» n. Chief magistrate of a Spanish town. 
[Sp.; from corregir, correct.] 

CORRELATE (kor're-lat), v. [pr.p. CORRE- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. CORRELATED.] I. vt. 
Bring into mutual relation. II. vi. Be mu- 
tually related, as father and son. [COR- and 
RELATE.] 

CORRELATION ( kor-re-la'shun ), n. Mutual 
or reciprocal relation. 

CORRELATIVE (kor-rel'a-tiv), I. a. Mutually 
or reciprocally related. II. n. Person or 
thing correspondingly related to another per- 
son or thing. 

CORRELATIVELY (kor-rel'a-tiv-li), adv. In a 
correlative manner. 

CORRESPOND (kor-re-spond'), vi. [pr.p. COR- 
RESPONDING; p.t. and p.p. CORRESPOND'- 
ED.] 1. Be congruous; be adapted to; fit; 
agree; coincide; match; accord. 2. Be equal 
or alike. 3. Hold communication by send- 
ing and receiving letters. [L. cor-, together, 
and respondeo, respond.] 

CORRESPONDENCE (kor-re-spond'ens), n. 1. 
Relation of agreement; congruity. 2. Friend- 
ly intercourse. 3. Communication by means 
of letters. 4. Letters which are sent and re- 
ceived by correspondents. 

CORRESPONDENT (kor-re-spond'ent), I. a. 
Agreeing with; suitable. II. n. 1. One with 
whom intercourse is kept up by letters. 2. 
One who is engaged to transmit news to a 
newspaper or other periodical. 

CORRESPONDING (kor-re-spond'ing), a. 1. 
Correspondent; answering; suiting. 2. Car- 
rying on correspondence. 

CORRESPONDINGLY ( kor-re-spond 'ing-li), adv. 
Conformably. 

CORRIDOR (kar'i-dar or kor'i-dor), n. Passage- 
way or open gallery communicating with 
separate apartments. 

CORRIGIBLE (kor'ri-ji-bl), a. Capable of being 
corrected or reformed. [L. corrigo, set 
straight or right.] 

CORROBORANT ( kor-rob'o-rant), I. a. 
Strengthening; corroborating. II. n. Any- 
thing that corroborates or strengthens; 
tonic. 

CORROBORATE (kor-rob'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. 
CORROB 'ORATING; p.*. and p.p. CORROB- 
ORATED.] Make more certain or sure; con- 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CORROBORATION 



290 



CORTICOLOUS 



firm. [L. corroborates, p.p. of corroboro, 
strengthen.] 

CORROBORATION ( kor-rob-o-ra/shun ), n. 
Confirmation. 

CORROBORATIVE (kor-rob'o-ra-tiv), a. Tend- 
ing to confirm or strengthen. 

CORRODE (kor-rod), v. [pr.p. CORRO'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. CORRODED.] I. vt. Eat away 
by degrees; rust; destroy by corrosion. II. vi. 
Be eaten away; become corroded. [L. corrodo; 
from cor-, together, and rodo, gnaw.] 

CORRODENT (kor-ro'dent), I. a. Having the 
power of corroding. II. n. That which 
corrodes; corrosive. 

CORRODIBLE (kor-ro'di-bl), adv. Capable of 
being corroded. 

CORROSION (kor-ro'zhun), n. 1. Action or 
process of eating or wearing away by slow 
degrees. 2. State of being corroded. [L.L. 
corrosio; from L. corrosus, p.p. of corrodo, 
corrode.] 

CORROSIVE (kor-ro'siv), I. a. Having the 
Quality of eating away or corroding. II. n. 
That which has the power of corroding. — 
Corrosive sublimate, bichloride of mercury, a 
virulent poison. 

CORROSIVELY (kor-ro'siv-li), adv. In a cor- 
rosive manner. 

CORROSIVENESS (kor-ro'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being corrosive. 

CORRUGANT (kor'ro-gant), a. Having the 
power of corrugating. 

CORRUGATE (kor'rp-gat), v. [pr.p. COR'RU- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. COR'RUGATED.] I. 
vt. Wrinkle or draw into folds or ridges. II. 
vi. Become wrinkled or contracted into folds. 
[L. corrugatus, p.p. of corrugo, wrinkle.] 

CORRUGATE (kor'ro-gat), a. Corrugated. 

CORRUGATED (kor'ro-ga-ted), a. Wrinkled 
or contracted into folds. 

CORRUGATION (kor-ro-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
wrinkling or being wrinkled. 2. Wrinkle. 

CORRUGATOR (kor'ro-ga-tur), n. Anat. One 
of the two muscles that wrinkle the brow. 

CORRUPT (kor-rupt'), a. 1. Decomposed; 
tainted; putrid; spoiled. 2. Depraved; per- 
verted. 3. Devoid of integrity; dishonest; 
given to grafting or bribery. 4. Infected or 
vitiated with errors; incorrect; not genuine. 
[L. corruptus, p.p. of corrumpo, corrupt; from 
cor-, together, and rumpo, break.] 

CORRUPT (kor-rupt), v. [pr.p. CORRUPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. CORRUPTED.] I. vt. 1. Make 
putrid. 2. Deprave; pollute; defile. 3. Per- 
vert by promises or bribes. 4. Render im- 
pure or incorrect; falsify. II. vi. 1. Become 
corrupt or putrid. 2. Lose purity. 

CORRUPTER ( kor-rupt'er), n. One who or 
that which corrupts. 

CORRUPTIBILITY (kor-rupt-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being corruptible. 

CORRUPTIBLE (kor-rupt'i-bl), a. Susceptible 
of corruption. 



CORRUPTIBLENESS (kor-rupt'i-bl-nes), n. 
Corruptibility. 

CORRUPTIBLY (kor-rupt'i-bli), adv. In a cor- 
ruptible manner. 

CORRUPTION (kor-rup'shun), n. 1. Act of 
corrupting. 2. State of being corrupted. 3. 
Anything corrupting or infectious. 4. De- 
terioration; impurity. 5. Bribery; perver- 
sion from the path of integrity. 6. Corrupt 
or debased reading or version; debased lan- 
guage or style. 

SYN. Putrescence; putrefaction; rotten- 
ness; vitiation; contamination; infection; 
pollution; debasement; perversion; adulter- 
ation; depravity; impurity; bribery. ANT. 
Vitality; purity; purification. 

CORRUPTIVE (kor-rupt'iv), o. Having the 
quality of corrupting. 

CORRUPTLESS (kor-rupt'les), a. Incorruptible; 
undecaying. 

CORRUPTLY (kor-rupt'li), adv. In a corrupt 
manner. 

CORRUPTNESS (kor-rupt'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being corrupt. 

CORSAGE (kar'saj), n. Bodice or waist of a 
woman's dress. [Fr.; from O. Fr. cors, body; 
from L. corpus.] 

CORSAIR (kar'sar), n. 1. Pirate. 2. Pirate 
vessel. [Fr. corsaire; from L. cursus, course.] 

CORSE (kars), n. Poetic form of CORPSE. [O. 
Fr. cors, body.] 

CORSELET (kars'let),n. Anfig. 1. Armor worn to 
protect the body. 2. Cuirass or breastplate. [Fr.] 

CORSET (kar'set), n. Closely-fitting inner bod- 
Ice, stiffened with strips of whalebone, steel, 
etc., and laced up; stays. [Dim. of O. Fr. 
cors, body.] 

CORSICA (kar'si-ka), n. Island in the Mediter- 
ranean, department of France. 

CORTEGE (kar-tazh'), n. Train of attendants; 
procession, especially a funeral procession. 
[Fr.; from It. corteggio, train; from corte, court 
retinue.] 

CORTES (kar'tes), n. National legislature or 
parliament of Spain or of Portugal. [Sp. pi. 
of corte, court.] 

CORTEX (kar'teks), n. [pi. CORTICES (kar'ti- 
sez).] 1. Bot. Bark or skin of a tree or plant. 
2. Anat. Outer layer on any tissue or struc- 
ture of the body. [L., bark.] 

CORTICAL (kar'ti-kal), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to a cortex or external layer; as, the cortical 
part of the brain. 2. Consisting of or resem- 
bling bark. [L. cortex, bark] 

CORTICATE (kar'ti-kat), CORTICATED (kar'- 
ti-ka-ted), a. 1. Furnished with a cortex. 
2. Resembling the bark of a tree. 

CORTICINE (kar'ti-sin), n. Composition of 
gutta-percha mixed with cork used as a floor- 
covering. [L. cortex, corticis, bark, cork.] 

CORTICOLOUS (kar-tik'o-lus), a. Growing on 
bark. [L. cortex, corticis, bark, and colo, 
inhabit.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfe in Scotch loch. ' 



CORTICOSE 



291 



COSMOS 



CORTICOSE (kar'ti-kos), CORTICOUS (kar'ti- 

kus), a. Bot. Of the nature of bark; barky. 
CORUNDOPHILITE (ko-run-dof'i-lit), n. chlo- 

rited corundum. 
CORUNDUM (ko-run'dum), n. Min. Min- 
eral of extreme hardness, an oxide of alumi- 
num, the granular variety of which is com- 
monly known as emery. Other varieties 
include the sapphire, Oriental ruby, topaz, 
and emerald. [Hind, kuraud, corundum.] 
CORUSCATE (kor'us-kat), vi. [pr.p. COR'US- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. COR'USCATED.] Throw 
off sparkles of light; sparkle. [L. coruscatus, 
p.p. of corusco, flash.] 
CORUSCATION (kor-us-ka'shun), n. Sudden 

gleam or burst of light; brilliant display. 
CORVETTE, CORVET (kar-vef), n. Flush- 
decked vessel of war, rigged, and having only 
one tier of guns, either on the upper or the 
main deck. [Fr.; from L. corbis, basket.] 
CORVINE (kar'vin), a. Of or pertaining to a crow; 

crow-like. [L. corvinus; from corvus, crow.] 
CORYBANTES(kor-i-ban'tez), n. pi. Greek Myth. 
Priests and devotees of the goddess Rhea in 
Phrygia. Their mode of worship was charac- 
terized by bacchanalian and other wild orgies. 
CORYMB (kor'imb), n. Bot. Convex flower- 
cluster of indefinite inflorescence. [L. corym- 
"bus, cluster; from Gr. korymbos, head or top.] 
CORYMBOSE (kor-im'bos), a. Bot. Pertaining 

to, or having the structure of, a corymb. 
CORYPHEE (ko-re-fa'), n. 1. Principal dan- 
seuse in the ballet. 2. Ballet dancer; chorus 
girl. [Fr.; from L. coryphaeus, leader; from 
Gr. koryphaios, leader of the chorus in the At- 
tic drama; from koryphe, head.] 
CORYPHENE (kor'i-fen), n. Swift-darting 
marine fish, having beautiful metallic tints, 
looking golden while in the water. [Gr. korus, 
helmet, and phaino, show.] 
COSEISMAL ( ko-sis'mal), a. Experiencing an 
earthquake shock simultaneously at all points. 
[CO- and SEISMAL.] 
COSEISMIC (ko-sis'mik), a. Coseismal. 
COSENTIENT ( ko-sen'shi-ent) , a. Perceiving 

together. [CO- and SENTIENT.] 
COSEY (ko'zi), a. Same as COZY. 
COSHER (kosh'er), vt. [pr.p. COSH'ERING; 
p.t. and p.p. COSHERED (kosh'erd).] I. vt. 
Pamper; coddle. II. vi. Be friendly; chat in 
a friendly way. [Sc. cosh, snug.] 
COSHER (kosh'er), vi. [pr.p. COSH'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. COSHERED (kosh'erd).] Old Irish 
Feudal Law. Live on dependents. [Ir. coisir, 
feast.] 
COSHER Y (kosh'er-i), n. Ancient right of an 
Irish chief to quarter himself and his re- 
tainers on his tenantry. 
COSINAGE (kuz'n-aj), n. Law. Collateral re- 
lationship; kindred by blood. [O. Fr.; from 
cosin, cousin.] 
COSINE (ko'sin), n. Trig. Sine of the comple- 
ment of a given angle. 



COSMESIS (koz-me'sis), n. Art of beautifying 
by the use of cosmetics. 

COSMETIC (koz-met'ik), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to the art of improving the beauty of the com- 
plexion. 2. Improving the beauty of the 
skin; beautifying. II. n. Preparation for 
beautifying the skin. [Gr. kosmeticos, skilled 
in decoration; from kosmeo, decorate; from 
kosmos, order.] 

COSMIC (koz'mik), a. 1. Pertaining to the uni- 
verse, or to its system of laws and order. 2. 
Orderly; opposed to CHAOTIC. 3. Vast in 
space or time. 4. Speedy like the planets. 
5. Astron. Rising or setting with the sun; 
opposed to ACRONYCHAL. [Gr. kosmikos; 
from kosmos, universe.] 

COSMICAL (koz'nlik-al), a. Cosmic. 

COSMISM (koz'mizm), n. Notion of the cosmos 
as a self-existing whole; doctrine of evolution. 

COSMOGONIC (koz-mo-gon'ik), a. Relating to 
cosmogony. 

COSMOGONY (koz-mog'o-ni), n. [pi. COSMOG- 
ONIES.] Theory of the origin of the universe 
and its inhabitants. [Gr. kosmos, and -GONY.] 

COSMOGRAPHER (koz-mog'ra-fer), n. One 
versed in cosmography. 

COSMOGRAPHIC (koz-mo-graf'ik), COSMO- 
GRAPHICAL (koz-mo-graf'ik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to cosmography. 

COSMOGRAPHY (koz-mog'ra-fl), n. Descrip- 
tion of the world; science of the constitution 
of the universe. [Gr. kosmographia; from 
kosmos, world, and grapho, write.] 

COSMOLATRY (koz-mol'a-tri), n. Worship of 
a universal kind. 

COSMOLOGICAL(koz-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to cosmology. 

COSMOLOGIST (koz-mol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in cosmology. 

COSMOLOGY (koz-mol'o-ji), n. [pi. COSMOL'O- 
GIES.] 1. Science of the universe as a whole. 
2. Treatise on the structure and parts of the 
system of creation. [Gr. kosmos t world, and 
-LOGY.] 

COSMOPLASTIC (koz-mo-plas'tik), a. World- 
forming. [Gr. kosmos, world, and PLASTIC] 

COSMOPOLITAN (koz-mo-pol'i-tan), I., a. 1. 
Common to all parts of the world. 2. Feeling 
at home in any part of the world; free from 
national prejudices. II. n. Cosmopolite. 

COSMOPOLITE (koz-mop'o-lit), I. a. Cos- 
mopolitan. II. n. Citizen of the world; one 
free from local or national prejudices. [Gr. 
kosmopolites; from kosmos, world, and polites, 
citizen; from polis, city.] 

COSMORAMA (koz-mo-ra'ma), n. Exhibition 
of a series of views of different parts of the 
world, so arranged as to produce the effects 
of actual vision. [Gr. kosmos, world, and 
horama, view.] 

COSMOS (koz'mos), n. World or universe as an 
orderly or systematic whole — opposed to 
CHAOS. [Gr., world, order.] 



fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mitpnote, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COSSACK 



292 



COTTER 



COSSACK (kos'ak) n. One of a race inhabiting 
the south-eastern parts of Russia, forming an 
important element in the Russian army, be- 
ing used as light cavalry on account of their 
skill in horsemanship. [Russ. Kozaku, Cos- 

COSSAS(kos'as), n. pi. Unbleached hand-loom 
Indian lawns and muslins. [Hind.] 

COSSET (kos'et), n. 1. Lamb reared in the house 
by hand. 2. Pet of any kind. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

COSSET (kos'et), vt. [pr.p. COSSETING; p.t. 
and p.p. COS'SETED.] Pamper; fondle; pet. 

COST (kast or kost), vt. [pr.p. COST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. COST.] 1. Require to be paid, ex- 
pended, or laid out as a price in exchange for. 
2. Be the cause of; give rise to. [0. Fr. 
coster; from L. consto, stand together, cost.] 

COST (kast or kost), n. 1. That which is paid, 
laid out or suffered to obtain anything. 2. 
[pi.] Expenses of a lawsuit. 3. Loss; detriment; 
injury; pain, or trouble. — Cost price, price 
which the merchant pays. — Prime cost, price 
of production without regard to profit. 

COSTAL (kos'tal), a. Relating to the ribs or to 
the side of the body. [L. Costa, rib.] 

CostaRica (kos'ta re'ka). 

Most southern republic of 
Central America. 

COSTA RlCAN (kos'ta re'- 
kan). Nati e or citizen of 
CostaRica, a Central Amer- 
ican republic. 

COSTER3IONGER (kos'ter- 
mung-ger), n. Itinerant 
seller of fruit, vegetables, 
etc.; huckster. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

COSTIVE (kos'tiv), a. Con- 
stipated. [O. Fr. costeve; 
from L. constipatus, constipated.] 

COSTIVELY (kos'tiv-li), adv. In a costive man- 
ner. 

COSTIVENESS (kos'tiv-nes), n. Constipation. 

COSTLINESS (kast'li-nes), n. Quality of being 
costly. 

COSTLY (kast'li), I. a. Of a high price or value; 
dear; expensive; sumptuous. II. adv. In 
a costly or expensive manner. 

COST3IARY (kost'ma-ri), n. Perennial com- 
posite plant, cultivated in gardens for the 
fragrance of the leaves. [L. costnos; from Gr. 
kostos, an Oriental aromatic plant, and Maria, 
the Virgin Mary.] 

COSTUME (kos'tum), n. 1. Manner of dressing 
prevalent at any particular period or place. 2. 
Dress or apparel, especially of a woman. [Fr. 
from L. L. costuma; from L. consuetudo, cus- 
tom.] 

COSTUME (kos'tum), v. [pr.p. COSTUMING; 
p.t. and p.p. COSTUMED (kos'tumd).] I. vt. 
Dress; furnish with a costume or apparel. II. 
vi. Put on or wear a costume. 




Ascension Esquivel, 

ex - president of 

Costa Rica. 



COSTUMER (kos-tu'mer), n. 1. One who makes 
or supplies costumes. 2. One who arranges 
the costumes at a theater, etc. 

COSURETY (kd-shor'ti), n. One who is surety 
along with others. 

COT (kot), n. Small dwelling; cottage. [A. S.] 

COT (kot), n. 1. Light bed, as of canvas on a 
folding frame. 2. Child's crib. 3. Swing- 
ing bed of canvas, suspended from the beams 
of a ship, for the officers. 4. Finger shield or 
stall of leather or other material. [Anglo- 
Ind.; from Hind, khdt, small bed.] 

COTANGENT (ko-tan'jent), n. Geom. Tangent 
of the complement of an angle. 

COTE (kot), n. Place of shelter for beasts or 
birds; as, dove-cote, or dove-cof, sheep-cote. 
[A. S. cote, cot, little house.] 

COTEMPORANEOUS (kd-tem-pd-ra/ne-us), a. 
Same as CONTEMPORANEOUS. 

COTEMPORARY ( ko-tem'po-ra-ri), a. and n. 
See CONTEMPORARY. 

COTERIE (ko-te-re'), n. Number of persons 
meeting familiarly for social, literary, or 
other purposes; exclusive set; clique. [Fr.; 
from cottier, cottager, a coterie being originally 
a club of cottagers.] 

COTERMINOUS (ko-ter'mi-nus), a. Conter- 
minous. 

COTHURN (ko'thurn), COTHURNUS (ko'- 
thurn-us), n. Buskin or high boot laced in 
front, worn in tragic performances. [L 
cothurnus; from Gr. kothomos, buskin.] 

COTIDAL (ko-ti'dal), a. Noting an equality in 
the tides, applied to lines on a chart or map 
passing through places that have high tides 
at the same time. 

COTILLION, COTILLON (ko-til'yun), n. 1. 
Brisk dance by four couples. 2. Music for 
such a dance. [Fr. cotillon, dim. of cotte, 
coat, frock.] 

COTQUEAN (kot'kwen), n. Man who busies 
himself with women's affairs. [A. S. coc, 
male bird, and quean, woman.] 

COTSWOLD (kots'wold), n. Wold where there 
are sheepcotes. [COTE end WOLD.] 

COTSWOLD (kots'wold), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to the Cots wold Hills, a tract of hilly ground 
in England dividing the basins of the Thames 
and Severn, famous for the sheep bred there. 
II. n. One of a breed of sheep remarkable for 
the length of their wool, and originally bred 
on the Cotswold Hills. 

COTTAGE (kot'aj), n. 1. Small dwelling-house. 
2. Country residence. [From COT (small 
house).] 

COTTAGER (kot'a-jer), n. One who dwells In a 
cottage. 

COTTER (kot'er), n. Peasant occupying a cot- 
tage for which he pays rent in service or labor. 
[Sc] 

COTTER (kot'er), n. Mech. Pin or wedge 
for fastening and tightening. [Origin ob- 
scure.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=tf in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



COTTOLENE 



293 



COUNT 




-Cotton Shrub (Gossypium 
herbaceum) . 



the 



COTTOLENE (kot'o-len), n. Substitute for lard 
made from cotton-seed oil* 

COTTON (kot'n), 
n. 1. Soft sub- 
stance like fine 
wool, obtained 
from the pods 
of the cotton- 
plant. 2. Cloth 
made of cot- 
ton. — Cotton 
flannel, cotton 
fabric having a 
long plush nap, { 
usually on one 
side only. [Fr. 
coton; from Ar. 
qutun, cotton.] 

COTTON-GIN 
(kot'n-jin), n. 

Machine for separating the seeds from 
fiber of cotton. 

COTTON-PLANT (kot'n-plant), n. Plant yield- 
ing the textile substance, cotton. 

COTTON-SEED (kot'n-sed), n. Seed of the cot- 
ton-plant, yielding a valuable oil. 

COTTONTAIL (kot'n-tal), n. Familiar name for 
a rabbit. 

COTTON-TREE (kot'n-tre), n. 1. American 
Cottonwood. 2. East Indian tree producing 
silk-like cotton (Bombax Malabaricum). 

COTTON-WEED (kot'n-wed), n. Cudweed or 
everlasting. 

COTTONWOOD (kotn-wpd), n. Any one 
several species of American poplar. 

COTTON-WOOL (kot'n-wol), n. Cotton in 
raw or woolly state. 

COTTON- WORM (kot'n-wurm), n. Entom. 
Larva of an owlet moth, the Noctua xylina, 
exceedingly destructive to cotton. 

COTTONY (kot'n-i), a. Like cotton; soft; 
downy. 

COTYLEDON (kot-i-le'dun), n. Bot. Seed-leaf. 
[L.; from Gr. kotyledon; from kotyle, cup.] 

COTYLEDONOUS (kot-i-led'un-us), a. Per- 
taining to or having cotyledons. 

COTYLOID (kot'i-loid), o. Cup-shaped. 

COUCH (kowch), v. [pr.p. COUCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. COUCHED (kowcht).] I. vt. 1. Cause 
to recline, as on a bed or couch. 2. Lay or 
deposit, as in a bed or layer; bed. 3. Lower 
or level, as a knight his spear in making an 
onset. 4. Express or phrase. 5. Surg. 
Remove, as a cataract, by pushing down 
the lens of the eye. II. vi. 1. Lie down 
for rest; recline; repose. 2. Lie in conceal- 
ment. [Fr. coucher, lie down; from L. colloco, 
place.] 

COUCH (kowch), n. 1. Lounge or other contri- 
vance on which it is customary to recline or re- 
pose dressed. 2. Bed; any place for repose 
or sleep. 3. Layer or coat. 

COUCHANT (kowch'ant), a. 1. Couching or 



of 



its 




Cougar (Felts concolor). 



lying down. 2. Her. Lying down, with 
the head up. 

COUGAR (ko'gar), n. 
American panther, 
puma, or mountain 
lion. [South- Ameri- 
can cuguacuara.] 

COUGH (kaf),n. Spas- 
modic expulsion of 
the breath, accom- 
panied with a harsh 
sound. [From the sound.] 

COUGH (kaf),v. [pr.p. COUGHING; p.f.and p.p. 
COUGHED (kaft).] I. vt. Expel from the 
throat or air passage of the lungs by a cough. 
II. vi. Be affected with a cough. 

COULD (kod), v. Past tense of CAN. [A. S. cuthe, 
p.t. of cunnan, can.] 

COULD N'T (kod'nt). Colloquial contraction 
for COULD NOT. 

COULOMB (ko-lom'), n. Unit of quantity in 
measuring electricity; quantity furnished by 
a current of one ampere in one second. [From 
the French physicist, C. A. de Coulomb (1736- 
1806).] 

COULTER (kol'ter), n. Same as COLTER. 

COUMARIN (ko'ma-rin), n. Crystallized extract 
of the Tonka bean. 

COUNCIL (kown'sil), n. 1. Assembly called to- 
gether for deliberation or advice. 2. Body 
of men directing the affairs of a city. 3. Meet- 
ing of ecclesiastics to regulate doctrine or 
discipline. [Fr. concile; from L. concilium, 
meeting.] 

SYN. Meeting; assembly; congress; con- 
vention; convocation; conclave; cabinet. 

COUNCIL31AN (kown'sil-man), n. [pi. COUN'- 
CILMEN.] 31ember of a council, especially of 
a municipal council. 

COUNCILOR (kown'sil-ur), n. Member of a 
council. 

COUNSEL (kown'sel), n. 1. Consultation. 2. 
Deliberation. 3. Advice; direction. 4. Pur- 
pose; plan. 5. Examination of consequences; 
prudence. 6. Lawyer, or whole number 
of lawyers, engaged on one side of a cause. 
[Fr. conseil; from L. consilium; from consulo, 
consult.] 

SYN. Advice; suggestion; recommenda- 
tion; admonition; information; considera- 
tion; consultation; deliberation; fore- 
thought; counselor; lawyer; barrister; 
advocate; solicitor; attorney. 

COUNSEL (kown'sel), v. [pr.p. COUNSELING; 
p.t. and p.p. COUNSELED (kown'seld).] I. vt. 
1. Give advice or counsel to. 2. Advise in 
favor of. II. vi. Deliberate; take counsel. 

COUNSELOR (kown'sel-ur), n. One who coun- 
sels or gives advice; lawyer. 

COUNT (kownt), v. [pr.p. COUNTING; p.t. and 
p.p. COUNT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Sum up; number; 
enumerate. 2. Esteem; account, or reckon; 
consider. 3. Ascribe or impute. II. vi. 1. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



COUNT 



294 



COUNTERFEIT 



Reckon or calculate in numbers. 2. Possess 
a certain value; carry weight. 3. Depend or 
rely (followed by on or upon). [Fr. confer; 
from L. computo, reckon.] 

S YN. Calculate ; compute ; estimate ; rate. 
ANT. Conjecture; guess; lump. 

COUNT (kownt), n. 1. Act of numbering or 
counting. 2. Number counted. 3. State 
of being regarded of weight or value. 4. Law. 
Particular charge in an indictment, or narra- 
tion in pleading, setting forth a cause of com- 
plaint. 

COUNT (kownt), n. [fern. COUNTESS.] In 
France, Italy, Spain, etc., a title of nobility 
equivalent to an English earl, but often merely 
honorary. [O. Fr. conte — L. comes, comitis, 
companion; from com, with, and eo, go.] 

COUNTABLE (kownt'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
counted. 

COUNTENANCE (kown'te-nans), n. 1. Face; 
feature or expression of the face. 2. Appear- 
ance or show. 3. Patronage; support; favor. 
[Fr. contenance; from L. continentia, restraint, 
demeanor.] 

COUNTENANCE (kown'te-nans), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTENANCING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTE- 
NANCED (kown'te-nanst).] Favor or ap- 
prove; give encouragement to. 

COUNTER (kownt'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which counts. 2. Piece of metal, ivory, etc., 
used in counting. 3. Long narrow table on 
which goods are displayed, weighed, or 
measured. [O. Fr. countour; from L. com- 
putator, reckoner.] 

COUNTER (kown'ter), I. adv. Against; in op- 
position. II. a. Contrary; opposite. III. w. 

1. That which is counter or opposite. 2. 
Music. Voice-part set in immediate contrast 
with the air. 3. Fencing. Parry in which one 
foil follows the other in a small circle. 4. 
Part of a horse's breast between the shoulders 
and the neck. 5. Naut. Part of a ship be- 
tween the water-line and the knuckle of the 
stern. [Fr. contre; from L. contra, against.] 

COUNTER (kown'ter), v. [pr.p. COUN'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. COUNTERED (kown'terd).] I. 
vt. Oppose; encounter; meet. II. vi. Return 
blow for blow; give a blow while receiving one. 

COUNTER-, prefix. Expressing opposition; 
contrary; opposite. [L. contra-, against.] 

COUNTERACT (kown-ter-akt), vt. [pr.p. 

COUNTERACTING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
ACTED.] 1. Act counter or in opposition to. 

2. Hinder or defeat. 
COUNTERACTION (kown-ter-ak'shun), n. Ac- 
tion in opposition; counteracting influence. 

COUNTERACTIVE (kown-ter-akt'iv), I. a. 
Tending to counteract. II. n. Anything hav- 
ing a counteracting tendency. 

COUNTERACTIVELY (kown-ter-akt'iv-li), adv. 
In a counteracting manner. 

COUNTERAGENT (kown-ter-a'jent), n. Any- 
thing which counteracts. 




Counterbalance on loco- 
motive wheel. 



COUNTER-ATTRACTION (kown'ter-at-trak- 
shun), n. Attraction in an opposite direction. 

COUNTERBALANCE 
(kown'ter-bal-ans), 
n. 1. Equal weight, 
power, or agency 
working in opposi- 
tion. 2. Mech. De- 
vice to oppose mo- 
mentum of a recip- 
rocating member. 

COUNTERBALANCE 
(kown-ter-bal'ans), 
vt. [pr.p. COUNTER- 
BALANCING; p.t. 
and p.p. COUNTER- 
BALANCED (kown-ter-bal'anst).] 1. Bal- 
ance by weight on the opposite side. 2. Act 
against with equal weight, power, or influence. 

COUNTERBRACE (kown'ter-bras), n. Naut. 
Lee brace of the foretopsail-yard. 

COUNTERBRACE (kown-ter-bras'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERBRA'CING; pt. and p.p. COUN- 
TERS RACED (kown-ter-brast').] Brace or 
fasten in opposite ways, as the head-yards and 
after-yards of a ship. 

COUNTERCHARGE (kown'ter-charj), n. Charge 
brought forward in opposition to another 
charge. 

COUNTERCHARM (kown'ter-charm), n. That 
which destroys the effect of another charm. 

COUNTERCHARM (kown-ter-charm'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERCHARM'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERCH ARMED (kown-ter-charmd').] De- 
stroy or dissolve the effects of another charm. 

COUNTERCHECK (kown'ter-chek), n. Check 
in opposition to another check. 

COUNTERCHECK (kown-ter-chek'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERCHECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERCHECKED (kown-ter-chekt').] Check by 
an opposing power. 

COUNTERCLAIM (kown'ter-klam), n. Claim 
opposed to another claim. 

COUNTERCURRENT (kown'ter-kur-ent), n. 
Current opposed to another current. 

COUNTERDRAW (kown-ter-dra'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERDRAW'ING; p.t. COUNTERDREW; 
p.p. COUNTERDRAWN'.] Trace on trans- 
parent material. 

COUNTERFEIT (kown'ter-flt), vt. [pr.p. COUN- 
TERFEITING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTERFEIT- 
ED.] 1. Imitate; feign; mimic. 2. Unlaw- 
fully make in imitation of (that which is au- 
thorized), as to counterfeit the national cur- 
rency notes or coin. [O. Fr. contrefaire, im- 
itate; from L. contra, against, and facio, make.] 

COUNTERFEIT (kown'ter-flt), I. a. 1. Pre- 
tended; hypocritical. 2. Spurious; fictitious; 
not genuine. 3. Unlawfully made in imita- 
tion of that which is authorized, as currency 
notes or coin. II. n. 1. Imitation, copy, or 
likeness of anything. 2. Spurious, false, or 
deceitful imitation or semblance of anything. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



COUNTERFEITER 



295 



COUNTER-TENOR 



3. That which is unlawfully made in imita- 
tion of something genuine or authorized, as 
the national currency notes or coin. 

COUNTERFEITER (kown'ter-fit-er), n. One 
who counterfeits, especially money. 

COUNTERFOIL (kown'ter-foil), n. Correspond- 
ing part of a document given, retained hy the 
giver; as, the stub of a bank check. 

COUNTERFORT (kown'ter-fort), n. 1. Pier or 
buttress. 2. Spur or projecting part of a 
mountain. 

COUNTERGAGE, COUNTERGAUGE (kown- 
ter-gaj), n. Carp. Adjustable double-pointed 
gage for marking the measurements of a mor- 
tise on a piece to be tenoned. 

COUNTERGUARD (kown'ter-gard), n. Fort. 
Outwork consisting of two lines of rampart 
running parallel to the faces of the bastion, to 
guard the bastion from being breached. 

COUNTER-IRRITANT (kown'ter-ir-i-tant), n. 
Med. Irritant applied to the external parts 
of the body to counteract and relieve internal 
irritation or inflammation. 

COUNTERLIGHT (kown'ter-lit), n. Paint. 
Light opposite to any object, disturbing the 
effect of its light. 

COUNTERMAND (kown-ter-mand'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERMANDING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERMANDED.] 1. Give an order in opposi- 
tion to one already given; recall; revoke. 2. 
Contradict; oppose. [O. Fr. contretnander; 
from L. contra, against, and mando, order.] 

COUNTERMAND (kown'ter-mand), n. Revoca- 
tion of an order previously given. 

COUNTERMAND ABLE (kown-ter-mand'a-bl), 
a. Subject to revocation; revokable. 

COUNTERMARCH (kown-ter-march), v. [pr.p. 
COUNTERMARCHING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERMARCHED (kown-ter-marcht').] L vt. 
Cause to march back or in a direction contrary 
to a former one. II. vi. March back. 

COUNTERMARCH (kown'ter-march), n. 1. 
March or movement in a direction opposite to 
that of a former one; reverse march. 2. Mil. 
Evolution by which a body of men change 
front, and still retain the same men in the 
front rank. 3. Change of measures or of 
conduct. 

COUNTERMINE (kown-ter-min'), v. [pr.p. 
COUNTERMI'NING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
MINED (kown-ter-mind).] I. vt. 1. Mil. 
Make a mine in opposition to; oppose by 
means of a countermine. 2. Frustrate by 
secret working. II. vi. Mil. Make a mine 
in opposition to one made by the enemy. 

COUNTERMINE (kown'ter-min), n. 1. Mil. 
Mine or chamber excavated by the besieged to 
counteract or destroy the mines made by the 
besiegers. 2. Any means of counteraction. 

COUNTERMOVE (kown-ter-mov'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERMOV'ING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
MOVED (kown-ter-movd').] Move in a con- 
trary manner. 



COUNTERMOVE (kown'ter-mov), COUNTER- 
MOVEMENT (kown'ter-mov-ment), n. Move 
or movement in opposition to another move 
or movement. 

COUNTERPANE (kown'ter-pan), n. Coverlet 
or quilt. [O. Fr. countrepointe, quilt.] 

COUNTERPART (kown'ter-part), n. 1. Dupli- 
cate; copy; facsimile. 2. One of two persons 
or things having the qualities or parts which 
the other lacks, as a seal and impression; 
complement; opposite. 

COUNTERPLEA(kown'ter-ple), n. Law. Rep- 
lication to a plea. 

COUNTERPLOT (kown-ter-plot), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERPLOTTING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERPLOT'TED.] Plot against in order to 
frustrate another plot. 

COUNTERPLOT (kown'ter-plot), n. Plot op- 
posed to another plot. 

COUNTERPOINT (kown'ter-point), h. Music. 
1. Art of combining melodies. 2. Properly, 
the setting of a harmony of one or more parts 
to a melody, originally by point opposite point. 
[Fr. contrepoint; from contre, against, and 
point, point.] 

COUNTERPOISE (kown-ter-poiz), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERPOISING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
POISED (kown-ter-poizd').] 1. Poise or weigh 
against or on the opposite side. 2. Act in 
opposition to with equal effect. [O. Fr. 
contrepois; from L. contra, against, and pen- 
sum, weight; from pendo, weigh.] 

COUNTERSCARP (kownter-skarp), n. Fort. 
Side of the ditch nearest to the besiegers and 
opposite to the scarp. 

COUNTERSHAFT (kown'ter-shaft), n. Mach. 
Intermediate shaft. 

COUNTERSIGN(kown'ter-sin), vt. [pr.p. COUN'- 
TERSIGNING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
SIGNED (kown'ter-sind).] Attest the au- 
thenticity of by an additional signature. 

COUNTERSIGN (kown'ter-sin), n. 1. Military 
private sign or word, which must be given in 
order to pass a sentry. 2. Counter-signature. 

COUNTERSIGNAL (kown'ter-sig-nal), n. Sig- 
nal used as an answer to another. 

COUNTER-SIGNATURE (kown'ter-sig-na-tur), 
n. Authenticating signature; name counter- 
signed to a writing. 

COUNTERSINK ( kown-ter-singk'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERSINKING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERSUNK'.] Make a beveled or conical de- 
pression in, as for the 
head of a screw. 

COUNTERSINK(kown'- 
ter-singk), n. 1. Tool 
for countersinking. 2. 
Depression made by 
countersinking. 

COUNTER-TENOR 
(kown'ter-ten-ur), n. 
Music. Alto when 
sung by a male voice in contrast to TENOR. 




Countersink Bit and 
Countersink for a Screw. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



COUNTERVAIL 



296 



COURAGE 



COUNTERVAIL ( kown-ter-val' ), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERVAILING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTER- 
VAILED (kown-ter-vald').] Be of avail against; 
act against with equal effect; counterbalance; 
counteract; compensate. [COUNTER- and 
AVAIL.] 

COUNTER VIEW (kown'ter-vu), n. 1. Opposing 
view. 2. Posture in which two persons face 
each other. 3. Opposition; contrast. 

COUNTERWORK (kown-ter-wurk'), vt. [pr.p. 
COUNTERWORKING; p.t. and p.p. COUN- 
TERWORKED (kown-ter-wurkt').] Work in 
opposition to. 

COUNTERWORKS ( kown'ter-wurks), n.pl. 
Fort. Works undertaken for the purpose of 
destroying or rendering useless those of the 
enemy. 

COUNTESS (kownt'es), n. In England, the wife 
of an earl, or a lady possessing an earldom in 
her own right; on the continent, the wife, 
and in some countries the daughter, of a 
count. 

COUNT ENG-HOUSE (kownt'ing-hows), n. Of- 
fice in which a merchant or manufacturer 
keeps his books, accounts, etc. and transacts 
business. 

COUNTING-ROOM (kownt'ing-rom), n. Count- 
ing-house. 

COUNTLESS (kownt'les), o. Incapable of being 
counted; innumerable. 

COUNTRIFIED (kun'tri-fid), a. Rustic; rural. 
[See COUNTRIFY.] 

COUNTRIFY (kun'tri-fi), vt. [pr.p. COUN'TRI- 
FYING; p.t. and p.p. COUNTRIFIED (kun'- 
tri-fid).j 1. Make to have a rural or countri- 
fied appearance. 2. Make to have the habits 
or manners of the country. [COUNTRY and 
-FY.] 

COUNTRY (kun'tri), I. n. [pi. COUNTRIES.] 
1. Rural region or district as distinct from a 
city or town. 2. Tract of land. 3. One's 
native land. 4. Particular nation, its insti- 
tutions, or people. 5. Law. Jury, as in the 
phrase, be tried by one's country. II. o. 
Rustic; rural. [Fr. contree; from L.L. con- 
trata, country, region; from L. contra, against.] 

COUNTRY-DANCE (kun'tri-dans), n. Rustic 
dance in which partners are ranged in oppo- 
site lines, as in the Virginia reel. 

COUNTRY-HOUSE (kun'tri-hows), n. Same as 
COUNTRY-SEAT. 

COUNTRYMAN (kun'tri-man), n. [pi. COUN- 
TRYMEN.] 1. Man who lives in the country 
or rural district; farmer. 2. Man born in the 
same country as another. 3. Native or in- 
habitant of any particular country. 

COUNTRY-SEAT (kun'tri-set), n. Dwelling or 
place of residence in the country; rural resi- 
dence of a townsman. 

COUNTRY-SIDE (kun'tri-sid), n. Particular 
district or part of the country. 

COUNTRYWOMAN (kun'tri-wom-an), n. [pi. 
COUNTRYWOMEN (kun'tri-wim-en.] 1. Wo- 



man who dwells in the countrj. 2. Woman 
born in the same country. 

COUNTSHIP (kownt'ship), n. Rank or domain 
of a count. 

COUNTY (kown'ti), n. [pi. COUN'TIES.] Sub- 
division of a state for purposes of administra- 
tion, in some states called a parish, in others 
a shire. [O. Fr. counte; from L.L. comitatus, 
district ruled by a count; from comes, comitis, 
count, companion.] 

COUNTY-SEAT (kown'ti-set), n. Town where 
the courts of a county are held; county town, 
or capital of a county. 

COUP (ko), n. Successful hit; blow; stroke; 
stratagem. — Coup de grace (ko de gras'), fin- 
ishing blow by which a tortured man is put 
out of pain; any finishing or decisive stroke. — 
Coup de main (ko de mang')» sudden and 
overpowering attack. — Coup d' etat (ko data'), 
sudden or violent stroke of state policy. [Fr.] 

COUPE (ko-pa'), n. 1. Front part of a French 
stage-coach or diligence. 2. Four-wheeled 
carriage seated for two inside, with an outside 
seat for the driver. 3. Front compartment of 
an English railway carriage. [Fr.] 

COUPEE (ko-pe'), n. Dancing. Salute to a part- 
ner made by resting on one foot and swinging 
the other backward and forward. [Fr.] 

COUPLE (kup'l), v. [pr.p. COUP'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. COUPLED (kup'ld).] I. vt. 1. Join to- 
gether; unite. 2. Connect or associate. 3. 
Attach together with a coupling or brace. 4. 
Unite in marriage. II. vi. Pair; marry; mate. 
[O. Fr. copier; from L. copulo, join together; 
from copula, band.] 

SYN. Link; connect; unite; conjoin; 
buckle; clasp; marry; wed; yoke; pair. 
ANT. Loose; part; separate; detach; un- 
couple; unclasp; untie; divorce. 

COUPLE (kup'l), n. 1. Two of a kind considered 
together; brace; pair. 2. Pair or partners at 
a dance. 3. Married pair. 4. Dynam. Pair 
of equal forces acting on the same body in 
opposite and parallel directions, and tending 
to produce rotation. 

COUPLER (kup'ler), n. 1. One who or that 
which couples or unites. 2. Coupling. 

COUPLET (kup'let), n. Two lines of verse that 
rhyme. 

COUPLING (kup'ling), n. That which connects 
or couples, as a car-coupling. 

COUPON (ko'pon), n. Detachable portion of a 
bond, ticket, etc., showing the holder entitled 
to something, as interest or a reserved seat at 
a theater. [Fr.; from couper, cut off.] 

COURAGE (kur'ajj, I. n. Quality that enables 
persons to meet dangers without fear; brav- 
ery; spirit. II. inter j. Take courage! [Fr. 
courage; from O. Fr. cor age; from L. cor, 
heart.] 

SYN. Valor; bravery; boldness; daring; 
heroism; intrepidity; firmness; hardihood; 
resolution; fortitude; pluck; grit; metal; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hey; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



COURAGEOUS 



297 



COUSIN 



spirit. ANT. Timidity; cowardice; pusil- 
lanimity; poltroonery; fear; fright. 

COURAGEOUS (ku-ra'jus), a. Endowed with 
courage; brave. 

COURANT (ko-ranf), n. Old dance with a kind 
of gliding step. [Fr., pr.p. of courir, run.] 

COURIER (ko'ri-er), n. 1. Messenger sent in 
great haste. 2. Traveling attendant. 

C O UR L AN 
(kor'lan), n. 
South Ameri- 
canbird com- 
monly called 
the crying- 
bird, about 

slender legs, 
long neck, 




Courlan (Aramus scolopaceus) . 



and bill twice the length of its head. [South 
Am.] 

COURSE (kors), n. 1. Act of running. 2. Way 
passed over in running. 3. Career. 4. Di- 
rection pursued. 5. Race. 6. Regular prog- 
ress from point to point. 7. Habitual meth- 
od of procedure. 8. Prescribed series, as of 
lectures, etc. 9. Each of the successive 
divisions of a meal. 10. Conduct; behavior. 
11. Arch. Range of bricks or stones on the 
same level. 12. Naut. One of the sails bent 
to a ship's lower yards. 13. [pi.] Menses. [Fr. 
cours; from L. cursus; from curro, run.] 

COURSE (kors), v. [pr.p. COURSING; p.t. and 
p.p. COURSED (korst).] I. vt. 1. Run through 
or over; traverse. 2. Run, chase, or hunt 
after. 3. Cause to run; put to speed. II. vi. 

1. Move with speed. 2. Practice coursing. 
COtTRSER (kors'er), n. 1. Runner. 2. Swift 

horse. 3. One who courses or hunts with 
greyhounds. 

COURSING (kors'ing), n. Hunting with grey- 
hounds. 

COURT (kort), n. 1. Space inclosed by houses. 

2. Space laid out for out-door games. 3. 
Narrow street in a town. 4. Palace of a 
sovereign. 5. Sovereign's retinue, suite or 
council. 6. Flattering attention or civility, 
as "to pay court.* 1 7. Hall of justice. 8. 
Judges who preside there. 9. Sitting of the 
Judges to hear causes. 10. Any body of 
persons assembled to decide causes, whether 
civil, military, or ecclesiastical. [O. Fr. 
cort; from L. L. cortis, courtyard, palace; from 
L. cors, inclosed space.] 

COURT (kort), v. [pr.p. COURT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. COURT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Pay attentions to 
as a lover; woo. 2. Seek the favor of; pay 
court to. 3. Invite; seek after. II. vi. Act 
the lover; woo. 

COURT-CARD (kort'kard), n. King, queen, or 
knave, in suit of playing-cards. [Corrup. of 
COAT-CARD.] 

COURT-DRESS (kort'dres), n. Special regula- 



tion costume worn at the court of a sovereign 
on state or ceremonious occasions. 

COURTEOUS (kur'te-us), a. Showing courtesy 
or politeness; polite; respectful; obliging; 
affable. [Fr. courtois, courtly.] 

COURTEOUSLY (kur'te-us-li), adv. In a cour- 
teous manner. 

COURTEOUSNESS (kur'te-us-nes), n. Civility; 
politeness. 

COURTESAN (kur'te-zan), n. Same as COURTE- 
ZAN. 

COURTESY (kur'te-si), n. [pi. COUR'TESIES.J 
1. Courtliness; elegance of manner; polite- 
ness. 2. Act of civility or respect. 3. In- 
dulgence or favor, as opposed to RIGHT. [O. 
Fr. courtoisie.] 

COURTESY (kurt'si), n. [pi. COURTESIES 
(kurt'sis).] Act of salutation or respect on 
the part of a woman by slightly bending the 
body and the knees; curtsy. 

COURTESY ( kurt'si ), vi. [pr.p. COURTESYING 
(kurt'si-ing); p.t. and p.p. COURTESIED 
(kurt'sid).] Make a courtesy; curtsy. 

COURTEZAN, COURTESAN (kur'te-zan), n. 1. 
Immoral woman. 2. Formerly, a courtier. 
[Fr. courtesan, courtier.] 

COURT-HOUSE (kort'hows), n. 1. Building in 
which the law courts are held. 2. In some of 
the States, a county-seat. 

COURTIER (kort'yer), n. 1. One in attendance 
at the court of a prince or sovereign. 2. One 
who courts or natters. 

COURTLINESS (kort'li-nes), n. Courtly or 
courteous behavior. 

COURTLY (kort'li), adv. 1. Of or pertaining to 
a court. 2. Polished; polite; well-bred. 

COURT-MARTIAL (kort'mar-shal), n. [pi. 
COURTS'MARTIAL.] Court consisting of 
military or naval officers convened for the 
trial of particular offenses committed against 
the laws or regulations of the army or navy. 

COURT-MARTIAL (kort-mar'shal), vt. [pr.p. 
COURT-MARTIALING ; p.t. and p.p. COURT- 
MARTIALED (kort-mar'shald).] Try by court- 
martial. 

COURT-PLASTER (kort'plas-ter), n. Sticking- 
plaster, usually of silk surfaced with some 
healing gum. 

COURTSHIP (kort'ship), n. Act of courting; 
wooing. 

COURTYARD (kort'yard), n. 1. Court or open 
area around or attached to a house. 2. Yard 
surrounded by buildings. 

COUSIN (kuz'n), n. 1. Son or daughter of an 
uncle or aunt. 2. Term used by a sovereign in 
addressing another sovereign or one of his 
own noblemen. 3. Formerly, a kinsman 
generally. — First cousins, children of broth- 
ers and sisters. — Second cousins, children 
of first cousins. — Cousin gernian, (1) first 
cousin; (2) something closely related. [Fr., 
from L. consobrinus; from con-, with, and 
sobrinus, cousins on the mother's side.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
&=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



COUSINHOOD 



COWBOY 



COUSINHOOD (kuz'n-hod), n. Relationship 
of cousins. 

COUSINLY (kuz'n-li), adv. Like or befitting 
cousins; friendly. 

COUSINRY (kuz'n-ri), n. Cousins collectively. 

COUSINSHIP (kuz'n-ship), n. Same as COUSIN- 
HOOD. 

COVE (kov), n. 1. Small inlet of the sea. 2. 
Cavern or rocky recess. 3. Arch. Concave 
arch or vault. [A. S. cofa, room or chamber.] 

COVE (kov), vt. [pr.p. COVING; p.t. and p.p. 
COVED (kovd).] Overarch. 

COVE (kov), n. Fellow; chap. (Slang.) 

COVENANT (kuv'e-nant), n. 1. Agreement or 
compact on certain terms. 2. Stipulation; 
condition. 3. Theol. Engagement entered 
into between Jehovah and some other being or 
person.- — Old covenant, the Jewish dispensa- 
tion. — N etc. covenant, the Christian dispensa- 
tion. [O. Fr. ; from L. convenio, convene.] 

COVENANT (kuv'e-nant), v. [pr.p. COVE- 
NANTING; p.t. and p.p. COVENANTED.] I. 
vt. Grant or agree to by covenant. II. vi. Bind 
one's self by a covenant. 

COVENANTEE (kuv-e-nant-e' ), n. Party to 
whom a covenant is made — opposed to COVE- 
NANTOR. 

COVENANTER (kuv'e-nant-er), n. One who 
covenants; covenantor. — The Covenanters, 
signers or adherents of the Scottish National 
' Covenant of 1638. 

COVENANTOR (kuv'e-nant-ur), n. That party 
to a covenant who subjects himself to the 
penalty of its breach — opposed to COV- 
ENANTEE. 

COVER (kuv'er), v. [pr.p. COVERING; p.t. and 
p.p. COVERED (kuv'erd).] I. vt. 1. Over- 
spread or overlay with anything. 2. Clothe; 
envelop; invest; infold; wrap. 3. Conceal 
from sight by intervening. 4. Put the usual 
covering on, as to cover the head with a cap or 
the face with a veil. 5. Hide from notice; 
disguise; cloak; veil. 6. Shelter; protect; 
shield; defend. 7. Bring within range; aim 
at, as to cover with a gun. 8. Comprehend; 
embrace; include; balance; compensate; 
comprise. 9. Suffice for. 10. Pass over. 
11. Incubate; brood on. II. vi. Put or wear 
a hat or other covering on the head. [Fr. 
couvrir; from L. cooperio; from con-, wholly, 
and operio, hide, cover.] 

COVER (kuv'er), n. 1. That which covers, in 
any sense. 2. Undergrowth, thicket, etc., 
sheltering game. 3. Articles necessary for 
one person at table — plate, knife, fork, nap- 
kin, etc. 4. Screen; cloak; disguise. 5. Con- 
cealment; hiding. 6. Swindler's confederate. 

COVERER (kuv'er-er), n. 1. One who covers. 
2. Cover or covering. 

COVERING (kuv'er-ing), n. Anything which 
serves as a cover. 

COVERLET (kuv'er-let), n. Upper covering of 
a bed; quilt. 



COVERT (kuv'ert), I. a, 1. Covered; sheltered. 
2. Secret; concealed; private. 3. Law, 
Under protection. II. n. 1. Something 
that covers or affords protection; shelter. 
2. Something that conceals. — Femme covert, 
married woman. [Fr. convert, p.p. of couvrir, 
cover.] 

COVERTLY (kuv'ert-li), adv. In a covert man- 
ner; not openly. 

COVERTURE (kuv'er-tur), n. 1. Covering; 
protection; shelter. 2. Law. Condition of a 
married woman as legally under the protec- 
tion of her husband. 

COVET (kuv'et), v. [pr.p. COVETING; p.t, 
and p.p. COVETED.] I. vt. 1. Desire or 
wish for eagerly. 2. Desire inordinately; 
have a desire to unlawfully possess. II. vi. 
Indulge inordinate desire. [O. Fr. covoiter; 
from L. cupio, desire.] 

COVETABLE (kuv'et-a-bl), a. To be wished for 
or coveted. 

COVETOUS (kuv'et-us), a. Inordinately desir- 
ous; avaricious. 

COVETOUSLY(kuv'et-us-li),adv. In a covetous 
manner. 

COVETOUSNESS (kuv'et-us-nes), n. Quality of 
being covetous. 

COVEY (kuv'i), n. Flock, — formerly applied to 
birds of any kind, but now only to quails and 
partridges. [O. Fr. couvee, brood.] 

COVING (ko'ving), n. Arch. 1. Projection of 
upper stories over lower. 2. Vertical sides 
of a fireplace. [COVE.] 

COW (kow), vt. [pr.p. COWING; p.t. and p.p. 
COWED (kowd).] Overawe; intimidate; keep 
under. [Etym. doubtful, probably from Ice. 
kuga, subdue.] 

COW (kow), n. [pi. COWS (kowz); older plu- 
rals, KINE and KYE, the latter now only 
Scotch.] 1. Female of the bovine animals. 2. 
Female of some other larger animals, as the 
whale, seal, etc. [A. S. cu.] 

COWARD (kow'ard), I. n. Person without 
courage; craven; dastard; poltroon. II. a. 
Cowardly. [Fr. couard; from L. cauda, 
tail.] 

COWARDICE (kow'ard-is), n. Want of cour- 
age; timidity. 

COWARDLINESS (kow'ard-li-nes), n. Quality 
of being cowardly. 

COWARDLY (kow'ard-li), I. a. Afraid of dan- 
ger; timid; faint-hearted. II. adv. In a cow- 
ardly manner. 

COWBIRD (kow'- 
berd), n. Small 
American black- 
bird so called 
from its fondness 
for barn-yards ' 
and cattle. 

COWBOY (kow'- 
boi), n. 1. Boy 
who has the care of cows. 2. Mounted cattle- 




Cowbird (Molothrus pecoris). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



COWCATCHER 



299 



CRACK 



herder, employed to look after the cattle on a 
ranch. 

COWCATCHER (kow'kach-er), n. Inclined 
triangular frame on the front of a locomotive 
to throw obstacles from the track; locomotive 
pilot. 

COWER (kow'er), vi. [pr.p. COWERING; p.t. 
and p.p. COWERED (kow'erd).] Crouch, 
for protection or In fear; quail. [Ice. kura, lie 
quiet.] 

VO WES (kowz), n. Seaport, north corner of the 
Isle of Wight. 

COWHAGE (kow'aj), n. Tropical climbing 
plant of the bean family, the hairs of the pods 
of which are used as a mechanical vermifuge. 
[Hind, kawanch.] 

COWHERD (kow'herd), n. One who herds cows. 

COWHIDE (kow'hid), n. 1. Skin of a cow. 2. 
Leather made from a cow's skin. 3. Whip 
made of cowhide, or of leather of any kind. 

COWHIDE (kow'hid), vt. [pr.p. COW'HIDING; 
p.t. and p.p. COW'HIDED.] Whip with a cow- 
hide. 

COWL (kowl), n. 1. Monk's hood. 2. Badge of 
monkhood. 3. Monk. 4. Cap for a chim- 
ney, smoke-stack, or ventilating pipe. [A. S. 
cufle.] 

COWLICK (kow'lik), n. Tuft of turned-up hair 
on the forehead. 

COWPLANT (cow'plant), n. Perennial plant of 
Ceylon, having a milky juice used for food. 

COWPOX (kow'poks), n. Contagious disease of 
cows, characterized by pimples on the udder, 
the source of vaccine. 

COWRY (kow'ri), n. [pi. COW'RIES.] Small 
marine shell, used as money in Africa and the 
East Indies by uncivilized natives. [Hind. 
kauri.] 

COWSLIP (kow'slip), n. 1. Beautiful and fra- 
grant species of primrose, common in Eng- 
lish pastures. 2. American marsh-marigold. 
[A. S. cuslyppe.] 

COW-TREE (kow'tre), n. South American tree 
that produces a nourishing fluid resembling 
milk. 

COXA (koks'a), n. [pi. COX',E (koks'e).] Hip or 
thigh. [L.j 

COXCOMB (koks'kom), n. 1. Comb or crest 
resembling that of a cock, which- jesters for- 
merly wore in their cap. 2. Fop; dandy; 
dude. 3. Bot. Same as COCKSCOMB. [Cor- 
rup. of COCKSCOMB.] 

COXCOMBRY (koks'kom-ri), n. Manners of a 
coxcomb. 

COXWAIN (koks'wan or koks'n), n. Same as 
COCKSWAIN. 

COY (koi), a. 1. Modest; bashful; shy; diffident. 
2. Arch; coquettish; roguish. [Fr. coi; from 
L. quietus, quiet.] 

COYISH (koi'ish), a. Somewhat coy. 

COYLY (koi'li), adv. In a coy manner. 

COYNESS (koi'nes), n. Quality of being coy. 

COYOTE (ko-yote or ki'ot), n. Prairie wolf, 



from 




Crab. {Neptunus hastatus) . 



abundant in Mexico and Texas. [Sp.; 
Mex. coy oil.] 

COYPU (koi'po), n. Large beaver-like rodent of 
South America, living in burrows near water, 
and feeding on aquatic plants. [Native 
name.] 

COZ (kuz), n. Cousin. [Abbr. of COZEN (for 
COUSIN).] 

COZEN (kuz'n), v. [pr.p. COZ'ENING; p.t. and 
p.p. COZENED (kuz'nd).] I. vt. Deceive; 
cheat. II. vi. Practice deceit or trickery. [Fr. 
cousiner, claim kindred for one's own advan- 
tage; from cousin, cousin.] 

COZENAGE (kuz'n-aj), n. Act of cozening; 
cheating; defrauding. 

COZENER (kuz'n-er), n. One who cozens. 

COZILY (ko'zi-li), adv. Snugly; comfortably. 

COZY (ko'zi), I. a. [comp. CO'ZIER; superl. 
CO'ZIEST.] 1. Snug; comfortable. 2. So- 
cial; chatty. II. n. Padded cover for a tea- 
pot, to keep the tea warm. [Gael, cosach, snug; 
from cos, cave.] 

CRAB (krab), I. n. 1. 
Small wild apple, 
commonly called 
crab-apple. 2. Cul- 
tivated variety of the 
crab-apple. II. a. 
Sour; astringent. 
[Sw. krabbaple, 
crab-apple.] 

CRAB (krab), n. 1. 

Astron. Zodiacal constellation Cancer. 2. 
[c-] Zool. Any of the short-tailed division of 
decapod crustaceans. 3. [c-] Mech. Any 
device of the windlass type. 4. Crab-like 
vermin that at times infest the human body. 
[A. S. crabba.] 

CRAB-APPLE (krab'ap-1), n. Small tart va- 
riety of wild apple. 

CRABBED (krab'ed), a. 1. Peevish; morose; 
sour-tempered. 2. Perplexing; obscure. 3. 
Disagreeable; harsh. [From root of CRAB 
(crab-apple).] 

CRABBEDLY (krab'ed-li), adv. In a crabbed 
manner. 

CRABBEDNESS (krab'ed-nes), n. Quality of 
being crabbed. 

CRAB-TREE (krab'tre), ». Tree that bears 
crab-apples. 

CRACK (krak), v. [pr.p. CRACK' ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRACKED (krakt).] I. vt. 1. Cause to 
give out a sharp, sudden sound; as, to 
crack a whip. 2. Break into chinks; split. 
3. Break open. 4. Cause to become partly 
severed. 5. Break with grief. 6. Utter or 
perform smoothly and smartly. 7. Open and 
drink. 8. Dement; craze. 9. Weaken 
or impair. II. vi. 1. Make a sharp sudden 
nolle. 2. Open in chinks. 3. Fall to ruin. — 
Crack up, extol highly; puff. [A. S. cracian, 
crack — (imitative).] 

CRACK (krak), n. 1. Sudden, sharp noise. 2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



CRACK 



300 



CRAMP 



Opening made by disruption; chink. 3. Sharp 
blow. 4. One who is first rate in any pur- 
suit or pastime. 5. Peculiarity of voice, as 
when changing. 6. Crack-brained person. 

CRACK (krak), a. Excellent; superior; first- 
rate. (Colloq.) 

CRACK-BRAINED (krak'brand), a. Of weak 
intellect; queer. 

CRACKED (krakt), a. 1. Rent; split; having a 
crack or cracks. 2. Burst open or broken up. 
3. Crack-brained. 

CRACKER (krak'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which cracks. 2. Firecracker. 3. Small 
firework, exploding when pulled asunder. 4. 
Poor white person. (Colloq.) 

CRACKER- JACK ( krak'er- jak), n. 1. Superior 
article or specimen. 2. Kind of confection, 
consisting chiefly of taffy-coated popcorn and 
peanut kernels. (Colloq.) 

CRACKLE (krak'l), v. [pr.p. CRACK'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRACKLED (krak'ld).] I. vt. Give 
the appearance of a network of small cracks 
in the glaze of, as china or glass. II. vi. 
Give out short, sharp and frequent cracks; 
crepitate. 

CRACKLE (krak'l), n. 1. Crackling noise. 2. 
Appearance of a network of small cracks in 
the glaze of china, glass, etc. 

CRACKLIN (krak'lin), n. Crackled chinaware. 

CRACKLING (krak'ling), n. 1. Decrepitation. 
2. Rind of roast pork. 3. [pi.] Skinny parts of 
suet without tallow, 

CRACKNEL (krak'nel), n. 1. Light, brittle 
biscuit. 2. [pi.] Pieces of fat pork fried crisp. 
[From CRACK.] 

CRACKSMAN (kraks'man), n. [pi. CRACKS- 
MEN.] Burglar. (Slang or Colloq.) 

CRACOW (kra'ko), n. City, in Galicia, Austria. 

CRADLE (kra'dl), n. 1. Bed or crib in which 
infants are rocked. 2. Infancy. 3. Place 
where one is born and brought up. 4. Frame 
in which anything is embedded. 5. Surg. 
Case for a broken limb. 6. Frame under a 
ship for launching it. 7. Agric. Frame of 
wood with long bending teeth fastened to a 
scythe, for cutting and laying grain. 8. 
Mining. Gold-washing machine. 9. Recep- 
tacle in which a corpse is incinerated. [A. S. 
cradol.] 

CRADLE (kra'dl), v. [pr.p. CRA'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRADLED (kra 'did).] I. vt. 1. Lay or 
rock in a cradle. 2. Nurture. 3. Compose or 
quiet. 4. Cut and lay with a cradle, as grain. 
5. Wash, as gold-bearing soil, in a miner's 
cradle. 6. Move in a cradle, as a ship. II. vi. 
Lie or lodge as in a cradle. 

CRADLING (kra'dling), n. Arch. Framework 
in arched or covered ceilings to which the 
laths are nailed. 

CRAFT (kraft), n. 1. Art; dexterity; skill. 2. 
Artifice; cunning. 3. Manual occupation; 
employment; trade. 4. Members of a par- 
ticular trade. 5. Ship or vessel, large or 



small; vessels collectively. — The crafty broth- 
erhood of freemasons. [A. S. craft.] 

CRAFTILY (kraft'i-li), adv. With craft; art- 
fully; skillfully; cunningly. 

CRAFTINESS (kraft'i-nes), n. Cunning; art; 
skillfulness. 

CRAFTSMAN (krafts'man), n. [pi. CRAFTS'- 
MEN.] Man skilled in any particular craft. 

CRAFTY (kraft'i), a. 1. Cunning; wily; deceit- 
ful. 2. Originally, skilled in a craft. [A. S. 
crwftig, skillful.] 

SYN. Artful; sly; subtle; shrewd; insidi- 
ous; guileful; tricky; fraudulent. ANT. 
Open; fair; candid; frank; honest; sincere; 
artless; ingenuous; straightforward. 

CRAG (krag), n. Rough, steep rock; rugged, 
broken cliff. [Wei. craig, rock.] 

CRAGGED (krag'ed), a. Having many crags; 
craggy. 

CRAGGINESS (krag'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being craggy. 

CRAGGY (krag'i), a. Full of crags or broken 
rocks. 

CRAGSMAN (krags'man), n. [pi. CRAGS'MEN.] 
One skilled in climbing crags. 

CRAKE (krak), n. 
Bird of the rail 
family, in England 
called corncrake, 
livng In fields and 
meadows, running 
with great rapidity, 
and having a harsh 
disagreeable cry. 
[Ice. krdka, crow.] 

CRAM (kram), v. 
[pr.p. CRAM'- 
MING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRAMMED 
(kramd).] I. vt. 1. 
Press close; pack tightly. 2. Fill to satiety; 
stuff. 3. Coach for special examination. 4. 
Make believe false or exaggerated tales. II. 
vi. 1. Eat greedily. 2. Crowd knowledge 
into the mind by hurried study; undergo 
cramming for an examination. [A. S. cram- 
mian, stuff.] 

CRAM (kram), n. 1. Act of cramming. 2. Sys- 
tem of cramming. 3. Information that has 
been crammed. 4. Crammer. 

CRAMBO (kram'bo), n. 1. Game in which one 
gives a word to which others endeavor to find 
a rhyme. 2. Word rhyming with one sug- 
gested. [Etym. doubtful.] 

CRAMMER (kram'er), n. One who crams. 
CRAMP (kramp), vt. [pr.p. CRAMP'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRAMPED (krampt).] 1. Bind, 
fasten or confine with a cramp. 2. Narrow 
down; confine. 3. Hinder or restrain the 
growth, progress or action of. [From the 
root of CRUMPLE.] 
CRAMP (kramp), n. 1. Mechanical device for 
binding two parts firmly together, as a piece 




Crake (Porzana 
porzana). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



CRAMP 



301 



CRAPE 






of metal bent at each end. 2. Restrain; 
hindrance; shackle. 

CRAMP(kramp),w. Pathol. Spasmodic muscular 
contraction, attended with pain, caused usu- 
ally by sudden chill, as from damp sheets or 
wet feet. — Bather's cramp, paralysis attack- 
ing a person while bathing. — Writer's cramp, 
disease affecting constant writers, the muscles 
refusing to obey only on attempting to write. 

CRAMP (kramp), vt. [pr.p. CRAMPING; p.t. and 
and p.p. CRAMPED (krampt).] Affect with 
cramps. 

CRAMPFISH (kramp'fish), n. Electric ray or 
torpedo. 

CRAMP-IRON (kramp'I-urn), n. Piece of metal 
bent at both ends for binding things together; 
cramp. 

CRAMPON (kram'pon), CRAMPOON (kram'- 
pon), n. 1. Grappling iron. 2. Pointed plate 
for the foot in hill climbing, etc. 3. Bot. 
Adventitious root, serving as a fulcrum or 
support. 

CRAMPY (kramp'i), a. 1. Affected with cramps. 
2. Causing or producing cramps. 

CRANBERRY (kran'ber-i), n. [pi. CRAN 'BER- 
RIES.] Red acid berry that grows on marshy 
land, used for sauce. [Etym. doubtful.] 

CRANCH (kranch), vt. [pr.p. CRANCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRANCHED (krancht).] Same as 
CRUNCH. 

CRANE (kran), n. 1. Large wading bird, with 
long legs, neck, and bill. 2. Machine for 
raising and lowering heavy objects. 3. Si- 
phon or bent pipe for drawing liquor out of a 
cask. 4. Iron arm or beam fixed to the back 
of a fireplace, and used for suspending kettles, 
etc. [A. S. cran, crane (the bird).] 




Crane, 

CRANE (kran), v. [pr.p. CRA'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRANED (krand).] I. vt. 1. Stretchout, 
as to crane the neck. 2. Hoist with, or as if 
with, a crane. II. vi. 1. Stretch out the 
neck, as a crane does. 2. In horsemanship, 
to pull up before a jump. 

CRANI-, CRANIO-, stem. Skull. [L. L. crani- 
um* skull.] 

CRANIAL (kra'ni-al), a. Pertaining to the cra- 
nium. 



CRANIOGNOMY (kra-ni-og'no-mi), n. Science 
which interprets the phenomena of the skull. 
[Stem CRANIO-, and Gr. gnome, opinion.] 

CRANIOGRAPHY (kra-ni-og'ra-fi), n. De- 
scription of the skull. [Stem CRANIO- and 
-GRAPHY.] 

CRANIOLOGICAL (kra-ni-o-loj'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to craniology. 

CRANIOLOGIST (kra-ni-ol'o-jist), n. One 
skilled in craniology. 

CRANIOLOGY (kra-ni-ol'o-ji), n. Science that 
treats of the characteristics of skulls; phre- 
nology. [CRANI- and -OLOGY.] 

CRANIOMETER (kra-ni-om'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring the skull. [CRANIO- 
and -METER.] 

CRANIOMETRY (kra-ni-om'e-tri), n. Measure- 
ment of the cranium. [CRANIO- and -MET- 
RY.] 

CRANIOSCOPY (kra-ni-os'ko-pi), n. Craniol- 
ogy. [CRANIO- and -SCOPY.] 

CRANIUM (kra'ni-um), n. [pi. CRA'NIA.] 
Skull; bony or cartilaginous case that in- 
closes the brain. [L. L., from Gr. hranion, 
skull.] 

CRANK (krangk), n. 1. Lever or arm on a shaft, 
driven by hand or by a connecting rod, its 
object being to convert reciprocating motion 
into rotary motion. 2. Crook or bend. 3. 
Conceit in speech. 4. Whim. 5. Person 
of abnormal, distempered, or unbalanced mind. 
6. One governed by a hobby. [Dut. kronkel, 
rumple.] 

CRANK (krangk), v. [pr.p. CRANK'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRANKED (krangkt).] I. vt. 1. 
Shape like a crank. 2. Provide with a crank. 
II. vi. Move in a zigzag manner. 

CRANK (krangk), a. 1. Naut. Liable to be up- 
set, as a top-heavy ship. 2. Shaky; rickety; 
tottering. [A. S. crane, weak.] 

CRANK (krangk), a. Brisk; merry. [Origin 
unknown.] 

CRANKINESS (krangk'i-nes), n. Quality of 
being cranky. 

CRANKNESS (krangk'nes), n. Quality of being 
crank. 

CRANKPIN (krangk'pin), n. Handle or pin used 
to transmit power to a crankshaft. 

CRANKSHAFT (krangk 'shaft), n. Shaft using 
crank as auxiliary to motive power. 

CRANKY (krangk'i), a. 1. Crooked. 2. In- 
firm; shaky; rickety. 3. Full of whims; 
crotchety. 

CRANNIED (kran'id), a. Having crannies, 
rents, or fissures. 

CRANNY (kran'i), n. [pi. CRAN'NIES.] Small 
narrow opening or fissure; crevice; chink. 
[Fr. cran, notch.] 

CRANNY (kran'i), vi. [pr.p. CRAN'NYING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRANNIED (kran'id).] 1. Become 
full of crannies. 2. Haunt or frequent cran- 
nies. 3. Pass through crannies. 

CRAPE (krap), n. Kind of gauze made of silk, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute hut burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CRAPPIE 



302 



CREAK 



often dyed black, and used in mourning. [Fr. 
crepe; from L. crispus, crisp.] 

CRAPPIE (krap'i), n. Bright-hued kind of sun- 
fish known as the Pomoxys annularis of 
the Mississippi river and tributary lakes and 
rivers of the middle Western States. Greatly 
sought for as a delicious food fish. Also 
found in some of the Southern States. 

CRAPS (kraps), n. Game of chance played with 
two dice. 

CRAPULENCE (krap'u-lens), n. Indisposition 
caused by overeating or drinking; surfeit. 
[L. crapula, drunken sickness.] 

CRAPY (kra'pi), a. Of the nature of, or re- 
sembling, crape. 

CRASH (krash), n. 1. Noise as of things break- 
ing or being crushed by falling. 2. Shock of 
two bodies meeting. 3. Failure of a com- 
mercial undertaking. [Imitative.] 

CRASH (krash), v. [pr.p. CRASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRASHED (krasht).] I. vt. Dash in 
pieces. II. vi. 1. Fall to pieces with a loud 
noise. 2. Make a crash. 

CRASH (krash), n. Coarse, strong linen. [L. 
crassus, coarse.] 

CRASS (kras), a. 1. Gross; thick; coarse. 2. 
Dull; stupid. [L. crassus, thick.] 

CRATE (krat), n. Wickerwork case, or case 
made of slats, rods, etc., for packing crockery 
in, or for carrying fruit, etc. [L. cratis, hurdle.] 

CRATE (krat), vt. [pr.p. CRA'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRA'TED.] Put or pack in a crate. 

CRATER (kra'ter), n. 1. Bowl-shaped mouth 
of a volcano. 2. Any large bowl-shaped 
cavity. [Gr. krater, large bowl for mixing 
wine; from kerannymi, mix.] 

CRATERELLE (krat-er-el'), n. Species of truf- 
fle grown through grafting with the mush- 
room. 

CRATJNCH (kranch), vt. [pr.p. CRAUNCH'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CRAUNCHED (krancht).] Same 
as CRUNCH. 

CRAVAT (kra-vaf), n. Kind of neckcloth. [Fr. 
cravate, a corruption of Croat.] 

CRAVE (krav), v. [pr.p. CRA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
CRAVED (kravd).] I. vt. 1. Beg earnestly. 
2. Demand or require. 3. Long for. II. vi. 
Feel an Insatiable longing for anything. [A. 
S. crafian, crave.] 

SYN. Beg; beseech; entreat; supplicate; 
Implore; desire. ANT. Abhor; abominate; 
loathe. 

CRAVEN (kra'vn), I. a. Cowardly. II. n. Cow- 
ard. [0. Fr. cravente; from L. crepo, break.] 

CRAVENETTE (kra-ven-ef), n. Waterproof 
cloth, used for overcoats; garment made of 
this material. 

CRAVING (kra'ving), n. 1. Vehement desire; 
longing; yearning. 2. Act of begging or 
beseeching. 

CRAW (kra), n. 1. Crop or first stomach of 
fowls. 2. Stomach of animals generally. 
[Dan. kro.] 




Crawfish (Cambarus affinit). 



CRAWFISH (kra'flsh), CRAYFISH (kra'flsh), 
n. Crustacean 
of the genus 
Astacus or the 
genus Cam- 
barus, resem- 
bling, but 
smaller than, a 
lobster, found 
in fresh-water 
streams. [Fr. cerevisse, crab.] 

CRAWFISH (kra'flsh), vi. [pr.p. CRAWFISH- 
ING; pt. and p.p. CRAWFISHED (kra'flsht).] 
Retract some hasty or ill-advised asser- 
tion or action; back out; back down. 
(Colloq.) 

CRAWL (kral), vi. [pr.p. CRAWL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRAWLED (krald).] 1. Move slowly 
along the ground, as a worm. 2. Creep. 3. 
Move feebly, stealthily, or sneakingly. 4. 
Have a sensation as of insects creeping over 
the flesh. [Ice. krafla.] 

CRAWL (kral), n. Act of crawling; creeping 
motion or sensation. 

CRAWL (kral), n. Pen or inclosure in the water 
for containing fish; kraal. 

CRAWLER (kral'er), n. One who or that which 
crawls. 

CRAWLY (kral'i), a. Creepy, as a crawly sen- 
sation. 

CRAYFISH (kra'flsh), n. Same as CRAWFISH. 

CRAYON (kra'on), n. 1. Pencil made of chalk, 
pipe clay, etc., used for drawing. 2. Draw- 
ing or design done with crayons. 3. Com- 
position formed with a pencil, and used for 
drawing upon lithographic stones. 4. Elect. 
Arclight carbon-point. [Fr. crayon; from 
craie, chalk; from L. creta, chalk.] 

CRAZE (kraz), v. [pr.p. CRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
CRAZED (krazd).] I. vt. 1. Made crazy or 
deranged. 2. Make minute cracks in, as the 
glaze of pottery. II. vi. 1. Become crazy or 
demented. 2. Become cracked, as the glaze 
of pottery. [Sw. krasa, crack.] 

CRAZE (kraz), n. 1. Mental derangement. 
2. Mad fancy; freak of fashion; caprice; 
fad. 3. Minute crack in the glaze of 
pottery. 

CRAZED (krazd), a. 1. Deranged. 2. Cracked. 

CRAZILY (kra'zi-li), adv. In a crazy manner. 

CRAZINESS (kra'zi-nes), n. Quality of being 
crazy. 

CRAZY (kra'zi), a. [comp. CRA'ZIER; superl. 
CRA'ZIEST.] 1. Insane; demented. 2. Broken 
down; dilapidated; rickety. 3. Inordinately 
eager. (Colloq.) 

CRAZY-BONE (kra'zi-bon), n. Anat. Extrem- 
ity of the radical ligament in the elbow, a 
blow on which irritates the nerve and causes 
a painful tingling; funny-bone. 

CRAZY- QUILT (kra'zi-kwilt), n. Patchwork 
counterpane or bedquilt. 

CREAK (krek), v. [pr.p. CREAKING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CREAK 



303 



CREDIT 



p.p. CREAKED (krekt).] I. vt. Cause to make 
a sharp grating noise. II. vi. Make a sharp 
grating noise, as of a hinge. [From the sound.] 

CREAK (krek), n. Harsh, grating sound. 

CREAKY (krek'i), a. 1. Inclined to creak. 2. 
Creaking. 

CREAM (krem), n. 1. Oily substance that 
forms on milk, yielding butter when churned. 

2. Best part of anything. 3. Any cream- 
like preparation, as cold cream for the skin, 
etc., or any dish largely made of cream, or 
like cream, as ice-cream, etc. — Cream of 
tartar. Chem. Bitartrate of potash. [Fr. 
creme.] 

CREAM (krem), v. [pr.p. CREAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. CREAMED (kremd).] I. vt. Skim off the 
cream from. II. vi. Gather or form cream. 

CREAM-COLORED (krem'kul-urd), a. Of the 
color of cream. 

CREAMERY (krem'er-i), n. 1. Establishment 
where butter and cheese are made from the 
milk supplied by a number of producers. 2. 
Place where cream, milk, butter, etc., are sold. 

3. Dairy-farm. 
CREAMINESS (krem'i-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being creamy. 

CREAM-LAID (krem'lad), a. Of a cream-color 
and laid, or bearing linear water-lines as if 
laid, said of paper. 

CREAM-NUT (krem'nut), n. Brazil nut. 

CREAM-WOVE (krem'wov), a. Of a cream- 
color and woven, said of paper. 

CREAMY (krem'i), a. 1. Full of or like cream. 
2. Gathering like cream. 

CREASE (kres), n. 1. Mark made by folding or 
doubling anything. 2. In cricket, a line indi- 
cating the boundaries of a particular space, as 
the position of a batter and bowler. [Bret. 
kHz, crease.] 

CREASE (kres), v. [pr.p. CREASING; p.t. and 
p.p. CREASED (krest).] I. vt. Make a crease 
or creases in. II. vi. Become creased, as from 
being folded. 

CREASE (kres), n. Same as CREESE 

CREASER (kres'er), n. One who or that which 
creases. 

CREASOTE (kre'a-sot), n. Same as CREOSOTE. 

CREASY (kres'i), a. Full of or marked with 
creases. 

CREATABLE (kre-a'ta-bl), a. Possible to be 
created. 

CREATE (kre-af), vt. [pr.p. CREA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. CREA'TED.] 1. Bring into being 
or form out of nothing. 2. Cause; produce; 
be the occasion or author of. 3. Appoint; 
constitute; invest with a new character. 
[L. creo (p.p. creatus), create.] 

CREATIN (kre'a-tin), n. Crystallizable sub- 
stance found in the muscular tissue of ani- 
mals. [Gr. kreas, flesh.] 

CREATION (kre-a'shun), w. 1. Act of creating, 
especially the universe. 2. That which is 
created; the world; the universe. 



CREATIONISM (kre-a'shun-izm), n. 1. The- 
ory of special creation — opposed to EVOLU- 
TIONISM. 2. Theory that God immediately 
creates a soul for every human being born — 
opposed to TRADUCIANISM. 

CREATIONIST (kre-a'shun-ist), n. 1. Believer 
in the theory of special creation. 2. Be- 
liever in the doctrine of the immediate cre- 
ation of souls. 

CREATIVE (kre-a'tiv), a. 1. Having power to 
create. 2. That creates. 

CREATOR (kre-a'tiir), n. 1. Supreme Being; 
Maker of the universe; God. 2. [c-] One who 
or that which creates; maker; producer. 

CREATURE (kre'tur or kre'chor), n. 1. What- 
ever has been created, animate or inanimate, 
especially every animate being, regarded as 
created. 2. Dependent; tool; puppet; hench- 
man. 

CRECHE (krash), n. Public day-nursery, for 
children whose parents are obliged to go from 
home to their daily work. [Fr.] 

CREDENCE (kre'dens), n. 1. Belief; confidence; 
credit; trust. 2. That which gives a claim to 
belief, credit, confidence, or trust. 3. Eccl. 
Small table beside the altar on which the 
bread and wine are placed before being con- 
secrated. [Fr., from L. L. credentia; from L. 
credens, pr.p. of credo, believe.] 

SYN. Faith; reliance; dependence; con- 
viction. ANT. Disbelief; distrust; sus- 
picion. 

CREDENDUM(kre-den'dum), n. [pi. CREDEN'- 
DA.] Theol. Thing to be believed; article of 
faith, as distinguished from AGENDUM, or 
practical duty. [L.] 

CREDENTIAL (kre-den'shal), n. 1. That which 
entitles to credit or confidence. 2. [pi.] 
Letters by which one claims confidence or 
authority, as the official warrant, commission, 
etc., given to an envoy as his claim to credit 
at a foreign court or capital. [CREDENCE.] 

CREDIBILITY (kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being credible. 

CREDIBLE (kred'i-bl), a. 1. Deserving of or en- 
titled to credit or belief. 2. Capable of being 
believed. [L. credibilis; from credo, believe.] 

CREDIBLY (kred'i-bli), adv. In a credible 
manner. 

CREDIT (kred'it), n. 1. Belief. 2. Reputa- 
tion or character of confidence or trust. 3. 
Reputation for solvency. 4. Sale on trust. 
5. Time allowed for payment. 6. Side of an 
account on which payments received are en- 
tered. 7. Sum placed at a person's disposal 
in a bank on which he may draw to its amount. 
[Fr. credit; from L. creditus, p.p. of credo, be- 
lieve.] 

CREDIT (kred'it), vt. [pr.p. CREDITING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRED'ITED.J 1. Believe or accept 
as true. 2. Trust or confide in. 3. Sell on 
credit or trust to. 4. Enter on the credit side 
of an account. 5. Set or place to the credit of. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfi, in Scotch loch. 



CREDITABLE 



304 



CRESCENDO 



CREDITABLE (kred'it-a-bl), a. Bringing credit 
or honor; praiseworthy. 

CREDITABLENESS (kred'it-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being creditable. 

CREDITABLY (kred'it-a-bli), adv. In a cred- 
itable manner. 

CREDITOR (kred'it-ur), n. One to whom a 
debt is owing; correlative to DEBTOR. 

CREDNERITE (kred'ner-It), n. Met. Gray man- 
ganate of copper. 

CREDO (kre'do), n, [pi. CREDOS (kre'doz).] 1. 
Creed. 2. Musical setting of creed for church 
service. [L.] 

CREDULITY (kre-du'li-ti), n. Disposition to 
believe on insufficient evidence; credulous- 
ness. 

CREDULOUS (kred'u-lus), a. Apt to believe 
without sufficient evidence. [L. credulus; from 
credo, believe.] 

CREDULOUSLY (kred'u-Ius-li), adv. In a cred- 
ulous manner. 

CREDULOUSNESS (kred'u-lus-nes), n. Quality 
of being credulous; credulity. 

CREED (kred), n. 1. Summary of articles of 
religious belief. 2. Any system of belief. 
[A. S. creda; from L. credo, believe.] 

CREEK (krek), n. 1. Small inlet or bay of the 
sea. 2. Tidal estuary of a river. 3. Small 
river; brook. 4. Any turn or winding. [A. 
S. crecca.] 

CREEKY (krek'i), a. Full of, or abounding in, 
creeks. 

CREEL (krel), n. 1. Fisherman's basket. 2. 
Spinning-machine frame. [O. Fr. criol, chest.] 

CREEP (krep), vi. [pr.p. CREEPING; p.t. and 
p.p. CREPT (krept).] 1. Move with the body 
on, or close to, the ground, as a snake or a 
caterpillar. 2. Crawl on hands and knees, as a 
babe. 3. Move slowly. 4. Grow along the 
ground or on supports, as a vine. 5. Fawn 
or cringe. 6. Have the sensation of some- 
thing creeping over or under the skin. 7. 
Shudder from fear or repugnance. [A. S. 
creopan.] 

CREEPER (krep'er). 
n. 1. One who or 
that which creeps. 
2. Bot. Creeping- 
plant. 3. Zool. 
One of any 
species of 
small climb- 
ing birds. 4. 
Instrument 
of iron with 
hooks or Creeper (Certhia familiaris). Forma- 
claws for tion of claw snown t0 tne right. 
drawing up things from the bottom of wells, 
rivers, or harbors. 

CREEPHOLE (krep'hol), n. 1. Hole into which 
to creep. 2. Subterfuge. 

CREEPINESS (krep'i-nes), n. State of being 
creepy. 




CREEPINGLY (krep'ing-li), adv. In a creeping 
manner. 

CREEPY (krep'i), a. Having a sensation as of 
something creeping over the flesh. 

CREESE (kres), n. Malay dagger with a wavy 
blade. [Malay, kris, dagger.] 

CREHLELA (kra-wa'la), n. Spanish linen 
cretonne lining. [Sp., dim of crea, linen.] 

CREMATE (kre'mat), vt. [pr.p. CREMATING; 
p.t. and p.p. CBE'MATED.] Dispose of by 
burning, as a corpse; reduce to ashes; incin- 
erate. [L. cremo (p.p. crematus), burn.] 

CREMATION (kre-ma'shun), n. Act of cre- 
mating. 

CREMATIONIST (kre-ma'shun-ist), n. One who 
advocates cremation, or burning of the dead. 

CREMATOR (kre-ma'tur), w. 1. One who 
cremates. 2. Crematory. 

CREMATORIAL (kre-ma-to'ri-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to a crematory or to cremation. 

CREMATORY (kre'ma-to-ri), n. [pi. CREMA- 
TORIES.] Place where corpses are cremated* 

CRENATE (kre'nat), CRENATED (krS'na- 
ted), a. Bot. Having the edge notched. 

CREOLE (kre'61), n. 1. Native of Spanish South 
America or West Indies of European parent- 
age. 2. Native of Louisiana of French or 
Spanish stock. 3. In the English West Indies, 
a native born negro. [Sp. criollo.] 

CREOLE (kre'61), a. Of or pertaining to a Creole 
or Creoles. 

CREOSOTE (kre'o-sot), n. Oily, colorless liquid 
obtained from the tar produced by the de- 
structive distillation of wood. [Gr. kreas, 
flesh, and soter, savior; from sozo, save.] 

CREPITACULUM ( krep-i-tak'u-lum), n. [pi. 
CREPITACULI ( krep-i-tak'u-H).] Vibratory 
sound-producing organ found in certain ani- 
mals, such as the locust, rattlesnake, katy- 
did, cricket, etc. [L., a rattle.] 

CREPITANT (krep'i-tant), a. Crackling; snap- 
ping. 

CREPITATE (krep'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. CREP'ITA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. CREPITATED.] Crackle; 
snap; give out a kind of rattling sound, as the 
lungs in pneumonia. [L. crepito (p.p. crepi- 
tatus), freq. of crepo, crack, rattle.] 

CREPITATION (krep-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
crepitating. 2. Crackling or rattling sound 
detected in the lungs by auscultation in cases 
of pneumonia. 

CREPON (krep'on), n. Kind of thin fabric re- 
sembling crape, made of wool, silk, etc. [Fr.] 

CREPT (krept), v. Past tense of CREEP. 

CREPUSCULAR (kre-pus'ku-lar), CREPUS- 
CULOUS (kre-pus'ku-lus), a. Of or pertaining 
to twilight. [L. crepusculum; from creper, 
dark.] 

CRESCENDO (kres-sen'dd; - 

It. kre-shen'do), I. adv. """ — - — - 

Music. With slowly in- Crescendo. 

creasing volume of sound. 
II. n. Music. 1. Gradual increase in force or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch loch. 






CRESCENT 



305 



CRICKET 




Crescent Moon. 






loudness. 2. Passag^ 'marked by the sign 
< or the abbreviation cres. [It.] 
CRESCENT ( kres 'ent) , 

1. a. 1. Increasing or 
growing. 2. Shaped 
like a crescent or 
new moon. II. n. 1. 
Moon as it increases 
towards th« first 
quarter, popularly 
called "new" moon. 

2. Something shaped 
like a crescent moon, 
as the figure on the 
Turkish standard, 
range of buildings in 
curved form, etc. [L. 
crescens, pr.p. of 
cresco 9 increase, 
grow.] 

CRESCENTIC ( kres- 
sent'ik), a. Crescent- 
shaped; like a crescent. 

CRESS (kres), n. One of several species of plants 
which grow in moist places and have pungent 
leaves, used as salads and medicinally. [A. S. 
cresse.] 

CRESSET (kres'et), n. 1. Iron basket, jar, or 
open lamp filled with combustible material, 
placed on a beacon, lighthouse, wharf, etc. 
2. Torch generally. [O. Fr. cresset, cras- 

■ set.] 

CREST (krest), n. 1. Tuft, comb, or other pro- 
jecting natural growth on the head of a bird 
or other animal. 2. Plume, tuft, ridge, or 
other ornament on the top of a helmet. 3. 
Her. Figure placed over a coat of arms. 4. 
Summit of anything, as a hill, wave, roof- 
ridge. 5. Anat. Ridge along the surface of a 
bone. 6. Bot. Fleshy appendage of a plant 
or seed in the form of a crest. 7. Figuratively, 
pride; spirit; courage. [O. Fr. creste; from L. 
crista, tuft.] 

CREST (krest), v. {pr.p. CREST 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CREST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Furnish with a 
crest. 2. Serve as a crest for; crown. II. vi. 
Assume the form of a crest. 

CRESTED (krest'ed), a. Having a crest. 

CRESTFALLEN (krest'faln), a. Dejected; dis- 
pirited; abashed. 

CRETACEOUS (kre-ta'shus), a. Composed of, 
or like, chalk. [L. cretaceus; from crefo,chalk.] 

CRETE (kret), n. Turkish island in Mediterra- 
nean. Area 3,326 sq. m. 

CRETIFICATION (kre-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. Con- 
version or calcination of matter into a chalk- 
like substance. 

CRETIN (kre'tin), n. Pathol. Person affected 
with cretinism. [Fr. cretin.] 

CRETINISM (kre'tin-izm), n. Pathol. State of 
defective mental development, associated with 
bodily deformity or arrested growth, occurring 
especially in connection with enlargement of 



the thyroid gland; it is common in the 
lower Alpine valleys. 

CRETONNE (kre-ton'), n. Strong printed cotton 
fabric, used for curtains or for covering furni- 
ture. [Fr.] 

CREVASSE (kre-vas), n. 1. Cleft in a glacier. 
2. Rreach in a dam or levee. [Fr.] 

CREVICE (krev'is), n. Crack or rent; narrow 
opening; fissure. [O. Fr. crevace; from L. 
crepo, crack.] 

CREW (kro), n. 1. Company, squad, or gang, 
often in a bad or contemptuous sense. 2. 
Naut. Company of seamen who man a boat, 
vessel, or ship. [O. Fr. and O. Eng. accrue, 
accrument.] 

CREW (kro), v. Past tense of CROW. 

CREWEL (kro'el), n. Fine worsted yarn used 
for embroidery and tapestry. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

CRIB (krib), n. 1. Rack or manger of a stable. 
2. Stall for oxen. 3. Child's bed. 4. Cabin or 
cottage. 5. Corn bin; rack. 6. Framework, 
as the crib over the intake of an aqueduct. 7. 
Small raft of timber. 8. That which is stolen; 
plagiarism. 9. Translation or key used by 
schoolboys. 10. Made-up hand in card game 
of cribbage. [A. S. crib.] 

CRIB (krib), v. [pr.p. CRIBBING; p.t. and p.p. 
CRIBBED (kribd).] I. vt. 1. Put aWay in a 
crib; confine. 2. Pilfer; plagiarize. II. vL 

1. Be confined or cooped up. 2. Be addicted 
to crib-biting. 

CRIBBAGE (krib'aj), n. Game of cards, in 
which the dealer makes up a third hand, called 
the "crib," for himself, partly from the hand 
of his opponent. 

CRIBBAGE-BOARD (krib'aj-bfird), w. Board 
with small holes in which pegs are inserted to 
keep the score in the game of cribbage. 

CRIBBER (krib'er), n. One who or that which 
cribs. 

CRIB-BITER (krib'bi-ter), n. Horse given to 
crib-biting. 

CRIB-BITING (krib'bi-ting), n. Vicious habit 
of horses, consisting in biting the manger and 
at the same time drawing in the breath with a 
peculiar noise. 

CRIBBLE (krib'l), n. 1. Coarse screen or sieve. 

2. Coarse flour or meal. [L. cribellum, dim. 
of cribrum, sieve.] 

CRIBBLE ( krib 1) , vt. [pr.p. CRIB'BLING ; p.t . and 
p.p. CRIBBLED (krib'ld).] Sift or riddle. 

CRIBLE (kre-bla'), a. Punctured like a sieve; 
dotted. [Fr.] 

CRIC (krik), n. Lip of a lamp burner used to 
condense flame. 

CRICK (krik), n. Spasm or cramp of the mus- 
cles, especially 
of the neck. [Al- 
lied to CROOK.] 

CRICKET (krik'- 
et), n. Salta- 
torial, orthopterous insect, allied to grass- 




Crickefc. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



CRICKET 



306 



CRISP 



hoppers and locusts. [O. Fr. criquet; from 

criquer, creak.] 
CRICKET (krik'et), n. Outdoor game played 

with bats, a ball, and wickets, between two 

sides of eleven each. [Fr. criquet; further 

etym. doubtful.] 
CRICKETER (krik'et-er), n. One who plays 

cricket. 
CRICOID (kri'koid), a. Anat. Ring-shaped. [Gr. 

krikos, ring, and eidos, form.] 
CRIED (krid), v. Past tense of CRY. 
CRIER (kri'er), n. One who cries or proclaims, 

especially an officer whose duty is to make 

public proclamations. 
CRIME ( krlm), n. 1. Law, Act committed or 

omitted in violation of a public law, either 

forbidding or commanding it and providing a 

penalty for the commission or omission. 2. 

Any act or omission that subjects one to 

punishment. [Fr., from L. crimen, accusa- 
tion.] 

STN. Offense; misdeed; misdemeanor; 

felony; iniquity. 
CRIMEA (kri-me'a), n. Peninsula, S. Russia, on 

Black Sea. 
CRIMINAL (krim'i-nal), I. a, 1. Relating to 

crime. 2. Of the nature of a crime. 3. 

Guilty of crime. II. n. One guilty of crime; 

malefactor; culprit; convict. 
CRIMINALIST (krim'i-nal-ist), n. One versed 

in criminal law. 
CRIMINALITY (krim-i-nal'i-ti), n. Guiltiness; 

guilt. 
CRIMINALLY (krim'i-nal-i), adv. In a criminal 

manner. 
CRIMINATE (krim'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. CRIM'INA- 

TING; p.t. and p.p. CRIMINATED.] 1. 

Accuse of a crime. 2. Involve in a crime. 
CRIMINATION (krim-i-na'shun), n. Act of 

criminating. 
CRIMINATIVE (krim'i-na-tiv), a. Accusing, or 

involving accusation. 
CRI3IINATORY (krim'i-na-to-ri), a. Same as 

CRIMINATIVE. 
CRIMINOLOGIST (krim-i-nol'o-jist), n. One 

versed in criminology. 
CRIMINOLOGY (krim-i-nol'o-ji), n. Science 

that treats of crime and criminals. [L. cri- 
men, crime, and -OLOGY.] 
CRIMP (krimp), vt. {pr.p. CRIMPING; p.t. and 

p.p. CRIMPED (krimpt).] 1. dimple; flute. 

2. Make crisp. 3. Pinch and hold tightly. 

4. Seize or decoy, as for impressment. [Dut. 

crimpen, shrink.] 
CRIMP (krimp), I. a. [comp. CRIM'PER; superl. 

CRIMP'EST.] 1. Friable; brittle. 2. Not 

consistent; weak. II. n. 1. That which is 

crimped. 2. Crimper. 3. One who decoys 

another in any way. 4. [pi.] Crimped hair. 
CRIMPAGE (krimp'aj), n. Act of crimping. 
CRIMPER (krimp'er), n. 1. One who crimps. 

2. Tool or machine for crimping. 
CRIMPLE (krimp'l), vt. [pr.p. CRIMP'LING; 



p.t. and p.p. CRIMPLED (krimp'ld).] Contract 
or draw together; corrugate; cause to curl up 
or together. [Dim. of CRIMP.] 

CRIMPY (krlmp'i), a. Crinkly; frizzled. 

CRIMSON (krim'zn), I. n. Deep red color tinged 
with blue; red in general. II. a. Deep red. 
[O. Fr. cramoisin; from Ar. qemazi, cochi- 
neal insect.] 

CRIMSON (krim'zn), v. [pr.p. CRIM'SONING; 
p.t. and p.p. CRIMSONED (krim'znd).] I. vt. 
Render crimson. II. vi. Become crimson; 
redden; blush. 

CRINGE (krinj), vi. [pr.p. CRINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRINGED (krinjd).] 1. Bend or crouch 
with servility. 2. Submit; fawn. [A. S. crin- 
gan, shrink.] 

CRINGE (krinj), n. Servile obeisance. 

CRINGELING (krinj 'ling), n. Cringer; fawner. 

CRINGER (krin'jer), n. One who cringes. 

CRINGLE (kring'gl), n. Naut. Small piece of 
rope worked into the bolt-rope of a sail, and 
containing a metal ring or thimble. [Ice. 
kringla, circle.] 

CRINITE (kri'nlt), a. Bot. Resembling a tuft of 
hair. [L. crinitus, hairy; from crinis, hair.] 

CRINKLE (kring'kl), v. [pr.p. CRIN'KLING; 
p.t. and p.p. CRINKLED (kring'kld).] I. vt. 
Twist; wrinkle; crimp. II. vi. Wrinkle up; 
curl. [Dut. krinkelen, curl.] 

CRINKLE (kring'kl), n. Wrinkle; twist; short 
bend or turn. 

CRINKLY (kringk'li), a. Having the appearance 
of being crinkled. 

CRINOID (kri'noid), I. a. Pertaining to the 
Crinoidea. II. n. One of the Crinoidea. 

CRINOIDEA ( krl-noi'de-a), n.pl. Zool. Class 
of echinoderms, sometimes called feather-stars 
or sea-lilies, and well-known in fossil forms 
as encrinites or stone-lilies. [Gr. krinon, lily, 
and eidos, form.] 

CRINOLINE (krin'o-lin), n. 1. Stiff fabric, 
originally of horsehair, employed to extend 
woman's attire. 2. Hooped skirt. 3. Netting 
round ships as a guard against torpedoes. 
[Fr., from L. crinis, hair, and linum, flax.] 

CRIPPLE (krip'l), n. 1. Lame person. 2. Per- 
son or animal lacking the natural use of any 
bodily member or members. [A. S. crypel; 
from creopan, creep.] 

CRIPPLE (krip'l), vt. [pr.p. CRIPPLING; p.t. 
and p.p. CRIPPLED (krip'ld).] 1. Make lame; 
lame. 2. Disable; impair the efficiency of. 

CRISIS (kri'sis), n. [pi. CRISES (kri'sez).] I. 
Decisive moment or turning point. 2. Med. 
Point when a disease is at its height; turning- 
point of a disease. [Gr. krisis; from krino, 
decide.] 

CRISP (krisp), a. [comp. CRISP'ER; superl. 
CRISP'EST.] 1. Curling closely. 2. Having a 
wavy surface. 3. So dry as to be crumbled 
easily. 4. Brittle, or short, as Si crisp cakes," 
etc. 5. Fresh and bracing, as "crisp air." 
6. Firm, the opposite of LIMP or FLABBY, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. ' 



CRISP 



307 



CROCODILIAN 



as a "crisp style" In writing. [A. S., from 

L. crispus, curled.] 
CRISP (krisp), v. [pr.p. CRISP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

CRISPED (krispt).] I. vt. 1. Curl or twist. 

2. Make crisp or wavy. 3. Make brittle. 

II. vi. 1. Crinkle. 2. Crackle. 
CRISPATE (kris'pat), a. Having a crisped or 

wavy appearance. 
CRISPER (krisp'er), n. One who or that which 

crisps. 
CRISPIN (kris'pin), n. Shoemaker. [From 

Crispin of Soissons, patron saint of the craft, 

martyred Oct. 25th, 287.] 
CRISPLY ( krisp 'li), adv. In a crisp manner. 
CRISPNESS (krisp'nes), n. Quality of being crisp. 
CRISPY (krisp'i), a. 1. Curled. 2. Rrittle. 3. 

Refreshing; bracing. 
CRISSCROSS (kris'kras), I. n. 1. Mark formed 

by the lines in the form of a cross, as that of a 

person unable to write his name. 2. Child's 

game played on a slate, the lines being drawn 

in the form of a cross. II. a. Crossing one 

another, as lines, in opposite directions. III. 

adv. Crosswise. [Said to be for Christ's CROSS.] 
CRISSCROSS (kris'kras), vt. [pr.p. CRISS'- 

CROSSING; p.t. and p.p. CRISSCROSSED 

(kris'krast).] 1. Sign with a crisscross. 2. 

Cover with intersecting lines. 
CRITERION (kri-te'ri-un), n. [pi. CRI'TERIA.] 

Means or standard of judging; test; rule; 

canon. [Gr., from krites, judge.] 
CRITH (krith), n. Chemical unit of mass for 

gases; mass of one liter of hydrogen. [Gr. 

krithe, barley.] 
CRITIC (krit'ik), n. 1. One skilled in estimating 

the quality of literary or artistic work. 2. 

Professional reviewer. 3. One skilled in text- 
ual or Riblical criticism, literature, the fine arts, 

etc. 4. Fault-finder. [Gr. kritikos; from 

krino, judge.] 
CRITIC AL(krit'ik-al), a. 1. Relating to criticism. 

2. Discriminating. 3. Captious. 4. Decisive. 
5. Scrupulous; fastidious. 6. Perilous; haz- 
ardous. 

CRITICALLY (krit'ik-al-i), adv. In a critical 

manner. 
CRITICALNESS (krit'ik-al-nes), n. Quality of 

being critical. 
CRITICISE (krit'i-siz), v. [pr.p. CRITICISING; 

p.t. and p.p. CRITICISED (krit'i-sizd).] I. vt. 

1. Pass judgment on. 2. Censure. II. vi. 

Express critical judgment or censure. 
CRITICISM ( krit'i-sizm ), n. 1. Act or art of 

judging, especially in literature or the fine 

arts. 2. Critical judgment or observation. 

3. Act of finding fault; censure. — Higher or 
historical criticism, inquiry into the com- 
position, date, and authenticity of the books 
of Scripture, from historical and literary con- 
siderations. 

CRITIQUE (kri-tek'), n. Critical examination 

of any production; review. [Fr.] 
CROAK (krok), vi. [pr.p. CROAKING; p.t. 




and p.p. CROAKED (krokt).] 1. Utter a low 
hoarse sound, as a frog or raven. 2. Grum- 
ble. 3. Forebode evil. 4. Utter croakingly. 
5. Die. (Slang.) [From the sound.] 

CROAK (krok), n. Low hoarse sound, as of a 
frog or raven. 

CROAKER (krok'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which croaks. 2. Fresh-water fish (Micro- 
pogon undulatus). 

CROAT (kro 'at), n. Member 
of the Slavonic race in- 
habiting Croatia, especial- 
ly one serving as a soldier 
in the Austrian army. 

CROCHET (kro-sha'), n. 
Kind of handiwork in 
fancy worsted, cotton, or 
silk — an extensive system 
of looping, by means of a 
small hook. [Fr.] 

CROCHET (kro-sha'), v. 
[pr.p. CROCHETING (kro- 

sha'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. CROCHETED ( kro- 
shad').] I. vt. Knit or make in the style 
of crochet. II. vi. Do crochet handiwork. 

CROCK ( krok ), n. Earthen pot or jar. [A. 
S. croc] 

CROCK (krok), vt. [pr.p. CROCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CROCKED (krokt).] Pack in a crock. 

CROCK (krok), n. 1. Rlack or soot of a pot or 
kettle. 2. Coloring matter rubbed off from 
dyed fabric. [Probably from CROCK (pot or 
kettle).] 

CROCK (krok), vi. [pr.p. CROCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CROCKED (krokt).] Give off coloring 
matter, as the dye from cloth. 

CROCKERY (krok'er-i), n. Earthenware; 
vessels formed of baked clay. 

CROCKET (krok'et), n. Arch. Ornament on the 
angles of spires, canopies, etc., like curled 



Croat. 



leaves or flowers. 
CROCODILE 
(krok'o-dil), 
n. Large liz- 
ard-like rep- 
tile, found in 
the Nile and 
other rivers 
of Africa, al- 
so in Asia 
and Amer- 
ica. It was 
Egyptians. — 



[Fr. crochet, little hook.] 




Crocodile (Crocodilus niloticus). 



held sacred among the ancient 
Crocodile tears, affected tears; 
hypocritical grief — from the old story that 
crocodiles (which have large lachrymal glands) 
shed tears over the hard necessity of killing 
their prey. [Gr. krokodeilos, lizard.] 

CROCODILIA(krok-o-dil'i-a),n.pZ. Zool. High- 
est order of existing reptiles, embracing the 
crocodiles, alligators, etc. [L.L. — L. crocodilus, 
crocodile.] 

CROCODILIAN (krok-o-dil'i-an), a. Pertaining 
to or like the crocodile or the Crocodilia. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



CROCUS 



308 



CROSS 




Crocus (Crocus 
sativus) . 



CROCUS (kro'kus), n. Bot. 1. Genus of bul- 
bous plants of the iris 

family, with brilliant 

yellow or purple 

flowers. 2. [c-] Plant 

of this genus. 3. Chcm. 

Any metal calcined 
, to a red or deep yellow 

color. [Gr. krokos.] 
CROFT (kraft), n. Piece 

of inclosed ground 

adjoining a house; 

close. [A. S.] 
CROFTER (kraft'er), n. 

One who cultivates a 

croft. 
CROMA (kro'ma), n. 

Music. An eighth note, 

or quaver. [It.] 
CROMLECH (krom'lek), n. Archeol. 1. Circle 

of standing stones. 2. Formerly a dolmen, 

with which it is still sometimes confounded 
, in England. [Wei., from crom, circular, and 

llech, stone.] 
CROMORNA (kro-mar'na), n. Music. Clarinet- 
like reed-stop in an organ. [Fr. ; from Ger. 

krummhorn.] 
CRONE (kron), n. Old woman, usually in con- 
tempt — sometimes an old man. [O. Fr. 

carogne, crabbed woman.] 
CRONOS (kro'nos), n. Greek Myth. Son of 

Uranus and Ge, identified with Saturn of 

Roman mythology. 
CrONSTADT (kron'stat), n. Seaport, Russia, 

on Kotlin Island, Gulf of Finland. 
CRONY (kio'ni), n. [pi. CRO'NIES.] Intimate 

companion. [Etym. unknown.] 
CROOK (krok), n. 1. Bend; curve; turn; any- 
. thing bent. 2. Music. Curved tube used to 

lower the pitch of a cornet, etc. 3. Staff bent 

at the end, as a shepherd's crook, bishop's 

crook, etc. 4. Pothook. 5. Artifice or trick. 

Q. Pickpocket; habitual criminal. [Ice. krokr, 

hook.] 
CROOK (krok), v. [pr.p. CROOKING; p.t. and 

p.p. CROOKED ( krokt).] I. vt. 1. Bend or 

form into a hook. 2. Turn from the straight 

line or from what is right. II. vi. Bend; 

become crooked. 
CROOK-BACK (krok'bak), n. One who has a 

crooked back; hunchback. 
CROOKED (krok'ed), a. [comp. CROOK'EDER; 

supcrl. CROOK'EDEST.] 1. Bent like a crook; 

not straight. 2. Deviating from rectitude. 

3. Untrustworthy; tricky; dishonest. 
CROOKEDLY (krok'ed-li), adv. In a crooked 

manner. 
CROOKEDNESS (krok'ed-nes), n. 1. Quality 

of being crooked. 2. Rascality; trickery. 
CROOKESITE (kroks'it), n. Min. Rare me- 
tallic mineral, consisting of copper, thallium, 

and silver, occurring in lead-like metallic 

masses. [See CROOKES TUBE.] 




CROOKES TUBE (kroks tub). Physics. High 
vacuum tube for showing 
any of the phenomena of 
the ultra-gaseous state of 
matter. [From William 
Crookes, English physicist.] 

CROON (kron), v. [pr.p. 
CROONING; p.t. and p.p. 
CROONED (krbnd).] I. vt. 
1. Utter in low monotonous 
tones. 2. Sing or hum in an 
undertone. II. vi. Sing or 
hum a low monotonous 
tune. [Imitative.] Crookes Tube. 

CROON (kron), CROONING (kron'ing), n. Low 
murmuring sound. 

CROP (krop), n. 1. Yield of any particular prod- 
uct, as the apple crop, corn crop, etc., consid- 
ered as growing or as gathered in harvest. 2. 
Anything cut off or cropped, or the act of cut- 
ting it off. 3. Hair or beard cut close or short. 
4. Mining. Best ore. 5. Craw of a bird. 6. 
Arch. Finial. [A. S. crop, top shoot of a 
plant; crop of a bird.] 

CROP (krop), v. [pr.p. CROP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CROPPED (kropt).] I. vt. 1. Cut off the top or 
tip of; lop. 2. Mow or reap, as the harvest. 3. 
Pluck off; pull off or gather. 4. Eat off; 
graze; browse. 5. Cut off closely; clip. II. 
vi. Browse; graze. — Crop out. 1. Appear 
or come to light incidentally, 2. Appear 
above the surface. 

CROQUET (kro-ka/), n. 1. Lawn game in which 
two or more players try to drive wooden balls, 
by means of mallets, through a series of 
arches set in the ground. 2. Act of croquet- 
ing. [Fr. crochet; from croc, hook.] 

CROQUET (kro-ka), vt. [pr.p. CROQUETING 
(kro-ka'ing); p.t. and p.p. CROQUETED (kro- 
kad').] In the game of croquet, to send off 
(an adversary's ball) by striking one's own in 
contact with it. 

CROQUETTE (kro-ket), n. Ball of minced 
meat, chicken, etc., seasoned and fried. [Fr. 
croquer, crunch.] 

CROQUIS (kro-ke), n. Outline design for work 
of art. [Fr.] 

CROSIER, CROZIER (kro'zher), 
n. Cross mounted on a staff* 
borne before archbishops and 
patriarchs — often confounded 
with pastoral staff. [O. Fr. 
crocier; from L. crux, cross.] 

CROSS (kras), n. 1. Christianity 
— from Christ's death on the 
cross. 2. [c-] Ancient gibbet, 
consisting of two pieces of tim- 
ber, one placed crosswise on 
the other. 3. [c-] Represen- 
tation of a cross. 4. [c-] 
Chosen symbol of Christianity, 
as the instrument on which 
Christ was crucified. 5. [c-] Mark in th: 




Crosier. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, men, lih=ch in Scotch loch. 



\\ 



CROSS 



309 



CROSS-PURPOSE 



shape of a cross; crisscross. 6. [c-] Trial, 
trouble, or affliction, regarded as a test of 
patience or virtue. 7. [c-] Mixing of breeds. 
8. [c-] Hybrid. 9. [c-] Something inter- 
mediate in character between two other 
things. 10. [c-] Anything that crosses or 
thwarts. 11. [c-] Contact between two tele- 
phone circuits. [O. Fr. crois; from L. crux, 
cross.] 




. Latin. 2. St. Andrew's. 3. Greek. 4. Patriar- 
chal. 5. Jerusalem. 6. Papal. 7. Maltese. 

CROSS (kras), v. [pr.p. CROSSING; p.t. and p.p. 
CROSSED (krast).] I. vt. 1. Lay one body 
or draw one line across (another). 2. Cancel 
by drawing cross-lines. 3. Pass from side to 
side. 4. Make the sign of the cross upon. 5. 
Breed from different varieties of. 6. Ob- 
struct; thwart. 7. Come or move across the 
pathway of. 8. Intersect. II. vi. 1. Lie 
or be athwart. 2. Pass from side to side 
directly or obliquely. 3. Interbreed. 

CROSS (kras), adv. 1. Across; athwart. 2. In 
opposition; adversely. 

CROSS (kras), a. [comp. CROSS'ER; superl. 
CROSS'EST.] 1. Peevish; ill-humored; out of 
temper. 2. Transverse; oblique. 3. Counter, 
as a cross-action, crossbill, etc. 

SYN. Fretful; fractious; peevish; snap- 
pish; touchy; grouchy. ANT. Kind; pa- 
tient; uncomplaining. 

CROSS-BAR (kras 'bar), n. Transverse bar. 

CROSS-BARRED (kras'bard), a. 1. Secured by 
transverse bars. 2. Marked with crossing 
bars or lines. 

CROSSBILL (kras'bil), w. Bird resembling the 
bullfinch, with the mandibles of the bill cross- 
ing each other near the points. 

CROSS-BONES (kras'bonz), n.pl. Figure of two 
thigh-bones laid across each other — together 
with the skull forming a conventional emblem 
of death. 

CROSSBOW (kras'bo), n. Weapon for shooting 
arrows, formed of a bow placed crosswise on 
a stock. 

CROSS-BRED (kras'bred), a. Produced by a 
crossing of breeds; hybrid; mongrel. 

CROSS-BREED (kras'bred), n. Breed or animal 
produced by crossing of different breeds, 
strains, or varieties; hybrid. 



CROSS-BUN (kras'bun), n. Bun marked with 
the form of a cross, eaten on Good-Friday. 

CROSS-COUNTRY (kras'kun-tri), a. Pertaining 
to a route across the country, regardless of 
the traveled ways. 

CROSSCUT (kras'kut), n. 1. Short traverse. 
2. Mining. Drift from a shaft to intersect a 
vein of ore. 

CROSSCUT (kras'kut), vt. [pr.p. CROSS'CUT- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. CROSS'CUT.] Cut cross- 
wise, or across. 

CROSSCUT-SAW (kras'kut-sa), n. Saw for cut- 
ting timber across the grain. 

CROSSED (krast), a. 1. 31arked with a cross. 
2. Obliterated or canceled by having a line 
drawn through, usually expressed crossed out. 

CROSSED-WIRE (krast'wir), n. [pi. CROSSED- 
WIRBS (krast'wirz).] Elec. Wire that inter- 
feres with or interrupts an electric current by 
crossing or otherwise coming in contact with 
another wire through which the current is 
being transmitted. 

CROSS-EXAMINATION (kras-eks-am-i-na- 
shun), n. Lata. Examination of a witness by 
opposing counsel upon matters regarding 
which he has been examined in chief. 

CROSS-EXA31INE (kras-eks-am'in), vt. [pr.p. 
CROSS-EXAMINING; p.t. and p.p. CROSS- 
EXAMINED (kras-eks-am'ind).] Law. Con- 
duct a cross-examination of, as a witness who 
has been examined in chief. 

CROSS-EXAMINER (kras-eks-am'i-ner), n. One 
who cross-examines. 

CROSS-EYE (kras'i), n. Strabismus. 

CROSS-EYED (kras'id), o. Affected with stra- 
bismus; having the eyes turned inward to- 
ward the nose. 

CROSS-FIRE (kras'fir), n. Mil. Crossing of 
lines of fire from two or more points. 

CROSS-GRAINED (kras'grand), a. 1. Having 
the grain or fibers crossed or intertwined. 2. 
Perverse; contrary; intractable. 

CROSS-GUARD (kras'gard), n. Bar, at right 
angles to the blade, forming the hilt-guard 
of a sword, sometimes called cross-hilt. 

CROSS-HATCHING (kras'hach-ing), n. Act of 
shading by parallel intersecting lines. 

CROSS-HILT (kras-hilt), n. Same as CROSS- 
GUARD. 

CROSSING (kras'ing), n. 1. Act of going across. 
2. Place where a roadway, etc., may be 
crossed. 3. Intersection, as of railways, 
etc. 4. Act of thwarting or interfering with. 
5. Hybridizing. 

CROSS-LEGGED (kras'Iegd), a. Having the 
legs crossed. 

CROSSLY (kras'li), adv. In a cross manner; 
peevishly. 

CROSSNESS (kras'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being cross; ill-humor. 

CROSSPATCH (kras'pach), n. Ill-natured per- 
son. 

CROSS-PURPOSE (kras 'pur-pus), w. 1. Con- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CROSS- QUESTION 



310 



CROWD 



Road crossing 
3. [pi.] Place 

Sea that sets 



trary purpose. 2. Contradictory conduct or 
system. 

CROSS-QUESTION (kras'kwes-chun), vt. [pr.p. 
CROSS'OUESTIONING; p.t. and p.p. CROSS- 
OUESTIONED (kras'kwes-chund).] 1. Ques- 
tion minutely. 2. Cross-examine. 

CROSS-REFERENCE (kras'ref-er-ens), n. Ref- 
erence in a book to another title or pas- 
sage. 

CROSS-ROAD (kras'rod), n. 1. 
a principal road. 2. By-road, 
where roads intersect. 

CROSS-SEA (kras'se), n. Naut. 

at an angle to the direction of the wind. 

CROSS-TALK (kras'tak), n. Conversation over 
one telephone circuit that is heard in a neigh- 
boring circuit. 

CROSS-TIE (kras'ti), n. 1. Railway sleeper. 2. 
Arch. Connecting band in building. 

CROSSTREE (kras'tre), n. Naut. One of the 
pieces of timber across the upper ends of the 
lower and top-masts. 

CROSSWAY (kras'wa), n. Way that crosses an- 
other; cross-road. 

CROSS-WIRE (kras'wir), n. 1. Elec. Live wire 
detached at one end and interfering with the 
transmission of another live wire properly 
connected. 2. Wire placed transversely or 
across another. « 

CROSSWISE (kras'wiz), adv. 1. Across. 2. 
In the form of a cross. 

CROTALIN (krot'a-lin), n. Chem. Toxic pro- 
teid found in the venom glands of snakes. 

CROTCH (croch), n. 1. Fork, as of a tree. 2. 
Naut. Forked post for supporting a boom or 
horizontal spar. [Allied to CROTCHET.] 

CROTCHED (krocht), a. 1. Forked. 2. 
Crotchety; peevish. 

CROTCHET (kroch'et), n. 1. Small hook. 2. 
Muaic. Quarter note. 3. Perverse fancy; 
whim. [Fr. crochet, small hook.] 

CROTCHETY (kroch'et-i), a. Whimsical; fanci- 
ful. 

CROTON (kro'- 
tun),n. 1. Gen- 
us of tropical 
plants, includ- 
ing the species 
Croton Tiglium, 
which yields 
croton-oil. 2. 
[c-] Plant of 
this genus. [Gr. 
kroton, tick or 
mite, which the 
seedoftheplant 
resembles.] 

CROTON-BUG 
(kro'tun-bug), 
n. Long-winged 
species of cock- 
roach; water-bug. 

CROTON-OIL (kro'tun-oil) 




Croton (Croton tiglium). 



Medicinal oil 



expressed from the seeds of the Croton Tig- 
lium. See CROTON. It is a speedy and 
powerful purgative. 

CROUCH (krowch), vi. [pr.p. CROUCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. CROUCHED (krowcht).] 1. 
Squat or lie close to the ground, as an animal 
ready to spring. 2. Cringe; fawn. [Allied 
to CROOK.] 

CROUP (krop), n. 1. Rump of a horse. 3. 
Place behind the saddle. [Fr. croupe.] 

CROUP (krop), n. Pathol. Spasm of the glottis, 
a common complaint among young children, 
characterized by difficult breathing accom- 
panied with a stridulous crowing inspiration. 
[From the sound made.] 

CROUPIER (kro'pi-er; Fr. kro-pya'), n. 1. One 
who watches the cards and collects the money 
at a gaming table. 2. Assistant chairman 
at a public dinner. [Fr.] 

CROUPOUS (krop'us), o. Showing symptoms of 
croup. 

CROUPY (krop'i), a. Of, pertaining to, or like 
croup; croupous. 

CROUT (krowt), n. Same as KRAUT in SAUER- 
KRAUT. 

CROUTON (kro-tang'), n. Bread cut in shape of 
small cubes and fried to a crisp brown to be 
used in cookery. [Fr.] 

CROW (kro), w. 1. Amer- 
ican bird about ten or 
twelve inches in length, 
the Corvus americanus, 
of glossy black plum- 
age, noted for its harsh 
cry. 2. In England 
the rook, Corvusfrugi- 

legus. 3. Any bird of . „_ , _ 

,. „ „,„ ,. American Crow (Corvus 

the genus Corvus, brachyhynchus). 

which includes the 

carrion crow, hooded crow, magpies, jays, etc. 
4. Cry of a cock, or any similar sound. 5. 
Crowbar. [A. S. crawe; from crawan, cry like 
a cock; imitative.] 

CROW (kro), vi. [pr.p. CROWING; p.t. CREW 
(kro) or CROWED (krod); p.p. CROWED.] 1. 
Utter the peculiar cry or call of a cock. 2. 
Exult; boast; brag; swagger. [A. S. crawan.] 

CROWBAR (kro'bar), n. Iron bar used as a 
lever. 

CROWD (krowd), n. 1. Large gathering or 
collection of persons or things; multitude; 
throng; jam. 2. Mass of the people; popu- 
lace. 3. Gang; coterie; clique; set. [A. S. 
croda; from creodan, crowd, press.] 

CROWD (krowd), v. [pr.p. CROWD 'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. CROWD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fill to excess, 
as to crowd a hall with people. 2. Pack 
closely together. 3. Push; shove; urge along. 
II. vi. 1. Collect in crowds; swarm. 2. 
Press on; push; shove. [A. S. creodan.] 

CROWD (krowd), n. Ancient musical instru- 
ment, like a violin, with six strings, four of 
which were played with a bow, and the two 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 




CROWNS £ CORONETS. 



MITER OF THE BISHOP 
OF DURHAM ERRONEOUSLY 
ASSIGNED TO ARCHBISHOPS 





OLIVE-CROWN 





DITTO OUKEOF GLOUCESTER CROWN OF ENGLAND 

^mrSc AND PRNCESS SOPHIA MATILDA 

KING OF ARMS »«*«*. 





DITTO PRINCE OF PRINCESSES 



CORONET OF NAVAL CORONET OR CROWN 

A DUKE OF FRANCE 



CELESTIAL CORONET OR CROWN 






CORONET OR 
CROWN VALLAIRIE 



MURAL CORONET OR CROWN 






CROWN OF 
ENGLAND OF EDWARD I 



WREATH 




STATE CAP OF 
LORD MAYOR OF LONDON CORONET PALLISADO- 



CHAPEAU OR MORTIERACAPOFSTATE 

CAP OF MAINTENANCE MORTIER A CAP OF STATE 



Copyright, 1911 , by Wm. H. Lee. 



CROWDER 



311 



CRUISE 






others plucked with the thumb. [Wei. crwth, 

violin.] 
CROWDER (krowd'er), n. One who crowds. 
CROWFOOT (kro'fpt), n. [pi. CROWFOOTS.] 

1. Dot. Any plant of the buttercup family; 
buttercup. 2. Naut. Complication of small 
cords spreading out from a long block. 

CROWN (krown), n. 1. Diadem or state-cap of 
royalty; wreath of anything to be worn on the 
head. 2. Regal power. 3. Sovereign. 4. 
Honor; reward, as the "martyr's crown." 5. 
Top of anything, especially of the head. 6. 
Completion; accomplishment. 7. English 
coin stamped with a crown, especially the 
silver flve-shilling piece. 8. Part of tooth 
beyond the gum. 9. Size of paper, because 
originally water-marked with a crown. 10. 
Arch. Species of spire or lantern formed by 
converging flying-buttresses. 11. Jewelry. 
Part of a cut gem above the girdle. — Crown 
land, land belonging to the crown or sovereign. 
— Crown prince, prince who succeeds to the 
crown. [O. Fr. corone; from L. corona, crown.] 

CROWN (krown), vt. [pr.p. CROWNING; p.t. 
and p.p. CROWNED (krownd).] 1. Cover or 
invest with a crown. 2. Invest with royal dig- 
nity. 3. Adorn with a wreath, garland, etc. 4. 
Dignify or reward. 5. Perfect; complete; 
consummate. 6. Dent. Place an artificial 
crown on; cap; as to crown a tooth. 

CROWNER (krown'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which crowns. 2. Coroner. (Provincial Eng.) 

CROWNLESS (krown'les), a. Having no crown. 

CROWNLET (krown'let), n. Small crown. 

CROWN-OFFICE (krown'of-is), n. Eng. Law. 
Section of the court of King's Bench which 
takes cognizance of all criminal cases. 

CROWNWORK (krown'wurk), n. 1. Fort. Out- 
work composed of a bastion between two 
curtains, with demi-bastions at the extremes. 

2. Dent. Placing of porcelain or metal crowns 
on decayed teeth; or the crowns so placed. 

CROW'S-BILL (kroz'bil), n. Surg. Kind of 
forceps for extracting bullets, etc., from 
wounds. 

CROW'S-FOOT (kroz'fot), n. [pi. CROW'S- 
FEET.] One of the wrinkles produced by age, 
spreading out from the corners of the eyes. 

CROW'S-NEST (kroz'nest), n. Naut. Lookout 
box on the main topmostmast crosstrees of a 
whaler. 

CROZIER (kro'zher), n. Same as CROSIER. 

CRUCIAL (kro'shi-al), a. 1. Transverse; inter- 
secting. 2. In the form of a cross. 3. Severe ; 
testing, as a crucial experiment. [Fr. crucial; 
from L. crux, crucis, cross.] 

CRUCIATE (kro'shi-at), o. Dot. Arranged in 
the form of a cross, as leaves or petals. 

CRUCIBLE (kro'si-bl), n. Vessel made of clay 
or other refractory substance, for melting 
ores, metals, etc. [L.L. crucibulum, melting- 
pot.] 

CRUCIFER (kro'si-fer), n. 1. Eccl. Cross- 



bearer in a procession. 2. Dot. Plant of the 
order Cruciferos. 

CRUCIFER.3S (kro-sif'er-e), n.pl. Dot. Nat- 
ural order of exogenous plants (many of them 
edible), having a corolla of four petals ar- 
ranged in the form of a cross. [L. crux, 
crucis, cross, and fero, bear.] . 

CRUCIFIER (kro'si-fi-er), n. One who crucifies. 

CRUCIFIX (kro'si-fiks), n. Figure or picture of 
Christ fixed to the cross. [Fr., from L. cru- 
cifixus, p.p. of crucifigo, crucify.] 

CRUCIFIXION (kro-si-fik'shun), n. 1. Act of 
crucifying. 2. Death on the cross, especially 
that of Christ. 

CRUCIFORM (kro'si-farm), o. Of the form of a 
cross. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and forma, 
form.] 

CRUCIFY (kro'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. CRUCIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. CRUCIFIED (krosi-fid).] 1. Put 
to death by fixing the hands and feet to a cross. 
2. Subdue completely. 3. Mortify; torture; 
torment. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and figo, fix.] 

CRUCIGEROUS (kro-sij'er-us), a. Bearing a 
cross. [L. crux, crucis, cross, and gero, 
carry.] 

CRUDE (krod), a. [comp. CRUDER; superl. 
CRU'DEST.] 1. Raw, unprepared. 2. Not 
reduced to order or form. 3. Unfinished; 
superficial; unskilled. 4. Immature; un- 
ripe. [L. crudus, raw.] 

CRUDELY (krod'li), adv. In a crude manner. 

CRUDENESS (krod'nes), n. Quality of being 
crude. 

CRUDITY (kro'di-ti), n. [pi. CRUDITIES.] 1. 
Rawness; unripeness; immaturity. 2. That 
which is crude. 

CRUEL (kro'el), a. [comp. CRU'ELER; superl. 
CRU'ELEST.] 1. Disposed to inflict pain, or 
pleased at suffering. 2. Void of pity; merci- 
less; savage; severe. [Fr., from L. crudelis, 
cruel.] 

CRUELLY (kro'el-i), adv. In a cruel manner. 

CRUELTY (kro'el-ti), 
n. [pi. CRUELTIES.] 
1. Cruel disposition 
or temper. 2. Cruel 
or inhuman act. 

CRUET (kro'et), n. 
Small glass bottle 
for holding vinegar, 
oil, etc. ; caster. [Dut. 
kruik, jar.] 

CRUISE (kroz), v. [pr. 
p. CRUISING; p.t, 
and p.p. CRUISED 
(krozd).] I. vt. Sail 
over or upon. II. vi. 
Sail to and fro ; rove 
on the sea. [Dut. 
kruisen; from kruis, 

CRUISE (kroz) 




Cruet Stand. 



cross.] 
Voyage in various directions, 
as by a cruiser in search of an enemy, or for 
the protection of vessels; sea- voyage. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



CRUISER 



312 



CRUTCH 



CRUISER (kroz'er), n. 1. Person or vessel that 
cruises. 2. War-vessel rating just below the 
battleship. 




Cruiser Brooklyn, U. S. Navy. 

CRULLER (krul'er), n. Curled or crisped cake, 

cooked in boiling fat. [Dut. krullen, curl.] 
CRUMB (krum), n. 1. Small bit of bread, cake, 

etc.; morsel. 2. Soft part of a loaf of bread. 

[A. S. crutna.] 
CRUMB (krum), vt. [pr.p. CRUMBING (krum'- 

ing); p.t. and p.p. CRUMBED (krumd).] 1. 

Break into crumbs; crumble. 2. Fill or dress 

with crumbs, as in cooking. 
CRUMB-BRUSH (krum brush), n. Brush for 

sweeping crumbs off the table. 
CRUMB-CLOTH (krum'klath), n. Cloth laid 

under a table to keep falling crumbs from the 

carpet. 
CRUMBLE (krum'bl), v. [pr p. CRUMBLING; 

p.t. and p.p. CRUMBLED (krum'bld).] I. vt. 

I. Break into crumbs. 2. Scatter in crumbs. 

II. vi. 1. Fall into small pieces. 2. Fall into 
pieces; decay. [Originally dim. of CRUMB.] 

CRUMBLY (krum'bli), a. Apt to crumble; 

easily crumbled. 
CRUMBY (krum'i), a. 1. Full of crumbs. 2. 

Soft, like the crumbs of bread. 
CRUMPET (krum'pet), n. Kind of crumby 

soft cake or muffin. 
CRUMPLE (krum'pl), v. [pr.p. CRUMPLING; 

p.t. and p.p. CRUMPLED (krum'pld).] I. vt. 

Mark with, or draw into, folds or wrinkles; 

crease. II. vi. Become wrinkled. [Freq. from 

CRAMP.] 
CRUMPY (krum'pi), a. Brittle; crisp; easily 

broken. 
CRUNCH (krunch), v. [pr.p. CRUNCHING; 

p.t. and p.p. CRUNCHED (kruncht).] I. vt. 

1. Crush with the teeth. 2. Chew or grind 

hard, and so make a noise. II. vi. 1. Make 

a noise in chewing or grinding. 2. Force a 

way through some brittle substance with vio- 
lence and noise. 
CRUNCH (krunch), n. Act of crunching. 
CRUPPER (krup'er), n. 1. Leather strap 

which passes under a horse's tail to keep the 

harness in place. 2. Haunch of a horse. 

[Fr. croupiere.] 
CRURAL (kro'ral), a. Anat. Belonging to, or 

shaped like, a leg. [L. cruralis; from cms, 

cruris, leg.] 
CRUS (krus), n. [pi. CRURA (kro'ra).] Anat. 

1. Part of leg between knee and ankle. 2. 

Any part resembling a leg. [L., leg.] 



CRUSADE (kro-sad'), n. 1. Military expedition 
under the banner of the cross to recover the 
Holy Land from the Turks. 2. Any daring 
or romantic undertaking. [Fr. croisade; from 
L. crux, crucis, cross.] 

CRUSADE (kro-sad), vi. [pr.p. CRUSA'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. CRUSA'DED.] Engage in a cru- 
sade. 

CRUSADER (kro-sa'der), n. One engaged in a 
crusade. 

CRUSE (kros), n. Small bottle or cruet. rice. 
krus, pot.] 

CRUSET (kro'set), n. Goldsmith's crucible. 
[Fr. creuset.] 

CRUSH (krush), v. [pr.p. CRUSHING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRUSHED (krusht.)] I. vt. 1. Break or 
bruise. 2. Squeeze together. 3. Beat down 
or overwhelm; subdue. 4. Crowd; jam. 
II. vi. Become broken under pressure. [O. 
Fr. croissir.] 

CRUSH (krush), n. 1. Violent squeezing. 2. 
Vast crowd of persons or things. 

CRUSHER (krush'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which crushes. 2. Mill or machine for 
crushing ore. 

CRUSH-HAT (krush'hat), n. Hat so constructed 
as to collapse and become flat. 

CRUST (krust), n. 1. Hard rind or outside 
coating of anything. 2. Outer part of bread. 
3. Covering of a pie, etc. 4. Geol. Solid 
exterior of the earth. [L. crusta, rind.] 

CRUST (krust), v. [pr.p. CRUST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. CRUST'ED.] I. vt. Cover with a crust. 
II. vi. Gather into a crust. 

CRUSTACEA (krus-ta/shi-a), n.pl. Zool. Large 
class of anthropod animals, almost all aquatic, 
including crabs, lobsters, shrimps, etc. [L. 
crusta, crust.] 

CRUSTACEAN (krus-ta'shi-an), I. a. Per- 
taining to the Crustacea. II. n. One of the 
Crustacea. 

CRUSTACEOLOGI (krus-ta-shi-ol'o-ji), n. 
Branch of zoology that treats of the Crustacea. 
[CRUSTACEA and -OLOGY.] 

CRUSTACEOUS (krus-ta'shi-us), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to the Crustacea. 2. Having a 
shell-like covering. 

CRUST ATED (krus'ta-ted), a. Covered with a 
crust. 

CRUSTATION ( krus-ta'shun ), n. Adherent 
crust. 

CRUSTILY (krust'i-li), adv. In a crusty, peevish, 
or ill-tempered manner. 

CRUSTINESS (krust'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being crusty. 

CRUSTY (krust'i), a. 1. Like, or of the nature 
of, a crust. 2. Peevish; morose; surly; ill- 
tempered. 

CRUTCH (kruch), n. 1. Staff with a cross- 
piece at the head to place under the arm of a 
lame person. 2. Any support like a crutch. 
[From root of CROOK.] 

CRUTCH (kruch), v. [pr.p. CRUTCH'ING; p.t. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



CRUX 



313 



CUBATURE 



and p.p. CRUTCHED (krucht).] I. vt. Support, 

as a cripple, on crutches. II. vi. Go on crutches. 
CRUX (kruks), n. 1. Cross. 2. Figuratively, 

something that occasions difficulty. [L. 

crux, cross.] 
CRY (krl), v. [pr.p. CRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

CRIED (krld).] I. vt. 1. Utter loudly ; call out. 

2. Proclaim or make public. II. vi. 1. Utter 

a shrill loud sound, especially one expressive of 

pain or grief. 2. Lament; weep. 3. Bawl. 

[Fr. crier.] 

SYN. Call; exclaim; clamor; vociferate; 

shout; yell; squall; scream; bellow; sob; 

blubber. 
CRY (krl), n. [pi. CRIES (kriz).] 1. Any loud 

utterance, especially of grief or pain. 2. Fit of 

weeping. 3. Pack of hounds; hence, a posse; 

squad. 4. Proclamation. 5. Watchword. 

6. Lamentation. 7. Importunate prayer. 
CRYING (kri'ing), a. 1. Calling loudly. 2. 

Claiming notice. 3. Notorious; outrageous. 
CRYOCONITE (kri-ok'o-nit), n. Dust-like sand 

found on the ice in the arctic regions. [Gr. 

kryos, frost, and konis, dust.] 
CRYPT (kript), n. 

Underground 

cell or chapel, 

especially one 

used for burial. 

[L. crypta; from 

Gr. krypte; from 

krypto, hide.] 
CRYPTIC (krip'- 

tik), a. Hidden; 

secret; unseen. 
CRY PTOG AM 

(krip'to-gam), 

n. Bot. Plant of the class Cryptogamia. 
CRYPTOGAMIA ( krip-to-ga'mi-a), n. Bot. 

Class of flowerless plants, or plants that 

propagate by spores. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and 

gamos, marriage.] 
CRYPTOGAMIC (krip-to-gam'ik), CRYPTOGA- 

MOUS (krip-tog'a-mus), a. Pertaining to the 

class Cryptogamia. 
CRYPTOGRAM ( krip'to-gram), n. Cipher wri- 
ting. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and gramma, 

writing.] 
CRYPTOGRAPH (krip'to-graf), n. Writing in 

cipher. 
CRYPTOGRAPHIC (krlp-to-graf'ik), a. 1. Writ- 
ten in cipher. 2. Used for cipher writing. 
CRYPTOGRAPHY (krip-tog'ra-fl), n. 1. Art 

of secret writing. 2. Character or cipher so used. 

[Gr. kryptos, hidden, and -GRAPHY.] 
CRYPTOLOGY (krip-tol'o-ji), n. Enigmatical 

language. [Gr. kryptos, hidden, and -LOGY.] 
CRYPTON (krip'ton), n. Element of the atmos- 
phere, discovered in 1898. [Gr. kryptos, 

hidden.] 
CRYPTONYM (krip'to-nim), n. Name one bears 

In a secret society; hidden name. [Gr. kryp- 
tos, hidden, and onyma, name.] 




Crypt of York Cathedral. 




Crystals. 



CRYSTAL (kris'tal), n. 1. Superior kind 
quartz, clear like ice. 
2. Chem. Piece of 
matter which has as- 
sumed a definite geo- 
metrical form, with 
plane faces. [L. crys- 
tallum; from Gr. krys- 
tallos, ice.] 

CRYSTAL (kris'tal), 
CR YSTALLINE (kris'- 
tal-in), a. Of or like 
crystal; clear; trans- 
parent. — Crystalline 
lens. Anat. Transpar- 
ent body placed be- 
hind the iris of the eye, 
but very near it. 

CRYSTALLIZABLE 
( kris'tal-I-za-bl), a. 
Capable of being crystallized or formed into 
crystals. 

CRYSTALLIZATION * kris-tal-i-za'shun ), n. 
Act or process of crystallizing. 

CRYSTALLIZE (kris'tal-iz), v. [pr.p. CRYS'- 
TALLIZING; p.t. and p.p. CRYSTALLIZED 
(kris'tal-izd).] I. vt. 1. Reduce to the form of 
a crystal. 2. Give form or fixed shape to. II. 
vi. 1. Assume a crystalline form. 2. Become 
fixed in form or shape. 

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY ( kris-tal-og'ra-fl), n. 
Science of crystallization. [Gr. krystallos, 
crystal, and -GRAPHY.] 

CRYSTALLOID (kris'tal-oid), I. a. Having the 
form of a crystal. II. n. 1. Chem. Sub- 
stance which when in solution passes easily 
through membranes; opposed to COLLOID. 
2. Bot. Protein-crystal. [Gr. krystallos, crys- 
tal, and -OID.] 

CRYSTALLOLOGY (kris-tal-ol'o-ji), n. Same 
as CRYSTALLOGRAPHY. 

CTENOID (te'noid), a. Zool. Comb-shaped, 
applied by Agassiz to the scales and fins of 
certain fishes, as the perch, etc. [Gr. kteis, 
ktenos, comb, and -OID.] 

CUB (kub), n. 1. Young of certain animals, as 
the bear, fox, wolf, etc.; whelp. 2. Rough 
and ready youth. [Irish 
cuib, whelp; from cm, dog.] 

CuBA(ku'ba),n. Largest of 
W. Indian Islands. Area 
45,881 sq. m. 

Cuban (ku'ban), i. o. of 

or pertaining to Cuba. II. 

n. Native of Cuba. 
CUBARITHM (ku'ba- 

ritfcm), n. Calculating die 

or cube used by the blind. 

[CUBE, and Gr. arithmos, 

number.] 
CUBATURE (ku'ba-tur), 

n. 1. Act or process of 

finding the solid or cubic 




Maximus Gomez, 
Cuban general and 
patriot. Born in 
1836— died 1905. 

contents of a 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



CUBBY 



314 



CULINARY 




Cube. 
from L. cubus; from Gr. kybos, 



body. 2. Result thus found. [L. cubus, 
cube.] 

CUBBY (kub'l), n. Narrow, close or confined 
place. Also called cubby-hole, 

CUBE (kub), n. 1. 
Solid body having 
six equal square 
faces; solid square. 
2. Math. Third 
power of a num- 
ber, as 2x2x2=8. 
— Cube root, num- 
ber or quantity 
that produces a 
given cube by be- 
ing raised to the 
third power — thus 
2 is the cube root 
of 8. [Fr.; 
cube.] 

CUBEB (ku'beb), n. Dried berry of Piper 
cubeba, a climbing shrub, useful as a stom- 
achic and carminative. [Fr. cubebe; from 
Ar. kabdbah.] 

CUBIC (ku'bik), a. 1. Pertaining to or shaped 
like a cube. 2. Math. Of the third power or 
degree. — Cubic foot, solid of the form of a 
cube, measuring a foot each way, or the 
equivalent in solid contents of such a body. 

CUBICAL (ku'bl-kal), a. Same as CUBIC. 

CUBICALLY (ku'bik-al-i), adv. So as to raise a 
number to a cube. 

CUBICALNESS (ku'bik-al-nes), n. State or 
quality of being cubical. 

CUBIFORM (ku'bi-farm), o. Resembling a 
cube in shape. 

CUBIT (ku'bit), n. Measure employed by the 
ancients, equal to the length of the arm from 
the elbow to the tip of the middle finger — 
from 18 to 22 inches. [L. cubitum, elbow.] 

CUBITAL (ku'bit-al), a. Of the length of a cubit. 

CUBOID (ku'boid), a. Resembling a cube in 
shape. [CUBE and -OID.] 

CUBOIDAL (ku-boid'al), a. Cuboid; cubiform. 

CUCKOO (kQk'o), n. Bird that cries "cuckoo," 
of which there are many species, some of them 
noted for laying their eggs in the nests of 
other birds. [From its cry.] 

CUCKOO-CLOCK (kpk'o-klok), n. Clock in 
which the hours are told by a cuckoo-call. 

CUCULLATE (ku-kul'at or ku'kul-at), a. 1. 
Hooded. 2. Shaped like a hood. [L. cu- 
cullatus; from cucullus, hood.] 

CUCUMBER (ku'kum-ber), n. 1. Creeping 
plant, with heart-shaped leaves, rough with 
bristly hairs, and large oblong fruit used as a 
salad and pickle. 2. Fruit of this plant. 
[L. cucumis, cucumeris.] 

CUCURBIT (ku-kflr'bit), n. Chemical vessel 
used in distillation, originally shaped like 
a gourd. [Fr. cucurbite; from L. cucurbita, 
gourd.] 

CUD (kud), n. 1. Food brought from the first 



stomach of a ruminant back into the mouth 
to be chewed again. 2. Quid of tobacco. 
(Colloq.) [A. S. cudu.] 

CUDDLE (kud'l), v. [pr.p. CUD'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. CUDDLED (kud'ld).] I. vt. Hug; em- 
brace; fondle. II. vi. Lie close and snug. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

CUDDY (kud'i), n. [pi. CUD'DIES.] Naut. 1. 
Small cabin or cookroom, in the fore part of 
a boat or lighter. 2. In large vessels, the 
officers' cabin under the poopdeck. [Origin 
uncertain.] 

CUDGEL (kuj'el), ». Heavy staff; club. [A. S. 
cycgel.] 

CUDGEL (kuj'el), vt. [pr.p. CUDG'ELING; p.t. 
and p.p. CUDGELED (kuj'eld).] Beat with a 
cudgel. 

CUDGELER (kuj'el-er), n. One who beats 
another with a cudgel. 

CUDWEED (kud'wed), n. Popular name for 
many species of plants of the aster family, 
especially the everlasting. [Corrup. from 
COTTONWEED.] 

CUE (ku), n. 1. Tail or end of anything, es- 
pecially of a wig; queue. 2. Last words of 
an actor's speech which a player, who is to 
follow, catches and regards as an intimation 
to begin. 3. Part one is to take up. 4. Hint; 
intimation. 5. Turn or temper of mind. 6. 
Straight tapering rod used in playing billiards. 
[Fr. queue, tail.] 

CUFF (kuf), v. [pr.p. CUFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CUFFED (kuft).] I. vt. Strike with the open 
hand. II. vi. Scuffle; box. [Sw. huff a, knock.] 

CUFF (kuf), «. Stroke with the open hand; box. 

CUFF (kuf), n. 1. End of the sleeve near the 
wrist. 2. Linen band worn over the 
wrist-band of a shirt. 3. Handcuff. [Allied to 
COIF.] 

CUIRASS (kwe-ras'), n. Defensive covering for 
the breast and back, of leather or iron fastened 
with straps and buckles. [Fr. cuirasse; from 
cuier, leather.] 

CUIRASSIER (kwe-ra-ser'), w. Knight or 
mounted soldier wearing a cuirass. 

CUISH (kwish), n. Armor for the thighs. IFr. 
cuisse, thigh.] 

CUISINE (kwe-zen'), n. 1. Kitchen or cooking 
department. 2. Style of cooking; cookery. 
[Fr., from L. coquina; from coquo, cook.] 

CUL-DE-SAC (kul-de-sak'), n. [pi. CULS-DE- 
SAC(kiilz-de-sak').] 1. Street or passage closed 
at one end; blind alley. 2. Mil. Situation 
with no retreat in flank or rear. 3. Anat. and 
Zool. Natural cavity, bag, or vessel open only 
at one end. [Fr., from cul, bottom, and sac, 
sack.] 

CULEX (ku'leks), n. Entom. 1. Typical genus 
of Culicidm or gnats. 2. [c-] Insect of this 
genus. [L. culex, gnat.] 

CULINARY (ku'li-na-ri), a. Pertaining to the 
kitchen or to cookery; used in the kitchen. 
[L. culinarius; from culina, kitchen.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



CULL 



315 



CUMULATIVE 



CULL (kul), vt. [pr.p. CULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CULLED (kuld).] Select; pick out. [Fr. cueillir, 
gather.] 

CULLENDER (kul'en-der), n. Same as COL- 
ANDER. 

CULLER (kul'er), n. One who culls, picks or 
chooses. 

CULLING (kul'ing), n. 1. Act of picking or 
choosing. 2. That which is picked or se- 
lected. 3. [pi.] Refuse or rejected portion. 

CULLIS (kul'is), n. 1. Gutter in a roof. 2. 
Groove, as for a side-scene in a theater. [Fr. 
coulisse.] 

CULLY (kul'i), n. [pi. CUL'LIES.] 1. Fellow. 

2. Mean dupe. [O. Fr. couillon, dupe.] 
CULLY (kul'i), vt. [pr.p. CUL'LYING; p.U and 

p.p. CUL'LIED.] Deceive meanly. 

CULM (kulm), n. Bot. Stalk or stem of grain 
or of grasses. [L. culmus, stalk.] 

CULM (kulm), n. Mining. 1. Anthracite coal- 
dust. 2. Inferior grade of anthracite coal. 
[Wei. cwlm, knot.] 

CULMEN (kul'men), n. 1. Highest point. 2. 
Zool. Median lengthwise ridge of a bird's 
upper mandible. [L., summit.] 

CULMINATE (kul'mi-nat), vi. [pr.p. CULMI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. CUL'MINATED.l 1. 
Reach the highest point or degree. 2. 
Astron. Be vertical or at the highest point of 
altitude. 3. Eventuate; result. [L.L. cul- 
tninatus, p.p. of culmino, culminate; from 
L. culmen, summit.] 

CULMINATION (kul-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
culminating. 2. Highest point or degree. 

3. Astron. Transit of a body across the me- 
ridian or highest point for the day. 

CULPABILITY (kul-pa-bil'i-ti), n. Liability to 
blame; culpableness. 

CULPABLE (kul'pa-bl), a. Deserving of censure 
or blame; faulty; criminal. [O. Fr. coupable; 
from L. culpabilis; from culpa, fault.] 

CULPABLENESS (kul'pa-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being culpable. 

CULPABLY (kul'pa-bli), adv. In a culpable 
manner. 

CULPRIT (kul'prit), n. 1. One in fault; crimi- 
nal. 2. Eng. Law. Prisoner accused but not 
yet tried. [L. L. culpatus, the accused; from 
L. culpo, accuse.] 

SYN. Offender; delinquent; malefactor; 
convict. ANT. Example; pattern; model; 
hero; saint. 

CULT (kult), n. 1. System of religious belief. 2. 
Homage; worship. [L. cultus, worship.] 

CULTIVABLE (kul'ti-va-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing cultivated. 

CULTIVATE (kul'ti-vat), vt. [pr.p. CULTI- 
VATING; p.t. and p.p. CULTIVATED.] 1. 
Till or produce by tillage. 2. Prepare for crops. 

3. Develop or improve by attention and study. 

4. Devote attention to. 5. Cherish; foster; 
endeavor to get the good will of. [L. L. culti- 
vatus, p.p. of cultlvo, till.] 




CULTIVATION (kul-ti-va'shun), n. 1. Act or 
practice of cultivating. 2. State or condition 
of being cultivated; refinement; culture. 

CULTIVATOR (kul'ti-va-tur), n. 1. One who 
cultivates, in any sense. 2. Agricultural 
implement for cultivating standing crops; 
improved form of harrow. 

CULTRATE (kul'trat), a. Shaped like a pru- 
ning knife. [L. cultratus; from culter, knife.] 

CULTURAL (kul'tu-ral), a. Of or pertaining to 
culture. 

CULTURE (kul'tur), n. 1. Act or process of 
cultivation or tillage; husbandry; farming. 2. 
Cultivation or improvement of the mental or 
physical powers. 3. Result of cultivation; 
refinement; enlightenment. 4. Biol. Process 
of, medium used in, or product arising from, 
the development and multiplication of bacteria. 
[L. cultura; from cultus, p.p. of colo, cultivate.] 

CULTURE (kul'tur), vt. [pr.p. CUL'TURING; 
p.t. and p.p. CULTURED (kul'turd).] Cul- 
tivate; improve; educate; refine. 

CULVERIN (kul'ver-in), n. Cannon of the 16th 
century, from 9 to 12 feet long, and carrying 
18-pound round shot. [Fr. couleuvrine; from 
couleuvre, serpent.] 

CULVERT (kul'- 
vert), n. Arched 
channel of ma- 
sonry for carrying 
water beneath a 
road, railway, etc. Culvert 

[O. Fr. coulouere, channel.] 

CUMBER (kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. CUMBERING; 
p.t. and p.p. CUMBERED (kum'berd).] Burden 
or hinder with something useless; retard; 
trouble. [0. Fr. combrer, hinder; from L. L. 
cumbrus, heap; from L. cumulus, heap.] 

CUMBER (kum'ber), n. Encumbrance; trouble; 
vexation. 

Cumberland (kum'ber-iand) River, in 

Kentucky and Tennessee, tributary of the Ohio. 

CUMBERSOME (kum'ber-sum), a. Unwieldy; 
heavy; burdensome. 

CUMBROUS (kum'brus), a. Hindering; ob- 
structing; heavy. 

CUMIN, CUMMIN (kum'in),n. Bot. Umbellif- 
erous plant, the Cuminum Cyminum, val- 
uable as a carminative. [L. cuminum; from 
Gr. kyminon, cog. with Heb. kammon.] 

CUMSHAW (kum'sha), n. Gratuity, present or 
tip in China. [Anglo-Chinese.] 

CUMULATE (ku'mu-lat), vt. [pr.p. CUMU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. CUMULATED.] Heap 
together; accumulate. [L. cumulatus, p.p. 
of cumulo, heap up; from cumulus, heap.] 

CUMULATION (ku-mu-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
heaping up or together. 2. Accumulation or 
heap. 

CUMULATIVE (ku'mu-la-tiv), a. 1. Consisting 
of parts heaped up. 2. Increasing by succes- 
sive additions; augmenting the same point, as 
cumulative evidence. 



fate, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



CUMULOSE 



r3i6 



CURATE 



CUMULOSE (ku'mu-los), a. Full of heaps. 

CUMULO-STRATUS ( ku'mu-16-stra-tus ), n. 
Cloud looking like a combination of the 
cumulus and stratus. [L. cumulus, heap, and 
STRATUS.] 

CUMULUS (ku'mu-lus), n. [pi. CUMULI (ku'mu- 
II).] Kind of cloud common in summer, con- 
sisting of rounded heaps with a darker horizon- 
tal base. [L., heap.] 

CUNEAL (ku'ne-al), a. Of or pertaining to a 
wedge. [L. cuneus, wedge.] 

CUNEATE (ku'ne-at), a. Wedge-shaped. 

CUNEIFORM (ku-ne'i-farm), CUNIFORM (ku- 
nl-farm), a. Wedge-shaped — specially applied 
to the old Rabylonian and Assyrian writing, 
of which the characters have a wedge-shape. 
[L. cuneus, wedge.] 

CUNNER (kun'er), n. Small fish, commonly 
called blue perch, of the north Atlantic coast 
of the U. S. [Etym. unknown.] 

CUNXING (kun'ing), a. 1. Formerly, skillful; 
dexterous; knowing. 2. Artful; crafty; sly; 
shrewd; designing. 3. Made or wrought with 
skill or art. 4. Amusing; interesting; pre- 
cocious; roguish. [A. S. cunnan, know.] 
SYN. See CRAFTY. 

CUNNING (kun'ing), n. 1. Craft; artifice; 
shrewdness. 2. Skill. 

CUNNINGLY (kun'ing-li), adv. In a cunning 
manner. 

€UNNINGNESS (kun'ing-nes), n. Quality of 
being cunning. 

CUP (kup), n. 1. Small vessel used to drink 
from. 2. Contents of a cup; cupful. 3. Cup- 
like vessel offered as a prize. 4. Anything 
shaped like a cup, as cup of a flower, cup of 
an acorn, etc. 5. Portion or lot which one 
has to endure or enjoy. 6. Cupping-glass. 7. 
[pi.] Indulgence in intoxicating drinks; drink- 
ing, as "in one's cwps." [A. S. cuppe; from L. 
cupa, cuppa, tub.] 

CUP (kup), v. [pr.p. CUP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
CUPPED (kupt).] I. vt. 1. Supply with cups of 
liquor. 2. Make concave, like a cup. 3. Rleed 
by means of a cupping-glass. II. vi. 1. Be- 
come cup-shaped. 2. Practice cupping, or 
bleeding with a cupping-glass. 

CUP-BEARER (kup'bar-er), n. One who at- 
tends at a feast to pour out and hand the wine. 

CUPBOARD (kub'urd), n. Cabinet or closet for 
keeping dishes, eatables, etc. [CUP and 
BOARD.] 

CUPEL (ku'pel), n. Small vessel used by gold- 
smiths in assaying precious metals. [L.L. 
cupella, dim. of cupa, cup.] 

CUPELLATION (ku-pel-la'shun), n. Process of 
assaying precious metals. 

CUPFUL (kup'fol), n. [pi. CUP'FULS.] Quantity 
which a cup will hold. 

CUPID (ku'pid), n. Roman Myth. God of love, 
son of Mars and Venus. [L. Cupido; from 
cupido, passion; from cupio, desire.] 

CUPIDITY ( ku-pid'i-ti ), n. Covetousness; 



avarice. [L. cupiditas; from cupio, desire, 
long for.] 

CUPOLA (ku'po-la), n. 1. Arch. Dome. 2. 
Internal part of a dome. 3. Any structure 
rising above the roof of a building, as a tower 
or lantern. 4. Shot-proof turret on a warship. 
5. Shaft-furnace of a foundry. [It.; from L. 
cupa, tub.] 

CUPPING (kup'ing), n. Application of a cup- 
ping-glass to the skin with the view of attract- 
ing blood to the part, and, if necessary, ab- 
stracting it. 

CUPPING-GLASS ( kup'ing-glas ), n. Cup-like 
vessel from which the air is partially ex- 
pelled, applied to the skin in cupping. 

CUPREOUS (ku'pre-us), a. Of or containing 
copper. [L. cupreus; from cuprum, copper.] 

CUPRIC (ku'prik), a. Cupreous. 

CUPRIFEROUS (ku-prif'er-us), a. Producing 
copper. [L. cuprum, copper, and fero, bear.] 

CUPRITE (ku'prit), n. Chem. Red oxide of 
copper; red copper ore. [L. cuprum, copper, 
and -ITE.] 

CUPROUS (ku'prus), a. Having a considerable 
quantity of copper in its composition. 

CUPRUM (ku'prum), n. Chem. Copper. [L.] 

CUPULE (ku'pul), n. 1. Cup-like body of any 
kind. 2. Bol. Kind of inflorescence consisting 
of a cup formed by bracts cohering by their 
bases. [L. cupula, dim. of cupa, tub.] 

CUR (kur), n. 1. Worthless dog, of low breed. 
2. Churlish fellow. [Sw. dial, kurre, dog.] 

CURABILITY (kur-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of be- 
ing curable. 

CURABLE (kur'a-bl), a. Capable of being cured. 

CURABLENESS (kur'a-bl-nes), n. Curability. 

CURABLY (kur'a-bli), adv. In a curable man- 
ner. 

CURACAO (ko-ra-sa'6), «. Island, Dutch W. 
Indies, 75 miles from Venezuela. 

CURACAO (ko-ra-sa'6), n. Cordial made of dis- 
tilled spirits, flavored with orange-peel and 
spices. [From the island of Curasao, West 
Indies.] 

CURACOA (ko-ra-sow'), n. Common but erro- 
neous spelling for CURACAO. 

CURACY (ku'ra-si), n. [pi. CU'RACIES.] Office, 
employment, or benefice of a curate. 

CURARI(ko-ra're), 
n. Resin from a 
South American 
tree, used by the 
natives as an ar- 
row poison. [Na- 
tive name.] 

CURASSOW (ko- 

ras'6), n. Large- (\^W^ 
crested gallina- ^t);\ 
ceousbird of trop- 
ical South Amer- 
ica. [Native 
name.] 

CURATE (ku'rat), n 




Curassow. 
Inferior clergyman In the 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rait; note, not, move, wolf; mute hut burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



CURATIVE 



317 



CURRANT 



Church of England, assisting a rector or vicar. 
[L.L. curatus; from L. cura, care.] 

CURATIVE (kur'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Relating to the 
curing or healing of diseases* 2, Tending to 
cure. II. n. Remedy; cure. 

CURATOR (ku-ra'tur), n. 1. Person who has 
the charge of anything, as of a public library, 
museum, etc. 2, Sc. Law, Guardian. [L. 
curator* overseer; from euro, care for.] 

CURB (kiirb), vt. [pr. p. CURB'ING; pt. and p.p. 
CURBED (kiirbd).] 1. Bend to one's will. 2. 
Restrain or check. 3. Control or guide with a 
curb. 4. Furnish with or piotect by a curb. 
[O. Fr. curber; from L. curveo, bend.] 

CURB (kurb), n. 1. That which curbs; check or 
hindrance. 2. Chain or strap attached to the 
bit of a bridle for restraining the horse; the bit 
Itself. 3. Curbstone. 4. Framework or casing 
around the top of a well; any similar frame- 
work or casing. 

CURBABLE (kurb'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
curbed or restrained. 

CURB-BIT (kurb'bit), n. Stiff bit for con- 
trolling a fractious horse. 

CURBING (kfirb'lng), n. Edge stones of a road- 
way. 

CURB-ROOF (kurb'rdf), n. Roof whose upper 
rafters have a less inclination than the lower 
on'ss. 

CURBSTONE (kurb'ston), n. Stone laid along 
the edge of a roadway as a protection to the 
material of the road. 

CURCULIO (kur-ku'li-6), n. Entom. Fruit- 
weevil. [L.] 

CURCUMIN (kur'ku-min), n. Yellow dye ob- 
tained from tumerlc-root. [Hind.] 

CURD (kurd), n. Milk thickened or coagulated; 
cheese part of milk, as distinguished from the 
whey. [Ir. cruth.] 

CURDINESS (kiird'1-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being curdy or curdled. 

CURDLE (kurd'l), v. [pr.p. CURD'LING; p.U 
and p.p. CURDLED (kurd'ld).] I. vt. Cause 
to congeal or thicken into curd. II. vi. 
Congeal; become curdled. [Freq. of CURD.] 

CURDLY (kurd'li), CURDY (kurd'l), a. Like or 
full of curd. 

CURE (kur), n, 1. Act of healing. 2. That 
which cures; remedy. 3. Course of remedial 
treatment. 4. State of being cured, healed, or 
restored to health. 5. Care of souls or spiritual 
charge; curacy. [O. Fr. cure; from L. cura t 
recovery as a result of care.] 

CURE (kur), v. [pr.p. CUR'ING; p.U and p.p. 
CURED (kurd).] I. vt. 1. Restore to health; 
heal. 2. Remedy; correct. 3. Preserve, as by 
drying, salting, etc. II. vi. Become cured. 
[L. euro* care for, cure.] 

CURE (ku-ra'), n. Parish priest in France. [Fr., 
curate.] 

CURFEW (kur'fu), n. 1. Feudal Law, Bell rung 
every evening as a signal to the people to ex- 
tinguish all fires and retire to rest. 3. Bell 



rung in observance of any similar custom. 
[O. Fr. couvrefeu; from couvrir, cover, and feu, 
Are.] 

CURIA (ku'ri-a), n, [pi. CU'RLE.] 1. One of the 
ten divisions of a Roman tribe. 2, Building 
in which the Roman senate met. 3. Court of 
the papal see. [L.] 

CURIO (ku'rl-6), n. [pi. CURIOS (ku'ri-dz).] 
Any article of virtu or bric-a-brac, or any- 
thing considered rare and curious. [Abbr. of 
CURIOSITY.] 

CURIOSITY (ku-ri-os'i-ti), n. [pi, CURIOS'- 
ITIES.] 1. State or quality of being curious. 
2. That which is curious; any rare or unusual 
object. [Fr. curiositi; from L. curiositas, from 
curlosus, curious.] 

SYN. Inquisitlveness; Interest; rarity; 
novelty; oddity; marvel; monstrosity. ANT. 
Indifference; disregard. 

CURIOUS (ku'ri-us), a, 1. Anxious to learn; 
Inquisitive; prying. 2, Extraordinary; re- 
markable; strange. 3. Formerly, made or 
done with care and skill. [L. curiosus; from 
cura, care. 

SYN. Inquiring; peering; rare; queer; 
unusual; unique; odd. ANT. Indifferent; 
incurious; trite; common. 

CURIOUSLY (ku'ri-us-li), adv. In a curious or 
strange manner. 

CURIOUSNESS (ku'ri-us-nes), n. Curiosity. 

CURL (kurl), n. 1. Ringlet of hair, or some- 
thing of a similar form. 2. Undulation; wave; 
twist. 3. Disease of plants, in which the 
leaves look curled and shrunk up. [Dut. 
krul.] 

CURL (kurl), v, [pr.p, CURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CURLED (kurld).] I. vt. 1. Twist into curls or 
ringlets. 2. Coil; twine; twist. 3. Bend or 
curve. 4. Cause to rise in undulations or rip- 
ples. 5. Adorn with ringlets or curls. II. vi. 1. 
Become curled. 2. Play at the game of curling. 

CURLER (kurl'er), n. One who or that which 
curls. 

CURLEW (kur'lu), n. 
Wading bird having 
very long slender 
bill and legs, and a 
short tail. [O. Fr. 
corlieu.] 

CURLICUE (ktirl'i- 
ku), n. Fantastic 
curl; ornamental 
flourish. 

CURLINESS (kurl'i-nes), w. State or quality of 
being curly. 

CURLING (kurl'ing), n. Game common in Scot- 
land, consisting in hurling heavy smooth 
stones along a sheet of ice. 

CURLY (kurl'i), a, 1. Having curls. 2, Inclined 
to curl. 

CURMUDGEON (kur-muj'un), n. Avaricious, 
ill-natured fellow; miser. [Etym. doubtful.] 

CURRANT (kur'ant), n. 1. Fruit of various 




Curlew (Numenius 
longirostris) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CURRENCY 



318 



CURTSY 



species of the genus Ribes, the Ribes rubrum 
being the well-known garden berry commonly 
called red currant; also the shrubby bush pro- 
ducing the fruit. 2. Kind of small raisin or 
dried grape. [From Corinth.] 
CURRENCY (kur en-si), n. [pi. CURRENCIES. 3 

1. Circulation. 2. That which circulates, as 
the money of a country. 3. General estima- 
tion. [See CURRENT.] 

CURRENT (kur'ent), a. 1. Running or flowing. 

2. Passing from person to person. 3. Gen- 
erally received. 4. Now passing; present. [L. 
currens, pr.p. of curro, run.] 

CURRENT (kur'ent), n. 1. Stream. 2. Portion 
of water, air, etc., moving in a certain direc- 
tion. 3. Course, movement, or progression. 
4. General or main course, direction, or in- 
clination. 

CURRENTLY (kur'ent-li), adv. Commonly; 
popularly; generally. 

CURRENTNESS (kur'ent-nes), n. State or 
quality of being current. 

CURRICLE (kur'i-kl), n. Two-wheeled open 
chaise, drawn by two horses abreast; chariot. 
[L. curriculum, race; from curro, run.] 

CURRICULUM (kur-rik'u-lum), n. Course, 
especially a prescribed course of studies. [L. 
curriculum, race-course.] 

CURRIER (kur'i-er), n. One who curries tanned 
leather. 

CURRISH (kur'ish), a. Having the qualities or 
characteristics of a cur; churlish. 

CURRISHLY (kfir'ish-li), adv. In a currish 
manner. 

CURRISHNESS (kflr'ish-nes), n. Quality of 
being currish. 

CURRY (kur'i), n. [pi. CUR'RIES.] 1. Kind of 
sauce or seasoning, compounded of saffron, 
turmeric, pepper, ginger, and other spices. 
2. Dish prepared with curry. [Tamil kari, 
sauce.] 

CURRY (kur'i), vt. [pr.p. CUR'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. CURRIED (kur'id).] 1. Dress (leather). 

2. Rub down and dress with a curry-comb, as 
a horse. — Curry favor, seek favor by flattery. 
[Fr. courroyer, dress cloth.] 

CURRY-COME (kur'i-kom), n. Iron comb for 
currying horses. 

CURSAL (kur 'sal), a. Pertaining to a regimen 
or course. [L. L. cursalis — L. cursus, course.] 

•URSE (kurs), n. 1. Imprecation of evil; male- 
diction. 2. Profane oath. 3. Sentence of 
divine vengeance. 4. Source of evil or calamity. 
[A. S. curs, curse.] 

SYN. Malediction; denunciation; execra- 
tion; anathema; plague; scourge; torment; 
affliction; blight; ANT. Rlessing; benedic- 
tion. 

CURSE (kurs), v. [pr.p. CURS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
CURSED (kiirst) or CURST.] I. vt. 1. Imprecate 
or wish evil to. 2. Rring a curse upon; blast. 

3. Be the source of evil to; cause great sorrow 
to. 4. Use profanity towards; swear at. II. vi. 



1. Utter imprecations. 2. Use profane lan- 
guage; swear. 

CURSED (kiirs'ed), a. 1. Under, or blasted by, a 
curse. 2. Deserving of a curse; damnable; 
accursed. 3. Vexatious; troublesome. 

CURSEDLY (kiirs'ed-li), adv. In a cursed man- 
ner. 

CURSEDNESS (kurs'ed-nes), n. 1. State of be- 
ing under a curse. 2. Wickedness; sinfulness. 

CURSER (kurs'er), n. 1. One who curses or 
execrates. 2. Blasphemer. 

CURSIVE (kiir'siv), I. a. Running; flowing; 
written in a running hand. II. n. Cursive 
writing. [L.L. cursivus; from L. curro, run.] 

CURSOR (kur 'stir), n. Part of a mathematical 
instrument which slides on the main portion. 
[L., runner.] 

CURSORES (ktir-sd'rez), n.pl. Zool. Order of 
birds characterized by wings ill-suited for 
flight, on the other hand, by feet admirably 
adapted for running. [L., pi. of cursor, runner.] 

CURSORIAL (kur-so'ri-al), a. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to the order Cursores. 2. Adapted for 
running. 

CURSORILY (kur'so-ri-li), adv. In a cursory 
manner; hastily. 

CURSORINESS (kur'so-ri-nes), n. Quality of 
being cursory. 

CURSORY (kfir'so-ri), a. Hasty; careless; su- 
perficial. [L.L. cursorius; from L. cursor, 
runner.] 

CURST (kfirst), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of CURSE. 

CURT (ktirt), a. 1. Short; concise. 2. Dis- 
courteously brief; as a curt reply. [L. curtus, 
shortened.] 

CURTAIL (kfir'tal), CURTAILED (kur-tald'), a. 
Havingthe tail docked,as ^curtail dog or horse. 

CURTAIL (kur-tal'), vt. [pr.p. CURTAII/ING; 
p.t. and p.p. CURTAILED (kur-tald').] 1. Cut 
short. 2. Cut off a part of ; abbreviate ; abridge. 
3. Reduce; cut down. [O. Fr. courtault, cur- 
tall; from L. curtus, docked.] 

CURTAILMENT (kur-tal 'ment), n. Act of cur- 
tailing or state of being curtailed. 

CURTAIN (kur'tin), n. 1. Drapery or hanging 
screen, for a bed, window, stage of a theater, 
etc. 2. Screen or protection. 3. Fort. Part 
of a rampart between two bastions. — Curtain 
lecture, lectures or reproof given in bed by 
a wife to her husband. — Behind the curtain, 
away from public view. [O. Fr. curtine; from 
L.L. cortina, inclosure.] 

CURTAIN (kur'tin), vt. [pr.p. CUR'TAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. CURTAINED (kur'tind).] 1. 
Furnish with curtains. 2. Inclose or conceal 
with curtains, or as with curtains. 

CURTLY (kurt'li), adv. In a curt manner. 

CURTNESS (kurt'nes), n. Quality of being curt. 

CURTSY (kiirt'si), n. [pi. CURT'SIES.] Gesture 
of salutation on the part of a woman, made 
by slightly bending the body and the knees. 
[Originally the same word as COURTESY.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, £A«n, kh=c:i iu Scotch loch. 



CURTSY 



319 



CUSTOMABLE 



CURTSY (kurt'si), v. [pr.p. CURT'SYING; p.t. 
and p.p. CURTSIED (kurt'sid).] I. vt. Salute 
by making a curtsy. II. vi. Make a curtsy. 
[See COURTESY.] 

CURULE (ku'rol), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a 
chariot. 2. Applied to a chair in which only 
the higher Roman magistrates had a right to 
sit. It was made of ivory, and in form was 
somewhat like a modern camp-stool. [L. 
curulis; from currus, chariot.] 

CURVATE (kiirv'at), CURVATED (kurv'a-ted), 
a. Curved or bent in a regular form. [L. cur- 
vatus, p.p. of curvo, bend.] 

CURVATION (kur-va'shun), n. Act of curving 
or state of being curved. 

CURVATURE (kurv'a-tur), n. 1. Act of curving 
or bending. 2. State of being curved or bent. 
3. Curve; bend; sweep. [L. curvus, bent.] 

CURVE (kurv), I. a. Bent or crooked in a regu- 
lar manner and without angles. II. n. 1. A 
bending without angles. 2. Bend in a railway, 
canal, etc. 3. Arch; arc; bow. 4. Any regular 
deviation or turn from a direct course without 
forming an angle. 5. Geom. Line which, 
running on continually and gradually in all 
directions, may be cut by a right line in more 
points than one. [L. curvus, bent.] 

CURVE (kurv), v. [pr.p. CURVING; p.t. and 
p.p. CURVED (kurvd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to take 
the form of a curve. 2. Cause to move in a 
curved course. II. vi. 1. Take the form of a 
curve. 2. Move in a curved course. [L. curvo; 
from curvus, bent.] 

CURVET (kur'vet), n. Light leap of a horse in 
which he raises his fore legs together, next the 
hind legs with a spring before the fore legs 
touch the ground. [It. corvetta.] 

CURVET (kur'vet), v. [pr.p. CUR'VETING; p.t. 
and p.p. CUR'VETED.] I. vt. Cause to per- 
form a curvet or curvets. II. vi. 1. Perform 
a curvet; leap in curvets. 2. Cavort; frolic; 
frisk; prance. 

CURVIFORM (ktirv'i-farm), a. Having a 
curved or bent form. 

CURVILINEAR (kurv-i-lin'e-ar), CURVILINE- 
AL (kurv-i-Iin'e-al), a. Formed or bounded by 
curved lines. [L. curvus, curved, and linearis, 
linear.] 

CURVIROSTRAL ( kurv-i-ros'tral ), a. Zool. 
Having the bill curved downward. [L. curvus, 
bent, and rostrum, beak.] 

CURVITT (kurv'i-ti), n. State of being curved. 

CUSHAT (kosh'at), n. Ringdove, Columba 
palumbus. See RINGDOVE. [A. S. ctiscote.] 

CUSHION (kosh'un), n. 1. Flexible case filled 
with soft, elastic stuff, used for sitting or re- 
clining on. 2. Engraver's pad. 3. Rubber 
of an electric machine. 4. Elastic lining of 
the inner sides of a billiard table. 5. Body 
of steam remaining in the cylinder of a steam 
engine, acting as a buffer to the piston. [O. 
Fr. coissin; from L. culcita, pillow.] 

CUSHION (kosh'un), vt. [pr.p. CUSHIONING; 




p.t. and p.p. CUSHIONED (kosh'und).] 1. 
Furnish or fit with a cushion or cushions. 2. 
Seat or place on a cushion. 3. Billiards. 
Place or leave (a ball) close up to the cushion. 

CUSHIONY (kosh'un-i), a. Like a cushion; soft. 

CUSK (kusk), n. Cod-like marine fish; burbot. 

CUSP (kusp), n. 1. 
Prominence or 
point, as of a ca- 
nine tooth. 2. 
Astron. Horn of 
the crescent moon. 
3. Arch. Small pro- 
jecting ornament 
common in Gothic 
tracery. 4. Math. ° Usp ' 

Point in a curve at which its two branches 
have a common tangent. [L. cuspis, point.] 

CUSPID (kus'pid), n. Anat. Canine tooth. 

CUSPIDATE (kus'pi-dat), CUSPIDATED (kus'- 
pi-da-ted), a. Having a cusp, or sharp point, 
as a canine tooth. 

CUSPIDOR (kus'pi-dor or kus'pi-dar), n. Spit- 
toon. [Pg. ; from cuspir, spit.] 

CUSSEDNESS (kus'ed-nes), n. Contrariness: 
meanness. (Colloq.) 

CUSTARD (kus'tard), n. Composition of mill: 
eggs, etc., sweetened and flavored, and eithei 
baked or boiled. [O. Fr. croustade, pie with ? 
crust.] 

CUSTARD-AP- 
PLE (kus'tard- 
ap-1), n. Fruit 
of a West Indian 
plant, the Anona 
reticulata, hav- 
ing a soft cus- 
tard-like pulp. 

CUSTODIAL (kus- 
to'di-al), a. Per- 
taining to cus- 
tody or guar- 
dianship. 

CUSTODIAN (kus- 

to'di-an),n. One Custard Apple. 

having care or custody of any person or thing, 
especially of some public building; curator; 
keeper; guardian. [See CUSTODY.] 

CUSTODY (kus'to-di), n. 1. Charge; care; 
keeping; guardianship. 2. State of being kept 
in restraint; imprisonment. [L. custodia, 
guard; from custos, custodis, keeper.] 

CUSTOM (kus'tum), n. 1. Established mode; 
common usage. 2. Familiarity; habit. 3. 
Steady trade; business patronage. 4. [pi.] 
Duties imposed on imports and exports. [O. 
Fr. custume.] 

SYN. Usage; practice; fashion; mode; 
habit; manner; way; form; observance; 
formality; business; support; patronage. 
ANT. Disuse; desuetude; non-observance. 

CUSTOMABLE (kus'tum-a-bl), a. Subject or 
liable to the payment of customs; dutiable. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



CUSTOMARILY 



320 



CUTTLEBONE 



CUSTOMARILY (kus'tum-a-ri-li), adv. In the 
customary manner. 

CUSTOMARY (kus'tum-a-ri), a. According to 
use and wont. 

CUSTOMER (kus'tum-er), n. 1. Regular pur- 
chaser. 2. Buyer; purchaser. 3. Fellow one 
has to deal with; as, an ugly customer. 
(Colloq.) 

CUSTOM-HOUSE ( kus'tum-hows ), n. Place 
where customs or duties on exports and im- 
ports are collected. 

CUT (kut), v. [pr.p. CUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
CUT.] I. vt. 1. Make an incision in. 2. 
Cleave or pass through; divide. 3. Carve, 
hew, or fashion hy cutting. 4. Mow or reap. 
5. Form hy excavating; excavate. 6. Pierce 
or wound deeply. 7. Shorten. 8. Grind in 
facets. 9. Castrate. 10. Renounce; give up. 
11. Pass intentionally without saluting or 
recognizing. 12. Intersect. 13. Lower or 
cheapen. II. vi. 1. Make an incision. 2. Go 
quickly; pass. 3. Runaway; he off. (Colloq.) 
4. Be adapted for cutting. 5. Admit of being 
cut. 6. Divide a pack of cards. — Cut a dash, 
make a conspicuous appearance. — Cut 
teeth, have teeth grow through the gums, as 
Infants. — Cut up. 1. Carve. 2. Eradicate; 
eliminate. 3. Criticise severely. 4. Misbe- 
have. 5. Be playful and jolly. [Gael, cutaich, 
shorten; from cutach, short, docked.] 

CUT (kut), I. a. 1. Gashed or hacked. 2. 
Severed, as cut flowers. 3. Reduced, as cut 
prices, cut rates, etc. 4. Having facets cut or 
ground smooth, as cut glass. 5. Produced or 
formed by cutting, as cut wood, cut stone, etc. 
II. n. 1. Opening, cleft, gash, or wound, made 
by an edged instrument. 2. Stroke or blow, 
as with a whip. 3. Channel made by cutting 
or digging. 4. Piece cut off. 5. Near passage 
by which an angle is cut off. 6. Picture cut 
or carved on wood or metal. 7. Stamp on 
which a picture is carved, and by which it is 
impressed. 8. The impression. 9. Act of 
dividing a pack of cards. 10. Shape in which 
a thing is cut. 11. Act of ignoring or slight- 
ing an acquaintance. 12. Figure or style. — 
Cut and dried, arranged beforehand. 

CUTANEOUS (ku-ta'ne-us), a. Pertaining to 

the skin. [L. cutis, . 

skin.] 

CUTAWAY (kut'a-wa), 
n. Coat with the skirts 
rounded off. 

CUTCH (kuch),w. Gold- 
beater's skin. [East 
Indian.] 

CUT-COIN (kut'koin), 
CUT-MONEY (kuf- 
mun-i), n. Section or 
cut portion of a "Car- 
olus" or Spanish dol- 
lar or peso, formerly used in Mexico, Cen- 




Cut-coins. 



tral and South America for small change. 



CUTE (kut), a. 1. Sharp; clever; cunning; win- 
ning. 2. Attractive. [Short for ACUTE.] 

CUTELY (kut'li), adv. In a cute manner. 

CUTENESS (kut'nes), n. Quality of being cute. 

CUTGRASS (kut'gras), n. Grass, the Lcersia 
orizoides, whose leaves are so rough as to cut 
the hands. 

CUTICLE (ku'ti-kl), n. 1. Anat. Outermost or 
thin skin; epidermis. 2. Bot. Thin external 
covering of the bark of a plant. 3. Any simi- 
lar skin. [ L. cuticula, dim. of cutis, skin.] 

CUTICULAR (ku-tik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to 
the cuticle. 

CUTIS (ku'tis), n. Anat. True skin as distin- 
guished from the cuticle. [L.] 

CUTLAS, CUTLASS (kut'las), n. Short, broad, 
sword, with one cutting edge, slightly curved. 
[Fr. coutelas; from L. cultellus, dim. of culter, 
knife.] 

CUTLER (kut'ler), n. One who makes or sells 
knives. [Fr. coutelier; from L. culter, knife.] 

CUTLERY ( kut'ler-i), n. 1. Business of a cut- 
ler. 2. Edged or cutting instruments in gen- 
eral. 

CUTLET (kut'let), n. Slice of meat cut off for 
cooking, especially of veal or mutton. [Fr. 
cotelette, dim. of cote; from L. costa, rib.] 

CUT-OFF (kut'af), n. 1. Shorter way of pas- 
sage. 2. Any device for cutting off flow, as a 
valve or gate. 

CUT-OUT (kut'owt), n. Elec. 1. Any device for 
cutting an electric source from a circuit, or 
from part of a circuit. 2. Safety fuse. 

CUTPURSE (kut'purs), n. Highway robber; 
pickpocket. 

CUTTER (kut'er), n. 
1. PersoH or thing 
that cuts. 2. In a 
tailor's shop, the 
one who measures 
and cuts out the 
cloth. 3. Naut. 
(1) Small vessel 
with one mast, a 
mainsail, a fore- 
staysail, and a jib 
set to bowsprit- 
end. (2) Any sloop 
of narrow beam 
and deep draft. (3) Small boat used by ships 
of war. (4) Small steam vessel used in the 
customs revenue service. 4. Light sleigh. 

CUTTHROAT (kut'throt), n. Murderous ruffian; 
assassin. 

CUTTING (kut'ing), I. a. 1. Sharp-edged; 
serving to cut. 2. Sarcastic; biting. 3. 
Underselling. II. n. 1. Act of dividing or 
lopping off. 2. Incision. 3. Piece cut off 
or out, as a twig, newspaper clipping, etc. 

CUTTLE (kut'l), n. 1. Cuttlefish. 2. Cuttle- 
bone. [A. S. cudele, cuttlefish.] 

CUTTLEBONE (kut'1-bSn), n. Internal shell or 
bone of the cuttlefish. 




Cutter. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



CUTTLEFISH 



321 



CYLINDRIC 




Cuttlefish. 



CUTTLEFISH (kut'1-flsh), n. Marine mollusk, 

remarkable for Its 

power of ejecting a 

black inky liquid, or 

sepia. It has an ob- 
long body, with long 

lateral fins, and ten 

arms, each with four 

rows of suckers. 
CUTWATER (kut'wa- 

ter), n. 1. Naut. Forepart of a ship's prow. 

2. Edge on the upstream side of a bridge pier. 
CUTWORM (kut'wurm), n. Small white grub 

that destroys young plants by cutting through 

the stem near the root. 
CTANATE (si'a-nat), n. Chem. Salt of cyanic 

acid. 
CYANIC (si-an'ik), a. Chem. 1. Of or pertaining 

to cyanogen. 2. Of or pertaining to blue. 

3. Bot. Of a series of colors, including all 
shades of blue. — Cyanic acid, acid composed 
of cyanogen and oxygen. 

CYANIDE (si'a-nid), n. Direct compound of 
cyanogen with a metal. 

CYANINE (si'a-nin), n. Blue coloring matter of 
violets, etc. 

CYANITE ( si'a-nit ), n. Min. Mineral com- 
posed of alumina and silica, generally sky- 
blue. 

CYANOGEN (si-an'o-jen), w. Chem. Compound 
of carbon, obtained by decomposing the cya- 
nide of mercury by heat, so called from being 
an essential ingredient in the formation of 
Prussian blue. [Gr. kyanos, blue, and 
-GEN.] 

CYANOMETER (sl-a-nom'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring the degrees of blueness 
of the sky or ocean. [Gr. kyanos, blue, and 
-METER.] 

CYANOSIS ( si-a-no'sis), n. Pathol. Blueness 
of the skin; blue jaundice. [Gr. kyanos, blue.] 

CYATHIFORM (si-ath'i-farm), a. Bot. Cup- 
shaped. [L. cyathus, cup, and forma, shape.] 

CYBELE (sib'e-le), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Heaven and Earth, also known as Rhea, wife 
of Cronos or Saturn. She was commonly 
called the "Great Mother of the Gods." 

CYCLE (si'kl), n. 1. Round or course of years. 

2. Imaginary circle or orbit in the heavens. 

3. Collection of legendary or traditional 
matter round some mythical or heroical char- 
acter or event. 4. Bicycle, tricycle, motor- 
cycle, etc. 5. Bot. Complete turn of a spire. 
6. Math. Loop, or closed path in a diagram. 
[Gr. kyklos, circle.] 

CYCLE (si'kl), vi. [pr.p. CY'CLING; p.t. and p.p. 
CYCLED (si'kld).] 1. , Move in cycles. 2. 
Ride or take exercise on a bicycle, tricycle, etc. 

CYCLER (si'kler), n. Same as CYCLIST. 

CYCLIC (sik'lik), CYCLICAL (sik'lik-al), a. Per- 
taining to or containing a cycle. 

CYCLING (si'kling), n. Sport or exercise of ri- 
ding a cycle; wheeling. 



CYCLIST (si'kllst), n. One who rides a bicycle, 
tricycle, motor-cycle, etc. 

CYCLO-, stem. Of a circle or wheel; circular. 
[Gr. kyklos, circle.] 

CYCLOGRAPH (si'klo-graf), n. Instrument for 
describing the arcs of circles that have too 
large a curvature for compasses. [Gr. kyklos, 
circle, and grapho, write.] 

CYCLOID (si'kloid), n. 1. Figure like a circle. 
2. Geom. Curve made by a point in a circle, 
when the circle is rolled along a straight line. 
[Gr. kyklos, circle, and eidos, form.] 

CYCLOID AL (si-kloi'dal), a. Pertaining to, or 
of the form of, a cycloid. 

CYCLOMETER (si-klom'e-ter), n. 1. Instru- 
ment for measuring circular arcs. 2. Device 
attached to the wheel of a cycle for registering 
the distance traversed. [Gr. kyklos, circle, 
and metron, measure.] 

CYCLOMETRY (si-klom'e-tri), n. Art or proc- 
ess of measuring circles. 

CYCLONE (si'klfin), n. Violent circular or ro- 
tatory storm. [Gr. kyklon, pr.p. of kykloO, 
whirl round; from kyklos, circle.] 

CYCLONIC (si-klon'ik), a. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a cyclone. 

CYCLOPEAN (sl-klo-pe'an), a. 1. Relating to or 
like the Cyclops, a fabled race of giants who 
lived chiefly in Sicily, having but one eye, 
which was in the middle of the forehead. 2. 
Gigantic; vast; immense. 3. [c-] Having but 
one eye. 

CYCLOPEDIA, CYCLOPEDIA (sl-klo-pg'dl-a), 
n. 1. Circle of human knowledge. 2. Ency- 
clopedia; book of universal information. [Gr. 
kyklos, circle, and paideia, learning.] 

CYCLOPEDIC, CYCLOPEDIC(si-klo-pg'dik), a. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a cyclopedia. 

Cyclops (si'kiops), n. [pi. cyclopes (si'kio- 

pez).] One of the gigantic one-eyed work- 
men of Vulcan, who made Jove's thunder- 
bolts, and lived in a cave under Mt. Etna. 

CYCLORAMA (si-klo-ra'ma), n. Circular pan- 
orama painted on the inside of a cylindrical 
surface appearing in natural perspective. [Gr. 
kyklos, circle, and horama, view.] 

CYCLOSCOPE (si'klo-skop), n. Device for 
measuring velocity of revolving wheels or 
axles. [CYCLO- and -SCOPE.] 

CYCLOSIS (si-klo'sis), n. Bot. Circulation of 
fluids in plants. [L. L. — Gr. kyklosis, circu- 
lation.] 

CYGNET (sig'net), n. Young swan. [Fr. cygne, 
swan.] 

CYLINDER (sil'in-der), n. 1. Solid or hollow 
roller-like body, whose ends are equal parallel 
circles. 2. Chamber of a steam-engine, gas- 
engine, etc., in which the force of steam, gas, 
etc., is utilized upon the piston. 3. Mech. 
Hollow cylindrical part of a machine, as the 
cylindrical portion of a printing press. [Gr. 
kylindros; from kylindo, roll.] 

CYLINDRIC (si-lin'drik), CYLINDRICAL (si- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
h=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



CYLINDROID 



322 



CZECH 



» 




lln'drik-al), c. Having the form or properties 
of a cylinder. 

CYLINDROID (sil'in-droid), n. Body like a 
cylinder, but having its base elliptical. [Gr. 
kylindros, cylinder, and eidos, form.] 

CIMA (si'ma), n. [pi. CT'BM!.] 1. Arch. Mold- 
ing of the cornice; ogee. 2. Bot. Cyme. [Gr. 
kyma, billow.] 

CYMBAL (sim'bal), n. Hollow brass, basin-like, 
musical in- 
strument, 
pairs of 
which are 
beaten to- 
gether. [L. 
cymbalumt 
from Gr. 
kytnbalon; 
from kym- 
bos; hollow Cymbals. 

of a vessel.] 

CYMBIFORM (sim'bi-farm), a. Bot. Resem- 
bling a boat. 

CYME (sim), n. Bot. Any form of inflorescence 
which is definite or centrifugal. [L. cyma; 
from Gr. kyma, sprout.] 

CYMOID (si'moid), a. Having the form of a 
cyme. 

CYMOMETER (si-mom'e-ter), n. Elec. Instru- 
ment for measuring electrical oscillations in 
wireless telegraphy. [Gr. kyma, wave, and 
-METER.] 

CYMOSCOPE (si'mo-skop), n. Elec. Sensitive 
galvanometric resistance coil arranged to im- 
mediately detect the pressure of electric waves 
or currents in wireless telegraphy. 

CYMOSE (si'mos), a. Bot. Bearing, pertaining 
to, or like, a cyme. 

CYMRIC, KyMRIC (kim'rik), a. Welsh. [Wei. 
Cymru, Wales.] 

CYMRY, KYMRY (kim'ri), n.pl. The Welsh. 

CYNIC ( sin'ik), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to the 
Cynics. 2. [c-] Of or like a dog; surly; 
snarling. 3. [c-] Austere; misanthropic. 
II. n. 1. [C-] One of a sect of philosophers 
founded by Antisthenes of Athens (born 444 
B. C), characterized by an ostentatious con- 
tempt for riches, arts, etc. — so called from their 
morose manner. 2. [c-] Sneering, sarcastic, 
or surly person; misanthrope. [Gr. kynikos, 
dog-like; from kyon, kynos, dog.] 

CYNICISM (sin'i-sizm), n. Contempt for hu- 
man nature; misanthropy. 

CYNOSURE (sin'o-shor or si'no-shor), n. Ob- 
ject of general interest; anything that strongly 
attracts attention or admiration. [L. Cy- 
nosura, the Little Bear (the constellation con- 
taining the north star) ; from Gr. Kynosoura; 
from kyon, kynos, dog, and oura, tail.] 

CYNTHIA (sln'thi-a), n. Greek Myth. One of 
the many names given to Diana, goddess of 
the moon. 



CYNTHUS (sin thus), n. Greek Myth. A 
famed mountain in Delos supposed to be the 
abode of Apollo and Artemis. 

CYPARISSUS ( sip-a-ris'us ), n. Greek Myth. 
Son of Telephus who was metamorphosed 
into a stag by Apollo. 

CYPRESS (si'pres), n. 1. Evergreen tree whose 
branches were formerly carried at funerals. 2. 
Hence, a symbol of death. [O. Fr. cyprts; 
from Gr. kyparissos.] 

CYPRIAN (sip'ri-an), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the island of Cyprus, where Venus was 
worshiped. 2. Hence, abandoned; unchaste. 
II. n. 1. Native of Cyprus. 2. Abandoned 
woman. 

CYPRINE (sip'rin), a. Of or pertaining to the 
cypress. 

CYPRUS (sl'prus), n. Island in E. Mediterra- 
nean, belonging to England. 

CYST (sist), n. 1. Pathol. Sae in animal bodies 
containing morbid matter. 2. Bot. Recep- 
tacle for oil in the rind of the orange, etc. [Gr. 
kystis, bladder.] 

CYSTED (sist'ed), o. Contained or inclosed In 
a cyst; cystic. 

CYSTIC (sist'ik), a. Having the form of, or con- 
tained in, a cyst. 

CYSTITIS ( sis -ti 'tis), n. Pathol. Inflammation of 
the bladder. [Gr. kystis, bladder, and -ITIS.] 

CYSTOCELE (sis'to-sel), n. Pathol. Hernia 
formed by the protrusion of the bladder. [Gr. 
kystis, bladder, and kele, tumor.] 

CYSTOSCOPE (sis'to-skop), n. Surg. Instru- 
ment for viewing the interior of the bladder 
by electric illumination. [Gr. kystis, bladder, 
and skopeo, view.] 

CYSTOTOMY (sis-tot'o-mi), n. Surg. Operation 
of cutting intothebladdertoremoveextraneous 
matter. [Gr. kystis, ladder, and temno, cut.] 

CYTE (sit), n. Cell; usually in composition; as, 
leucocyte. [Gr. kytos, cavity — kyo, contain.] 

CYTOBLAST (sito-blast), n. Biol. Nucleus or 
germinal spot of a cellule, from which the or- 
ganic cell is developed. [Gr. kytos, vessel, 
and blastos, sprout.] 

C YTOGENESIS (si-to-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. Cell for- 
mation. [Gr. kytos, vessel, and genesis, origin.] 

CYTOLYSIS ( si-tol'i-sis), n. Cell disintegra- 
tion. [Gr. kytos, vessel, and lysis, loosening.] 

CZAR (zar), n. [fern. CZARINA (za-re'na).] 1. 
Emperor of Russia. 2. [c-] Absolute monarch. 
[Russ. tsare, king; conn, with Ger. kaiser; ult. 
from L. Cwsar, king or emperor.] 

Czarevitch (zare-vich), Czaro witch 

(zar'o-wich), n. Eldest son of the Czar. 

CzAREVNA (za-rev'na), n. Wife of the Czar- 
evitch. [Russ. tsarevna, princess.] 

l^ZARINA (za-re'na), n. Empress of Russia. 

CZECH (chek), n. 1. Member of the most west- 
erly branch of the Slavic family of races, the 
term including the Bohemians, or Czechs 
proper, the 3Ioravians, and the Slovaks. 2. 
Language of the Czechs. [Bohem.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



323 



DAFFODIL 





d (de),n. [pi, D's (dez).] Fourth 
letter in the English alphabet. 
Its sound approaches that of 
t, hut is vocalized, as in day, 
deed. The termination -ed, 
assumed by the past tense and 
past participle, after a non- 
vocal or surd consonant, 
takes the sound of *, as in 
pressed, fixed — pronounced prest, fixt. 

DAB (dab), v. [pr.p. DAB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
DABBED (dabd).] I. vt. 1. Strike gently with 
something soft or moist; smear. 2. Strike 
lightly with a pointed instrument; jab. II. vi. 
1. Use a dabber. 2. Peck, as birds. [Doublet of 
TAP.] 

DAB (dab), n. 1. Gentle 
blow; tap. 2. Peck or 
stroke from a bird's 
beak. 3. Small lump 
of anything moist or 
soft. 4. Species of 
flounder of light- D&b. 

brown color, with 
small dark spots and rough close-set scales. 

DAB (dab), n. Skillful person; adept; expert. 
[Corrup. of ADEPT.] 

DABBER (dab'er), n. Sort of pad for dabbing 
ink on engraved wood blocks or plates. 

DABBLE (dab'l), v, [pr.p. DAB'BLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DABBLED (dab 'Id).] I. vt. Spatter with 
moisture. II. vi. 1. Play in water with hands 
and feet. 2. Do anything in a trifling way; take 
up any pursuit superficially or slightly; trifle. 

DABBLER (dab'ler), n. One who dabbles. 

DAB CHICK (dab'chik), n. Small grebe-like 
water-fowl, named from its quick diving 
habits. [Literally, "dip-chick."] 

DABOIA, DABOYA (da-boi'a), n. Leopard viper, 
a poisonous serpent of East India. 

DABSTER (dab'ster), n. Expert or adept per- 
son; dab. 

DA CAPO (da ka'po). Music. From the be- 
ginning; term in music, frequently placed at 
the end of a movement, indicating that the 
performer must return to the beginning of 
the music — usually written D. C. [It.] 

DACE (das), n. Small river fish of the carp 
family, and of the same genus as the roach, 
chub, etc. [O. Fr. dars; from L. L. dardus. dart. J 

DaCELO (da-se'16), n. Zool. Genus of birds of 
the kingfisher family. See COCK-BIRD and 
LAUGHING- JACK ASS (Dacelo-gigas). 

DACHSHUND (daks'hont), n. Long-bodied and 
short-legged dog, sometimes called badger- 
dog. [Ger., badger-hound.] 

DACTYL (dak'til), n. 1. In Latin and Greek 
poetry, a foot of three syllables, one long fol- 
lowed by two short, so called from its likeness 
to the joints of a finger. 2. In English, a foot 
of three syllables, with the first accented, as 
mer'ri-ly, mo'tor-ing. [L. dactylus; from Gr. 
daktylos, finger.] 




Dactylopterus (flying 
gurnard) . 



DACTYLIC (dak-til'ik), a. Relating to or con- 
sisting chiefly of dactyls. 

DACTYLIOGLYPH ( dak-til 'i-o-glif ), DACTYL- 
IOGLYPHIST (dak-til-i-og'li-fist), n. One 
skilled in the cutting of and engraving on 
precious stones for seal and signet rings. 

DACTYLOLOGY ( dak-til-ol'o-ji), n. Art of 
talking with the fingers; chirology. [Gr. 
daktylos, finger, and suffix -LOGY.] 

DACTYLONOMY (dak-til-on'o-mi), n. Science 
of computing with the fingers. 

Dactylopterus 

(dak-til-op'ter-us), 
n. Genus of fishes 
in which the head 
is flattened, large 
and long; the body 
is covered with 
large scales, and 
the pectoral fins are very large. Dactylop- 
terus volitans is the flying gurnard. 

DAD (dad), DADDA (dad'a), DADDY (dad'i), n. 
Father; used chiefly by children. [Wei. tad, 
father; cogn. with O. L. tata, father.] 

DADDLE (dad'l), vi. [pr.p. DADDLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DADDLED (dad'ld).] Totter. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

DADDY-LONGLEGS (dad-i-lang'legz), n. Fa- 
miliar dipterous insect with long body, legs, 
and antennas. 

DADO (da'do), n. [pi. DADOES.] 1. In classical 
architecture, the cubic block forming the 
body of a pedestal. 2, Skirting of wood along 
the lower part of the walls of a room, often 
represented merely by wall-paper, painting, 
etc. [It.; from L. datum, something thrown 
{talus, a die, being understood).] 

DjED ALUS (ded'a-lus), n. Greek Myth. A great 
architect and sculptor; invented the wedge, 
the axe, the level, and the gimlet and was the 
first to use sails; he 
constructed the famous 
labyrinth of Crete; was 
confined there with his 
son, Icarus, but escaped 
with wings which he built. 

D^EaiON(de'mon),n. Spirit 
holding a middle place 
between gods and men, 
like the daemon or good 
spirit of Socrates. [L. daz- 
tnon; from Gr. daimon, a 
spirit, a genius, and later 
a devil. See DEMON.] 

DAEMONIC (de-mon'ik), 
a. Supernatural ; of pow- 
er or intelligence more 
than human. 

DAFFODIL (daf'o-dil), 
DAFFODOWNDILLY 
(daf'o-down-dil-i), DAF- 
FODILLY (daf'o-dil-i), n. Yellow flower of 
the lily tribe. [Gr. asphodelos, asphodel.] 




Daffodil (Narcissus 
poeticus). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl. 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then. kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



DAFT 



324 



DAMAR ALAND 



DAFT (daft), a. 1. Silly; weak-minded. 2. 
Unreasonably merry. [Ice. daufr, foolish.] 

DAGGER (dag'er), n. 1. Short two-edged and 
pointed weapon, for stabbing at close quarters. 
2. Print. Mark of reference [f]» the double 
dagger [J] being another. [Wei. dagr, dagger.] 

DAGGLE (dagl), v. [pr.p. DAGGLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DAGGLED (dag'ld).] I. vt. Drag or trail 
through mud or wet. II. vi. Become be- 
draggled. [Freq. of Sw. dagga, bedew.] 

DAGO (da'go), n. [pi. DAGOS (da'goz).] n. 
Opprobrious name applied to the lower class 
of the Latin race in the United States. [Corrup. 
of Sp. Diego.'] 

DAGOBA (dag'o-ba), n. In Ceylon, a dome-like 
structure of solid masonry, containing relics 
of a Buddhist saint. [Cingalese.] 

DAGUERREOTYPE (da-ger'o-tlp), n. 1. Method 
of taking, by means of a camera, photographic 
pictures on silver-coated metal plates, sen- 
sitized by exposure to fumes of iodine in a 
dark chamber. 2. Picture produced by this 
method. [Daguerre, the inventor, and TYPE.] 

DAHABEAH (da-ha-be'ya), n. Light draft one- 
or two-masted house-boat used on the River 
Nile. [Ar. dhahabiyah.] 

DAHLIA (dal'ya), n. Dot. 1. Genus of com- 
posite plants, with beautiful large flowers of 
many varieties of hue. 2. [d-] Plant of this 
genus, or its flower. [Dahl, Swedish botanist.] 

DAH031E Y (da-ho'ma), n. French protectorate 
in W. Africa. 

DAILY (da'li), I. a. Happening or appearing 
every day. II. adv. Day after day; every day. 
III. n. [pi. DAILIES (da/liz).] Newspaper 
published every day, or every week-day. 

DAINTILY (dan'ti-li), adv. In a dainty manner. 

DAINTINESS (dan'ti-nes), n. Quality of being 
dainty. 

DAINTY (dan 'ti), I. a. 1. Pleasing to the taste ; 
delicious. 2. Delicate in form or manner; 
refined. 3. Fastidious; nice; hard to please. 
II. n. [pi. DAINTIES (dan'tiz).] Anything 
very nice to the taste; delicacy. [O. Fr. 
daintie, worthiness.] 

DAIRE (di're), n. Turkish tambourine. 

DAIRI (di'ri), n. Mikado's palace in Japan. 

DAIRY (da'ri), n. [pi. DAIRIES (da'riz).] 1. 
Place where milk is kept, and butter and 
cheese made. 2. Establishment for the sale 
of dairy produce. 

DAIRYMAID (da'ri-mad), w. Maid or woman 
who works in a dairy. 

DAIRYMAN (da'ri-man), n. [pi. DAI'RYMEN.] 
Man who keeps a dairy. 

DAIS (da/is), n. 1. Raised floor or platform in 
any hall or room, on which the chief per- 
sonages sit at any meeting. 2. Raised floor 
with a seat and canopy. 3. Canopy over an 
altar, etc. 4. Formerly, the chief seat at the 
principal table in a baronial hall. [O. Fr. 
dais; from L. L. discus, table; from L. 
discus, quoit; from Gr. diskos, disk, plate.] 



DAISIES (da'ziz).l 
of 




Daisies. 



DAISY (da'zi), n. [pi. 
Small wild flower 
the genus Bellis, with a 
white rim of petals ar- 
ranged like a star, and a 
yellow center. 2. Name 
given to various other 
plants, as the oxeye daisy, 
which is a chrysanthe- 
mum. 3. Something par- 
ticularly nice. (Slang.) [A. 
S. dmges, edge, day's eye, 
the sun.] 

DALE (dal), n. Low ground 

between hills; dell; glen. [A. S. dcel.] 

DALI (da'li), n. South American wax-tree. 

DALLES ( dalz ), n.pl. Rapids flowing through 
a narrow gorge of basaltic rock. [Fr. dalle, 
flagstone.] 

DALLIANCE (dal'i-ans), n. 1. Dallying; toying; 
trifling. 2. Interchange of caresses. 3. Delay; 
procrastination. 

DALLIER (dal'i-er), n. One who dallies; 
fondler; trifler; loiterer. 

DALLY (dal'l), vi. [pr.p. DAL'LYING; p.t. and 
p.p. DALLIED (dal'id).] 1. Lose time by 
trifling; delay; loiter. 2. Exchange caresses. 
[Ice. dvala, delay.] 

DALMATIA (dal-ma'shya), n. Province of Aus- 
tria, on the Adriatic. Area 4,940 sq. m. 

DALMATIAN (dal-ma/shun), a. Belonging to 
Dalmatia. — Dalmatian dog, spotted coach- 
dog, resembling the pointer in shape. 

DALMATIC (dal-mat'ik), n. Loose-fitting, wide- 
sleeved ecclesiastical vestment worn by 
deacons at m iss or communion. [L. L. 
dalmatica; from L. Dalmatia, Dalmatia.] 

DALTONISM (dal'tun-izm), n. Color-blindness. 
[From John Dalton, an English chemist 
(1766-1844), who had this infirmity.] 

DAM (dam), n. 1. Embankment to restrain 
water. 2. Water thus confined. [Of A. S. 
origin.] 

DAM (dam), vt. [pr.p. DAM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
DAMMED (damd).? Stop the flow of by a dam, 
or as by a dam. 

DAM (dam), n. Female parent, applied to quad- 
rupeds. [Form of DAME.] 

DAMA (da/ma), n. African gazelle {Gazella 
dama). 

DAMAGE (dam'aj), n. 1. Any hurt, injury, 
mischief, or detriment done to any person or 
thing. 2. Any harm or loss incurred. 3. Value 
or cost of hurt or injury done. 4. [pi.] Pecuniary 
reparation due for loss or injury sustained by 
one person through the fault or negligence of 
another. [O. Fr.; from L. damnum, loss.] 

DAMAGE (dam'aj), v. [pr.p. DAM' AGING; p.t. 
and p.p. DAMAGED (dam'ajd).] I. vt. Cause 
harm, loss, or injury to. II. vi. Receive in- 
jury; become damaged. 

DAMARALAND (da-ma'ra-land), n. Country 
of S. W. Africa, on the coast. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,. 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DAMASCENE 



325 



DANCER 



DAMASCENE (dam'as-sen), I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to Damascus. II. n. 1. Native of Damascus. 
2. [d-] Etching on blades of swords of Damas- 
cus steel. 

DAMASCENE (dam-as-sen'), vt. [pr.p. DAMAS- 
CENING; p.t. and p.p. DAMASCENED 
(dam-as-send').] Same as DAMASK, DAMAS- 
KEEN. 

DAMASCUS (da-mas'kus), n. Celebrated city of 
Syria. — Damascus blade, sword made at Dam- 
ascus, celebrated for its superior quality of 
steel. Its surface was marked by wavy and 
variegating lines. 

DAMASK (dam'ask), I. n. Figured stuff, origi- 
nally of silk, now of linen, cotton, wool, etc., 
the figure being woven, not printed. II. o. 
Of or pertaining to Damascus. — Damask rose, 
species of fragrant pink rose (Bosa dam- 
ascena). [Damascus.] 

DAMASK (dam'ask), vt. [pr.p. DAM'ASKING; 
p.t. and p.p. DAMASKED (dam'askt).] Flower 
or variegate, as cloth. [Damascus.] 

DAMASKEEN (dam-as-ken'), vt. [pr.p. DAMAS- 
KEENING; p.t. and p.p. DAMASKEENED 
(dam-as-kend').] 1. Decorate, as metal (es- 
pecially steel), by inlaying or encrusting on it 
patterns like damask, in other metals. 2. Or- 
nament with flowery patterns; damask. 

DAMASSIN (dam'as-sin), n. Damask with flow- 
ered patterns in gold or silver thread. 

DAMBONITE (dam'bo-nit), n. Chem. Crystal- 
lized caoutchouc. [Etym. doubtful.] 

DAME (dam), n. 1. Mistress of a house; matron. 
2. Noble lady. [ Fr. dame; from L. domina, 
mistress, fern, of dominus, master.] 

DAMMAR (dam'ar), n. Resin used for making 
varnish, obtained from a genus of East Indian 
conifers. 

DAMN (dam), v. [pr.p. DAMNING (dam'ing or 
dam'ning); p.t. and p.p. DAMNED (damd).] I. 
vt. 1. Sentence to eternal punishment; doom. 
2. Censure or condemn. Swear at; curse. 
II. vi. Curse or swear profanely. [L. damno, 
condemn; from damnum, loss.] 

DAMNABLE (dam'na-bl), a. 1. Deserving or 
tending to damnation; damning. 2. Hateful. 

DAMNABLY (dam'na-bli), adv. In a damnable 
manner; execrably. 

DAMNATION (dam-na'shun), n. 1. Condemna- 
tion to eternal punishment. 2. Eternal pun- 
ishment. 3. Ruinous adverse criticism. 

DAMNATORY (dam'na-to-ri), a. 1. Tending to 
convict. 2. Consigning to damnation. 

DAMNED (damd or damned), a. 1. Sentenced 
to everlasting punishment. 2. Hateful; vile; 
execrable. 3. Condemned by emphatic dis- 
approbation. 

DAMNIFY (dam'ni-fi), vt. [pr.p. DAMNIFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DAMNIFIED (dam'ni-fid).] 
Cause loss, detriment, or damage to. 

DAMNING (dam'ning), a. Exposing to con- 
demnation; criminating. 

DAMON (da/mon), n. Greek Myth. A Pythago- 



rean condemned to death by Dionysius I., of 
Syracuse, for whom Pythias, his friend, acted 
as a voluntary hostage. 

DAMP (damp), I. a. 1. Containing moisture; 
humid; moist. 2. Clammy. II. n. 1. Vapor; 
mist; moist air. 2. Fire-damp. 3. Choke- 
damp. [Dut. damp, vapor.] 

DAMP (damp), v. [pr.p. DAMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DAMPED (dampt).] I. vt. 1. Make 
damp or moist; dampen. 2. Discourage; 
dispirit; chill. II. vi. Become damp. 

DAMPEN (damp'n), v. [pr.p. DAMPENING; 
p.t. and p.p. DAMPENED (damp'nd).] I. vt. 1. 
Make damp or moist. 2. Put a damper on. 

3. Depress or deject; chill. II. vi. Grow or be- 
come damp. 

DAMPENER (damp'n-er), n. One who or that 
which dampens. 

DAMPER (damp'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which makes damp or moist. 2. Anything 
that damps, depresses, or chills. 3. Device 
to check the draft of a stove, furnace, etc. 

4. Music. Padded finger in a piano action 
by which the sound is deadened. 

DAMPNESS (damp'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being damp. 

DAMSEL (dam'zel), n. Young unmarried wom- 
an; maiden; girl. [O. Fr. damoisele; from 
L. L. domicella, maid; from L. domina, 
dame.] 

DAMSON (dam'- 
zn), n. Species 
of small purple 
plum, esteemed 
for preserving. 
[Shortened from 
DAMASCENE.] 

DANAE(dan'a-e), 
n. Greek Myth. 
Daughter of A- 
crisius, king of 
Argos; mother 
of Perseus by 
Zeus, who visit- 
ed her while im- 
prisoned in a 
brazen tower by 
her father, in 
the form of a 
golden shower. 

DANCE (dans), v. [pr.p. DAN'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. DANCED (danst).] I. vt. Make to dance 
or jump. II. vi. Move with measured steps 
to music. — Dance attendance, wait upon 
constantly and obsequiously. [O. Fr. danser; 
from O. High Ger. danson, draw along.] 

DANCE (dans), n. 1. Movement of one or more 
persons with measured steps to music. 2. 
Tune to which dancing is performed. 3. 
Dancing party; ball. 

DANCER (dan'ser), n. One who practices dan- 
cing. — Merry dancers, northern lights; 
aurora borealis. 




Damson (Prunus domestica 
damascena) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
' " u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



DANCING 



326 



DARK 




Dandelion (Taraxacum 
taraxacum) . 



DANCING (dan'sing), n. Act or art of moving in 
the dance. 

DANDELION (dan'de-li- 
un), n. Common plant 
with a yellow flower, 
its leaves having jagged 
tooth-like edges. [Fr. 
dent de lion, lion's 
tooth.] 

DANDER (dan'der), n. 
1. Dandruff. 2. Anger; 
temper. (Slang.) [Cor- 
rup. Of DANDRUFF.] 

DANDIFIED (dan'di-fid), 
a. Having the appear- 
ance and manners of a dandy; dudish. 

DANDLE (dan'dl), vt. [pr.p. DANDLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DANDLED (dan'dld).] Move up 
or down, or toss playfully, as a hahe on the 
knee. [Ger. tandeln, toy.] 

DANDLER (dan'dler), n. One who dandles. 

DANDRUFF (dan'druf), DANDRIFF (dan'- 
drif), n. Scaly scurf which forms on the sur- 
face of the skin under the hair of the head and 
beard. [Wei. ton, skin, and drwg, had.] 

DANDY (dan'di), I. n. [pi. DANDIES.] 1. Man 
extravagantly fond of dress; coxcomb; fop; 
dude. 2. Anything particularly fine. II. a. 
1. Like a dandy; dandified. 2. Specially fine ; 
exquisite. [It. dandola, doll.] 

DANDYISM (dan'di-izm), n. Foppishness. 

DANE (dan), n. Native of 
Denmark, a country of 
N. W. Europe. — Great 
Dane, large Danish dog. 

DANGER (dan'jer), n. 
State of exposure to in- 
jury or loss of any kind; 
peril; hazard; risk. [Fr. 
danger, risk, harm; from 
O. Fr. dongier, power (of 
a feudal lord) ; from L. 
L. dominium, feudal au- 
thority; from L. dominus, 
lord.] 

SYN. Jeopardy; inse- 
curity. ANT. Security 
protection. 

DANGEROUS (dan'jer-us) 
unsafe; insecure. 

DANGEROUSLY (dan'jer-us-li), adv 
gerous manner. 

DANGEROUSNESS (dan'jer-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being dangerous. 

DANGLE (dang'gl), v. [pr.p. DAN'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DANGLED (dang'gld).] I. vt. Cause 
to hang loosely. II. vi. 1. Hang loosely, 
swinging or waving about. 2. Follow any 
one about. [Dan.] 

DANGLER (dang'gler), n. One who dangles, or 
follows others about. 

DANISH (dan'ish), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Denmark. II. n. Language of the Danes. 




Christian IX. King 
of Denmark. Born 
1818— died 1906. 

safety; defense; 
a. Full of danger; 



In a dan- 



DaNITE (dan'it), n. One of a secret society 

amongst the early Mormons. [In allusion 

to Gen. xlix. 16, 17.] 
DANK (dangk ), a. Exhaling cold, damp vapors; 

damp; moist. [Sw. dagg, dew.] 
DANKISH (dangk'ish), a. Somewhat dank or 

damp. 
DANSEUSE (dang-siiz'), n. Professional female 

dancer; ballet dancer. [Fr.] 
DANUBE (dan'ub), n. River, rises in Black 

Forest, Baden, enters Black Sea. 
DANZIG (dant'sik), n. Seaport on the Vistula, 

W. Prussia. 
DAPHNE (daf'ne), n. I. Myth. One of the 

nymphs of Diana, who was changed into a 

laurel-tree. 2. Bot. Genus of shrubs,mostly 

evergreen. [Gr. daphne, laurel or bay-tree.] 
DAPICO (dap'i-ko), n. Gum obtained from the 

milk-rubber plant in South America. 
DAPPER (dap'er), a. 1. Little and active. 2. 

Neat; spruce; trim. [Dut. dapper, brave, 

active, bold.] 
DAPPLE (dap'l), I. a. Marked with spots of 

different colors or shades. II. n. 1. Spot, as 

on a dapple horse. 2. Dappled or spotted 

horse. [Ice. depill, spot.] 
DAPPLE (dap'l), vt. [pr.p. DAP'PLING; p.t. 

and p.p. DAPPLED (dap 'Id).] Variegate with 

spots. 
DAPPLED (dap'ld), a. Variegated with spots; 

dapple. 
DARDANELLES (dar-da-nelz'), n. Strait be- 
tween Europe and Asia. 
DARDANUS (dar'da-nus), n. Greek Myth. 

Founder of Troy; son of Jupiter and Electra. 
DARE (dar), v. [pr.p. DARING; p.t. DURST 

(durst) or DARED (dard); p.p. DARED.] I. vt. 

I. Venture on; attempt; risk. 2. Challenge; 
defy. II. vi. Be bold or adventurous enough; 
venture. [A. S. durran, dare; 1st pers. pres. 
ind. dearr.] 

DARE (dar), n. Challenge; defiance. 
DARE-DEVIL ( dar 'dev-1), I. a. Rash; reckless. 

II. n. Rash, venturesome fellow. 
DARIEN (da'ri-en), n. Seaport in Georgia, 
_ U. S. 

DARIEN (da-ri-en'; Sp. da-ri-en), ISTHMUS 
OF. Narrow portion of Isthmus of Panama, 
between the Gulf of Darien and the Gulf of 
San Miguel. 

DARING (dar'ing), I. a. Bold; courageous; 
fearless; venturesome. II. ». Boldness; 
bravery; courage. 

DARINGLY (dar'ing-li), adv. In a daringmanner. 

DARINGNESS (dar'ing-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing daring. 

DARK (dark), I. a. 1. Without light. 2. 
Black, or approaching black; opposed to 
FAIR. 3. Gloomy; cheerless. 4. Unen- 
lightened. 5. Difficult to understand; ob- 
scure. 6. Secret; hidden; concealed; occult. 
7. Morally black; wicked; atrocious. II. n. 
1. Absence of light. 2. Obscurity. 3. State 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



DARKEN 



337 



DASTARDLY 



of ignorance. — Dark ages, the middle ages. — 
Dark, horse, unannounced possible competitor. 
[A. S. deorc] 

DARKEN (dark'n), v. [pr.p. DARKENING; 
p.t. and p.p. DARKENED (darknd).] I. vt. 1. 
Make dark. 2. Render ignorant. 3. Obscure, 4. 
Make gloomy. II. vi. Grow dark. 

DARKISH (dark'ish), a. Inclining to be dark. 

DARKLE (dar'kl), vi. [pr.p. DARKLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DARKLED (dar'kld).] Grow dark. 

DARKLING (dar'kling), I. a. Dark; gloomy. 
II. adv. In the dark. 

DARKLY (dark'li), adv. 1. Without light. 2. 
Obscurely; vaguely. 3. Frowningly. 

DARKNESS (dark'nes), n. State or quality of 
being dark. 

SYN. Dimness; gloom; obscurity; black- 
ness; blindness; ignorance. ANT. Light; 
glow; illumination; daylight. 

DARKSOME (dark'sum), a. 1. Dark. 2. 
Gloomy. (Poet.) 

DARKY (dark'i), n. Negro. (Colloq.) 

DARLING (darling), 1. a. Dearly beloved; 
favorite. II. n. One dearly beloved; favorite. 
[A. S. deorling, little dear.] 

DARMSTADT (darm'stat), n. Capital of grand- 
duchy of Hesse, Germany. 

DARN (darn), vt. [pr.p. DARN'ING; p.t. and 
and p.p. DARNED (darnd).] Mend a hole 
in with needle and thread or yarn, etc. [Wei., 
piece, patch.] 

DARN (darn), n. Place mended by darning. 

DARNEL (dar'nei), n. Hot. Annual of the rye- 
grass genus, supposed to be the tares of 
Scripture. [O. Fr. dame, stupid (from its 
supposed narcotic properties).] 

DARNER (darn'er), n. One who darns or mends 
by darning. 

DART (dart), n. 1. Pointed weapon for throwing 
with the hand. 2. Anything that pierces or 
wounds like a dart. [O. Fr. — O. High Ger. 
tart.] 

DART (dart), v. [pr.p. DARTING; p.t. and p.p. 
DARTED.] I. vt. 1. Hurl suddenly. 2. 
Send or shoot forth. II. vi. 1. Start or shoot 
forth rapidly. 2. Shoot darts. 

DARTER (dart'er), n. 
1. One who throws 
darts. 2. One who 
starts and moves 
suddenly and quick- 
ly. 3. Brazilian 
bird of the pelican 
family that darts 
with its long snake- 
like neck into the water after its prey. 
Small quick-moving fish. 

DARWINIAN (dar-win'i-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to Charles Darwin, or to Darwinism. II. n. 
Adherent of Darwinism. 

DARWINISM (dar'win-izm), n. Theory ad- 
vanced by Charles Darwin, English naturalist, 
in 1859, that all forms of organic life are de- 




Darter (Plotus anhinga). 
4. 



rived from a small number of primitive types, 
by a process of survival of the individuals best 
adapted to the surrounding conditions of 
nature, and hereditary transmission of their 
superior structure. 

DASH (dash), v. [pr.p. DASHING; p.t. and p.p. 
DASHED (dasht).] I. vt. 1. Throw violently; 
hurl. 2. Break by throwing together or 
against some thing. 3. Splash; bespatter. 
4. Destroy; frustrate. 5. 31ix or adulter- 
ate. 6. Compose or sketch in haste. 7. Con- 
found or abash. II. vi. Rush violently or 
excitedly. [Dan. deska, slap.] 

DASH (dash), n. 1. Sudden spirited movement; 
rush; onset. 2. Violent collision; sound as of 
things being dashed. 3. Admixture or in- 
fusion. 4. Small quantity of any substance 
mixed with another. 5. Spirit; daring; ac- 
tivity; promptness. 6. Flourish; show-off; 
bluster. 7. Sudden check or blow; frustration; 
disappointment. S. Print, (a) Short horizon- 
tal line or mark [ — ] at a break in a sentence. 
(6) Line, either single! or double, [ , 

5™"5™, -<§" ], used to segregate differ- 
ent sections of printed matter. 9. Music, 
Mark [ f ] denoting that the note over which 
it is placed is to be performed in a short dis- 
tinct manner. 

DASHBOARD (dash'bord), n. Leather-covered 
frame on the front of a carriage, to keep off 
splashes of mud. 

DASHER (dash'er), n. 1. One who dashes. 2. 
Dashboard. 3. Board perforated with holes, 
used in a churn to convert cream into butter. 

DASHER-BLOCK (dash'er-blok), n. NauU Small 
block at the extremity of the spanker-gaff, for 
reeving the ensign-halyards. 

DASHING (dashing), a. Spirited; gallant; gay. 

DASHINGLY (dash'ing-li), adv. In a dashing 
manner. 

DASHPOT (dash'pot), n.Mech. 1. Metal cylinder 
containing air, oil or other fluid used to serve 
as a spring bumper to facilitate gradual de- 
scent of elevators. 2. Elec. Device attached 
to an arc light to regulate the gradual ap- 
proach of the carbons as they are being con- 
sumed. 

DASH-RULE (dash'rol), n. Print. Rule of 
metal, usually a little shorter than the width 
of the printed matter or column, used to sep- 
arate different subjects. 

DASSY (das'i), n. [pi. DAS'SIES.] South African 
coney-rabbit (Procavia capensis). 

DASTARD (das'tard), I. a. Shrinking from 
danger; cowardly. II. n. Cowardly fellow; 
poltroon. [Scand. dast, dazed, and -ARD.] 

DASTARDIZE(das'tard-iz),trt.[pr.p.DAS'TARD- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. DASTARDIZED (das'tard- 
izd).] Make dastard; cow. 

DASTARDL1NESS (das'tard-li-nes), w. Base 
timidity; cowardliness. 

DASTARDLY (das'tard-li), a. Characterized by 
gross cowardice; cowardly; base. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DASYURE 



328 



DAWNING 




» 



DASYURE (das'i-ur), n. Tool. Small carnivo- 
rous quadruped 
found in Aus- 
tralia and Tas- 
mania ( formerly 
Van Dieman's 
Land). [G r . 
dasys, hairy; 
and oura, tail.] 

DATA (data or 
data), n.pl. 
[sing. DA'TUM.J JJasyure (Dasyurus maculatus). 
Facts given or 

admitted from which other facts may he de- 
duced. [L., from datus, p.p. of do, give.] 

DATE (dat), n. 1. Part of a letter, inscription, 
coin, etc., denoting the time, etc., when such 
letter, inscription, or coin was written, in- 
scribed, or coined. 2. Time of any event. 3. 
Stipulated time. 4. Age; period of time. [L. 
datum, given, as in datum Bomce, given or 
written at Rome.] 

DATE (dat), v. [pr.p. DA'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
DATED.] I. vt. Affix the date to. II. vi. 

I. Bear a date. 2. Have an origin; begin. 
DATE (dat), n. Fruit of the date-palm, or the 

tree itself. [Fr. datte; from L. dactylus; from 

Gr. daktylos, finger.] 
DATELESS (dat'les), a. 1. Without date. 2. 

Without fixed limit. 
DATE-PALM (dat'pam), DATE-TREE (dat'tre), 

n. Tree on which dates grow, a native of the 

northern half of Africa and the southwest of 

Asia. 
DATER (da/ter), n. Stamp or appliance for 

affixing dates. 
DATIVE (da/tiv), Gram. I. a. Denoting that 

case of a noun or pronoun which expresses 

the relation usually signified by to or for, as 

the possessive expresses that signified by of. 

II. n. The dative case. [L. dativus, giving; 
from do, give.] 

DATTOCK(dat'uk),n. Bot. African mahogany- 
tree. 

DATUM (da/turn or da'tum), n. See DATA. 

DATUM-LINE (da'tum-lin), n. Civil Engineer- 
ing. Line along a fixed plane from which are 
reckoned all the heights along a section. 

DAUB (dab), v. [pt.p. DAUBING; p.t. and p.p. 
DAUBED (dabd).] I. vt. 1. Smear over; 
plaster or cover with mud or other soft sticky 
substance. 2. Paint coarsely. 3. Cover or 
disguise with something specious. II. vi. 
Paint coarsely. [O. Fr. dauber; from L. dealbo, 
whiten or whitewash.] 

DAUB (dab), n. 1. Act of daubing. 2. State of 
being daubed. 3. Coarse inartistic painting. 

DAUBER (dab'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
daubs. 2. Brush for daubing blacking on 
shoes. 3. Dabber. 

DAUBER Y (dab'er-i), n . [pi. DAUB ERIES.] 1. 
Crudely artful device. 2. Daubing. 

DAUBING (dab'ing), n. 1. Act of smearing 



over. 2. That which is smeared over anything. 
3. Act of painting coarsely. 

DAUBREITE (dabre-it), «. Min. Yellow 
chlorid of bismuth. [G. A. Daubree, French 
mineralogist.] 

DAUGHTER (da'ter), n. 1. Female child, in 
relation to father or mother. 2. Female de- 
scendant as, "the daughters of Israel." [A. S. 
dohtor.] 

DAUGHTER-IN-LAW (da'ter-in-la), n. Wife of 
one's son. 

DAUGHTERLY (da'ter-li), adv. Like or becom- 
ing a daughter. 

DAUNT (dant), vt. [pr.p. DAUNT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DAUNT 'ED.] Frighten; discourage; sub- 
due; cow; dishearten; intimidate. [O. Fr. 
danter; from L. domito, subdue.] 

DAUNTLESS (dant'les), a. Fearless; bold; in- 
trepid ; not to be daunted. 

DAUNTLESSLY (dant'les-li), adv. In a dauntless 
manner. 

DAUNTLESSNESS (dant'les-nes), n. Quality of 
being dauntless. 

DAUPHIN (da'fin), n. Name given to the eldest 
son of the. king of France, from 1349 down to 
1830. [So called from the principality of 
Dauphine having been the appanage of the 
heir-apparent to the crown.] 

DAUPHINESS (da'fin-es), DAUPHINE (da'fen), 
n. Wife of the dauphin. 

DAUW (da), n. 
Zool. African 
zebra found 
near Sahara 
desert. 

DAVENPORT 
(dav'n-port), 
n. 1. Small 
ornamental 
writing - desk. 
2. Convertible 
bed settee. 
[Name of the 
maker.] 

DAVIT (dav'it), 
n. Naut. One 

of a pair of pieces of timber or iron, projecting 
over a ship's side or stern, having tackle to 
raise a boat by. [Etym. doubtful.] 

DAW (da), n. Same as JACK-DAW. 

DAWDLE (daw'dl), v. [pr.p. DAWDLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DAWDLED (da'dld).] I. vt. Spend 
idly; waste. II. vi. 1. Waste time by trifling. 
2. Act or move slowly. [Sc. daidle, toddle.] 

DAWDLER (da'dler), n. One who dawdles. 

DAWN (dan), vi. [pr.p. DAWNING; p.t. and 
p.p. DAWNED (dand).] 1. Become day; begin 
to grow light. 2. Begin to appear. [A. S. 
dagian; from dceg, day.] 

DAWN (dan), n. 1. Daybreak. 2. Beginning. 

DAWNING (daning), I. a. 1. Breaking, as the 
dawning day. 2. First appearing. II. n. 1. 
Dawn or break of day. 2. First opening or 




Dauw (Equus burchelli). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DAY 



329 



DEAD 



appearance; first promise of future eminence 
or excellence. 

DAT (da), n. 1. Time of light, from sunrise to 
sunset. 2. The twenty-four hours which the 
earth takes to make a revolution on her axis, 
reckoned from midnight to midnight — this 
being the solar or natural day as distinguished 
from the sidereal day, between two transits 
of the same star. 3. Number of hours fixed 
for a day's labor. 4. Man's period of existence 
or Influence. 5. Time or period. 6. Contest of 
a day. 7. Time of commemorating an event. 
[A. S. dceg, day.] 

DAY-BLINDNESS (da'blind-nes), n. Defect of 
vision, in which objects are best seen by a dim 
light. 

DAY-BOOK (da'bpk), n. Book in which mer- 
chants enter the transactions of the day In 
their order of occurrence. 

DAYBREAK (da'brak), n. First appearance of 
day; dawn. 

DAY-DREAM (da'drem), n. Indulgence of 
fancies while awake; reverie; castle in the air. 

DAY-FLY (da'fli), n. [pi. DAY-FLIES (da'fliz).] 
Ephemera, a fly which lives in its perfect form 
only for a day; May-fly. 

DAY-LABOR (da'la-bur), n. Labor by the day. 

DAY-LABORER (da'la-bur-er), n. One who 
labors by the day. 

DAYLIGHT (da'lit), n. 1. Light of the sun, as 
opposed to that of the moon, a candle, etc. 
2. Daytime. 3. Open or public view; not 
secrecy or privacy. 

DAY-LILY (da'lil-i), n. [pi. 
DAY-LILIES.] Lily that 
blooms only for a day; 
plant of the genus Hemer- 
ocallis or genus Funkia, re- 
semblingtrue lilies, but hav- 
ing the rootstalks tuberous. 

DAY-MAN (da'man), n. [pi. 
DAY-MEN (da/men).] La- 
borer or other operative 
whose hours of duty are in 
the daytime. 

DAY-SCHOOL (da'skol), n. School held during 
the day as opposed both to a NIGHT-SCHOOL 
and a BOARDING-SCHOOL. 

DAYSMAN (daz'man), n. 1. One who appoints 
a day to hear a cause. 2. Umpire. 

DAYSPRING (da'spring), n. Dawn. (Poet.) 

DAY-STAR (da/star), n. 1. Morning star. 3. 
The sun. 

DAY'S WORK (daz wurk). Naut. Naviga- 
tion record for twenty-four hours from noon 
till the following noon. 

DAYTIME (da'tlm), n. Day as opposed to 
NIGHT; time during which there is daylight. 

DAZE (daz), vt, [pr.p. DA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
DAZED (dazd).] Stupefy or bewilder. [Ice. 
dasask, become exhausted.] 

DAZE (daz), n. State of being dazed. 

DAZZLE (daz'l), v. [pr.p. DAZ'ZLING; p.t. and 




Day-lily. 



p.p. DAZZLED (daz'ld).] I. vt. 1. Daze or 
overpower with any strong light. 2. Amaze or 
charm by brilliancy, beauty, or cleverness. 

11. vi. 1. Be so bright as to overpower the 
sight. 2. Excite admiration by brilliancy or 
splendor. [Freq. of DAZE.] 

DAZZLE (daz'l), n. That which dazzles. 

DAZZLEMENT (daz'1-ment), n. Act of dazzling. 

DE-, prefix. From; down; out; away. In some 
words it represents the Latin dis-, apart, 
through the O. Fr. des-; Fr. de~, sometimes 
its force being intensive, as in declare, de- 
prave, and sometimes negative, as in deface, 
defame, etc. [L. de, from. See DIS-.] 

DEACON (de'kn), n. 1. Eccl. 1. Order of 
clergy subordinate to the priests. 2. Prin- 
cipal lay official. [A. S. deacon; from Gr. 
diakonos, servant.] 

DEACONESS (de'kn-es), n. Woman appointed 
to look after the needy and perform other 
offices of utility in the church. 

DEACONRY (de'kn-ri), DEACONSHIP (de'kn- 
ship), n. Office, rank, duty and term of service 
of a deacon. 

DEAD (ded), a. 1. Without life; having died; 
lifeless. 2. Destitute of life; inanimate. 3. 
Death-like. 4. Still; motionless; perfectly 
calm. 5. Flat; stale; tasteless; vapid. 6. 
Wanting in animation or spirit; dull; frigid. 
7. Certain or unerring as death, as a dead 
shot. 8. Deep; still; undisturbed, as the 
(t dead darkness of the night." 9. Not acting; 
not to be counted, as a dead ball. 10. Not 
glossy; dull. 11. Painting. Not gay or bright. 

12. Blank; flat; unvaried, as a dead wall. 

13. No longer in use; disused, as a dead wire 
on an electric circuit. 14. Non-resonant. 15. 
Law. Cut off from all rights of citizenship; 
civilly dead. — Dead beat, shiftless person; beat; 
sponge. — Dead heat. 1. Race in which two 
or more of the contestants reach the winning- 
post so closely together that the judge cannot 
say which has won. 2. State or position of 
exact equality. — Dead horse. 1. Work paid for 
before it is executed. 2. Something purchased 
and used before it is paid for. — Dead language, 
language no longer spoken. — Dead letter. 1. 
Letter undelivered and unclaimed at the post- 
office. 2. Law or ordinance which is not en- 
forced. — Dead level. 1. Perfect level. 2. 
Sameness. — Dead lift, lift made without help, 
leverage, etc.; hence, an effort under dis- 
couraging conditions. [A. S. dead.] 

SYN. Deceased; defunct; inanimate; 
lifeless; unconscious; extinct; departed; 
breathless; cold; frigid; dull; torpid; inert; 
lukewarm; indifferent; insensible; spirit- 
less; tasteless; vapid; flat; unemployed; 
useless; unprofitable; entire; total. ANT. 
Living; animate; alive; susceptible. 
DEAD (ded), n. 1. Time of greatest stillness, as 
the dead of night. 2. Those who have died; 
the departed; the deceased. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



DEAD 



330 



DEARTH 



DEAD (ded), adv. 1. Thoroughly; completely; 
quite, as dead broke, dead tired, etc. 2. Di- 
rectly, as dead ahead. 

DEAD-BEAT (ded'bet), I. o. Beating with no 
recoil, as the dead-beat escapement of a watch. 
II. n. Bum; beat. (Colloq.) 

DEADEN (ded'n), vt. [pr.p. DEAD'ENING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEADENED (ded'nd).] 1. Abate or 
lessen the force, power, intensity, velocity, or 
brightness of; blunt; dull; retard. 2. Deprive 
of freshness; make dead or stale. 

DEADENER (ded'n-er), n. That which deadens. 

DEADENING (ded'n-ing), n. 1. Act of depriving 
of force, life, or vigor. 2. Packing in a floor, 
ceiling or wall, to prevent conduction of sound. 

DEADEYE (ded'i), n. Naut. Round, flattish 
wooden block with a rope or iron band passing 
round it, and pierced with three holes for a 
lanyard by which the shrouds are set up. 

DEADFALL (ded'fal), n. Trap operated by a 
weight that, when its support is removed, falls 
upon and kills or holds the game. 

DEADHEAD (ded'hed), n. 1. One who is al- 
lowed, without payment, to ride in a public 
conveyance, sit in a theater, etc., or hold a 
privilege having a money value. 2. Naut. 
Block of wood used as an anchor-buoy. 

DEADHEAD (ded'hed), v. [pr.p. DEADHEAD- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DEAD HEADED.] I. vt. 
Carry or pass free. II. vi. Travel on a public 
conveyance or be admitted to a theater, etc., 
on a free pass. 

DEAD-LIGHT (ded'lit), n. Naut. Storm-shutter 
for a cabin window or port-hole. 

DEAD-LINE (ded'lin), n. In military prisons, 
a line or limit the passing of which subjects 
a prisoner to be fired upon by a guard. 

DEADLINESS (dedli-nes), n. State or quality 
of being deadly. 

DEAD-LOCK (ded'lok), n. 1. Lock operated on 
one side by a key and on the other by a knob 
or handle. 2. Case where matters have come 
to a standstill, as where there is a complete 
obstruction to legislative proceedings. 

DEADLY (ded'li), I. a. 1. Causing death; fatal. 
2. Implacable. II. adv. 1. Mortally; fatally. 
2. Like death. 

DEAD-MARCH (ded'march), n. Piece of solemn 
music played at a funeral, especially at that 
of a soldier. 

DEADNESS (ded'nes), n. 1. State or quality of 
being dead. 2. Languor; dullness. 3. Flat- 
ness; want of clearness or sharpness. 

DEAD-RECKONING (ded'rek-un-ing), n. Naut. 
Estimation of a ship's place simply by the 
log-book, or calculating the distances trav- 
eled over given courses and without aid of 
observations taken of the sun, moon or 
stars. 

DEAD SEA (ded se). Salt lake, Palestine, 

1,312 feet below sea level. 
DEAD-WATER (dedwa-ter), n. Water that 
eddies about the stern of a ship as she sails. 



DEAD-WEIGHT (ded'wat), n. Heavy or op- 
pressive burden. 

DEAD-WIND (ded'wind), n. Naut. Wind coming 
directly ahead or opposed to a ship's 
course. 

DEAD-WOOD (ded'wod), n. Naut. 1. Pieces of 
timber laid on the upper side of the keel at 
either end. 2. Buffer. 3. Useless material. 

DEAF (def), a. 1. Lacking the sense of hearing, 
either wholly or in part. 2. Deafened tem- 
porarily. 3. Unwilling to hear; disregarding; 
inattentive. [A. S. deaf.] 

DEAFEN (def'n), vt. [pr.p. DEAF'ENING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEAFENED (def'nd).] 1. Make deaf; 
partly or altogether. 2. Render impervious to 
sound. 

DEAF-MUTE (def'mut), n. One who Is both 
deaf and dumb. 

DEAFNESS (def'nes), n. State or quality of 
being deaf. 

DEAL (del), n. 1. Portion. 2. Indefinite quantity. 
3. Large quantity. 4. Distribution of cards 
in a game. 5. Business transaction. 6. Secret 
understanding. — Square deal, fair treatment. 
[A. S. dcelan; from dwl, part.] 

DEAL (del), v. [pr.p. DEALING; p.t. and p.p. 
DEALT (delt).] I. vt. 1. Distribute, as to deal 
the cards. 2. Deliver, as to deal a blow. II. 
vi. 1. Distribute the cards in a game. 2. 
Transact business; trade. 3. Act or behave. 

DEAL (del), n. Board or plank. [Dut. deel.] 

DEALER (del'er), n. One who deals, in any sense 
of the word. 

DEALING (del'ing), n. 1. Manner of acting 
towards others. 2. Intercourse of trade. 3. 
Transaction of any kind. 

DEALKALIZATION ( de-al-ka-li-za'shun), n. 
Chem. Removal of all alkaline elements from 
any substance. 

DEALT (delt), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of DEAL. 

DEAN (den), n. 1. Officer in cathedral and col- 
legiate church who presides over the other 
clergy. 2. Head of a faculty in a college or 
university. 3. Secretary or registrar of a 
faculty or department. 4. Senior or eldest 
member of any constituted body, as dean of 
the diplomatic corps. [O. Fr. deien; from L.L. 
decanus, chief of ten; from L. decern, ten.] 

DEANERY (den'er-i), n. [pi. DEAN'ERHSS.] 
Office or jurisdiction of a dean. 

DEAR (der), I. a. 1. High in price; costly. 2. 
Highly valued. 3. Beloved; precious. II. n. 
One who is dear or beloved. [A. S. dedre.] 

DEAR (der), adv. 1. Dearly; with great affec- 
tion. 2. At a high price. 

DEARIE (der'i), n. Same as DEARY. 

DEARLY (der'li), adv. 1. With great fondness 
or affection. 2. At a high price; expensively. 

DEARNESS (der'nes), n. State or quality of be- 
ing dear. 

DEARTH (derth), n. 1. Scarcity; lack; want. 
2. Famine; barrenness. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 




1 



DEARY 



331 



DEBILITATE 



DEARY (der'i), n. One who is dear or beloved; 
pet; favorite; darling. 

DEATH (deth), n. 1. State of being dead. 2. 
Extinction or cessation of life. 3. Manner of 
dying. 4. Mortality. 5. Deadly plague. 6. 
Cause of death. 7. Spiritual lifelessness. 8. 
The killing of the animal in hunting. [A. S. 
death.] 

SYN. Decease; demise; departure; exit; 
extinction; mortality. ANT. Life; anima- 
tion; vitality; birth. 

DEATH-ADDER (deth'ad-er), n. Viperine snake, 
the Acanthophis tortor, found in Australia. 

DEATH-AGONY (deth'ag-o-ni), n. [pi. DEATH'- 
AGONIES.] Struggle often preceding death. 

DEATH-BED (deth'bed), n. 1. Bed on which 
one dies. 2. Last illness. 

DEATH-CUP (deth'kup), n. Bot. Yellow poison- 
ous toadstool. 

DEATH-DAMP (deth'damp), n. Cold, clammy 
sweat preceding death. 

DEATH-DUTIES ( deth'du-tiz ), n.pl. Duties 
paid to government on the inheritance of 
property, real or personal, after the death of 
the former owner. 

DEATH-KNELL (deth'nel), n. Signal of death. 

DEATHLESS (deth'les), a. Never dying; ever- 
lasting. 

DEATHLY (deth'li), I. a. Deadly; fatal; mortal. 
II. adv. Like death. 

DEATH-MASK (deth'mask), n. Plaster cast 
taken from the face after death. 

DEATH-PENALTY ( deth'pen-al-ti ), n. Sen- 
tence to death. 

DEATH-RATE (deth'rat), n. Proportion of 
deaths to the population. 

DEATH-RATTLE (deth'rat-1), n. Rattling in 
the throat which sometimes accompanies the 
last uneasy breathings of a dying person. 

DEATH'S-HEAD (tteths- 
hed), n. Skull of a hu- 
man skeleton, or a rep- 
resentation of it. — 
Death's head moth, a 
species of moth (Acher- 
ontia atropos), having 
pale markings on the 
back of the thorax 
somewhat like a skull. ^ , , , 

DEATH-TRAP (deth'- Death s-head moth. 
trap), n. Unsafe building, vessel, or place that 
shuts up its occupants to almost certain 
death. 

DEATH-WARRANT (deth'wor-ant), n. Order 
from the authorities for the execution of a 
criminal. 

DEATH-WATCH (deth'woch), n. 1. Last vigil 
or watch over a dying person. 2. Guard 
placed over a prisoner condemned to death. 
3. Name for several insects that make a tick- 
ing noise, superstitiously regarded as presa- 
ging death. 

DEBACLE (de-bak'l), n. 1. Breaking up of ice 




on a river. 2. Geol. Sudden flood of water 
leaving its path strewed with debris. [Fr.] 

DEBAR (de-bar'), vt. [pr.p. DEBARRING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEBARRED (de-bard').] 1. Bar or 
shut out. 2. Prevent enjoyment of. [DE- and 
BAR.] 

DEBARK (de-bark'), v. [pr.p. DEBARK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEBARKED (de-barkt').] I. vt. 
Land or put ashore. II. vi. Land from a ship 
or boat; disembark. [Fr. debarquer.] 

DEBARKATION (de-bar-ka'shun), n. Act or 
process of debarking. 

DEBARMENT (de-bar'ment), n. Act of pre- 
cluding or excluding from participation. 

DEBASE (de-bas), vt. [pr.p. DEBA'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEBASED (de-bast').] Lower or de- 
grade; make of less value. [DE- and BASE.] 

SYN. Reduce; abase; degrade; lower; 
humble; disgrace; dishonor; deprave; de- 
teriorate. ANT. Raise; enhance; exalt; 
honor; improve. 

DEBASEMENT (de-bas'ment), n. Degradation. 

DEBASER (de-ba'ser), n. One who or that 
which debases. 

DEBATABLE (de-ba'ta-bl), a. Capable of being, 
or liable to be, disputed. 

DEBATE (de-baf), n. Contention in wbrds or 
argument. [O. Fr. debatre; from L. de, down, 
and batiio, beat.] 

DEBATE (de-bat), v. [pr.p. DEBA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEBATED.] I. vt. Contend for in 
argument. II. vi. 1. Join in debate. 2. De- 
liberate; consider. 

SYN. Discuss; argue; dispute; canvass; 
contest; contend; wrangle. ANT. Yield; 
concede; allow; admit. 

DEBATOR (de-ba'tur), n. One who debates; 
arguer; disputant. 

DEBAUCH (de-bach'), v. [pr.p. DEBAUCH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DEBAUCHED (de-bacht').] 

1. vt. 1. Lead away from duty or allegiance. 

2. Corrupt with lewdness; seduce. 3. Pervert. 
II. vi. Indulge in intemperance or revelry. 
[O. Fr. desbaucher, corrupt.] 

DEBAUCH (de-bach'), n. Act of debauchery. 

DEBAUCHEE (deb-6-she'), n. Libertine. [Fr. 
debauche, p.p. of debaucher, debauch.] 

DEBAUCHER (de-bach'er), n. One who de- 
bauches. 

DEBAUCHERY (de-bach'er-i), n. [pi. DE- 
BAUCH'ERIES.] Excessive indulgence of the 
appetites; intemperance; profligacy. 

DEBAUCHMENT ( de-bach^ment ), n. Act of 
debauching. 

DEBENTURE (de-ben'tur), n. 1. Written ac- 
knowledgment of a debt. 2. Deed of mort- 
gage given for borrowed money. 3. Certificate 
entitling an exporter of imported goods to a 
repayment of the duty on their importation. 
[L. debenture there are due.] 

DEBENTURED (de-ben'turd), o. Entitled to 
drawback or debenture. 

DEBILITATE (de-bil'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. DEBIL'- 



fate, fat., task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in'ScotcL. gude; oil, owl, then, kh= ch iu Scotch loch. 



DEBILITATION 



332 



DECARBONATE 



ITATING; p.t. and p.p. DEBIL'ITATED.] 

Make weak; impair the strength of. [L. de- 
bilitatus, p.p. of debilito, weaken; from de- 
bilis, weak.] 

DEBILITATION (de-bil-i-ta'shun), n. Act or 
process of debilitating. 

DEBILITY (de-bil'i-ti), n. Weak action of the 
animal functions; weakness and languor; 
feebleness. 

SYN. Weakness; feebleness; faintness; 
frailty; lassitude; languor; infirmity; im- 
becility. ANT. Strength; vigor; energy; 
robustness; tone; nerve. 

DEBIT (deb'it), n. 1. Debt or something due. 
2. Entry on the debtor side of an account. 
[L. debitum; from debeo, owe.] 

DEBIT (debit), vt. [pr.p. DEBITING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEB'ITED.] 1. Charge with a debt. 2. 
Enter on the debit side of an account. 

DEBIT-NOTE ( deb'it-not), n. Item of debit 
sent by purchaser to seller for goods returned. 

DEBIT-TICKET (deb'it-tik-et), n. Bank slip for 
money not drawn by check placed in a de- 
positor's account. 

DEBONAIR (deb-o-nar'), a. Of good appearance 
and manners; elegant; courteous; affable. 
[Fr. ' de, of, bon, good, and air, manner, ap- 
pearance.] 

DEBOUCH (de-bosh'), vi. [pr.p. DEBOUCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEBOUCHED (de-bosht').] March 
or issue from a narrow place into a more 
open ground. [Fr. deboucher; from de, from, 
and bouche, mouth.] 

DEBOUCHMENT (de-bosh'ment), n. Act of 
debouching. 

DEBOUCHURE (da-bo-shUr), w. Mouth of a 
river or strait. [Fr.] 

DEBRIS (da-breO, n. sing, and pi. 1. Rubbish; 
ruins. 2. Geol. Mass of rocky fragments. 
[Fr.] 

DEBT (det), n. 1. What one owes to another. 

2. What one becomes liable to do or suffer. 

3. State of obligation or indebtedness. [L. 
debitum; from debeo, owe.] 

DEBTOR (det'ur), n. One who owes a debt. 

DEBUSCOPE (deb'u-skop), n. Double-mir- 
rored kaleidoscope. 

DEBUT (da-Mi), n. 1. Beginning or first at- 
tempt. 2. First appearance in society or on 
the stage. [Fr.] 

DEBUTANT ( da-bU-tang' ), n. [fern. DEBU- 
TANTE (da-bii-tangt').] One who makes his 
first appearance before the public. [Fr.] 

DECACHORD (dek'a-kgrd), n. Ancient musical 
instrument with ten strings. [Gr. deka, ten, 
and chorde, string.] 

DECADE (dek'ad), DECAD (dek'ad), n. 1. 
Period of ten years. 2. Group of ten. [Gr. 
dekas; from deka, ten.] 

DECADENCE (de-ka'dens), DECADENCY (de- 
ka'den-sl), n. State or process of decay or de- 
terioration. [L. de, down, and cado, fall.] 

DECADENT (de-ka'dent), a. Falling into decay. 



DECAGON (dek'a-gon), n. Geom. Figure having 
ten angles and ten sides. [Gr. deka, ten, and 
gonia, angle.] 

DECAGONAL (de-kag'o-nal), a. Of the nature 
of a decagon. 

DECAGRAM ( dek'a-gram ), n. In the metric 
system, weight of ten grams, equal to 0.353 
oz. [Fr. decagramme; from Gr. deka, ten, and 
Fr. gramme, weight.] 

DECAHEDRAL (dek-a-he'dral), a. Of or per- 
taining to a decahedron; having ten sides. 

DECAHEDRON (dek-a-he'dron), 
n. Solid figure having ten 
faces. [Gr. deka, ten, and 
hedra, seat.] 

DECALCOMANIA ( de-kal-ko- 
ma'ni-a), n. Process of trans- 
ferring pictures to marble, 
glass, wood, etc. [Fr.] 

DECALITER, DECALITRE (dek'- 



>' 


'( 



Decahedron. 



a-le-ter), n. In the metric system, a measure 
of capacity, containing ten liters, or nearly 
2f gallons. [Fr.] 

DECALOGUE (dek'a-log), n. Moral law, or ten 
commandments. [ Gr. deka, ten, and logos, 
discourse.] 

DECALVANT (de-kal'vant), a. Same as DEPIL- 
ATORY. [DE-, and L. calvus, bald.] 

DECAMETER, DECAMETRE (dek'a-me-ter), n. 
In the metric system, a measure of length of 
ten meters, or 32.8 feet. [Gr. deka, ten, and 
metron, measure.] 

DECAMP (de-kamp'), vi. [pr.p. DECAMP'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECAMPED ( de-kampt' ).] 1. 
March away from a camp. 2. Leave suddenly, 
especially with an implied idea of secrecy. 
[Fr. decamper.~\ 

DECAMPMENT (de-kamp'ment), n. Act of de- 
camping. 

DECANAL (dek'a-nal), a. Pertaining to a dean 
or deanery. 

DECANDER (de-kan'der), n. Bot. Plant with 
ten stamens in a single flower. [Gr. deka, ten, 
and aner (andr-), man.] 

DECANT (de-kanf), vt. [pr.p. DECANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECANT'ED.] Pour off, leaving 
sediment; pour from one vessel into another. 
[Fr. decanter.] 

DECANTER (de-kant'er), w. Ornamental bottle 
for holding decanted liquor. 

DECAPITATE (de-kap'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
CAPITATING; p.t. and p.p. DECAPITATED.] 
Behead. [L. de, from, and caput, capitis, head.] 

DECAPITATION (de-kap-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
cutting off the head. 

DECAPOD (dek'a-pod), n. One of the shell-flsh 
which have ten feet or claws, as the crab. 
[Gr. deka, ten, and pous, podos, foot.] 

DECAPODAL (dek-ap'o-dal), DECAPODOUS 
(dek-ap'o-dus), a. Having ten feet. 

DECARBONATE (de-kar'bun-at), vt. [pr.p. 
DECAR'BONATING; p.U and p.p. DECAR- 
BONATED.] Deprive of carbon. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
x\=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch ia Scotch loch. 



DECARBONIZE 



333 



DECIDED 



DECARBONIZE ( de-kar'bun-Iz ), DECARBU- 
RIZE (de-kar'bu-riz), vt. Same as DECAR- 
BONATE. 

DECARE (dek'ar), n. Metric system. Ten ares 
or a thousand square meters, land measure. 

DECASTERE (dek'a-ster), n. In the metric 
system, ten steres; ten cubic meters. [Gr. 
deha, ten, and STERE.] 

DECAY (de-ka), v. [pr.p. DECAYING; p.t. and 
p.p. DECAYED (de-kad').] I. vt. Cause to 
waste away. II. vi. Fall away from a state of 
health or excellence; waste away; rot. [O. Fr. 
decair; from L. de, from, and cado, fall.] 

SYN. Decline; fail; wither; wane; 
dwindle; degenerate; deteriorate; decrease; 
perish; rot; putrefy; spoil. ANT. Rise; 
grow; increase; thrive. 

DECAY (de-ka'), n. Act or state of declining 
gradually from a state of soundness or per- 
fection to one less sound or perfect. 

SYN. Deterioration; degeneracy; de- 
cadence; putrefaction; rottenness; ruin; 
collapse. ANT. Preservation; conservation; 
recovery; regeneration. 

DECEASE (de-ses'), n. Departure from this life; 
death. [O. Fr. deces; from L. decessus; from 
de, away, and cedo, go.] 
SYN. See DEATH. 

DECEASE (de-ses'), vi. [pr.p. DECEASING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECEASED (de-sest').] Die. 

DECEASED (de-sesf), I. a. Dead. II. n. Per- 
son who has died. 

DECEDENT (de-se'dent), n. Person who is 
dead. 

DECEIT (de-set'), n. 1. Act of deceiving. 2. Any- 
thing intended to mislead another; artifice; 
trick; deception; fraud. [O. Fr. deceitie; from 
L. decipio; from de, away, and capio, take.] 
SYN. See DECEPTION. 

DECEITFUL (de-set'fol), a. Disposed or tending 
to deceive. 

SYN. Fraudulent; guileful; treacherous; 
knavish; crafty; designing; deceptive; fal- 
lacious. ANT. Fair; open; sincere. 

DECEITFULLY (de-set'fol-i), adv. In a deceit- 
ful manner. 

DECEITFULNESS (de-set'fQl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being deceitful. 

DECEIVABLE (de-sev'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
deceived. 

DECEIVE (de-sev'), vt. [pr.p. DECEIVING; p.t. 
and p.p. DECEIVED (de-sevd').] 1. Mislead or 
cause to err. 2. Cheat. 3. Disappoint. [0. 
Fr. deceveir; from L. decipio; from de, away, 
and capio, take.] 

SYN. Delude; beguile; ensnare; mislead; 
cheat; trick; gull; dupe; overreach. ANT. 
Enlighten; advise; illumine; disabuse; un- 
deceive; deliver. 

DECEIVER (de-sev'er), n. One who deceives. 
SYN. Impostor; charlatan; pretender; 
cheat. 

DECEMBER (de-sem'ber), n. Last month of 



the year; among the Romans the tenth month, 
with us the twelfth. [L. decern, ten.] 

DECEMVIR (de-sem'ver), n. [pi. DECEMVIRS 
or L. DECEMVIRI (de-sem'vi-ri).] One of 
ten magistrates who at one time had absolute 
power in ancient Rome. [L. decern, ten, and 
vir, man.] 

DECEMVIRAL (de-sem'vi-ral), a. Of or per- 
taining to the decemvirs. 

DECEMVIRATE (de-sem'vi-rat), n. 1. Body of 
ten men in office. 2. Term of office of de- 
cemvirs. 

DECENCY (de'sen-si), n. Becomingness; mod- 
esty; propriety. [See DECENT.] 

DECENNARY (de-sen'a-ri), n. [pi. DECEN'- 
NARIES.] Period of ten years; decade. [L. 
decern, ten, and annus, year.] 

DECENNIAL (de-sen'i-al), a. 1. Lasting or con- 
tinuing for a period of ten years. 2. Occurring 
every ten years. [L. decern, ten, and annus, 
year.] 

DECENT (de'sent), a. 1. Becoming; seemly; 
decorous. 2. Free from obscenity, immodesty, 
or ribaldry. 3. Moderate; tolerable. 4. Grace- 
ful; comely; shapely. [L. decens, pr.p. of 
decet, it is becoming.] 

DECENTLY (de'sent-li), adv. In a decent man- 
ner. 

DECENTRALIZATION (de-sen-tral-i-za'shun), 
n. Act or process of decentralizing. 

DECENTRALIZE (de-sen'tral-Iz), vt. [pr.p. 
DECENTRALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DECEN- 
TRALIZED (de-sen 'tral-izd).] 1. Withdraw 
from the center. 2. Transfer functions from 
the central government to local centers of. 
[DE- and CENTRALIZE.] 

DECEPTION (de-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of de- 
ceiving. 2. Means by which it is sought to de- 
ceive. [L. L. deceptio; from L. deceptus, p.p. 
of decipio, deceive.] 

SYN. Deceit; fraud; snare; artifice; 
cheat; guile; imposture; imposition; fal- 
lacy. ANT. Enlightenment; openness; 
reality; verity. 

DECEPTIVE (de-sep'tiv), a. Tending to deceive; 
misleading. 

DECEPTIVELY (de-sep'tiv-li), adv. In a de- 
ceptive manner. 

DECEPTIVENESS (de-sep'tiv-nes), n. Quality 
of being deceptive. 

DECIARE (des-i-ar'), n. In the metric system, 
one tenth of an are, or ten square meters. 
[Fr.] 

DECIDABLE (de-si'da-bl), a. Capable of being 
decided. 

DECIDE (de-sid'), v. [pr.p. DECIDING; p.t. and 
p.p. DECIDED.] I. vt. 1. Determine; settle; 
adjudge. 2. Arbitrate; resolve. II. vi. 1. 
Give a decision. 2. Come to a decision. [L. 
decido; from de, away, and cmdo, cut.] 

DECIDED (de-si'ded), a. 1. Determined. 2. 
Clear; unmistakable. 3. Resolute. 

SYN. Firm; unshaken; fixed; resolute; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DECIDEDLY 



334 



DECLARE 



> 



determined; unwavering; positive; distinct; 
express; definite; categorical; certain; un- 
disputed; undeniable. ANT. Undecided; 
unsettled; irresolute; vacillating. 

DECIDEDLY (de-si'ded-li), adv. In a decided 
manner. 

DECIDER (de-si'der), n. One who or that which 
decides. 

DECIDUOUS (de-sid'u-us), a. 1. Biol. Falling 
off after a time or season, as certain kinds of 
hair, horns, and teeth of some animals, and 
leaves of most trees. 2. Bot. Shedding leaves 
annually. 

DECIGRAM (des'i-gram), n. In the metric 
system, weight of one tenth of a gram, 1.5432 
grains Troy. [Fr. decigramme.] 

DECILITER (des'i-le-ter), n. In the metric sys- 
tem, a measure of capacity equal to one-tenth 
of a liter, or 3.38 fluid ounces. [Fr. decilitre.] 

DECILLION (de-sil'yun), n. 1. In the French 
and American notation, a thousand raised to 
the eleventh power, or 1 followed by thirty- 
three ciphers. 2. In the English notation, 
a million raised to the tenth power, or 1 fol- 
lowed by sixty ciphers. [L. decern, ten, and 
MILLION.] 

DECILLIONTH (de-sil'yunth), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to a decillion. II. n. One of a decillion 
equal parts. 

DECIMAL (des'i-mal), I. a. Numbered or pro- 
ceeding by tens. II. n. Fraction having ten or 
some power of ten for its denominator. — 
Decimal system, system whose units are tens 
and powers of tens, especially in the French 
metric system of weights and measures. [Fr. 
decimal; from L. L. decimalis; from L. dec- 
imus, tenth.] 

DECIMALLY (des'i-mal-i), adv. By means of 
decimals. 

DECIMATE (des'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. DECIMA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DECIMATED.] 1. Take 
the tenth part of. 2. Kill every tenth man of. 
3. Detroy a considerable portion of. [L. deci- 
maUis, p.p. of decimo; from decimus, tenth; 
from decern, ten.] 

DECIMATION (des-i-ma/shun), n. Act of dec- 
imating or state of being decimated. 

DECTMATOR (des'i-ma-tur), n. One who deci- 
mates. 

DECIME (de-sem'), n. French coin of the value 
of one-tenth of a franc. 

DECIMETER (des'i-me-ter), n. In the metric 
system, a measure of length equal to one- 
tenth of a meter. [Fr. decimetre.'] 

DECIPHER (de-si'fer), vt. [pr.p. DECIPHER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DECIPHERED (de-si'ferd).] 
1. Make out or read, as secret characters or 
writing. 2. Read or explain, as bad or indis- 
tinct writing. [DE- and CIPHER.] 

DECIPHERABLE (de-si'fer-a-bi), o. Capable 

•f being deciphered. 
DECIPHERER (de-si'fer-er), n. One who de- 
ciphers. 



DECISION (de-sizh'un), n. 1. Act of deciding. 
2. Settlement, judgment, or determination 
of an event. 3. Quality of being decided \ 
resolution; firmness. 4. Law. Judgment given 
in a court of justice; judicial precedent. [L- 
decisio; from decido, decide.] 

SYN. Judgment; settlement; determina- 
tion; conclusion; adjudication; resolution; 
firmness. ANT. Indecision; hesitancy; 
doubt; hesitation; vacillation. 

DECISIVE (de-si'siv), a. 1. Having the power 
of deciding. 2. Showing decision. 3. Final; 
positive. 

DECISIVELY (de-si'siv-li), adv. In a decisive 
manner. 

DECISIVENESS (de-si'siv-nes), n. Quality of 
being decisive. 

DECISTERE (des-i-star'), n. In the metric 
system, a cubic measure equal to the tenth of 
a stere, or 3.532 cubic feet. [Fr.] 

DECK (dek), vt. [pr.p. DECKING; p.t. and p.p. 
DECKED (dekt).] 1. Cover; clothe; adorn. 
2. Furnish with a deck, as a vessel. [Dut. 
dekken, cover.] 

DECK (dek), n. 1. Covering or shelter. 2. 
Naut. Horizontal platform extending from 
one side of a vessel to the other, thereby join- 
ing them together, and forming both a floor 
and a covering. 3. Pack of playing cards. 
[Dut. dek.] 

DECKER (dek'er), n. Naut. Vessel that has a 
deck or decks; used only in composition, as a 
double-decfcer, a ship with two decks. 

DECK-HAND (dekhand), n. Sailor without 
any rating as officer on shipboard. 

DECKLE (dek'l), n. Gage on a paper-making 
machine. — Deckle edge, raw or ragged edge 
of hand-made paper. — Deckle-edged, having 
a rough uncut edge. [Ger.] 

DECLAIM (de-klam'), v. [pr.p. DECLAIMING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECLAIMED (de-klamd).] I. 
vt. Recite. II. vi. 1. Make a set or rhetorical 
speech; harangue. 2. Recite in public. [L. 
declamo, cry out.] 

DECLAIMER (de-klam'er), n. One who de- 
claims. 

DECLAMATION (dek-la-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of 
declaiming. 2. Set speech in public. 3. Dis- 
play in speaking. 4. Music. Proper rhetorical 
rendering of words set to music. 

DECLAMATORY (de-klam'a-to-ri), o. 1. Of 
the nature of declamation. 2. Appealing to 
the passions. 3. Noisy and rhetorical merely. 
DECLARATION (dek-la-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
declaring. 2. That which is declared. 3. 
Written affirmation. 4. Law. Pleading In 
which the plaintiff in an action at law sets 
forth his case against the defendant. 
DECLARATORY (de-klar'a-to-ri), DECLARA- 
TIVE (de-klar'a-tiv), a. 1. Making declara- 
tion; assertive. 2. Explanatory. 
DECLARE (de-klar'), v. [pr.p. DECLARING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECLARED (de-klard').] L vt. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



DECLARED 



335 



DECOMPOUND 



1. Make known. 2. Assert; affirm; avow. 
3. Make a full statement of, as of goods at a 
custom house. II. vi. Make a declaration or 
avowal. — Declare one's self, throw off reserve 
or disguise, and state openly one's opinion, or 
the side one will take. [L. declaro; from de, 
wholly, and clarus, clear.] 

DECLARED (de-klard), a. Avowed; pro- 
fessed. 

DECLAREDLY (de-klar'ed-li), adv. Openly; 
avowedly; explicitly. 

DECLASS (de-klas), vt. [pr.p. DECLASS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECLASSED (de-klast).] With- 
draw from a class or classification. 

DECLENSION (de-klen'shun), n. 1. Falling off; 
deterioration; impairment; decay. 2. Act 
of declining. 3. Slope or incline. 4. Gram. 
(1) Inflection of nouns, adjectives and pro- 
nouns, or change of endings, to indicate 
gender, person, number, and case. (2) Act of 
declining a noun, etc., or giving the different 
forms it assumes. (3) Class of nouns de- 
clined after the same pattern. [L. declinatio, 
turning or leaning away.] 

DECLINABLE (de-kli'na-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing declined or inflected. 

DECLINAL (de-kli'nal), DECLINATE (de-kli- 
nat), a. Bending downward. 

DECLINATION (dek-li-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
declining. 2. Inclination; descent; slope. 
3. Deterioration; decay. 4. Deviation. 5. 
Non-acceptance; refusal. 6. Astron. Distance 
from the celestial equator. [L. declinatio; 
from declino, decline.] 

DECLINATOR (dek'li-na-tur), n. Instrument 
used in determining declination. 

DECLINATORY (de-kli'na-to-ri), a. Contain- 
ing a declination or refusal. 

DECLINATURE (de-kll'na-tur), n. Act of de- 
clining or refusing. 

DECLINE (de-klln'), v. [pr.p. DECLI'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. DECLINED (de-klind').] I. vt. 1. 
Bend down. 2. Turn away from. 3. Refuse; 
reject. 4. Gram. Inflict, or give the case forms 
of. II. vi. 1. Bend, hang, tend, or slope down- 
ward. 2. Deviate. 3. Fail or decay. 4. Stoop 
or condescend. 5. Refuse. 6. Approach the 
close or end. [L. declino; from de, away from, 
down, and clino, bend, lean.] 

DECLINE (de-klin'), n. Diminution; deteriora- 
tion; decay; gradual impairment of the bodily 
or mental faculties. 

SYN. Abatement; deficiency; failing; 
diminution; deterioration; decay; con- 
sumption; phthisis. ANT. Increase; rise; 
growth. 

DECLINER (de-kli'ner), n. One who declines. 

DECLINOGRAPH (de-kli'no-graf), n. Auto- 
matic recorder on instrument used for measur- 
ing declinations. 

DECLINOMETER (dek-li-nom'e-ter), n. Astron. 
Instrument used to "measure declination of th^ 
heavenly bodies. 



DECLIVITOUS (de-kliv'i-tus), DECLIVOUS 
(dek'Ii-vus), a. Gradually slopingordescending. 

DECLI VIT Y (de-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. DECLIVITIES.] 
1. Place that declines or slopes downward; 
opposed to ACCLIVITY. 2. Inclination down- 
ward ; gradual descent. [L. declivitas; from de, 
downward, and clivus, sloping.] 

DECLUTCH (de-kluch), vt. [pr.p. DECLUTCH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DECLUTCHED (de- 
klucht').] Release grip or clutch of, as in 
automobiling. 

DECOCT (de-kokf), vt. [pr.p. DECOCTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECOCT 'ED.] 1. Prepare by 
boiling. 2. Extract the substance of by boil- 
ing. [L. decoctus, p.p. of decoquo, boil down; 
from de, down, and coquo, cook;] 

DECOCTION (de-kok'shun), n. 1. Extract of 
anything obtained by boiling. 2. Act or 
process of decocting. 

DECOHERE (de-ko-her'), v. [pr.p. DECOHER- 
ING ; p.t. and p.p. DECOHERED (de-ko-herd ') . ] 

1. vt. Restore to normal condition; said of a 
coherer. II. vi. Return a coherer to normal 
condition. 

DECOHERER (de-ko-ker'er), n. Wireless Tel. 
Apparatus to normalize a coherer. 

DECOLLATE (de-kol'at), vt. [pr.p. DECOL'- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. DECOLLATED.] Be- 
head; decapitate. [L. decollatus, p.p. of de- 
collo, behead; from de 9 away, and collum, 
neck.] 

DECOLLATED (de-kol'a-ted), a. 1. Beheaded. 

2. Rounded off, as the apex of a spiral shell. 
DECOLLATION (dek-ol-la/shun), n. Act of be- 
heading; decapitation. 

DECOLLETlS (da-kol-e-ta'), a. Cut low in the 
neck, as in a low-necked dress. [Fr. decolleter, 
bare the neck and shoulders.] 

DECOLLET^E (da-kol-e-ta), a. (fern.) Having 
the neck and shoulders bare. 

DECOLOR (de-kul'ur), vt. [pr.p. DECOL'ORING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECOLORED (de-kul'fird).] De- 
prive of color. [DE- and COLOR.] 

DECOLORIZER (de-kul'ur-I-zer), n. Chem. 
Bleaching agent used to remove color. 

DECOMPOSABLE (de-kom-po'za-bl), a. Capa- 
ble of being decomposed. 

DECOMPOSE (de-kom-poz'), v. [pr.p. DECOM- 
POSING; p.t. and p.p. DECOMPOSED (de- 
kom-pozd').] I. vt. 1. Separate into the parts 
composing. 2. Resolve into original elements. 
II. vi. Decay; rot; putrefy. [DE- and COM- 
POSE.] 

DECOMPOSITE (de-kom-poz'it), a. Decom- 
pound. 

DEC03IPOSITION (de-kom-po-zish'un), n. 1. 
Act of decomposing. 2. Decay or dissolution. 

DECOMPOUND (de-kom-pownd'), a. 1. Com- 
pounded a second time. 2. Hot* Twice or 
thrice pinnate, said of leaves. [DE- and 
COMPOUND.] 

DECOMPOUND (de-kom-pownd'), vt. [pr.p. 
DECOMPOUND'ING; p.t. and p.p. DECOM- 



fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



im, 



DEC03IPRESSION 



336 



DECRY 



> 



POUND 'ED.] 1. Compound again. 2. Divide 
into constituent parts. 

DECOMPRESSION (de-kom-presh'un), n. 
Mech. Withdrawal of compressed air in 
caissons and other submerged appliances; 
more especially as to naval submarine boats. 

DECORATE (dek'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. DECORA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DECORATED.] 1. Orna- 
ment or beautify. 2. Honor with a badge or 
medal. [L. decoratus, p.p. of decoro, adorn.] 
SYN. See ADORN. 

DECORATION (dek-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
decorating. 2. Ornament, or anything used 
for decorating. 3. Badge of an order, or one 
conferred as a mark of honor. — Decoration 
day, May 30th, when the memory of the 
soldiers who fell in the American Civil -War 
of 1861-65 is honored by the decoration of 
their graves with flowers; now more properly 
termed Memorial day. 

DECORATIVE (dek'o-ra-tiv), a. Pertaining to, 
used, or fit for, embellishment; ornamental. 

DECORATOR (dek'o-ra-tur), n. One who dec- 
orates. 

DECOROUS (de-ko'rus), a. Becoming; suit- 
able; proper; decent. [L. decorus, becoming.] 

DECOROUSLY (de-ko'rus-li), adv. In a deco- 
rous manner. 

DECOROUSNESS (de-ko'rus-nes), n. Decent or 
becoming behavior; decorum. 

DECORTICATE (de-kar'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
CORTICATING; p.t. and p.p. DECOR'TI- 
CATED.] Deprive of the bark, husk, or peel. 
[L. decorticatus, p.p. of decortico, strip the bark 
from.] 

DECORTICATION (de-kar-ti-ka'shun), n. Act 
or process of stripping the bark, peel or husk 
off. 

DECORTICATOR (de-kar'ti-ka-tur), n. Process 
or machine for removing the hull from grain. 

DECORUM (de-ko'rum), n. That which is be- 
coming in outward appearance; propriety of 
conduct. [L., from decorus, becoming.] 

DECOY (de-koi'), vt. [pr.p. DECOYING; p.t. 
and p.p. DECOYED (de-koid').] Lure or en- 
tice, as into a trap or snare. [L. de, down, and 
O. Fr. coi, quiet.] 

SYN. Lure; entice; deceive; entrap; 
allure; inveigle; tempt; seduce. ANT. 
Guide; instruct; warn; conduct; disabuse; 
extricate. 

DECOY (de-koi), I. n. 1. Anything intended 
to lure into a trap or snare; lure. 2. Apparatus 
of hoops and net work for trapping wild-ducks. 
II. a. Serving as a decoy or lure, as a decoy 
duck, a wild-duck tamed to entice others Into 
a trap. 

DECOY-DUCK (de-koi'duk), n. Artificial float- 
ing duck or tamed wild duck used by sports- 
men In duck-shooting. 

DECREASE (de-kres'), v. [pr.p. DECREASING; 
p.t. and p.p. DECREASED (de-krest').] I. 
vt. 1. Make less. 2. Lessen gradually. II. 



vi. 1. Become less. 2. Be diminished by , 
degrees in size or power. [L. decresco; from 
de, from, and cresco, grow.] 

SYN. Lessen; diminish; reduce; curtail; 
abate; wane; decline; lower; subside. ANT. 
Increase; grow; amplify; expand; augment; 
extend; enlarge. 

DECREASE (de-kres'), n. 1. Act, process or 
state of becoming less; diminution; wane. 2. 
Amount, quantity, or extent by which any- 
thing becomes less. 

DECREASINGLY (de-kres'ing-11), adv. In a 
decreasing or diminishing manner. 

DECREE (de-kre'), n. 1. Formal order by one 
in authority. 2. Edict or law. 3. Judicial de- 
cision. 4. Predetermined purpose. [L. de- 
cretum; from decerno, decide.] 

SYN. Decision; determination; mandate; 
edict; manifesto; rule; verdict; ordinance; 
canon; law; ukase. ANT. Cue; hint; sug- 
gestion; intimation; request. 

DECREE (de-kre'), v. [pr.p. DECREEING; p.t. 
and p.p. DECREED (de-kred').] I. vt. Ap- 
point, decide, or determine by a decree. II. vi. 
Make a decree. 

DECREMENT ( dek're-ment ), n. 1. Act or 
state of decreasing. 2. Quantity lost by de- 
crease. [L. decrementum.] 

DECREPIT (de-krep'it), a. Broken down, worn 
out, or enfeebled, as by the infirmities of old 
age. [L. decrepitus, noiseless.] 

DECREPITATE (de-krep'i-tat), v. [pr.p. DE- 
CREPITATING; p.t. and p.p. DECREPI- 
TATED.] I. vt. Roast so as to cause a con- 
tinual crackling; calcine. II. vi. Crackle, as 
salt when heated. [DE- and CREPITATE.] 

DECREPITATION (de-krep-i-ta'shun), n. Act 
of decrepitating; crackling noise. 

DECREPITUDE (de-krep'i-tud), n. State of 
being decrepit. 

DECRESCENT ( de-kres 'ent), a. Becoming 
gradually less; decreasing; waning. [L.] 

DECRETAL (de-kre'tal), I. a. Pertaining to a 
decree. II. n. 1. Decree, especially of the 
pope. 2. Book containing decrees. 3. [pi.] 
Second part of the canon law, the decrees of 
various popes determining points of ecclesias- 
tical law. [L. decretalis, containing a decree; 
from decretum, decree.] 

DECRETIVE ( de-kre tiv), a. Pertaining to or 
having the force of a decree. 

DECRETORY (dek're-to-ri), a. 1. Judicial; 
deciding; definitive. 2. Critical; determining. 

DECRIAL (de-kri'al), n. Clamorous outcry 
against; hasty or noisy censure or condemna- 
tion. 

DE CRIER (de-kri'er), n. One who decries, or 
cries down anything. 

DECRY (de-kri), vt. [pr.p. DECRYING; p.t. 
and p.p. DECRIED (de-krid').] Cry down; 
condemn; censure as worthless. [Fr. d$- 
crier; from de-, down, and crier, cry.] 
SYN. Depreciate; traduce; disparage; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DECUMBENCE 



337 



DEEPNESS 



denounce; defame; vilify. ANT. Extol; 
jid; praise; eulogize; panegyrize. 

DECUMBENCE (de-kum'bens), DECUMBENCY 
(de-kum'ben-si), n. Act or posture of lying 
down. 

DECUMBENT (de-kum'bent), a. Lying down; 
prostrate. [L. decumbens; from de, down, and 
cubo, lie.] 

DECUMBITURE (de-kum'bi-tiir), n. Time a 
patient takes to or keeps his bed. 

DECUPLE (dek'u-pl), I. a. Tenfold. II. n. 
Number ten times repeated. [L. decuplus; 
from decern, ten, and plico, fold.] 

DECURION (de-ku'ri-on), n. 1. Roman officer 
having command of ten soldiers. 2. Any over- 
seer or commander of ten. [L. decurlo; from 
decern, ten.] 

DECURRENT (de-kur'ent), a. Running or ex- 
tending downward. [L. decurrens; from de, 
down, and curro, run.] 

DECURSION (de-kiir'zhun), n. 1. Act or state 
of running or flowing down. 2. Military 
maneuver or parade. [L. decursio; from 
decurro, run down.] 

DECUSSATE (de-kus'at), vi. [pr.p. DECUS'SA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DECUSSATED.] 1. Cross 
in the form of an X. 2. Intersect; interlace. 
[L. decussatus, p.p. of decusso, mark with a 
' cross; from decussis, a copper coin of the value 
of ten asses (decern asses), marked with an X, 
symbol of ten.] 

DECUSSATE (de-kus'at), a. 1. Crossed; inter- 
sected. 2. Bot. Arranged in pairs which cross 
each other, as some leaves. 

DECUSSATELY (de-kus'at-li), adv. In a de- 
cussate or intersecting manner. 

DECUSSATION (dek-us-sa'shun), n. 1. Act or 
point of crossing. 2. Figure like an X. 

DEDICATE (ded'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. DEDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEDICATED.] 1. Set apart 
and consecrate to some sacred purpose. 2. 
Devote wholly or chiefly. 3. Inscribe, as to 

^a friend or patron. [L. dedicatus, p.p. of 
dedico, devote.] 
SYN. Devote; consecrate; inscribe. ANT. 
Alienate; misapply; desecrate. 

DEDICATE (ded'i-kat), a. Dedicated; devoted. 

DEDICATION (ded'i-ka'shun ), n. 1. Act of 
dedicating. 2. Inscription to a patron, friend, 
or person esteemed, prefixed to a book, etc. 

DEDICATOR (ded'i-ka-tur), n. One who dedi- 
cates. 

DEDICATORY (ded'i-ka-to-ri), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or of the nature of, a dedication. 

DEDIMUS (ded'i-mus), n. Law. Writ empower- 
ing any person to do some act for or in place 
of a judge — from its first word. [L. dedimus, 
we have given; from do, give.] 

DEDOLATION (ded-o-la'shun), n. Med. Skin 
removal by slicing obliquely. 

DEDUCE (de-dus'), vt. [pr.p. DEDUCING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEDUCED (de-dust').] 1. Draw or 
derive as a conclusion; gather by reasoning; 



infer; conclude. 2. Trace the origin of; derive. 
[L. deduco; from, de, form and duco, lead.] 

DEDUCIBLE (de-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
deduced. 

DEDUCIVE (de-du'siv), a. Performing deduc- 
tion; deducing; inferential. 

DEDUCT (de-dukt), vt. [pr.p. DEDUCTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEDUCTED.] Take away; sub- 
tract. [L. deductus, p.p. of deduco.] 

DEDUCTION (de-duk'shun), n. 1. Act of de- 
ducing, or drawing of a particular truth from 
a general one; specialization. Opposed to 
INDUCTION. 2. That which is deduced; con- 
clusion. 3. Act of deducting. 4. That which 
is deducted; abatement; subtraction. 

DEDUCTIVE (de-duk'tiv), a. Pertaining to, 
containing, or based on, deduction; deducible. 

DEDUCTIVELY (de-duk'tiv-li), adv. By way of 
necessary inference. 

DEDUPLICATION (de-du-pli-ka'shun), n. Biol. 
Division of an organ into a pair or cluster. 
[DE- and DUPLICATION.] 

DEED (ded), n. 1. Action or thing done or 
effected. 2. Exploit; achievement. 3. Fact; 
reality. 4. Law. Instrument in writing or 
in print, or partly in each, conveying real 
estate to a purchaser or donee. [A. S. deed; 
from don, do.] 

DEED (ded), vt. [pr.p. DEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
DEED'ED.] Transfer or convey by deed. 

DEEM (dem), v. [pr.p. DEEMING; p.t. and p.p. 
DEEMED (demd).] I. vt. Consider; think; 
regard; suppose; believe; esteem; judge. II. 
vi. Be of opinion; suppose. [A.S. deman, form 
a judgment; from dotn, doom.] 

DEEMSTER (dem'ster), n. Either of the two 
highest judicial officers on the Isle of Man. 
[Variant of DOOMSTER.] 

DEEP (dep), I. a. 1. Extending far down or 
far from the outside. 2. Difficult to under- 
stand; abstruse. 3. Wise and penetrating; 
sagacious. 4. Intense; heart-felt. 5. Artful in 
scheming; insidious. 6. Dark-colored. 7. Low 
in tone; grave. 8. Encumbered with mud, 
sand, or ruts, as a road. II. n. 1. Any- 
thing particularly deep, especially the sea. 
2. Anything profound or incomprehensible. 
III. adv. In a deep manner; deeply. [A. S. 
deop.] 

SYN. Buried; profound; submerged; 
bottomless; sunk; underground; un- 
fathomable; penetrating. ANT. Shallow; 
shoaly; superficial; skin-deep; vacant; 
wanting. 

DEEPEN (dep'n), v. [pr.p. DEEPENING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEEPENED (dep'nd).] I. vt. Make 
deeper. II. vi. Become deeper. 

DEEPLY (dep'li), adv. 1. To or at a great depth. 
2. Profoundly; thoroughly; feelingly. 3. 
With great skill; artfully. 4. Intensely; very 
(of colors). 5. With deep or low tone; gravely. 

DEEPNESS (dep'nes), n. Quality of being deep, 
generally in a figurative sense. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DEER 



338 



DEFEND 




Deer. 



> 




Deermouse (Zapus 
hudsonius) . 



DEER (der), n. [pi. DEER.] Zool. Ruminant of 
several genera and many 
species, all of the family 
Cervidce, distinguished 
by their solid, decidious 
horns or antlers, which, 
with the single excep- 
tion of the reindeer, are 
borne by the males only. 
[A. S. deor, wild animal.] 

DEERHOUND (der'hownd), 
n. Dog used in hunting 
deer; staghound. 

DEER-LICK(der'lik),n. Saline 
bog or other place where 
deer resort to lick the earth for salt. 

DEERMOUSE ( der'mows) , 
n. [pi. DEER'MICE.] 
Common name for sev- 
eral species of American 
mice (genus Calomys) 
with short fore legs and 
very long hind legs and 
tail. 

DEER-STALKING (der'stak-ing), n. The hunt- 
ing of deer by stealing upon them unawares. 

DEFACE (de-fas'), vt. [pr.p. DEFACING; p.U 
and p.p. DEFACED (de-fast').] Mar or destroy 
the face or external appearance of; spoil the 
looks of; obliterate; efface. [O. Fr. desfacier; 
from L. dis, away, and fades, face.] 

DEFACEMENT (de-fas'ment), n. 1. Act of de- 
facing. 2. Injury to form or appearance. 3. 
That which defaces. 

DEFACER (de-fa'ser), n. One who or that which 
defaces. 

DEFALCATE (de-fal'kat), v. [pr.p. DEFALCA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFALCATED.] I. vt. 
Cut off a part of; reduce; curtail. II. vi. 
Embezzle money held in trust. [From L. L. 
defalcatus, p.p. of defalco, cut off.] 

DEFALCATION (def-al-ka'shun), n. 1. Mis- 
appropriation of funds entrusted to one; "em- 
bezzlement. 2. Amount in which default is 
made; deficit. 3. A diminution or abatement. 

DEFALCATOR (def'al-ka-tiir), n. Defaulter. 

DEFAMATION ( def-a-ma'shun ), n. Act of de- 
faming; calumny; slander. 

DEFAMATORY (de-fam'a-to-ri), a. Calumni- 
ous; slanderous. 

DEFAME (de-fam), v. [pr.p. DEFAMING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEFAMED (de-famd').] I. vt. Take 
away or destroy the good fame or reputation 
of. 2. Speak evil of. II. vi. Give vent to 
defamatory words; ascribe defamatory acts; 
be guilty of defamation. [O. Fr. defamer; from 
L. diffamo; from dis, away, and fama, report.] 

SYN. Slander; calumniate; asperse; tra- 
duce; libel; dishonor. See DECRY. 

DEFAMER (de-fa'mer), n. One who defames. 

DEFAULT (de-falf), n. 1. Omission or failure 
to do any act. 2. A defalcation in accounts. 
3. Deficiency; lack. 4. Law. Failure to ap- 



pear in court on the day assigned. [O. Fr. 
defaute; de (from L. dis), apart, and faute, 
fault.] 

DEFAULT (de-falf), v. [pr.p. DEFAULTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFAULTED.] I. vt. 1. Fail in 
the performance of; neglect. 2. Law. Declare 
in default. II. vi. 1. Fail through neglect of 
duty. 2. Law. Make default in appearing in 
court, or in putting in an answer or plea in the 
time limited. 

DEFAULTER (de-falt'er), n. 1. One who fails 
to account for money entrusted to his care, or 
to settle a debt of honor. 2. Law. One who 
fails to appear in court, or neglects to put in a 
plea, within the time required. 

DEFEASANCE (de-fez'ans), n. Act of annulling 
or abrogating; undoing; defeat. [O. Fr. 
defaisance; from defaire, undo.] 

DEFEASIBLE ( de-fez i-bl ), a. Capable of being 
annulled or abrogated. 

DEFEAT (de-fef), vt. [pr.p. DEFEAT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEFEAT'ED.] 1. Overthrow; van- 
quish. 2. Frustrate; thwart; baffle; foil. 3. 
Render null and void. [O. Fr. defait, p.p. of 
defaire, undo.] 

SYN. Conquer; vanquish; overthrow; 
overpower; overcome; rout; subdue; beat; 
repulse; foil; disconcert; discomfit; baffle; 
disappoint; frustrate. ANT. Aid; secure; 
promote; insure; speed; advance; establish. 

DEFEAT (de-fet), n. 1. Overthrow, as of an 
army in battle. 2. State of being overthrown 
or vanquished. 3. A frustration; a rendering 
null and void. 

DEFECATE (def'e-kat), v. [pr.p. DEF'ECA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFECATED.] I. vt. Clear 
from dregs or impurities; purify. II. vi. 1. 
Become free from dregs or impurities. 2. 
Void excrement. [L. defmcatus, p.p. of defceco, 
purify from dregs.] 

DEFECATE (def'e-kat), DEFECATED (def'e- 
ka-ted), a. Clarified; purified; refined. 

DEFECATION (def-e-ka'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of purifying. 2. Evacuation of the 
bowels. 

DEFECT (de-fekf), n. 1. Absence of something 
necessary; deficiency. 2. Imperfection; blem- 
ish; fault. [L. defectus; from deficio, be want- 
ing, fail.] 

DEFECTION (de-fek'shun), n. Abandonment of 
allegiance or duty; revolt. 

DEFECTIVE (de-fekt'iv), a. 1. Wanting In 
some necessary quality; imperfect; faulty. 
2. Gram. Wanting one or more of the usual 
forms of declension or conjugation, as a de- 
fective noun or verb. 

DEFECTIVELY (de-fekt'iv-li), adv. In a de- 
fective manner. 

DEFECTIVENESS (de-fekt'iv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being defective. 

DEFENCE (de-fens'), n. Same as DEFENSE. 

DEFEND (de-fend), v. [pr.p. DEFENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFENDED.] I. vt. 1. Keep off 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i. in Scotch loch. 



DEPENDABLE 



339 



DEFINITION 



anything hurtful from; maintain against 

attack; guard or protect. 2. Law. Appear in 

court and make a defense of; resist, as a 

claim; contest. II. vi. Make defense. [L. 

defendo, ward off.] 
DEFENDABLE (de-fend'a-bl), a. Capable of 

being defended. 
DEFENDANT (de-fend'ant), I. a. Defending; 

contesting. II. n. 1. Defender. 2. Law. 

Person accused or sued. 
DEFENDER (de-fend'er), n. One who defends, 

supports, maintains, or upholds; protector; 

champion. 
DEFENSE, DEFENCE (de-fens'), n. 1. Act of 

defending. 2. That which defends; protection. 

3. Vindication; excuse; justification. 4. Law. 
Defendant's plea. 5. Party defending. [L. 
defensus, p.p. of defendo, defend.] 

DEFENSELESS (de-fens'Ies), a. Without 
means of defense; unprotected. 

DEFENSELESSNESS (de-fensles-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being defenseless. 

DEFENSIBILITT ( de-fen-si-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being defensible. 

DEFENSIBLE (de-fen'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
defended. 

DEFENSIVE (de-fen'siv), a. 1. Serving to de- 
fend. 2. In a state or posture of defense. 3. 
Carried on in self-defense; not offensive. — Be 
on the defensive, be in the position to defend 
one's self. 

DEFENSIVELY (de-fen'siv-li), adv. In a de- 
fensive manner. 

DEFENSORT (de-fen'so-ri), a. Defensive. [L. 
defensorius.] 

DEFER (de-fer'), v. [pr.p. DEFERRING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEFERRED (de-ferd').] I. vt. Sub- 
mit to or lay before. II. vi. Yield to the wishes 
or opinions of another, or to authority. [L. 
defero; from de, down, and fero, bear.] 

DEFER (de-fer'), v. [pr.p. DEFERRING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEFERRED (de-ferd).] I. vt. Put 
off to another time; delay; postpone. II. vi. 
Procrastinate; wait. [L. differo, bear asunder.] 

DEFERENCE (def'er-ens), n. A deferring or 
yielding in judgment or opinion; regard; re- 
spect. 

SYN. Respect; regard; honor; reverence; 
veneration; homage; obeisance; com- 
plaisance; condescension. ANT. Disrespect; 
contumely; contumacy; impudence. 

DEFERENTIAL (def-er-en'shal), a. Showing 
deference or respect. 

DEFERENTIALLY (def-er-en'shal-i), adv. In 
a deferential manner. 

DEFERMENT (de-fer'ment), n. A putting off; 
delay; adjournment; postponement. 

DEFERRER (de-fer'er), n. Procrastinator; de- 
layer. 

DEFIANCE (de-fi'ans), n. 1. Act of defying. 
2. Challenge to combat. 3. Aggressiveness. 

4. Contempt of opposition. 

DEFIANT (de-fi'ant), a. Characterized by de- 



fiance; showing or bidding defiance; insolently 
bold. 

DEFIANTLY (de-fi'ant-li), adv. In a defiant 
manner. 

DEFICIENCE (de-fish'ens), n. Deficiency. 

DEFICIENCY (de-fish'en-si), n. [pi. DEFI- 
CIENCIES ( de-fish'en-siz).] 1. A falling 
short; insufficiency; lack. 2. Amount or 
quantity lacking; deficit. 

DEFICIENT (de-fish'ent), a. 1. Not complete; 
wanting; lacking; defective; imperfect. 2. 
Not fully supplied, prepared, or endowed. 
[L. deficiens, pr.p. of deficio, fail.] 

DEFICIENTLY (de-fish'ent-li), adv. In a de- 
ficient manner. 

DEFICIT (def'i-sit), n. Deficiency, especially of 
revenue, as compared with expenditure. [L., 
it is wanting; from deficio, fail, be wanting.] 

DEFIER (de-fi'er), n. One who defies. 

DEFILADE (def-i-lad), vt. [pr.p. DEFILA'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFILA'DED.] Construct (a forti- 
fication) so as to protect it from enfilading 
fire. [Fr.] 

DEFILE (de-fil'), vt. [pr.p. DEFILING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEFILED (de-fild').] 1. Pollute or cor- 
rupt. 2. Violate. 3. Mosaic Law. Make cere- 
monially unclean. [DE-, and A. S. fylan, 
made foul.] 

DEFILE (de-fil), vi. [pr.p. DEFILING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEFILED (de-fild).] Mil. March off in file 
or line, or file by file. [Fr. defiler; from L. dis, 
away, and filum, thread.] 

DEFILE (de-fil'), n. 1. Narrow pass or passage, 
as between hills. 2. Mil. Act of defiling or 
marching off in a line, or file by file. 3. Fort. 
Act of defilading. 

DEFILEMENT (de-fil'ment), n. Act of defiling 
or state of being defiled; foulness; pollution. 

DEFILER (de-fi'ler), n. One who defiles; cor- 
rupter; violator. 

DEFINABLE (de-fi'na-bl), a. Capable of being 
defined. 

DEFINE (de-fin), v. [pr.p. DEFINING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEFINED (de-find).] I. vt. 1. Fix the 
bounds or limits of. 2. Determine with pre- 
cision. 3. Describe accurately. 4. Fix the 
meaning of; give a definition of. II. vi. Give 
a definition; explain things by their qualities 
and circumstances. [L. definio; from de, down, 
and finis, limit.] 

DEFINER (de-fi'ner), n. 1. One who defines. 
2. Book giving definitions. 

DEFINITE (def'i-nit), a. 1. Having distinct 
limits; fixed; defined. 2. Certain in meaning; 
exact; clear; precise. — Definite article. Gram. 
The article or demonstrative adjective the, 
so called because it defines or limits the noun 
to which it belongs. 

DEFINITELY (def'i-nit-li), adv. In a definite 
manner. 

DEFINITENESS (def'i-nit-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being definite. 

DEFINITION (def-i-nish'un), n. 1. Act or proc- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DEFINITIVE 



340 



DEFRAYMENT 



I 



ess of defining or describing anything by its 
properties. 2. An explanation of the exact 
meaning of a word, term, or phrase. 3. Act of 
determining the outlines or limits of anything; 
defining or limiting. 4. Logic. Description 
which explains any term so as to separate or 
distinguish it from everything else. 5. Optics. 
State of being clearly outlined or determined, 
or the power of clearly outlining and deter- 
mining. 

SYN. Explanation; exposition; descrip- 
tion; comment; commentary. 

DEFINITIVE (de-fin'i-tiv), I. a. Defining or 
limiting; positive; explicit. II. n. Gram. 
Word used to limit the signification of a noun. 
Such are the definite article the and the 
demonstrative pronouns this, that, these, those. 

DEFINITIVELY (de-fin'i-tiv-li), adv. 1. Deter- 
minated; expressly; positively. 2. Finally; 
conclusively; definitely. 

DEFINITIVENESS (de-fin'i-tiv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being definitive. 

DEFLAGRABILITY(def-la-gia-bil'i-ti), n. Com- 
bustibility. 

DEFLAGRABLE (def'la-gra-bl), a. Combus- 
tible. 

DEFLAGRATE (def'la-grat), v. [pr.p. DEFLA- 
GRATING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLAGRATED.] 

I. vt. Set fire to and consume rapidly and 
completely by deflagration. II. vi. Be con- 
sumed by deflagration. [L. deflagratus, p.p. 
of deflagro, consume by fire.] 

DEFLAGRATION (def-la-gra'shun), n. Sudden 
rapid combustion, accompanied with flame or 
sparkling. [L. deftagratio; from deflagro, con- 
sume by fire.] 

DEFLAGRATOR (defla-gra-tiir), n. Galvanic 
apparatus for producing rapid combustion. 

DEFLECT (de-flekt), v. [pr.p. DEFLECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFLECT'ED.] I. vt. Bend or 
cause to turn to one side, or from a straight line. 

II. vi. Turn or move to one side; become de- 
flected; deviate. [L. deflecto; from de, from, 
and flecto, bend.] 

DEFLECTED (de-flekt'ed), a. Bot. Bent ab- 
ruptly downward. 

DEFLECTION (de-flek'shun), n. Deviation. 

DEFLECTIVE (de-flekt'iv), a. Causing de- 
flection. 

DEFLECTOR (de-flekt'ur), n. Anything that 
deflects or causes deflection. 

DEFLEX (de-fleks'), vt. [pr.p. DEFLEX'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFLEXED (de-flekst).] Biol. 
Bend down. [L. de, down, and flecto, flexum, 
bend.] 

DEFLEXURE (de-fleks'ur), n. Deviation; de- 
flection. 

DEFLORATE ( de-flo'rat ), a. Bot. Past the 
flowering state, as an anther after it has shed 
its pollen. [L. L. defloratus; from L. defloro, 
lose its blossoms.] 

DEFLORATION (de-flo-ra'shun), n. Act of 
deflowering. 



DEFLOWER, DEFLOUR (de-flowr), vt. [pr.p. 
DEFLOWERING; p.t. and p.p. DEFLOW- 
ERED (de-flowrd').] 1. Deprive of flowers. 2. 
Deprive of grace and beauty. 3. Despoil o' 
virginity; ravish. [L.L. defloro; from L. dt 
away, and flos, floris, flower.] 

DEFLOWERER (de-flowr'er), n. One who de 
flowers, in any sense. 

DEFLUENT (def'16-ent), a. Running down; 
decurrent. [L. de, down, and fluo, flow.] 

DEFLUXION (de-fluk'shun), n. Pathol. Dis- 
charge or flowing off of fluid matter, as a de- 
fluxion from the nose in catarrh. [L. L. de- 
fluxio; from defluo, flow.] 

DEFOLIATE ( de-fo'li-at) , vt. [pr.p. DEFOLIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEFOLIATED.] Deprive 
of leaves. [L. de, from, and folium, leaf.] 

DEFOLIATE (de-fo'li-at), DEFOLIATED (de- 
fo'li-a-ted), a. Bot. Deprived of or having 
lost its leaves. 

DEFOLIATION (de-fo-li-a'shun), n. 1. The fall- 
ing off of leaves. 2. The time of shedding 
leaves. 

DEFORCE (de-fors'), vt. [pr.p. DEFOR'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFORCED (de-forst').] Law. 
Keep out of possession by force. [O. Fr. de- 
forcer.] 

DEFORCEMENT (de-fors'ment), n. The with- 
holding of an estate from its rightful owner. 

DEFOREST (de-for'est), vt. [pr.p. DEFOREST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DEFORESTED.] Deprive 
of forests. 

DEFORM (de-farm'), vt. [pr.p. DEFORM'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFORMED (de-farmd').] 1. Mar 
or injure the form of; disfigure. 2. Alter the 
form of. [L. deformo; from de, from, and 
forma, beauty.] 

DEFORMATION (def-ar-ma'shun), n. A de- 
facing or disfiguring. 

DEFOR3IED (de-farmd'), a. Misshapen; dis- 
figured. 

DEFORMITY (de-farm'i-ti), n. [pi. DEFORM'- 
1TIES.] 1. State of being deformed. 2. Mis- 
shapen part; disfigurement. 3. Ugly feature 
or characteristic. [L. dcformitas; from de- 
formis, deformed; de, from, and forma, 
beauty.] 

DEFRAUDide-frad), vt. [pr.p. DEFRAUDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEFRAUDED.] Deprive of or 
withhold by fraud; cheat; swindle. [L. de- 
fraudo; from de, from, and fraus, fraudis, 
fraud.] 

DEFRAUDER ( de-frad'er ), n. One who de- 
frauds; cheat; swindler; embezzler. 

DEFRAY (de-fra), vt. [pr.p. DEFRAY'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEFRAYED (de-frad).] Pay or settle, 
as expenses or charges. [O. Fr. defrayer; from 
de, away, and frais, expense.] 

DEFRAYAL (de-fra'al), n. Act of defraying; 
defrayment. 

DEFRAYER (de-fra'er), n. One who defrays. 

DEFRAYMENT (de-fra'ment), n. The defraying 
or paying of expenses; payment. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



I 



DEFT 



341 



DEIGN 



DEFT (deft), a. Dexterous; apt; handy; clever. 
[A. S. dceft, in gedwfte, gentle.] 

DEFTLY (deft'li), adv. In a deft manner. 

DEFTNESS (deft'nes), n. Quality of being deft. 

DEFUNCT (de-fungkf), I. a. 1. Having ceased 
to live; dead; deceased. 2. Having ceased to 
exist or be in operation; extinct. II. n. Dead 
person. [L. defunctus, p.p. of defungor, finish; 
de, fully, and fungor, fulfill.] 

DEFY (de-fi), vt. [pr.p. DEFYING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEFIED (de-fid').] 1. Invite to a con- 
test; challenge; dare. 2. Set at defiance; 
disregard; brave. [Fr. defter; from L. dis, 
apart, and fides, faith.] 

DEGAGE (da-ga-zha/), a. Unembarrassed; un- 
constrained. [Fr. p.p. of degager, disentangle.] 

DEGENERACY (de-jen'er-a-si), n. 1. Act or 
process of becoming degenerate. 2. State of 
being degenerate. 

DEGENERATE (de-jen'er-at), vi. [pr.p. DE- 
GENERATING; p.t. and p.p. DEGENERA- 
TED.] 1. Fall from a better to a worse 
state; become degenerate. 2. Fall or decline 
from the normal condition or type. [L. 
degeneratus p.p. of degenero, degenerate; from 
degener, base; from de, down, and genus, 
generis, kind.] 

DEGENERATE (de-jen'er-at), I. a. 1. Having 
fallen off or declined from a better to a worse 
state or type. 2. Characterized by degeneracy. 
II. n. Person or animal of a degenerate type, 
especially a person who has become morally 
degraded through morbid deviation and 
heredity. 

DEGENERATELY (de-jen'er-at-li), adv. In a 
degenerate manner. 

DEGENERATENESS (de-jen'er-at-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being degenerate. 

DEGENERATION (de-jen-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
or process of becoming degenerate. 2. State 
of being degenerate; degeneracy; deteriora- 
tion. 

DEGENERATIVE (de-jen'er-a-tiv), a. Causing 
or tending to degeneracy. 

DEGLUTITION (deg-lo-tish'un), n. Act, power, 
or process of swallowing. [L. de, down, and 
glutio, swallow.] 

DEGRADATION (deg-ra-da'shun), n. Act of de- 
grading or state of being degraded. 

DEGRADE (de-grad'), v. [pr.p. DEGRA'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEGRA'DED.] I. vt. 1. Lower 
in grade or rank. 2. Deprive of office or 
dignity. 3. Lower in character, value, or 
position. 4. Geol. Wear away or down, as 
by the action of water. 5. Paint. Tone 
down. 6. Biol. Cause to degenerate. II. vi. 
1. Become degraded. 2. Degenerate. [Fr. 
degrader; from L. de, down, and gradus, step.] 

DEGRADED (de-gra'ded), a. 1. Reduced in 
rank, position, value, or estimation. 2. De- 
based; low; mean; base. 3. Biol. Degenerated 
in type. 

DEGRADING (de-gra'ding), a. Debasing. 



DEGRADINGLY (de-gra'ding-li), adv. In a de- 
grading manner. 

DEGREE (de-gre), n. 1. Grade or step. 2. 
One of a series of advances. 3. Relative posi- 
tion. 4. Rank or station. 5. Measure of 
quality or condition; proportion; certain 
amount. 6. Measure of increase or decrease; 
extent. 7. Mark of distinction conferred by 
universities, colleges, etc. 8. The 360th part 
of a circle. 9. Sixty geographical miles. 
10. Nearness of relationship; one remove 
in the line of descent. 11. Gram. One of the 
three stages, positive, comparative, superla- 
tive, in the comparison of an adjective or an 
adverb. 12. Alg. Term applied to equations 
to denote the highest power of the unknown 
quantity. 13. Music. Line or space of the 
staff. — By degrees, by little and little; grad- 
ually. — To a degree, to an extreme point; 
exceedingly. [Fr. degre; from L. de, down, and 
gradus, step.] 

DEHISCE (de-his), vi. [pr.p. DEHIS'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEHISCED (de-hist').] Open, as 
the capsules of a plant; gape. [L. dehisco; 
from de, inten., and hisco, gape.] 

DEHISCENCE (de-his'ens), n. 

1. A gaping, or opening. 2. 
Bot. The opening of cap- 
sules and of the cells of 
anthers, as for the discharge 
of seeds, etc. 

DEHISCENT (de-his'ent), a. 
Opening, as the capsules 
of a plant, the cells of an- 
thers, etc. 

DEHORN (de-harn'), vt. [pr.p. 
DEHORN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DEHORNED (de-harnd').] Deprive of horns. 

DEHYDRATE (de-hi'drat), v. [pr.p. DEHY- 
DRATING; p.t. and p.p. DEHYDRATED.] 
Chem. I. vt. Deprive of water. II. vi. Suffer 
loss of water. [DE-, and Gr. hydor, water.] 

DEICIDE (de'i-sid), n. 1. The killing of a god. 

2. One who kills a god. [L. deus, god, and 
ccedo, kill.] 

DEICTIC (dik'tik), a. Logic. Proving directly; 

direct. [Gr. deiktikos, showing.] 
DEIFIC (de-if'ik), DEIFICAL (de-if'ik-al), a. 

1. Making god-like or divine. 2. God-like; 

divine. 
DEIFICATION (de-i-fl-ka'shun), w. 1. Act of 

deifying. 2. Deified embodiment. 
DEIFIER (de'i-fi-er), n. One who deifies; 

idolater. 
DEIFORM (de'i-farm), a. God-like in form or 

character. 
DEIFY (de'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. DE'IFYING; p.t. and 

p.p. DEIFIED (de'i-fid).] 1. Exalt to the rank 

of a god. 2. Worship as a deity. 3. Make 

god-like. [Fr. dcifter; from L. deus, god, and 

facie, make.] 
DEIGN (dan), vt. [pr.p. DEIGN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

DEIGNED (dand).] Condescend; vouchsafe. 




Dehiscence. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DEiAXIKA 



34*2 



DELIBERATION 



[O. Fr. deigner; from L. dignor, think worthy; 
from digntis, worthy.] 

DeIANIRA (de-i-a-ni'ra), DeJANIRA (dej- 
a-ni'ra), n. Greek Myth. Wife of Hercules; in- 
nocently killed her husband by sending him 
a poisoned shirt given her by Nessus; she hung 
herself for grief. 

DEISM (de'izm), n. Creed of a deist. 

DEIST (de'ist), n. One who believes in the exist- 
ence of God, but not in revealed religion. 
[Fr. deiste; from L. deus, god.] 

DEISTIC (de-ist'ik), DEISTICAL (de-ist'ik-al), o. 

1. Pertaining to deism or the deists. 2. Con- 
taining the doctrine of deism. 

DEISTICALLY (de-ist'ik-al-i), adv. After the 

manner of the deists. 
DEITY (de'i-ti), n. 1. God, the Supreme Being. 

2. Godhead; divinity. 3. [d-] [pi. DEITIES.] 
Fabulous god or goddess; heathen object of 
worship. [Fr. deite; from L. deus, god.] 

DEJECT (de-jekt), vt. [pr.p. DEJECT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEJECT'ED.] Cast down the 
countenance or spirits of. [L. dejectus, p.p. of 
dejecio, cast down; from de, down, and jacio, 
cast, throw.] 

DEJECTED (de-jekt'ed), a. Cast down; dis- 
pirited; disheartened. 

DEJECTEDLY (de-jekt'ed-li), adv. In a dejected 
manner. 

DEJECTEDNESS (de-jekt'ed-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being dejected. 

DEJECTION (de-jek'shun), n. Lowness of spir- 
its; depression of mind; dejectedhess. 

DEJEUNER (da-zhu-na/), n. Morning meal; 
breakfast. [Fr.] 

DEKA-, prefix. Ten. [See DECA-.] 

DeLAGOA BAY (del-a-go'a ba). Inlet of Indian 
Ocean, S. E. Africa. 

DELAINE (de-lan'), n. TTntwilled light dress- 
material, originally of wool. [L. de, of, and 
lana, wool.] 

DELAWARE (del'a-war), n. One of the IT. S. 
Area 2,050 sq. m. Capital, Dover. 

DELAWARE RlVER. Rises in Catskill Moun- 
tains, and enters Delaware Bay. 

DELAY (de-la'), v. [pr.p. DELAYING; p.t. and 
p.p. DELAYED (de-lad).] I. vt. 1. Put off 
to another time; defer; postpone. 2. Hinder 
or retard. II. vi. Put off action for a time; 
move slowly; linger. [O. Fr. delaier; from 
L. L. dilato, put off.] 

DELAY (de-la'), n. 1. A putting off or deferring; 
postponement. 2. A lingering. 3. A hinder- 
ing; stoppage or stay. 

DELAYER (de-la'er), n. One who delays in any 
sense. 

DELE (de'le), vt. [pr.p. DE'LEING; p.t. and p.p. 
DELED (de'led).] Erase, blot out, or omit. In 
proofreading, a direction to remove superflu- 
ous letters or words, usually marked thus^ 09 <^ 
[L., imperative of deleo, erase.] 

DELEBLE (del'e-bl), a. Capable of being erased, 



blotted out, or effaced. [L. delebilis; from 
deleo, erase.] 

DELECTABLE (de-lek'ta-bl), a. Delightful; 
pleasing; charming. [L. delectabilis; from 
delecto, delight.] 

DELECTABLENESS (de-lek'ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being delectable. 

DELECTABLY (de-lek'ta-bli), adv. In a de- 
lectable manner. 

DELECTATION (de-lek-ta'shun), n. Delight; 
pleasure. 

DELEGATE (del'e-gat), I. a. Delegated; de- 
puted. II. n. 1. Person appointed or deputed 
by another or others with authority to transact 
business as his or their representative; rep- 
resentative; deputy. 2. Person elected to rep- 
resent a Territory in Congress, as distin- 
guished from the Representatives of the States. 
[L. delegatus, p.p. of delego, send as a repre- 
sentative; from de, from, and lego, send.] 

DELEGATE (del'e-gat), vt. [pr.p. DELEGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DELEGATED.] 1. Send as 
a representative; depute. 2. Intrust or com- 
mit to. 

DELEGATION (del-e-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
delegating. 2. State of being delegated. 3. 
Person or body of persons delegated. 

DELETE (de-let), vt. [pr.p. DELE'TING; p.U 
and p.p. DELETED.] Blot out; erase; ex- 
punge; dele. [L. deletus, p.p. of deleo, erase.] 

DELETERIOUS (del-e-te'ri-us), a. Injurious 
to life; hurtful; pernicious; destructive. [Gr. 
deleterios, hurtful; from deleomai, hurt.] 

DELETERIOUSLY (del-e-te'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
deleterious manner. 

DELETERIOUSNESS (del-e-te'ri-us-nes), n. 
Quality of being deleterious. 

DELETION (de-le'shun), n. 1. Act of deleting. 
2. Word or passage deleted. 

DELETIVE (de-le'tiv), a. Fitted or intended to 
be deleted. 

DELFT (delft), DELF (delf), n. Kind of earthen- 
ware originally made at Delft, Holland; hence, 
prockery generally. 

DELHI (del'e), n. City, Punjab, India, on the 
Jumna. 

DELIBERATE (de-lib'er-at), v. [pr.p. DE- 
LIBERATING; p.t. and p.p. DELIBERATED.] 
I. vt. Weigh well in one's mind; consider; 
ponder. II. vi. 1. Consider the reasons for 
and against anything; ponder. 2. Hesitate. 
[L. deliberatus, p.p. of delibero, consult.] 

DELIBERATE (de-lib'er-at), a. 1. Well con- 
sidered. 2. Weighing matters in the mind 
carefully; cool; circumspect. 3. Slow; grad- 
ual. 4. Intentional. 

DELIBERATELY ( de-lib 'er-at-li), adv. In a 
deliberate manner. 

DELIBERATENESS (de-lib'gr-at-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being deliberate. 

DELIBERATER (de-lib'er-a-ter), w. Same as 
DELIBERATOR. 

DELIBERATION (de-lib-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 






DELIBERATIVE 



343 



DELIQUESCENT 



of deliberating. 2. Mature reflection. 3. 
Calmness; coolness. 4. Premeditation. 

DELIBERATIVE (de-lib'er-a-tiv), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or given to deliberation. 2. Pro- 
ceeding or acting by deliberation or debate. 

DELIBERATI VEL Y (de-lib'er-a-tiv-li), adv. By 
way of deliberation or mutual discussion. 

DELIBERATOR ( de-lib 'er-a-tur), n. One who 
deliberates. 

DELIBLE (del'i-bl), a. Same as DELEBLE. 

DELICACY (del'i-ka-si), n. [pi. DEL'ICACIES. ] 
1. State or quality of being delicate; nicety; 
daintiness; deliciousness; exquisiteness; sen- 
sitiveness; refinement. 2. That which is 
dainty, delicious, or agreeable to the senses, 
and more especially to the taste; a dainty. 

SYN. Pleasantness; agreeableness; savori- 
ness; relish; dainty; tidbit; nicety; elegance; 
tenderness; slenderness; weakness; frailty; 
carefulness; fastidiousness; sensibility; sen- 
sitiveness; refinement; purity. ANT. Coarse- 
ness; indelicacy. 

DELICATE (del'i-kat), a. 1. Pleasing to the 
senses, especially the taste; dainty. 2. Nicely 
discriminating or perceptive. 3. Of a fine, 
slight texture or constitution. 4. Frail; not 
robust. 5. Requiring nice handling. 6. Re- 
fined in manners. 7. Gentle; polite; consid- 
erate. 8. Hard to please ; fastidious. 9. Nice 
or minutely accurate in the perception of what 
Is agreeable. 10. Easily affected, as a delicate 
balance. 11. Chaste. 12. Sensitive. 13. Dex- 
terous; skillful. 14. Softly and harmoniously 
shaded, as a delicate color. [L. delicatus, lux- 
urious, pleasing; from delicto, allure; from 
de, away, from, and lacio, entice.] 

DELICATELY (del'i-kat-li), adv. In a delicate 
manner. 

DELICATENESS (del'i-kat-nes), n. Quality of 
being delicate. 

DELICATESSEN ( del-i-ka-tes'en), n.pl. Table 
dainties; prepared food delicacies. [Ger.] 

DELICIOUS (de-lish'us), a. Highly pleasing 
to the senses, especially the taste; affording 
exquisite pleasure. [L. deliciosus, pleasant; 
from delicice, pleasure, delights.] 

SYN. Delightful; grateful; pleasing; 
charming; pleasant; luscious; dainty ; tooth- 
some; choice; savory. ANT. Nauseous; un- 
savory. 

DELICIOUSLY (de-lish'us-li), adv. In a man- 
ner highly pleasing to the senses. 

DELICIOUSNESS (de-lish'us-nes), n. Quality 
of being delicious. 

DELICT (de-likf), n. Transgression; misde- 
meanor. [L. delictum, offense; from de, away, 
and linquo, leave.] 

DELIGATE (del'i-gat), n. Med. Taking up with 
ligatures, veins, arteries, etc., in surgical 
operations. 

DELIGHT ( de-lit'), v. [pr.p. DELIGHT 'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DELIGHT'ED.] I. vt. Please highly; 
charm. II. vi. 1. Have or take great pleasure. 



2. Be greatly pleased. [O. Fr. deliter; from 
L. delecto, delight.] 

DELIGHT (de-lit'), n. 1. High degree of 
pleasure; extreme satisfaction. 2. That 
which gives great pleasure. 

DELIGHTED (de-lit'ed), a. Greatly pleased; 
overjoyed; charmed. 

DELIGHTEDLY (de-lit'ed-li), adv. In a de- 
lighted manner. 

DELIGHTFUL (de-lit'fol), a. Affording delight; 
charming. 

DELIGHTFULLY (de-llt'fol-li), adv. In a de- 
lightful manner. 

DELIGHTFULNESS (de-lit'fol-nes), n. Quality 
of being delightful. 

DELIGHTSOME (de-lit'sum), a. Delightful. 

DELIMIT (de-lim'it), vt. [pr.p. DELIMITING; 
p.t. and p.p. DELIM'ITED.] Fix or mark the 
limit of. 

DELIMITATION (de-lim-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
delimiting. 

DELINEABLE (de-lin'e-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being delineated. 

DELINEAMENT (de-lin'e-a-ment), n. Delinea- 
tion. 

DELINEATE (de-lin'e-at), vt. [pr.p. DELINEA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DELINEATED.] 1. Mark 
out with lines. 2. Represent by a sketch or 
picture. 3. Describe accurately in words; 
portray. [L. delineatus, p.p. of delineo, sketch 
out; from de, down, and linea, line.] 

DELINEATION (de-lin-e-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
delineating. 2. Pictorial or verbal represen- 
tation; sketch; outline. 

DELINEATOR (de-lin'e-a-tur), n. One who or 
that which delineates. 

DELINQUENCY (de-ling'kwen-si), n. [pi. DE- 
LINQUENCIES.] Failure in or omission of 
duty; fault; misdemeanor; offense; short- 
coming. 

DELINQUENT (de-ling'kwent), I. a. 1. Failing 
in duty; faulty; remiss. 2. Owing and payable, 
as delinquent taxes. II. n. 1. One who fails 
in or leaves his duty. 2. Transgressor. [L. 
delinquens, pr.p. of delinquo, fail in doing; 
from de, from, and linquo, leave.] 

DELINQUENTLY (de-ling'kwent-li), adv. In a 
delinquent manner. 

DELIQUATE (del'i-kwat), v. [pr.p. DEL'IQUA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEL'IQUATED.] I. vt. 
Melt; dissolve. II. vi. Melt away. [L. de, 
away, and liquo, melt.] 

DELIQUATION (del-i-kwa'shun), n. A melting 
or dissolving away; deliquescence. 

DELIQUESCE (del-i-kwes'), vi. [pr.p. DEL- 
IQUESCING; p.t. and p.p. DELIQUESCED 
(del-i-kwest').] Chem. Melt and become 
liquid by absorbing moisture, as certain salts, 
etc. [L. deliquesco, melt away.] 

DELIQUESCENCE (del-i-kwes'ens), ». Act or 
process of deliquescing. 

DELIQUESCENT (del-i-kwes'ent), a. 1. Chem. 
Liquefying in the air. 2. Bot. Branched 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DELIQUIATE 



344 



DELUGE 



in such a manner that the stem is lost in the 
branches. 

DELIQUIATE (de-lik'wi-at), vt. and vi. Same 
as DELIQUATE. 

DELIQUIATION (de-lik-wi-a/shun), n. Same as 
DELIQUATION. 

DELIRIANT (de-lir'i-ant), n. Agent that pro- 
duces delirium. 

DELIRIOUS (de-lir'i-us), a. Affected with de- 
lirium. 

DELIRIOUSLY (de-lir'i-us-li), adv. In a de- 
lirious manner. 

DELIRIOUSNESS ( de-lir'i-us-nes ), n. Quality 
of being delirious. 

DELIRIUM (de-lir'i-um), n. 1. Pathol. Per- 
turbed and disordered state of the brain, in- 
volving confusion of thought and delusion. 
2. Wild or frantic excitement or enthusiasm. 
— Delirium tremens, delirious disorder of 
the brain produced by excessive use of al- 
coholic liquors, and often marked by con- 
vulsive or trembling symptoms, accompanied 
by fear and great mental agitation. [L. ; from 
delirus, crazy; from de, from, and lira, 
furrow.] 

DELITESCENCE (del-i-tes'ens), n. 1. State of 
inactivity. 2. Pathol. Sudden subsidence of a 
tumor or of inflammation. 3. Latent develop- 
ment of the germs of a disease, or the period 
of its development. [L. delitescens, pr.p. of 
delitesco, lie hid.] 

DELITESCENT (del-i-tes'ent), a. Lying hid, 
concealed or obscured, as the germs of an in- 
fectious disease. 

DELIVER (de-liver), vt. [pr.p. DELIVERING; 
p.U and p.p. DELIVERED (de-liv'erd).] 1. 
Liberate or set free from restraint or danger. 
2. Rescue from evil or fear. 3. Give up or part 
with. 4. Communicate. 5. Pronounce; utter. 
6. Give forth, as a blow, a ball, etc. 7. Dis- 
burden of a child. 8. Corn. Carry to a desig- 
nated place and give into the possession of an- 
other. 9. Law. Place at the disposal of; hand 
over, as in the attestation of a deed, "sealed 
and delivered." [Fr. delivrer; from L. de, from, 
and libero, set free; from liber, free.] 

SYN. Release; discharge; liberate; loose; 
acquit; extricate; disengage; rescue; redeem; 
commit; transfer; yield; grant; surrender; 
resign; relinquish; utter; pronounce. ANT. 
Confine; retain; capture; imprison; betray; 
oppress. 

DELIVERARLE (de-liv'er-a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being delivered. 2. Proper for delivery. 

DELIVERANCE (de-liv'er-ans), n. 1. Act of 
delivering or freeing. 2. Act of transferring 
from one to another. 3. Parturition. 4. Law. 
Utterance of a judgment or authoritative 
opinion. 5. State of being delivered, in any 
sense. 

DELIVERER (de-liv'er-er), n. One who de- 
livers. 

DELIVERY (de-liv'er-i), n. 1. Act of delivering, 



in any sense. 2. State or condition of being 
delivered. — Jail delivery. 1. Judicial process 
by which a jail is relieved of prisoners. 2. 
Escape of prisoners from a jail. 

DELL (del), n. Small, narrow valley between 
hills; dale; glen. [Variant of DALE.] 

DELOO (de-16), n. Zool. Small African ante- 
lope or gazelle. 

DELOUL (de-161'), n. Zool. Low-humped camel 
of the Arabian desert. 

DELPHI (del'fi), n. Greek Myth. City at the foot 
of Mount Parnassus in Phocis, Greece, and 
where the world-renowned Pythian Apollo 
oracle was situated. 

Delphic (dei'fik), Delphian (dei'fl-an), a. 

Of or pertaining to Delphi, a town of ancient 
Greece, or to the oracle of Apollo which was 
there; hence, inspired, prophetic. 

DELPHIN (del 'fin), a. Pertaining to the dauphin 
of France, or to an edition of the Latin classics 
prepared for his use, sixty-four volumes, 1674- 
1730. [See DAUPHIN.] 

DELPHIN (del 'fin), I. a. Of or pertaining to a 
dolphin or to the Delphinidm. II. n. Chem. 
Neutral fat found in the oil of several species 
of the Delphinidm. 

DELPHINIDM (del-fin'i-de),n.pZ. Zool. Family 
of cetaceans, including dolphins, grampuses, 
etc. [L. delphinus, dolphin.] 

DELPHINIUM (del-fin'i-um), n. Bot. Genus 
of ranunculaceous plants comprising the lark- 
spurs. [L. delphinus, dolphin, from the re- 
semblance which the nectary bears to the 
imaginary figures of the dolphin.] 

DELTA (delta), n. 1. Fourth letter of the 
Greek alphabet, the capital form of which is 
A. 2. Triangular tract of land formed by 
deposits at the mouth of a river. [Gr.; from 
Heb. daleth, 4th letter; lit. tent-door.] 

DELTAFICATION (del-ta-fi-ka'shun), n. Proc- 
ess of forming a delta. 

DELTOID (deltoid), a. Of the form of the 
Greek letter delta rAl* triangular. — Deltoid 
muscle, large triangular muscle of the 
shoulder. [Gr. deltoeides, delta-shaped; from 
delta, triangular, and eidos, form.] 

DELUDABLE (de-lo'da-bl), a. Capable of being 
deluded. 

DELUDE (de-lod' or de-lud'), vt. [pr.p. DELU- 
DING; p.*. and p.p. DELTJ'DED.] Impose upon; 
beguile; mislead; deceive. [L. deludo, befool; 
from de, from, and ludo, play.] 

SYN. Cheat; trick; misguide. ANT. 
Guide; disabuse; enlighten. 

DELUDER (de-lo'der), n. One who deludes; 
impostor; cheat. 

DELUGE (del'uj), n. 1. Great inundation or 
flood, specifically that in the days of Noah. 
2. Torrent or flood of anything, as fire, lava, 
etc. 3. Violent or overwhelming calamity. 
[Fr. deluge; from L. diluvium; from diluo, 
wash away.] 

DELUGE (del'uj), vt. [pr.p. DEIU'GING; p.t. 



f»te, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl. t/mn, kh=cA in Scotch lock. 



I 



DELUSION 



345 



DE 311 JOHN 



and p.p. DELUGED (del'ujd).] Overwhelm as 
with water; inundate. 

DELUSION (de-16'zhun or de-lu'zhun), n. 1. 
Act of deluding. 2. State of being deluded. 
3. False belief; error; illusion; fallacy. [L. 
delusio; from deludo, delude.] 

SYN. Illusion; fallacy; deception; hallu- 
cination; error. ANT. Enlightenment; in- 
struction; guidance; openness; honesty. 

DELUSIONAL (de-lo'zhun-al), a. Pertaining 
to or afflicted with delusions. 

DELUSIVE (de-lo'siv), a. Apt or tending to 
delude; deceptive. 

DELUSIVELY (de-lo'siv-li), adv. In a delusive 
manner. 

DELUSIVENESS (de-16'siv-nes), n. Quality of 
being delusive. 

DELUSORY (de-lo'so-ri), a. Same as DELUSIVE. 

DELVE (delv), v. [pr.p. DELVING; p.t. and p.p. 
DELVED (delvd).] I. vt. 1. Dig, as with a 
spade. 2. Get at the bottom of; fathom; 
sound. II. vi. 1. Work, as with a spade ; dig. 
2. Make a studious and laborious inquiry. 
[A. S. delfan.] 

DELVER (delv'er), n. One who delves; digger. 

DEMAGNETIZATION (de-mag-net-I-za'shun), 
n. Act or procer3 of demagnetizing. 

DEMAGNETIZE (de-mag'net-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
DEMAGNETIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMAG- 
NETIZED (de-mag'net-izd).] Deprive of mag- 
netic power. 

DEMAGOGIC (dem-a-goj'ik), DEMAGOGICAL 
(dem-a-goj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or char- 
acteristic of a demagogue. 

DEMAGOGISM, DEMAGOGUISM (dem'a-gog- 
izm), n. Acts or principles of a demagogue. 

DEMAGOGUE (dem'a-gog), n. 1. Unprincipled 
or factious public orator or political leader. 
2. Among the Greeks and Romans, one who 
was a popular leader by reason of his superior 
eloquence or oratory. [Gr. demagogos; from 
demos, people, and ago. lead.] 

DEMAIN (de-man'), n. Estate in land; demesne. 
[O. Fr. demaine, domain.] 

DEMAND (de-mand'), v. [pr.p. DEMANDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEMAND 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Ask or 
claim with authority, or as a right. 2. Call for; 
ask; claim. 3. Require or necessitate. II. vi. 
Ask or require peremptorily. [Fr. demander; 
from L. L. demando, demand; from L. de, 
from, and mando, put into one's charge.] 

SYN. Require; insist; exact; ask. ANT. 
Disclaim; forego; waive; request; petition; 
supplicate. 

DEMAND (de-mand'), n. 1. Act of demanding 
with authority, or as a right. 2. Authoritative 
claim or request. 3. The calling for or desire 
to purchase. 4. Law. The asking of what is 
due. 

DEMAND ABLE ( de-mand 'a-bl), a. Subject to 
demand or claim. 

DEMANDANT (de-mand'ant), n. One who 
makes a demand. 



DEMANDER (de-mand'er), n. One who de- 
mands anything. 

DEMANTOID (de-man'toid), n. Min. Variety 
of orange- and green-tinted garnet. 

DEMARCATION, DEMARKATION (de-mar-ka- 
shun), n. 1. Act of marking off or setting 
bounds to; division. 2. Fixed limit; boundary. 
[Fr. ; from de, off, and marquer, mark.] 

DEMATERIALIZE (de-ma-te'ri-al-iz), vt. [pr.p^ 
DEMATE'RIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMA- 
TERIALIZED (de-ma-te'ri-al-Izd).] Deprive of 
material qualities. . \ : 

DEME (dem), n. 1. Subdivision of ancient 
Attica and of modern Greece; township. 2. 
Biol. Any differentiated aggregate of cells. 
[Gr. demos.} 

DEMEAN (de-men'), vt. [pr.p. DEMEAN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEMEANED (de-mend').] Be- 
have; conduct — used reflexively. [O. Fr. 
demeren, conduct, guide.] 

DEMEAN (de-men'), vt. [pr.p. DEMEAN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEMEANED (de-mend').] Make 
mean; lower; debase. [DE- and MEAN 
(low).] 

DEMEANOR (de-men'ur), n. Behavior; con- 
duct; deportment. [O. Fr. demener; from de, 
down, and mener, guide, conduct.] 

DEMENTED (de-ment'ed), a. Suffering from 
dementia; insane. 

DEMENTIA (de-men'shi-a), n. General mental 
enfeeblement, with loss of memory, reason, 
feeling, and will; insanity. [L.; from de, from, 
and mens, mentis, mind.] 

DEMEPHITIZATION (de-mef-i-ti-za'shun), n. 
Disinfection of impure air. 

DEMERIT (de-mer'it), n. 1. That which deserves 
censure or punishment; desert of blame. 2. 
Mark denoting failure or misconduct. [0. 
Fr. demerite; from L. de, fully, and mereo, 
deserve.] 

DEMERSED (de-mersf), a. Bot. Growing under 
water. [L. demersus, p.p. of demergo, plunge 
in; from de, down, and mergo, dip.] 

DEMESNE (de-men'), n. 1. Manor-house, with 
lands adjacent to it not let out to the tenants. 
2. Any estate in land. [Form of DOMAIN.] 

DEMETER (de-me'ter), n. Greek Myth. Goddess 
of vegetation. 

DEMI (de-mi'), n. Same as DEMY. 

DEMI- (dem'i), prefix. Half; used largely in com- 
position, often as if a full word joined by a 
hyphen, as in demi-relief. [Fr. demi, half; 
from L. dimidius; from di, apart, and medius, 
middle.] 

DEMI-CADENCE (dem'i-ka-dens), n. Music. 
Half-cadence, or a cadence of the dominant. 

DEMI-CANTON (dem'i-kan-tun), n. Small 
subdivision of territory in Switzerland. 

DEMIGOD (dem'i-god), n. [fern. DEM'IGOD- 
DESS.] One who is half a god, or whose nature 
is partly divine, especially a hero fabled to be 
the offspring of a god and a mortal. 

DEMIJOHN (dem'i-jon), n. Glass bottle with 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not,, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DEMI-MONDE 



346 



DEMONIAC 



a full body and narrow neck, Inclosed in 
wlckerwork. [Fr. dame-jeanne, Dame Jane.] 

DEMI-MONDE (dem'i-mond), n. Disreputable 
class of women. [Fr.; literally, half-world.] 

DEMI-RELIEF (dem-i-re-lef), DIMI-RILIEVO 
(dem-i-re-li-a'vo), n. Sculpture projecting 
moderately from the face of a wall; mezzo- 
relievo. 

DEMIREP (dem'i-rep), n. Woman of doubtful 
reputation. [Contraction of DEMI-REPUTA- 
TION.] 

DEMI-RILIEVO (dem-i-re-li-a'vo), n. Same as 
DEMI-RELIEF. 

DEMISARLE (de-mi'za-bl), a. Capable of being 
demised. 

DEMISE (de-miz'), v. [pr.p. DEMI'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEMISED (de-mizd').] I. vt. 1. Be- 
queath by will. 2. Transfer or convey. II. vi. 
Pass by will or descent. [Fr. demettre, lay down ; 
from L. dis, away, and mitto, missum, send.] 

DEMISE (de-miz'), n. 1. Death, especially of 
a sovereign or a distinguished person. 2. 
Transfer of the crown or of an estate to a 
successor. 

SYN. See DEATH. 

DEMISEMI QUAVER (dem-i-sem'i-kwa-ver), n. 
Music. Note equal in time to the half of a 
semiquaver. 

DEMISSION (de-mish'un), n. 1. A lowering; 
degradation; depression. 2. Relinquishment; 
resignation. [L. dimissio; from dimitto, send 
away.] 

DEMIT (de-mif), vt. [pr.p. DEMIT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEMIT'TED.] 1. Dismiss. 2. Re- 
linquish; resign. [L. dimitto, send away.] 

DEMIT (de-mif), n. Letter of dismissal and 
recommendation, as from a lodge of Masons. 

DEMI-TINT (dem'i-tint), n. Paint. Graduation 
of color between positive light and positive 
shade; half -tint. 

DEMI-TOILET (dem'i-toi-let), n. Elaborate 
costume not reaching the grade of full dress. 

DEMIURGE (dem'i-urj), n. Among the Pla- 
tonic philosophers, an exalted and mysterious 
agent, by whom God was supposed to have 
created the universe. [Gr. demiourgos; from 
dStnos, people, and ergon, work.] 

DEMI-VOLT (dem'i-volt), n. Half-turn or 
curvet of a horse, the fore legs being raised in 
the air. [Fr. demi-volte; demi, half, and volte, 
leap.] 

DEMOBILIZATION ( de-mo-bil-i-za'shun ), n. 
Act of demobilizing, or state of being demo- 
bilized. 

DEMOBILIZE ( dS-mo'bil-iz ), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
MOBILIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMOBILIZED 
(dS-mo'bil-Izd).] Mil. Disband, as to demo- 
bilize troops. [DE- and MOBILIZE.] 

DEMOCRACY (de-mok'ra-si), n. I. Democratic 
party or its principles. 2. [d-] Form of 
government in which the supreme power is 
vested in the people, and is exercised by them 
either directly or indirectly through elected 




Demoiselle (Anthro- 
poides virgo). 



representatives or delegates. 3. [d-] [pi. 
DEMOCRACIES.] Commonwealth having a 
democratic form of government. 4. [d-] 
The people collectively. [Gr. demoleratia; 
from demos, people, and hrateo, rule.] 

DEMOCRAT (dem'o-krat), n. 1. Member of 
the Democratic party. 2. [d-] One who ad- 
heres to or promotes democracy. 

DEMOCRATIC (dem-o-krafik), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to the Democratic party, in the 
United States, whose chief distinguishing 
principles are states rights and tariff for 
revenue only. 2. [d-] Of or pertaining to a 
democracy; suited for or characterized by 
popular government. 

DEMOCRATICAL (dem-o-kraf ik-al), a. Demo- 
cratic. 

DEMOCRATICALLY (dem-o-kraf ik-al-i), adv. 
In a democratic manner. 

DEMOISELLE ( dem-wa- 
zel'), n. 1. Young lady. 

2. Zool. Species of crane, 
more commonly known 
as the Numidian crane. 

3. Species of dragonfly, 
the Calopteryx virgo. 
[Fr.] 

DEMOLISH ( de-mol'ish), 
vt. [pr.p. DEMOLISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DE- 
MOLISHED (de-mol'- 
isht) . ] Lay in ruins ; pull or tear down ; destroy ; 
ruin; dismantle; raze. [Fr. demolir; from L. 
demolior, pull down; from de, down, and 
molior, build; from moles, heap*] 

DEMOLISHER (de-mol'ish-er), n. One who or 
that which demolishes. 

DEMOLITION (dem-o-lish'un), n. Act of de- 
molishing or state of being demolished; de- 
struction; ruin. 

DEMOLOGY (de-mol'o-ji), n. Study of social 
energy in the human race. 

DEMON (de'mun), n. 1. Evil spirit; devil. 2. 
Friendly spirit or good genius; daemon. 3. 
Very wicked or cruel person. 4. Among the 
ancient Greeks, a spiritual being inferior in 
rank to a deity proper, but yet capable of in- 
fluencing human affairs. [L. daemon; from 
Gr. daimon, spirit.] 

DEMONETIZATION (de-mon-e-ti-za'shun), n. 
Act of demonetizing or state of being de- 
monetized. 

DEMONETIZE (de-mon'e-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
MONETIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMONE- 
TIZED (de-mon'e-tizd).] Divest of the char- 
acter of standard money, as to demonetize 
silver. [DE- and MONETIZE.] 

DEMONIAC (de-mo'ni-ak), DEMONIACAL (de- 
mo-ni'a-kal), a. 1. Pertaining to or like 
demons or evil spirits. 2. Influenced or pro- 
duced by demons. 

DEMONIAC (de-mo'ni-ak), n. Human being 
possessed by a demon or evil spirit* 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii—u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



[DEMONIACALLY 



347 



DENATURALIZE 



DEMONIACALLY (de-mo-ni'ak-al-i), adv. In 
a demoniacal manner. 

DEMONISM (de'mun-izm), n. Belief in demons. 

DEMONOLATRY (de-mun-ol'a-tri), n. Worship 
of demons. 

DEMONOLOGY (de-mun-ol'o-ji), n. Account 
of demons; study of demons and their agency. 

DEMONRY (de'mun-ri), n. Demoniacal in- 
fluence. 

DEMONSTRABILITY (de-mon-stra-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being demonstrable. 

DEMONSTRABLE (de-mon'stra-bl), a. Capable 
of being demonstrated. 

DEMONSTRABLENESS (de-mon'stra-bl-nes), n. 
Demonstrability. 

DEMONSTRABLY (de-mon'stra-bli), adv. In a 
demonstrable manner. 

DEMONSTRATE (de-mon'strat or dem'un- 
strat), vt. [pr.p. DEMONSTRATING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEMONSTRATED.] 1. Show or point 
out clearly; prove by experiment. 2. Prove 
In such a manner as to show that the contrary 
position is evidently absurd. 3. Anat. Ex- 
hibit or point out the parts of, as of a body when 
dissected. [L. demonstro (p.p. demonstratus) ; 
from de, fully and monstro, show.] 

DEMONSTRATER (dem'un-stra-ter), n. Same 
as DEMONSTRATOR. 

DEMONSTRATION (dem-un-stra'shun), n. 1. 
A pointing out. 2. Proof beyond doubt. 3. 
Expression of the feelings by outward signs. 
4. Public exhibition of approval or con- 
demnation, as by a mass-meeting, procession, 
etc. 5. Mil. Movement of troops or- ships to 
exhibit military intention, or in war to deceive 
the enemy. 

DEMONSTRATIVE (de-mon'stra-tiv), I. a. 1. 
Making evident. 2. Proving with certainty. 
3. Of the nature of proof. 4. Given to the 
manifestation of one's feelings. II. n. De- 
monstrative pronoun, a pronoun used to point 
out the particular object to which it refers, 
as this, that, these, those. 

DEMONSTRATIVELY (de-mon'stra-tiv-li), adv. 
In a demonstrative manner. 

DEMONSTRATIVENESS (de-mon'stra-tiv-nes), 
n. Quality of being demonstrative. 

DEMONSTRATOR (dem'un-stra-tur), n. One 
who demonstrates. 

DEMOPHIL (dem'o-fll), n. Lover of the people. 

DEMORALIZATION (de-mor-al-i-za'shun), n. 
Act of demoralizing or state of being demor- 
alized. 

DEMORALIZE (de-mor'al-iz), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
MORALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEMORALIZED 
(de-mor'al-izd).] 1. Corrupt the morals of. 
2. Deprive of spirit and confidence; lower the 
morals of. 3. Throw into confusion. 

DEMOTIC (de-mot'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
people; popular. 2. Egypt. Antiq. Of or per- 
taining to a kind of writing dstinguished from 
the hieratic or priestly, and from hieroglyph- 
ics. [Gr. dSmotikos; from demos, people.] 



In a demure 



n. Quality of 



Com. Law. 1. 



DEMULCENT (de-mul'sent), I. a. Soothing. 
II. n. Med. Application that soothes or allays 
irritation. [L. demulcens, pr.p. of demulceo, 
soothe down.] 

DE3IUR (de-mur'), vi. {pr.p. DEMURRING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEMURRED (de-murd').] 1. 
Pause in doubt or hesitation. 2. State objec- 
tions or difficulties; object. 3. Law. Take 
exception to any point in the pleadings as in- 
sufficient. [L. demoror, delay.] 

DEMUR (de-mur'), n. Stop; pause, or hesitation. 

DEMURE (de-mur'), a. 1. Sober; staid; modest. 
2. Affectedly modest; coy. [Fr. de mceurs, 
having manners.] 

DEMURELY (de-mur'li), adv. 
manner. 

DEMURENESS (de-mur'nes), 
being demure. 

DEMURRAGE (de-mur'aj), n. 

Allowance made for undue delay or detention 
of a vessel in port. 2. Time of delay. 3. Allow- 
ance or compensation payable for delay in 
loading or unloading railway cars beyond a 
certain specified period allowed for the pur- 
pose. [O. Fr. demourage; from L. demoror, 
delay.] 

DEMURRAL ( de-mur 'al), n. Act of demurring; 
hesitation; delay; demur. 

DEMURRER (de-mur'er), n. 1. One who de- 
murs. 2. Law. Issue upon a matter of law; 
plea denying that under the facts stated by 
the plaintiff he has any case in law. 

DEMY (de-mi'), n. 1. Size of paper, varying 
with different makers, commonly in the 
United States 21 by 16 inches. 2. [pi. DEMIES 
(de-miz').] Holder of a half scholarship in 
Magdalen College, Oxford. [Fr. demi; from 
L. dimidium, half ; from di, apart, and medius, 
middle.] 

DEN (den), n. 1. Home or hiding place of a wild 
beast; lair. 2. Cavern; cave; pit. 3. Haunt 
of vice or misery. 4. Private retreat for work; 
sanctum. (Colloq.) [A. S. denn, cave.] 

DEN (den), n. Narrow glen; wooded hollow; 
dell; ravine (Eng. pro v.). [A. S. denu, valley.] 

DENARIUS (de-na'ri-us), n. [pi. DE- 
NARII (de-na'ri-i).] Chief Roman 
silver coin under the Republic, di- 
vided into ten asses, and of the 
value of about seventeen cents. [L.; 
from deni, by tens; from decern, ten.] 

DENARY (den'a-ri), I. a. Contain- 
ing ten. II. n. [pi. DEN'ARIES.] 1. 
The number of ten. 2. A denarius. 
[L. denarius.] 

DENATIONALIZATION (de-nash-un- 

al-I-za'shun), n. Act of denationalizing or 
state of being denationalized. 

DENATIONALIZE (dS-nash'un-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
DENATIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DENA- 
TIONALIZED (de-nash'un-al-izd).] Deprive 
of nationality or national rights. 

DENATURALIZE (de-nat'u-ral-Iz), vt. [pr.p. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DENATURE 



348 



DENSE 



DENATURALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DENAT- 
URALIZED (de-nat'u-ral-izd).] 1. Make un- 
natural. 2. Deprive of naturalization. 

DENATURE (de-na'tur), vt. [pr.p. DENATUR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DENATURED (de-na'- 
turd).] Change the nature of, as alcohol by 
rendering it non-usable as a beverage. 
[DE- and NATURE.] 

DENATURING (de-na'tur-ing), n. Process of 
rendering alcohol unsuitable for drinking 
by adding a substance having a bad taste and 
disagreeable odor. 

DENDRACHATE (den'dra-kat), n. Crystalline 
form of the moss agate. [Gr. dendrites, tree- 
like, and L. achates, agate.] 

DENDRIFORM (den'dri-farm), a. Having the 
appearance of a tree. [Gr. dendron, tree, and 
suffix -FORM.] 

DENDRITE (den'drit), n. Min. 1. Rock or 
mineral in which are figures resembling 
plants. 2. Any dendriform crystal or mineral. 
[Gr. dendrites, of a tree.] 

DENDRITIC (den-drit'ik), a. 1. Tree-like; 
arborescent. 2. Marked with branching fig- 
ures like plants. 

DENDROID (den'droid), a. Having the form 
of a tree. [Gr. dendron, tree, and eidos, 
form.] 

DENDROLOGY (den-drol'o-ji), n. Natural 
history of trees. [Gr. dendron, tree, and logia, 
discourse.] 

DENDROMETER (den-drom'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for ascertaining the height of trees. [Gr. 
dendron, tree, and metron, measure.] 

DENGUE (deng'ga), n. Pathol. Acute tropical 
fever, seldom fatal. Also called break-bone 
fever and dandy fever. [Sp., fastidiousness.] 

DENIARLE (de-nl'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
denied. 

DENIAL (de-ni'al), n. 1. Act of denying; con- 
tradiction. 2. Act of disavowing; refusal to 
admit. 3. Non-compliance; refusal to grant. 
— Denial of one's self, restraint of one's ap- 
petites or desires; self-denial. 

DENIER (de-ni'er), n. One who denies, in any 
sense. 

DENIER (de-ner'), n. Old French coin of in- 
significant value, first of silver and later of 
copper; hence very trifling sum. [Fr. ; from L. 
denarius, denarius.] 

DENIM (den'im), n. Colored, twilled cotton 
cloth, used for overalls; also for floor and 
wall covering. [Etym. doubtful.] 

DENIZEN (den'i-zn), n. 1. Inhabitant; dweller. 
2. In England, an alien made a subject by 
royal letters patent. [O. Fr. deinzein; from 
deinz, within; from L. de, from, and intus, 
within.] 

DENIZEN (den'i-zn), v. [pr.p. DENIZENING; 
p.t .and p.p. DENIZENED (den'i-znd).] I. vt. 
Make a denizen of. II. vi. Inhabit. 

DENMARK (den'miirk), n. Kingdom of Europe, 
on Baltic Sea. 



DENNET (den'et), n. Light, open, two-wheeled 
carriage. [From name of the inventor.] 

DENOMINABLE (de-nom'i-na-bl), a. Capable 
of being named or denominated. 

DENOMINATE (de-nom'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
NOMINATING; p.t. and p.p. DENOMINA- 
TED.] Give a name to; call; name. [L. de- 
no mi no (p.p. denominatus) , name; from de, 
from, and notnen, name.] 

DENOMINATE (de-nom'i-nat), a. 1. Denomi- 
nated. 2. Arith. Qualifying, or expressing 
the kind; concrete. 

DENOMINATION (de-nom-i-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of naming. 2. Name or title. 3. Society 
or collection of individuals called by a dis- 
tinctive name; sect. 4. Category; class; kind. 

DENOMINATIONAL (de-nom-i-na'shun-al), a. 
Pertaining to or connected with a denomina- 
tion; sectarian. 

DENOMINATIONALISM (de-nom-i-na'shun-al- 
izm), n. 1. Denominational or class spirit or 
policy. 2. Devotion to the interests of a sect. 

DENOMINATIVE (de-nom'i-na-tiv), a. Giving 
or having a name or title. 

DENOMINATIVELY (de-nom'i-na-tiv-li), adv. 
By denomination. 

DENOMINATOR (de-nom'i-na-tur), n. 1. One 
who or that which denominates or names. 2. 
Arith. and Alg. Number or expression below 
the line in a fraction. 

DENOTABLE (de-no'ta-bl), a. Capable of being 
denoted. 

DENOTATION (de-no-ta'shun), n. 1 Act of 
denoting. 2. That which a word names or 
indicates, in contradistinction to that which 
it CONNOTES or signifies. 

DENOTATIVE (de-no'ta-tiv), c. Having the 
quality or power of denoting. 

DENOTE (de-not), vt. [pr.p. DENO'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DENO'TED.] 1. Note or mark off. 2. 
Indicate or show. 3. Signify or mean. [L. 
denoto; from de, down, and noto, mark.] 

DENOUEMENT (da-no'mang), n. Catastrophe 
of a drama or novel; issue; event; outcome. 
[Fr. ; from denouer, untie; de, from, and 
nouer, tie; from L. nodus, knot.] 

DENOUNCE (de-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. DENOUN- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. DENOUNCED (de- 
nownst').] 1. Inform against or accuse publicly. 
2. Cry down; inveigh against; condemn; stig- 
matize. 3. Mining claims. Give formal notice 
of abandonment of, and claim right to work. 
[L. denuntio, declare; from de, down, and 
nuntio, announce; from nuntius, messenger.] 

SYN. Accuse; arraign; brand; stigmatize; 
censure; condemn. ANT. Applaud; eulogize; 
vindicate; uphold. 

DENOUNCER ( de-no wn'ser), n. One who de- 
nounces. 

DE NOVO (de no'vo). From the beginning; 
afresh; anew. [L.] 

DENSE (dens), a. [comp. DEN'SER; superl. 
DENSEST.] 1. Having the constituent parts 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hei ; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DENSELY 



349 



DENUNCIATORY 



closely united; close; thick; compact. 2. 
Deep; profound, as dense ignorance. [L. 
densus, thick.] 
DENSELY (dens'li), adv. In a dense manner 

or state; thickly; profusely. 
DENSENESS (dens'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being dense; density. 

DENSIMETER (den-sim'e-ter), n. Instrument 

for ascertaining the comparative density or 

specific gravity of a substance. [L. densus, 

dense, and -METER.l 

DENSITY (den'si-ti), n. 1. Quality of being 

dense; closeness; compactness; depth. 2. 

Physics. Proportion of mass to bulk or 

volume; quantity of matter per unit of bulk. 

DENT (dent), n. Small depression caused by a 

blow; indentation. [Variant of DINT.] 
DENT (dent), vt. [pr.p. DENTING; p.t. and p.p. 

DENT'ED.] Make a dent in; indent. 
DENT (dent), n. Tooth, as of a cogwheel, comb, 

etc. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] 
DENTAL (den'tal), I. a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
the teeth, or to dentistry. 2. Pronounced by 
the aid of the teeth. II. n. 1. Articulation or 
sound produced by placing the end of the 
tongue against the upper teeth, or the gum 
immediately above them, and uttering. 2. 
Letter representing such a sound, as d, t, n. 
[L. dens, dentis, tooth.] 
DENTATE (den'tat), a. Bot. Toothed; notched. 

[L. dentatus; from dens, tooth.] 
DENTATELY (den'tat-li), adv. In a dentate 

manner. 
DENTICLE ( den 'ti-kl), n. Small tooth; projecting 
point; dentil. [L. denticulus, dim. of dens, 
tooth.] 
DENTICULATE (den-tik'u-lat), DENTICULA- 
TED (den-tik'u-la-ted), a. Having the mar- 
gin finely dentate or toothed. 
DENTICULATION (den-tik-u-la'shun), n. State 

of being set with small teeth. 
DENTIFORM (den'ti-farm), a. Having the form 
of a tooth or of teeth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, 
and suffix -FORM.] 
DENTIFRICE (den'ti-fris), n. Substance for 
rubbing and cleansing the teeth; tooth-powder. 
[L. dentifricum; from dens, dentis, tooth, and 
frico, rub.] 
DENTIGEROUS (den-tij'er-us), a. Rearing 
teeth; toothed. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and 
gero, bear.] 
DENTIL (den- 
til), n. 1. 
Dpnticle 2 f ™ mv ' WM WMflWWS Vm KM \UX JEf 

ZLITS . 1 ■ ■ OJULW 

or projec- — ^ 

tion ina cor- 
nice. [L. den- 
ticulus;t r om 
dens, tooth.] 
DENTILARIAL (den-ti-la bi-al), I. a. Formed 
by bringing the tips of the upper front teeth 




down upon the lower lip, as in pronouncing 
/ or v. II. n. Letter representing a sound 
thus formed. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and 
LABIAL.] 

DENTILINGUAL (den-ti-ling'gwal), I. a. 
Formed between the teeth and the tongue, as 
the sound of th in thin. II. n. Sound formed 
between teeth and tongue. [L. dens, dentis, 
tooth, and LINGUAL.] 

DENTIMETER (den'ti-me-ter), n. Appliance 
for ascertaining exact size and form of teeth 
as an aid to mechanical dentistry. 

DENTIN, DENTINE (den'tin), n. Substance 
forming the body of a tooth; ivory. [L. dens, 
dentis, tooth.] 

DENTINAL (den'ti-nal), a. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of dentin. 

DENTIPHONE (den'ti-fon), n. Form of audi- 
phone. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and Gr. phone, 
sound.] 

DENTIROSTRAL ( den-ti-ros'tral ), a. Zool. 
Having the mandibles of the beak toothed or 
notched, as certain birds. [L. dens, dentts, 
tooth, and rostrum, beak.] 

DENTIST (den'tist), n. One whose business is 
to extract or repair teeth when diseased, and 
make and insert artificial teeth when required; 
dental surgeon. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] 

DENTISTRY (den'tist-ri), n. Rusiness of a 
dentist; dental surgery. 

DENTITION (den-tish'un), n. 1. Act or proc- 
ess of cutting or developing teeth. 2. The con- 
formation, number, and arrangement of the 
teeth. 

DENTOID (den'toid), a. Formed or shaped like 
a tooth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth, and suffix 
-OID.] 

DENTURE (den'tur), n. Artificial tooth or set 
of teeth. [Fr.] 

DENUDATE (de-nudat), DENUDATED (de- 
nu'da-ted), a. Denuded. 

DENUDATION (den-u-da'shun), n. 1. Act of 
denuding. 2. Geol. The wearing away of 
rocks by water and atmospheric action, 
whereby the underlying rocks are laid bare. 
3. Pathol. Condition of a part deprived of its 
natural coverings, whether by wound, gan- 
grene, or abscess. 

DENUDE (de-nud), vt. [pr.p. DENUDING; p.t. 
and p.p. DENUDED.] Make nude or naked; 
lay bare. [L. denudo; from de, from, and 
nudus, naked.] 

DENUNCIATION (de-nun-si-a'shun or de-nun- 
shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of denouncing. 2. 
Threat; menace. [L. denunciatio; from de- 
nuncio, declare.] 

DENUNCIATIVE (de-nun'si-a-tiv), a. 1. De- 
nunciatory. 2. Given or inclined to denun- 
ciation. 

DENUNCIATOR (de-nun'si-a-tfir), n. One who 
denounces. 

DENUNCIATORY (de-nun'si-a-to-ri), a. Con- 
taining a denunciation; threatening. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DENVER 



350 



DEPILATORY 



DENVER (den'ver), n. City, capital of Colorado, 
on S. Platte river. 

DENY (de-ni), r. [pr.p. DENYING; p.t. and p.p. 
DENIED (de-nid').] I. vt. 1. Gainsay or de- 
clare not to be true. 2. Reject. 3. Refuse 
admission to. 4. Disown. II. vi. Say no; 
not to comply; refuse. — Deny one's self, ex- 
ercise self-denial. [Fr. denier; from L. denego, 
deny; from de, fully, and nego, deny, refuse.] 

DEOBSTRUENT (de-ob'stro-ent). Med. I. a. 
Removing of obstructions; aperient. II. n. 
Opening or aperient medicine. [DE- and 
OBSTRUENT.] 

DEODAND (de'o-dand), n. In old English law, 
a personal chattel which had been the im- 
mediate, accidental cause of the death of a 
human being, forfeited to the crown for pious 
uses. [L. Deo dandum, to be given to God.] 

DEODAR (de-6-dar'), n. Dot. Large tree, the 
Cedrus Deodara of the Himalayas, similar in 
habit of growth to the cedar of Lebanon. [Sans. 
Deva-daru, divine tree.] 

DEODORANT (de-6'dur-ant), n. Deodorizer. 

DEODORIZATION (de-6-dur-i-za'shun), n. Act 
or process of deodorizing. 

DEODORIZE (de-6'dur-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEODOR- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEODORIZED (de-6- 
dur-izd).] Free from odor; disinfect; fumigate. 

DEODORIZER (de-6'dur-i-zer), n. Substance 
that destroys or modifies unpleasant smells; 
disinfectant. 

DEONTOLOGICAL (de-on-to-loj'ik-al), a. Of 
or pertaining to deontology. 

DEONTOLOGIST (de-on-tol'o-jist), n. One 
versed in deontology. 

DEONTOLOGY (de-on-tol'o-ji), n. Science of 
moral duty, or of that which is morally bind- 
ing or obligatory; ethics. [Gr. deon, deontis, 
necessity, and -OLOGY.] 

DEOXIDATE (de-oks'i-dat), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
OXIDATING; p.t. and p.p. DEOXIDATED.] 
Same as DEOXIDIZE. 

DEOXIDIZATION (de-oks-i-di-za'shun), n. Act 
or process of deoxidizing. 

DEOXIDIZE (de-oks'i-diz), vt. [pr.p. DEOXI- 
DIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEOXIDIZED (de-oks- 
i-dizd).] Take oxygen from, or reduce from 
the state of an oxide. 

DEOXIDIZER (de-oks'i-di-zer), n. Substance 
that deoxidizes. 

DEPART ( de-part'), vi. [pr.p. DEPARTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPART'ED.] 1. Go away; 
leave; quit; withdraw. 2. Deviate; vary; 
wander. 3. Pass away; die. [Fr. departir; 
from L. de, away, and partior, distribute; 
from pars, part.] 

DEPARTMENT (de-part'ment), n. 1. Part or 
portion. 2. Separate part of business or duty. 
3. Section of the administration. 4. Division 
of a country, as in France. — Department 
store, large retail establishment having several 
departments for the sale of particular kinds 
of merchandise. 



DEPARTMENTAL (de-part-ment'al). a. Of or 
pertaining to a department. 

DEPARTURE (de-part'ur or de-par 'chorj, n. 1. 
Act of going away from a place. 2. Deviation. 
3. Death. 4. Naut. Distance in nautical 
miles made good by a vessel due east or west. — 
A new departure, a change of purpose or 
method, a new course of procedure. 

DEPEND (de-pend'), vi. [pr.p. DEPENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPEND 'ED.] 1. Hang; or be 
suspended. 2. Be dependent or contingent 
upon. 3. Be in a state of dependence on an- 
other. 4. Have confidence; rely; trust. 5. 
Be in a state of suspense; be pending. [L. 
dependeo; from de, down, and pendeo, hang.] 

DEPENDABLE (de-pend'a-bl), a. Reliable. 

DEPENDANCE (de-pend'ans), DEPEND- 
ANCY (de-pend 'an-si), DEPENDANT (de- 
pend 'ant). Same as DEPENDENCE, DEPEND- 
ENCY, DEPENDENT. 

DEPENDENCE (de-pend'ens), DEPENDANCE 
(de-pend'ans), n. 1. State of being dependent; 
reliance; trust. 2. That on which one depends. 
3. State of being subordinate, or subject to 
another. 4. Law. State of being pending or 
undetermined. 

DEPENDENCY (de-pend 'en-si), DEPEND ANCY 
(de-pend 'an-si), n. [pi. DEPENDENCIES.] 1. 
That which is attached, but subordinate, to 
something else. 2. Territory or district remote 
■ from but subject to a kingdom or state. 3. 
Dependence. 

DEPENDENT (de-pend'ent), DEPENDANT (de- 
pend'ant), I. a. 1. Depending on or subordi- 
nate to another. 2. Depending on another 
for support, help, or strength. 3. Depending 
on as to the issue or result; contingent. 4. 
Pendent. II. n. 1. One who is subject to 
another; subordinate; retainer. 2. One de- 
pending on another for support, help, or 
strength. 3. That which is contingent on 
something else; consequence; corollary. 

DEPENDENTLY (de-pendent-li), DEPEND- 
ANTLY ( de-pend 'ant-li), adv. In a dependent 
manner. 

DEFENDER (de-pend'er), n. One who depends 
or relies. 

DEPICT (de-pikf), vt. [pr.p. DEPICT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEPICT'ED.] 1. Paint, portray, or 
make a likeness of. 2. Describe or represent 
in words or otherwise. [L. depictus, p.p. 
of depingo, paint; de, down, and pingo, 
paint.] 

DEPICTURE (de-pik'tur), vt. [pr.p. DEPIC- 
TURING; p.t. and p.p. DEPICTURED (de- 
pik'turd).] Depict. 

DEPILATE (dep'i-lat), vt. [pr.p. DEP'DLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEPILATED.] Remove the 
hair from. [L. depilatus, p.p. of depilo, pull 
out the hair; from de, from, and pilus, hair.] 

DEPILATION (dep-i-la'shun), n. Act of dep- 
ilating, or removing hair. 

DEPILATORY (de-pil'a-t6-ri), I. a. Having 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u *in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DEPLETE 



351 



DEPRAVE 



the power or quality of removing hair. II. n. 
Application for removing hair. 

DEPLETE (de-plet), vt. [pr.p. DEPLETING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPLE'TED.] 1. Lessen the full- 
ness of; exhaust; empty. 2. Deprive of re- 
sources, strength, etc. 3. Med. Lessen the 
quantity of blood in, as the veins by venesec- 
tion. [L. depletus, p.p. of depleo, empty; from 
de, from, and pleo, fill.] 

DEPLETION (de-ple'shun), n. 1. Act of deple- 
ting; or state of being depleted. 2. Med. Act 
of relieving congestion or plethora, by purg- 
ing, blood-letting, or the reduction of the 
system by abstinence. 

DEPLETIVE (de-ple'tiv), DEPLETORY (dep'le- 
to-ri or de-ple'to-ri), a. Tending to or causing 
depletion. 

DEPLORABILITT (de-pl6r-a-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being deplorable; deplorableness. 

DEPLORABLE (de-plor'a-bl), a. Lamentable; 
sad; grievous; miserable; wretched. 

DEPLORABLENESS (de-plor'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being deplorable. 

DEPLORABLY (de-plor'a-bli), adv. In a de- 
plorable manner. 

DEPLORE (de-plor), vt. [pr.p. DEPLORING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPLORED (de-plord').] Feel or 
express deep grief for; bewail; lament. [L. 
deploro; from de ( intens. ), and ploro, lament.] 

DEPLORER (de-pl6r'er), n. One who deplores. 

DEPLORINGLY (de-pldr'ing-li), adv. In a de- 
ploring manner. 

DEPLOY (de-ploi), v. [pr.p. DEPLOY'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEPLOYED (de-ploid).] I. vt. Mil. 
Open out or extend, as a body of troops, so as 
to form an extended line or front. II. vi. 
March from column into line. [Fr. deployer; 
from L. dis, apart, and plico, fold.] 

DEPLOY (de-ploi'), n. Act of deploying. 

DEPLUMATION (dep-lo-ma'shun), n. 1. The 
falling off of feathers; molting. 2. Pathol. 
Affection of the eyelids attended with loss of 
the eyelashes. 

DEPLUME (de-plom), vt. [pr.p. DEPLUMING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPLUMED (de-plomd').] Strip 
the feathers from; deprive of plumage. 

DEPOLARIZE (de-po'lar-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DEPO- 
LARIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEPOLARIZED 
(de-po'lar-Izd).] Deprive of polarity. 

DEPONE (de-pon'), v. [pr.p. DEPO'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEPONED (de-pond').] I. vt. Tes- 
tify to under oath; give testimony about. II. 
vi. Give testimony; depose. [L. depono; from 
de, down, and pono, lay.] 

DEPONENT (de-pd'nent), I. a. 1. Gram. Hav- 
ing a passive form but an active signification, 
as certain Greek and Latin verbs. 2. Law. 
Bearing testimony; deposing. II. n. 1. Gram. 
Deponent verb. 2. Law. One who deposes, 
or makes a deposition. 

DEPOPULATE (de-pop'u-lat), v. [pr.p. DE- 
POPULATING ; p.t. and p.p. DEPOPULATED. ] 
I. vt. Deprive of population; dispeople. II. 



vi. Become dispeopled. [L. depopulatus, p.p. 
of depbpulor, depopulate.] 

DEPOPULATION (de-pop-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act 
of depopulating; havoc; destruction. 2. State 
of being depopulated. 

DEPOPULATOR (de-pop'u-la-tur), n. One who 
depopulates. 

DEPORT (de-port), vt. [pr.p. DEPORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPORT'ED.] 1. Transport; 
exile; banish. 2. Behave; demean; conduct; 
carry; used reflexively. [L. deporto; from de, 
away, and porto, carry.] 

DEPORTATION (de-por-ta'shun), n. Trans- 
portation. 

DEPORT31ENT (de-pdrt'ment), n. Behavior; 
conduct; demeanor. 

DEPOSABLE (de-po'sa-bl), a. Capable of being 
deposed. 

DEPOSAL (de-po'zal), n. Act of deposing. 

DEPOSE (de-poz), v. [pr.p. DEPO'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEPOSED (de-pozd').] I. vt. 1. Re- 
move from an official position; dethrone; 
degrade. 2. State under oath; give testi- 
mony concerning. II. vi. Make a statement 
under oath. [Fr. deposer.] 

DEPOSIT (de-pozit), vt. [pr.p. DEPOSITING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPOS'ITED.] 1. Put or set 
down. 2. Put away for preservation. 3. Com- 
mit or entrust to; place with, as at interest or 
for security, etc. 4. Throw down or precipi- 
tate, as sediment. [O. Fr. depositer; from L. 
depositum, placed; from depono, lay down.] 

DEPOSIT (de-poz'it), n. 1. Act of depositing, 
or state of being deposited. 2. That which is 
or has been deposited. 

DEPOSITARY (de-poz'i-ta-ri), n. [pi. DE- 
POSITARIES.] 1. Person with whom any- 
thing is left for safe keeping; trustee. 2. De- 
pository. 

DEPOSITION (dep-o-zish'un), n. 1. Act of de- 
posing. 2. Act of deponing. 3. Testimony 
taken authoritatively, to be used as a sub- 
stitute for the production of the witness in 
open court. 4. Act of depositing, or that 
which is deposited. 

DEPOSITO (da-poz'it-6), n. Storehouse or 
reservoir. [Sp. deposito, place for storage.] 

DEPOSITOR (de-poz'it-ur), n. One who de- 
posits. 

DEPOSITORY (de-poz'i-to-ri), n. [pi. DE* 
POS'ITORIES.] Place where anything is de- 
posited. 

DEPOT (de'po or da-pd'), n. 1. Place for the 
reception, storing, or warehousing of goods. 
2. Railway station. 3. Military station where 
supplies are stored, or troops received and 
drilled. [Fr. depot; from L. depositum, de- 
posited.] 

DEPRAVATION (dep-ra-va'shun), n. 1. Act 
of depraving. 2. State of being depraved; 
depravity. 

DEPRAVE (de-prav'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRA'VING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPRAVED (de-pravd').] Make 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: 
\X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch lock. 



mute, hut, burn, 



DEPRAVED 



352 



DEPUTIZE 



bad or worse; corrupt. [Fr. depraver; from L. 
depravo, niake bad.] 

DEPRAVED (de-pravd), a. Destitute of moral 
principles; corrupt; wicked. 

DEPRAVITY (de-prav'i-ti), n. 1. Vitiated or 
corrupt state of moral character; wickedness; 
corruption. 2. Theol. Hereditary tendency 
of man toward sin. 

DEPRECATE (dep're-kat), vt. [pr.p. DEPRE- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRECATED.] 1. 
Desire earnestly the prevention or removal of. 
2. Pray deliverance from. 3. Regret deeply 
and express disapproval of. [L. deprecatus, 
p.p. of deprecor, pray against.] 

DEPRECATION (dep-re-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
deprecating. 2. Entreaty or petition. 

DEPRECATIVE ( dep're-ka-tiv), a. Depre- 
catory. 

DEPRECATOR (dep're-ka-tur), n. One who 
deprecates. 

DEPRECATORY (dep're-ka-to-ri), a. Serving 
to or tending to deprecation. 

DEPRECIATE (de-pre'shi-at), v. [pr.p. DE- 
PRECIATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPRECIATED.] 

I. vt. 1. Lower the value of; bring down the 
price of. 2. Undervalue; underrate; dis- 
parage. II. vi. Fall in value or price. [L. 
depretiatus, p.p. of depretio, depreciate; from 
de, down, and pretium, price.] 

DEPRECIATION (de-pre-shi-ashun), n. 1. Act 
of depreciating. 2. State of being depreciated. 

DEPRECIATIVE (de-pre'shi-a-tiv), a. Tending 
to depreciate. 

DEPRECIATIVELY (de-preshi-a-tiv-li), adv. 
In a depreciative manner. 

DEPRECIATOR (de-pre'shi-a-tur), n. One who 
depreciates. 

DEPRECIATORY (de-pre'shi-a-to-ri), a. Tend- 
ing to depreciate. 

DEPREDATE (dep're-dat), v. [pr.p. DEPRE- 
DATING; p.t. and p.p. DEPREDATED.] I. vt. 
Plunder or prey upon; lay waste; pillage. 

II. vi. Commit pillage or open robbery. [L. 
deprmdatus, p.p. of deprcedor, plunder.] 

DEPREDATION (dep-re-da'shun), n. 1. Act 
of depredating. 2. State of being depredated. 

DEPREDATOR (dep're-da-tur), n. One who 
commits depredations. 

DEPREDATORY (dep're-da-to-ri), a. Tending 
to or characterized by depredations; plunder- 
ing; pillaging. 

DEPRESS (de-pres'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPRESSED (de-prest').] 1. 
Press or thrust down; let down; lower. 2. 
Humble. 3. Lower or reduce in power or in- 
fluence. 4. Make dull or inactive. 5. Lower 
or reduce in value or price; depreciate. 6. 
Deject; dispirit; sadden. [L. depressus, p.p. of 
deprimo, press down; from de, down, and 
premo, press.] 

DEPRESSION (de-presh'un), n. 1. Act of press- 
ing, thrusting, or letting down. 2. A falling 
In or sinking. 3. Hollow; indentation. 4. 



Low or weak state. 5. State of dullness or 
inactivity. 6. Act of humbling. 7. A sinking 
of the spirits; state of dejection or discourage- 
ment. 8. Astron. Angular distance of a 
celestial object below the horizon. — Depres- 
sion of the pole, the sinking of the polar star 
toward the horizon as a person moves to- 
ward the equator. 

DEPRESSIVE (de-pres'iv), a. Causing depres- 
sion; depressing. 

DEPRESSOR (de-pres'ur), n. 1. One who de- 
presses. 2. Surgical instrument for pressing 
down a soft part. 3. Anat. Muscle that draws 
down the part to which it is attached. 

DEPRIVARLE (de-pri'va-bl), a. Liable to 
deprivation. 

DEPRIVAL (de-pri'val), n. Deprivation; loss. 

DEPRIVATION (dep-ri-va'shun), n. 1. Act of 
depriving. 2. State of being deprived; deg- 
radation from office; loss; bereavement; 
hardship; privation. 

DEPRIVE (de-priv'), vt. [pr.p. DEPRIVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEPRIVED (de-privd').] 1. Take 
away from; dispossess. 2. Hinder or defer; 
shut out from. 3. Eng. Eccl. Law. Take office 
or preferment from; depose. [L. L. deprivo, 
degrade; from L. de, fully, and privo, deprive; 
from privus, one's own.] 

DEPRIVER (de-pri'ver), n. One who deprives. 

DEPTH (depth), n. 1. Deepness. 2. Measure 
of deepness down or inward. 3. Deep place. 
4. Innermost recess. 5. Middle, as depth of 
winter. 6. Profundity. 7. Abstruseness. 8. 
Extent of sagacity and penetration. [Formed 
from DEEP.] 

DEPURANT (dep'u-rant), I. a. Depurating. 
II. n. Medicine that purifies the blood or 
cleanses the system. 

DEPURATE (dep'u-rat), vt. [pr.p. DEPURA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEP'CRATED.] Cleanse or 
free from impurities; purify; clear. [L. L. 
depuratus, p.p. of depuro, clear, purify.] 

DEPURATION ( dep-u-ra'shun ), n. Act of 
cleansing or purifying. 

DEPURATOR (dep'u-ra-tur), w. One who or 
that which depurates. 

DEPURATORY (dep'u-ra-to-ri), a. Cleansing; 
purifying; depurant. 

DEPUTATION (dep-u-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
deputing or state of being deputed. 2. Per- 
son or persons appointed or deputed to act 
for another or others; delegation. 

DEPUTATIVE (dep'u-ta-tiv), a. Clothed with 
powers of a deputy. 

DEPUTE (de-put), vt. [pr.p. DEPUTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEPU'TED.] 1. Appoint or commis- 
sion as agent, deputy, or representative. 2. 
Send with power to transact business on behalf 
of the sender; delegate. [L. deputo, cut off. 
select.] 

DEPUTIZE (dep'u-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DEPUTIZING: 
p.t. and p.p. DEPUTIZED (dep'u-tlzd).] Ap- 
point or commission as deputy. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



DEPUTY 



353 



DERMATOLOGY 



DEPUTY (dep'u-ti), n. [pi. DEP'UTIES.] 1. One 
who is appointed to exercise any office in an- 
other man's right, in this sense commonly 
used attributively, as deputy collector, deputy 
sheriff, etc. 2. Delegate or representative.— 
Chamber of Deputies, the lower of the two 
legislative chambers in France and in Italy, 
the members of which are elected by popular 
suffrage, and are termed Deputies. 

DERAIL (de-ral'), vt. [pr.p. DERAII/ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DERAILED (de-rald').] Cause to 
leave the rails, as to derail a train. 

DERAILMENT (de-ral'ment), n. Act of derail- 
ing or state of being derailed. 

DERANGE (de-ranj'), vt. [pr.p. DERANGING; 
p.t. and p.p. DERANGED (de-ranjd').] 1. 
Put out of place or order; disarrange. 2. Dis- 
turb the actions or functions of; disorder; 
craze. [Fr. deranger; from de, asunder, and 
ranger, rank.] 

SYN. Disturb; disarrange; displace; dis- 
order; confuse; discompose; unsettle; ruffle; 
disconcert; confound; embarrass. ANT. 
Arrange; classify; distribute. 

DERANGED (de-ranjd'), a. 1. Disordered; 
insane. 

DERANGEMENT ( de-ranj 'ment), n. Disorder; 
Insanity. 

SYN. Disorder; disturbance; disarrange- 
ment; confusion; lunacy; aberration; de- 
lirium; mania; insanity; craze; madness. 
ANT. Order; arrangement; regularity; san- 
ity; saneness. 

DERBY (der'bi; in England, dar'bi), n. [pi, 
DERBIES.] 1. City in England, capital of 
Derbyshire. 2. City in State of Connec- 
ticut. 3. Great horse-race held annually 
at Epsom Downs, near London, England, 
on the Wednesday before Whitsuntide. 
So called from the Derby stakes; instituted 
by the Earl of Derby in 1780. 4. [d-] Stiff 
felt hat with oval crown and narrow brim, 
worn by men. 

DERELICT (der'e-likt), I. a. 1. Neglectful; 
remiss. 2. Left abandoned at sea, as a derelict 
vessel. 3. Left dry by the retirement of the 
sea, as derelict land. II. n. That which is 
left derelict; derelict vessel or land. [L. dere- 
lictus, p.p. of derelinquo, abandon.] 

DERELICTION (der-e-lik'shun), n. 1. Neglect 
or omission, as a dereliction of duty. 2. Act 
of abandoning or state of being abandoned. 
3. Law. A gaining of land by change of water- 
line, or the land so gained. 

DERIDE (de-rid), vt. [pr.p. DERI'DING; p.t. 
and p.p. DERI'DED.] Laugh to scorn; make 
sport of; mock; ridicule. [L. derideo; from de 
(intensive), and rideo, laugh.] 

SYN. Taunt; insult; scorn; jeer; banter; 
flout; gibe. ANT. Praise; applaud; com- 
mend; respect; laud; extol; honor. 

DERIDER (de-ri'der), n. One who derides. 

DERIDING (de-riding), a. Derisive. 



DERIDINGLY (de-ri'ding-li), adv. In a deriding 
manner; derisively. 

DERISION (de-rizh'un), n. 1. Act of deriding: 
mockery; ridicule. 2. Object of scorn or 
ridicule; laughing-stock. [L. L. derisio; from 
L. derisus, p.p. of derideo, deride.] 

SYN. Ridicule; mockery; disrespect; 
insult; contempt; scorn. ANT. Respect; 
regard; admiration; reverence. 

DERISIVE (de-ri'siv), a. Containing or ex- 
pressing derision; deriding. 

DERISIVELY (de-ri'siv-li), adv. In a derisive 
manner. 

DERISORY ( de-ri'so-ri), a. Mocking; ridicu- 
ling; derisive. 

DERIVABLE (de-ri'va-bl), a. Capable of being 
derived; obtainable. 

DERIVATION (der-i-va'shun), n. 1. Act of 
deriving or deducing. 2. That which is de- 
rived or deduced. 3. Philol. The tracing of 
a word from the original source or root. 4. 
Gram. Change by which one base of inflection 
is formed from another, as by adding th to the 
adjective true, forming the noun truth. 5, 
Biol. Darwinism; evolution. 

DERIVATIVE (de-riv'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Derived 
or taken from something else; not radical or 
original. 2. Arguing by deduction; deriving; 
deducing. II. n. 1. That which is derived. 
2. Word derived or formed from another 
word. 

DERIVATIVELY (de-riv'a-tiv-li), adv. In a 
derivative manner. 

DERIVE (de-riv'), vt. [pr.p. DERI'VING; p.t. 
and p.p. DERIVED (de-rlvd').] 1. Draw from 
or receive by transmission. 2. Draw, as from 
a cause or principle ; deduce. 3. Gram. Form 
by the process of derivation. 4. Philol. Trace 
from its root or original form. [Fr. deriver; 
from L. derivo, drain; from de, from, and 
rivus, stream.] 

SYN. Receive; obtain; get; trace; de- 
duce; infer. 

DERIVER (de-ri'ver), w. One who derives. 

DERM (derm), n. 1. The skin. 2. Anat. The 
true or under layer of the skin, as distinguished 
from the cuticle. [Gr. derma, skin.] 

DERMAL (der'mal), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
skin. 2. Consisting of skin. 

DERMATOGRAPHY (der-ma-tog'ra-fi), n. 
Anatomical description of the skin. [Gr. 
derma, dermatos, skin, and grapho, write.] 

DER31ATOID (der'ma-toid), a. Of the form of 
skin; skin-like. [Gr. dermatoides; from derma, 
dermatos, skin, and eidos, form.] 

DERMATOLOGICAL (der-ma-to-loj'i-kl), a. 
Pertaining to dermatology. 

DERMATOLOGIST (der-ma-tol'o-jist), n. One 
versed in dermatology. 

DERMATOLOGY ( der-ma-tol'o-ji ), n. Branch 
of physiological and medical science that 
treats of the skin and its diseases. [Gr. derma, 
dermatos, skin, and logos, treatise.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DERMATOMA 



354 



DESCENT 



DERMATOMA (der-ma-to'ma), n. Med. In- 
congruous growth of the skin. [Gr. derma, 
dermatos, skin.] 

DERMATOPATHY (der-ma-top'a-thi), n. Any 
skin disease. [Gr. derma, skin, and pathos, 
suffering.] 

DERMATOPHONE (der'ma-to-fon), n. Ap- 
pliance for ascertaining pulsation of veins, 
arteries, and blood vessels of the skin. [Gr. 
derma, skin, and -PHONE.] 

DERMEPENTHESIS (der-me-pen'the-sis), n. 
Surg. Operation whereby skin-grafting is 
performed. [Gr. derma, skin, and epenthesis, 
insertion.] 

DERMIC (der'mik), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the 
skin. 2. Acting on or through the skin, as 
dermic remedies. 

DERMIS (dermis), n. Same as DERM. 

DERMOID (dermoid), a. Same as DERMATOID. 

DERMOLOGY (der-mol'o-ji), n. Same as 
DERMATOLOGY. 

DERNIER (der'ni-er or der-nya/), a. Last; 
final. — Dernier ressort, last resort. [Fr.; 
from L. de, down, and retro, back.] 

DEROGATE (der'o-gat), v. [pr.p. DEROGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DEROGATED.] I. vt. De- 
tract from; disparage. II. vi. Invalidate some 
part of a law or established rule. [L. derogatus, 
p.p. of derogo, repeal part of a law; from de, 
away, and rogo, propose a law.] 

DEROGATION (der-o-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
derogating or detracting from the worth, 
name, or character of a person or thing; de- 
traction; disparagement. 2. Act of annulling 
or diminishing the force or effect of some part 
of a law or established rule. 

DEROGATIVE (de-rog'a-tiv), a. Same as DE- 
ROGATORY. 

DEROGATORILY (de-rog'a-to-ri-li), adv. In 
a derogatory manner. 

DEROGATORINESS (de-rog'a-to-ri-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being derogatory. 

DEROGATORY (de-rog'a-to-ri), a. Tending 
to derogate or detract from the worth, name, 
or character of a person or thing; disparaging. 

DERRICK (der'ik), n. Ap- 
paratus for lifting heavy 
weights, closely resem- 
bling a crane. [From 
Derrick, the name of a 
London hangman in the 
early part of the 17th 
cent wry.] 

DERRID (der'id), n. Bot. 
Gum poison from the 
derrlstree,used for arrow 
and spear poisoning in 
East India. 

DERRINGER (der'in-jer), 

n. Short, single-barreled pistol of large cali- 
ber and very effective at close quarters. [From 
Derringer, the inventor, an American.] 

DERRIS (der'is), n. Bot. Shrub-like tree 




Derrick. 




Dancing Dervishes. 



{Deguelia elliptica), grown in Polynesia. 
The sap forms a gum which is a most 
virulent poison. 

DER VISBZ(der'vish), DER- 
VIS, DER VISE (der'vis), 
n. Mohammedan monk 
who professes poverty 
and leads an austere life. 
— Dancing dervishes, 
dervishes who spin or 
whirl themselves round 
for hours at a time, 
until they work them- 
selves into a state of 
frenzy, when they are believed to be inspired. 
[Pers. darvish, dervish — literally, poor man.] 

DESAURIN (des'a-rin), n. Chem. Yellow car- 
bonized crystals of potash. 

DESCANT (des'kant), n. 1. Act of descanting 
or discoursing. 2. Discourse under several 
heads; series of comments. 3. Music. (1) 
Song or tune composed in parts or with various 
modulations. (2) The soprano. [O. Fr. des- 
cant; from L. L. discantus; from dis, apart, 
and cantus, song.] 

DESCANT (des-kanf), vi. [pr.p. DESCANT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESCANT'ED.] Discourse at 

. length; dilate; expatiate. 

DESCANTER (des-kant'er), n. One who des- 
cants. 

DESCEND (de-send'), v. [pr.p. DESCENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESCEND 'ED.] I. vt. Pass 
from a higher to a lower portion of; go down. 
II. vi. 1. Pass from a higher to a lower place 
or condition. 2. Pass from general to particu- 
lars. 3. Fall upon or invade. 4. Be derived; 
have birth, origin, or descent. 5. Be trans- 
mitted in order of succession; revert. 6. 
Lower or debase one's self morally or socially. 
7. Music. Pass from sharp to flat. 8. Astron. 
Move southward. [L. descendo; from de, down, 
and scando, climb.] 

DESCENDANT (de-send'ant), n. Person de- 
scending from an ancestor in any degree. 

DESCENDENT (de-send'ent), a. 1. Descending 
or going down. 2. Proceeding from an ances- 
tor. 

DESCENDIBILITY (de-send-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being descendible. 

DESCENDIBLE (de-send'i-bl), a. 1. Admitting 
of descent. 2. Capable of transmission by in- 
heritance; heritable. 

DESCENSION (de-sen'shun), n. Act of falling, 
moving or sinking downward; descent; 
degradation; declension. [L. descensio; from 
descendo, descend.] 

DESCENSIONAL (de-sen'shun-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to descension. 

DESCENSIVE (de-sen'siv), a. Tending down- 
ward; descendent. 

DESCENT (de-senf), n. 1. Act of descending. 
2. Transmission by succession. 3. Motion 
or progress downward. 4. Way of descend- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






DESCRIBABLE 



355 



DESIDERATION 









ing; slope; declivity. 5. A falling upon or 
invasion. 6. Derivation from an ancestor. 
7. Degree in the line of genealogy. 8. Birth; 
extraction; lineage. 9. Descendants collect- 
ively. 10. Degradation; abasement. 

DESCRIBABLE (de-skri'ba-bl), a. Capable of 
being described. 

DESCRIBE (de-skrib), v. [pr.p. DESCRIBING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESCRIBED (de-skribd').] I. vt. 
1. Trace out; delinate; draw. 2. Set forth 
the qualities, characteristics, properties, or 
features of in words ; depict ; narrate ; recount ; 
portray. II. vi. 1. Make a description. 2. 
Serve as a description. [L. describo; from de, 
down, and scribo, write.] 

DESCRIBER (de-skri'ber), n. One who de- 
scribes. 

DESCRIER (de-skri'er), n. One who descries or 
espies. 

DESCRIPTION (de-skrip'shun), n. 1. Act of 
describing. 2. Account, definition, or repre- 
sentation of anything, given in words or by 
drawings and tracings. 3. Sort; class; kind. 
[L. descriptio; from describo, describe.] 

SYN. Account; relation; recital; detail; 
narrative; narration; explanation; repre- 
sentation; tracing; delineation. ANT. Cari- 
cature; distortion; misrepresentation. 

DESCRIPTIVE (de-skrip'tiv), a. 1. Containing 
description. 2. Having the power or faculty 
of describing. 

DESCRIPTIVELY (de-skrip'tiv-li), adv. In a 
descriptive manner. 

DESCRIPTIVENESS (de-skrip'tiv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being descriptive. 

DESCRY (de-skri'), vt. [pr.p. DESCRY'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESCRIED (de-skrid').] Discover 
by the eye; espy; discern. [O. Fr. deserter; 
from des, out, and crier, cry.] 

DESECRATE (des'e-krat), vt. [pr.p. DESECRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DESECRATED.] Divert 
from a sacred purpose; profane. [L. desecro 
(p.p. desecratus), desecrate; from de, away 
from, and sacro, make sacred ; from sacer, 
sacred.] 

SYN. Pervert; prostitute; pollute. ANT. 
Consecrate; dedicate; sanctify. 

DESECRATER (des'e-kra-ter), n. One who 
desecrates. 

DESECRATION (des-e-kra'shun), n. Act of 
desecrating; profanation. 

DESECRATOR (des'e-kra-tur), n. Same as 
DESECRATER. 

DESEGMENTED (de-seg'ment-ed), a. Zool. 
Void of segmental divisions. 

DESENSITIZE (de-sen'si-tiz), vt. {pr.p. DESEN'- 
SITIZING; p.t. and p.p. DESENSITIZED 
(de-sen'si-tizd).] Render non-sensitive, es- 
pecially to light. 

DESERT (de-zerf), v. [pr.p. DESERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DESERT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Leave in 
violation of duty; forsake; abandon. 2. Fail, 
or cease to help. 3. Mil. and Naval. Quit 



without leave, as service in the army or navy. 
II. vi. Forsake a post or quit a service in 
violation of an obligation to remain; become 
a deserter. [L. desero (p.p. desertus), desert; 
from de, away, and sero, join.] 
SYN. See ABANDON. 

DESERT (dez'ert), I. a. Deserted; desolate; 
uninhabited. II. n. Desolate or barren place; 
wilderness. 

DESERT (de-zerf), n. 1. Reward or punish- 
ment deserved or merited. 2. Claim to re- 
ward; merit. [O. Fr. deserte, p.p. of deservir, 
deserve.] 

DESERTER (de-zerfer), n. 1. One who de- 
serts, forsakes, or abandons a service, cause, 
party, friend, etc. 2. Mil. and Naval. One 
who deserts from the service or absents him- 
self without leave. 

DESERTION (de-zer'shun), n. 1. Act of de- 
serting. 2. State of being forsaken or aban- 
doned. 

DESERVE (de-zerv), v. [pr.p. DESERVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESERVED (de-zervd').] I. vt. 
Be worthy of; merit, as reward or punishment, 
on account of acts, services, or qualities. II. 
vi. Be worthy or deserving. [L. deservio, 
serve devotedly; from de (intensive), and 
servio, serve.] . 

DESERVEDLY (de-zerv'ed-li), adv. According 
to desert; justly. 

DESERVER (de-zerv'er), n. One who deserves 
or merits. 

DESERVING (de-zerv'ing), I. a. Meriting; 
worthy. II. n. Act or state of meriting; 
merit. 

DESERVTNGLY (de-zerv'ing-li), adv. In a de- 
serving manner; deservedly. 

DESHABILLE (des-a-bel), n. An undress. 
See DISHABILLE. [Fr. deshabille, undressed.] 

DESICCANT (des'i-kant or de-sik'ant), I. o. 
Drying or tending to dry up. II. n. Med. 
Application that has the power of drying up, 
as wounds, etc.; a desiccative. 

DESICCATE(des'i-kat),v.[pr.p.DES'ICCATING; 
p.t. and p.p. DES'ICCATED.] I. vt. Dry up; 
deprive of moisture. II. vi. Grow dry. [L. 
desicco (p.p. desiccatus), dry up; from de, 
fully, and siccus, dry.] 

DESICCATION (des-i-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
desiccating. 2. State of being desiccated. 

DESICCATIVE (des'i-ka-tiv), I. a. Having the 
property or quality of drying up or desiccating. 
II. n. Med. Application that tends to dry up 
secretions. 

DESICCATORY (des'i-ka-t6-ri), a. Desiccant; 
desiccative. 

DESIDERATA (de-sid-e-ra'ta), n.pl. See DE- 
SIDERATUM. 

DESIDERATE (de-sid'er-at), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
SIDERATING; p.t. and p.p. DESID'ERATED.] 
Long for or earnestly desire; want or miss. 
[L. desidero (p.p. desideratus), desire.] 

DESIDERATION (de-sid-er-ashun), n. Act of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



DESIDERATIVE 



356 



DESOLATE 



desiderating, desiring, longing for, missing, 
or regretting. 

DESIDERATIVE (de-sid'er-a-tiv), I. a. 1. 
Denoting desire. 2. Gram. Expressing de- 
sire. II. n. Gram. Desiderative verb, a verb 
formed from another, and expressive of a 
desire to do the action implied in the primitive 
verb. 

DESIDERATUM (de-sid-e-ra'tum), n. [pi. DE- 
SIDERA'TA.] Something needed or regarded 
as desirable; anything desired or much 
wanted. [L.] 

DESIGN (de-zin'), v. [pr.p. DESIGNING; p.t. 
and p.p. DESIGNED (de-zind').] I. vt. 1. 
Sketch in visible outline; draw. 2. Plan; 
project; contrive. 3. Have in contemplation; 
purpose; intend. 4. Set apart for a purpose; 
devote. II. vi. Make designs or plans. [Fr. 
designer, describe; from L. designo, mark, 
denote; from de, down, and signo, mark.] 

SYN. Sketch; delineate; propose; pro- 
ject; prepare; devise; intend; purpose; 
mean. ANT. Guess; conjecture; chance. 

DESIGN (de-zin'), n. 1. Drawing or sketch. 
2. Plan in outline. 3. Plan or scheme formed 
in the mind. 4. Purpose designed with evil 
intention; plot. 5. Any set purpose, intention, 
or aim. 6. Art of drawing or representing 
in lines the form of any object. 

SYN. Sketch; outline; drawing; delinea- 
tion; plan; model; pattern; invention; con- 
ception; purpose; intention; project; pro- 
posal; purport; meaning; scope; drift; ob- 
ject; device; scheme; plot. ANT. Execution; 
performance; result; sincerity; simplicity; 
chance; accident. 

DESIGNABLE (de-zin'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
designed. 

DESIGNABLE (des'ig-na-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing designated. 

DESIGNATE (des'ig-nat), vt. [pr.p. DESIGNA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DESIGNATED.] 1. In- 
dicate or show by visible marks or signs. 2. 
Denote or distinguish by name or designation; 
name. 3. Appoint; select; assign. [L. desig- 
natus, p.p. of designo, mark.] 

SYN. Characterize; describe; specify; de- 
note; denominate; suggest; delineate; 
portray; explain; depict. 

DESIGNATION (des-ig-na'shun), n. 1. A show- 
ing or pointing out. 2. Name, title or epithet 
by which a person or thing is designated. 3. 
Act of appointing or assigning. 

DESIGNATIVE (des'ig-na-tiv), a. Serving to 
designate or distinguish. 

DESIGNATOR (des'ig-na-tur), n. One who des- 
ignates. 

DESIGNATORY (des'ig-na-t6-ri), a. Same as 
DESIGNATIVE. 

DESIGNEDLY (de-zin'ed-li), adv. By design; 
intentionally. 

DESIGNER (de-zin'er), n. 1. One who makes 
designs or patterns. 2. Plotter; schemer. 



DESIGNING (de-zin'ing), I. a. Artful; sche- 
ming. II. n. Art of making designs or patterns. 

DESIRABILITY (de-zir-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being desirable; desirableness. 

DESIRABLE ( de-zir 'a-bl), a. Worthy of de- 
sire; pleasing; agreeable. 

DESIRABLENESS (de-zir'a-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being desirable ; desirability. 

DESIRABLY (de-zir'a-bli), adv. In a desirable 
manner or degree. 

DESIRE (de-zir'), v. [pr.p. DESIRING; p.t and 
p.p. DESIRED (de-zird').] I. vt. 1. Long for 
the possession of; wish for. 2. Request; ask; 
entreat. II. vi. Be in a state of desire; wish; 
long. [Fr. desirer; from L. desidero, long for; 
from de, away, and sidus, sideris, star.] 

SYN. Wish; crave; covet; want; ask; 
request; solicit; entreat. ANT. Loathe; 
hate; abominate. 

DESIRE (de-zir'), n. 1. Earnest longing fo» 
anything; craving; yearning. 2. Prayer or 
request. 3. Object desired. 4. Concupiscence; 
lust. 

DESIRER (de-zir'er), n. One who desires. 

DESIROUS (de-zir'us), a. Full of desire; anxious 
to obtain; wishing for. 

DESIROUSLY (de-zir'us-li), adv. Eagerly; 
anxiously. 

DESIROUSNESS (de-zir'us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being desirous. 

DESIST (de-sisf or de-zist'), vi. [pr.p. DE- 
SIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. DESIST'ED.] Leave off 
or discontinue; forbear; stop. [L. desisto; 
from de, down, and sisto, put or place; 
from sto, stand.] 

DESISTENCE (de-sist'ens), n. Act of desisting, 
ceasing, or leaving off. [L. desistens, pr.p. of 
desisto, desist.] 

DESK (desk), n. 1. Table or case adapted for 
the use of writers, often fitted with pigeon- 
holes, drawers, and adjustable cover called a 
roller top. 2. Lectern; pulpit. 3. Clerical 
position in a mercantile establishment. [Gr. 
diskos, disk.] 

DESMAN (des'- 
man), n. Zool. 
European musk- 
rat, genus Myo- 
gale. [Sw. des- 
man, musk.] 

DESMOGRAPHY 
(des-mog'ra-fi), 
n. Anat. Study 
of the ligaments 
and tissues in the 
human system. 
[Gr. desmos, ligament, 

DES3IOID (des'moid), a. Arranged in bundles; 
fibrous; ligamentous. [Gr. desmos, ligament, 
and eidos, form.] 

Des MoiNES (de-moinO, n. Capital of Iowa, 
on Des 3Ioines and Raccoon rivers. 

DESOLATE (des'o-lat), a. 1. Deprived of or 




Desman ( Myogale Moschata). 
and graphia, writing.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



DESOLATE 



357 



DESPOIL 



without Inhabitants; deserted. 2. Laid waste; 
ruined. 3. Forlorn; forsaken; solitary; 
afflicted; comfortless. [L. desolatur, p.p. of 
desolo, make lonely; from solus, alone.] 

SYN. Uninhabited; unfrequented; waste; 
barren; bleajk; dreary; devastated; lonely; 
bereaved; wretched. ANT. Inhabited; shel- 
tered ; cheerful. 

DESOLATE ( des'o-lat), vt. [pr.p. DES'OLATING; 
p.t. and p.p. DES'OLATED.] 1. Deprive of in- 
habitants; lay waste. 2. Make solitary or 
forlorn. 

DESOLATELY (des'o-Iat-li), adv. In a desolate 
manner. 

DESOLATENESS (des'o-lat-nes), n. State or 
quality of being desolate. 

DESOLATER (des'o-la-ter), n. One who deso- 
lates; desolator. 

DESOLATION (des-o-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
desolating or making desolate. 2. Desolate 
state or condition. 3. Place made desolate; 
waste. 

SYN. Ruin; devastation; ravage; sadness; 
gloom; destitution. ANT. Preservation; 
prosperity; success; cultivation; cheerful- 
ness. 

DESOLATOR (des'o-la-tur), n. Same as 

DESOLATER. 

DESPAIR (de-spar'), vi. [pr.p. DESPAIR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESPAIRED (de-spard').] Give 
up all hope. [L. despero; from de, away, and 
spero, hope; from spes, hope.] 

SYN. Despond; faint. ANT. Hope; trust; 
rally. 

DESPAIR (de-spar'), n. 1. Loss of all hope; 

J hopelessness. 2. That which causes despair. 

SYN. Hopelessness; despondency; des- 
peration; discouragement. ANT. Hopeful- 
ness; elation; confidence; trust; cheer; 
courage. 

DESPAIRING (de-spar'ing), a. 1. Apt to de- 
spair. 2. Expressing despair. 3. Giving way 
to despair. 

DESPAIRINGLY (de-spar'ing-li), adv. In a de- 
spairing manner. 

DESPATCH (de-spach'), DISPATCH (dis-pach'), 
vt. [pr.p. DESPATCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. DE- 
SPATCHED (de-spacht).] 1. Send away 
hastily, as a message, messenger, etc. 2. 
Execute quickly; perform out of hand. 3. 
Put to death, especially in an offhand manner. 

PtO. Fr. despechier, hasten.] 
DESPATCH (de-spach), DISPATCH (dis-pach'), 
n. 1. A sending away in haste. 2. Message 
despatched, as a telegram. 3. Prompt execu- 
tion or performance; expedition; speed. 4. 
Speedy system of conveyance. 

DESPATCHER (de-spach'er), n. One who de- 
spatches. 

DESPATCHFUL (de-spach'fol), a. 1. Ex- 
peditious; quick. 2. Indicating or expressive 
of haste. 

DESPERADO (des-per-a'do), n. [pi. DESPERA- 



DOES or DESPERADOS (des-per-a'doz).] One 
who is reckless of life or property; desperate 
criminal; marauder. [O. Sp., p.p. of desperar, 
despair.] 

DESPERATE (des'per-at), a. 1. Utterly fearless 
of danger or consequences; reckless; furious. 
2. Lost or almost lost; hopeless. 3. Done in 
despair. 4. Very great; extreme. 5. Law, 
Hopeless of recovery, as a desperate debt. 
[L. desperatus, p.p. of despero, despair.] 

SYN. Audacious; daring; determined; 
reckless; hopeless; irremediable. ANT. 
Cool; calm; cautious; resolute; remedi- 
able; hopeful; promising; propitious. 

DESPERATELY (des'per-at-li), adv. In a des- 
perate manner. 

DESPERATENESS (des'per-at-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being desperate. 

DESPERATION (des-per-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
despairing. 2. State of despair or hopeless- 
ness. 3. State of fury and utter recklessness 
of danger or consequences. 

DESPICABILITY (des-pi-ka-bil'i-ti), w. Des- 
picableness. 

DESPICABLE (des'pi-ka-bl), a. Deserving to 
be despised; contemptible; mean. [L. despica- 
Mils; from despicor, despise.] 

SYN. Vile; low; base; worthless; pitiful; 
paltry; sordid; degrading; wretched. ANT. 
Exalted; dignified; honorable; respectable; 
venerable; grand; mighty; superb. 

DESPICABLENESS (des'pi-ka-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being despicable. 

DESPICABLY (des'pi-ka-bli), adv. In a des- 
picable manner. 

DESPISABLE (de-spi'za-bl), a. Despicable; 
contemptible. 

DESPISE (de-spiz'), vt. [pr.p. DESPI'SING; p.t, 
and p.p. DESPISED (de-spizd).] Feel con- 
tempt for; contemn; disdain; scorn. [O. Fr. 
despis, p.p. of despire, despise; from L. 
despicio; from de, down, and specio, look.] 
§YN. Neglect; detest; dislike; loathe; 
abominate; abhor. ANT. Admire; like; es- 
teem; love. 

DESPISER (de-spi'zer), n. One who despises. 

DESPITE (de-spit'), I. n. 1. Act of despising. 
2. Extreme malice or hatred. II. prep. In 
spite of; notwithstanding. [O. Fr. despit; from 
L. despectus, p.p. of despicio, despise.] 

SYN. Malevolence; vindictiveness; spleen. 
ANT. Good-will; benevolence; kindliness. 

DESPITEFUL (de-spit'fol), a. Full of malice; 
malicious. 

DESPITEFULLY (de-spit'fol-i), adv. In a de- 
spiteful or malicious manner. 

DESPITEFULNESS (de-spit'fol-nes), n. Malice; 
hatred; malignity. 

DESPOIL (de-spoil), vt. [pr.p. DESPOIL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DESPOILED (de-spoild').] Take 
anything away from by force; plunder; rob. 
[L. despolio; from de (intensive), and spolium, 
spoil,] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



DESPOILER 



358 



DESTRUCTIVE 



t 



DESPOILER (de-spoil'er), n. One who despoils. 
DESPOLIATION (de-spo-li-ashun), n. Act of 

despoiling; pillaging; plundering; spoliation. 
DESPOND (de-spond), vi. [pr.p. DESPONDING; 

p.U and p.p. DESPOND'ED.] Lose hope or 

courage; give way to despair; be dejected. 

[L. despondeo; from de, from, and spondeo, 

promise.] 
DESPONDENCE (de-spond'ens), n. Despond- 
ency. 
DESPONDENCY (de-spond'en-si), n. State of 

being without hope; dejection. 
DESPONDENT (de-spond'ent), a. Without 

courage or hope; desponding. 
DESPONDENTLY (de-spond'ent-li), adv. In a 

despondent manner. 
DESPONDINGLY (de-spond'ing-li), adv. In a 

despondent manner; despairingly. 
DESPOT (des'pot), n. 1. Ruler invested with 

absolute power; autocrat. 2. Tyrannical 

master; tyrant. [Gr. despotes, master.] 
DESPOTIC (des-pot'ik), DESPOTICAL (des- 

pot'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or like a despot. 

2. Arbitrary; tyrannical. 
DESPOTICALLY (des-pot'ik-al-i), adv. In a 

despotic manner. 
DESPOTISM (des'pot-izm), n. 1. Absolute 
power; tyranny. 2. Autocratic government. 

3. Despotic use of power; arbitrariness. 
DESPUMATE (des'pu-mat), vi. [pr.p. DES'- 

PUMATING; p.U and p.p. DES'PUMATED.] 
Throw off parts in foam; foam; froth. [L. 
despumo (p.p. despumatus), skim.] 

DESPUMATION (des-pu-ma'shun), n. Act or 
process of despumating. 

DESQUAMATE (des'kwa-mat), vi. [pr.p. DES- 
QUAMATING; p.U and p.p. DESQUAMATED.] 
Scale off, as the scarf-skin. [L. desquamo 
(p.p. desquamatus) , scale off; from de, off, and 
squama, scale.] 

DESQUAMATION (des-kwa-ma'shun), n. 1. 
Act of scaling off. 2. Exfoliation of bone. 3. 
A scaling off of the cuticle or skin. 

DESSERT (dez-zert), n. Service of fruit, con- 
fections, etc., at the close of a meal. [O. Fr. 
dessert, desservir, clear the table; from des 9 
away, and servir, serve.] 

DESSERT-SPOON ( dez-zert'spon ), n. Spoon 
smaller than a tablespoon and larger than a 
teaspoon. 

DESTINATION (des-ti-na'shun), n. 1. Place or 
point to which a person or animal is going, 
or to which anything is sent. 2. Purpose or 
end to which anything is destined or ap- 
pointed; end; purpose; design; doom; fate. 
3. Act of destining, appointing or designing. 

DESTINE (des'tin), vt. [pr.p. DES'TINING; p.U 
and p.p. DESTINED (des'tind).] 1. Appoint 
or set aside to any use. 2. Predetermine 
the fate of; doom; fate. [L. destino; from 
de, down, and sto, stand.] 

SYN. Purpose; intend; design; devote; 
consecrate. ANT. Alienate; divorce; divest. 



DESTINY (des'ti-ni), n. 1. Purpose or end to 
which any person or thing is destined or ap- 
pointed. 2. Unavoidable fate; invincible 
necessity; doom. — The Destinies. Class. Myth. 
The Fates, or supposed powers that appor- 
tion, spin out, and finish off the lots or for- 
tunes of men. 

DESTITUTE (des'ti-tut), a. 1. Devoid. 2. 
Lacking the necessaries of life; poor and 
needy; indigent. [L. destitutus, p.p. of 
destituo, leave alone; from de, away, and 
statuo, place.] 

DESTITUTION (des-ti-tu'shun), n. State of 
being destitute; poverty. 

DESTROY (de-stroi'), vt. [pr.p. DESTROYING; 
p.U and p.p. DESTROYED (de-stroid').] 1. 
Pull down; ruin; put an end to. 2. Overthrow; 
subvert. 3. Lay waste; devastate; ravage. 
4. Slay; kill. 5. Extirpate. 6. Chem. Re- 
solve into its parts or elements. [L. destruo; 
from de, down, and struo, build.] 

SYN. Demolish annihilate. ANT. Re- 
store; preserve; conserve; repair. 

DESTROYER (de-stroi'er), ». 1. One who or 
that which destroys. 2. Torpedo-boat de- 
stroyer. 




U. S. Torpedo-boat Destroyer "Berry 



DESTRUCTIBILITY (de-struk-ti-bil'i-ti ), n. 

Capability of or liability to destruction. 
DESTRUCTIBLE ( de-struk'ti-bl), a. 1. Capable 

of being destroyed. 2. Liable to destruction. 
DESTRUCTION (de-struk'shun), n. 1. Act of 

destroying, or state of being destroyed; 

demolition; ruin. 2. That which destroys; 

cause of destruction. [L. destructio; from de- 

structus, p.p. of destruo, destroy.] 
OBSTRUCTIONIST (de-struk'shun-ist), n. 1. 

One who destroys; a destructive. 2. Theol. 

One who believes in the final annihilation of 

the wicked. 
DESTRUCTIVE (de-struk'tiv), I. a. Causing 

or tending to destruction; ruinous; deadly; 

disintegrating. II. n. 1. One who is given 

or inclined to destruction. 2. One who favors 

the destruction or subversion of existing in- 
stitutions. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DESTRUCTIVELY 



359 



DETER 



SYN. Hurtful; injurious; deleterious; 
noxious; baleful; baneful; hurtful; bad; 
evil. ANT. Beneficial; salutary; whole- 
some. 

DESTRUCTIVELY (de-struk'tiv-li), adv. In a 
destructive manner. 

DESTRUCTIVENESS (de-struk'tiv-nes), n. 1. 
Quality or state of being destructive. 2. Phren. 
Organ whose function is a propensity to de- 
stroy. 

DESTRUCTIVIST (de-struk'tiv-ist), n. A rep- 
resentative of destructive principles, as in 
Biblical criticism. 

DESTRUCTOR (de-struk'tur), n. Furnace for 
burning up refuse; destroyer. 

DESUCRATION (de-su-kra'shun), n. Removal of 
all saccharine matter. [DE and SUCROSE.] 

DESUDATION (des-u-da'shun), n. Profuse or 
morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption 
of small pimples, usually affecting children. 
[L. desudatio; from desudo, sweat freely.] 

DESUETUDE (des'we-tud), n. Discontinuance 
or cessation of custom, habit, practice, or use ; 
state or condition of disuse. [L. desuetudo, 
disuse.] 

DESULTORILY (des'ul-to-ri-li), adv. In a 
desultory manner. 

DESULTORINESS (des'ul-to-ri-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being desultory. 

DESULTORY (des'ul-to-ri), a. 1. Passing at 
random from one thing to another. 2. With- 
out rational or logical connection. 3. Occur- 
ring abruptly and suddenly. [L. desultorius, 
inconstant; from desultor, vaulter; from de, 
down, and salio, leap.] 

SYN. Cursory; slight; hasty; loose; in- 
exact; erratic; unmethodical; discursive; 
disconnected; inconstant; unsettled; fitful; 
spasmodic. ANT. Consecutive; systematic; 
exact. 

DETACH (de-tach'), v. [pr.p. DETACHING; 
p.t. and p.p. DETACHED (de-tacht').] I. vt. 

1. Disconnect; disengage; sever; separate. 

2. Send off on special service, as troops. II. 
vi. Become detached. [Fr. detacher; from 
de (negative), and attacher, fasten.] 

DETACHABLE (de-tach'a-bl), a. Capable of 

being detached. 
DETACHED (de-tachf), a. Separated; disen- 
gaged. 
DETACHMENT (de-tach'ment), n. 1. State of 

being detached. 2. That which is detached, 

as a body of troops for special service. 
DETAIL (de-tal'), v. [pr.p. DETAILING; p.t. 

and p.p. DETAILED (de-tald').] I. vt. 1. 

Relate minutely; enumerate; particularize. 

2. Detach or appoint for any particular service. 

II. vi. Give details about anything. [O. Fr. 

detainer; from de (intensive), and tattler, cut.] 
DETAIL (de-tal' or de'tal), n. 1. Small part; 

particular; item; minor circumstance. 2. 

Circumstantial account or narration. 3. Mil. 

Body of men detailed for some special duty. 



4. Fine Arts. Minor part.- — In detail, mi- 
nutely; particularly; circumstantially. 

DETAIN (de-tan'), vt. [pr.p. DETAINING; p.t. 
and p.p. DETAINED (de-tand').] 1. Restrain 
from proceeding; delay; stop. 2. Keep in 
custody. 3. Withhold; retain. [L. detineo; 
from de, from, and teneo, hold.] 

DETAINER (de-tan'er), n. 1. One who detains. 

2. The keeping or holding possession of that 
which belongs to another. 3. Eng. Law. 
Writ directing that a prisoner be detained in 
custody pending further proceedings. — For- 
cible detainer. Law. The taking or keeping 
possession of lands and tenements without 
the authority of law. 

DETECT (de-tekf), vt. [pr.p. DETECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DETECT'ED.] 1. Catch in the act; 
discover. 2. Bring to light; find out; expose. 

3. Chem. Disclose the presence of, as an 
element, by means of characteristic chemical 
reactions. [L. detego (p.p. delectus), uncover, 
expose; from de, from and tego, cover.] 

SYN. Descry; unmask; expose. ANT. 
Miss; overlook; screen. 

DETECTABLE (de-tekt'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being detected. 

DETECTER (de-tekt'er), n. One who or that 
which detects; detector. 

DETECTION (de-tek'shun), n. 1. Discovery of 
something concealed or unknown. 2. State 
of being found out or detected. 

DETECTIVE (de-tekt'iv), I. a. Employed or 
fitted for detection. II. n. One employed in 
the investigation of special cases of crime, or 
in watching special classes of wrong-doers, 
usually not in uniform. 

DETECTOR (de-tekt'ur), 
n. 1. One who detects 
anytbing. 2. Device for 
detecting or disclosing 
the condition or nature 
of anything. 3. Flee. 
Device made of plati- 
num rods placed in a 
mercury bath attached 
to the tantalum wires 
in wireless telegraphy 
to detect the presence 
of electrolytic action or 
of electrolysis. 

DETENT (de-tenf), n. 
Something to check 
motion; catch, especially in a clock or watch. 
[Fr. detente; from L. detentus, a holding back.] 

DETENTION (de-ten'shun), n. 1. Act of de- 
taining, keeping back or withholding. 2. 
Act of detaining or keeping in custody or con- 
finement. 3. Act of delaying or stopping from 
proceeding. 4. State of being detained, in any 
sense. [Fr. detention; from L. detentio, from 
detentus, p.p. of detineo, hold back, detain.] 

DETER (de-ter), vt. [pr.p. DETER'RING; p.U 
and p.p. DETERRED (de-terd').] Frighten 




Tantalum Detector. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DETERGE 



360 



DETOUR 



from any act; restrain from proceeding by 
prohibition, danger, fear, etc. [L. deterreo; 
from de, from, and terreo, frighten.] 
DETERGE (de-terj), vt. [pr.p. DETERGING; 
p.t. and p.p. DETERGED (de-t6rjd').] Cleanse, 
as a wound or sore. [L. detergeo; from de, 
from, and terego, wipe.] 
DETERGENT (de-ter'jent), I. a. Having the 
power to cleanse; detersive. II. n. Cleansing 
or clearing medicine or preparation. 
DETERIORATE (de-te'ri-o-rat), v. [pr.p. DE- 
TERIORATING; p.t. and p.p. DETERIO- 
RATED.] I. vt. Make worse; reduce or lower 
in quality or value. II. vi. Grow worse; be 
reduced in quality or value. [L. deterioro (p.p. 
deterioratus) , make worse.] 
DETERIORATION (de-te-ri-o-ra/shun), n. Act 

or process of deteriorating. 
DETERMENT (de-ter'ment), n. 1. Act of de- 
terring. 2. That which deters. 
DETERMINARLE (de-ter'min-a-bl), a. 1. Ca- 
pable of being determined. 2. Law. That 
may be terminated or ended, as a determina- 
ble freehold, an estate for life which may ex- 
pire upon future contingencies before the life 
for which it was created expires. 
DETERMINANT (de-ter'mi-nant), I. n. That 
which serves to determine. II. a. Deter- 
minative. 
DETERMINATE (de-ter'min-at), a. 1. Deter- 
mined; fixed; defined. 2. Settled; positive. 
— Determinate problem, Geom. Problem that 
admits of but a limited number of solutions. 
[L. determinancy p.p. of determino, limit, 
determine.] 
DETERMINATELT (de-ter'min-at-li), adv. In 

a determinate manner. 
DETERMINATION (de-ter-mi-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of deciding or settling. 2. That which is 
decided or resolved on. 3. Firmness of pur- 
pose; resolution. 4. Decision of character. 
5. Settlement by a judicial decision. 6. Direc- 
tion to a certain end. 7. Chem. Ascertain- 
ment of proportion of any element or chemical 
compound in a substance. 8. Law. The 
putting an end to, as the determination of an 
estate or interest. 9. Pathol. Rapid flow, 
as of blood to the brain or any particular part 
of the body. 10. Logic. Definition. 11. Nat. 
Hist. Classification. 

SYN. Decision; resolution; resolve. ANT. 
Indecision; hesitation; irresolution. 
DETERMINATIVE (de-ter'min-a-tiv), I. a. 
Tending or serving to determine, limit, or 
define. II. n. A determinant. 
DETERMINATOR (de-ter'min-a-tur), n. One 

who determines or decides. 
DETERMINE (de-ter'min), v. [pr.p. DETER'- 
MINING; p.t. and p.p. DETERMINED (de- 
tSr'mind).] I. vt. 1. Put terms or bounds 
to; limit. 2. Fix or settle the form or char- 
acter of. 3. Put an end to. 4. Decide; settle. 
5. Give direction or impulse to. 6. Resolve or 



decide on. 7. Chem, Ascertain the amount 
or proportion of. II. vi. 1. Come to a 
decision; resolve. 2. Come to an end; ter- 
minate. [L. determino; from de, fully, and 
termino, limit.] 
DETERMINED (de-ter'mind), a. 1. Having 
a firm and fixed purpose; resolved. 2. Marked 
by determination; bold; unflinching; resolute. 

DETERMINEDLY (de-ter'mind-li), adv. In a 
determined manner. 

DETERMINER (de-ter'min-er), n. One who 
determines or decides. 

DETERRENT (de-ter'ent), I. a. Serving to 
deter. II. n. That which deters or is intended 
to deter. [See DETER.] 

DETERSION (de-tershun), n. Act of cleansing. 
[See DETERGE.] 

DETERSIVE (de-ter'siv), I. a. Cleansing; de- 
tergent. II. n. Cleansing medicine; detergent. 

DETEST (de-test), vt. [pr.p. DETEST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DETEST'ED.] Hate intensely; abomi- 
nate. [L. detestor, execrate; from de (in- 
tensive), and testis, witness.] 
SYN. See DESPISE. 

DETESTABILITY (de-test-a-bil'i-ti), n. Detest- 
ableness. 

DETESTABLE (de-test'a-bl), a. Deserving of 
extreme hate; abominable; hateful. 

DETESTABLENESS (de-testa-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being detestable. 

DETESTABLY (de-test'a-bli), adv. In a de- 
testable manner. 

DETESTATION (det-es-ta'shun), n. Feeling of 
extreme hatred, abhorrence, or loathing. 

DETESTER (de-test'er), n. One who detests. 

DETHRONE (de-thron), vt. [pr.p. DETHRO- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. DETHRONED (de- 
thrond').] Remove from a throne; depose. 

DETHRONEMENT (de-thron'ment), n. Act of 
dethroning or deposing. 

DETHRONER (de-thro'ner), n. One who de- 
thrones. 

DETINUE (det'i-nu), n. Law. Form of an action 
for the recovery of personal property unlaw- 
fully detained, and damages for their unlawful 
detention. [Fr. detenu, p.p. of detenir, detain.] 

DETONATE (deto-nat), v. [pr.p. DET'ONA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DETONATED.] I. vt. 
Cause to explode with a loud report. II. vi. 
Explode with a loud report. [L. detono (p.p. 
detonatus), thunder; from de (intensive), and 
tono, thunder.] 

DETONATION (det-o-na'shun), n. Explosion 
with a loud or sharp report. 

DETONATOR (det'o-na-tur), n. 1. Detonating 
substance. 2. Device for exploding a detona- 
ting substance. 

DETORSION (de-tar 'shun), n. Act of untwisting 
or removing torsion. 

DETOUR (da-tor), n. Roundabout way; a 
deviation from the direct road. [Fr.; from 
detourner, turn away; from de", away, and 
tourner, turn.] 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te ( not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DETRACT 



361 



DEVELOP 



DETRACT (de-trakf), v. [pr.p. DETRACTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DETRACTED.] I. vt. Take 
away; derogate; disparage. II. vi. Take 
away from the good name or reputation 
of a person or thing; resort to or be guilty of 
detraction. [L. detraho (p.p. detractus), draw 
away; from de, away, and traho, draw.] 
SYN. See DECRY. 

DETRACTER (de-trakt'er), n. Same as DE- 
TRACTOR. 

DETRACTINGLY (de-trakt'ing-li), adv. In a 
detracting, disparaging, or defamatory man- 
ner. 

DETRACTION (de-trak'shun), n. Act of de- 
tracting; depreciation; disparagement; defa- 
mation; slander. 

DETRACTIVE (de-trakt'iv), a. Depreciating; 
disparaging. 

DETRACTOR (de-trakt'Gr ), n. [fern. DE- 
TRACT'RESS.] One who detracts; defamer. 

DETRACTORY (de-trakto-ri), a. Same as 
DETRACTIVE. 

DETRACTRESS (de-trakt'res), n. Woman who 
detracts from the good name or character of 
another. . 

DETRAIN (de-tran'), v. [pr.p. DETRAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. DETRAINED (de-trand').] I. vt. 
Cause to alight from a railway train. II. vi. 
Alight from a train. 

DETRIMENT (det'ri-ment), n. 1. Diminution; 
damage; injury; loss. 2. Cause of Injury, 
loss, etc. [L. detrimentum; from detritus, 
p.p. of detero, rub away; from de, away, and 
tero, rub.] 

SYN. Injury; hurt; harm; disadvantage; 

» damage; prejudice; mischief; loss. ANT. 
Enhancement; improvement; augmenta- 
tion; service; remedy. 
DETRIMENTAL (det-ri-ment'al), a. Causing 

detriment; injurious; hurtful. 
DETRITAL (de-tM'tal), a. Of or pertaining to 
detritus. 
, DETRITION (de-trish'un), n. A wearing away 

or gradual rubbing off. 

I DETRITUS (de-tri'tus), n. Geol. 1. Mass of 

substance gradually rubbed or worn off solid 

bodies. 2. Broken or loosened fragments; 

waste; rubbish. [L., p.p. of detero, rub away.] 

DETROIT (de-troif), n. Chief city of State of 

, Michigan, on Detroit River. 

) DETROIT RlVER. Between Michigan and 

Canada, from Lake St. Clair to Lake Erie. 
( DETRUDE (de-trod'), vt. [pr.p. DETRUDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DETRU'DED.] Push or thrust 
I down or out; forcibly exclude. [L. detrudo, 

push down.] 
DETRUNCATE (de-trung'kat), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
! TRUNCATING; p.t. and p.p. DETRUN- 

CATED.] Shorten by cutting or lopping; cut 
or lop off. [L. detrunco (p.p. detruncatus) , lop; 
i from de, away, from, and trunco, lop.] 

DETRUNCATION (de-trung-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of detruncating. 2. Surg. Excision. 



DEUCALION (dii-ka'li-on), w. Greek Myth. Son 
of Prometheus; saved from a deluge in a chest 
with his wife Pyrrha and landed at Mount 
Parnassus; to repeople the earth they threw 
stones behind them, those of Deucalion be- 
coming men and those of his wife women. 

DEUCE (dus), n. 1. Card with two spots or 
suit figures. 2. Side of die marked with two 
spots. 3. Lawn tennis. Term denoting that 
each side has gained three points ("forty all"). 
[Fr. deux; from L. duo, two.] 

DEUCE (dus), w. The devil. [O. Fr. deus; from 
L. deus, god.] 

DEUTERANOPIA (du-ter-a-no'pi-a), n. Form 
of color-blindness in which red and green ap- 
pear gray, and the brightest part of the spec- 
trum is in the normal yellow. [Gr. deuteros, 
second, and ops, eye.] 

DEUTEROGAMIST (du-ter-og'a-mist), n. One 
who marries a second time. 

DEUTEROGAMY (du-ter-og'a-mi), n. Second 
marriage. [Gr. deuteros, second, and gamos, 
marriage.] 

DEUTOPLASM (du'to-plazm), n. Biol. Portion 
of the yolk of an ovum or egg which furnishes 
nourishment for the embryo and its accesso- 
ries. [Gr. deuteros, second, and plasma, for- 
mation.] 

DEUTOXIDE (du-toks'id), n. Chem. Old name 
for a compound of two parts of oxygen with 
one of a base; dioxid. [Gr. deuteros, second, 
and OXIDE.] 

DEVASTATE (dev'as-tat), vt. [pr.p. DEVAS- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. DEVASTATED.] Lay 
waste; ravage. [L. devasto (p.p. devastatus), 
devastate; from de, fully, and vasto, lay waste; 
from vastus, waste.] 
SYN. See DESPOIL. 

DEVASTATION (dev-as-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
devastating. 2. State of being devastated; 
havoc; despoliation. 3. Law. Waste of the 
goods of a deceased person by the executor or 
administrator. 

DEVASTATOR (dev'as-ta-tur), n. One who 
devastates. 

DEVASTAVIT (dev-as-ta'vit), n. Law. Writ 
which lies against an executor or adminis- 
trator who wastes or misapplies the goods of 
the deceased. [L., he has wasted.] 

DEVELOP (de-vel'up), v. [pr.p. DEVELOP- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DEVELOPED (de-vel'upt).] 

1. vt. 1. Lay open by degrees; unroll; unfold. 

2. Promote the growth of. 3. Bring to light 
gradually; uncover; disclose. 4. Biol. En- 
able to evolve what is latent or in embryo. 
5. Math. Change the form of, by the carrying 
out of certain indicated operations, without 
changing the value of. Thus, in the equation 
(# + a) 3 = x 3 + 3ax 2 + 3a?x + a 3 the first 
member is the indicated cube of x + a, and 
the second member its development. 6. 
Photog. Make visible by chemical applica- 
tions, said of the image produced in the 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DEVELOPABLE 



DEVISEE 



camera or under a negative. II. vi. 1. Grow; 
expand; open out; evolve. 2. Become visible, 
known, or manifest. [Fr. developper; from 
di, apart, and (en)velopper, envelop.] 

SYN. Educe; amplify; enlarge. ANT. 
Contract; restrict; narrow. 

DEVELOPABLE (de-vel'up-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being developed. 

DEVELOPER (de-vel'up-er), n. 1. One who 
or that which develops. 2. Photog. Chem- 
ical application for developing photo- 
graphs. 

DEVELOP3IENT (de-vel'up-ment), n. 1. Act 
or process of developing. 2. State or condition 
of being developed. 3. Biol. Series of changes 
in the growth from first to last of an organized 
being. 4. Math. The expression of a function 
in the form of a series. 5. Photog. Process of 
bringing the features of a picture into dis- 
tinction. — Development theory. Biol. Theory 
which ascribes an innate expansive power to 
the organized universe, and traces the most 
complex forms by intermediate links from the 
simplest, without the intervention of special 
acts of creation; evolution. 

DEVELOPMENTAL (de-vel-up-men'tal), a. 1. 
Pertaining to development. 2. Formed by 
development. 

DEVEST (de-vesf), v. [pr.p. DEVESTING; p.U 
and p.p. DEVEST 'ED.] I. vt. Law. Deprive 
of ; alienate as to title or right. II. vi. Be lost 
or alienated, as title or estate. [Form of 
DIVEST.] 

DEVIATE (de'vi-at), vi. [pr.p. DEVIATING; 
p.U and p.p. DE'VIATED.] 1. Turn aside 
from the way. 2. Swerve or stray from the 
path of duty. 3. Diverge; differ. [L. devio 
(p.p. deviatus), go out of the way; from de 9 
from, and via, way.] 

SYN. Digress; wander; depart. ANT, 
Continue; advance. 

DEVIATION (de-vi-a/shun), n. 1. Act of de- 
viating. 2. Result of having deviated. — De~ 
viation of the compass, departure of a ship's 
compass from the true magnetic meridian, 
caused by the presence of iron. 

DEVIATOR (de'vi-a-tur), n. One who deviates. 

DEVICE (de-vis'), n. 1. Something devised for 
a particular use; contrivance. 2. Plan; plot; 
scheme; stratagem. 3. Motto attached to or 
fitted for an emblem. 4. Fashion, design, 
style, or workmanship of anything. 5. Skill 
or faculty of devising; inventive genius. 6. 
Any piece of work made or conceived with 
art and skill. [O. Fr. devise% from L. L. 
divisa, division, mark, device.] 
SYN. See CONTRIVANCE. 

DEVIL (dev'l), n. 1. Supreme spirit of evil; 
Satan. 2. Any evil spirit. 3. False god, or 
idol. 4. Very wicked person. 5. Fellow — 
used as an expression of mingled pity and 
contempt, as, ''poor devil." 6. Printer's 
errand boy. 7. Rag-tearing machine. 8. 



[A. S. 




Dish of highly seasoned cold meat. 
deofol; from Gr. diabolos.] 

DEVIL (dev'l), vt. [pr.p. DEVILING; p.t. and 
p.p. DEVILED ( dev'ld ).] 1. Make devilish. 
2. Grill with cayenne pepper or other condi- 
ment. 3. Cut up or tear, as rags, in a devil 
or tearing machine. 

DEVIL-FISH (dev'1-flsh), n. 1. Any of various 
species of large ray. 
2. One of various 
ugly marine fishes, 
such as the angler 
or fishing-frog, the 
cuttlefish or octo- 
pus, etc. 

DEVILISH (dev'l- 

ish), a. Fiendish; Eagle Ray De vil-fish (Raja 
malignant; diabol- erinacea). 

ical; infernal. 

DEVILISHLY (dev'1-ish-li), adv. Like a devil; 
diabolically; infernally. 

DEVILISHNESS (dev'1-ish-nes), n. Quality or 
character befitting a devil. 

DEVILMENT(dev'l-ment), n. Mischief; roguery; 
deviltry. 

DEVIL'S-DARNING-NEEDLE (dev-lz-darn'ing- 
ne-dl), n. 1. Zool. Dragon-fly. 2. Bot. 
Venus's comb, the Scandix pecten. 

DEVILTRY (dev'1-tri), n. Wanton mischief; 
devilment. 

DEVIL-WORSHIP (dev'1-wur-ship), n. Rude 
homage paid by primitive tribes to the devil 
or spirit of evil, in the simple-hearted belief 
that he could be flattered out of doing them 
mischief. 

DEVIOUS (de'vi-us), a. 1. Out of the usual 
track; wandering; winding; rambling. 2. 
Wandering from the path of duty; straying; 
erring. [L. devius; from de, from, and via, way. J 

DEVIOUSLY (de'vi-us-li), adv. In a devious, 
wandering manner. 

DEVIOUSNESS (de'vi-us-nes), n. Quality of 
being devious. 

DEVIRILIZE (de-vir'il-iz), vt. [pr.p. DEVIR'IL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVIR'ILIZED (de-vir'- 
il-izd).] Deprive of vitality, vigor, or force. 
[DE-, VIRILE, and -IZE.] 

DEVISABLE (de-vi'za-bl), a. Capable of being 
devised. 

DEVISAL (de-vi'zal), n. 1. Act or mode of de- 
vising. 2. State of being devised. 

DEVISE (de-viz), v. [pr.p. DEVI'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEVISED (de-vizd').] I. vt. 1. Think 
out carefully or ingeniously; contrive; invent; 
plan; scheme. 2. Law. Bequeath or give by 
will — used of landed estates as distinguished 
from personalty. II. vi. Contrive; plan. [Fr. 
deviser; from L. divisus p.p. of divido, divide.] 

DEVISE (de-viz'), n. Law. 1. Act of giving real 
estate by will. 2. Land given by will. 3. Will, 
or clause of will, bequeathing real estate. 

DEVISEE (dev-i-ze'), n. One to whom real 
estate is willed. 



fate, fat, ti.sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 






DEVISER 



363 



DEXTER 









DEVISER (de-vi'zer), n. One who devises or 
contrives; contriver. 

DEVISOR (de-vi'zur), n. One who gives any- 
thing by will, especially real estate. 

DEVITALIZATION (de-vi-tal-I-za'shun), n. Act 
of devitalizing or state of being devitalized. 

DEVITALIZE (de-vi'tal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DEVI'TAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVITALIZED (de-vi- 
tal-Izd).] Deprive of vitality or life-giving 
qualities. 

DEVOCALIZE (de-vd'kal-iz), vt. [pr.p. DE- 
VOCALIZING; p.t. and p.p. DEVOCALIZED 
(de'-vo'kal-izd).] 1. Make voiceless. 2. Re- 
duce the vowel element of, as a sound or 
syllable. 

DEVOID (de-void')» a. Not possessing; destitute; 
wanting: used with o/, as devoid of sense. 
[O. Fr. desvoidier, empty out; from des, away, 
and voidier, empty.] 

DEVOIR (de-vwar' or de-vwar'), n. Act of 
civility or politeness; service; duty; usually 
in the plural, respects, regards. [Fr.] 

DEVOLVE (de-volv), v. [pr.p. DEVOLVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEVOLVED (de-volvd').] I. vt. 
Deliver over; hand down; transfer. II. vi. 
Become incumbent; fall by succession. [L. 
devolvo; from de, down, and volvo, roll.] 

DEVOLVEMENT (de-volv'ment), n. Act or 
process of devolving. 

DEVOTE (de-vof), vt. [pr.p. DEVO'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DEVO'TED.] 1. Set apart or dedicate 
by solemn act; consecrate. 2. Give wholly 
up :, give or surrender without reserve. 3. 
Apply assiduously. 4. Doom; consign. [L. 
devoveo (p.p. devotus); from de, away, and 
voveo, vow.] 

SYN. See DEDICATE. 

DEVOTED (de-vo'ted), a. 1. Given up, as by 
a vow. 2. Doomed. 3. Strongly attached. 
4. Ardent; zealous. 

DEVOTEDLY (de-vo'ted-li), adv. In a devoted 
manner. 

DEVOTEDNESS (de-vo'ted-nes), n. State of 
being devoted. 

DEVOTEE (dev-o-te'), n. One wholly or zeal- 
ously devoted, especially to religion; votary; 
zealot. 

DEVOTER (de-vd'ter), n. 'One who devotes, 
dedicates, or sets apart. 

DEVOTION (de-vo'shun), n. 1. Act of devoting. 
2. State of being devoted. 3. Act of reverence 
or worship done to the Supreme Being; prayer. 
4. Strong affection or attachment. 

SYN. Dedication; devoutness; piety; con- 
secration; self-sacrifice; attachment. ANT. 
Selfishness; impiety. 

DEVOTIONAL (de-vo'shun-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to devotion. 

DEVOTIONALLY (de-vo'shun-al-i), adv. In a 
devotional manner; toward devotion. 

DEVOUR (de-vowr'), vt. [pr.p. DEVOURING; 
p.t. and p.p. DEVOURED (de-vowrd').] 1. 
Swallow greedily; eat up. 2. Consume or 



waste with violence. 3. Take into the mind 
or senses with eagerness and avidity. [L. 
devoro; from de, fully, and voro, devour.] 

SYN. Consume; eat; gorge; swallow. 
ANT. Disgorge; vomit. 

DEVOURER (de-vowr'er), n. One who or 
that which devours. 

DEVOURINGLY (de-vowr'ing-li), adv. With 
eagerness and avidity. 

DEVOUT (de-vowt), a. 1. Devoted to religion 
and piety; pious; religious. 2. Filled with 
devotion; expressing devotion. 3. Sincere; 
earnest; heartfelt. [O. Fr. devot; from L. de- 
votus, p.p. of devoveo; from de, away, and 
voveo % vow.] 

SYN. Holy; religious; prayerful. ANT. 
Worldly-minded; irreligious; impious; pro- 
fane. 

DEVOUTLY (de-vowt'li), adv. In a devout 
manner. 

DEVOUTNESS (de-vowt'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being devout. 

DEW (du), n. Moisture deposited from the air 
on cooling, especially at night, in minute 
drops upon the surface of objects. [A. S. deaw.] 

DEW (du), vt. [pr.p. DEWING; p.t. and p.p. 
DEWED (dud).] Wet with dew; bedew. 

DEWBERRY (du'ber-i), n. [pi. DEWBERRIES.] 
Bot. 1. Fruit of a species of 
English bramble or black- 
berry, the Rubus cwsisu, hav- 
ing a bluish dew-like bloom; 
also the plant. 2. The low 
blackberry, the Rubus Cana- 
densis, of the United 
and Canada; also the 

DEW-CLAW (du'kla), n. 
mentary claw or hoof. 

DEWDROP (du'drop), n. 
of dew. 

DEWINESS (du'i-nes), n. 

of being dewy, or wet with dew. 

DEWLAP (dti'lap), n. Loose fold of skin under 
the throat of cattle; anything of a like nature, 
as the fleshy wattle of the turkey, etc. 

DEW-POINT (du'point), n. Temperature at 
which dew begins to form. 

DEW-RETTING (du'ret-ing), n. Process of 
rotting away the gummy part of hemp or 
flax by exposure on the grass to dew and rain. 
[DEW and RETTING.] 

DEWY (du'i), a. 1. Full of or accompanied with 
dew. 2. Covered with dew. 3. Refreshing, 
like dew. 4. Bot. Having the appearance of 
being covered with dew. 

DEXIOCARDIA (deks-i-o-kar'di-a), n. Tera- 
tology. Congenital condition in which the 
heart is transposed to the right side of the 
thorax. [Gr. dexios, on the right side, and 
kardia, heart.] 

DEXTER (deks'ter), a. 1. Pertaining to or 
situated on the right-hand side ; right. 2. Her. 
Situated on the right; the right; as the dexter 




States 
plant. 

Rudi- 

Drop 



State Dewberry. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
_ ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DEXTERITY 



3Gi 



DIACOUSTICS 



side of a shield is that opposite the left hand 
of the spectator. 3. Auspicious; favorable; 
propitious. [L. dexter, right.] 

DEXTERITY (deks-ter'i-ti), n. 1. Bodily or 
physical expertness or skill, especially of the 
hands. 2. Mental quickness or readiness; 
adroitness; cleverness; tact. [L. dexteritas; 
from dexter, right; from Gr. dexiteros, right, 
as opposed to left.] 

SYN. Expertness; aptitude; adroitness; 
skill. ANT. Awkwardness; clumsiness; mal- 
adroitness. 

DEXTEROUS (deks'ter-us), DEXTROUS (deks'- 
trus), a. 1. Expert or skilled in any manual 
employment. 2. Quick and ready mentally. 
3. Done or managed with dexterity. 

DEXTEROUSLY (deks'ter-us-li), DEXTROUS- 
LY(deks'trus-li), adv. In a dexterous manner. 

DEXTEROUSNESS (deks'ter-us-nes), DEX- 
TROUSNESS (deks'trus-nes), n. Quality of 
being dexterous. 

DEXTRAL(deks'tral),a. Right, as opposed to I eft. 

DEXTRALITY (deks-tral'i-ti), n. Right-hand- 
edness. 

DEXTRIN, DEXTRINE (deks'trin), n. Chetn. 
Starch altered by the action of acids, diastase, 
or heat till it loses its gelatinous character, 
so called because when viewed through 
polarized light it turns the plane of polariza- 
tion to the right. [Fr. ; from L. dexter, right. ] 

DEXTRO-, prefix. Used in composition to sig- 
nify the turning of the plane of a ray of 
polarized light to the right. [L. detcter, right.] 

DEXTRO-GYRATE (deks-tro-ji'rat), a. Causing 
to turn toward the right. [DEXTRO- and 
GYRATE.] 

DEXTRORSE (deks-trars), DEXTRORSAL 
(deks-trars'al), a. Rising from right to 
left, as a spiral line, climber, helix, etc. [L. 
dextrorsum, contr. of dextrovorsum; from 
dexter, right, and vorsutn, versutn, turned.] 

DEXTROSE (deks'tros), n. Grape-sugar, so 
called from its dextro-gyrate property of 
causing a ray of polarized light to rotate to 
the right. [L. dexter, right, and -OSE.] 

DEY (da), n. Formerly, title of the governor 
of Algiers. [Turk, ddi, uncle.] 

DHARMA (dar'ma), n. 1. The righteousness 
that underlies the law. 
2. The law of Buddha. 
[Sans.] 

DHAURA (dow'ra), n. 
Bot. Species of East 
Indian sapan or dye- 
wood. [Hind.] 

DHOLE (dol), n. Wild 
dog of India. [East In- 
dian.] 

DHOOLY, DOOLIE (do'li), n. 
[Hind, doll.1 

DHOORRA, DURRA (dpr'a), n. Indian millet 
or Guinea corn, cultivated as a cereal in Asia, 
Africa, and the south of Europe. [Ar. dJiorra.] 




Dhole (Canis dukhu- 
nensis) . 



Covered litter. 



DHOW (dow), n. 

a single mast 

and a lateen 

sail. [Ar.] 
DI-, prefix. Twice; 

two; two-fold; 

double; doubly. 

[Gr. di-, for dis-, 

twice.] 
DI-, prefix;. Apart; 

asunder. [Form of 

DIS-.] 
DI-, prefix. Form of 

DIA- before a 

vowel. 
DIA-, prefix. Apart; 

separate ; between; 

through; thor- 
oughly, as in diabetes. [Gr 
DIABETES (di-a-be'tez), n. 



Arab coasting vessel, having 




Dhow. 



dia, through.] 
Pathol. Disease 
marked by a morbid and excessive discharge 
of urine, which is always saccharine. [Gr.; 
from dia, through, and baino, go.] 

DIABETIC (di-a-bet'ik), DIABETICAL (di-a- 
bet'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to diabetes. 

DIABLERIE, DIABLERY (di-a'ble-ri), n. The 
black art; magic; sorcery. [Fr. diablerie; from 
diable, devil.] 

DIABOLIC (dl-a-bolik), DIABOLICAL (di-a- 
bol'ik-al), a. Devilish. [Gr. diabolikos; from 
diabolos, the devil.] 

DIABOLICALLY (di-a-bol'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
diabolical manner. 

DIABOLIC ALNESS (di-a-bol'ik-al-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being diabolical. 

DIABOLISM (di-ab'o-lizm), n. 1. Diabolical 
conduct or spirit. 2. Diablerie. 

DIABOLO (di-ab'o-16), n. Game played with a 
double cone joined at the apex of each, 
tossed up in the air or from player to player 
and caught on a string attached to two short 
wooden sticks or wands. 

DIACAUSTIC (di-a-kas'tik), I. a. 1. Optics. 
Pertaining to curves formed by the intersec- 
tion of rays of refracted light. 2. Surg. 
Cauterizing by refraction, as with a burning- 
lens. II. n. 1. Double convex lens, used in 
cauterizing parts of the body. 2. Curve formed 
by the intersections of rays of refracted light. 
[DIA- and CAUSTIC] 

DIACHYMA (di-ak'i-ma), n. Bot. Parenchyma 
of leaves. [Gr. dia, through, and chytna, 
juice.] 

DIACONAL (di-ak'o-nal), a. Of or pertaining 
to a deacon or the diaconate. 

DIACONATE (di-ako-nat), n. 1. Office or 
dignity of a deacon. 2. Body of deacons 
collectively. [L. diaconus, deacon.] 

DIACOUSTIC (di-a-kos'tik), a. Pertaining to 
the refraction of sound through various 
mediums. [DI- (through), and ACOUSTIC] 

DIACOUSTICS (di-a-kos'tiks), n. Branch of 
physics that deals with refracted sounds. 



?ate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DIACRITIC 



365 



DIALOGICALLY 



DIACRITIC (di-a-krit'ik), I. a. Diacritical. II. 
n. Diacritical mark. [Gr. diakrltikos; from 
diakrino, distinguish; from dia, between, and 
krind, distinguish.] 

DIACRITICAL (di-a-krit'ik-al), a. Distinguish- 
ing — as a diacritical mark used to distinguish 
letters that are similar in form, or the different 
sounds of a letter. 

DI ACTINIC (di-ak-tin'ik), a. Transmitting the 
actinic rays. [DI- and ACTINIC] 

DIADEM (di'a-dem), n. 1. Band for the head, 
anciently worn as an emblem of sovereignty. 
2. Anything worn on the head as a badge of 
royalty; crown. 3. Sovereign power. [Gr. 
d lade ma; from dia, through, and deo, bind.] 

DIADEM (di'a-dem), vt. [pr.p. DIADEMING; 
p.t. and p.p. DIADEMED (di'a-demd).] Adorn 
with a diadem. 

DIADEXIS (di-a-deks'is), n. Pathol. Transfor- 
mation of one disease into another, differing 
both in location and character. [Gr. dia, 
through, and dechomai, receive.] 

DIAERESIS (di-er'e-sis), n. [pi. DLERESES 
(di-er'e-sez).] Same as DIERESIS. 

DIAGLYPH (di'a-glif), n. An intaglio. [Gr. 
dia, through, and glypho, carve.] 

DIAGLYPHIC (di-a-glif'ik), a. Sculpt, and 
Engrav. Sunk into the general ground or 
surface. 

DIAGNOSE (di-ag-nos'), vt. [pr.p. DIAGNO'- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. DIAGNOSED (di-ag- 
nost').] Med. Ascertain from symptoms; 
make a diagnosis of, as a disease. 

DIAGNOSIS (di-ag-no 'sis), n. [pi. DIAGNO'SES.] 

1. Med. A scientific determination of the 
distinctive nature of a disease by its symptoms. 

2. Short distinctive description. [Gr. diagno- 
sis; from dia, between, and gnosis, inquiry; 
from gignosko, know.] 

DIAGNOSTIC (di-ag-nos'tik), I. a. Distinguish- 
ing; characteristic. II. n. Sign or symptom 
by which anything is known, discriminated, 
or distinguished from anything else. 

DIAGNOSTICS (di-ag-nos'tiks), n. Branch of 
medicine to which the skill in noting and in- 
terpreting symptoms belongs. 

DIAGOMETER (di-a-gom'e-ter), n. Elec. Ap- 
paratus for ascertaining the electrical con- 
ductivity of metals and other substances. [Gr. 
diago, transmit, and -METER.] 

DIAGONAL, (di-ag'o-nal), I. a. 1. Crossing in 
an angular or oblique direction. 2. Geom. 
Extending from one to an opposite angle of a 
quadrilateral or multilateral figure. 3. Marked 
by lines, ridges, stripes, etc., crossing obliquely. 
II. n. 1. Geom. Line drawn joining the op- 
posite angles of a quadrilateral or multilateral 
figure. 2. Fabric having diagonal stripes or 
ridges. [L. diagonalis; from Gr. diagonios; 
from dia, through, and gonia, corner.] 

DIAGONALLY (di-ag'o-nal-i), adv. In a di- 
agonal direction; obliquely. 

DIAGRAM (dl'a-gram), «. 1. Any illustrative 




Dial. 



figure drawn in outline. 2. Geom. Drawing 
or delineation made for the purpose of demon- 
strating some property of a geometrical figure. 
[Gr. diagramma, from dia, through, and 
gramma, drawing; from grapho, write, draw.] 

DIAGRAMMATIC (di-a-gram-mat'ik), a. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of a diagram. 

DIAGRAPH (di'a-graf), n. Instrument for 
enabling unskilled persons to draw light 
objects in outline. [Gr. diagrapho; from dia, 
through, and grapho, write, draw.] 

DIAGRAPHIC (di-a-graf'ik), a. Descriptive. 

DIAL (di'al), n. 1. Instrument for showing the 
time of day by the sun's shadow. 
2. Face of a watch or clock. 3. 
Circular plate on which a movable 
index shows the degree of pressure, 
etc. — Miner's dial, compass with 
sights. [L.L. dialis, daily; from L. 
dies, day.] 

DIAL (di'aD, vt. [pr.p. DIALING; 
p.t. and p.p. DIALED (di'ald).] 1. 
Measure with a dial. 2. Survey by 
means of a miner's dial. 

DIALECT (di'a-lekt), n. 1. Style of 
language. 2. Variety or form of 
a language peculiar to a district; 
provincial or non-literary vernacular. [Gr. 
dialektos; from dia, between, and lego, speak.] 

DIALECTIC (di-a-lekt'ik), DIALECTICAL (di- 
a-lekt'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to dialect, or 
of the nature of a dialect. 2. Pertaining to 
dialectics; logical. 

DIALECTIC (di-a-lekt'ik), n. Same as DIA- 
LECTICS. 

DIALECTICALLT (di-a-lekt'ik-al-i), adv. 1. 
In the manner of a dialect. 2. In a logical 
menner; logically. 

DIALECTICIAN (di-a-lek-tish'un), n. One 
skilled in dialectics; logician. 

DIALECTICS (di-a-lekt'iks), n. 1. Art of dis- 
cussing. 2. Branch of logic that teaches the 
rules and modes of reasoning. 

DIALING (di'al-ing), n. 1. Art of constructing 
dials. 2. Science that explains the measuring 
of time by the sun-dial. 3. Surveying by help 
of a miner's dial. 

DIALIST (di'al-ist), n. 1. Maker of dials. 2. 
One skilled in dialing. 

DIALLAGE (di-al'a-je), n. Bhet. Figure of 
speech by which arguments, after having 
been considered from various points of view 
are all brought to bear upon one point. 
[Gr.] 

DIALLAGE (dl'al-aj), n. Mineral nearly allied 
to augite, brown, gray, or green in color, 
laminated in structure, with a metallic luster 
when broken across. [Gr. d tallage, change; 
from dia, between, and allasso, change.] 

DIALOGICAL (di-a-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of a dialogue. 

DIALOGICALLY (di-a-loj'ik-al-i), adv. After 
the manner of a dialogue. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DIALOGIST 



366 



DIAPASON 



DIALOGIST (di-al'o-Jist), n. Speaker in, or 
writer of, a dialogue. 

DIALOGISTIC (di-al-o-jist'ik), DIALOGIST- 
ICAL (di-al-o-jist'ik-al), a. In the form of a 
dialogue. 

DIALOGIZE (di-al'o-jlz), vi. [pr.p. DIAL'OGI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. DIALOGIZED (di-al'o- 
jlzd).] Discourse in dialogue. 

DIALOGUE (di'a-log), n. Conversation between 
two or more persons, especially of a formal 
or imaginary nature. [Gr. dialogos; from dia, 
between, and lego, speak.] 

DIALYSIS (di-al'i-sis), w. [pi. DIALYSES (di- 
al'i-sez).] 1. Chem. Separation of substances 
by diffusion through a membranous septum or 
partition. 2. Gram. Dieresis. 3. JRhet. Asyn- 
deton. 4. Med. Loss of strength; exhaustion; 
weakness. 5. Biol. Separation of parts pre- 
viously joined together. [Gr.; from dialyo, 
separate; from dia, apart, and lyo, loose.] 

DIALYTIC (di-a-lit'ik), a. Pertaining to dialysis; 
relaxing. 

DIAMAGNET (di-a-mag'net), n. Body or sub- 
stance having diamagnetic polarity. [DIA- 
and MAGNET.] 

DIAMAGNETIC (di-a-mag-net'ik), I. a. Cross- 
magnetic — applied to any substance, such as 
a rod of bismuth or glass, which when sus- 
pended between the poles of a magnet, ar- 
ranges itself across the line joining the poles, 
that is, the line of magnetic force. II. n. 
Any diamagnetic substance; diamagnet. 

DIAMAGNETICALLY (di-a-mag-net'ik-al-i ), 
adv. In a diamagnetic manner. 

DIAMAGNETISM (di-a-mag'net-izm), n. 1. 
Form of magnetic action possessed by dia- 
magnetic bodies. 2. Branch of science that 
treats of diamagnetic phenomena. 

DIAMETER (di-am'e-ter), n. 1. Length of a 
right line passing through the center of an 
object, from one side to the other. 2. Geotn. 
Straight line passing through the center of 
a circle or other figure, terminated at both 
ends by the line of circumference or bounding 
surface. 3. Arch. The measure across the 
lower part of the shaft of a column, which is 
usually divided into 60 minutes, and forms a 
scale for the measurement of all the parts of 
the order. — Apparent diameter. Astron. The 
apparent diameter of a celestial body is the 
angle which the latter subtends at the eye, 
and is measured by the micrometer. The dis- 
tance from the earth of the body, when mul- 
tiplied by the sine of this angle, gives the real 
diameter of the body. [Gr. diametros; from 
dia, through, and metron, measure.] 

DIAMETRAL (di-am'e-tral), a. Diametrical. 

DIAMETRIC (di-a-met'rik), a. Diametrical. 

DIAMETRICAL (di-a-met'rik-al), a. 1. In the 
direction of a diameter. 2. Pertaining to the 
diameter. 3. Directly opposed, like the op- 
posite ends of a diameter. 

DIAMETRICALLY (di-a-met'rik-al-i), adv. 1. 



Like a diameter; directly across or opposite. 
2. In a manner directly opposed or opposite. 
DIAMOND (dl'a-mund), n. Min. 1. Crystal of 
pure carbon, the hardest, most brilliant, and 
most valuable of all the precious stones, and 
when very transparent said to be of the first 
water, and of the second or third water as the 
transparency decreases. 2. Four-sided figure 
with two obtuse and two acute angles. 3. 
Cards. (1) One of a suit in a pack of cards, 
the spots on which are diamond-shaped. (2) 
[pi.] Suit of such cards. 4. Print. Size of type 
betwe en brilliant and pearl =4 or 4^ point. 

fjff " This line ia set in diamond type. 

5. Baseball. Space thirty yards square in- 
closed within the base lines; infield. [Fr. 
diamant; from L. adamanta, accus. of adamas; 
from Gr. adamas, adamantos, adamant.] 




Diamonds. 

A-B, Rose cut. C. Brilliant. D. Table cut. E. 
Regent. F. Brilliant. G. Brilliant. H. Brilliant. 
I. Table. J. Kohinoor. K. Grand Duke. 

DIAMOND-BEETLE (di'a-mund-be-tl), n. Zool. 
Coleopterous insect remarkable for its bril- 
liancy of color, the Entimus imperialis, native 
of South America. 

DIAMOND-PATTERN (di'a-mund-pat-ern), ». 
Pattern made up of rhomboidal figures. 

DIAMOND-SNAKE (di'a-mund-snak), n. 1. 
Large boa-like serpent (Morelia spilotes). 2. 
Tasmanian venomous serpent (Hoplocephalus 
superbus). 

DlANA (di-an'a)» n. Greek Myth. Goddess of 
hunting and of chastity ; the sister of Apollo ; 
was honored as a celestial divinity (Luna), as 
a terrestrial goddess (Diana), and in the infer- 
nal regions as Hecate. 

DIAPASON (di-a-pa'zun), n. Music 1. Full 
volume of various sounds in concord. 2. 
Harmony; concord; agreement. 3. One of 
the principal stops of an organ. 4. In old 
Greek music, the octave or interval which in- 
cludes all the tones. [Gr.; from dia, through, 
and pas, all.] 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



DIAPER 



367 



DIATOM 




Diaper work. 

Variegate with flg- 
Put a diaper on. 



DIAPER (di'a-per), n. 1. Fine cotton or linen 
cloth woven in slightly defined figures, used 
for towels, etc. 2. 
Arch. Floral or geo- 
metrical pattern in 
low relief, often re- 
peated over a consid- 
erable surface. 3. In- 
fant's breech - cloth. 
tO. Fr. diapre, jasper.] 

DIAPER (di'a-per), vt. 
[pr.p. di'apering; 
p.t. and p.p. DIA- 
PERED (di'a-perd).] 1. 
ures, as in diaper. 2. 

DIAPHANEITY (di-a-fa-ne'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being diaphanous. 

DIAPHANOSCOPY (di-a-fa-nos'ko-pi), n. Ex- 
amination of cavities of the body by means 
of an introduced incandescent electric light. 
[Gr. diaphaino, show through, and suffix 
-SCOPY.] 

DIAPHANOUS (di-af'a-nus), a. Having the 
quality of allowing light to pass through its 
substance; transparent; translucent; clear. 
[Gr. diaphanes; from dia, through, and phaino, 
show.] 

DIAPHANOUSLY (di-af'a-nus-li ), adv. In a 
diaphanous manner; transparently. 

DIAPHANOUSNESS(di-af'a-nus-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being diaphanous. 

DIAPHONIC (di-a-fon'ik), a. Same as DIA- 
COUSTIC. 

DIAPHONICS (di-a-fon'iks), n. Same as DIA- 
COUSTICS. [Gr. dia, through, and phone, 
sound.] 

DIAPHORESIS (di-a-fo-re'sis), n. 1. Un- 
natural or unusual degree of perspiration. 
2. Med. Perspiration artificially induced. 
[Gr.; from dia, through, and phoreo, freq. of 
phero, carry.] 

DIAPHORETIC (di-a-fo-ret'ik), I. a. Pro- 
moting perspiration. II. n. Sudorific or medi- 
cine that increases perspiration. 

DIAPHORETICAL (di-a-fo-ret'ik-aD, a. Dia- 
phoretic. 

DIAPHOTE (di'a-fot), n. Elec. Double selenium 
telephote for reciprocally transmitting fac- 
similes. [Gr. dia, through, and phos, photos, 
light.] 

DIAPHRAGM (di'a-fram), n. 1. Anat. Muscle 
that separates the chest or thorax from the 
abdomen, forming a partition between these 
two cavities, and being the sole agent in tran- 
quil respiration; midriff. 2. Biol. Thin par- 
tition or dividing membrane. 3. Mech. (1) 
Partition or dividing wall of a compartment. 
(2) Thin disk of an elastic solid, securely 
fastened at its edges and capable of being 
set in vibration, as in the telephone. 4. 
Optics. Annular disk in a telescope or other 
optical Instrument, serving to exclude some 
of the marginal rays of a beam of light. [Gr. 



diaphragma; from dia, across, and phragnymi, 
fence.] 

DIAPHRAGM-GAGE (di'a-fram-gaj), n. In- 
strument for recording heat or steam pressure 
through the expansion and contraction of a 
curved diaphragm. 

DIARIST (di'a-rist), n. One who keeps a diary. 

DIARRHEA, DIARRHOEA (di-a-re'a), n. Pathol. 
Persistent purging or looseness of the bowels. 
[Gr. diarrhoia; from dia, through, and rhe6, 
flow.] 

DIARRHEAL, DIARRHEAL (di-a-re'al,) a. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of diarrhea. 

DIARRHETIC, DIARRHCETIC (di-a-ret'ik), a. 
Causing or tending to cause diarrhea; purg- 
ing. 

DIARTHROSIS (di-ar-thro'sis), n. Anat. Mov- 
able articulation, including all forms of articu- 
lation that admit of the motion of one bone 
upon another; free arthrosis. [Gr. ; from 
diarthroo, divide by joints; from dia, between, 
and arthroo, joint, fasten; from arthron, 
joint.] 

DIARY (dl'a-ri), «• [pl> DI'ARIES.] Book in 
which the duties and events of every day are 
recorded; daily record; journal. [L. diarium; 
from dies, day.] 

DIASTASE (di'a-stas), n. Peculiar ferment de- 
veloped during the germination of all seeds, 
which has the power of converting starch 
into dextrin and then into sugar. [Gr. dia- 
stasis, division; from dia, through, and 
histemi, stand.] 

DIASTOLE (di-as'to-le), n. 1. Phys. Dilatation 
of the heart, auricles, and arteries — opposed 
to SYSTOLE. 2. Anc. Pros. Protracting of a 
short syllable, as before a pause. [Gr. diastole, 
a drawing apart; from dia, apart, and stello, 
send.] 

DIASTOLIC (di-as-tol'ik), a. Pertaining to di- 
astole. 

DIASTYLE (di'a-stil), n. Arch. An arrange- 
ment of columns, in which the intercolumnia- 
tion or space between them is equal to three 
or four diameters of the columns. [Gr. dia- 
stylion; from dia, between, and stylos, pillar.] 

DIATESSARON (di-a-tes'a-ron), n. 1. Music. 
Interval of a fourth. 2. Med. Electuary of 
four ingredients. 3. Theol. Harmony of the 
four Gospels. [Gr.; from dia, through, and 
tessaron, fourth, and tessares, four.] 

DIATHERMAL (di-a-ther'mal), DIATHERMA- 
NOUS (di-a-ther'ma-nus), a. Allowing free 
transmission of heat. [Gr. dia, through, and 
thermos, heat.] 

DIATHESIS (di-ath'e-sis), n. Med. 1. Par- 
ticular condition or habit of body, especially 
one predisposing to certain diseases. 2. Mental 
predisposition. [Gr.; from dia, apart, and 
tithemi, place.] 

DIATHETIC (di-a-thet'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of diathesis. 

DIATOM ( di'a-tom ), n. Bot. One of an order 
of microscopic unicellular algae, the technical 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DIATOMIC 



368 



DICTATOR 



name of which is Diatomaccte. [Gr. diatomos; 
from dia, through, and tome, a cutting; from 
temno, cut.] 

DIATOMIC (di-a-tom'ik), a. 1. Chem. Com- 
prising two atoms. 2. Having a valence twice 
that of a monad element. 

DIAT03IIN (di-at'o-min), DIATOMITE (dl-at'o- 
mit), n. Polishing powder for metals known 
as rottenstone and tripoli. 

DIATOMOUS (di-at'o-mus), a. Min. Having 
crystals with one distinct diagonal cleavage. 

DIATONIC (di-a-ton'ik), a. Music. Proceed- 
ing by the tones and intervals of the natural 
scale. [Gr. diatonikon; from dia, through, and 
tonos, tone.] 

DIATONICALLY (dl-a-ton'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
diatonic manner. 

DIATRIBE (di'a-trib), n. 1. Invective harangue. 
2. Originally, a prolonged discussion or dis- 
putation. [Gr. diatribe; from dia, through, 
and tribo, rub, wear away.] 

DIBASIC (di-ba'sik), a. Chem. Containing two 
atoms of hydrogen replaceable by a base or 
bases, said of a,cids. [DI- and BASIC] 

DIBBLE (dib'l), vt. [pr.p. DIBBLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DIBBLED (dib'ld).] Plant with a dibble. 
[Form of DABBLE.] 

DIBBLE (dib'l), n. Gardener's tool for making 
holes to put seeds or plants in. 

DIBS (dibz), n. Soy or honey-sauce made from 
glutinous sweet fruits in China and India. 

DICAST (di'kast), n. Greek Antia. One of the 
six thousand Athenians annually chosen to act 
as jurors. [Gr. dikastes; from dike, justice.] 

DlCE (di'se), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of Justice, 
daughter of Zeus and Themis. 

DICE (dis), n. pi. [sing. DIE.] 1. Small cubes 
used in gaming by being thrown from a box. 
2. Game played with dice, [See DIE, ».] 

DICE (dis), vi. [pr.p. DICING; p.t. and p.p. 
DICED (dist).] Play with dice. 

DICE-BOX (dis'boks), n. Box or cylindrical 
case out of which dice are thrown. 

DlCENTRA(di-sen'tra), w. Bot. Genus of plants, 
including the flower, bleeding-heart, the 
Dicentra spectabilis. [Gr. di-, double, and 
kentron, point.] 

DICEPHALOUS (dl-sef'a-lus), a. Two-headed. 
[Gr. dikeplialos; from di-, double, and kephale, 
head.] 

DICER (di'ser), n. One who plays dice. 

DICHASTASIS (di-kas'ta-sis), n. Biol. Spon- 
taneous subdivision. [Gr. dichazo, part asun- 
der; from dicha, in two parts.] 

DICHASTIC (di-kas'tik), a. Of, pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, dichastasis. 

DICHOT03IOUS (di-kot'o-mus), a. Bot. 1. 
Dividing into two; forked. 2. Consisting of a 
pair or pairs. 

DICHROIS3I (di'kro-izm), n. Property of show- 
ing different colors when viewed in different 
directions, exhibited by doubly refracting 
crystals. [Gr. dichroos, two-colored.] 



DICHROITIC (di-kro-it'ik), a. Characterized 
by dichroism. 

DICHROMATIC (di-kro-mat'ik), a. Character- 
ized by dichromatism. [DI- and CHROMATIC] 

DICHROMATISM (di-kro'ma-tizm), n. Zool. 
Quality of presenting two colors or systems 
of coloration, as certain species of birds and 
insects. 

DICHROMIC (di-kro'mik), a. Of or pertaining 
to dichromism. 

DICHROMISM (di'kro-mizm), n. An inability 
to distinguish more than two of the primary 
colors. [Gr. di-, two, and chroma, color.] 

DICHROSCOPE (di'kro-skop), n. Instrument 
to verify blending of colors by means of 
stained glass of different hues. 

DICKER (dik'er), n. 1. Petty trade or bargain. 
2. Formerly, number or quantity of ten, 
especially ten hides or skins. [L. decern, ten.] 

DICKER (dik'er), v. [pr.p. DICK'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. DICKERED (dik'erd).] I. vt. Bar- 
ter; bargain; deal. II. vi. Drive a bargain; 
make a dicker. 

DICKEY (dik'i), n. Same as DICKY. 

DICKY (dik'i), n. [pi. DICK'EES.] 1. Child's 
bib or pinafore. 2. Detachable linen shirt 
front, or false bosom. 3. Seat behind the body 
of a carriage, for servants. 4. High shirt- 
collar. [Dut. dek, cover.] 

DICKY-BIRD (dik'i-berd), n. Familiar name 
for a small bird. [From Dick, a diminutive of 
Richard.] 

DICLINIC (di-klin'ik), a. Crystallog. Having 
two of the intersections of the axes oblique. 
[Gr. di-, asunder, and Mine, bed.] 

DICLINOUS (di'kli-nus), a. Bot. Having the 
stamens and pistils in separate flowers. 

DICOCCOUS (di-kok'us), a. Biol. Formed of 
two cocci. [DI-, and Gr. kokkos, berry.] 

DICOTYLEDON (di-kot-i-le'don), n. Bot. Plant 
having two seed-lobes. [DI- and COTYLE- 
DON.] 

DICROTISM (dik'ro-tizm), n. Pathol. Double 
beating of the pulse. [DI-, and Gr. kroted, beat.] 

DICTA (dik'ta), n.pl. See DICTUM. 

DICTATE (diktat), v. [pr.p. DICTATING; p.t. 
and p.p. DICTATED.] I. vt. 1. Tell or repeat 
orally, as to an amanuensis, that it may be 
written down or reported. 2. Lay down the 
terms or conditions of. 3. Suggest; prompt; 
instigate. II. vi. 1. Utter words to be written 
or repeated by another. 2. Propose or im- 
pose terms; give orders. [L. dido (p.p. dic- 
tatus), freq. of dico, say.] 

SYN. Suggest; prescribe; command; or- 
der; decree; ordain; urge; enforce. ANT. 
Follow; repeat; obey; submit; yield. 

DICTATE (dik'tat), n. 1. Order, command, or 
direction. 2. Mental suggestion; impulse. 

DICTATION (dik-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of dictating. 
2. That which is dictated. 3. Command or 
order. 

DICTATOR (dik-ta'tur), n. [fern. DICTA'TRESS 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= ch in Scotch lock. 



mute, hut, burn, 



DICTATORIAL 



369 



DIET 






or DICTATRIX.] 1. One who dictates. 2. 
One who has authority to decide or deter- 
mine any point or question. 3. One invested 
for a time with absolute authority, as in an- 
cient Rome in times of exigency and danger. 

DICTATORIAL (dik-ta-to'ri-al), a. Like a dic- 
tator; imperious; overbearing; absolute; au- 
thoritative. 

DICTATORIALLT (dik-ta-to'ri-al-i), adv. In a 
dictatorial manner. 

DICTATORIALNESS fdik-ta-tori-al-nes ), n. 
Quality of being dictatorial. 

DICTATORSHIP (dik-tatur-ship), n. 1. Office 
of a dictator. 2. Supreme or absolute author- 
ity or power. 

DICTATORY (dik'ta-to-ri), a. Overbearing; 
dogmatical. 

DICTATRESS (dik-ta'tres), DICTATRIX (dik- 
ta'triks), n. Female dictator. 

DICTION (dik'shun), n. Manner of expressing 
ideas by words; style. [L. dictio; from dico, 
speak.] 

DICTIONARY (dik'shun-a-ri), n. [pi. DIC- 
TIONARIES.] 1. Book containing the words 
of a language alphabetically arranged, with 
their meanings, etymology, pronunciation, 
etc.; lexicon. 2. Work containing informa- 
tion on any department of knowledge, alpha- 
betically arranged. [L. L. dictionarium ; from 
L. dictio, saying, word; from dico, say.] 

DICTU3I (dik'tum), n. [pi. DIC'TA.] 1. Authori- 
tative saying; positive or dogmatic assertion. 
2. Law. Ruling of a court or judge on a point 
not material to the case. [L.; from dico, say.] 

DICTYOGEN (dik'ti-o-jen), n. Bot. Plant with 
n e t-veined 
leaves. [Gr. 
diktyon, net, 
and gennad, 
produce.] 

DICYCLE (di'- 
si-kl), n. Bi- 
cycle with 
wheels par- 
allel to each 
other, instead 
of tandem. 
[DI- and CY- 
CLE.] 

DID (did), 

DIDST (didst), v. Past tense of DO. 

DIDACTIC (di-dak'tik), DIDACTICAL (di-dak'- 
tik-al), a. Fitted or intended to teach; in- 
structive; expository* [Gr. didaktikos; from 
didasko, teach. J 

DIDACTICALLY (di-dak'tik-al-i), adv. In a 
didactic manner. 

DIDACTICS (di-dak'tiks), n. Art or science of 
imparting instruction. 

DIDELPHID (di-del'fid), n. Member of the 
subclass Didelphia. 

DIDO (dido), n. [pi. DIDOES (di'doz).] An- 
tic; caper. [Etym. unknown.] 




Dicycle. 



DIDST (didst), v. Second person singular, past 
tense of DO. 

DIDYMOUS (did'i-mus), a. Bot. Growing dou- 
ble; twin. [Gr. didymos, twofold.] 

DIE (di), vi. [pr.p. DY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DIED (did).] 1. Meet or suffer death; lose life; 
expire; perfsh. 2. Become extinct, as a species. 
3. Come to naught; fail. 4. Pass away grad- 
ually; vanish. 5. Sink or faint. 6. Become 
vapid. 7. Theol. Become spiritually dead; 
perish eternally. [Ice. deyja.] 

DIE (di), n. [pi. in defs. 1 and 2, DICE (dis); in 
defs. 3 and 4, DIES (diz).] 1. Small cube, 
especially one marked with dots or figures 
on its sides and used in games, usually in sets 
of three. 2. Hazard; chance; lot; fortune. 
3. Stamp for impressing and cutting out coin, 
etc. 4. Arch. Cubical part of a pedestal. 
5. ly.ech. Device arranged to cut screw threads 
on outer circumference of a pipe; pattern 
made on hardened steel used for stamping 
metal work. [L. datus, given or cast — (talus, a 
piece of bone used in play, being understood).] 




Dies. 

DIELECTRIC (di-e-lek'trik), I. a. Elee. Per- 
mitting electrostatic induction to take place 
through its mass. II. n. Dielectric substance. 
[DIA- and ELECTRIC] 

DIERESIS, DL3ERESIS (di-er'e-sis), n. [pi. 
DIERESES, DIAERESES ( di-er'e-sez). ] 1. 
Mark (") sometimes placed over the second 
of two adjacent vowels to show that each is 
to be pronounced separately, as aerial. 2. 
Separation of adjacent vowels by such mark. 
[Gr. diairesis, division; from dia, asunder, 
and haireo, take.] 

DIESIS (di'e-sis), n. [pi. DIESES (di'e-sez).] 
1. Print. Reference mark, the double dagger 
( j). 2. Music. Difference in tone between 
a major and a minor semitone. [Gr.; from 
dia, through, and hiemi, send.] 

DIET (diet), n. 1. Daily fare; food. 2. Course 
of food prescribed or regulated medically. 
3. Allowance of food; ration. [Gr. diaita 9 
mode of living, diet.] 

DIET (di'et), n. Assembly of delegates or dig- 
nitaries convened and held from day to day. 
[Gr. diaita, mode of living; influenced by L. 
dies, day.] 

DIET (diet), v. [pr.p. DIETING; p.t. and p.p. 
DI'ETED.] I. vt. Restrict the fare of, accord- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burii 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DIETARIAN 



370 



DIFFUSE 



ing to rules of medicine. II. vi. Eat and drink 
according to a prescribed regimen. 

DIETARIAN (di-e-ta'ri-an), n. One who ob- 
serves prescribed rules for diet. 

DIETARY (di'e-ta-ri), I. a. Pertaining to diet 
or the rules of diet. II. n. [pi. DIETARIES.] 

1. Course of diet. 2. Allowance of food. 
DIETER (di'et-er), n. One who diets. 
DIETETIC (di-e-tet'ik), DIETETICAL (di-e- 

tet'lk-al), a. Pertaining to diet or dietetics. 
DIETETICS (di-e-tet'iks), n. Branch of hygiene 

embracing the rules for regulating diet. 
DIETETIST (di-e-tet'ist), n. One versed in 

dietetics. 
DIFFER (dif'er), vi. [pr.p. DIFFERING; p.t. 

and p.p. DIFFERED (dif'erd).] 1. Be unlike, 

distinct, or various. 2. Disagree in opinion; 

dissent. 3. Be at variance; fall out; dispute. [L. 

differo; from dif (for dis), apart, and fero, 

bear.] 
DIFFERENCE (dif'er-ens), n. 1. Dissimilarity. 

2. Quality distinguishing one thing from 
another. 3. Contention or quarrel. 4. Point 
in dispute. 5. Excess of one quantity or num- 
ber over another. 6. Com. Payable margin. 
7. Logic. Differentia. 

SYN. Unlikeness; disagreement; disso- 
nance; discord; contrariety; dissent; es- 
trangement; variety. ANT. Similarity; like- 
ness; agreement; consonance; harmony; 
identity. 

DIFFERENCE (dif'er-ens), vt. [pr.p. DIF'FER- 
ENCING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFERENCED (dif- 
er-enst).] Make or mark a difference between; 
distinguish. 

DIFFERENT (dif'er-ent), a. 1. Unlike; dis- 
similar. 2. Not the same; distinct; other. 

DIFFERENTIA (dif-er-en'shi-a), n. [pi. DIF- 
FERENTIAE (dif-er-en'shi-e).] Logic. Char- 
acteristic quality or attribute of a species. 
[L.] 

DIFFERENTIAE (dif-er-en'shal), I. a. 1. 
Creating a difference; discriminating. 2. 
Consisting of a difference; differing. 3. Math. 
Pertaining to a quantity or difference in- 
finitely small. II. n. Math. An infinitely 
small difference between two consecutive 
states of a variable quantity. — Differential 
calculus. Math. Method of finding the ratios 
ot the differences of variable magnitudes on 
the supposition that these differences become 
infinitely small. — Differential winding. Elec. 
Such a double winding of magnet coils that 
the two holes produced thereby are opposed 
to each other. 

DIFFERENTIALLY (dif-er-en'shal-i), adv. By 
way of distinction or differentiation. 

DIFFERENTIATE (dif-er-en'shi-at), v. [pr.p. 
DIFFERENTIATING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFER- 
ENTIATED.] I. vt. 1. 3Iake different. 2. 
Create a difference between. 3. Logic. Dis- 
criminate or distinguish between by observing 
the differentia. 4. Math. Obtain the differ- 



ential, or the differential coefficient of. 5. 
Biol. Set apart for a particular purpose; 
specialize. II. vi. Acquire a different or dis- 
tinct character; become differentiated. 

DIFFERENTIATION (dif-er-en-shi-a'shun), n. 
1. Act of distinguishing or describing a thing 
by giving its differentia. 2. Exact definition. 
3. Biol. Change by which organs or structures 
become specialized or modified. 4. Math. 
Act or process of differentiating a function. 

DIFFERENTLY (dif'er-ent-li), adv. In a differ- 
ent or varying manner. 

DIFFICULT (dif'i-kult), a. 1. Hard to do; 
attended with labor, trouble, or pains; ardu- 
ous ; troublesome. 2. Hard to please, persuade, 
or satisfy. 3. Hard to understand. [Formed 
from DIFFICULTY.] 

DIFFICULTY (dif'i-kul-ti), n. [pi. DIFFICUL- 
TIES.] 1. Quality of being difficult. 2. That 
which is difficult. 3. Obstacle; impediment, 
or hindrance. 4. Anything hard to be under- 
stood. 5. Objection, scruple, or question. 

6. Embroilment; misunderstanding; quarrel. 

7. Financial embarrassment. [Fr. difficuUe; 
from L. diffhcultas; from dif (=dis) f neg., and 
facilis, easy.] 

SYN. Arduousness; obstruction; objec- 
tion; cavil; controversy; falling out; em- 
barrassment; perplexity; exigency; distress; 
trouble; trial. ANT. Ease; relief; facility; 
aid; help; succor; joy; happiness. 

DIFFIDENCE (dif'i-dens), n. Want of self- 
confidence; ba?hfulness; modesty; shyness. 

SYN. Coyness; reserve; timidity. ANT. 
Confidence; assumption; assurance; impu- 
dence. 

DIFFIDENT (dif'i-dent), a. Distrustful of one's 
self; bashful; modest; shy. 

DIFFIDENTLY (dif'i-dent-li), adv. In a diffi- 
dent manner. 

DIFFLUENT (dif'lo-ent), a. Tending to flow 
away readily. [L. diffluens, pr.p. of diffluo; 
from dif (for dis), apart, and fluo, flow.] 

DIFFORM (dif 'arm), a. Irregular in form; not 
uniform. [L. dif (for dis), apart, and forma, 
form.] 

DIFFORMITY (dif-farm'i-ti), n. 1. Irregularity 
or want of uniformity. 2. Diversity or di- 
vergence. [Fr. difformite.] 

DIFFRACT (dif-frakt), vt. [pr.p. DIFFRACT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DIFFRACTED.] 1. Break 
or separate into parts, as rays of light in a 
prism. 2. Deflect. [L. diffringo (p.p. diffrac- 
tus,) break in pieces; from dif (for dis), apart, 
and frango, break.] 

DIFFRACTION (dif-frak'shun), n. Optics. 
Peculiar modification which light undergoes 
when it passes by the edge of an opaque body 
by being deflected from its direct course. 

DIFFRACTIVE (dif-frakt'iv), a. Causing, or 
tending to cause, diffraction. 

DIFFUSE (dif-fuz'), v. [pr.p. DIFFU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIFFUSED (dif-fuzd').] I. vt. 1. Spread 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DIFFUSE 



371 



DIGITALIS 






by pouring out. 2. Send out in all directions ; 
scatter; circulate; publish. II. vi. Spread 
as a liquid does. [L. diffundo (p.p. diffusus), 
pour abroad; from dif (for dis) 9 apart, and 
fundo, pour.] 

SYN. See DISSEMINATE. 

DIFFUSE ( dif -f us'), a. 1. Widely spread; dif- 
fused. 2. Copious; prolix; wordy. 

DIFFUSED (dif-fuzdO, a. 1. Spread widely. 
2. Loose; vague; rambling. 

DIFFUSEDLY (dif-fu'zed-li), adv. In a diffused 
manner. 

DIFFUSEDNESS (dif-fu'zed-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being diffused. 

DIFFUSELY (dif-fus'li), adv. 1. Widely; ex- 
tensively. 2. Copiously; not concisely. 

DIFFUSENESS (dif-fus'nes), n. Quality of being 
diffuse. 

DIFFUSER (dif-fu'zer), n. One who diffuses 
or spreads abroad. 

DIFFUSIBILITY (dif-fu-zi-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being diffusible. 

DIFFUSIBLE (dif-fu'zi-bl), a. Capable of being 
diffused. 

DIFFUSIBLENESS (dif-fu'zi-bl-nes), n. Dif- 
fusibility. 

DIFFUSION (dif-fu'zhun), n. 1. A spreading or 
scattering abroad; extension; distribution. 

2. State of being spread or dispersed widely. 

3. Exuberance of style; copiousness. — Dif- 
fusion of gases, the intermixture of gases free 
to communicate with each other. 

DIFFUSIVE (dif-fu'siv), a. 1. Spreading widely ; 
diffusing. 2. Widely spread or distributed. 3. 
Capable of diffusion. 

DIFFUSIVELY (dif-fu'siv-li), adv. In a diffusive 
manner ; expansively. 

DIFFUSIVENESS (dif-fu'siv-nes), n. 1. Power 
of diffusing. 2. Quality of being diffusive. 

DIG (dig)., v. [pr.p. DIG'GING; p.t. and p.p. DUG 
ov DIGGED (digd).] I. vt. 1. Form, fashion, 
or hollow out by excavating. 2. Turn up with 
a spade. 3. Poke or thrust, as one's elbow 
into another's side, or spurs into a horse. 4. 
Obtain or gain by digging. II. vi. 1. Occupy 
one's self in digging. 2. Labor steadily or 
perseveringly. 3. Study hard. [O. Fr. diguer, 
dig.] 

DIG (dig), «. 1. Poke or thrust. 2. Diligent 
or plodding student. (Colloq.) 

DIGAMMA (di-gam'a), n. Letter in the oldest 
Greek alphabet, which early fell into disuse. 
It had the force of English W and the form of 
F. [Gr. di-, twofold, and gamma, the Gr. G.] 

DIGASTRIC (di-gas'trik), a. Fleshy at each end, 
as the digastric muscle of the lower jaw. 
[Gr. di-, twofold, and gaster, stomach.] 

DIG DIG (dig'dig), n. Same as DIKDIK. 

DIGEST (di-jesf), v. [pr.p. DIGESTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIGESTED,] I. vt. 1. Convert into 
Chyme in the stomach. 2. Reduce to a sys- 
tem, method, or order. 3. Prepare or classify 
in the mind; meditate or reflect upon. 4. 



Put up with; endure. 5. Chem. Soften by 
heat and moisture. II. vi. 1. Undergo diges- 
tion. 2. Med. Suppurate. [L. digero (p.p. 
digeslus), carry asunder or dissolve; from di 
(for dis), asunder, and gero, carry.] 

DIGEST (di'jest), n. 1. Collection, compilation, 
or summary, arranged under proper heads 
or titles. 2. Summary of laws or judicial 
decisions, similarly arranged. 3. Body of 
laws collected and arranged, especially the 
Justinian code of civil laws; the Pandects. 

DIGESTER (di-jest'er), n. 1. One who digests. 
2. Close vessel in which by heat and pressure 
strong extracts are made from animal or 
vegetable substances. 3. That which aids 
digestion or strengthens digestive power. 

DIGESTIBILITY (di-jest-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being digestible. 

DIGESTIBLE (di-jest'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
digested. 

DIGESTIBLENESS (di-jest'i-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being digestible; digestibility. 

DIGESTION ( di-jes'chun ), n. 1. Phys. Con- 
version of food in the stomach into chyme, 
for circulation throughout the body and 
nourishment. 2. Capacity to digest. 3. Act 
of reducing to classification and method. 4. 
Chem. Slow action of a solvent on any sub- 
stance. 5. Meditation; consideration. 6. 
Bot. Absorption of carbonic acid by plants 
under the influence of light. 

DIGESTIVE (di-jest'iv), I. a. Pertaining to or 
promoting digestion. II. n. Anything that 
aids digestion; stomachic. 

DIGGABLE (dig'a-bl), a. Capable of being dug; 
lit for digging. 

DIGGER (dig'er), n. 1. Person or 
animal that digs. 2. Machine or 
other device for digging. 

DIGGING (dig'ing), n. 1. Opera- 
tion of excavating or of loosening 
earth with a spade, fork, pick, etc, 
2. [pi.] Popular name for locali- 
ties where gold is mined, and 
also, loosely, for other localities. 

DIGHT (dit), a. Dressed; adorned; 
bedecked. (Obsolete except in 
poetry.) [A. S. dihtan, arrange.] 

DIGIT (dij'it), n. 1. Finger or toe. 
2. Any one of the ten numerals, 

I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0; so named 
from the habit of counting on the 
fingers. 3. Measure of a finger's 
breadth, or three-quarters of an 
inch. 4. Astron. Twelfth part of the diameter 
of the sun or moon, term used to express the 
quantity of an eclipse. 5. Breadth of a 
finger or three-fourths of an inch. [L. digitus, 
finger.] 

DIGITAL(dij'it-al),I. o. Pertaining to the fingers. 

II. n. 1. Finger. 2. Key of a piano, etc. 
DIGITALIS (dij-i-ta'lis), n. Bot. 1. Genus of 

plants, including the foxglove, Digitalis pur- 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



DIGITATE 



372 



DILATORINESS 




Digitate leaf. 



purea. 2. [d-] Med. The dried leaves of the 
foxglove, useful in cases of heart disease. 
[L.; from digitus, finger.] 

DIGITATE (dij'i- 
tat), a. 1. Finger- 
shaped. 2. Bot. 
Consisting of sev- 
eral finger-like sec- 
tions, as a com- 
pound leaf having 
leaflets arranged 
like the fingers on 
a hand. 

DIGITATED (dij'i- 
ta-ted), a. Same 
as DIGITATE. 

DIGITATION (dij-i- 

ta'shun), n. 1. Finger-like arrangement. 2. 
Finger-like process. 

DIGITIFORM (dij'i-ti-farm), a. Formed like 
fingers. 

DIGITIGRADE (dij'i-ti-grad), I. a. Walking on 
the toes. II. n. Animal that walks on its toes, 
as the lion. Opposed to PLANTIGRADE. 
[Li. digitus, toe, and gradus, walking, from 
gradior, walk.] 

DIGNIFIED (dig'ni-fid), a. 1. Characterized 
hy dignity; stately; gravely affahle. 2. Noble; 
august. 3. Invested with some high position 
or rank. 

DIGNIFY (dig'ni-fi), vt. [pr.p. DIG'NIFYING; 
p.U and p.p. DIG'NIFIED.] 1. Give dignity 
to; honor; ennoble. 2. Invest with or advance 
to some dignity ; exalt ; prefer. [L. L. dignifico, 
think worthy; from dignus, worthy, and facio, 
make, esteem.] 

DIGNITARY (dig'nl-ta-ri), n. [pi. DIGNI- 
TARIES.] One in a dignified position or rank, 
especially in the church. 

DIGNITY (dig'ni-ti), n. [pi. DIGNITIES.] 1. 
Elevation of mind or character. 2. Stateliness 
of mien; gravity of bearing. 3. Position of 
influence, rank, or honor. 4. Worthiness; 
estimation; nobility. 5. Ecclesiastical pre- 
ferment. 6. Dignitary. [Fr. dignite; from L. 
dignitas; from dignus, worthy.] 

SYN. Distinction; nobility; rank; lofti- 
ness; stateliness; grandeur; majesty. ANT. 
Obscurity; meanness; paltriness. 

DIGRAPH (di'graf), n. Combination of two 
consonants or two vowels representing one 
simple sound, as ph in digraph and ea in 
bread. [DI- and -GRAPH.] 

DIGRAPHIC (di-graf'ik), a. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of a digraph. 

DIGRESS (di-gres'), vi. [pr.p. DIGRESS'ING; 
p.U and p.p. DIGRESSED (di-grest).] 1. 
Wander or deviate from the main subject; 
introduce irrelevant matter. 2. Formerly, 
turn aside from the right or direct path. [L. 
digredior (p.p. digressus); from di (for dis), 
apart, aside, and gradior, step.] 

DIGRESSION (di-gresh'un), n. 1. A wandering 



or departure from the main point or subject 
of a discourse. 2. Part of a discourse, etc., 
that departs from the main point or subject. 

DIGRESSIONAL (di-gresh'un-al), DIGRESSIVE 
( di-gres 'iv), a. Of the nature of a digression; 
departing from the main subject. 

DIGRESSIVELY ( di-gres 'iv-li), adv. By way of 
digression. 

DIHEDRAL (di-he'dral), a. Having two sides, 
or two plane faces. [Gr. di, two, and hedra, 
seat.] 

DIKDIK (dik'dik), n. Species of African ante- 
lope. 

DIKE (dik), n. 1. Mound or bank of earth 
thrown up to prevent inundation; levee; 
dam. 2. Geol. Perpendicular wall-like mass 
of igneous rock occupying the rents or 
fissures of stratified rocks. 3. Originally, a 
ditch or moat. [A. S. die, ditch.] 

DIKE (dik), vt. [pr.p. DI'KING; p.U and p.p. 
DIKED (dikt).] Surround or provide with a 
dike. 

DILAPIDATE (di-lap'i-dat), v. [pr.p. DILAP- 
IDATING; p.U and p.p. DILAPIDATED.] I. 
vt. Bring to state of ruin; lay waste; demol- 
ish. II. vi. Fall into ruin. [L. dilapido (p.p. 
dilapidatus) , destroy; from di, asunder, and 
lapis, lapidis, stone.] 

DILAPIDATION (di-lap-i-da'shun), n. Act or 
process of dilapidating or state of being di- 
lapidated. 

DILAT ABILITY (di-la-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being dilatable. 

DILATABLE (di-la'ta-bl), a. Capable of dilata- 
tion; elastic. 

DILATANCY (di-la'tan-si), n. Expansion; dila- 
tation. 

DILAT ANT (di-la'tant), I. a. Tending to dilate. 
II. n. Dilating agent. 

DILATATION (dil-a-ta'shun), n. Expansion; 
extension; distension; dilation. 

DILATE (di-lat), v. [pr.p. DILA'TING; p.U and 
p.p. DILA'TED.] I. vt. Spread out in all direc- 
tions; expand; distend; inflate; opposed to 
CONTRACT. II. vi. 1. Swell out; expand. 2. 
Speak at length; descant; expatiate. [L. 
dilato; from dilatus, spread abroad; from di-, 
apart, and latus, borne.] 

DILATER (di-la'ter), n. One who or that which 
dilates. 

DILATION (di-la'shun), n. 1. Act of expanding 
or dilating. 2. State of expansion or dilata- 
tion. 

DILATIVE (di-15'tiv), a. Causing dilation; ex- 
pansive. 

DILATOR (di-la'tur), n. 1. Dilater. 2. Anat. 
Muscle that dilates the parts on which it acts. 
3. Surg. Instrument for extending parts or 
dilating the walls of a cavity. 

DILATORILY (dila-tor-i-li), adv. In a dilatory 
manner. 

DILATORINESS (dil'a-tor-i-nes), n. Quality of 
being dilatory. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute. hut. burn. 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DILATORY 



373 



DIMEROUS 









DILATORY (dila-tor-i), a. 1. Given to pro- 
crastination; loitering; slow. 2. Tending to 
delay. 3. Characterized by delay. [L. dila- 
torius, putting off.] 

DILEMMA (di-lem'a), n. 1. Position where 
each of two alternative courses (or of all the 
feasible courses) is eminently undesirable; 
trying practical difficulty. 2. Logic. Form of 
argument in which the maintainer of a certain 
proposition is committed to accept one of two 
alternative propositions each of which con- 
tradicts his original contention. The argu- 
ment was called by the Romans a syllogismus 
cornutus, a "horned syllogism," and the vic- 
tim compared to a man certain to be impaled 
on one or other of the horns of an infuriated 
bull, hence the phrase *'the horns of a di- 
lemma." [L. ; from Gr. dilemma; from di-, 
two, and lemma, an assumption; from lam- 
band, take.] 

DILETTANT (dil-et-tanf), n. Same as DDL- 
ETTANTE. 

DILETTANTE (dil-et-tan'ta), n. [pi. DDL- 
ETTANTI (dil-£t-tan'te).] One who admires 
the fine arts, but in a superficial way; dabbler 
in art, science or literature. [It. ; from L. de- 
lecto, delight.] 

DILETTANTEISM (dil-et-tan'ta-izm), n. Super- 
ficial study and affected admiration of the 
fine arts and literature. 

DILETTANTISH (dil-et-tant'ish), a. Character- 
ized by dilettanteism ; superficial; amateurish. 

DILETTANTISM (dil-et-tant'izm), n. Same as 
DILETTANTEISM. 

DILIGENCE (dil'i-jens), n. 1. Steady applica- 
tion; industry. 2. Care; needfulness. [See 
DILIGENT.] 

SYN. Assiduity; attention; heed; careful- 
ness. ANT. Inattention; neglect; idleness. 

DILIGENCE (dil'i-jens or de-le-zhangs), n. Old 
form of French stage coach. It had four 
wheels, two compartments, a deck, and a 
dicky, and was drawn by from four to seven 
horses. [Fr.] 

DILIGENT (dil'i-jent), a. 1. Steady and earnest 
in application; industrious. 2. Careful; as- 
siduous; painstaking. [Fr. ; from L. diligens, 
pr.p. of diligo, esteem; from di, apart, and 
lego, choose.] 

DILIGENTLY (dil'i-jent-li), adv. In a diligent 
manner; carefully; industriously. 

DILL (dil), n. Bot. Umbelliferous annual, the 
Peucedanum graveolens, having aromatic, 
pungent seed and flowers used in medicine, 
and yielding a yellow oil from which dill- 
water, given as a remedy in flatulence and 
gripes of children, is prepared. Also used in 
the manufacture of dill-pickles. [A. S. dile.] 

DILL-PICKLE (dil'pik-1), n. Large cucumber 
preserved in a pickling preparation made from 
the extract and essence of the flowers and 
seed of the dill. 

DILLY-DALLY (dil'i-dal-i), vi. [pr.p. DILLY- 



DALLYING; p.t. and p.p. DILLY-DALLIED 
(dil'i-dal-id).] Loiter or trifle. (Colloq.) 

DILOGY (dilo-ji), n. Rhet. Intentional am- 
biguity. [Gr. dilogia, repetition.] 

DILUENT (dil'u-ent), I. o. Diluting. II. n. 
That which dilutes. 

DILUTE (di-lof or di-lut'), v. [pr.p. DILU'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. DILU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make 
thinner or more liquid. 2. Diminish the 
strength, flavor, etc., of, by mixing, especially 
with water. II. vi. 1. Become thinner or 
more liquid. 2. Act as a diluent. [L. diluo 
(p.p. dilutus), wash away; from di, away, and 
luo, wash.] 

DILUTE (di-lof or di-lut'), a. Diluted. 

DILUTER ( di-lo'ter or di-lu'ter), n. One who 
or that which dilutes. 

DILUTION (di-16'shun or di-lu'shun), n. 1. 
Act of diluting. 2. State of being diluted. 3. 
That which is diluted. 

DILUVIAL (di-lo'vi-al), DILUVIAN (di-16'vi- 
an), a. 1. Pertaining to a flood, especially 
that in the time of Noah. 2. Caused by a 
deluge; composed of diluvium. 

DILUVIAN (di-16'vi-an), a. Same as DILUVIAL. 

DILUVION (di-16'vi-on), n. Same as DILUVIUM. 

DILUVIUM (di-lo'vi-um), n. Geol. 1. Deposit 
of sand, gravel, etc., made by extraordinary 
currents of water. 2. Inundation or flood; 
deluge. [L. diluvium; from diluo, wash away.] 

DIM (dim), a. [comp. DIM'MER; superl. DIM'- 
MEST.] 1. Somewhat dark; dusky. 2. De- 
prived of luster; darkened; dull. 3. Not clearly 
seen; obscure; vague. 4. Not seeing clearly. 
[A.S. dim, dark.] 

DIM (dim), v. [pr.p. DIM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
DIMMED (dimd).] I. vt. Render dim; ob- 
scure the sight of. II. vi. Grow dim or ob- 
scure. 

DIME (dim), n. Silver coin .of the United States, 
of the value of the tenth of a dollar; ten cents. 
[Fr.; from L. decima (pars, a part, being un- 
derstood), tenth part; from decern, ten.] 

DIMENSION (di-men'shun), n. 1. Measure or 
compass of a thing, or length, breadth, and 
thickness or depth (usually in the plural); 
as, the dimensions of a bin, of the brain, etc. 
2. Degree; importance; scope; application; 
as, the affair assumed great dimensions. 3. 
Alg. Degree, as indicated by the number of 
literal factors that enter into a term. 4. Geom. 
Extension in a single line or direction. A 
solid has three dimensions, length, breadth, 
and thickness. — Fourth dimension, an ad- 
ditional dimension attributed to space by a 
hypothetical speculation. [Fr.; from L. di- 
mensio, a measuring.] 

DIMENSIONAL (di-men'shun-al), a. Concern- 
ing dimension; relating to dimensions. 

DIMEROUS (dim'er-us), a. 1. Bot. With two 
members in each whorl. 2. Entom. Having 
two-jointed tarsi. [Gr. di-, double, and meros, 
part.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DI3JIDIATE 



374 



DING 



DIMIDIATE (di-mid'i-at), a. 1. Divided into 
halves. 2. Having a shape that appears as if 
halved. [L. dimidiatus; from dimidio, halve; 
from di (for dis), twice, and medius, middle.] 

DIMIDIATE (di-midi-at), vt. [pr.p. DIMID'IA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DIMIDIATED.] 1. Her. 
Represent the half of. 2. Divide into halves. 

D1MIDIATI0N (di-mid-i-a'shun), n. Act of 
halving. 

DIMINISH (di-min'ish), v. [pr.p. DIMINISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DIMTNISHED (di-min'- 
isht).] I. vt. 1. 3Iake less or smaller; decrease. 
2. Take a part from; subtract. 3. Lower in 
power or position; degrade. 4. Music. Lessen 
by a semitone. II. vi. Grow or appear less; 
decrease; subside. [DI- and MINISH.] 

SYN. Lessen; reduce; contract; curtail; 
retrench. ANT. Increase; enlarge; expand; 
extend; amplify. 

DIMINISHABLE (di-min'ish-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being diminished. 

DIMINISHER (di-min'ish-er), n. One who or 
that which diminishes. 

DIMINISHING LT (di-min'ish-ing-li), adv. In a 
manner tending to diminish or lessen. 

DIMINUENDO (di-min-u-en'do or de-me-no- 
en'do), Music. I. a. Gradually diminishing 
or lessening in volume of sound. II. 
adv. In a gradually diminishing manner, 
a direction to let the voice die away, 
expressed by dim. dimin., or 
the mark here printed. [It.] 

DIMINUTION (dim-i-nus'hun), n. 1. Act of 
diminishing. 2. State of being diminished; 
reduction; degradation. 3. Law. Omission 
in some part of the proceedings, or in a cer- 
tified record. 

DIMINUTIVAL (di-min-u-ti'val), a. Of or per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, a diminutive. 

DIMINUTIVE (di-min'u-tiv), I. a. 1. Of a di- 
minished size; smaller than the average; 
little. 2. Gram. Expressing or signifying 
diminution; diminutival; as a diminutive 
suffix. II. n. 1. Gram. Word formed from 
another word by use of a suffix to express a 
little one of the kind, as leaflet from leaf. The 
diminutive suffixes in English are -ie, -et, -ey, 
-ing, -kin, -let, -ling, -ock, -ule, -y. 2. Any- 
thing very small or of little value. 3. Any 
medicine that tends to diminish or abate. 
[L. diminutivus; from diminutus, p.p. of 
diminuo, diminish.] 

DIMINUTIVELY (di-niin'u-tiv-li ), adv. In a 
diminutive manner. 

DIMINUTIVENESS (dt-min-u-tiv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being diminutive. 

DIMISSORY (dim'i-so-ri), a. 1. Giving leave 
to depart. 2. Sending away to another juris- 
diction. [L. dimissorius; from dimitto, send 
away.] 

DIMIT (di-mit), vt. [pr.p. DIMIT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIMIT'TED.] Send away. [L. dimitto.] 

DIMIT (di-mif), ». Certificate of dismissal from 



one lodge of Freemasons with recommenda- 
tions to another; demit. 

DIMITY (dim'i-ti), n. [pi. DIM'ITIES.] 1. Fine, 
light, corded, white or colored dress goods. 2. 
Stout white cotton cloth, striped or figured 
in the loom by weaving with two threads. 
[Gr. dimitos; from di, twice, and mitos, thread.] 

DI3ILY (dim 'li), adv. 1. Not clearly or plainly; 
obscurely. 2. Not brightly or luminously. 

DIMMISH (dim'ish), a. Somewhat dim. 

DIMNESS (dim'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being dim. 

DIMORPH (di'marf), n. Either of the forms of 
a dimorphous substance. [Gr. di-, two, and 
morphe, form.] 

DIMORPHIC (di-marf'ik), a. Same as DI- 
MORPHOUS. 

DIMORPHISM (di-marf'izm), n. 1. Bot. State 
in which two forms of flower, leaf, etc., are 
produced by the same species of plant. 2. 
Zool. Difference of form between members 
of the same species. 3. Crystallog. Power of 
assuming, or crystallizing in, two distinct 
forms. 

DIMORPHOUS (di-marf'us), a. Assuming two 
distinct forms; characterized by or exhibiting 
dimorphism. 

DIMPLE (dim'pl), n. 1. Small natural depres- 
sion on the body, especially on the cheek or 
chin. 2. Any small depression on a smooth 
surface. [Dim. of DIP, with inserted m.] 

DIMPLE (dim'pl), v. [pr.p. DIM'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DIMPLED ( dim 'pld).] I. vt. Make dimples 
in. II. vi. Form dimples; become dimpled. 

DIMPLED (dim'pld), a. 1. Having dimples or a 
dimple, as a dimpled chin. 2. Marked with, 
or sinking into, slight hollows or depressions, 
as dimpled waters. 

DIMPLY (dim'pli), a. 3Iarked with or full of 
dimples; dimpled. 

DIMYARIAN (dim-i-a'ri-an), a. Zool. Double- 
muscled — applied to bivalves like the clam. 
[Gr. di-, two, and mys, muscle.] 

DIN (din), n. Loud continued clattering noise. 
[A. S. dyn, dyne.] 

DIN (din), v. [pr.p. DIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
DINNED (dind).] I. vt. 1. Assail with noise. 
2. Repeat or impress with noise; obtrude 
noisily. II. vi. Sound with, or as with, a din. 

DINAR (de-nar'), n. Ancient Arab gold coin of 
sixty-fivegrains weight. [L. denarius, denarius.] 

DINE (din), v. [pr.p. DINING; p.t. and p.p. 
DINED (dind).] I. vt. 1. Give a dinner to. 
2. Accommodate at dinner; afford room for 
dining. II. vi. Take dinner. [O. Fr. disner (Ft. 
diner); from L. L. disjejuno; from L. dis, 
away, and jejunus, fast.] 

DINER (di'ner), n. One who dines, or takes 
dinner. 

DINER-OUT (di'ner-owt), n. 1. One who 
habitually dines away from home. 2. One 
who is frequently invited out to dinner. 

DING (ding), v, [pr.p. DING'ING; p.t. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DING 



375 



DIORTHOSIS 



vt. Reiterate to a weari- 
Keep sounding or ring- 




Dingo. 



DINGED (dingd).] I. 
. some degree. II. vi. 
ing. [Imitative.] 

DING (ding), vt. [pr.p. DING'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DINGED (dingd).] 1. Throw, dash, or hurl. 
2. Beat; hit; strike. [Ice. dengya, hang.] 

DING (ding), n. Blow; thump; whack. 

DING-DONG (ding'dang), n. 1. Sound of bells 
ringing. 2. Monotony; sameness. 

DINGEY, DINGHY, DINGY (ding'gi), n. 1. 
East Indian canoe, propelled by paddles and 
one sail. 2. Extra boat of a ship for common 
uses. [Beng. dingi, boat.] 

1<>LNGILY (din'ji-li), adv. In a dingy manner. 

DINGINESS (din'ji-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being dingy. 

DINGLE (ding'gl), n. 1. Little hollow or narrow 
valley. 2. Inclosed weather-porch of a dwel- 
ling. [Variant of DIMPLE.] 

DINGLE-DANGLE (ding'gl-dang-gl), adv. Hang- 
ing loosely; so as to swing backwards and 
forwards. [Duplication of DANGLE.] 

DINGO (ding'go), n. Native 
dog of Australia, the 
Canis dingo, somewhat 
resembling a wolf. [Aus- 
tral.] 

DINGY (din'Ji), a. [comp. 
DINGIER;. super?. DIN- 
GIEST.] Of a dusky, dim, 
or soiled appearance; 
dull ; faded ; dirty ; tarnished, f Ety m. doubtful. ] 

DINIC (din'ik), I. a. Relating to vertigo or 
dizziness. II. n. Remedy for dizziness. [Gr. 
dinos, whirling.] 

DINNER (diner), n. 1. Chief meal of the day. 
2. Banquet; feast. 

DINOSAUR (di'no-sar), n. Paleon. Extinct 
gigantic reptile of the suborder Dinosauria, 
which attained a length of eighty feet. [Gr. 
deinos, terrible, and sauros, lizard.] 

DINOSAURIAN (di-no-sa'ri-an), I. a. Of or 
pertaining to the dinosaurs or Dinosauria. 
II. n. Dinosaur. 

DINOTHERIUM (di-no-the'ri-um), n. [pi. DI- 
NOTHE'RIA.] Paleon. Extinct elephant-like 
mammal of the Miocene strata. [Gr. deinos, 
terrible, and therion, beast.] 

DINT (dint), n. 1. Mark of a blow; dent. 2. 
Force; power — as in the phrase "by dint of." 
[A. S. dynt, blow.] 

DINT (dint), vt. [pr.p. DINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DINTED.] Make a dint in; dent. 

DIOCESAN (di-os'e-san or di'o-se-san), I. a. 
Pertaining to a diocese. II. n. 1. Bishop as 
regards his diocese. 2. One of the clergy in 
the diocese. 

DIOCESE (di'o-ses), n. Eccl. Circuit or extent 
of a bishop's jurisdiction. [Gr. dioihesis; from 
dia, through, and oikeo, dwell; from oikos, 
house.] 

DlOMEDES (di-o-me'dez), n. Greek Myth. 1. A 
Grecian chief in the Trojan war; went with 




Ulysses to steal the Palladium from the temple 
of Minerva at Troy. 2. A king of Thrace; fed 
his horses with human flesh. 

DlONE (di-6'ne), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Oceanus and Tethys, and mother of Aphrodite 
by Zeus. 

DIONYM (di'6-nim), n. Expression or name 
consisting of two terms or words. 

DlONYSUS (dl-o-nl'sus), n. Greek Myth. God 
of wine; son of Zeus and Semele; also called 
by his original surname Bacchus; introduced 
culture of the vine and spent many years 
wandering about the earth. 

DIOPTER, DIOPTRE (di-op'ter), n. Optics. Unit 
of the refracting or focal power of a lens. [Gr. 
diopter, dioptra; from dia, through, and 
opsomai, see.] 

DIOPTRIC (di-op'- 
trik),DIOPTRIC- 
AL (di-op'trik- 
al), I. a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to di- 
optrics. \2. Aid- 
ing the sight by 
refraction, as a 
lens. II. n. Di- 
opter. — Dioptric 
system, in light- 
houses, illumina- 
tion from a cen- 
tral lamp whose 
rays are trans- 
mitted through a 
combination of 
lenses — opposed 
to REFLECTING SYSTEM. 

DIOPTRICAL (di-op'trik-al), 
DIOPTRIC. 

DIOPTRICS (di-op'triks), n. That branch of 
optics that treats of the refraction of light, or 
its transmission from one medium into an- 
other, differing in kind. 

DIORA3IA (di-o-ra'ma or di-o-ra'ma), n. 1. 
Series of pictures, illuminated, and viewed 
through a large aperture from a darkened 
room. 2. Building for a dioramic exhibition. 
[Gr. dia, through, and horama, sight.] 

DIORAMIC (di-o-ram'ik), a. Pertaining to a 
diorama. 

DIOREXINE (dl-o-reks'in), n. High explosive 
akin to dynamite with nitrate of potash as a 
base. 

DIORISM (di'o-rizm), n. Distinction; definition. 
[Gr. diorismos, division; from dia, through, 
and horos, boundary.] 

DIORISTIC (di-o-ris'tik ), a. 
guishing. 

DIORITE (di'o-rit), n. Min 
composed of feldspar and 
dioros, divider.] 

DIORTHOSIS (di-ar-tho'sis), 

tion of a fracture or dislocated bone. 
dia, through, and orthos, straight.] 



Section of dioptric system, 
showing rays passing through 
dioptric lenses 1, 2 and Sin 
parallel lines, assisted by re- 
flections from the dioptric 
spherical minor, 1, 4, 3. 



Same as 



Defining; distin- 

Granite-like rock 
hornblende. [Gr. 



Surg. 



Reduc- 

[Gr. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch lock. 



DIOSPHENOL 



376 



DIPTEROUS 



DIOSPHENOL (di-os'fe-nol), n. South African 
gum camphor clarified. 

DIOXID (di-oks'id), DIOXIDE (di-oks'id), n. 
Oxide containing one equivalent of oxygen 
to two of a metal. [DI- and OXIDE.] 

DIP (dip), v. [pr.p. DIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
DIPPED (dipt) or DIPT.] I. vt. 1. Immerse or 
plunge into any liquid for a moment. 2. Bail 
or take out as with a ladle. 3. Lower and 
raise again, as a flag. II. vi. 1. Plunge into 
a liquid for a short time. 2. Sink; decline. 3. 
Incline downward. 4. Engage slightly in any 
husiness. 5. Peruse here and there at random. 
[A. S. dyppan; from dypan, plunge in; from 
deop, deep.] 

DIP<dip), n. 1. Act of dipping. 2. Candle made 
by dipping a wick into melted tallow, etc. 
3. Inclination downward. 4. Geol. Angle a 
stratum of rock makes with a horizontal plane. 
5. Aviation. Sudden drop followed by a 
climb. 

DIPHASE (di'faz), a. Elcc. Two-phase. [Sec 
PHASE.] 

DIPHTHERIA (dif-the'ri-a), n. Pathol. In- 
fectious throat disease in which the air- 
passages become covered and impeded with 
a leathery membrane, and a dangerous fever 
is present. [Gr. diphthcra, leather.] 

DIPHTHERITIC (dif-the-rit'ik), a. Pertaining 
to, arising from, or of the nature of, diphtheria. 

DIPHTHONG (dif'thong), n. Orthoepy. Union of 
two vowels in one sound, as o and u in out. 
[Gr. diphthongos; from di-, twice, and phthon- 
gos, sound.] 

DIPHTHONGAL (dif-thong'gal), a. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a diphthong. 

DIPLEX (di'pleks), a. Double — applied specifi- 
cally to the simultaneous transmission of two 
messages in the same direction over the same 
wire, as in diplex telegraphy or diplex tele- 
phony. [L. di-, two, and plico, fold.] 

DIPLODOCUS (di-plod'o-kus), n. Saurian- 
footed wading reptile about sixty feet long 
and twelve feet high found in the American 
Jurassin deposits. [Gr. diploos, double, and 
dokos, beam.] 

DIPLOE (dip'16-e), n. Anat. Spongy tissue be- 
tween the hard inner and outer tables of the 
skull. [Gr. diploos, double.] 

DIPLOGENIC (dip-16-jen'ik), o. 1. Producing 
two substances. 2. Partaking of the nature of 
two bodies. [Gr. diploos, double, and gennao, 
produce.] 

DIPLOMA (di-plo'ma), n. Writing conferring 
some honor or privilege, as a university degree. 
[L.; from Gr. diploma, paper folded double; 
from diploos, double.] 

DIPLOMACY (di-plo'ma-si), n. [pi. DIPLO- 
MACIES.] 1. Art of conducting negotiations 
between nations; political skill. 2. Diplo- 
matic corps. 3. Tact or skill in conducting 
negotiations of any kind. [Fr. diplomatic; 
from L. diploma, diploma.] 



DIPL03IAT (dip'16-mat), n. 1. One skilled in 
diplomacy. 2. One engaged in international 
negotiations. 

DIPLOMATIC (dip-16-mat'ik), DIPLOMATIC- 
AL (dip-16-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining t© 
diplomacy. 2. Skillful in negotiation. — 
Diplomatic corps, whole body of foreign diplo- 
mats resident at any court or capital. 

DIPLOMATICALLY (dip-lo-mat'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a diplomatic manner. 

DIPL03IATICS (dip-16-mat'iks), n. Science of 
ancient writings; paleography. 

DIPLOMATIST (di-plo'ma-tist), n. Same as 
DIPLOMAT. 

DIPLOPIA (di-plo'pi-a), n. Double vision. [Gr. 
diploos, double, and ops, opos, sight.] 

DlPNOI (dip'no-i), n.pl. Zool. Order of fish 
exhibiting a distinct transition between these 
fishes and Amphibia; lung fishes. [Gr. <Ji-» 
twice, and pneo, breathe.] 

DIPNOOUS (dip'no-us), a. 1. Having both 
lungs and gills. 2. Pertaining to the Dipnoi. 

DIPOLAR ( di-po'lar ), a. Having two poles, 
as a magnetic bar. 

DIPPER (dip'er), n. 1. One who dips. 2. Im- 
plement for dipping. 3. Water-ousel; any 
quick-diving bird. — The Dipper, group of 
seven bright stars in the constellation Ursa 
Major (Big Dipper), and in the constellation 
Ursa Minor (Little Dipper). 

DIPPING (dip'ing), n. 1. Liquid Into which 
something is dipped. 2. Immersion into a 
liquid. 3. Snuff-chewing habit of "dipping 9 * 
or placing snuff on the inside of the lower 
lip. 

DIPPING-NEEDLE (dip'ing-ne-dl), n. Instru- 
ment that shows the inclination of the mag- 
netic needle to the horizon at any given place. 

DIPSOMANIA (dip-so-ma'ni-a), n. Pathol. 
Morbid craving for alcoholic stimulants. [Gr. 
dipsa, thirst, and mania, mania.] 

DIPSOMANIAC (dip-so-ma'ni-ak), n. One af- 
fected with dipsomania. 

DIPSOSIS (dip-so sis), n. Pathol. Morbid thirst; 
excessive desire of drinking. 

DIPTER (dip'ter), DIPTERAN (dip'ter-an), n. 
Dipterous insect; one of the Diptera. 

DlPTERA (dip'ter-a), n.pl. Entom. Order of 
insects, such as house-flies, gnats, etc., that 
have only two membranous wings developed, 
the hind pair being represented by two small 
knobbed organs called poisers. [Gr. dipteros, 
two-winged; from di-, twice, and ptcron, 
wing.] 

DIPTERAL (dip'ter-al), a. 1. Dipterous. 2. 
Arch. Having a double range of columns all 
round. 

DIPTEROS (dip'ter-os), n. Arch. Building with 
double peristyle or colonnade. 

DIPTEROUS (dip'ter-us), a. 1. Entom. Of, 
pertaining to, or of the nature of, the Diptera. 
2. Dot. Having two wing-like margins, as 
a seed or fruit. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; ine, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA, in Scotch loch. 



DIPTYCH 



377 



DIRTY 



DIPTYCH (dip'tik), n. [pi. DIPTYCHA (dip'ti- 
ka).] 1. Bom. Antiq. Double-folding writing 
tablet. 2. Pair of pictures as folding-tablets. 
3. Eccl. Register of bishops, saints, etc., 
read aloud during the eucharist. [Gr. dipty- 
chos; from di-, twice, and ptyktos, folded; from 
ptysso, fold.] 

DlRE(dir),a. [comp. DIR'ER; superl. DIR'EST.] 
Calamitous in a high degree; dreadful. [L. 
dims, dreadful.] 

DlRCE (der'se), n. Greek Myth. Second wife of 
Lye us and put to death by the sons of Antiope 
for her ill-treatment of their mother. 

DIRECT (di-rekt), a. 1. Quite straight. 2. 
Shortest and most expeditious, as direct route 
or course. 3. Straightforward. 4. In the 
line of descent. 5. Outspoken; plain; express; 
sincere; unambiguous. 6. Assessed or paid 
directly, as a tax on real estate. 7. Astron. Ap- 

k plied to the motion of a planet toward the east, 
or in the same direction that the sun moves 
among the stars. [L. directus, p.p. of dirigo, 
set straight, direct.] 

DIRECT (di-rekt), v. [pr.p. DIRECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIRECT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Keep or lay 
quite straight. 2. Point or aim straightly or 
correctly. 3. Point out the proper course to; 
guide. 4. Give instructions t®; order; com- 
mand. 5. Control; govern; manage. 6. In- 
scribe with an address or direction. II. vi. 
Act as guide, conductor, leader, etc. 

DIRECTION (di-rek'shun), n. 1. Act of aiming 
at a certain point. 2. Line of course in which 
anything moves. 3. Guidance. 4. Command. 
5. Superintendence. 6. Body of persons who 
guide or manage a matter. 7. Name and 
residence of a person; address. 8. Act of 
directing, in any sense. 

DIRECTIONAL (di-rek'shun-al), a. Direc- 
tive. 

DIRECTIVE (di-rekt'iv), a. Having power or 
tendency to direct. 

DIRECTLY (di-rekt'li), adv. 1. In a direct man- 
ner or course. 2. Without intermediary. 3* 
Immediately (in time and otherwise). 

SYN. Straightly; straightway; instantly; 
undeviatingly ; instanter. ANT. Indirectly; 
by-and-by; presently; shortly. 

DIRECTNESS (di-rekt'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being direct. 

DIRECTOIRE (de-rek-twar'), a. Of the time of 
the French Directory — close of the 18th cen- 
tury, as a directoire gown. [Fr.] 

DIRECTOR (di-rekt'fir), n. [fern. DIRECT'- 
RESS.] 1. One who directs; manager; member 
of a governing body or board of directors. 2. 
Part of a machine or instrument which guides 
its motion. 3. Anything that controls, regu- 
lates, or directs by influence. 

DIRECTORATE (di-rekt'ur-at), n. 1. Office 
or position of a director. 2. Body or board 
of directors. 

DIRECTORIAL (di-rek-to'ri-al), a. 1. Pertain- 



ing to or containing directions. 2. Pertaining 
to directors. 

DIRECTORSHIP (di-rekt'ur-ship), n. Same as 
DIRECTORATE. 

DIRECTORY (di-rekt'ur-i), a. Containing di- 
rections; guiding. 

DIRECTORY (di-rekt'ur-i), n. [pi. DIRECT- 
ORIES.] 1. Body of directions. 2. Body of 
directors. 3. Book containing the names and 
residences of the inhabitants of a place. — The 
Directory, Fr. Directoire, executive council 
of the French Republican government of 
1795-99. 

DIRECTRESS (di-rekt'res), n. Woman who 
directs. 

DIREFUL (dlr'fol), a. Calamitous; dreadful; 
fearful. 

D1REFULLY (dir'fol-i), adv. In a direful man- 
ner. 

DIREFULNESS (dir'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being direful. 

DIRGE (derg), n. Song or tune expressive of 
grief or mourning; funeral hymn. [L. dirige, 
direct thou, imper. of dirigo, direct. From the 
first word of a Latin funeral hymn beginning 
with Dirige, Domine, meus, etc.] 

DIRIGENT (dir'i-jent), a. Directing. [L. dir- 
igens, pr.p. of dirigo, direct.] 

DIRIGIBLE (dir'i-ji-bl), I. a. Capable of being 
directed or steered, as a dirigible balloon. II. 
n. 1. Dirigible baloon; airship. 2. Dirigible 
torpedo. 




Dirigible Balloon. 

DIRK(derk), n. Dagger or poinard. [Ir. duirc] 
DIRK-KNIFE (derk'nif), n. [pi. DIRK'- 

KNIVES.] Clasp-knife with a blade like that 

of a dirk. 
DIRT (dert), n. 1. Mud; filth; mire. 2. Refuse; 

trash. 3. Loose Earth. 4. Mining. Earth, 

gravel, etc., put into the cradle to be washed. 

5. Underhand abuse or injury. [Ice.. dirt.] 
DIRTILY (dert'i-li), adv. In a dirty manner. 
DIRTINESS (dert'i-nes), n. StatdTof being dirty; 

foulness; filthiness. 
DIRTY (dert'i), a. [comp. DIRT'IER; superl. 

DIRT'IEST.] 1. Besmirched with dirt; un- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DIRTY 



378 



DISAPPEARANCE 



clean; foul; filthy. 2. Unclean in thought or 
conversation. 3. Despicable; mean, 4. Coarse; 
obscene. 5. Making filthy, foul, or unclean. 
6. Not clear in color; dusky. 7. Stormy; in- 
clement. 

DIRTY (dert'i), vt. [pr.p. DIRT'YING; p.t. and 
p.p. DIRTIED (dert'id).] 1. Soil with dirt; 
make dirty; defile. 2. Sully or tarnish. 

DIS-, prefix. Denotes separation or a parting 
from, and has therefore the force of a privative 
and negative, as in disarm, disagree. Its force 
is sometimes intensive, as in dissever. Latin 
dis- becomes des- in Old French, and de in 
French. This latter form appears in several 
English words, as defeat, defy, etc., and must 
be carefully distinguished from the Latin de-, 
meaning down, from, away. Dis- becomes 
dif-, before /, as in diffuse. See DI-. [L. dis-, 
di-, apart, asunder; from duo, two.] 

DISABILITY (dis-a-bili-ti), n. [pi. DISABILI- 
TIES.] 1. Want of bodily ability, strength, 
or power; impotence; weakness. 2. Want 
o* mental ability; mental incapacity. 3. 
Want of legal qualification; legal incom- 
petency. 

SYN. Inability; incapability; disqualifica- 
tion; incompetence; incompetency. ANT. 
Qualification; fitness; ability; capability; 
competency; qualification. 

DISABLE (dis-a'bl), vt. [pr.p. DISA'BLING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISABLED (dis-abld).] 1. De- 
prive of power or strength, physical or mental; 
incapacitate; cripple; weaken. 2. Law. Dis- 
qualify. 

DISABLEMENT (dis-a'bl-ment), n. Act of dis- 
abling. 

DISABUSE (dis-a-buz'\ vt. [pr.p. DISABU'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISABUSED (dis-a-buzd').] Un- 
deceive; set right. 

DISACCUSTOM (dis-ak-kus'tum), vt. [pr.p. 
DISACCUS'TOMING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- 
ACCUSTOMED (dis-ak-kus'tumd).] Cause a 
custom or habit of to be lost through disuse. 

DISADVANTAGE (dis-ad-van'taj), n. 1. Injury 
suffered; drawback; loss. 2. That which 
prevents or is unfavorable to success. 3. State 
In which one person or thing stands or con- 
trasts unfavorably with another. 

DISADVANTAGE (dis-ad-van'taj), vt. [pr.p. 
DISADVANTAGING; p.t. and p.p. DISAD- 
VANTAGED (dis-ad-van'tajd).] Cause a dis- 
advantage or detriment to; prejudice. 

DISADVANTAGEOUS (dis-ad-van-ta'jus), a. 
Attended with disadvantage; unfavorable. 

DISADVANTAGEOUSLY (dis-ad-van-ta'jus-li), 
adv. In a disadvantageous manner. 

DISADVANTAGEOUSNESS (dis-ad-van-ta'jus- 
nes), n. Quality of being disadvantageous. 

DISAFFECT (dis-af-fekf), vt. [pr.p. DISAF- 
FECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAFFECT'ED.] 1. 
Make discontented or unfriendly; alienate. 
2. Disturb; disorder. 

DISAFFECTED (dis-af-fekt'ed), a. 1. Ill-dis- 



E'- 

').] 



posed; disloyal; unfriendly. 2. Disturbed; 
disordered. 

DISAFFECTION (dis-af-fek'shun), n. 1. State 
of being disaffected. 2. Act of becoming 
disaffected. 

DISAFFIRM (dis-af-ferm'), vt. [pr.p. DISAF- 
FIRMING; p.t. and p.p. DISAFFIRMED 
(dis-af-fermd').] 1. Contradict; deny. 2. Law. 
Reverse, as the decision of a lower court. 

DISAFFIRMANCE (dis-af-ferm'ans), n . Act 
of disaffirming. 

DISAFFIRMATION(dis-af-fer-ma'shun), n. Dis 
affirmance. 

DISAGREE (dis-a-gre'), vi. [pr.p. DISAGREE 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAGREED (dis-a-gred 
1. Differ or be at variance; be unlike. 2. 
Hold opposite or contrary views. 3. Fallout; 
quarrel. 4. Be unsuitable or a source of an- 
noyance. 

DISAGREEABLE (dis-a-gre'a-bl), a. Not agree- 
able; unpleasant; offensive. 

DISAGREEABLENESS (dis-a-gre'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being disagreeable. 

DISAGREEABLY ( dis-a-gre 'a-bli), adv. In a 
disagreeable manner. 

DISAGREEMENT (dis-a-gre'ment), n. 1. Want 
of agreement; difference; dissimilarity. 2. 
Unsuitableness; unfitness. 3. Difference of 
opinions or views. 4. Falling out; quarrel. 

SYN. Contrariety; discrepancy; diversity; 
altercation; dispute; wrangle. ANT. Agree- 
ment; concord; harmony; amity; peace. 

DISALLOW (dis-al-low'), v. [pr.p. DISALLOW- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISALLOWED (dis-al- 
lowd').] I. vt. 1. Refuse to sanction or permit; 
disapprove. 2. Not to allow; reject. II. vi. 
Refuse permission. 

DIS ALLOWABLE (dis-al-low'a-bl), a. Not al- 
lowable. 

DISALLOWANCE (dis-al-low'ans), n. Act of 
disallowing; disapprobation; rejection. 

DISAPPEAR (dis-ap-per'), vi. [pr.p. DISAP- 
PEARING; p.t. and p.p. DISAPPEARED 
(dis-ap-perd').] 1. Vanish from sight. 2. Cease 
to exist. — Disappearing gun, heavy cannon 
equipped so that after firing the gun auto- 
matically recedes below the crest of the forti- 
fication. 




Disappearing Gun. 
DISAPPEARANCE (dis-ap-per'ans), 
disappearing. 



n. Act of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in 'Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, lzh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISAPPOINT 



379 



DISCARD 



DISAPPOINT (dis-ap-poinf), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
APPOINT 'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAPPOINT'ED.] 
1. Defeat expectation of. 2. Frustrate; foil. 
3. Fail or neglect to keep an appointment or 
engagement with. [Fr. desappointer.] 

SYN. Foil; defeat; betray; deceive; 
balk; frustrate; baffle; delude; mortify. 
ANT. Realize; fulfill; gratify; satisfy. 

DISAPPOINTMENT (dis-ap-point'ment), n. 1. 
Defeat or frustration of one's hopes, expec- 
tations, or desires. 2. State of being dis- 
appointed. 3. That which disappoints. 

DISAPPROBATION (dis-ap-pro-ba'shun), n. 
Disapproval; censure, either expressed or 
unexpressed; dislike. 

DISAPPROBATORY (dis-ap'prd-ba-td-ri), a. 
Containing, expressing, or implying disap- 
probation. 

DISAPPROVAL (dis-ap-prov'al), n. Act of dis- 
approving; disapprobation. 

DISAPPROVE ( dis-ap-prov' ), v. [pr.p. DISAP- 
PROVING; pt. and p.p. DISAPPROVED (dls- 
ap-provd').] I. vt. 1. Give an unfavorable 
opinion of; express or feel disapprobation of. 
2 Reject. II. vi. Feel or show disapproba- 
tion or dislike. 

DISAPPROVINGLY (dis-ap-prov'ing-li), adv. 
In a manner expressive of disapproval. 

DISARM (dis-arm'), v. [pr.p. DISARM'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISARMED (dis-armd').] I. vt, 1. 
Deprive of arms; render defenseless. 2. Re- 
duce to a peace footing. 3. Deprive of the 
power to hurt; quiet; calm. II. vi. Reduce 
national armaments to a peace footing; lay 
aside arms. [O. Fr. desarmeri from des- (L. 
effs-), neg., and artner, arm.] 

DISARMAMENT ( dis-arm 'a-ment), n. Act of 
disarming. 

DISARRANGE (dis-ar-ranj'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ARRANGING; p.t. and p.p. DISARRANGED 
(dis-ar-ranjd').] Disturb the order or arrange- 
ment of; put out of order; derange. 

DISARRANGEMENT (dis-ar-ranj 'ment), w. 1. 
Act of disarranging. 2. State of being dis- 
arranged. 

DISARRAY (dis-ar-ra'), v. [pr.p. DISARRAY'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISARRAYED (dis-ar- 
rad').] I. vt. 1. Break the array of. 2. Throw 
Into disorder. 3. Strip of array or dress. II. 
vi. Undress. 

DISARRAY (dis-ar-ra'), n. l. # Want of array 
or order. 2. Undress ; disorder in dress. 

DISARTICULATE (dis-ar-tik'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. 
DISARTICULATING; p.t. and p.p. DISAR- 
TICULATED.] Separate the joints of. 

DISARTICULATION (dis-ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
Act of disarticulating. 

DISASSOCIATE (dis-as-so'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. 
DISASSOCIATING; p.t. and p.p. DISAS- 
SOCIATED.] Disconnect; separate; disso- 
ciate. 

DISASTER (diz-as'ter), n. Adverse or unfor- 
tunate event; calamity. [O. Fr. desastre; from 



des- (L. dis-), away, and astre (L. astrum), 
star.] 

SYN. See CALAMITY. 

DISASTROUS (diz-as'trus), a. 1. Calamitous; 
ruinous. 2. Foreboding disaster. 

DISASTROUSLY (diz-as'trus-li), adv. In a dis- 
astrous manner. 

DISAVOW (dis-a-vow'), vt. [pr.p. DISAVOW- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISAVOWED (dis-a-vowd').] 
Disclaim knowledge of, sanction of, or con- 
nection with; disown; deny. [O. Fr. desavouer; 
from des- (L. dis-), away, and avouer, avow.] 

DISAVOWAL (dis-a-vow'al), a. 1. Act of dis- 
avowing. 2. A denial. 

DISBAND (dis-band'), v. [pr.p. DISBAND'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISBAND'ED.] I. vt. Break up 
and dismiss or disperse, as a regiment or an 
army. II. vi. Break up or disperse; retire 
from military service and disperse, as a regi- 
ment of soldiers. 

DISBANDMENT (dis-band'ment), n. Act of 
disbanding. 

DISBAR (dis-bar'), vt. [pr.p. DISBAR'RING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISBARRED ( dis-bard' ).] Law. 
Deprive of the right to plead as an attorney. 

DISBARMENT (dis-bar 'ment), n. Act of dis- 
barring. 

DISBELIEF (dis-be-lef), n. Want of belief or 
faith; unbelief. 

SYN. See DOUBT. 

DISBELIEVE (dis-be-lev'), v. [pr.p. DISBELIEV- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISBELIEVED (dis-be- 
levd').] I. vt. 1. Refuse belief or credit to. 
2. Deny the truth of, especially religious 
dogmas. II. vi. Refuse to believe in a creed. 

DISBELIEVER (dis-be-lev'er), n. One who dis- 
believes; unbeliever. 

DISBOSCATION (dis-bos-ka'shun), n. Making 
arable land out of timber-covered land. [DIS- 
and BOSCAGE.] 

DISBURDEN (dis-bur'dn), v. [pr.p. DISBUR'- 
DENING; p.t. and p.p. DISBURDENED (dis- 
bur'dnd).] I. vt. 1. Remove a burden from; 
unload. 2. Rid or free from any incumbrance. 
II. vi* Free one's self of a burden; unburden. 

DISBURSABLE (dis-burs'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being disbursed. 

DISBURSE (dis-biirs'), vt. [pr.p. DISBURSING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISBURSED (dis-bfirst').] Pay 
out. [O. Fr. desbourser; from des- (L. dis-), 
apart, and bourse, burse.] 

DISBURSEMENT (dis-bfirs'ment), n. 1. A 
paying out. 2. That which is paid out. 

DISBURSER (dis-burs'er), n. One who dis- 
burses or pays out money. 

DISC (disk), n. Same as DISK. 

DISCAL (disk'al), a. Pertaining to or resembling 
a disk. 

DISCARD (dis-kard'), v. [pr.p. DISCARDING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISCARD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cards. 
Throw out from the hand as not needed or of 
use to the player. 2. Throw off or away; get 
rid of; discharge; reject. II. vi. Throw out 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in bcotch loch. 



DISCARD 



380 



DISCOID AL 



of the hand a card or cards not wanted, 
as in a game of euchre or whist. [DIS- and 
CARD.] 

DISCARD (dis-kard'), n. 1. Act of discarding. 
2. Card or cards thrown out of the hand. 

DISCERN (di-zern'), vt. [pr.p. DISCERN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISCERNED (di-zernd).] 1. 
Distinguish clearly hy the eye or the under- 
standing. 2. Judge or decide between; dis- 
criminate. [L. discerno; from dis-, thoroughly, 
and cernoy perceive.] 

SYN. Descry; observe; recognize; see; 
differentiate; separate; perceive. ANT. 
Overlook; confound; disregard; slight. 

DISCERNER (di-zern'er), n. 1. One who dis- 
cerns. 2. One capable of discriminating or 
judging. 

DISCERNIBLE (di-zern'i-bl), c. Capable of be- 
ing discerned. 

DISCERNIBLY (di-zern'i-bli), adv. In a discern- 
ible manner. 

DISCERNING ( di-zern 'ing), a. 1. Sharpsighted ; 
penetrating; acute. 2. Discriminating. 

DISCERNMENT (di-zern'ment), n. 1. Act of 
discerning. 2. Power or faculty of discrimina- 
ting; judgment; acuteness. 

SYN. Insight; penetration; acumen; 
perspicacity; keenness; sagacity. ANT. 
Dullness; obtuseness; stupidity. 

DISCHARGE (dis-charj'), v. [pr.p. DISCHAR- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. DISCHARGED (dis- 
charjd').] I. vt. 1. Free from a load or charge. 

2. Unload or remove the cargo of. 3. Set free; 
acquit. 4. Dismiss. 5. Fire, as a gun. 6. 
Let out or emit. 7. Perform, as duties. 8. 
Pay, as a debt. 9. Give vent to; utter. 10. 
Annul; abrogate; cancel. II. vi. 1. Unload 
a cargo. 2. Emit or empty out contents. 3. 
Elec. Equalize differences of potential by con- 
necting them by a conductor. [O. Fr. dis- 
charger; from des-, apart, and charger, load.] 

SYN. Liberate; empty; dismiss. ANT. 
Confine; charge; detain. 
DISCHARGE (dis-charj), n. 1. Act or process 
of discharging. 2. That which is discharged. 

3. State of being released or discharged. 4. 
Writing or document certifying to the dis- 
charge or release of a person, as from military 
service, an obligation, etc. 

DISCHARGER (dis-char'jer), w. 1. One who or 
that which discharges. 2. Elec. Device for 
releasing or discharging the residue of stored 
electricity from a storage battery prior to re- 
charging. 

DISCIPLE (dis-si'pl), n. One who follows or be- 
lieves in the doctrine of another. [L. dis- 
cipulus; from disco, learn.] 

DISCIPLESHIP (dis-si'pl-ship), n. State of be- 
ing a disciple. 

DISCIPLINARIAN (dis-i-plin-a'ri-an), n. One 
who enforces strict discipline. 

DISCIPLINARY (dis'i-plin-a-ri), a. Of the 
nature of discipline. 



DISCIPLINE (dis'i-plin), n. 1. Training gen- 
erally. 2. Mode of life in accordance with 
rules. 3. Course of instruction in a special 
branch of knowledge or art. 4. Punishment 
for the sake of correction or training. 5. Sys- 
tematic subjection to authority. 6. Chastise- 
ment, or the instrument of it. 7. Method or 
rules for maintaining order and regularity. 8. 
State of being under complete command. 

9. Eccl. The rules and their enforcement 
binding upon the members of the church. 

10. Self-chastisement for penance, or the 
instrument of it. [L. disciplina; from dis- 
cipulus, disciple.] 

SYN. Education; instruction; training; 
culture; subjection; control; order; govern- 
ment; correction; punishment; chastise- 
ment; drill; exercise. ANT. Disorder; 
mutiny; disorganization. 

DISCIPLINE (dis'i-plin), vt. [pr.p. DISCIPLIN- 
ING; p.*. and p.p. DISCIPLINED (dis'i-plind).] 
1. Bring into a state of discipline; teach; 
train; drill. 2. Correct; chastise; punish; 
3. Keep in subjection; regulate. 4. Enforce 
the discipline or laws of the church against. 

SYN. Drill; train; educate; chastise; 
chasten; punish. ANT. Indulge; humor; 
pamper; spoil. 

DISCIPLINER (dis'i-plin-er), n. One who dis- 
ciplines. 

DISCLAIM (dis-klam'), vt. [pr.p. DISCLAIM- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCLAIMED (dis-klamd').] 
1. Renounce all claim to. 2. Refuse to ac- 
knowledge or be responsible for; disown, 3. 
Law. Relinquish or disavow any claim to, as a 
matter in dispute. [O. Fr. disclaimer; from L. 
dis-, apart, and clamo, cry out.] 

DISCLAI3IER (dis-klam'er), n. 1. One who 
disclaims. 2. Act of disclaiming. 3. Law. 
In equity, a plea put in on the part of a de- 
fendant in which he disclaims all right or 
title to the matter in demand by the plaintiff's 
bill. 

DISCLAMATION (dis-cla-ma'shun), n. Dis- 
avowal. 

DISCLOSE (dis-kloz'), v. [pr.p. DISCLO'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISCLOSED (dis-klozd').] I. vt. 
1. Lay open; bring into view; reveal. 2. 
Make known; publish; tell; divulge. II. vi. 
Unclose; open. [O. Fr. desclos; from L. dis- 
cludo, open; from dis- 9 apart, and claudo, 
close.] 

SYN. Discover; detect; confess. ANT. 
Cover; conceal; suppress. 

DISCLOSER (dis-klo'zer), n. One who discloses. 

DISCLOSURE (dis-klo'zhor), n. 1. Act of dis- 
closing. 2. That which is disclosed. 

DISCOBOLUS (dis-kob'o-lus), n. Discus throw- 
er. [L. — Gr. discobolos.] 

DISCOID (dis'koid), I. a. Having the form of 
a disk. II. n. Disk or discoid object. [Gr. 
dishos, disk, and eidos, form.] 

DISCOIDAL (dis-koidal), a. Discoid. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl. then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DISCOLOR 



381 



DISCORD1A 



DISCOLOR (dis-kul'ur), vt. [pr.p. DISCOL'OR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOLORED (dis-kul'fird).] 
1. Take away color from. 2. Change or 
spoil the natural color of. 3. Alter the ap- 
pearance of; put a different complexion upon. 
4. Stain; dirty; disfigure. [DIS- and COLOR.] 

DISCOLORATION (dis-kul-ur-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of discoloring. 2. State of being dis- 
colored. 

DISC03IFIT (dis-kum'fit), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
COM'FITING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOM'FITED.] 

1. Disconcert; balk. 2. Defeat or rout; van- 
quish. [O. Fr. desconfit, p.p. of desconfire; 
from des- (L. dis-), away, and confire, prepare. ] 

DISCOMFITURE (dis-kum'fit-ur), n. 1. Act of 
discomfiting. 2. State of being discomfited. 

DISCOMFORT (dis-kum'furt), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
COM'FORTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOM- 
FORTED.] Make uncomfortable; cause un- 
easiness to; pain; grieve. [O. Fr. desconforter ; 
from des-, apart, and conforter, comfort.] 

DISCOMFORT (dis-kum'furt), n. State of being 
uncomfortable; uneasiness; disquietude. 

DISCOMMODE (dis-kom-mod'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
COMMONING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOMMODED.] 
Put to inconvenience; incommode. 
SYN. See ANNOY. 

DISCOMPOSE (dis-kom-poz'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
COMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOMPOSED 
(dis-kom-pozd').] 1. Deprive of composure. 

2. Disarrange: disorder. 3. Disturb; agitate. 
DISCOMPOSURE (dis-kom-po'zhur), n. Per- 
turbation of mind; disquiet; agitation; dis- 
order. 

DISCONCERT (dis-kon-serf), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
CONCERTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONCERT'- 
ED.] 1. Put out of countenance; confuse; 
flurry. 2. Deprive of harmony or agreement; 
discompose. [L. dis-, apart, and concerto, 
concert.] 

SYN. Abash; confuse; confound; upset; 
derange; discomfit. ANT. Encourage; rally; 
countenance; aid. 

DISCONCERTION (dis-kon-ser'shun), n. 1. 
Act of disconcerting. 2. State of being dis- 
concerted. 

DISCONFORMABLE (dis-kon-farm'a-bl), a. Not 
conformable. 

DISCONFORMITY(dis-kon-farm'i-ti), n. Want 
of conformity; inconsistency. 

DISCONNECT (dis-kon-nekt), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
CONNECTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONNECT '- 
ED.] Separate or disjoin. 

DISCONNECTED (dis-kon-nekt'ed), a. 1. Sep- 
arated. 2. Loosely united; incoherent. 

DISCONNECTER (dis-kon-nek'ter), n. 1. One 
who or that which disconnects. 2. Mech. 
and Elec. Device for disconnecting machinery 
or electrical apparatus. 

DISCONNECTION (dis-kon-nek'shun), w. 1. 
Act of disconnecting. 2. State of being dis- 
connected. 

DISCONSOLATE (dis-kon'so-lat), a. 1. Without 



consolation or comfort; sorrowful. 2. Not 
affording consolation; comfortless. 

SYN. Sad; forlorn; melancholy; un- 
happy; desolate; woful. ANT. Joyous; 
cheerful; merry; happy; gay; jovial; blithe; 
gladsome. 

DISCONSOLATELY (dis-kon'so-lat-li), adv. In 
a disconsolate manner. 

DISCONSOLATENESS (dis-kon'so-lat-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being disconsolate. 

DISCONTENT (dis-kon-tent'), I. a. Not content; 
dissatisfied; discontented. II. n. Want of 
content; dissatisfaction. 

DISCONTENT ( dis-kon-tent'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
CONTENTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONTENT- 
ED.] Deprive of content; stir up dissatis- 
faction in; cause to be displeased. 

DISCONTENTED (dis-kon-tent'ed), a. Dis- 
satisfied; displeased. 

DISCONTENTEDLY ( dis-kon-tent 'ed-li), adv. 
In a discontented manner. 

DISCONTENTEDNESS (dis-kon-tent'ed-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being discontented. 

DISCONTENTING (dis-kon-tent'ing), o. Not 
contenting or satisfying. 

DISCONTENTMENT (dis-kon-tent'ment), n. 
State of discontent; want of contentment. 

DISCONTINUABLE (dis-kon-tin'u-a-bl), a. That 
can be discontinued. 

DISCONTINUANCE (dis-kon-tin'u-ans), n. 1. 
A breaking off or ceasing; interruption or dis- 
ruption of connection. 2. State of being dis- 
continued. 

DISCONTINUATION (dis-kon-tin-u-a'shun), n. 
Discontinuance; discontinuity. 

DISCONTINUE (dis-kon-tin'u), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
CONTINUING; p.t. and p.p. DISCONTIN- 
UED (dis-kon-tin'ud).] I. vt. 1. Cease to 
continue; put an end to; leave off; stop. 2. 
Break the continuity of; intermit. II. vi, 1. 
Cease. 2. Separate. 
SYN. See CEASE. 

DISCONTINUITY (dis-kon-ti-nu'i-ti), n. Want 
or loss of continuity. 

DISCONTINUOUS (dis-kon-tin'u-us), a. Not 
continuous; disconnected. 

DISCORD (dis'kard), n. 1. Disagreement; strife. 
2. Difference or contrariety of qualities. 3. 
Music. Combination of unharmonious sounds. 
[L. discordia; from dis- neg, and cor, cordis, 
heart.] 

SYN. Disagreement; variance. ANT. 
Harmony; accordance; amity. 

DISCORDANCE (dis-kard'ans), n. State or 
quality of being without concord or agree- 
ment; discord. 

DISCORDANCY (dis-kard'an-si), n. Discord- 
ance. 

DISCORDANT (dis-kard'ant), a. Not in accord; 
inconsistent; contradictory; harsh; jarring. 

DISCORDANTLY (dis-kard'ant-li), adv. In a 
discordant manner. 

DlSCORDIA (dis-kar'di-a), ». Greek Myth. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISCOUNT 



J83 



DISCRETELY 



Daughter of Nox, goddess of discord; driven 
from heaven for causing dissension. 

DISCOUNT (dis'kownt or dis-kownt'), v. [pr.p. 
DISCOUNTING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOUNTED.] 
I. vt. 1. Deduct a percentage from, as from 
a bill or account for prompt payment. 2. 
Lend or advance the amount of, deducting 
the interest or other rate per cent from the 
principal at the time of the advance. 3. Take 
into consideration or estimate before hand; 
anticipate; forestall. II. vi. Lend or make a 
practice of lending money, deducting the in- 
terest at the time of the loan. [O. Fr. des- 
compter; from des-, away, and compter, count.] 

DISCOUNT (dis'kownt), n. 1. Act of discount- 
ing. 2. Rate of discount. 3. Sum deducted 
in discounting. — At a discount. 1. Below par; 
depreciated below the nominal value. 2. 
Out of favor or esteem; unappreciated. 

DISCOUNTABLE (dis-kownt'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being discounted. 

DISCOUNTENANCE (dis-kown'te-nans), vt. [pr. 
p. DISCOUNTENANCING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- 
COUNTENANCED (dis-kown'te-nanst).] Re- 
fuse countenance or support to; discourage; 
disapprove. 

DISCOUNTENANCE (dis-kown'te-nans), n. Cold 
treatment; disapprobation. 

DISCOURAGE (dis-kur'aj), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
COURAGING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOURAGED 
(dis-kur'ajd).] 1. Take away the courage of; 
dishearten. 2. Seek to check by showing 
disfavor to; discountenance; oppose. 

SYN. Deter; dissuade; dispirit. ANT. 
Encourage; embolden; inspirit. 

DISCOURAGEMENT (dis-kur'aj-ment), n. 1. 
Act of discouraging. 2. That which discour- 
ages. 3. Dejection; depression. 

DISCOURAGER (dis-kur'aj-er), n. One who 
discourages. 

DISCOURAGING (dis-kur'aj-ing), a. Tending 
to discourage; disheartening; dispiriting; de- 
pressing. 

DISCOURSE (dis-kors'), n. 1. Speech or lan- 
guage generally; conversation. 2. Treatise; 
dissertation; address; sermon. 3. Logic. 
Ratiocination. [Fr. discourse from L. dis- 
cursus; from dis-, away, and curro, run.] 

DISCOURSE (dis-kors), v. [pr.p. DISCOURS- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOURSED (dis-korst).] 

1. vt. Utter or give forth. II. vi. 1. Talk or 
converse. 2. Treat formally. 3. Deliver a 
discourse. 4. Reason. 

DISCOURSIVE (dis-kors'iv), a. 1. Conversable. 

2. Containing dialogue; conversational. 3. 
Pertaining to reason; discursive. 

DISCOURTEOUS (dis-kiir'te-us), a. Uncivil; 

rude. 
DISCOURTEOUSLY (dis-kur'te-us-li), adv. In 

a discourteous manner. 
DISCOURTEOUSNESS (dis-kiir'te-us-nes), n. 

Want of courtesy; rudeness; incivility. 
DISCOURTESY (dis-kur'te-si), n. [pi. DIS- 



COURTESIES.] Want of courtesy; rudeness; 
incivility; act of rudeness or disrespect. 

DISCOUS (disk'us), a. Disk-shaped; discoid. 

DISCOVER (dis-kuv'er), v. [pr.p. DISCOVER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCOVERED (dis-kuv'- 
erd).] I. vt. 1. Disclose; reveal. 2. Detect. 
3. Gain the first sight of; descry; espy. 4. 
Find out by exploration. 5. Invent. II. vi. 
Reveal one's self. [O. Fr. descouvrir; from 
des-, away, and couvrir, cover.] 
SYN. See DESCRY. 

DISCOVERABLE (dis-kuv'er-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being discovered. 

DISCOVERER (dis-kuv'er-er), n. One who dis- 
covers or makes a discovery. 

DISCOVERT (dis-kuv'ert), a. Law. Not under 
the bonds of matrimony; not covert; un- 
married. 

DISCO VERTURE (dis-kuv'ert-ur), n. Freedom 
of a woman, as unmarried or a widow, from 
the coverture of a husband. 

DISCOVERY (dis-kuv'er-i), n. [pi. DISCOVER- 
IES.] 1. Act of discovering. 2. Thing dis- 
covered. 3. Unraveling or unfolding of the 
plot of a play. 

DISCREDIT (dis-kred'it), vt. [pr.p. DISCREDIT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCREDITED.] 1. Have 
no faith or belief in; disbelieve. 2. Bring into 
disrepute; dishonor. 3. Law. Deprive of 
credibility. 

DISCREDIT (dis-kred'it), n. 1. Act of dis- 
crediting or disbelieving. 2. Lack of credit. 

DISCREDITABLE (dis-kred'it-a-bl), a. Tending 
to Injure credit or reputation; not creditable; 
disgraceful. 

DISCREDITABLY (dis-kred'it-a-bli), adv. In a 
discreditable manner. 

DISCREET (dis-kref), a. Wise in avoiding 
errors; circumspect; prudent; judicious. [L. 
discretus, p.p. of discemo, discern.] 

DISCREETLY (dis-kret'li), adv. In a discreet 
manner; with discretion. 

DISCREETNESS (dis-kref nes), n. Quality of 
being discreet. 

DISCREPANCY (dis-krep'an-si), n. [pi. DIS- 
CREP'ANCIES.] Variance of fact or sentiment; 
contrariety or disagreement. 

DISCREPANT (dis-krep'ant), o. Differing; vary- 
ing; disagreeing; at variance. [L. discrepans, 
pr.p. of discrepo, differ in sound.] 

DISCRETE (dis-kref), a. 1. Distinct or separate 
2. Consisting of distinct parts. 3. Referring 
to distinct parts; opposite of CONCRETE. 
— Discrete proportion, proportion where the 
ratio of two or more pairs of numbers or 
quantities is the same, but there is not the 
same proportion between all the numbers, as 
3:6::8:16. — Discrete quantity, a quantity 
conceived of as made up of units, and dis- 
tinct from a continued or continuous quan- 
tity. [L. discretus, p.p. of discemo, discern.] 

DISCRETELY (dis-kret'li), adv. In a discrete 
manner; disconnectedly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, &h=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISCRETENESS 



383 



DISEASE 



DISCRETENESS (dis-kret'nes), n. Quality of 
being discrete. 

DISCRETION (dis-kresh'un), n. 1. Quality of 
being discreet; prudence; sagacity. 2. Liberty 
to act at pleasure. — To surrender at discre- 
tion, to surrender without stipulation or terms, 
at the mercy of the conqueror. 

DISCRETIONAL (dis-kresh'un-al), a. Dis- 
cretionary. 

DISCRETIONALLY (dis-kresh'un-al-i), DIS- 
CRETION ARILT (dis-kresh'un-a-ri-li), adv. 
At or according to discretion. 

DISCRETIONARY (dis-kresh'un-a-ri), a. Left 
to discretion; unrestricted. 

DISCRETIVE (dis-kre'tiv), a. Disjunctive; 
separating. 

DISCRETIVELY (dis-kre'tiv-li), adv. In a dis- 
cretive manner; to mark or express distinc- 
tion. 

DISCRIMINATE (dis-krim'i-nat), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
CRIMINATING; p.t. and p.p. DISCRIMI- 
NATED.] I. vt. 1. Make a distinction be- 
tween; distinguish. 2. Select from others. 
3. Distinguish by some note or mark. II. vi. 
1. Note the difference between things. 2. 
Make a distinction. [L. discriminates, p.p. 
of discrimino, separate or distinguish.] 

DISCRIMINATE (dis-krim'i-nat), a. Having 
the difference marked; distinctive; distinct. 

DISCRIMINATELY (dis-krim'i-nat-li), adv. 
With minute distinction; distinctly; par- 
ticularly. 

DISCRIMINATENESS (dis-krim'i-nat-nes), n. 
Marked difference; distinction. 

DISCRIMINATING (dis-krim'i-na-ting), a. 1. 
Able to make nice distinctions. 2. Serving to 
discriminate or distinguish. 

DISCRIMINATINGLY (dis-krim'i-na-ting-li ), 
adv. In a discriminating manner; particularly. 

DISCRIMINATION (dis-krim-i-na'shun), n. 1. 
Faculty or power of discriminating. 2. Act 
of discriminating. 3. State of being dis- 
criminated; distinction. 4. Mark of distinc- 
tion. 

SYN. Penetration; sagacity; acuteness; 
nicety; shrewdness; discernment. ANT. 
Indiscriminateness ; confusedness; dullness. 

DISCRIMINATIVE (dis-krim'i-na-tiv), a. 1. 
Serving to distinguish; distinguishing. 2, 
Observing distinctions or differences; dis- 
criminating. 

DISCRIMINATIVELY(dis-krim'i-na-tiv-li),aeZv. 
With discrimination. 

DISCRIMINATOR (dis-krim'i-na-tur), n. One 
who discriminates. 

DISCRIMINATOR Y(dis-krim'i-na-to-ri), a. Dis- 
criminative. 

DISCROWN (dis-krown'), vt. [pr.p. DISCROWN'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISCROWNED (dis- 
krownd').] Deprive of a crown. 

DISCUMRENCY (dis-kum'ben-si), n. Act or 
practice of reclining at meals. [L. discumbens, 
pr.p. of discumbo, lie down.] 




DISCURSION (dis-kiir'shun), n. 1. Desultory 
talk. 2. Act of discoursing or reasoning. 3. 
A running about. 

DISCURSIVE (dis-ktir'siv), a. 1. Rambling; des- 
ultory; unconnected. 2. Reasoning; rational; 
argumentative. [L. discursus, p.p. of discurro, 
run apart; from dis-, away, apart, and curro, 
run.] 

DISCURSIVELY (dis-kur'siv-li), adv. In a dis- 
cursive manner. 

DISCURSIVENESS (dis-kur'siv-nes), n. State 
or quality of being discursive. 

DISCURSORY (dis-kur'so-ri), a. Discursive. 

DISCUS (dis'kus), n. [pi. DISCI (dis'si); E. 
DIS'CUSES.] 1. Quoit. 2. Biol. Disk. [L., 
from Gr. diskos, quoit.] 

DISCUSS (dis-kus'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
CUSS'ING; ^p.t. and p.p. DIS- 
CUSSED (dis-kust').] 1. Argue or 
dispute upon; debate. 2. Test 
by eating or drinking; as, to dis- 
cuss a fowl or a bottle of wine. 
(Colloq.) [L. discussus, p.p. of 
discutio, shake asunder.] 

SYN. See ARGUE, EXAM- Greek Discus 
INE. thrower. 

DISCUSSION (dis-kush'un), n. 1. Act of dis- 
cussing; debate; argument. 2. Surg. Dis- 
persion of a tumor. 

DISCUSSIONAL (dis-kush'un-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to discussion. 

DISCUSSIVE (dis-kus'iv), a. Relating to dis- 
cussion; discussional. 

DISCUSSIVE (dis-kus'iv), I. a. Discutient. II. 
n. A discutient. 

DISCUTIENT (dis-ku'shent), I. a. Med. Dis- 
persing morbid matter. II. n. Medicine hav- 
ing power of dispersing morbid matter. [L. 
discutiens, pr.p. of discutio, scatter.] 

DISDAIN (dis-dan'), v. [pr.p. DISDAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISDAINED (dis-dand').] I. vt. 1. 
Feel contempt or scorn for; despise; contemn. 
2. Reject or refuse as unworthy of one's self. 
II. vi. To be filled or moved with indignation 
or scorn. [O. Fr. desdaign; from L. dis-, away, 
and dignus, worthy.] 

DISDAIN (dis-dan'), n. Feeling of scorn or 
haughty contempt. 

DISDAINFUL (dis-dan'fol), a. Expressing dis- 
dain; contemptuous. 

DISDAINFULLY (dis-dan'fol-i), adv. In a dis- 
dainful manner. 

DISDAINFULNESS (dis-dan'fol-nes), n. Super- 
ciliousness; haughty scorn. 

DISEASE (diz-ez'), n. Any disorder or morbid 
condition in the structure or function of any 
organ belonging to a vegetable, an animal, or 
a spiritual organism, or to any organized 
body, such as a state. [Prefix DIS- and 
EASE.] 

DISEASE (diz-ez'), vt. [pr.p. DISEAS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISEASED (diz-ezd').] Affect with 
disease; derange. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
n=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, bum, 



DISE3IBARK 



384 



DISFIGURER 



DISE3IBARK (dis-em-bark), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
EMBARKING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBARKED 
dis-em-barkt' ).] I. vt. Put ashore from a 
ship; debark. II. vi. Quit a ship; go ashore; 
land. 

DISEMBARKATION (dis-em-bar-ka'shun), n. 
Act of disembarking. 

DISE3IBARRASS ( dis-em-bar'as ), vt. [pr.p, 
DISEMBARRASSING; p.t. and p.p. DISEM- 
BARRASSED (dis-em-bar'ast).] To free from 
embarrassment or perplexity. 

DISEMBARRASSMENT (dis-em-bar'as-ment), 
n. Act of extricating from perplexity. 

DISEMBODIMENT (dis-em-bod'i-ment), n. 1. 
Act of disembodying. 2. State of being dis- 
embodied. 

DISEMBODY (dis-em-bod'i), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
EMBOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBODIED 
(dis-em-bod'id).] 1. Divest or free from a 
body. 2. Disband, as a military body. 

DISE3IBOGUE (dis-em-bog'), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
EMBOGU'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBOGUED 
(dis-em-bogd').] I. vt. Pour out or discharge, 
as a river, by its mouth into the ocean or 
lake. II. vi. Flow out at the mouth, as a 
river. [L. dis, asunder, and embocar, put into 
the mouth.] 

DISEMBOWEL (dis-em-bow'el), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
EMBOWELING; p.t. and p.p. DISEMBOW- 
ELED (dis-em-bow'eld).] 1. Take out the 
bowels of; eviscerate. 2. Tear out the inside 
of anything. 

DISENABLE ( dis-en-a'bl ), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ENABLING; p.t. and p.p. DISENABLED 
(dis-en-a'bld).] Deprive of power, or render 
incompetent; disable. 

DISENCHANT (dis-en-chanf), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- 
CHANTING; p.t. and p.p. DISENCHANT- 
ED.] Free from enchantment, illusion, or 
fascination. 

DISENCHANTMENT (dis-en-chant'ment), n. 
Act of disenchanting, or the state of being' 
disenchanted. 

DISENCUMBER (dis-en-kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. 
DISENCUM'BERING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- 
CUMBERED (dis-em-kum'berd).] Free from 
encumbrance; disburden. 

DISENCU3IBRANCE (dis-en-kum'brans), n. 
Freedom from encumbrance or anything 
burdensome. 

DISENDOW (dis-en-dow'), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- 
DOWING; p.t. and p.p. DISENDOWED (dis- 
en-dowd').] Divest of endowments. 

DISENDOW3IENT (dis-en-dow'ment), n. Act 
of depriving of endowments. 

DISENGAGE (dis-en-gaj'), v. [pr.p. DISEN- 
GA'GING; p.t. and p.p. DISENGAGED (dis- 
en-gajd').] I. vt. Free from what engages; 
extricate. II. vi. Free one's self from en- 
gagement; withdraw. 

DISENGAGE3IENT (dis-en-gaj'ment), n. 1. 
Act or process of disengaging. 2. State of 
being disengaged. 



DISENTANGLE (dis-en-tang'gl), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ENT ANGLING; p.t. and p.p. DISENTAN- 
GLED (dis-en-tang'gld).] 1. Free from en- 
tanglement. 2. Free from impediments or 
difficulties. 

DISENTANGLEMENT (dis-en-tang'gl-ment), n. 
1. Act of disentangling. 2. Freedom from 
entanglement. 

DISENTHRALL (dis-en-thral), DISENTHRALL 
(dis-in-thral'), vt. \pr.p. DISENTHRALLING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISENTHRALLED (dis-en- 
thrald').] Release from thraldom; emancipate. 

DISENTHRALLMENT ( dis-en-thral'ment ), n. 
Act of setting free from thraldom; emancipa- 
tion. 

DISENTOMB (dis-en-tom'), vt. [pr.p. DISEN- 
TOMB 'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISENTOMBED 
(dis-en-tomd').J Take out from a tomb; dis- 
inter. 

DISENTRANCE (dis-en-trans), vt. [pr.p. 
DISENTRAN'CING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- 
TRANCED (dis-en-transt').] To awaken from 
trance; disenchant. 

DISENVIRON (dis-en-vi'run), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ENVI'RONING; p.t. and p.p. DISEN- 
VIRONED (dis-en-vi'rund).] Deprive of en- 
vironment. 

DISEPALOTJS (di-sep'al-us), a. Bot. Having 
two sepals. 

DISESTABLISH (dis-es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ESTABLISHING; p.t. and p.p. DISESTAB- 
LISHED (dis-es-tablisht).] Deprive of being 
established, especially the church by the state. 

DISESTABLISH3IENT (dis-es-tablish-ment), n. 
Act of disestablishing; state of being disestab- 
lished. 

DISESTEEM (dis-es-tem'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ESTEEM'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISESTEEMED 
(dis-es-temd').] Have a lack of esteem for; 
dislike. 

DISESTEEM (dis-es-tem'), n. Want of esteem; 
disregard. 

DISFAVOR (dis-fa'vur), vt. [pr.p. DISFA'VOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFAVORED (dis-fa'- 
vurd).] Withhold favor from; disapprove; 
oppose. 

DISFAVOR (dis-fa'vur), n. Want of favor; dis- 
pleasure; dislike. 

DISFEATURE (dis-fe'tur), vt. [pr f p. DISFEA'- 
TURING; p.t. and p.p. DISFEATURED 
(dis-fe'turd).] Deprive of a feature; deface. 

DISFIGURATION (dis-flg-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act 
of disfiguring; defacement. 2. State of being 
disfigured. 3. That which disfigures. 

DISFIGURE (dis-fig'ur), vt. [pr.p. DISFIG'UR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFIGURED (dis-fig'urd).] 
Impair or spoil the figure or appearance of; 
deface; deform; mar. 

DISFIGUREMENT (dis-fig'ur-ment), n. 1. Act 
of disfiguring. 2. State of being disfigured. 
3. That which disfigures. 

DISFIGURER (dis-fig'ur-er), n. One who dis- 
figures. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
\l=u in bcotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISFOREST 



385 



DISHEVEL 



DISFOREST (dis-for'est), vt. [pr.p. DISFOR- 
ESTING? p.t. and p.p. DISFORESTED.] 1. 
Deprive of the privilege of forest laws. 2. 
Strip of trees. 

DISFRANCHISE (dis-fran'chiz or dis-fran'- 
chiz), vt. [pr.p. DISFRANCHISING; p.t. and 
p.p. DISFRANCHISED (dis-fran'chizd).] De- 
prive of a franchise, especially of the right of 
suffrage. 

DISFRANCHISEMENT (dis-fran'chiz-ment), n. 
Act of disfranchising, or state of being dis- 
franchised. 

DISFROCK (dis-frok), vt. [pr.p. DISFROCK'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISFROCKED (dis- 
frokt').] Deprive of clerical garb; unfrock. 

DISGARRISON (dis-gar'i-sn), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
GAR'RISONING; p.t. and p.p. DISGAR- 
RISONED (dis-gar'i-snd).] Deprive of a gar- 
rison. 

DISGORGE (dis-garj'), v. [pr.p. DISGORGING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISGORGED (dis-garjd').] I. 
vt. 1. Throw out or eject from the throat. 2. 
Yield or give up, as to disgorge ill-gotten gains. 

PII. vi. 1. Vomit. 2. Make restitution. [O. 
Fr. desgorger; from des-, away, and gorge, 
throat.] 

DISGORGEMENT ( dis-garj 'ment), n. Act of 
disgorging. 

DISGRACE (dis-gras'), n. 1. State of being dis- 
graced; condition of dishonor, shame, or 
ignominy. 2. That which causes shame, 
disesteem, or disrepute. 3. State or condition 
of being out of favor. [DIS- and GRACE.] 
SYN. Degradation; disfavor; disesteem; 
obliquy; opprobrium; reproach; discredit; 
disparagement; dishonor; shame; disrepute; 
odium; infamy; ignominy. ANT. Praise; 
repute; fame; renown; glory; distinction; 
eminence. 

DISGRACE (dis-gras'), vt. [pr.p. DISGRA'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISGRACED (dis-grast).] 1. 
Bring disgrace or shame upon. 2. Put out of 
favor. 

DISGRACEFUL (dis-gras'fol), a. Causing dis- 
grace, shame, or reproach; attended by dis- 
I grace; shameful. 

DISGRACEFULLY ( dis-gras fol-i), adv. In a 
disgraceful manner. 

DISGRACEFULNESS (dis-gras'fol-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being disgraceful. 

DISGRACER (dis-gra'ser), n. One who dis- 
graces or causes disgrace. 

DISGRUNTLED (dis-grun'tld), a. Rendered 
sulky; fractious; dissatisfied. (Colloq.) 

DISGUISE (dis-giz'), vt. [pr.p. DISGUISING; 
p.U and p.p. DISGUISED (dis-gizd).] 1. 
Change the guise or appearance of. 2. Con- 
ceal by a dress intended to deceive, or by 
counterfeit manner and appearance. 3. 
Change by drink; intoxicate, as in the phrase 
"disguised in liquor." [O. Fr. desguiser; 
from des- neg., and guise, manner, guise.] 
SYN. Dissemble; hide; mask; cloak; con- 



ceal; dissimulate; vail. ANT. Manifest; 
show; exhibit; expose; vaunt; proclaim; 
avow; unmask; uncover; reveal. 

DISGUISE (dis-giz), n. 1. Dress or part of a 
dress intended to alter the appearance of a 
person so as not to be recognizable. 2. False 
pretense or show; mask; cloak. 3. State of 
being changed or disordered by drink. 

DISGUISEDLY (dis-gi'zed-li), adv. In dis- 
guise; not openly; secretly. 

DISGUST (dis-gusf), n. Strong dislike or 
aversion to what is offensive to the taste, or 
to what is offensive in any respect. [O. Fr. 
desgouster; from L. dis- neg., and gustus, 
tasting.] 

DISGUST (dis-gusf), vt. [pr.p. DISGUST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISGUST'ED.] Excite or cause 
disgust or aversion in; nauseate; offend 
grossly. 

DISGUSTFUL (dis-gust'fol), a. Exciting dis- 
gust; disgusting. 

DISGUSTFULNESS (dis-gust'fol-nes), n. State 
of being disgustful. 

DISGUSTING (dis-gust'ing), a. Offensive to 
the taste; causing aversion or disgust. 

DISGUSTINGLY (dis-gust'ing-li), adv. In a 
manner to excite disgust. 

DISH (dish), n. 1. Concave vessel in which 
food is served at table ; 
plate; platter. 2. Plat- 
ter arranged for serv- 
ing special kinds of 
food as hot-water 
dish, as- 
pa r a g u 
dish. 3. 
Food served 
in a dish; 
any partic- 
ular kind 

of food served. 4. Concavity of form. [A. 
S. disc, from L. discus; Gr. diskos, disk.] 

DISH (dish), v. [pr.p. DISH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DISHED (disht).] I. vt. 1. Put in a dish for 
table. 2. Make dish-form. 3. Frustrate; foil; 
defeat. (Colloq.) II. vi. 
or dish-shaped. 

DISHABILLE (dis-a-beT), n. 
BIULE. 

DISHALLOW (dis-hal'o), vt. 
LOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
(dis-hal'od).] Desecrate. 




Asparagus Dish. 



Become concave 

Same as DESHA- 

[pr.p. DISHAL'- 
DISHALLOWED 



Cloth used for 



DISHCLOTH (dish'klath), 
washing dishes. 

DISHEARTEN (dis-hart'n), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
HEART'ENING; p.t. and p.p. DISHEART- 
ENED (dis-hart'nd).] Deprive of heart, cour- 
age, or spirits; discourage; depress. 

DISHERISON (dis-her'i-zn), n. Act of dis- 
inheriting. 

DISHEVEL (di-shev'el), v. [pr.p. DISHEVEL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISHEVELED (di-shev'eld).] 
I. vt. 1. Spread loosely and carelessly; said 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DISH-FACED 



386 



DISJOINTEDLT 



of the hair. 2. Disarrange; disorder. II. 
vi. Hang loosely and negligently. [O. Fr. 
dischcvcler; from L. dis-, apart, and capillus, 
hair.] 

DISH-FACED (dish'fast), a. Having a round, 
flat face. 

DISHFUL (dish'fol), n. As much as will fill a 
dish. 

DISHONEST (dis-on'est), a. 1. Wanting in- 
tegrity; disposed to cheat; not honest. 2. 
Wanting in good faith; insincere. 3. Acquired 
or gained fraudulently, or hy cheating. 4. 
False; fraudulent. 

DISHONESTLY (dis-on'est-li), adv. In a dis- 
honest or fraudulent manner. 

DISHONESTY (dis-on'est-i), n. Quality of 
being dishonest; fraud; cheating; insincerity. 

DISHONOR (dis-on'ur), n. 1. Want of honor; 
disgrace; reproach; shame. 2. Default made 
in acceptance or payment of commercial 
paper. [DIS- and HONOR.] 
SYN. See DISGRACE. 

DISHONOR (dis-on'ur), vt. [pr.p. DISHONOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISHONORED (dis-on'- 
urd).] 1. Bring shame, reproach, or ignominy 
upon. 2. Treat with indignity or ignominy. 
3. Violate the chastity of; debauch. 4. Make 
default in acceptance or payment of, as a hill 
or note. 

SYN. Disgrace; degrade; humiliate. 
ANT. Honor; exalt; uplift. 

DISHONORABLE (dis-on ur-a-hl), a. 1. Caus- 
ing or tending to cause dishonor; mean; base. 
2. Lacking or undeserving of honor. 3. Hav- 
ing no sense of honor. 

DISHONORABLENESS (dis-on'iir-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality of being dishonorable. 

DISHONORABLY (dis-on'ur-a-bli), adv. In a 
dishonorable manner. 

DISHONORER (dis-on'ur-er), n. One who dis- 
honors. 

DISHONOUR, etc. Common spelling in Eng- 
land for DISHONOR, etc. 

DISH-WATER (dish'wa-ter), n. Water in which 
dishes are washed. 

DISILLUSION (dis-il-lo'zhun), n. 1. A freeing 
from illusion. 2. State of being disillusionized. 

DISILLUSIONIZE (dis-il-lo'zhun-Iz), vt. [pr.p. 
DISILLUSIONIZING; p.U and p.p. DISIL- 
LUSIONIZED (dis-il-lo'zhun-izd).] Free or de- 
liver from illusion; disenchant. 

DISINCLINATION (dis-in-kli-na'shun), n. Want 
of inclination; unwillingness; aversion; dis- 
taste; indisposition. 

DISINCLINE (dis-in-klin'), vt. [pr.p. DISIN- 
CLINING; p.U and p.p. DISINCLINED (dis- 
in-klind').] 1. Turn away inclination from. 
2. Excite the dislike or aversion of. 

DISINCLINED (dis-in-klind'), a. Not inclined; 
averse. 

DISINCORPORATE (dis-in-kar'po-rat), v t. [pr.p. 
DISINCORPORATING; p.U and p.p. DISIN- 
CORPORATED.] Deprive of corporate rights. 



DISINFECT (dis-in-fektO, vt. [pr.p. DISIN- 
FECT 'ING; p.U and p.p. DISINFECT 'ED.] Free 
from infection; purify from infectious germs. 

DISINFECTANT (dis-in-fekt'ant), n. Anything 
that destroys the cause of infection. 

DISINFECTION (dis-in-fek'shun), n. Purifica- 
tion from infecting matter. 

DISINGENUOUS (dis-in-jen'u-us), a. 1. Not 
ingenuous; wanting in frankness or candor. 
2. Mean; underhand; crafty. 

DISINGENUOUSLY (dis-in-jen'u-us-li), adv. 
In a disingenuous manner. 

DISINGENUOUSNESS (dis-in-jen'u-us-nes), n. 
Quality of being disingenuous ; want of candor. 

DISINHERISON (dis-in-her'i-zn), w. Act of 
disinheriting; disherison. 

DISINHERIT (dis-in-her'it), vt. [pr.p. DISIN- 
HERITING; p.U and p.p. DISINHERITED.] 
Deprive of an inheritance. 

DISINHERITANCE (dis-in-her'it-ans), n. 1. 
Act of disinheriting. 2. State of being disin- 
herited. 

DISINTEGRABLE (dis-in'te-gra-bl), o. Capable 
of disintegration. 

DISINTEGRATE (dis-in'te-grat), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
INTEGRATING; p.U and p.p. DISINTE- 
GRATED.] Separate into integrant parts; 
break up. 

DISINTEGRATION (dis-in-te-gra'shun), n. 1. 
Separation of the integrant parts of a sub- 
stance. 2. Geol. The gradual wearing down 
of rocks by the action of frosts, rains, and 
other elemental influences. 

DISINTER (dis-in-ter'), vt. [pr.p. DISINTER'- 
RING; p.t. and p.p. DISINTERRED (dis-in- 
terd').] 1. Take out of a grave; exhume. 2. 
Bring to light, as from obscurity or oblivion. 

DISINTERESTED (dis-in'ter-est-ed), a. 1. Un- 
biased by considerations of self-interest. 3. 
Not dictated by considerations of private ad- 
vantage. 

DISINTERESTEDLY (dis-in'ter-est-ed-Ii), adv. 
In a disinterested manner. 

DISINTERESTEDNESS (dis-in'ter-est-ed-nes), 
n. State or quality of being disinterested. 

DISINTERMENT (dis-in-ter'ment), n. Act of 
disinterring or exhuming. 

DISINTHRALL (dis-in-thral'), vt. Disenthrall. 

DISINTHRALLMENT (dis-in-thral'ment), n. 
Disenthrallment. 

DISJOIN (dis-join'), v. [pr.p. DISJOINING; 
p.U and p.p. DISJOINED (dis-joind').] I. vt. 
Sever the connection of; disunite; part. II. 
vi. Separate; part. 

DISJOINT (dis-joint), vt. [pr.p. DISJOINTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISJOINT'ED.] 1. Put out of 
joint. 2. Separate united parts of. 3. Break 
the natural order or relation of. 4. Make 
incoherent. 

DISJOINTED (dis-joint'ed), a. Disconnected; 
incoherent. 

DISJOINTEDLY (dis-joint'ed-li), adv. In a dis- 
jointed manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DISJOINTEDNESS 



387 



DISOBLIGE 



DISJOINTEDNESS (dis-joint'ed-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being disjointed. 

DISJUNCT (dis-jungkf), a. 1. Not joined; de- 
tached. 2. Entom. Having the head, thorax, 
and abdomen separated by constrictions, as 
certain insects. [L. disjunctus, p.p. of dis- 
jungo, disjoin.] 

DISJUNCTION (dis-jungk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
disjoining; disunion; separation. 2. Logic. 
Disjunctive proposition. 

DISJUNCTIVE (dis-jungkt'iv), I. a. 1. Tending 
to separate; disjoining. 2. Gram. Uniting 
sentences but disjoining the sense, or rather 
marking an adverse sense. II. n. Gram. 
Disjunctive conjunction, or, else, hut, etc. 

DISJUNCTIVELY (dis-jungkt'iv-li), adv. In a 
disjunctive manner. 

DISJUNCTURE (dis-jungk'tur), n. Act of dis- 
uniting, or state of being disunited. 

DISK, DISC ( disk ), n. 1. Any flat, circular 
plate or surface. 2. Discus or quoit. 3. Astron. 
Pace of a celestial body. 4. Biol. Any flat, 
circular growth or structure. [L. discus, 
quoit, plate; from Gr. diskos, quoit.] 

DISLIKE (dis-lik'), vt. [pr.p. DISLIKING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISLIKED (dis-likt').]l. Be displeased 
with; have an aversion to. 2. Regard with 
disinclination. 

DISLIKE (dis-lik'), n. 1. A feeling of repug- 
nance or aversion. 2. Disinclination. 
1 DISLOCATE (dis'16-kat), vt. [pr.p. DIS'LOCA- 
TING;p.*. and p.p. DIS'LOCATED.] 1. Put out 
of joint. 2. Displace. [L. L. dislocatus, p.p. 
of disloco, move from its place; from L. dis-, 
apart, and locus, place.] 

DISLOCATION (dis-16-ka'shuh), n. 1. Dis- 
located joint. 2. Displacement. 

DISLODGE (dis-loj'), vt. [pr.p. DISLODG'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISLODGED (dis-lojd').] 1. 
Drive from a lodgment or place of rest. 2. 
Drive from a place of hiding or of defense. 
[O. Fr. desloger; from L. dis-, apart, and Fr. 
loger, lodge] 
1 DISLODGMENT (dis-loj'ment), n. Act of dis- 
lodging or state of being dislodged. 
1 DISLOYAL (dis-loi'al), a. 1. False to one's 

(sovereign or government; not true to alle- 
giance. 2. Characterized or actuated by dis- 
loyalty. 3. Faithless; treacherous; inconstant. 
SYN. Insurgent; rebellious; unfaithful; 
disobedient; inconstant; untrue. ANT. 
Loyal; obedient; faithful; constant; true. 
DISLOYALLY (dis-loi'al-i), adv. In a disloyal 

manner. 
DISLOYALTY (dis-loi'al-ti), n. State of being 
disloyal; unfaithfulness; treachery; incon- 
stancy. 
DISMAL (diz'mal), a. Causing gloom or de- 
pression; cheerless; doleful. [O. Fr. dismal — 
L. L. decimalis, pertaining to tithes ; from deci- 
ma, tenth, tithe.] 
DISMALLY (diz'mal-i), adv. In a dismal man- 
ner; drearily. 



DISMANTLE (dis-man'tl), vt. [pr.p. DISMAN- 
TLING; p.t. and p.p. DISMANTLED (dis- 
man'tld).] 1. Strip of furniture, apparatus, 
equipments, fortifications, or rigging. 2. Tear, 
break, or pull down, or from its place. [O. 
Fr. desmanteller; from L. dis-, away, apart, 
and Fr. manteler, cover with a cloak.] 
SYN. See DEMOLISH. 

DISMAST (dis-mast), vt. [pr.p. DISMAST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISMAST'ED.] Divest of a mast 
or masts. 

DISMAY (dis-ma'), vt. [pr.p. DISMAY'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISMAYED (dis-mad').] Utterly 
discourage or dishearten; daunt; appall, 
terrify. [L. dis-, away, and O. High Ger; 
tndgan, be able.] 

SYN. Affright; astound; appall; terrify; 
dishearten; dispirit; daunt. ANT. En- 
courage; rally; inspirit; assure. 

DISMAY (dis-ma'), n. Loss of courage and 
strength through fear; consternation. 

DISMEMBER (dis-mem'ber), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
MEMBERING; p.t. and p.p. DISMEMBERED 
(dis-mem'berd).] Separate a member or part 
from the main body of; disjoint. [L. dis-, 
apart, and memhrum, member.] 

DISMEMBERMENT (dis-mem'ber-ment), n. 
Act of dismembering, or state of being dis- 
membered. 

DISMEMBRATOR (dis-mem'bra-tiir), n. Ap- 
paratus used in flour mills to remove chaff 
and bran from flour. 

DISMISS (dis-mis'), vt. [pr.p. DISMISSING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISMISSED (dis-mist').] 1. Dis- 
charge or remove from office or employment. 
2. Send away. 3. Permit to depart. 4. Put 
aside; get rid of. 5. Law. Discharge from 
further consideration; discontinue. [L. dis-, 
away, and missus, p.p. of mitto, send.] 

DISMISSAL (dis-mis'al), n. Act of dismissing, or 
state of being dismissed. 

DISMISSION (dis-mish'un), n. Dismissal. 

DISMISSIVE (dis-mis'iv), a. Dismissory. 

DISMISSORY (dis-mis'o-ri), a. Containing a 
dismissal; sending away; dismissing. 

DISMOUNT (dis-mownt), v. [pr.p. DISMOUNT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISMOUNTED.] I. vi. 
Alight or get off, as a rider from his horse. 
II. vt. 1. Cause to alight; unhorse. 2. Throw 
down or remove from its support. 3. Take 
down or to pieces. [DIS- and MOUNT.] 

DISOBEDIENCE (dis-o-be'di-ens), n. 1. Re- 
fusal or neglect to obey; violation of orders. 
2. Noncompliance. 

DISOBEDIENT (dis-o-be'di-ent), a. Refusing 
or neglecting to obey; refractory. 

DISOBEDIENTLY (dis-o-be'di-ent-li), adv. In 
a disobedient, refractory manner. 

DISOBEY (dis-o-ba'), v. [pr.p. [DISOBEY'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISOBEYED (dis-o-bad ).] I. vt. 
Neglect or refuse to obey. II. vi. Be diso- 
bedient. [DIS- and OBEY.] 

DISOBLIGE (dis-o-blij'), vt. [pr.p. DISOBLI'- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



DISOBLIGING 



388 



DISPENSATION 



GING; p.t. and p.p. DISOBLIGED (dis-o- 
blijd').] Be unaccommodating to. 

DISOBLIGING (dis-o-bli'jing), a. Not obliging 
or accommodating; churlish; ungracious. 

DISOBLIGINGLY (dis-o-bli'jing-li), adv. In a 
disobliging manner. 

D1S03IATOUS (di-so'ma-tus), a. Possessed of 
two bodies. [Gr. disomatos.] 

DISORDER (dis-ar'der), n. 1. Want of order; 
confusion; irregularity. 2. Disturbance; 
tumult. 3. Derangement of the bodily or 
mental functions; disease; illness; malady. 
4. Neglect or contempt for laws or institutions. 

SYN. Anarchy; confusion; disturbance; 
irregularity. ANT. Order; regularity. 

DISORDER (dis-ar'der), vt. [pr.p. DISORDER'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISORDERED (dis-ar'- 
derd).] 1. Throw out of order; disarrange. 
2. Disturb the functions of; derange. 

DISORDERLINESS (dis-ar'der-li-nes), n. State 
of being disorderly. 

DISORDERLY (dis-ar'der-li), a. 1. In a state of 
disorder or confusion. 2. Turbulent; tumul- 
tuous. 3. Disturbing good order; breaking the 
peace. 4. Carried on against order or mor- 
ality. 5. Not under restraint; unruly; wild. 

DISORDERLY (dis-ar'der-li), adv. 1. Without 
order, rule, or system. 2. In a manner op- 
posed to or violating law and good order. 

DISORGANIZATION (dis-ar-gan-i-za'shun), n. 
Act of disorganizing, or state of being dis- 
organized. 

DISORGANIZE (dis-ar'gan-iz), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
ORGANIZING; p.t. and p.p. DISORGAN- 
IZED (dis-ar'gan-izd).] 1. Break or destroy 
the organic structure or functions of. 2. 
Interrupt or destroy the harmonious action of; 
demoralize. 

DISORGANIZER (dis-ar'gan-i-zer), n. One 
who disorganizes, or introduces disorder or 
confusion. 

DISOWN (dis-on'), vt. [pr. p. DISOWN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISOWNED (dis-ond').] 1. Refuse 
to acknowledge as one's own. 2. Not to ad- 
mit; deny; disavow. 

SYN. Alienate; disclaim; disallow. ANT. 
Acknowledge; avow. 

DISPARAGE (dis-par'aj), vt. [pr.p. DISPAR'A- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. DISPARAGED (dis-par'- 
ajd).] 1. To lower in estimation or value; 
undervalue. 2. Injure by comparison with 
anything of less value. 3. Asperse; traduce. 
[O. Fr. desparager; from des- priv., and par- 
age, equality of birth; from L. par, equal.] 

SYN. Depreciate; decry; underestimate. 
See DECRY. ANT. Extol; laud; panegyrize; 
overestimate; exaggerate. 

DISPARAGEMENT (dis-par'aj-ment), n. 1. Act 
of disparaging; depreciation; detraction. 2. 
Reproach; disgrace. 

DISPARAGER (dis-par'a-jer), n. One who dis- 
parages. 

DISPARATE (dis'pa-rat), a. Unlike; dissimilar; 



discordant. [L. disparatus, p.p. of disparo, 
separate.] 

DISPARITY (dis-par'i-ti), n. [pi. DISPARI- 
TIES.] State of being disparate; difference; 
dissimilitude; inequality; unlikeness; dis- 
proportion; dissimilarity. 
SYN. See DIFFERENCE. 

DISPARK (dis-park), vt. [pr.p. DISPARK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPARKED (dis-parkt').] 1. 
Divest of the character of a park. 2. Re- 
lease from inclosure. 

DISPART (dis-parf), n. The difference between 
the muzzle and breech thickness of a piece of 
ordnance. — Dispart sight, a gun-sight, to 
allow for the dispart, and bring the line of 
sight and the axis of the piece into parallelism. 
[DIS- and PART.] 

DISPART (dis-parf), vt. [pr.p. DISPART'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPART'ED.] 1. Make allow- 
ance for the dispart of in taking aim. 2. 
Divide, separate, or break into parts. 

DISPASSION (dis-pash'un), n. Freedom from 
passion; apathy. 

DISPASSIONATE (dis-pash'un-at), a. Free from 
passion; cool; composed. 

DISPASSIONATELY (dis-pash'un-at-li), adv. In 
a dispassionate manner. 

DISPATCH (dis-pach), DISPATCHER (dis- 
pach'er), etc. Same as DESPATCH, DES- 
PATCHER, etc. 

DISPAUPER (dis-pa'per), vt. [pr.p. DISPAU- 
PERING; p.t. and p.p. DISPAUPERED (dis- 
pa'perd).] Deprive of public support or aid as 
a pauper. 

DISPAUPERIZE (dis-pa'per-Iz), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
PAU'PERIZING; p.t. and p.p. DISPAUPER- 
IZED (dis-pa'per-izd).] To free from pauper- 
ism or from paupers. 

DISPEL (dis-pel'), vt. [pr.p. DISPEL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISPELLED (dis-peld').] Drive or 
clear away; disperse; dissipate. [L. dispello; 
from dis-, away, and pello, drive.] 

DISPENSABLE (dis-pen'sa-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being dispensed with. 2. Capable of being 
dispensed or administered. 

DISPENSABLENESS (dis-pen'sa-bl-nes), n. 
Quality of being dispensable. 

DISPENSARY (dis-pen'sa-ri), n. [pi. DISPEN'- 
SARIES.] 1. Laboratory where medicines 
are prepared. 2. Institution in which medi- 
cines are dispensed, especially to the poor, 
gratis. 

DISPENSATION (dis-pen-sa'shun), n. 1. Act 
of dispensing; dealing out; distributing. 2. 
Scheme; plan; economy. 3. Theol, The 
dealing of God with his creatures; God's man- 
ner of dealing with man in grace at different 
stages in the work of redemption. 4. Eccl. 
Law. The exemption of any person from the 
necessity of obeying or complying with any 
law or canon. 5. The license or permission 
given dispensing with any law, or canon, or 
other obligation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rait; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DISPENSATIYE 



339 



DISPOSAL 



DISPENSATIVE (dis-pen'sa-tiv), a. Granting 
dispensation; dispensatory. 

DISPENSATORY (dis-pen'sa-to-ri), n. [pi. 
DISPEN'SATORIES.] Book in which the 
various kinds of drugs, etc., used in pharmacy 
are described; pharmacopoeia. 

DISPENSATORY (dis-pen'sa-to-ri), a. 1. Grant- 
ing dispensations. 2. Granted by dispensation. 

DISPENSE (dis-pens'), v. [pr.p. DISPENSING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPENSED' (dis-penst').] I. vt. 

1. Deal out in portions; administer. 2. Grant 
a dispensation to; exempt. II. vi. Grant dis- 
pensation. — Dispense with. 1. Do without. 

2. Suspend the operation of. 3. Excuse from, 
as an oath or an obligation. [L. dispenso, 
freq. of dispendo; from dis-, apart, and pendo, 
weigh.] 

DISPENSER (dis-pen'ser), n. One who dis- 
penses. 

DISPEOPLE (dis-pe'pl), vt. [pr.p. DISPEO- 
PLING; p.t. and p.p. DISPEOPLED (dis-pe- 
pld). Depopulate. 

DISPERMOUS (di-sper'mus), a. Bot. Two- 
seeded. [Gr. di-, twofold, and sperma, seed.] 

DISPERSAL (dis-per'sal), n. Dispersion. 

DISPERSE (dis-pers'), v. [pr.p. DISPERSING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPERSED (dis-perst').] I. vt. 
1. Drive in different directions; scatter. 2. 
Cause to vanish; dissipate. 3. Spread abroad; 
diffuse. 4. Opt. Separate into its component 
colors, said of light. II. vi. 1. Separate or 
scatter in different directions. 2. Become 
dissipated; break up; vanish. [L. dispersus, 
p.p. of dispergo, scatter abroad; from dis-, 
apart, and spargo, scatter. 1 

DISPERSEDLY (dis-pers'ed-li), adv. In a dis- 
persed manner; here and there; occasionally. 

DISPERSEDNESS (dis-pers'ed-nes), n. State 
of being dispersed or scattered. 

DISPERSER ( dis-pers 'er), n. 1. One who dis- 
perses. 2. Elec. Device for distributing the 
current in wireless telegraphy. 

DISPERSION (dis-per'shun), n. Act of dispers- 
ing, or state of being dispersed. 

DISPERSIVE ( dis-pers 'iv), a. Tending to dis- 
perse. 

DISPERSIVENESS (dis-pers'iv-nes), n. Quality 
of being dispersive. 

DISPIRIT (dis-pir'it), vt. [pr.p. DISPIR'ITING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPIR'ITED.] Deprive of spirit 
or courage; dishearten; deject. 

DISPIRITED (dis-pir'it-ed), a. 1. Discouraged; 
dejected. 2. Spiritless; tame. 

DISPIRITEDLY (dis-pir'it-ed-li), adv. In a dis- 
pirited manner; dejectedly. 

DISPLACE (dis-plas), vt. [pr.p. DISPLACING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPLACED (dis-plast).] 1. Put 
out of its usual or proper place; misplace; 
mislay. 2. Take the place of; supplant; super- 
sede. 3. Remove from office, position or 
employment. 

DISPLACEABLE (dis-plas'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being displaced; removable. 



DISPLACEMENT (dis-plas'ment), n. 1. Act of 
displacing, or state of being displaced. 2. 
Quantity of water displaced by a floating 
body, as of a ship, which is equal to the weight 
of the vessel and that of her lading. 3. Chem. 
Method of extracting soluble principles from 
organic matter. 4. Astron. Apparent change 
of position, as of a star. 

DISPLANT (dis-plantO, vt. [pr.p. DISPLANT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISPLANT'ED.] 1. Remove 
or displace. 2. Depopulate. 

DISPLANTATION (dis-plan-ta'shun), n. Act 
of displanting. 

DISPLAY (dis-pla'), v. [pr.p. DISPLAYING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPLAYED (dis-plad).] I. vt. 
1. Spread before the view; exhibit. 2. Make 
an ostentatious exhibition of; parade. 3. 
Print. Give special prominence to, as by 
large type. 4. Mil. Extend the front of, as 
a column of troops. II. vi. Make a display. 
[O. Fr. desploier; from L. dis-, apart, and 
plico, fold.] 

SYN. Show; exhibit; unfold; evidence; 
evince; flaunt; expose; vaunt. ANT. Hide; 
conceal; dissemble; suppress. 

DISPLAY (dis-pla'), n. 1. Act of spreading 
open or unfolding. 2. Act of exhibiting 
publicly. 3. An ostentatious show or exhibi- 
tion. 

DISPLAYED (dis-plad'), a. 1. Printed in con- 
spicuous letters. 2. Her. Erect with wings 
expanded. 

DISPLAYER (dis-pla'er), n. One who or that 
which displays. 

DISPLEASE (dis-plez'), v. [pr.p. DISPLEAS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISPLEASED (dis-plezd).] 
I. vt. Offend; vex; annoy; provoke, n. vi. 
Cause displeasure. [O. Fr. desplaiser; from 
L. displiceo; dis- neg., and placeo, please.] 

DISPLEASING (dis-plez'ing), a. 1. Distasteful; 
causing displeasure. 2. Giving offense. 

DISPLEASINGLY (dis-plez'ing-li), adv. In a 
displeasing manner. 

DISPLEASURE (dis-plezh'ur), n. 1. The feeling 
of one who is displeased. 2. That which dis- 
pleases; cause of vexation. 3. State of dis- 
favor. 

DISPLU3IE (dis-plom'), vt. [pr.p. DISPLU'- 
MING; p.t. and p.p. DISPLUMED(dis-plomd').] 
Strip of plumes or feathers, or of badges of 
honor. 

DISPORT (dis-porf), v. [pr.p. DISPORT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISPORT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Amuse; 
divert. 2. Remove from a port. II. vi. Move 
in gaiety; romp; play. [O. Fr. desporter; from 
L. deporto; de, away, and porto, carry.] 

DISPORT (dis-porf), n. Diversion; pastime; 
play; sport. 

DISPOSABLE (dis-po'za-bl), a. Subject to dis- 
posal. 

DISPOSAL (dis-po'zal), n. 1. Act of disposing 
or arranging, or state or manner of being 
disposed or arranged. 2. Act, right, or power 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
a=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DISPOSE 



390 



DISQUIETER 



of bestowing, selling, or disposing of in any 
way. 3. Control; discretion. 

DISPOSE (dis-poz), v. [pr.p. DISPO'SING; p.t, 
and p.p. DISPOSED (dis-pozd').] I. vt. 1. 
Set in order; arrange; distribute. 2. Devote 
to a particular purpose. 3. Give a propensity 
or inclination to; incline. II. vi. Settle or 
determine a matter. — Dispose of . 1. Alienate; 
bestow; sell; utilize; get rid of. 2. Determine 
what course shall be pursued concerning. 
SYN. See ARRANGE, INCLINE. 

DISPOSED (dis-pozd), a. 1. Arranged; set 
in order. 2. Inclined; minded. 

DISPOSER (dis-po'zer), n. 1. One who dis- 
poses or orders. 2. That which disposes or 
inclines. 

DISPOSITION (dis-po-zish'un), n. 1. Act of 
disposing or state of being disposed. 2. Man- 
ner in which things or the parts of a complex 
body are arranged ; arrangement. 3. Natural 
fitness or tendency. 4. Temper or frame of 
mind; temperament. 5. Arch. Arrangement 
of the whole design of a building. 6. Painting. 
Arrangement of the parts of a picture in regard 
to its general effect. [L. disposition an arran- 
ging; from dispositus, p.p. of dispono, ar- 
range.] 

SYN. Arrangement; classification; group- 
ing; disposal; distribution; adjustment; 
order; method; adaptation; management; 
regulation; control; ordering; proneness; 
aptness; inclination; tendency; bent; pro- 
pensity; bias; humor; temper; habit; frame; 
constitution; character. 

DISPOSSESS (dis-poz-zes'), vt. [pr.p. DISPOS- 
SESSING; p.t. and p.p. DISPOSSESSED 
(dis-poz-zest').] Put out of possession; oust* 

DISPOSSESSION (dis-poz-zesh'un), n. Act of 
dispossessing, or state of being dispossessed. 

DISPOSSESSOR (dis-poz-zes'iir), n. One who 
dispossesses. 

DISPRAISE (dis-praz')j n. Blame; censure; 
reproach. 

DISPROOF (dis-prof), n. Confutation; refuta- 
tion. 

DISPROPORTION (dis-pro-por'shun), n. 1. 
Want of proportion of one thing or part to 
another; want of symmetry; want of proper 
quantity, according to rules prescribed. 2« 
Want of suitableness or adequacy. 

DISPROPORTION (dis-pro-por'shun), vt. [pr.p* 
DISPROPOR'TIONING; p.t. and p.p. DIS- 
PROPORTIONED (pro-p6r'shund).] Make out 
of proportion, or of unsuitable proportions. 

DISPROPORTION ABLE (dis-pro-por'shun-a- 
bl), a. Out of proportion; disproportional. 

DISPROPORTIONAL (dis-pro-por'shun-al), a. 
Wanting due proportion to something else 
or to other parts. 

DISPROPORTIONALLY(dis-pro-por'shun-al-i), 
adv. With want of proportion. 

DISPROPORTIONATE (dis-pro-por'shun-at), a. 
Out of proportion. 



DISPROPORTIONATELY (dis-pro-pdr'shun-at- 
li), adv. In a disproportionate manner or 
degree. 

DISPROPORTIONATENESS (dis-pro-por'shun- 
at-nes), n. State of being disproportionate. 

DISPROPORTIONED (dis-pro-por'shund), a. 
Out of proportion. 

DISPROVABLE (dis-prov'a-bl), a. Capable of 
disproof. 

DISPROVAL (dis-prov'al), n. Act of disprov- 
ing; disproof. 

DISPROVE (dis-prov'), vt. [pr.p. DISPROVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISPROVED (dis-provd').] Prove 
wrong or false; confute; refute. 

DISPROVER (dis-prov'er), n. One who dis- 
proves. 

DISPUTABLE (dis'pu-ta-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing disputed; controvertible. 

DISPUTABLENESS (dis'pu-ta-bl-nes), n. State 
of being disputable. 

DISPUTANT (dis'pu-tant), I. a. Engaged in 
disputation ; disputing. II. n. One who dis- 
putes. 

DISPUTATION (dis-pu-ta'shun), n. Act of dis- 
puting; argumentation. 

DISPUTATIOUS (dis-pu-ta'shus), a. 1. In- 
clined to dispute. 2. Pertaining to dispute. 

DISPUTATIOUSLY (dis-pu-ta'shus-li), adv. In 
a disputatious manner. 

DISPUTATIOUSNESS (dis-pu-ta'shus-nes), ». 
Quality of being disputatious. 

DISPUTATIVE (dis-pu'ta-tiv), a. Given to dis- 
putation; disputatious. 

DISPUTE (dis-puf), v. [pr.p. DISPU'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISPU'TED.] I. vt. 1. Contend about 
in argument; discuss; debate. 2. Controvert 
or question. 3. Contend or strive for. II. vi. 

1. Contend in argument. 2. Strive against a 
competitor; compete. [O. Fr. disputer; from 
L. disputo; dis-, apart, and puto, reckon.] 

SYN. See CONTEND. 
DISPUTE (dis-puf), w. 1. Contest by argu- 
ments; contention in words; controversy. 

2. Falling out or quarrel. 
SYN. See CONTENTION. 

DISPUTER (dis-pu'ter), n. One who disputes. 

DISQUALIFICATION (dis-kwol-i-fl-ka'shun), n. 
1. Act of disqualifying. 2. That which dis- 
qualifies. 

DISQUALIFY (dis-kwol'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
QUALIFYING; p.t. and p.p. DISQUALIFIED 
(dis-kwol'i-fid).] 1. Deprive of the qualifi- 
cations necessary for any purpose. 2. De- 
prive of legal capacity, power or right; inca- 
pacitate. 

DISQUIET (dis-kwi'et), n. State of uneasiness, 
restlessness, or anxiety; disquietude. 

DISQUIET (dis-kwi'et), vt. [pr.p. DISQUI'ET- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISQUI'ETED.] Make 
uneasy, restless, or anxious; disturb; fret; 
vex. 

DISQUIETER (dis-kwi'et-er), n. One who 
causes disquiet. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=i* in 'Scotch guile; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



DIS QUIETNESS 



391 



DISSEMINATA VE 



DISQUIETNESS (dis-kwi'et-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being disquieted; disquietude. 

DISQUIETUDE (dis-kwi'e-tud), n. State of dis- 
quiet; uneasiness; anxiety. 

DISQUISITION (dis-kwi-zish'un), n. Formal 
and systematic inquiry into or discussion 
upon any subject. [L. disquisitio; from dis-, 
away, and qucero, seek.] 

DISQUISITIVE (dis-kwiz'i-tiv), a. Pertaining 
to disquisition; closely examining; inquisitive. 

DISREGARD (dis-re-gard'), n. Want or omis- 
sion of regard; neglect; slight, 

DISREGARD (dis-re-gard), vt. [pr.p. DISRE- 
GARDING; p.t. and p.p. DISREGARDED.] 
Pay no attention to; neglect; ignore; slight. 

DISREGARDFUL ( dis-re-gard 'fol), a. Without 
any regard; heedless. 

DISREGARDFULLY (dis-re-gard'fol-i), adv. 
Heedlessly. 

DISRELISH (dis-rel'ish), n. 1. Distaste or dis- 
like with some degree of disgust; dislike. 2. 
Bad or unpleasant taste. 

DISRELISH (dis-rel'ish), vt. [pr.p. DISREL'ISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISRELISHED (dis-rel'- 
isht).] 1. Dislike the taste of. 2. Feel some 
disgust at. 3. Make nauseous or disgusting. 

DISREPAIR (dis-re-par'), n. State of being out 
of repair. 

DISREPUTABLE (dis-rep'u-ta-bl), a. 1. Not 
reputable; of bad repute. 2. Disgraceful; 
discreditable; low; mean. 

SYN. Dishonorable; shameful; ignomini- 
ous. ANT. Reputable; respectable; credit- 
able; honorable; estimable. 

DISREPUTABLY ( dis-rep'u-ta-bli), adv. In a 
disreputable manner. 

DISREPUTE (dis-re-puf), n. Lack or loss of 
reputation or good name; discredit; disgrace. 

DISRESPECT (dis-re-spekf), n. 1. Want of 
respect; disesteem. 2. An act of incivility or 
discourtesy. 

DISRESPECTFUL (dis-re-spekt'fol), a. Want- 
ing in respect; showing disrespect; uncivil; 
rude. 

DISRESPECTFULLY (dis-re-spekt'fol-i), adv. 
In a disrespectful manner. 

DISRESPECTFULNESS ( dis-re-spekt'fol-nes ), 
n. Quality of being disrespectful. 

DISROBE (dis-rob'), v. [pr.p. DISROBING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISROBED (dis-robd).] I. vt. Strip 
of a robe or dress. II. vi. Undress; strip. 

DISROOT (dis-rof), vt. [pr.p. DISROOT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISROOT'ED.] Tear up by the 
roots; uproot. 

DISRUPT (dis-rupf), vt. [pr.p. DISRUPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISRUPT'ED.] Tear or rend 
asunder; break up. [L. dis-, apart, and rumpo, 
ruptum, break.] 

DISRUPTION (dis-rup'shun), n. 1. Act of 
breaking asunder. 2. State of being broken 
or torn asunder. 

DISRUPTIVE (dis-rupt'iv), a. Causing or tend- 
ing to cause disruption. 



DISSATISFACTION (dis-sat-is-fak'shun), n. 
State of being dissatisfied. 

SYN. Discontent; disapprobation; dis- 
pleasure; dislike. ANT. Content; content- 
ment; approbation; satisfaction. 

DISSATISFACTORY (dis-sat-is-fak'to-ri), a. 
Failing to give satisfaction; unsatisfactory. 

DISSATISFY (dis-sat'is-fi), vt. [pr.p. DISSAT- 
ISFYING; p.t. and p.p. DISSATISFIED (dis- 
sat'is-fid).] 1. Fail to satisfy. 2. Make dis- 
contented; displease. 

DISSECT (dis-sekf), vt. [pr.p. DISSECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSECTED.] 1. Cut into parts 
for the purpose of minute examination. 2. 
Cut up or into pieces; disjoint; carve. 3. 
Analyze and criticise (often hostilely, as a 
man's character or motives). [L. disseco 
(p.p. dissectus); from dis-, apart, and seco, 
sectum, cut.] 

DISSECTIBLE (dis-sekt'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being dissected. 

DISSECTING (dis-sekt'ing), a. Used in dissec- 
tion, as a dissecting knife. 

DISSECTION (dis-sek'shun), n. 1. Act of dis- 
secting. 2. That which is dissected. 

DISSECTOR (dis-sekt'ur), n. One who dissects. 

DISSEIZE (dis-sez'), vt. [pr.p. DISSEIZTNG; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSEIZED (dis-sezd').] 1. De- 
prive of seizin or possession of an estate or 
freehold. 2. Dispossess wrongfully. [O. Fr. 
disseisir; from L. dis- neg., and Fr. seisir, 
seize.] 

DISSEIZEE (dis-se-ze'), n. One who is dis- 
seized. 

DISSEIZIN (dis-se'zin), n. Unlawful disposses- 
sion of lands, tenements, or incorporeal 
hereditaments. 

DISSEIZOR (dis-se'zur), n. One who disseizes. 

DISSEMBLE (dis-sem'bl), v. [pr.p. DISSEM'- 
BLING; p.t. and p.p. DISSEMBLED (dis- 
sem'bld).] I. vt. 1. Conceal under a 
false appearance. 2. Make a false show of; 
feign. II. vi. Make a false appearance; 
dissimulate. [Fr. dissembler; from L. dis- 
simulo; dis- neg., and simulis, like.] 
SYN. See DISGUISE. 

DISSEMBLER (dis-sem'bler), n. One who dis- 
sembles. 

DISSEMINATE (dis-sem'i-nat), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
SEMINATING; pt. and p.p. DISSEM'INA- 
TED.] I. vt. 1. Scatter abroad; dispense. 2. 
Sow, as seed. 3. Circulate; publish. II. vi. 
Be diffused; spread. [L. dissemino (p.p. dis- 
seminata), scatter seed; from dis-, away, 
and semino, sow; from semen, seed.] 

SYN. Spread; diffuse; propagate; scatter; 
circulate. ANT. Suppress; repress; stifle; 
extirpate. 

DISSEMINATION (dis-sem-i-na'shun), n. Act 
of disseminating, or state of being dissemi- 
nated. 

DISSEMINATIVE (dis-sem'i-na-tiv), a. Tend- 
ing to disseminate or become disseminated. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISSEMINATOR 



392 



DISSOLUTELY 



DISSEMINATOR (dis-seni'i-na-tur), n. One who 
disseminates. 

DISSENSION (dis-sen'shun), n. Disagreement 
in opinion, leading to contention and strife; 
discord; strife. 

DISSENT (dis-senf), vi. [pr.p. DISSENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSENTED.] 1. Differ or dis- 
agree in opinion. 2. Differ on points of doc- 
trine, etc., from an established church. [L. 
dissentio; from dis-, apart, and sentio, feel, 
think.] 

DISSENT (dis-senf), n. 1. Difference of opinion. 

2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 

3. A differing or separation from an estab- 
lished church, particularly the Church of 
England. 

DISSENTER (dis-sent'er), n. 1. One who dis- 
sents. 2. One who dissents from an estab- 
lished church, particularly the Church of 
England; non-conformist. 

DISSENTIENT (dis-sen'shent), I. a. Dissenting. 
II. n. Dissenter. 

DISSENTIOUS (dis-sen'shus), a. Disposed to 
discord; contentious. 

DISSENTIOUSLY (dis-sen'shus-li), adv. In a 
dissentious manner. 

DISSEPIMENT (dis-sep'i-ment), n. Bot. A par- 
tition in compound ovaries formed by the 
union of the sides of their carpels. [L. dis-, 
away, and sepimentum, a partition; from 
sepio, hedge in, fence.] 

DISSERTATION (dis-er-ta'shun), n. Discourse 
on any subject; disquisition; treatise; essay. 
[L. dissertatio; from disserto, freq. of dissero, 
discuss; from dis-, apart, and ero, put in a row.] 

DISSERVE (dis-serv), vt. [pr.p. DISSERVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSERVED (dis-servd').] Do 
disservice to, or serve badly. 

DISSERVICE (dis-serv'is), n. Detriment; an ill 
turn. 

DISSERVICEARLE (dis-serv'is-a-bl), a. Det- 
rimental. 

DISSEVER (dis-sev'er), v. [pr.p. DISSEVER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISSEVERED (dis-sev'- 
erd).] I. vt. Divide into parts; disjoin; sep- 
arate; sever. II. vi. Separate; part. 

DISSEVERANCE (dis-sev'er-ans), n. Separa- 
tion. 

DISSIDENCE (dis'i-dens), n. Disagreement; 
discord; dissent. 

DISSIDENT (dis'i-dent), a. Disagreeing; dis- 
cordant; dissenting. [L. disidens, pr.p. of 
disideo, sit apart; dis-, apart, and sedeo, sit.] 

DISSILIENCE (dis-sil'i-ens), n. Act of leaping 
or starting asunder. [ L. dissiliens, pr.p. of 
dissilio, leap apart; from dis-, away, and 
salio, leap.] 

DISSILIENT (dis-sil'i-ent), a. Starting or burst- 
ing asunder or open. 

DISSIMILAR (dis-sim'i-lar), a. Unlike; hetero- 
geneous. 

DISSI3IILARITY (dis-sim-i-lar'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being dissimilar; unlikeness. 



DISSIMILARLY (dis-sim'i-lar-li), adv. In a dis- 
similar manner. 

DISSIMILE (dis-sim'i-le ), n. Comparison or 
illustration by contraries. [Prefix DIS- and 
SIMILE.] 

DISSIMILITUDE (dis-si-mil'i-tud), n. 1. Un- 
likeness; dissimilarity. 2. Bhet. Dissimile. 

DISSIMULATE (dis-sim'u-lat), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
SIMULATING; p.t. and p.p. DISSIMU- 
LATED.] I. vt. Conceal by feigning. II. vi. 
Dissemble. [L. dissimulo (p.p. dissimulatus) ; 
from dis- neg., and sit7iilis, like.] 

DISSIMULATION (dis-sim-u-la'shun), n. Act 
of dissembling; false pretension; deceit; 
hypocrisy.* 

DISSIMULATOR (dis-sim'u-la-tur), n. A dis- 
sembler. 

DISSIPATE (dis'i-pat), v. [pr.p. DIS'SEPATING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSIPATED.] I. vt. 1. Scatter 
or disperse. 2. Squander; waste. II. vi. 1. 
Be dispersed and disappear. 2. Indulge waste- 
fully in dissipation; be dissolute. [L. dissipo 
(p.p. dissipatus) ; from dis-, away, and supo, 
throw.] 

DISSIPATED (dis'i-pa-ted), a. Dissolute; espe- 
cially, addicted to drinking. 

DISSIPATION (dis-i-pashun), n. 1. Act or 
process of dissipating; dispersion. 2. State 
of being dispersed. 3. Scattered attention. 
4. Dissolute course of life; especially, hard 
drinking. 

DISSIPATIVE (disi-pa-tiv), a. Tending to 
dissipate or disperse. 

DISSOCIABLE (dis-sd'shi-a-bl), a. 1. Not well 
associated; incongruous. 2. Not sociable. 
3. Capable of being dissociated. 

DISSOCIAL (dis-so'shal), a. Unsuited for so- 
ciety; unsociable. 

DISSOCIATE (dis-so'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
SOCIATING; p.t. and p.p. DISSO'CIATED.] 

1. Separate; disunite. 2. Chem. Decompose 
by dissociation. [L. dissocio (p.p. dissociatus) ; 
from dis-, apart, and socio, unite.] 

DISSOCIATION (dis-so-shi-ashun), n. 1. Act 

of disuniting, or state of being disunited. 2. 

Chem. Decomposition by heat or mechanical 

means merely. 
DISSOLUBILITY (dis-so-lu-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 

of being dissoluble. 
DISSOLUBLE (dis'o-lu-bl) ; Chem. (dis-solu-bl), 

a. 1. Capable of being separated into parts. 

2. Dissolvable. 

DISSOLUBLENESS (dis-sol'u-bl-nes), n. Quality 
of being dissoluble, or dissolvable. 

DISSOLUTE (dis'o-lot), a. Loose in behavior 
and morals; given to vice and dissipation. 
[L. dissolutus, p.p. of dissolvo, loosen, dis- 
solve.] 

STN. Abandoned; profligate; loose; licen- 
tious; wanton. ANT. Upright; strict; vir- 
tuous. 

DISSOLUTELY (dis'o-lot-li), adv. In a dissolute 
manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= ch in Scotch lock. 



DISSOLUTENESS 



393 



DISTEMPER 



DISSOLUTENESS (dis'o-lot-nes), n. Dissolute 
conduct or manners; dissipation. 

DISSOLUTION (dis-o-16'shun), n. 1. Act of dis- 
solving. 2. State of being dissolved. 3. Lique- 
faction. 4. Disintegration. 5. Decomposi- 
tion. 6. A breaking up, as of an assembly, 
a partnership, etc. 7. Death. 

DISSOLVABLE (diz-zolv'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being dissolved. 

DISSOLVE (diz-zolv'), v. [pr.p. DISSOLVING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISSOLVED (diz-zolvd).] I. vt. 
1. Melt; liquefy. 2. Break up, as an assem- 
bly. 3. Put an end to; annul; abrogate. 4. 
Destroy or break union between, 5. Relax. 
6. Cause to disappear; dissipate. 7. Clear up; 
resolve. II. vi. 1. Melt. 2. Waste away. 
3. Crumble. 4. Decompose. 5. Break up; 
disperse. 6. Fade away; disappear. [L. 
dissolvo, loosen; from dis-, away, and solvo, 
loosen.] 

DISSOLVENT (diz-zolv'ent), I. a. Having 
power to dissolve. II. n. Anything which 
has the power of dissolving; solvent. 

DISSOLVER (diz-zolv'er), n. One who or that 
which dissolves. 

DISSONANCE (dis'o-nans), n. 1. Discordant 
combination of sounds. 2. Want of accord or 
harmony; disagreement; discord. 

DISSONANT (dis'o-nant), a. 1. Jarring on the 
ear; discordant; harsh; inharmonious. 2. 
Not in accord; disagreeing; discordant; in- 
. congruous. [L. dissonans, pr.p. of dissono, 
differ in sound; from dis-, apart, and sono, 
sound.] 

DISSUADE (dis-swad'), vt. [pr.p. DISSUA'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. DISSUA'DED.] 1. Advise 
or seek to persuade against something. 2. 
Turn from any purpose by argument or en- 
treaties. [L. dissuadeo; from dis- 9 away, and 
suadeo, persuade.] 

DISSUADER (dis-swa'der), n. One who dis- 
suades. 

DISSUASION (dis-swa'zhun), n. 1. Act of dis- 
suading. 2. Advice against a thing. 

DISSUASIVE (dis-swa'ziv), I. a. Tending to 
dissuade. II. n. That which tends to dissuade. 

DISSUASIVELY (dis-swa'ziv-li), adv. In a dis- 
suasive manner; so as to dissuade. 

DISSYLLABIC (dis-sil-lab'ik), a. Con- 
sisting of two syllables only. 

DISSYLLABLE (dis-sil'a-bl or dis'sil-a- 
bl), n. Word of two syllables. [Gr. 
disyllabos.] 

DISTAFF (dis'taf), n. [pi. DISTAFFS 
or (rarely) DISTAVES (dis'tavz).] 
Staff to which the flax, tow, or wool 
is fastened, and from which the 
thread is drawn in spinning with the 
hand or the spinning-wheel. [A. S. 
distcef.] 

DISTAIN (dis-tan'), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
TAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. DISTAINED 
(dis-tand').] Discolor. [L. dis-, and tingo, tinge.] 




Distaff. 



DISTAL (distal), a. Biol. Farthest removed 
from the point of attachment or insertion. 
[Formed on the analogy of CENTRAL, from 
DISTANCE.] 

DISTALLY (dis'tal-i), adv. At the extremity; 
toward the distal or extreme end. 

DISTANCE (dis'tans), n. 1. Space or interval 
between. 2. Quality of being distant. 3. 
Remoteness in space, time, succession, rela- 
tion or descent. 4. Reserve in manner; cold- 
ness. 5. Horse-racing. Space measured back 
from the winning-post, which a horse, in heat 
races, must reach when the winner has cov- 
ered the whole course, in order to run in the 
final heat. [L. distantia; from distans, pr.p. 
of disto, be apart or distant.] 

DISTANCE (dis'tans), vt. [pr.p. DISTANCING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTANCED (dis'tanst).] 1. 
Leave behind in a race, especially by the in- 
terval between the distance-post and the win- 
ning-post. 2. Outstrip; excel; outdo. 3. Put 
or situate at a distance. 

DISTANT (dis'tant), a. 1. Separated by an in- 
tervening space of any extent. 2. Remote 
in place, or in time, or in the line of succes- 
sion, or in natural connection or consan- 
guinity, or in nature. 3. Not obvious or plain; 
indirect. 4. Faint; slight. 5. Reserved; 
cool. [L. distans, pr.p. of disto, stand apart; 
from dis-, apart, and sto, stand.] 

SYN. Far; remote; aloof; apart; asun- 
der. ANT. Close; near; adjacent; contigu- 
ous. 

DISTANTLY (dis'tant-li), adv. 1. Remotely. 
2. At a distance. 3. With reserve. 

DISTASTE (dis-tast), n. Aversion of the taste; 
dislike; disrelish. 

DISTASTEFUL (dis-tast'fol), a. 1. Unpleasant 
to the taste. 2. Offensive; displeasing. 3. 
Indicating distaste. 

SYN. Disagreeable; nauseous; unpala- 
table; repulsive; repellent; offensive; dis- 
gusting; loathsome. ANT. Agreeable; de- 
lightful; palatable; grateful; delicious; lus- 
cious; sweet. 

DISTASTEFULLY (dis-tast'fol-i), adv. In a dis- 
tasteful manner. 

DISTASTEFULNESS (dis-tast'fol-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being distasteful. 

DISTEMONOUS (di-stem'6-nus), a. Bot. Pos- 
sessed of two stamens. 

DISTEMPER (dis-tem'per), vt. [pr.p. DIS- 
TEMPERING; p.t. and p.p. DISTEMPERED 
(dis-tem'perd).] 1. Derange the functions of 
the body or mind of. 2. Deprive of temper 
or modulation. 3. Make disaffected or ill- 
humored. [L. dis-, apart, and tempero, gov- 
ern.] 

DISTE3IPER (dis-tem'per), n. 1. Morbid or 
deranged state of body or mind. 2. Disease 
or malady, especially of animals; specifically, 
a typhoid inflammation of the mucous mem- 
branes of young dogs. 3. Iir-humor. 4. Paint- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mTte, mit; not<\ not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/itm, kn=cA iu Scotch lock. 



_ 



DISTEND 



394 



DISTRACTEDLY 



ing, in which the colors are mixed in watery 
glue, and laid on a dry surface. 

SYN. Disorder; disease; ailment. See 
DISEASE. ANT. Health; vigor. 

DISTEND (dis-tend'), v. [pr.p. DISTEND'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Stretch 
in all directions; inflate. 2. Stretch apart; 
spread. II. vi. Become distended or inflated; 
swell. [L. distendo; from dis-, apart, and 
tendo, stretch.] 

DISTENSIBILITT (dis-ten-si-hil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or capacity of heing distensible. 

DISTENSIBLE (dis-ten'si-bl), a. Capable of 
being distended. 

DISTENSION (dis-ten'shun), n. Same as DIS- 
TENTION. 

DISTENTION (dis-ten'shun), n. Act of distend- 
ing, or state of being distended. 

DISTICH (dis'tik), n. Pros. Couple of lines 
making complete sense; couplet. [Gr. dis- 
tichos; from di-, twice, and stichos, row, line.] 

DISTICHOUS (dis'tik-us), a. Bot. Disposed in 
two rows. 

DISTILL, DISTIL (dis-til'), v. [pr.p. DISTILL'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISTILLED (dis-tild').] I. 
vt. 1. Let fall or cause to fall in drops. 2. Con- 
vert, as a liquid into vapor by heat, and then 
condense again. 3. Extract the spirit or es- 
sential oil from by a process of evaporation 
and condensation. 4. Purify by distillation. 
II. vi. 1. Fall in drops or flow gently. 2. 
Practice distillation; use a still. [L. distillo; 
from de-, down, and stillo, drop.] 

DISTILLABLE (dis-til'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
being distilled. 2. Fit for distillation. 

DISTILLATE (dis-til'at), n. Product of distilla- 
tion found in the receiver of the distilling ap- 
paratus. 

DISTILLATION (dis-til-la'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of distilling. 2. Product of distilling. 

DISTILLER (dis-til'er), n. 1. One who distills. 

2. Condenser of a distilling apparatus. 
DISTILLERY (dis-til'er-i), n. [pi. DISTIL'LER- 

IES.] Place where distilling is carried on, 
especially of alcoholic liquors. 

DISTILLING (dis-til 'ing), n. Act or process of 
extracting spirit by dis- 
tillation. 

DISTINCT (dis-tingkf), 
a. 1. Definitely sepa- 
rated; separate. 2. Dif- 
ferent in nature or kind. 

3. Well-defined; clear; 
plain. 4. Characterized by clear vision; not 
confused; not obscure. [L. distinctus, p.p. of 
distinyoy distinguish.] 

DISTINCTION (dis-tingk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
distinguishing or discriminating between. 2, 
Mark or note of difference. 3. Elevation in 
rank or character; eminence; superiority. 

4. Regard to differences, as of rank or char- 
acter. 5. Honor; credit; renown. 6. Honor- 
able treatment. 




Distilling Apparatus. 



DISTINCTIVE (dis-tingkt'iv), a. 1. Marking or 
expressing distinction or difference. 2. Dis- 
tinguished; separate; distinct. 

DISTINCTIVELY (dis-tingkt'iv-li), adv. 1. With 
proper distinction or difference. 2. Without 
confusion; plainly; clearly; explicitly. 

DISTINCTIVENESS (dis-tingkt'iv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being distinctive. 

DISTINCTLY (dis-tingkt'li), adv. In a distinct 
manner; plainly; clearly. 

DISTINCTNESS (dis-tingkt'nes), n. Quality of 
being distinct. 

DISTINGUISH (dis-ting'gwish), v. [pr.p, DIS- 
TINGUISHING; p.t. and p.p, DISTIN- 
GUISHED (dis-ting'gwisht) .] I. vt. 1. Indicate 
difference in by some external mark. 2. Recog- 
nize by characteristic marks. 3. Separate by 
any mark or quality which constitutes differ- 
ence. 4. Discern critically. 5. Separate from 
others by some mark of honor or preference. 
6. Make eminent or known; gain distinction 
for. II. vi. Make a distinction; discriminate. 
[L. distinguo, separate.] 
SYN. See DISCERN. 

DISTINGUISHABLE (dis-ting'gwish-a-bl), a. 
Capable of being distinguished. 

DISTINGUISHABLENESS (dis-ting'gwish-a-bl- 
nes) , n. Quality or state of being distinguishable. 

DISTINGUISHABLY (dis-ting'gwish-a-bli), adv. 
So as to be distinguished. 

DISTINGUISHED (dis-ting'gwisht), a. Sepa- 
rated from others by being superior or ex- 
traordinary in some respect; eminent. 
SYN. See FAMOUS. 

DISTINGUISHER (dis-ting'gwish-er), n. One 
who distinguishes. 

DISTINGUISHING (dis-ting'gwish-ing), a. 1. 
Constituting a difference or distinction; char- 
acteristic; peculiar. 2. Marking difference 
or distinction; distinctive. 

DISTORT (dis-tart), vt. [pr.p. DISTORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTORT'ED.] 1. Force out of 
the natural or regular shape or direction. 2. 
Turn aside from the true meaning; pervert. 
[L. distorqueo (p.p. distortus), twist aside; from 
dis-, away, and torqueo, twist.] 

SYN. Pervert; twist; garble; falsify. 
ANT. Rectify; correct; quote. 

DISTORTION (dis-tar'shun), n. 1. Act of dis- 
torting, or state of being distorted. 2. 
Wryness; perversion. 

DISTRACT (dis-trakf), vt. [pr.p. DISTRACT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISTRACT'ED.] 1. Divert 
or turn aside, as the attention, from one thing 
to another. 2. Perplex; confuse; harass. 
3. Derange; craze. [L. distraho (p.p. dis- 
tractus), draw apart; from dis-, apart, and 
traho, draw.] 

DISTRACTED (dis-trakt'ed), a. 1. Perplexed; 
confounded; harassed. 2. Driven mad or 
deranged. 

DISTRACTEDLY (dis-trakt'ed-li), adv. Like 
one distracted; frantically. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in 'Scotch (jade; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



D ISTR ACTEDNESS 



395 



DISTURB 



DISTRACTEDNESS (dis-trakt'ed-nes), n. Dis- 
traction. 

DISTRACTION (dis-trak'shun), n. 1. Mental 
diversion. 2. Mental confusion; perplexity. 

3. Mental aberration; frenzy; madness. 4. 
Extreme agitation, due to bodily or mental 
distress. 5. A drawing apart; dispersion. 6. 
Anything that distracts; an interruption; a 
diversion. 

SYN. Inattention; absence; insanity. 
ANT. Attention; composure; saneness. 

DISTR ACTIVE (dis-trakt'iv), a. Causing dis- 
traction; distracting. 

DISTRAIN (dis-tran'), v. [pr.p. DISTRAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTRAINED (dis-trand').] Law. 
I. vt. Seize for debt, or for indemnification for 
damage or wrong done. II. vi. Levy a dis- 
tress. [O. Fr. destraindre; from L. distringo, 
pull apart; dis-, apart, and stringo, draw 
tight.] 

DISTRAINER (dis-tran'er), DISTRAINOR (dis- 
tran 'iir), n. One who distrains. 

DISTRAINT (dis-tranf), n. Act of distraining. 

DISTRAIT (dis-tra'), a. Absent-minded; ab- 
stracted. [Fr.] 

DISTRAUGHT (dis-traf), a. Perplexed; dis- 
tracted. [Variant of DISTRACTED.] 

DISTRESS (dis-tres'), vt. [pr.p. DISTRESSING ; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTRESSED (dis-trest').] 1. 
Cause pain, anxiety, or agony to; grieve 
greatly; afflict; harass; pain. 2. Constrain 
by pain or suffering. 3. Law. Distrain; seize 
for debt. [O. Fr. destresse; from L. distringo 
(p.p. districtus), pull apart.] 

SYN. Harass; trouble; pain; grieve; 
annoy. ANT. Soothe; compose; please; 
console; comfort. 

DISTRESS (dis-tres'), n. 1. Anguish of body 
or mind. 2. State of misery or want; destitu- 
tion. 3. State of danger or need of assistance. 

4. Law. (1) Act of distraining. (2) That 
which is taken by distraint. 

SYN. Affliction; grief; agony; pain; 
misery; hardship. ANT. Consolation; re- 
lief; pleasure. 

DISTRESSFUL (dis-tres'fol), a. 1. Causing 
distress. 2. Indicating distress. 

DISTRESSFULLY (dis-tres'fol-i), adv. In a dis- 
tressful manner. 

DISTRESSINGLY (dis-tres'ing-li), adv. In a 
distressing or painful manner. 

DISTRIBUTABLE (dis-trib'u-ta-bl), a. Capable 
of being distributed. 

DISTRIBUTARY (dis-trib'u-ta-ri), a. That dis- 
tributes or is distributed. 

DISTRIBUTE (dis-trib'ut), v. [pr.p. DIS- 
TRIBUTING; p.t. and p.p. DISTRIBUTED.] 

1. vt. 1. Divide among a number; deal out 
and bestow in portions; dispense; administer. 

2. Separate and arrange; classify. 3. Spread 
out; scatter. 4. Logic. Use in its fullest ex- 
tent, said of a logical term. II. vi. 1. Make 
a distribution. 2. Print. Separate and return 



the types from the column to their proper 
case-boxes. [L. distribuo (p.p. distributus) ; 
from dis-, away, and tribuo, allot.] 

SYN. Apportion; allot; share; circulate. 
ANT. Reserve; retain; withhold. 

DISTRIBUTER (dis-trib'ti-ter), n. One who or 
that which distributes. 

DISTRIBUTION (dis-tri-bu'shun), n. 1. Act of 
distributing. 2. State or manner of being 
distributed. 3. Arch. The dividing and dis- 
posing of the several parts of a building accord- 
ing to some plan or to the rules of art. 4. 
Print. The separation of the types in a form 
and placing each letter in its proper box. 

SYN. Apportionment; dispensation; al- 
lotment; disposal; disposition; arrange- 
ment. ANT. Reservation; appropriation. 

DISTRIBUTIVE (dis-trib'u-tiv), I. a. 1. That 
distributes, or divides and assigns in portions. 
2. Expressing or denoting distribution. II. 
n. Gram. Word expressive of or denoting 
distribution; distributive pronoun, as each, 
either, neither. 

DISTRIBUTI VEL Y ( dis-trib 'u-ti v-li) , adv. By dis- 
tribution; not collectively; one by one; singly. 

DISTRICT (dis'trikt), n. 1. Portion of territory 
defined for political, judicial, educational, or 
other purposes, as a congressional district, 
judicial district, school district, etc. 2. A 
limited extent of country. 3. Region or tract 
of any kind. [L. districtus, p.p. of distringo, 
pull apart, distrain.] 

SYN. Precinct; ward; town; county; 
section; circuit; department; province. 

DISTRICT (dis'trikt), vt. [pr.p. DISTRICTING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISTRICTED.] Divide into dis- 
tricts. 

DISTRITO (dis-tre'to), n. Ward or district 
in a city. [Sp. Am. possessions of U. S.] 

DISTRUST (dis-trusf), n. 1. Feeling of doubt 
or want of confidence, reliance, or faith; 
suspicion. 2. Loss of confidence or credit; 
discredit. 

DISTRUST (dis-trusf), vt. [pr.p. DISTRUST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DISTRUST'ED.] 1. Regard 
with distrust or suspicion; doubt. 2. Question 
the truth or sincerity of; disbelieve. 

DISTRUSTFUL (dis-trusf fol), a. 1. Apt to dis- 
trust; suspicious. 2. Not confident; diffident. 

DISTRUSTFULLY (dis-trusf fol-i), adv. In a 
distrustful manner. 

DISTRUSTFULNESS (dis-trusf fol-nes), n. State 
of being distrustful; want of confidence. 

DISTURB (dis-tfirb'), vt. [pr.p. DISTURBING; 
p.*. and p.p. DISTURBED (dis-tfirbd').] 1. Stir 
from a state of rest or tranquillity. 2. Throw 
into confusion or disorder. 3. Cause to de- 
viate. 4. Trouble or render uneasy; be a 
hindrance to. [L. disturbo; from dis-, apart, 
and turbo, agitate; from turba, a crowd.] 

SYN. Annoy; ruffle; arouse; badger; 
agitate; damage; molest. ANT. Soothe; 
quiet; compose; arrange. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w ia Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DISTURBANCE 



396 



DIVE 



DISTURBANCE (dis-turb'ans), n. 1. Act of dis- 
turbing or causing confusion, disorder or dis- 
quiet; tumult. 2. Interruption of a settled 
state of things. 3. 3Iental agitation. 4. Law. 
The hindering or interruption of a right. 
SYN. See ALTERCATION, DISORDER. 

DISTURBER (dis-turb'er), n. One who or that 
which disturbs or causes a disturbance. 

DISULPHATE (di-sul'fat), n. Chem. A salt 
containing one equivalent of sulphuric acid 
with two of the base. 

DISULPHID, DISULPHIDE (di-sul'fid), n. 
Chem. Sulphid containing two atoms of sul- 
phur to the molecule. 

DISUNION (dis-un'yun), n. 1. Act of disuniting 
or separating, or state of being disunited. 2. 
Breach of concord; disagreement; contention. 
[DIS- and UNION.] 

DISUNIONIST (dis-un'yun-ist), n. Advocate of 
disunion. 

DISUNITE (dis-u-nit), v. [pr.p. DISUNITING; 
p.t. and p.p. DISUNI'TED.] I. vt. 1. Separate; 
disjoin; part. 2. Set at variance; alienate; 
estrange. II. vi. Become divided, separated 
or disunited. [DIS- and UNITE.] 

DISUNITY (dis-u'ni-ti), n. 1. State or condition 
of being disunited. 2. State of variance; 
want of concord. 

DISUSE (dis-uz'), vt. [pr.p. DISU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. DISUSED (dis-uzd').] Cease to use, 
practice, or exercise. 

DISUSE (dis-us'), n. 1. Cessation of use, prac- 
tice, or exercise. 2. Cessation of custom; 
desuetude. 

DITCH (dich), n. 1. Trench made in the ground, 
as for drainage. 2. Fort. Excavation round 
the works from which the earth of the ram- 
part has been dug. [A. S. die, dike.] 

DITCH (dich), v. [pr.p. DITCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. DITCHED (dicht).] I. vt. 1. Make a 
ditch in. 2. Drain by a ditch. 3. Surround 
with a ditch. 4. Cause to run into a ditch. 
II. vi. Make a ditch or ditches. 

DITCHER (dich'er), n. 1. One who digs ditches. 
2. Ditching-machine. 

DITHEISM(di'the-izm), n. Doctrine of the exist- 
ence of two supreme gods, or of two creative 
principles, the one good and the other evil; 
Manicheism. [Or. di-, two, and theos, god.] 

DITHEIST (di'the-ist), n. Believer in ditheism. 

DITHEISTIC (di-the-is'tik), DITHEISTICAL (di- 
the-is'tik-al), a. Of or pertaining to ditheism. 

DITHION (dith'i-on), n. Chem. Antiseptic with 
a base of salicylic acid salts. 

DITHYRAMB (dith'i-ramb), n. Hymn con- 
ceived in a lofty and vehement style, originally 
in honor of Bacchus. [Gr. dithyrambos.] 

DITHYRAMBIC (dith-i-ram'bik), I. a. Per- 
taining to or of the nature of a dithyramb; 
wild; impetuous; frenzied. II. n. Dithyramb. 

DITONE (di'ton), n. Music. Interval contain- 
ing two tones. [DI- and TONE.] 

DITTANY (dit'a-ni), n. Bot. Name given to 



several kinds of aromatic perennial plants, 
principally of the genus Dictamnus, as the 
dittany of Crete (Dictamnus Creticus). The 
American dittany is Cunila Mariana. [Gr. 
diktamnos; probably from Mt. Dikte in Crete] 

DITTO (dit'd), [contr. DO.] I. n. That which 
has been said; the same thing. II. adv. In 
like manner; as aforesaid; likewise. [It.; from 
L. dictum, said, p.p. of dico, say.] 

DITTY (dit'i), n. [pi. DIT'TIES.] Little song; 
short, simple air; lay. [O. Fr. dite; from L. 
dictatus, p.p. of dicto, freq. of dico, say.] 

DITTY (dit'i), vi. [pr.p. DIT'TYING; p.t. and 
p.p. DITTIED (dit'id).] Warble; sing. 

DITTY-BAG (dit'i-bag), n. Naut. Small bag 
made of light canvas or other material used 
by sailors to keep their buttons and sewing 
material in. 

DIURESIS (di-u-re'sis), n. Pathol. Excessive 
flow of urine. [Gr. diouresis.] 

DIURETIC (di-u-retik), I. a. Having the power 
or quality of exciting diuresis. II. n. Diuretic 
medicine. 

DIURNAL (dl-ur'nal), a. 1. Happening every 
day; daily. 2. Pertaining to the daytime. 3. 
Performed in a day. 4. Active in the daytime; 
opposed to NOCTURNAL. [L. diurnalis; from 
dies, day.] 

DIURNALLY (di-iir'nal-i), adv. Every day; 
daily. 

DIURNATION (di-ur-na'shun), n. Zool. Tend- 
ency to sleep during daylight, as in owls, bats, 
etc. 

DIVA (de'va), n. [pi. DIVE (de'va).] Eminent 
female singer; prima donna. [It.] 

DIVAGATION (di-va-ga'shun), n. A digression 
or deviation. [L. divagatus, p.p. of divagor, 
wander about.] 

DIVAN (di-van'), n. 1. Among the Turks and 
other Orientals, the highest council of state. 
2. Council-chamber. 3. Restaurant; cafe. 4. 
Thick-cushioned seat or sofa; couch. [Pers. 
divan, council.] 

DIVARICATE (di-var'i-kat), v. [pr.p. DIVARI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. DIVARICATED.] I. 
vt. Divide into two branches. II. vi. Fork 
or part into two branches. [L. divaricatus, 
p.p. of divarico, spread apart; from di-, apart, 
and varico, spread.] 

DIVARICATION (di-var-i-ka'shun), n. 1. A 
forking. 2. A divergence in opinion. 3. Biol. 
A crossing or intersection of fibers at different 
angles. 

DIVE (div), vi. [pr.p. DIVING; p.t. and p.p. 
DIVED (divd) or Colloq. DOVE (dov).] 1. 
Plunge into water or other liquid head first. 
2. Make a headlong plunge inward or down- 
ward. 3. Enter deeply into any question, 
science, or pursuit; explore. [A. S. dufan, 
dyfan; cognate with DIP and DEEP.] 

DIVE (div), n. 1. Sudden plunge head foremost 
into water or other liquid. 2. A swoop. 3. 
Disreputable drinking resort. (Colloq.) 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



DIVER 



397 



DIVIDE 




Diver. 



Act of diver- 



DIVER (di'ver), n. 1. One who dives; one 
who works from a diving- 
bell or in a diving-dress 
beneath water. 2. Diving 
bird. 3. One who goes 
deep into a subject or 
study. 

DIVERGE (di-verj), vi. 
[pr.p. DIVERGING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIVERGED (di- 
ver jd').] 1. Tend in dif- 
ferent directions from a 
common point; branch off. 

2. Varyfroma given course, 
type, or standard; deviate. 

3. Differ; disagree. [L. di- 
apart, and vergo, incline.] 

DIVERGEMENT( di-verj ment), n. 
ging. 

DIVERGENCE (di-ver'jens), DIVERGENCY 
(di-ver' jen-si), n. A receding farther apart. 

DIVERGENT (di-ver'jent), a. 1. Diverging. 2. 
Causing divergence, as of rays by a concave 
lens. 

DIVERGINGLY (di-ver'jing-li), adv. In a di- 
verging manner. 

DIVERS (di'verz), a. 1. Several; sundry. 2. 
Various; differing. [Fr.; from L. diversus, 
diverse.] 

DIVERSE (di-vers'), a. 1. Different; distinct. 
2. Multiform; various. [L. diversus, different, 
various, p.p. of diverto, divert.] 

DIVERSELY (di-vers'li), adv. 1. In differ- 
ent directions. 2. In different ways; 
variously. 

DIVERSENESS ( di-vers 'nes), n. Quality of 
being diverse. 

DIVERSIFIABLE (di-ver'si-fi-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being diversified or varied. 

DIVERSIFICATION (di-ver-si-fi-ka'shun), n. 
Act of diversifying or state of being diversified; 
modification; diversity. 

DIVERSIFLOROUS (di-ver-si-flo'rus), a. Bot. 
Bearing flowers of variegated colors. 

DIVERSIFORM (di-ver 'si-farm), a. Of diverse 
or various forms. 

DIVERSIFY (di-ver'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. DIVERSI- 
FYING; p.t. and p.p. DIVERSIFIED (di-ver '- 
si-fid).] Make different or various in form or 
qualities; give variety or diversity to. [L. 
diversus, diverse, and facio, make.] 

DIVERSION (di-ver 'shun), n. 1. Act of divert- 
ing or turning aside. 2. That which diverts; 
amusement; pastime; recreation. 3. Mil. 
Feint to turn the attention of an enemy from 
the principal point of attack. 

SYN. Detour; divergence; deviation; 
sport. ANT. Continuity; directness; busi- 
ness; work; task; study. 

DIVERSITY (di-ver'si-ti), n. [pi. DIVERSI- 
TIES.] 1. State of being diverse or different; 
dissimilitude. 2. Distinctness in being, as 
opposed to IDENTICAL. 



SYN. Difference; dissimilarity; variation. 
ANT. Similarity; uniformity. 

DIVERT (di-verf), vt. [pr.p. DIVERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIVERT'ED.] 1. Turn off from any 
course, direction, or intended application; 
turn aside. 2. Turn the mind of from business 
or study; amuse. 3. Mil. Draw the forces 
of (an enemy) to a different point. [L. diverto; 
from di-, apart, aside, and verto, turn.] 

DIVERTER (di-vert'er), n. One who or that 
which diverts. 

DIVERTIBLE (di-vert'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
diverted. 

DIVERTICLE (di-ver 'ti-kl), n. Same as DIVER- 
TICULUM. 

DIVERTICULUM (di-ver-tik'u-lum), n. Anat. 
Membranous pouch having only one opening 
connected with the intestine; caecum. [L. 
byway; from diverto, turn aside.] 

DIVERTICULITIS (di-ver-tik-u-li'tis), n. Pathol. 
Inflammation of a diverticulum or caecum. 

DIVERTIMENTO (di-ver-ti-men'to), n. Music. 
Composition of a light, pleasing character, 
whether vocal or instrumental. [It.] 

DIVERTING (di-vert'ing), a. Amusing; enter- 
taining. 

DIVERTINGLY (di-vert'ing-li), adv. In a di- 
verting manner. 

DIVERTISEMENT ( di-ver'tiz-ment ), n. 1. 
Diversion or amusement. 2. Divertissement. 

DIVERTISSEMENT (de-ver-tes-mang'),n. Short 
performance between the acts of a longer 
piece. [Fr.] 

DIVERTIVE (di-vert'iv), a. Tending to divert; 
diverting. 

DIVEST (di-vest), vt. [pr.p. DIVEST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DIVEST'ED.] 1. Strip off, as clothes, 
arms, or equipage. 2. Deprive; dispossess. 
[L. devestio; from de- = dis-, away, and vestio, 
clothe; from vestis, clothing.] 

DIVESTIBLE (di-vest'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
divested. 

DIVESTITURE (di-vest'i-tur), n. Act of di- 
vesting. 

DIVIDABLE (di-vi'da-bl), a. Capable of being 
divided. 

DIVIDE (di-vid), v. [pr.p. DIVI'DING; p.t. and 
p.p. DIVI'DED.] I. vt. 1. Part into two or 
more pieces. 2. Separate by a partition, or 
by an imaginary line or limit. 3. Make par- 
tition of among a number. 4. Cleave or open. 
5. Disunite in opinion or interest; make dis- 
cordant. 6. Cause to vote by "siding off." 
7. Resolve or separate into parts or factors. 
II. vi. 1. Part or open. 2. Break friendship. 
3. Vote by separating into two bodies; *'side 
off." [L. divido, divide.] 

SYN. Separate; dissect; bisect; appor- 
tion; sever; part; divorce. ANT. Unite; 
join. 

DIVIDE (di-vid'), n. Water-shed. — Continental 
divide, elevated region separating rivers 
that flow to opposite sides of a continent. — 



fate, fat, t&Sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=% in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






DIVIDEND 



398 



DIZZINESS 



One who or that 



\ 




Dividers. 

. Have presen- 
ile divino; 



Great divide, imaginary barrier between life 

and death. 
DIVIDEND (div'i-dend), n. 1. Pro rata share 

of the profits of a joint stock concern. 2. 

Proportional payment to creditors out of a 

bankrupt estate. 3. Math. Number to be 

divided. 
DIVIDER (di-vi'der), n. 

which divides. 2. [pi.] 

Kind of compasses, 

usually with an ad- 
justing and retaining 

arrangement. 
DIVINATION (div-i-na'- 

shun), n. 1. Act or 

art of divining. 2. 

Conjectural presage; 

prediction. 
DIVINE(di-vin'),v. [pr.p. 

DIVI'NING; p.U and 

p.p. DIVINED (di- 

vlnd').] I. vt. 1. Have 

a presentiment of; 

foreknow. 2. Foretell; 

presage; prophesy. II. 

vi. 1. Practice divina- 
tion. 2. Utter presages. 

timents. 4. Guess or conjecture. 

from divinus, divine.] 
DIVINE (di-vin'), I. a. 1. Pertaining to God. 

2. Pertaining to a god. 3. Of the nature of, 
or proceeding from, God. 4. Excellent above 
the nature of man; Godlike. 5. Appropriated 
to the Deity, as divine worship. 6. Per- 
taining to theology. II. n. Theologian; clergy- 
man. [L. divinus; from divus, belonging to 
a god; from deus, a god.] 

DIVTNENESS (di-vin'nes), n. Quality of being 
divine. 

DIVINER (di-vi'ngr), n. One who divines. 

DIVING (diving), a. That dives or is used by 
divers. 

DIVING-BELL (di'ving-bel), n. Hollow vessel 
or chamber, open at the bottom and supplied 
with air by a tube from above, in which one 
may descend into and work under water. 
It was originally bell-shaped. 

DIVING-DRESS (di'ving-dres), w. Water-tight 
costume of a diver. 

DIVINING-ROD (di-vi'ning-rod), n. Rod, 

usually of hazel, used by those professing to 
discover water or metals under ground. 

Divinity (di-vin'i-ti), n. [pi. divin'ities.j 

1. The Supreme Being; God. 2. [d-] Any god. 

3. [d-] Being having divine attributes. 4. 
[d-] Supernatural or divine power or influence. 
5. [d-] Science of divine things. 6. [d-] Qual- 
ity of being divine. [L. divinitas; from 
divinus, divine.] 

DIVISIBILITY (di-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 

being divisible. 
DIVISIBLE (di-viz'i-bl), a. Capable of division. 
DIVISION (di-vizh'un), n. 1. Act of dividing. 



2. State of being divided. 3. That which 
divides or separates; partition. 4. Part 
separated from the rest by a partition or line. 
5. Part or distinct portion. 6. Separate body 
of men. 7. Mil. One of the principal parts, 
including infantry, cavalry, and artillery, 
into which an army is divided. 8. A difference 
or disagreement in opinion. 9. Arith. Proc- 
ess of finding how many times one number 
is contained in another. 10. A voting by the 
separation of voters, affirmative and negative, 
in a legislative house. 

DIVISIONAL (di-vizh'un-al), a. 1. Pertaining to 
division. 2. Noting or marking division. 3. 
Belonging to a division. 

DIVISIVE (di-vi'siv), a. 1. Forming division 
or distribution. 2. Creating division or dis- 
cord. 

DIVISOR (di-vi'zur), n. Arith. Number by 
which the dividend is divided. 

DIVORCE (di-vors'), n. 1. Legal dissolution of 
the bond of matrimony, or the separation of 
husband and wife by judicial decree. 2. Sepa- 
ration of things closely united. 3. Writing 
by which marriage is dissolved. [L. divor- 
tium; from diverto, divert.] 

DIVORCE (di-vors), vt. [pr.p. DIVOR'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. DIVORCED (di-vdrst').] 1. Dis- 
solve the marriage contract between. 2. 
Put away, as a wife, by divorce. 3. Sunder; 
separate; sever. 

DIVORCEABLE (di-v6rs'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being divorced. 

DIVORCEE (di-vor-se'), n. Person divorced. 

DIVORCEMENT (di-vors'ment), n. Divorce. 

DIVORCER (di-vor'ser), n. One who procures 
or obtains a divorce. 

DIVORCIBLE (di-vor'si-bl), a. Divorceable. 

DIVORCIVE (di-vor'siv), a. Having power to 
divorce. 

DIVULGE (di-vulj'), vt. [pr.p. DIVUL'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. DIVULGED (di-vuljd').] Tell or 
make known; disclose. [L. divulgo; from di-, 
apart, and vulgo, make common; from 
vulgus, common people.] 

DIVULGER (di-vul'jer), n. One who divulges. 

DIVULSION (di-vul'shun), n. Act of pulling 
or plucking away; a rending asunder. 
[L. divulsio; from di-, apart, and vello, pull.] 

DIVULSIVE (di-vul'siv), a. That pulls asunder; 
distracting. 

DlXIE (diks'i), n. I. Nickname of the South- 
ern states of the American Union. 2. Name 
of a popular American song and air. [Origin 
of name doubtful.] 

DIZDAR (diz-dar'), n. Chief steward of a resi- 
dence in India. 

DIZEN (diz'n), vt. [pr.p. DIZ'ENING; p.t. and 
p.p. DIZENED (diz'nd).] Dress gaudily; be- 
dizen. [From root of DISTAFF.] 

DIZZILY (diz'i-li), adv. In a dizzy manner. 

DIZZINESS (diz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being dizzy; giddiness; vertigo. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DIZZY 



399 



DOCUMENT 



DIZZY (diz'i), a. [comp. DIZZIER; superl. DIZ '- 

v ZIEST.] 1. Having a sensation of giddiness in 

the head; giddy. 2. Causing dizziness or 

giddiness. 3. Thoughtless; heedless; giddy. 

[A. S. dysig, foolish.] 

DIZZY (diz'i), vt. [pr.p. DIZZYING; p.U and 
p.p. DIZZIED (diz'id).] Make dizzy or giddy. 

DJATI (ja'ti), n. Teak-wood. [Siamese.] 

DO (do), v. [pr.p. DO'ING; p.t. DID; p.p. DONE 
(dun).] I. vt. 1. Carry out or complete; 
execute; perform. 2. Bring about or effect. 
3. Act habitually; practice. 4. Put forth; 
exert. 5. Play the part of. 6. Get the better 
of; cheat. (Colloq.) 7. Visit and inspect the 
sights of interest in. 8. Cause to become in 
any state or condition, as to do a person to 
death. II. vi. 1. Act or behave in any man- 
ner. 2. Be in a state with regard to health 
or sickness; fare. 3. Succeed or accomplish 
a purpose. 4. Be adapted; answer the purpose. 
Do is used in the imperative, to express an 
urgent request or command; as an auxiliary, 
in asking questions, and also to express em- 
phasis. — To do away with, to remove, de- 
stroy. — To have to do with, to have concern or 
business with. — To do up, 1. Put up; tie up. 
2. Launder as linen. 3. Vanquish; whip. 
(Colloq.) [A. S. don.~\ 

DO (do), n. Music. First or C note in the scale. 

DOBE (do'ba), n. Same as ADOBE. 

DOCALCIC (do-kal'sik), a. Geologically de- 
scribing formation of rocks and stones. 

DOCIBILITY (dos-i-bil'i-ti), n. Docility. 

DOCIBLE (dos'i-bl), a. Teachable; docile. 

DOCIBLENESS (dos'i-bl-nes), n. Docility. 

DOCILE (dos'il or do'sil), a. 1. Easily managed; 
tractable. 2. Ready to learn; easily instructed. 
[L. docilis; from doceo, teach.] 

DOCILITY (do-sil'i-ti), n. Submissiveness. 

DOCIMACY (dos'i-ma-si), n. 1. Art by which 
the nature and proportions of an ore are deter- 
mined; assaying. 2. Art of testing in materia 
medica. [Gr. dokimasia, examination.] 

DOCIMASTES (dos-i-mas'tez), n.pl. Genus of 
humming birds with enormously long beak. 

DOCIMASTIC (dos-i-mas'tik), a. Assaying or 
proving by tests, especially of ores or metals. 

DOCK (dok), n. Bot. Any plant of the genus 
Rumex, most species of which are troublesome 
weeds. [A. S. docce, dock.] 

DOCK (dok), n. 1. The tail of a beast cut short; 
the stump. 2. Case of leather to cover the 
stump. [O. Ice. docker, stumpy tail.] 

DOCK (dok), vt. [pr.p. DOCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOCKED (dokt).] 1. Cut short; curtail; cut off; 
clip. 2. Deduct from; as, to dock the wages of. 

DOCK (dok), n. 1. Wharf or quay. 2. Artificial 
excavation or structure for containing a vessel 
for repairs, etc. Dry-docks are for building 
and repairing vessels (see cut under DRY- 
DOCK) ; wet docks for loading and unloading 
them; floating docks for lifting vessels out of 
the water. 3. Place where a criminal stands 



in court. 4. In English railway stations, 

the place of arrival and departure of a train. 

[Gr. doche, receptacle; from dechomai, receive.] 
DOCK (dok), vt. [pr.p. DOCKING; p.t. and p.p. 

DOCKED (dokt).] Place in a dock. 
DOCKAGE (dok'aj), n. 1. Accommodation 

in docks for vessels. 2. Charge for use of 

dock. 
DOCKER (dok'er), n. One who works in the 

docks. 
DOCKET (dok'et), n. 1. Summary or abstract. 

2. List of cases for trial in court. 3. Bill or 
ticket affixed to anything; label. 4. Calendar 
of business. [From DOCK, cut short.] 

DOCKET (dok'et), vt. [pr.p. DOCKET'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DOCKETED.] 1. Make an abstract 
or summary of the heads of. 2. Place or enter 
in a docket. 3. 3Iake a minute of the contents 
on the back of, as in the case of papers to be 
filed. 4. Attach a label or tag to. 

DOCKYARD (dok'yard), n. Naval establish- 
ment with docks for the building and repairing 
of vessels of war. 

DOCTOR (dok'tur), n. 1. Medical practitioner; 
physician; surgeon. 2. One who has received 
from a university a diploma of the highest 
degree in a faculty, as of divinity, medicine, 
etc. [L. doctor, teacher; from doceo, teach.] 

DOCTOR (dok'tur), v. [pr.p. DOCTORING; 
p.t. and p.p. DOCTORED (dok'turd).] I. vt. 

1. Treat with medicine. 2. Patch up; mend. 

3. Confer the degree of doctor upon. 4. 
Adulterate. 5. Falsify. II. vi. 1. Take 
medical treatment. 2. Practice medicine. 

DOCTORAL (dok'tur-al), a. Pertaining to a 
doctor. 

DOCTORATE (dok'tur-at), n. Degree of a doc- 
tor. 

DOCTRINAIRE (dok-tri-nar'), I. a. Theoretical. 
II. n. Unpracticed theorizer, especia*r on 
social and political questions; originally, one 
of a set of politicians in France who sought 
to reform the constitution on the English 
model. [Fr.] 

DOCTRINAL (dok'tri-nal), a. Pertaining to 
doctrine. 

DOCTRINALLY (dok'tri-nal-i), adv. In the 
form of doctrine or instruction. 

DOCTRINARIAN (dok-tri-na'ri-an), n. Doc- 
trinaire. 

DOCTRINE (dok'trin), n. 1. Principle of belief; 
dogma; tenet. 2. That which is taught or 
held by any sect, master, or teacher. [Fr.; 
from L. doctrinal from doctor, teacher; from 
doceo, teach.] 

SYN. Postulate; precept; teaching; creed; 
belief; maxim. ANT. Practice; conduct; 
action. 

DOCUMENT (dok'u-ment), n. 1. Paper con- 
taining information or the proof of anything. 

2. Law. Any object that serves as a proof or 
evidence. [Fr.; from L. documentum, lesson; 
from doceo, teach.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=c/i in Scotcn loch. 



DOCUMENT 



400 



DOG -FENNEL 



DOCUMENT (dok'u-ment), vt. [pr.p. DOCU- 
MENTING; p.U and p.p. DOCUMENTED.] 

1. Furnish with documents. 2. Support or 
prove by documents. 

DOCU31ENTAL (dok-u-men'tal), a. Documen- 
tary. 
DOCUMENTARY (dok-u-men'ta-ri), a. Per- 
taining to, found in, or based upon, documents. 
DODDER (dod'er), n. Bot. Leafless, twining, 

pale-colored parasitic plant of the genus 

Cuscuta. [A. S.] 
DODDER (dod'er), vi. [pr.p. DODDERING; p.U 

and p.p DODDERED (dod'erd).] Tremble; 

totter. [Prob. a corrup. from TOTTER.] 
DODDERED (dod'erd), a. Infirm; unsteady, as 

with age. 
DODDT (dod'i), n. [pi. DOD'DIES.] Zool. 

Bovine animal without horns. 
DODECAGON (do-dek'a-gon), n. Geom. Plane 

figure having twelve equal angles and sides. 

[Gr. dodeka, twelve, and gonia, angle.] 
DODECAHEDRAL (d6-dek-a-he'dral), a. Per- 
taining to, or of the form of, a dodecahedron. 
DODECAHEDRON (do- 

dek-a-he'dron), n. Geom. 

Solid figure having 

twelve equal pentagonal 

bases or faces. [Gr. do- 

deka, twelve, and hedra 9 

base, side.] 
DODGE (doj), v. [pr.p. 

DODGING; p.U and p.p. 

DODGED(dojd).] I. vt. 1. 

Evade by starting aside. 

2. Evade or escape from by craft. 3. Follow in 
an evasive way. 4. Baffle; cheat. II. vi. 1. 
Start aside suddenly. 2. Change from place 
to place rapidly. 3. Practice evasions; 
shuffle; quibble. [Etym. doubtful. Cf. DOD- 
DER.] 

DODGE (doj), n. 1. Act of dodging. 2. Trick; 

evasion; quibble. 
DODGER (doj'er), n. 1. One who dodges or 

evades. 2. Artful, cunning fellow; trickster. 

3. Handbill or circular. 4. Griddle cake; 
as a corn dodger. 

DODO (dodo), n. 

[pi. DODOES.] 

Bird about the 

size of a turkey, 

very clumsy, and 

incapable of 

flight. It was 

formerly found 

in Mauritius and 

Madagascar, but 

became extinct 

about the end 

of the 17th cen- 
tury. [Pg. don do, 

silly.] 
DOE (do), n. Female of the fallow-deer or buck. 

[A. S. da.} 




Dodecahedron. 




Dodo. 



DOER (do'er), n. One who does, or performs 
what is required. 

DOES(duz), v. Third person singular indicative 
present, of DO. 

DOESKIN (do skin), n. 1. Skin of a doe. 2. 
Single-width fine woolen cloth. 

DOFF (dof), v. [pr.p. DOFFING; p.U and p.p. 
DOFFED (doft).] I. vt. 1. Take off, as the 
hat. 2. Strip or divest. II. vi. Take off the 
hat as a mark of respect. [Contr. of DO OFF.J 

DOFFER (dof'er), n. 1. One who doffs. 2. Part 
of a carding-machine which strips the cotton 
from the cylinder when carded. 

DOG (dog), n. 1. Zool. Domestic carnivorous 
quadruped ( Canis familiaris), of the same 
genus as the wolf, and akin to the fox, vary- 
ing in size from small terriers to huge New- 
foundlands, mastiffs, and St. Bernards. 2. 
Mean scoundrel. 3. Fellow; as, a jolly dog. 
4. Astron. (1) One of two constellations in 
the southern hemisphere ( Cants Major and 
Canis Minor). (2) Dog-star. 5. Andiron. 
6. Hammer of a firearm. 7. In machinery, 
device with a tooth or catch which grips an 
object and detains it; detent; pawl. [A. S. 
docga.] 

DOG (dog), vt. [pr.p. DOG'GING; p.U and p.p. 
DOGGED (dogd).] 1. Follow as a dog; hunt; 
hound. 2. Attend closely; tag. 3. Worry with 
importunity. 4. Detain or fasten with a dog 
or catch. 

DOGATE (do'jat), n. Position, office, or rank 
of a doge. 

DOGBANE (dog'ban), n. Bot. Herbaceous plant 
(Apocynum androsazmifolium), 
with an intensely bitter root, 
valued for its medicinal prop- 
erties, and said to be poisonous 
to dogs. 

DOGBERRY (dog'ber-i), n. [pi. 
DOGBERRIES.] Berry of the 
dogwood. 

DOGBRIAR (dogbri-er), n. Dog- 
rose. 

DOG-DAYS (dog'daz), n.pl. Days 
when the dog-star rises with the 
sun (July 3d to August 11th); 
when dogs are erroneously Dogbane. 

thought to be most subject to hydrophobia. 

DOGE (doj), n. Formerly, the chief magistrate 
in Venice and Genoa. [It.; from L. dux, 
leader; from duco, lead.] 

DOG-EAR (dog'er), n. Corner of leaf turned 
down like a dog's ear. 

DOG-EAR (dog'er), vt. [pr.p. DOG'EARING; 
p.t. and p.p. DOG-EARED (dog'erd).] Turn 
down the corners of, as leaves of a book; make 
dog's ears upon. 

DOG-EARED (dog'erd), a. Same as DOG'S- 
EARED. 

DOGEATE (doj'at), n. Same as DOGATE. 

DOG-FENNEL (dog'f en-el), n. Bot. Mayweed 
(Anthemis Cotula). 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



DOGFISH 



401 



DOLICHOCEPHALIC 




-*t|BJi^iS&*\i 




Dogfish. 



DOGFISH (dog'flsh), n. Popular name for 
various species of 
small shark, also for 
various other fishes, 
including the bur- 
bot of Lake Erie. 

DOGGED (dog'ed), a. 
1. Sullenly persist- 
ent; obstinate. 2. 
Surly, like an an- 
gry dog. 

DOGGEDLY (dog'ed- 

li), adv. In a dogged manner. 

DOGGEDNESS (dog'ed-nes), n. Quality of being 
dogged. 

DOGGER (dog'er), n. Two-masted Dutch fishing 
vessel. 

DOGGEREL (dog'er-el), I. a. Of loose irregular 
measure. II. n. Verse written without regard 
to regularity in rhythm; wretched poetry. 
[Etym. unknown.] 

DOGGISH (dog'ish), a. Like a dog; churlish; 
snappish. 

DOGGISHLY (dog'ish-li), adv. In a doggish 
manner. 

DOGGISHNESS (dog'ish-nes), n. Quality of 
being doggish. 

DOGMA (dog'ma), n. [pi. DOGMAS or DOG- 
MATA (dog'ma-ta).] 1. Settled opinion posi- 
tively expressed. 2. Dictum laid down and 
promulgated with authority. 3. Religious 
doctrine, principle or tenet. [Gr. dogma, 
opinion; from dokeo, think. 
SYN. See DOCTRINE. 

DOGMATIC (dog-mat'ik), DOGMATICAL (dog- 
mat'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to dogma. 2. 
Asserting or disposed to assert in authori- 
tative or arrogant manner; overbearing; posi- 
tive. 

DOGMATICALLY (dog-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
dogmatic manner. 

DOGMATICS (dog-mat'iks), n. Dogmatic the- 
ology. 

DOGMATISM (dog'ma-tizm), n. Dogmatic 
assertion of opinion; positiveness in opin- 
ion. 

DOGMATIST (dog'ma-tist), n. One who dog- 
matizes. 

DOGMATIZE (dog'ma-tiz), vi. [pr.p. DOG'- 
MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. DOGMATIZED 
(dog'ma-tizd).] State one's opinion dogmat- 
ically or positively. 

DOGMATIZER (dog'ma-ti-zer), n. One who 
dogmatizes. 

DOGROSE (dog'roz), n. Bot. European wild- 
rose or brier (Rosa canina). 

DOG'S-AGE (dogz'aj), n. An unreasonably long 
time. (Colloq.) 

DOG'S-EAR (dogz'er), n. Corner of the leaf of 
a book turned down like a dog's ear. 

DOG'S-EAR (dogz'er), vt. Same as DOG-EAR. 

DOG'S-EARED (dogz'erd), a. Having the cor- 
ners of the leaves turned down. 



DOG-STAR (dog'star), n. Astron. Sirius, the 
principal star in the constellation Canis 
Major, whose rising and setting with the sun 
gave name to the dog-days. 

DOG-TOOTH (dog'toth), n. 1. Canine tooth. 
2. Arch. Molding for doors and windows in 
later Norman architecture, consisting of a 
series of ornamental conical projections. 

DOG-TROT (dog'trot), n. Gentle trot, like that 
of a dog; jog-trot. 

DOG-WATCH (dog'woch), n. Naut. One of two 
watches of two hours each, between 4 and 
8 o'clock p. m. 

DOG-WOOD (dog'wpd), n. Bot. Tree or shrub 
of the genus Cornus, as the Cornus florida, of 
the U. S. and Canada. 

DOILY (doi'li), n. [pi. DOI'LIES.] Small orna- 
mental napkin, commonly used to put glasses 
on at dessert. [Etym. doubtful, said to be from 
Doily or Doyley, a famous English haber- 
dasher.] 

DOINGS (do'ingz), n.pl. 1. Actions, good or 
bad. 2. Happenings; events. 3. Bustle; 
stir. 

DOIT (doit), n. Small Dutch copper coin, worth 
about a quarter of a cent; hence, a trifle. 

DOKO (do'ko), n. Zool. South American mud 
eel (Lepidosiren paradoxa). 

DOLABRIFORM ( do-lab 'ri-f arm), a. Having 
the form of an ax or hatchet. [L. dolaora, ax, 
hatchet, and -FORM.] 

DOLCE (dol'cha), I. a. Music. Sweet; soft. 
II. w. Soft-toned organ-stop. [It.] 

DOLCEMENTE (dol-cha-man'ta), adv. Music. 
Softly and sweetly. [It.] 

DOLDRUMS (doldrumz), n.pl. 1. Naut. Those 
parts of the ocean about the equator where 
calms and baffling winds prevail. 2. Low 
spirits; dumps. [Etym. doubtful.] 

DOLE (dol), n. Pain; grief; sorrow. [O. Fr. 
doel, grief; from L. doleo, feel pain.] 

DOLE (dol), vt. [pr.p. DO'LING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOLED (dold).] Deal out in small portions 
[Doublet of DEAL, divide.] 

DOLE (dol), n. Share distributed or doled out; 
gratuity. 

DOLEFUL (dol'fQl), a. Full of dole or grief; 
sorrowful; melancholy; sad; mournful. 

DOLEFULLY (doFfol-i), adv. In a doleful or 
sorrowful manner. 

DOLEFULNESS (dol'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
condition of being doleful; sadness. 

DOLERITE (dol'er-it), n. Basaltic greenstone. 
[Fr.; from Gr. doleros, deceptive, it being hard 
to distinguish from real greenstone.] 

DOLEROPHANITE (dol-er-of'a-nit), n. Min. 
Blue sulphate of copper mixed with lava. 

DOLESOME (dol'sum), a. Doleful; mournful. 

DOLICHOCEPHALIC (dol-i-ko-se-fal'ik ), a. 
JEthnol. Long-headed, a term used to denote 
a head whose diameter from front to back is 
longer than from side to side. [Gr. dolichos, 
long, and kephale, head.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
i\=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DOLICHOCEPHALOUS 



402 



DOMESTICITY 



DOLICHOCEPHALOUS (dol-i-ko-sef'a-lus), a. 
Dolichocephalic. 

DOLL (dol), n, 1. Child's toy baby; miniature 
toy figure of a human being. 2. Childish- 
featured woman. [O. Dut. dol, whipping- 
top; or from DOLLY, for DOROTHY.] 

DOLLAR (dol'ar), n. 1. Monetary unit of the 
United States and Canada, equal to 100 cents. 
Gold coins of the United States contain 25.8 
grains to the dollar, 23.20 grains of which 
are fine gold. Standard silver dollars contain 
412.5 grains, 375.25 grains of which are 
silver. 2. Coin of nearly the same value, 
current in various other countries, as Canada, 
Mexico, Colombia. [Ger. thaler, short for 
Joaehimsllialcr, because first coined at the 
silver mines in Joachimsthal, Bohemia.] 

DOLLY (dol'i), n. [pi. DOL'LIES.] Diminutive 
of DOLL; little doll. 

DOLLY (dol'i), n. [pi. DOL'LIES.] 1. Wooden 
shaft attached to a disk with projecting arms, 
used for stirring clothes in a wash-tub. 2. 
Somewhat similar apparatus used in mining, 
pile-driving, etc. 

DOLMAN (dol'man), n. 1. Turkish robe with 
tight sleeves, and open in front. 2. Hussar's 
jacket, worn like a cloak, with one or both 
sleeves hanging loose. [Fr.; from Turk. 
doldmdn.] 

DOLMEN (dol'men), n. Prehistoric structure 
of two or more unhewn stones, supporting 
a large flattish stone; cromlech. [Bret, dol, 
table, and men, stone.] 

DOLOMITE (dol'6-mit), n. Min. Magnesian 
limestone. [So called from the French geol- 
ogist D. Guy de Dolomien (1750-1801).] 

DOLOR (do'lur), n. Pain; sorrow; pang. [L. 
dolor, pain; from doleo, feel pain.] 

DOLORIFEROUS (do-lur-if'er-us), a. Causing 
dolor or pain. 

DOLORIFIC (do-lur-if'ik), a. Doloriferous. 

DOLOROSO (do-16-rd'so), adv. Music. Ten- 
derly and pathetically. [It.] 

DOLOROUS (do'lur-us), a. Expressing dolor; 
doleful. 

DOLOROUSLY (dd'lur-us-li), adv. In a doleful 
manner. 

DOLOROUSNESS (do'lur-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being 
dolorous. 

DOLPHIN (dol'fin), 
n. 1. Animal of 
the whale kind 
{Delphinus del- 
phis), closely re- 
sembling the por- 
poise, about 8 or 10 feet long. 2. The dorado, 
a fish about 5 feet long, noted for the brilliancy 
of its colors when dying. 3. Naut. Spar or 
buoy fastened to an anchor, to which an iron 
ring is usually attached, to enable vessels to 
ride by it. 4. Mooring-post placed at the en- 
trance of a dock, or along a quay or wharf. — 




Dolphin (Coryphcena 
hippurus). 



The dolphin of the mast, a particular kind of 
wreath, formed of plaited cordage, intended 
to sustain the weight of the fore and main 
yards. [O. Fr. dolphin; from L. delphinus: 
Gr. delphis, dolphin.] 

DOLT (dolt), n. Dull, stupid fellow; dunce. 
[A. S. dol, dull.] 

DOLTISH (dolt'ish), a. Dull; stupid. 

DOLTISHLY (dolt'ish-li), adv. In a doltish 
manner. 

DOLTISHNESS (dolt'ish-nes), n. Stupidity. 

-DOM (dum), suffix. Denotes jurisdiction, con- 
dition, or quality, as in dukedom, wisdom, 
freedom. [A. S. dom 9 authority, judgment. 
See DOOM.] 

DOMAIN (do-man'), n. 1. Territory or district 
over which dominion or authority is exer- 
cised. 2. Landed property; estate in land. 3. 
Scope or range of any subject or sphere of 
knowledge. 4. Dominion; empire. 5. Old 
English Law. A lord's manor house and ad- 
joining lands; demain. — Bight of eminent 
domain, right of the state to appropriate by 
legal and constitutional means private prop- 
erty for the public good, due compensation 
being made therefor. [Fr. domaine; from L. 
dominium; from dominus, lord.] 

DOMANIAL (do-ma'ni-al), a. Pertaining to 
landed estates. 

DOME (dom), n. 1. Hemispherical roof raised 
over the middle of an edifice; cupola. 2. 
Majestic building, as a temple, cathedral, etc. 
(Poet.) 3. Anything dome-shaped. [L. domus, 
house.] 

Domesday Book (domz'da bok). Book 

compiled by order of William the Conqueror, 
containing a survey of all the lands in Eng- 
land, their value, owners, etc. So called 
from its authority in judgment on the mat- 
ters contained in it. Also called Doomsday 
Book. [A. S. domes dceg, day of doom or judg- 
ment.] 
DOMESTIC (dor-mes'tik), I. a. 1. Belonging 
to the house or home. 2. Remaining at 
home; attached to home life or duties. 3. 
Domesticated; not wild; tame. 4. Made in 
one's own country; not foreign made. II. n. 

1. One who lives with a family as a private 
servant. 2. [pi.] Articles of home manu- 
facture, especially home-made cotton goods. 
[L. domesticus; from domus, house.] 

DOMESTICALLY (do-mes'tik-al-i), adv. 1. 

In relation to domestic or family matters. 2. 

In privacy. 
DOMESTICATE (do-mes'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. DO- 

MES'TICATING; p.t. and p.p. DOMES'- 

TICATED.] 1. Make domestic or familiar. 

2. Tame; cultivate. 
DOMESTICATION (do-mes-ti-ka'shun), n. Act 

of domesticating, or state of being domesti- 
cated. 
DOMESTICITY (do-mes-tis'i-ti), n. [pi. DO- 
MESTICITIES.] 1. State of being domestic. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DOMICELLA 



403 



DON 




Domicella (Lorius 
domicella) . 

[L. domicilium; 



2. Domestic or private matter, business, or 
habit. 

DOMICELLA (dom-i- 
sel'a), n. Parrot-like 
bird found in Poly- 
nesia, noted for its 
imitative speaking 
powers and varie- \ 
gated plumage. [L.L. 
domicella, dim. of 
domus, house.] 

DOMICILE (dom'i- 
sil), n. 1. Place of 
abode; residence; 
home. 2. Law 
Length of residence 
required for the pur- 
pose of founding 
jurisdiction in civil actions, 
from domus, house.] 

DOMICILE (dom'i-sil), vt. [pr.p. DOMICILING; 
p.t. and p p. DOMICILED (dom'i-sild).] Pro- 
vide with a domicile or fixed place of abode; 
domiciliate. 

DOMICILIARY (dom-i-cil'i-a-ri), c. Pertain- 
ing to a domicile. 

DOMICILIATE (dom-i-sil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. DOM- 
ICILIATING; p.t. and p.p. DOMICILIATED.] 
Establish in a permanent residence. 

DOMICILIATION (dom-i-sil-i-a'shun), n. Per- 
manent residence; inhabitancy. 

DOMINANCE (dom'i-nans), DOMINANCT 
(dom'i-nan-si), n. Ascendancy; predominance. 

SYN. Mastery; superiority; preponder- 
ance; prevalence. ANT. Inferiority; sub- 
jection; servitude; weakness. 

DOMINANT (dom'i-nant), I. a. Having the 
predominance; governing; ruling. II. n. 
Music. Fifth note of the scale in its relation 
to the first and third. [L. dominans, pr.p. of 
dominor, dominate.] 

DOMINATE (dom'i-nat), v. [pr.p. DOMINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DOMINATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Exercise control over; govern; rule. 2. Be 
the chief feature of. 3. Tower above. II. vi. 
Predominate. [L. dominatus, p.p. of dominor, 
be lord or master; from dominus, lord.] 

DOMINATION (dom-i-nashun), n. 1. Rule; 
government. 2. Arbitrary authority; tyr- 
anny. 3. [pi.] Fourth order of angels in a 
supposed heavenly hierarchy. 

DOMINATIVE (dom'i-na-tiv), a. Dominating; 
imperious. 

DOMINATOR (dom'i-na-tur), n. Ruler or ru- 
ling influence. 

DOMINE (do'mi-ne), n. Clergyman; parson. 
See DOMINIE. [L.] 

DOMINEER (dom-i-ner'), v. [pr.p. DOMINEER'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DOMINEERED (dom-i- 
nerd').] I. vt. Exercise control over in an 
insolent, haughty, and overbearing way. H. 
vi. Rule arbitrarily; be overbearing. [L. 
dominor, dominate.] 




General Alejandro 
Wos-y-Gil, elected 
president of Do- 
minican Republic 
in 1903. 



DOMINICAL (do-min'i-kal), a. 1. Denoting 
the Lord's day, or Sunday. 2. Of or relating 
to the Lord, as the Lord's prayer. [L.L. do- 
minicalis, pertaining to the Lord's day, or 
Sunday; from L. dominus, lord.] 

DOMINICAN (do-min'i-kan), I. n. One of an 
order of preaching friars, founded by Dominic 
de Guzman, a Spanish ecclesiastic (1170- 
1221). In England they were called Black 
Friars, and in France Jacooins. II. a. Of 
or pertaining to the Dominicans or the foun- 
der of their order. 

DoMINICAN(do-min'i-kan), 
n. Native or citizen of the 
•Dominican Republic, in 
South America. 

Dominican Republic, 
or Santo Domingo. 

Negro republic, Haiti, 
West Indies. 

DOMINIE (dom'i-ni), n. 1. 
Schoolmaster; tutor. 2. 
Clergyman; domine. [L. 
domine, vocative of domi- 
nus, lord.] 

DOMINION (do-min'yun), n. 

1. Supreme power or con- 
trol; sovereign authority; rule; sway. 2. 

- Country or people controlled or governed, as 
Dominion of Canada. 3. Law. Absolute 
ownership. 4. Predominating influence; as- 
cendancy. 5. [pi.] Dominations. [L.L. dom- 
inio; from dominus, lord.] 

SYN. Mastery ; power ; control ; authority ; 
empire; government; jurisdiction; suprem- 
acy; sway. ANT. Servitude; subjugation; 
slavery. 
DOMINO (dom'i-no), n. [pi. DOMINOES.] 1. 
Masquerade dress worn by either sex, consist- 
ing usually of a long silk mantle with wide 
sleeves and a hood removable at pleasure. 

2. Formerly, a hooded dress worn by priests 
in the winter, which, reaching no lower than 
the shoulders, served to protect the face and 
head from the weather. 3. One of the oblong 
pieces with which the game of dominoes is 
played. [L. L. domino, dress worn by a domine ; 
from L. dominus, lord.] 

DOMINOES (dom'i-noz), n.pl. Game played 
with 28 pieces called dominoes, each of 
which is a flat, oblong piece of wood, ivory, 
or bone, divided into two compartments, each 
of which is either blank or marked with from 
one to six spots. 

DON (don), vt. [pr.p. DON'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
DONNED (dond).] Put on; assume; opposed 
to DOFF. [Contr. of DO ON.] 

DON (don), n. [fern. Sp. DONA (do'nya); It. 
DON'NA.] 1. Spanish title, corresponding to 
English Sir, formerly applied only to noble- 
men, now to all classes. 2. [d-] Important 
personage. 3. [d-] Fellow of a college; college 
authority. [Sp. ; from L. dominus, lord.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owh then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DONA 



404 



DORMER 



DoNA(do'nya), n. 1. Feminine title correspond- 
ing to DON. 2. A lady; (in English, usually 
with the Italian spelling, (DONNA). [See DON.] 

DONATE (do'nat), vt. [pr.p. DO'NATING; p.t. 
and p.p. DONATED.] Give; bestow; con- 
tribute. [L. dono (p.p. donatus), give; from 
donum, gift.] 

DONATION (do-na'shun), n. 1. Act of giving 
or bestowing. 2. That which is given or do- 
nated. 3. Law. Act by which a person freely 
transfers his title to anything to another. 

DONATIVE (don'a-tiv), I. a. Vested or vesting 
by donation. II. n. Gift; gratuity; donation. 

DONATOR (do'na-tur), n. One who donates; 
donor. 

DONE (dun), p.p. of DO. 1. Performed; acted; 
executed; completed; carried out. 2. Cooked 
sufficiently. 3. Exhausted. 4. Cheated; 
overreached. 

DONE (dun), interj. Agreed; accepted. 

DONE (dun), a. Law. Given out to the public; 
issued; term used at the conclusion of formal 
documents, showing the date at which they 
were officailly approved. 

DONEE (do-ne'), n. Person to who anything is 
given or donated. [O. Fr. done, p.p. of doner, 
give; from L. dono, give.] 

DoNGOLA (dong'go-la), n. Province of Egypt, 
in Nubia. — Dongola process, mode of tanning 
goatskin, calfskin, and sheepskin so as to 
resemble kid. 

DONJON (dun'jun), n. Strong central tower in 
ancient castles, to which the garrison retreated 
when hard pressed. [Doublet of DUNGEON.] 

DONKEY (dong'ki), n. [pi. DON'KIES.] 1. An 
ass. 2. Blockhead; dunce. [Double dim. of 
DUN, from its color.] 

DONNA (don'a), n. A lady. — Prima (pre'ma) 
donna, leading female singer in an opera. 
[It.; from L. domina, lady.] 

DONOR (do'nar), n. One who gives, bestows or 
grants anything; donator. [O. Fr.; from L. 
donator; from dono, give as a present.] 

DON'T (dont), v. Contraction for DO NOT. 

DOODLE (do'dl), n. Simple fellow; trifler. 
[Prob. from DO LITTLE or DAWDLE.] 

DOOM (dom), n. 1. A judicial passing of sen- 
tence or judgment. 2. Determination affect- 
ing the destiny or fate of any person or thing. 
3. Fate to which one is sentenced or destined, 
generally evil or adverse. 4. Ruin; destruc- 
tion; perdition. 5. Final judgment. — Crack, 
of doom, dissolution of all things at the final 
judgment. [A. S. dom, judgment.] 

DOOM (dom), vt. [pr.p. DOOMING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOOMED (domd).] 1. Pronounce judgment 
on. 2. Fix the fate or destiny of; destine; 
foreordain. 

SYN. Condemn; sentence. ANT. Par- 
don; absolve. 

DOOMSDAY(domz'da), n. Day of doom; judg- 
ment day. — Doomsday Book. See DOMES- 
DAY BOOK. 



D003ISMAN (domz'man), n. One who pro- 
nounces doom or judgment. 

D003ISTER (dom'ster), n. 1. Doomsman. 2. 
Scot. Law. Executioner. 

DOOR (dor), n. 1. Hinged or sliding frame of 
wood, metal, or other material, used for clo- 
sing the -entrance or exit of a house, room, or 
other inclosure. 2. Usual entrance into a 
house, room, or passage; doorway. 3. Means 
of approach or access. [A. S. dura, door.] 

DOORKEEPER (dor'kep-er), n. One who keeps 
the door, or guards the entrance to a build- 
ing, house, hall, etc.; usher; porter. 

DOOR-3IAT (dor'mat), w. Mat to be laid at a 
door for wiping the feet. 

DOOR-NAIL (dor'nal), ra. Nail on which the 
knocker of a door strikes. 

DOOR-PLATE (dor'plat), n. Plate for the door 
of a house or room, with the name of the 
occupant on it. 

DOORWAY (dor'wa), n. Passageway into or 
out of a building, house, or room; entrance; 
exit. 

DOORYARD (dor'yard), n. Grounds or yard 
about the door of a house. 

DOPE (dop), n. 1. Any thick liquid used as a 
lubricant. 2. Any absorbent material holding 
a thick liquid, as cotton waste. [Prob. from 
Dut. doop, a dipping.] 

DOPE (dop), n. 1. Dose or portion. 2. Patent 
medicine; anything to be taken by the dose. 
3. Prepared opium. [Variant of DOSE.] 

DOPE (dop), vt. [pr.p. DOPING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOPED (dopt).] Surfeit with medicine; dose 
excessively. 

DOR (dar), n. Entom. 1. Large droning beetle 
of Europe (Geotrypes stercorarius) . 2. June- 
bug, a beetle of any of the species of Lach- 
nosterna. [A. S. dora, bumblebee.] 

DORADO (do-ra'do), n. Zool. The dolphin 
( Coryphaina hippuris), so called from its 
beautiful color when dying. [Sp., gilt; from 
dorar, gild.] 

DOREE (do're), n. Same as DORY, Zool. 1. 

DORIA (do'ri-ya), n. Hand-loomed, striped 
Indian lawn. [Hind.] 

DORIAN (do'ri-an), I. a. Belonging to Doris, 
in Greece; Doric. II. n. Native of Doris. 

DORIC (dor'ik), I. a. I. Belonging to Doris, 
in Greece. 2. Arch. Denoting one of the 
Greek orders of architecture, distinguished 
by its simplicity and solidity. II. n. Doric 
dialect. 

DORMANCY (dar'man-si), n. Torpidity; leth- 
argy; quiescence. 

DORMANT (dar'mant), I. a. 1. Torpid, as a 
hibernating animal. 2. In a state of inaction; 
inactive. 3. Not asserted or claimed; in 
abeyance. 4. Arch. Leaning. II. n. Arch. 
Crossbeam. [Fr. dormant, pr.p. of dormir, 
sleep; from.L. dormio, sleep.] 

DORMER (dar'mer), n. 1. Dormer-window. 2. , 
Originally, sleeping-room. 3. Arch, Cross- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 




er 




THE MOST POPULAR STYLES OF LETTERING 



ROMAN MEDIEVAL ITALIC SCRIPT OLD ENGLISH GERMAN BLOCK ROMAN-BLOCK 

A&JluAa Ma JVaTk Aa Aa. 

Bb B& Bhmi »kT3* BbBb 
Cc Qt Cc <8e €t tc Cc Gc 
Dd Dfr Dd &d Sa 3>i> Dd Dd 

Ee €f*J5? <£? «* ■£« Ee Ee 

Ff Ef FfF/m 5t Ff Ff 

Gg ©9 G& % (f q &0, Gg Gg 

Hh Eli Hh3f£%h Sfr Hh Hh 
Ii It Ii^Z%\ 3i Ii Ii 
Jj (Ji <#// 3j 3j Jj Jj 
KkKkJ&J0#5KfeiU KkKk 
LllrtZJ^fSl it LI Ll 

Mn flint .Ma^z-lltrtHtK Mm Mn 





Copyright, 191 1 , t>y Wm. H . Lee. 



_ 




THE MOST POPULAR STYLES OF LETTERING 




ROMAN MEDI/EVAL ITALIC SCRIPT OLDENGUCH GERMAN BLOCK RQMANflflCK 

Nn lb. Mi An dfttltn Nn Nn 
Oo 0« Oo ®.0. ©0 ®0 Oo Go 

Pp £ v Pp 9fr $y~&v Pp Pp 

Qq'Ol Qq &f®i| &<t Q q Qq 
Rr R» Tfr &r &« Tlr Rr Rr 

Ss S s >S<? S^ <## -S^ Ss Ss 
Tt $* ft ££ ¥t Xt Tt Tt 

Uu ttn Uu 91m Gtu ^tt Uu Uu 

VvTt. Vv m< ir» i>v Vv Vv 

Ww SL. Ww 5^ Jfcrl^w WwWw 
Xx X k Xx SXptc Xx DCs Xx Xx 

ZzZj Zz%%zZzlz Zz 





Copyright, 191 1 , by Wm. H. Lee. 



DORMER-WINDOW 



405 



DOUBLE 







Dormer win- 
dow. 




Dormouse (Muscardinus 
avellanarius) . 



beam or sleeper. [O. Fr. dormeor; from L. 
dormitorius, of or pertaining to sleep.] 

DORMER-WINDOW (dar'mer- 
win-do), n. Arch. Vertical 
window piercing a sloping roof, 
and having a vertical frame 
and gable of its own — so called 
as belonging originally to a 
sleeping-room. 

DORMICE (dar'mis), n. Plural 
of DORMOUSE. 

DORMITIVE (dar'mi-tiv), a. Promoting sleep; 
soporific. 

DORMITORY (dar'mi-to-ri), n. [pi. DOR- 
MITORIES.] 1. Large sleeping room, ar- 
ranged for the accommodation of a number 
of persons. 2. Building containing sleeping 
and study apartments for students of a school. 
[L. dormitorium; from dormio, sleep.] 

DORMOUSE (dar'- 
mows), n. [pi. DOR- 
MICE (dar'mis).] 
Small European ro- 
dent intermediate be- 
tween the squirrel 
. and the mouse, so 
called because torpid 
in winter. [L. dormio, 
sleep, and MOUSE.] 

DORSAL (dar'sal), a. Pertaining or belonging 
to, or situated near, the back; tergal. [Fr. 
dorsal; from L. dorsum, back.] 

DORY (do'ri), n. [pi. DO'RIES.] Zool. 1. Fish 
( Zeus faber) of the family Zeidce, of the North 
Atlantic. It is called also Doree and John-dory, 
the latter being a corruption of the French 
jaune doree, golden yellow; see cut under 
JOHN-DORY. 2. American wall-eyed pike. 
[Fr. doree, golden, gilt.] 

DORY (do'ri), n. [pi. DO'RIES.] Small, sharp, 
flat-bottomed boat, with very sloping sides, 
used by fishermen. 

DOSAGE (do'saj), n. Practice or method of 
dosing. 

DOSE (dos), n. 1. Quantity of medicine pre- 
scribed to be taken at one time. 2. Anything 
disagreeable or nauseous that one is required 
to take or swallow. 3. Share; portion. [Gr. 
dosis; from didomi, give.] 

DOSE (dos), v. [pr.p. DO'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOSED (dost).] I. vt. 1. Apportion into doses. 
2. Give a dose or doses to. 3. Give anything 
nauseous or unpleasant to. II. vi. Take 
doses of medicine frequently. 

DOSIMETER (do-sim'e-ter), n. Graduated appli- 
ance for administering exact doses of medicine. 

DOSSAL (dos'al), n. Cloth hanging, of various 
colors at different church festivals, for the 
back of an altar and the sides of the chancel. 
[L.L. dossale; from L. dorsum, back.] 

DOSSER (dos'er), n. Rich hanging of tapestry 
for the walls of a hall or of a chancel. [Fr. 
dossier; from L. dorsum, back.] 



DOSSER (dos'er), n. Lodger in a doss-house. 

DOSS-HOUSE (dos'hows), n. Cheap London 
lodging-house. 

DOSSIER (das-ya'), n. File of documents ap- 
pertaining to some special subject. [Fr.] 

DOSSIL (dos'il), n. 1. Plug; spigot. 2. Cloth 
roll for wiping ink from an engraved plate 
in printing. 3. Surg. Pledget of lint for clean- 
ing out a wound. [O. Fr. dosil; from L. 
ducilus, spigot.] 

DOST (dust), v. Second person, singular, pres- 
ent, indicative of DO. 

DOT (dot), n. Small, round or roundish mark or 
spot; speck; period; point. [A. S. dott.] 

DOT (dot), v. [pr.p. DOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOTTED.] I. vt. 1. Mark with dots. 2. 
Place a dot over, as to dot the i's. 3. Diver- 
sify with objects. II. vi. Make dots. 

DOT (dot), n. Civ. Law. Marriage portion; 
dowry. [Fr. ; from L. dos, dotis, dowry.] 

DOTAGE (do'taj), n. 1. Childishness of old age; 
senility. 2. Excessive and foolish fondness. 
3. Senile utterance; drivel. 

DOTAL (do'tal), a. Pertaining to a dowry or to 
dower. 

DOTARD (do'tard), n. 1. Man who is in his 
dotage. 2. One who is weakly fond. 

DOTATION (do-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of bestow- 
ing a marriage portion. 2. Endowment for 
support of a charitable institution. [L. dotatus, 
p.p. of doto, endow.] 

DOTE (dot), vi. [pr.p. DO'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOTED.] 1. Be foolishly or excessively fond. 
It is usually followed by ON, as to dote on. 2. 
Be childish from old age. [O. Dut. dot en, be 
silly.] 

DOTER (do'ter), n. Same as DOTARD. 

DOTH (duth), v. Third person singular present 
of DO. 

DOTINGLY (do'ting-li), adv. In a doting man- 
ner. 

DOTTED (dot'ed), a. Marked with dots. 

DOTTEREL (dot'er-el), w. 1. Zool. European 
species of plover 
named for its 
apparent stu- 
pidity in allow- 
ing itself to 
be approached 
and caught. 2. 
Stupid fellow; 
dupe. [From 
DOTE.] 

DOTTREL (dof- 
rel), n. Same 
as DOTTEREL. 

DOUBLE (dub'l), 

a. 1. Consisting of two similar or corre- 
sponding parts; twofold. 2. Having two of 
a sort together; coupled. 3. Twice as much, 
large, or many. 4. Music. Making tones an 
octave lower. 5. Bot. Having the petals 
increased in number. 6. Acting two parts; 




Dotterel (Eudromias 

morinellus) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,. 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



DOUBLE 



406 



DOUBTFUL 






treacherous; deceitful. [Fr. ; from L. duplus, 
double; from duo, two, and plus, related to 
plenus, full.] 

DOUBLE (dub'l), adv. Doubly; twice. 

DOUBLE (dub'l), n. 1. Something that is twice 
as much. 2. Counterpart or duplicate; hence 
an apparition or wraith. 3. A fold or plait. 

4. A turn in running to escape pursuers. 5. 
An artifice to deceive. 6. Print. Matter set 
up twice. 

DOUBLE (dub'l), v. [pr.p. DOUB'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. DOUBLED (dub Id).] I. vt. 1. Increase 
or extend to twice the original amount, size, 
extent, quality, or value. 2. Fold. 3. Re- 
peat. 4. Contain twice as much or many as. 

5. Naut. Sail or pass round. 6. Mil. Unite 
two in one, said of ranks and files. 7. Music. 
Add the upper or lower octave to. II. vi. 1. 
Increase by an equal amount. 2. Turn back 
in running, as a hare. 3. Duplicate uninten- 
tionally. 4. Play tricks. 

DOUBLE-ACTING (dub'1-akt-ing), a. Mech. 
Acting in two directions, as up and down. 

DOUBLE-BASS (dub'1-bas), n. Music. Lar- 
gest and lowest-toned instrument of violin 
form. 

DOUBLE-BREASTED (dub'1-brest-ed), a. Lap- 
ping over and buttoning on either side, as a 
double-breasted coat. 

DOUBLE-DEALER (dub'1-del-er), n. Deceitful 
person; trickster. 

DOUBLE-DEALING (dub'1-del-ing), I. a. De- 
ceitful; tricky. II. n. Duplicity. 

DOUBLE-DECKER (dub'1-dek-er), n. 1. Naut. 
Vessel having two decks above water-line. 
2. Conveyance having seats for passengers on 
the roof. 

DOUBLE-EAGLE (dub'1-e-gl), n. 1. Gold coin 
of the United States, of the value of two 
eagles or $20. 2. Heraldic representation of an 
eagle with two heads, as in the arms of Russia 
and Austria. 

DOUBLE-EDGED (dub'1-ejd), a. 1. Having 
two edges. 2. Cutting or working both 
ways. 

DOUBLE-ENTRY (dub'1-en-tri), n. Bookkeep- 
ing. Method by which two entries are made 
of each transaction. 

DOUBLE-FACED (dub'1-fast), o. Showing two 
faces; hypocritical; false. 

DOUBLENESS (dub'1-nes), n. State of being 
double; duplicity. 

DOUBLE-OCTAVE (dub'1-ok-tav), n. Music. 
Interval composed of fifteen notes in diatonic 
progression, and which for that reason is 
called a fifteenth. 

DOUBLE-QUICK (dub'1-kwik), Mil. I. ». 
Marching step at the rate of from one hundred 
and sixty-five to one hundred and eighty 
steps a minute; pace next a run. II. a. At 
the rate of the double-quick; very quick. 

DOUBLE-QUICK (dub'1-kwik), v. [pr.p. 
DOUB'LE-QUICKING; p.t. and p.p. DOUBLE- 



QUICKED (dub'l-kwikt).] I. vt. Cause to 
march in double-quick time. II. vi. March in 
double-quick time. 

DOUBLER (dub'ler), n. One who or that which 
doubles. 

DOUBLE-STAR (dub'1-star), n. Star appearing 
single to the naked eye, but in the telescope 
resolved into two. 

DOUBLE-STOUT (dub'l-stowt), n. Extra strong 
stout or porter. 

DOUBLET (dub'let), n. 1. One of a pair. 2. 
One of two or more words that are really 
the same, but vary somewhat in spelling and 
signification as desk, disk, and dish. 3. Coun- 
terfeit gem composed of two pieces of crystal 
with color between them. 4. Print. Matter 
unintentionally set up a second time; a double. 
5. Kind of close-fitting jacket, formerly worn 
by both sexes, named from its being double, 
or heavily lined. [Dim. of DOUBLE.] 

DOUBLE-TIME (dub'1-tlm), n. Mil. Marching 
step at the rate of one hundred and eighty 
thirty-six inch steps to the minute. 

DOUBLE-TONGUED (dub'l-tungd), a. Double- 
dealing; deceitful. 

DOUBLE-TREE (dub'1-tre), n. Bar or cross- 
piece on the tongue of a carriage, wagon, 
plow, etc., to the ends of which the single- 
trees or whippletrees are attached. Called 
also evener. 

DOUBLOON (dub-Ion'), n. Spanish coin, of 
about the value of $5, so called from origi- 
nally being of double the value of a pistole. 
[Sp. doblon; from doblo, double.] 

DOUBLY (dub'li), adv. In twice the quantity; 
to twice the degree or extent. 

DOUBT (dowt), v. [pr.p. DOUBTING; p.t. and 
p.p. DOUBTED.] I. vt. Hold in doubt; dis- 
trust. II. vi. 1. Waver in opinion; be un- 
certain; hesitate. 2. Suspect. [O. Fr. douter; 
from L. dubito, be uncertain.] 

STN. Mistrust; surmise; vacillate; demur. 
ANT. Decide; determine; resolve; trust; 
believe. 

DOUBT (dowt), n. 1. Uncertainty of mind; 
perplexity. 2. Suspicion. 3. Thing doubtful 
or questioned. 

SYN. Irresolution; distrust; unbelief; 
uncertainty; credulity; misgiving; perplex- 
ity. ANT. Certainty; conviction; decision. 

DOUBTABLE (dowt'a-bl), a. Open or liable to 
doubt; doubtful. 

DOUBTER (dowt'er), n. One who doubts. 

DOUBTFUL (dowt'fol), a. 1. Undetermined. 
2. Open or liable to doubt. 3. Of uncertain 
issue. 4. Not clear; indistinct; ambiguous. 
5. Not secure or confident; suspicious. 

SYN. Wavering; hesitating; distrustful; 
dubious; uncertain; obscure; problemat- 
ical; equivocal; questionable; undecided; 
precarious; hazardous. ANT. Determined; 
decided; satisfied; plain; clear; distinct; 
certain; confident; sure; positive. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me. met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute. hut. burn. 

ii=w in' Scotch g-ude; oil, owl, Men, 1s.h=ch iu Scotch loch. 



DOUBTFULLY 



407 



DOWER 



DOUBTFULLY (dowt'fQl-i), adv. 1. In a doubt- 
ful or hesitating manner. 2. Not clearly; 
ambiguously. 

DOUBTFULNESS (dowt'fol-nes), n. State or 
condition of being doubtful. 

DOUBTING (dowt'ing), a. That doubts; un- 
decided. 

DOUBTINGLY (dowt'ing-li), adv. In a doubt- 
ing manner; with hesitation. 

DOUBTLESS (dowt'les), I. a. Confident; sure. 
II. adv. Without doubt; assuredly; unques- 
tionably. 

DOUBTLESSLY (dowt'les-li), adv. Without a 
doubt; certainly. 

DOUCEUR (do-sur'), n. Something intended 
to please; present or bribe. [Fr.; from L. 
dulcis, sweet. 1 

DOUCHE (dosh), n. 1. Jet of water directed 
upon the body for medical purposes. 2. Ap- 
paratus for administering the same. [Fr.; from 
L. duco, lead.] 

DOUGH (do), n. ■ 1. Mass of flour or meal, 
moistened and kneaded, but not baked. 2. 
Something of similar appearance or consist- 
ency, as potter's clay. 3. Money. (Colloq.) 
[A. S. ddh.] 

DOUGHFACE (do'fas), n. One who is pliable, 
and is easily turned to any purpose. 

DOUGHNUT (do'nut), n. Small, roundish, 
twisted, or ring-shaped cake of dough, 
usually sweetened, and cooked in boiling fat; 
fried-cake; cruller. 

DOUGHTILY (dow'ti-li), adv. In a doughty 
manner. 

DOUGHTINESS (dow'ti-nes), n. Valor; bravery. 

DOUGHTY (dow'ti), a. 1. Brave; valiant; 
illustrious. 2. Displaying bravado; boastful; 
quixotic. [A. S. dyhtig, valiant; from dugan, 
be strong.] 

DOUGHY (do'i), a. Of the nature of dough; 
like dough; soft. 

DOUMA, DUMA (do'ma), n. Elective branch 
of the Russian parliament. 

DOUSE (dows), v. [pr.p. DOUSING; p.t. and 
p.p. DOUSED (dowst).] I. vt. Plunge into water 
or other liquid; dip; duck. II. vi. Be plunged 
into liquid; fall suddenly into water. [Sw. 
dunsa, plump down.] 

DOUSE (dows), vt. [pr.p. DOUS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DOUSED (dowst).] Naut. Strike or let fall 
suddenly, as sails on account of a squall. 
[Prob. from 0. Dut. dossen, strike.] 

DOUSE (dows), vt. 
Put out or ex- 
tinguish, as in 
the slang phrase 
"douse theglim," 
put out the light. 
[Prob. of same 
origin asDOUSE, 
strike.] 

DOVE (duv), n. 

1. Zool. Bird of any species of the genus 




Dove. 



Columba; pigeon; especially the turtle-dove 
in Europe and the mourning-dove in the 
United States. 2. Word of endearment. 3. 
Emblem of innocence or gentleness, also of 
the Holy Spirit. [A.S. dufe; from dufan, dive.] 

DOVE-COT (duv'kot), DOVE-COTE (duv'kot), 
n. Small house for domestic pigeons; dove- 
house. 

DOVER (do'ver), n. Seaport and borough, E. 
Kent, England. 

DOVER (do'ver), n. Capital of State of Dela- 
ware. 

DoVER'S-POWDER(do'verz-pow-der),n. Med. 
Compound of ipecac, opium, and sulphate of 
potash, prescribed as a sedative and sudorific. 
[Dr. Dover, an English physician.] 

DOVETAIL (duv'- 
tal),n. l.Modeof 
fastening boards 
timbers, etc., to- 
gether by fitting 
pieces shaped 
like a wedge or 
a do ve's tail 
spread out (ten- 
ons) into cor- 
responding cavi- 
ties (mortises), 
made by, such 




Dovetail. 



or Joint 



2. Piece used In, 
mode of fastening. 

DOVETAIL (duv'tal), vt. [pr.p. DOVE'TAILING; 
p.t. and p.p. DOVETAILED (duv'tald).] 1. 
Fasten together by a dovetail. 2. Fit exactly, 
as if by dovetail. 

DOWABLE (dow'a-bl), a. Entitled to be en- 
dowed. 

DOWAGER (dow'a-jer), n . 1. Title given in 
England to a widow to distinguish her from 
the wife of her husband's heir, bearing the 
same name or title. 2. Eng. Law. Widow 
endowed or having a jointure. [O. Fr. 
douagere; from doner, endow.] 

DOWDIL Y (dow'di-li), adv. In a dowdy manner. 

DOWDINESS (dow'di-nes), n. Quality of being 
dowdy. 

DOWDY (dow'di), a. [comp. DOWDIER; superl. 
DOWDIEST.] Slovenly or slack in habit; 
carelessly dressed; untidy. [Etym. unknown.] 

DOWDY (dow'di), n. [pi. DOWDIES.] Untidy 
woman. 

DOWDYISH (dow'di-ish), a. Untidy-looking; 
carelessly dressed. 

DOWEL (dow'el), n. 1. Pin of wood or iron 
inserted in the edges of two adjacent pieces 
to fasten them together. 2. Piece of wood 
set into a wall, for nailing finishing work to. 
[Fr. douille, socket.] 

DOWEL (dow'el), vt. [pr.p. DOWELING; p.t. 
and p.p. DOWELED (dow'eld).] Fasten to- 
gether by means of dowels. 

DOWER (dow'er), n. 1. Law. Certain share, 
usually one-third, of her husband's real estate 
to which a widow is entitled during her life, 
and which reverts to his heirs at her death. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



DOWER 



408 



DRAB 



2. Personal endowment or gift. [O. Fr. 
douaire; from L. dos (genit. dotis), dower; from 
do, give.] 

DOWER (dower), vt. [pr.p. DOWERING; p.t. 
and p.p. DOWERED (dow'erd).] 1. Endow 
with a marriage portion. 2. Provide with 
an endowment or gift. 

DOWERY (dow'er-i), n. [pi. DOW'ERIES.] 
Same as DOWRY. 

DOWLAS (dow'las), n. Kind of coarse linen 
cloth. [From Doulas, near Brest, in Brittany.] 

DOWLE (dowl), n. Filament of a feather. [Fr. 
douillet, soft, downy.] 

DOWN (down), n. 1. Fine soft plumage of 
birds, especially that on the breasts of water- 
fowl. 2. Fine, soft hair. 3. Pubescence of 
plants or flowers. 4. Fine feathery substance, 
by which seeds are wafted to a distance. 5. 
That which is soft, like down, inviting repose. 
[Ice. dunn.] 

DOWN (down), n. 1. Bank of sand thrown up 
by the sea; dune. 2. Treeless land. 3. [pi.] 
Tract of hilly land, used for pasturing sheep. 

— The Downs, well-known roadstead for ship- 
ping in the English Channel near Deal. [A. S. 
dun, hill.] 

DOWN (down), adv. 1. From a higher to a 
lower position. 2. On the ground. 3. From 
earlier to later times. 4. To a smaller bulk; 
from large to small; from more to less. 5. 
Below the horizon. 6. In a state of dejection. 
7. In or into subjection, submission, or hu- 
miliation. — Call down, humiliate; rebuke. 

— Turn down, slight; disappoint; "go back 
on"; refuse. — Pay cash down, pay in cash at 
once. — Write it down, put it in writing or on 
record. [A corrup. of ADOWN; from A. S. of- 
diine, from the hill.] 

DOWN (down), prep. Along a descent; from a 
higher to a lower position or state. 

DOWN (down), vt. [pr.p. DOWNING; p.t. and 
p.p. DOWNED (downd).] I. vt. 1. Knock 
down; fell. 2. Get the better of; conquer; 
subdue. II. vi. Descend; sink; go down. 

DOWN (down), a. 1. Going or tending down- 
ward. 2. Downcast; dejected. 

DOWNCAST (down'kast), a. Dejected; de- 
pressed; dispirited. 

DOWNCOME (down'kum), n. 1. Sudden fall. 
2. Overthrow. 

DOWNDRAFT (down'draft), n. Mech. Furnace 
where draft descends to aid combustion. 

DOWNFALL (down'fal), n. 1. A falling down, 
as of rain. 2. That which falls with sudden 
violence. 3. Sudden fall from a position of 
power, honor, wealth, etc.; ruin. 

DOWNFALLEN (down'faln), o. Fallen; ruined. 

DOWNHAUL (down'hal), n. Naut. Rope 
by which a jib, etc., is hauled down when 
set. 

DOWNHEARTED (down'hart-ed), a. Dejected; 
dispirited; downcast. 

DOWNHILL (down'hil), I. a. Descending; 



sloping downward. II. adv. Toward ruin or 
disgrace. 

DOWNPOUR (down'por), n. Heavy fall, as of 
rain; a pouring down. 

DOWNRIGHT (down'rit), I. a. 1. Directly to 
the point; plain. 2. Open; undoubted; un- 
deniable. 3. Absolute; utter. 4. Directed 
straight downward. II. adv. 1. Right down. 
2. In plain terms; directly; bluntly. 3. Ab- 
solutely; utterly. 

DOWNRIGHTLY (down'rit-li), adv. In plain 
terms; bluntly; plainly. 

DOWNRIGHTNESS (down'rit-nes), n. Quality 
of being downright; plain dealing. 

DOWNRUSH (down'rush), n. A rushing down, 
as of gas, hot air, etc. 

DOWNSTAIRS (down'starz), I. a. On a lower 
floor. II. adv. Down the stairs; to a lower 
story. 

DOWNTRODDEN (down'trod-n), a. Trampled 
on; tyrannized over; oppressed. 

DOWNWARD (down'ward), a. Moving or tend- 
ing down as regards place, inclination, or 
condition; descending. 

DOWNWARD (down'ward), DOWNWARDS 
(down'wardz), adv. 1. In a direction from a 
higher to a lower elevation. 2. In the direc- 
tion from the source to the outlet. 3. From 
earlier toward later times. 

DOWNY (down'i), a. 1. Covered with down. 
2. Made of down. 3. Soft as down. 4. Sooth- 
ing; placid; calm, as downy sleep. 5. Smooth 
and artful. (Slang.) 

DOWRY (dow'ri), n. [pi. DOWRIES.] 1. Law. 
Property which a wife brings to her husband 
at marriage. 2. Formerly, reward paid for a 
wife. (Gen. xxxiv. 12). 3. Endowment or 
gift. [From DOWER.] 

DOWSE (dows), vt. and vi. Same as DOUSE. 

DOXOLOGICAL (doks-o-loj'ik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of a doxology. 

DOXOLOGY (doks-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. DOXOL'O- 
GIES.] Hymn expressing praise and honor to 
God. [Gr. doxologia; from doxa, praise, and 
lego, speak.] 

DOZE (doz), v. [pr.p. DO'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
DOZED (dozd).] I. vi. Sleep lightly; be half 
asleep; drowse. II. vt. Spend in drowsiness 
(with away). [Ice. dusa.1 

DOZE (doz), n. Short light sleep; nap; 
drowse. 

DOZEN (duz'n), n. Collection or aggregate of 
twelve objects of a kind. [O. Fr. dozaine; from 
douze, twelve; from L. duodecim; from duo, 
two, and decern, ten.] 

DOZER (do'zer), n. One who dozes. 

DOZINESS (do'zi-nes), n. State of being dozy. 

DOZY (do'zi), a. 1. Drowsy; lethargic; sluggish. 
2. Causing drowsiness; soporific. 

DRAB (drab), I. n. A yellowish-gray color. 
II. a. Of a drab or yellowish-gray color. 
[Fr. drap, cloth.l 

DRAB (drab), n. Wooden box used in salt- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



DRABBET 



409 



DRAGNET 



works for holding the salt when taken out of 
the boiling pans. [Etym. unknown.] 

DRABBET (drab'et), n. 1. Coarse twilled linen, 
of a drab color. 2. Coarse linen duck. 

DRABBLE (drab'l), vt. [pr.p. DRAB'BLING; 
p.t. and p.p. DKAB'BLED.] 1. Trail on wet 
ground. 2. Soil by trailing,, [Variant of 
DRAGGLE.] 

DRABBLE (drab'l), w. Horde of ill-clad, tat- 
tered and filthy persons. 

DRACHM (dram), n. 1. Dram. 2. Drachma. 

DRACHMA (drak'ma), n. 1. Monetary unit of 
modern Greece=19.3 cents American money. 
2. Ancient Greek silver coin varying in value 
in different states and at different periods, 
from nine to seventeen cents. 3. Ancient 
Attic weight of about sixty-six grains avoir- 
dupois. 4. In modern Greece a dram. [Gr. 
drachme, handful; from drassomai, grasp with 
the hand.] 

DRACINE (dra'sin), n. Madder-red coloring 
gum used in the manufacture of varnish. 

DRACO (dra/ko), n. 1. Astron. The Dragon, 
a constellation of the northern hemisphere, 
consisting of about eighty stars. 2. Zool. 
Genus of saurian reptiles, including the flying 
lizard {Draco volans) of India and Africa. 3. 
[d-] Kind of ignis fatuus. [L.; from Gr. 
drakon, dragon.] 

DRACONIAN (dra-ko'ni-an), a. Relentless; 
severe; like the legislation of Draco, the 
Athenian archon (621 B.C.), whose laws were 
so severe that the slightest offense was pun- 
ished with death. 

DRACONIC (dra-kon'ik), a. Draconian. 

DRAFF (draf), n. Refuse, especially of grain 
after brewing or distilling; lees; dregs. [Prob. 
related to Dut. draf, swill.] 

DRAFFISH (draf'ish), DRAFF Y (draf'i), a. 
Worthless; waste; refuse. 

DRAFT, DRAUGHT (draft), n. 1. Act of draw- 
ing or dragging. 2. A drawing, plan, or de- 
lineation of a design on paper, etc. 3. First 
sketch or outline of any writing or document. 
4. Order for the payment of money; bill of 
exchange. 5. Current of air. 6. Act of drink- 
ing or quantity drunk at once; drink; potion. 
7. A catch or haul, as of fishes in a net. 8. 
Body of men or ships drawn off or detached 
for a special purpose. 9. Military or naval 
conscription; levy. 10. Depth to which a ship 
sinks in the water. 11. Anything drawn off. 
12. Weight or amount of resistance of any- 
thing drawn. 13. Anything that draws on or 
tends to exhaust, as a draft on one's time. 
14. Force necessary to draw; traction. — 
Forced draft, current of air driven under high 
speed and pressure used to create an artifi- 
cial draft to aid the consumption of fuel and 
increased heat in generating steam. [A. S. 
dragan, draw.] 

DRAFT, DRAUGHT (draft), vt. [pr.p. DRAFT- 
ING, DRAUGHTING; p.t. and p.p. DRAFT'ED, 



DRAUGHT'ED.] 1. Draw a draft or outline of ; 
delineate. 2. Compose, write, or draw up. 
3. Draw off; detach; conscript. 4. Weaving. 
Pull through the heddles. 

DRAFT, DRAUGHT (draft), a. 1. For drawing 
loads, as a draft-horse. 2. Drawn off, as 
draft-liquor. 

DRAFT-ENGINE, DRAUGHT-ENGINE (draff- 
en-jin), n. 1. Engine (usually steam) for ele- 
vating ore, coal, miners, etc., or for pumping 
water from mines. 2. Engine used to drive 
a fan or to create a strong current of air or 
other vapor to be driven through pipes or flues. 

DRAFTER (drafter), n. Law. One who iiTen- 
gaged in drafting documents, legal papers, etc. 

DRAFT-HORSE, DRAUGHT-HORSE (draff- 
hars), n. Horse used for drawing the plow, 
heavy loads, etc., in distinction from a carriage 
horse or a saddle horse. 

DRAFTINESS, DRAUGHTINESS (draft'i-nes), 
n. State or quality of being drafty. 

DRAFTING-BOARD (drafting-bord), n. Board 
on which material for drawing is fixed. 

DRAFTSMAN, DRAUGHTSMAN (drafts 'man), 
n. [pi. DRAFTS'MEN, DRAUGHTSMEN.] 
One who draws plans or designs. [See 

DRAUGHTSMAN.] 

DRAFTSMANSHIP, DRAUGHTSMANSHIP 
(drafts'man-ship), n. Profession or skilled 
work of a draftsman. 

DRAFTY, DRAUGHTY (draft'i), a. Exposed or 
subject to drafts. 

DRAG (drag), v. [pr.p. DRAGGING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRAGGED (dragd).] I. vt. 1. Pull or 
draw along by main force; haul. 2. Draw 
slowly, as if heavy and tiresome. 3. Haul 
about roughly and forcibly. 4. Harrow. 5. 
Explore with a grapnel or drag. II. vi. 1. 
Hang so low as to trail on the ground. 2. 
Be forcibly drawn along. 3. Move slowly and 
heavily. 4. Ply a grapnel or drag. 5. Naut. 
Give way and lose hold, as an anchor, f . Go 
too slowly; keep behind, as in singing? etc. 
[A. S. dragan, draw.] 

DRAG (drag), n. 1. Act of dragging. 2. Grapnel 
for dragging a pond, harbor, etc., for bodies 
of drowned persons, etc. 3. Dredge. 4. Drag- 
net. 5. Heavy harrow. 6. Long open car- 
riage, with transverse or side seats. 7. Four- 
in-hand coach. 8. Rough, heavy wagon or 
sled for hauling timber or stone. 9. Contri- 
vance for retarding carriage wheels in going 
down slopes. 10. Any obstacle to progress; 
drawback; clog; impediment. 

DRAGGLE (drag'l), v. [pr.p. DRAG'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DRAGGLED (drag'gld).] I. vt. Make 
wet or soiled by dragging or trailing on the 
ground. II. vi. Become wet or soiled by 
dragging on the ground. [Freq. of DRAG.] 

DRAGNET (drag'net), n. 1. Net to be dragged 
or drawn along the bottom of water to catch 
fish. 2. Plan to apprehend an offender by con- 
certed action of officials. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch glide; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DRAGOMAN 



410 



DRAMATIC 




Chinese Dragon. 



DRAGOMAN (drag'o-man), n. [pi. DRAGO- 
MANS.] Interpreter or 
guide in Eastern coun- 
tries. [Fr.; from Ar. 
tarjumdn; from tarjama, 
interpret.] 

DRAGON (drag'un), n. 1. 
Fabulous winged ser- 
pent or lizard, having 
great strength and very- 
acute senses, especially a 
piercing vision. 2. Stand- 
ard emblazoned with a 
dragon, as that of China. 
3. Zool. The flying liz- 
ard (Draco volans). 4. 
Fierce person; a virago. 
5. Bot. Plant of the 
genus Dracontium. 6. 
Short carbine with a 
dragon's head, hung by 
a swivel to the belt of a , 
dragoon (17th century). 
7. [D-] Astron. Constel- 
lation Draco. [Fr.; from 
L. draco, draconis; from 
Gr. drakon, serpent; from 
derkomai, see.] 

DRAGONET (drag'o-net), 

n. Zool. Fish of the genus Callionymus. 

DRAGON-FISH (drag'un-flsh), n. Dragonet. 

DRAGON-FLY (drag'- 
un-fli), n. [pi. DRAG'- 
ON-FLIES.] Zool. In- 
sect of the family 
Libellulidw, especial- 
ly the genus Libellula, 
including the "devil's 
darning needle." It 
has a long body, two 
pairs of narrow, 
gauze-like wings, 
large head and eyes, 
strong mandibles, and Is of swift flight. 

DRAGON'S-BLOOD (drag'unz-blud), n. Red 
resinous exudation of several kinds of trees 
in the West Indies, and of the fruit of various 
palms in the East Indies, especially the 
Calamus Draco, and the Dracwna Draco of 
the Canary Islands. 

DRAGON-TREE (drag'un-tre), n. Bot. Large 
tree of the Canary Islands (Dracaena Draco), 
which yields resin called dragon's-blood. 

DRAGOON (dra-gon'), n. 1. In the British 
army, a cavalryman, especially of the heavy 
cavalry as opposed to huzzars and lancers. 
2. Formerly, a soldier trained to fight either 
on horseback or on foot as occasion might 
require, so called from the dragon (or carbine 
with a dragon's head) which he carried. [See 
DRAGON, 6.] 

DRAGOON (dra-gon'), vt. [pr.p. DRAGOON- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. DRAGOONED (dra-gond').] 




Dragon-fly (Libellula 
trimaculata) . 



1. Reduce to subjection by dragoons. 2. 
Compel to submit by violent measures; harass. 

DRAGOON-BIRD (dra-gon'berd), n. Zool. 
Brazilian bird ( Cephalopterus ornatus), having 
a large umbrella-like crest of feathers over 
the head; umbrella-bird. 

DRAGOONER (dra-gon'er), n. 1. Dragoon. 2. 
Cavalry horse. 

DRAIN (dran), v. [pr.p. DRAIN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRAINED (drand).] I. vt. 1. Draw off 
gradually. 2. Pass through some porous 
substance; filter. 3. Make dry by drawing 
water or other fluid from. 4. Empty or ex- 
haust. II. vi. 1. Flow off gradually. 2. 
Become emptied by flowing or dripping. 
[A. S. drSahingan; from dragan, draw.] 

DRAIN (dran), n. 1. Act of draining. 2. Means of 
draining, as a pipe, sewer, trench, etc. 3. [pi.] 
Refuse grains from breweries and distilleries. 

DRAIN ABLE (dran'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
drained. 

DRAINAGE (dran'aj), n. 1. Act of draining. 2. 
System of sewage. 3. Mode in which the 
waters of a country pass off by its streams and 
rivers. 4. That which is carried off by drains. 
5. Surface drained. 

DRAINER (dran'er), n. One who or that which 
drains. 

DRAIN-PIPE (dran'pip), n. Pipe used for 
draining. 

DRAIN-TILE (dran'til), n. Tile employed for 
draining fields. 

DRAKE (drak), n. 1. Male duck. 2. Silver 
shilling of Elizabeth, named from the mint- 
mark (a martlet, mistaken for a drake). 3. 
Drake-stone. [A. S. ened, duck, and -rake, chief.] 

DRAKE (drak), n. 1. Angler's name for a 
species of dragon-fly, used as bait. 2. Beaked 
galley, or Viking ship of war. [A. S. draca, 
dragon; from L. draco.] 

DRAKE-STONE (drak'ston), n. Thin flat stone 
to skim over water. [DRAKE (male duck), and 
STONE.] 

DRAM (dram), n. 1. Unit of weight: in apothe- 
caries' weight, sixty grains; in avoirdupois, 
27.34 grains. 2. Drachma. 3. Drink of 
liquor. 4. Formerly, small quantity or por- 
tion. [O. Fr. drame; from L. drachma; from 
Gr. drachme. See DRACHMA.] 

DRAMA (dra'ma or dra'ma), n. 1. Literary 
composition intended to present a picture of 
real life, and to be represented in character on 
the stage; play. 2. Representation, with 
necessary adjuncts, of a series of assumedly 
real events on the stage. 3. Series of real 
events invested with dramatic unity and 
terest. 4. Dramatic literature, as the modern 
drama. 5. Theatrical profession. [L. ; from 
Gr. drama, dramatos; from drao, do; perform.] 

DRAMATIC (dra-mat'ik), DRAMATICAL (dra- 
mat'ik-al), a. 1. Belonging to the drama. 2. 
Appropriate to or in the form of a drama. 3. 
With the force and vividness of the drama. 



on 
ith 
dly 
eal 
in- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DRAMATICALLY 



411 



DRAWING-ROOM 



DRAMATICALLY (dra-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
dramatic manner, or in the manner of the 
drama; hy representation. 

DRAMATIS PERSONS (dram'a-tis per-so'ne). 
The characters in a play. [L.] 

DRAMATIST (dram'a-tist), n. Writer of dra- 
mas or plays. 

DRAMATIZE (dram'a-tiz), vt. [pr.p. DRAM- 
ATIZING; p.t. and p.p. DRAMATIZED (dram'- 
a-tizd).] 1. Compose in, or turn into the 
form of, a drama or play. 2. Describe dra- 
matically. 

DRAMATURGY (dram'a-tur-ji), n. Science or 
art of dramatic composition and representa- 
tion. [Gr. dramatourgia.] 

DRAMSHOP (dram'shop), n. Public house, 
where liquor is sold to be drunk on the 
premises; barroom; grogshop; saloon. 

DRANK (drangk). v. Past tense of DRINK. 

DRAPE (drap), v. [pr.p. DRA'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRAPED (drapt).] I. vt. 1. Cover or 
Invest with drapery; arrange drapery or folds 
of cloth over or about. II. vi. 1. Design or 
arrange drapery. 2. Formerly, make cloth. 
[Fr. draper; from drap, cloth.] 

DRAPER (dra'per), n. 1. One who sells or deals 
in cloth. 2. One who designs or arranges 
drapery. 

DRAPERY (dra'per-i), n. [pi. DRA'PERIES.] 1. 
Cloths, hangings, etc., with which any object 
is draped. 2. Hangings, such as curtains, 
tapestry, etc. 3. Cloth goods. 4. Art. Rep- 
resentation of the dress of human figures. 

DRASTIC (dras'tik), I. a. Promptly and effect- 
ively active; efficacious. II. n. Medicine 
which acts promptly, powerfully, and effect- 
ively; strong purgative. [Gr. drastikos; from 
drady do, act.] 

DRAUGHT, DRAUGHTSMAN, etc. See DRAFT, 
DRAFTSMAN, etc. 

DRAUGHT-BOARD (draft'bord), n. Checker- 
board. 

DRAUGHTS (drafts), n.pl. The game of 
checkers. [A. S. dragan, draw.] 

DRAUGHTSMAN (drafts-man), n. [pi. 
DRAUGHTSMEN.] 1. Piece in the game of 
draughts or checkers. 2. Draftsman. 

DRAVE (drav), v. Old past tense of DRIVE. 

DRAW (dra), v. [pr.p. DRAWING; p.t. DREW 
(dro); p.p. DRAWN (dran).] I. vt. 1. Pull or 
haul, as opposed to PUSH or SHOVE. 2. Pull 
along by force. 3. Pull out. 4. Raise or lift 
as from a deep place, as to draw water from 
a well. 5. Cause to flow or run out, as to 
draw liquor from a cask. 6. Attract. 7. In- 
duce to attend or come; allure; entice. 8. 
Call forth or elicit. 9. Derive. 10. Inhale. 
11. Infer; deduce. 12. Eviscerate. 13. Re- 
ceive or take, as to draw money from a bank, 
draw a salary, etc. 14. Bear or produce, as 
to draw interest. 15. Bring into readiness 
for action, as to draw a weapon. 16. Bend, 
as a bow. 17. Extract the essence of. 18. 



Lengthen by pulling; elongate; protract. 19. 
Form, mark, or construct between two points; 
as to draw a line; hence, to fix as a limit. 20. 
Gain or win, as to draw a prize. 21. Delineate, 
sketch; portray. 22. Extort; wrest. 23. Re- 
quire a depth of, in order to float, said of a ves- 
sel in the water. 24. Med. Cause to suppu- 
rate. II. vi. 1. Exert a pulling force; pull. 2. 
Be attractive; attract; as the play draws well. 
3. Approach or recede, as to draw nigh or 
away. 4. Make a draft. 5. Become con- 
tracted or distorted; shrink. 6. Be susceptible 
of being hauled. 7. Practice the art of draw- 
ing; delineate. 8. Raise water from a well. 
9. Take liquor, etc., from a cask by means 
of a faucet. 10. Have a free draft; induce or 
permit the free passage of air, smoke, etc. 
11. Undergo infusion; steep. 12. Take a 
sword from its sheath. 13. Take a card out 
of a pack in playing. 14. Med. (1) Cause 
suppuration. (2) Excite inflammation, as by 
a blister or counter-irritant. 15. Naut. 
Require a depth of water for floating. [A. S. 
dragan.] 

DRAW (dra), n. 1. Act of drawing. 2. Prize 
drawn in a lottery. 3. Movable part of a 
drawbridge. 4. Tie game or contest. 

DRAWBACK (dra'bak), n. 1. Cause of loss of 
profit or advantage; disadvantage. 2. Money 
paid back or remitted; allowance; rebate. 

DRAWBRIDGE (dra'brij), 
n. Bridge which may be 
raised up, let down, or 
drawn aside. 

DRAWEE (dra-e), n. Per- 
son on whom a draft or 
bill of exchange is drawn. 

DRAWER (dra'er), n. 1. 
One who draws, as water 
from a well. 2. One who 
draws a draft or bill of 
exchange. 3. Sliding box 
or case in a bureau, desk, 




Drawbridge. 



table, etc., which 
may be drawn out or pushed back into place. 

DRAWERS (dra'erz), n.pl. Undergarment worn 
on the lower limbs. 

DRAWING (dra'ing), n. 1. Act of pulling, 
hauling, or attracting. 2. A representation of 
objects on a plane surface by means of lines 
and shades, as with a pencil, crayon, etc. 
3. Picture drawn. 4. Distribution of prizes 
in a lottery. 

DRAWING-KNIFE (dra'ing-nif),n. [pi. DRAW- 
ING-KNIVES.] Knife with a handle at each 
end, used by coopers for shaving hoops, and 
by joiners to shave off surfaces. It is drawn 
toward the user, and hence its name. 

DRAWING-ROOM (dra'ing-rom), n. 1. Room 
for the reception of company. 2. Company 
assembled in a drawing-room. 3. In England, 
the formal reception of evening company at 
a court or by persons of high station. [Abbr. 
of WITHDRAWING-ROOM.] 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DRAW-KNIFE 



413 



DREDGE 



DRAW-KNIFE. Same as DRAWING-KNIFE. 

DRAWL (dral), v. [pr.p. DRAWLING; p.t. and 
and p.p. DRAWLED (drald).] I. vt. Utter 
in a slow lengthened tone. II. vi. Speak with 
slow prolonged utterance. [Freq. of DRAW.] 

DRAWN (dran), a. 1. Resulting in victory for 
neither side; indecisive, as a drawn battle, 
game, or match. 2. Eviscerated, as a drawn 
fowl. — Drawn and quartered, disemboweled 
and cut into quarters. 

DRAW-POKER (dra-po'ker), n. Gambling 
game of cards. Called also poker. 

DRAT (dra), n. Low strong cart or wagon. 
[A.S. drcege; from dragan, draw.] 

DRATAGE (dra'aj), n. 1. Use of a dray. 2. 
Charge for the use of a dray. 

DRAY-HORSE (dra'hars), n. Horse employed 
in hauling a dray. 

DRAY3IAN (dra'man), n. [pi. DRAY'MEN.] 
Man in charge of a dray. 

DREAD (dred), v. [pr.p. DREAD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DREAD 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Regard with 
terror or great fear. 2. Regard with awe or 
reverence. II. vi. Re in a state of great fear 
or awe. [A. S. drwdan.] 

DREAD (dred), I. o. 1. Exciting or tending to 
excite great fear; inspiring terror; dreadful. 
2. Awe-inspiring. II. n. 1. Great fear or 
terror in the apprehension of evil or danger. 
2. Reverential fear; awe; reverence. 3. Per- 
son or thing dreaded. 

DREADFUL (dred'fol), a. 1. Impressing great 
fear; frightful. 2. Inspiring awe. 

SYN. Fearful; terrific; horrible; aw- 
ful; alarming; horrid. ANT. Encour- 
aging; inspiring;, assuring; promising; 
hopeful. 

DREADFULLY (dredfol-i), adv. In a dreadful 
manner. 

DREADFULNESS (dred'fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being dreadful. 

DREADLESS (dred'les), a. Fearless; bold; un- 
daunted. 

DREADNAUGHT (dred'nat), n. 1. Garment 




U. S. S. Dreadnaught "North Dakota." 
made of a thick cloth with a long pile, used 



rain. 2. Cloth of which the 
made. 3. One who fears 
[D-] Largest type of battle- 



to keep off 
garment is 
nothing. 4. 
ship. 

DREA31 (drem), n, 1. Phantasm of sleep; 
train of. thoughts or images passing through 
the mind in sleep, giving the impression of 
real experiences. 2. Something only imagi- 
nary; idle fancy; baseless anticipation. [O. 
Saxon drom, dream.] 

DREAM (drem), v. [pr.p. DREAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. DREAMED (dremd), or DREAMT (dremt).] 

1. vt. 1. Imagine in or as in a dream. 2. Waste 
or while away in idle or visionary thoughts, 
a time. II. vi. 1. Imagine things during sleep. 

2. Entertain visionary ideas. 3. Pass time in 
idle thoughts; indulge in reverie. 

DREAMER (drem'er), n. 1. One who dreams. 

2. One who forms or entertains vain schemes. 
DREAMFUL (drem'fol), a. Dreamy. 
DREAMILY (drem'i-li), adv. As if heard in a 

dream; softly; gently. 

DREAMINESS (drem'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being dreamy. 

DREAMLAND (drem'land), n. Realm of fancy 
or imagination; state of dreaming. 

DREAMLESS (drem'les), a. Free from or with- 
out dreams. 

DREAMLESSLY (drem'les-li), adv. In a dream- 
less manner. 

DREAMY (drem'i), a. 1. Full of dreams. 2. 
Appropriate to dreams. 3. Dream-like; vis- 
ionary. 

DREAR (drer), a. Dreary. (Poetical.) 

DREARY (drer'i), a. [comp. DREARIER; superl. 
DREARIEST.] 1. Dismal; gloomy. 2. Tire- 
some; monotonous; uninteresting. [A. S. 
dreorig, mournful.] 

DREDGE (drej), n. 1. Apparatus for dragging 
under water and bringing up things from the 
bottom. 2. Dragnet for taking oysters, etc. 

3. Dredging ma 
chine. 4. Kitchei 
utensils with per 
forated holes 
made in the 
topcover,used 
to sprinkle 
food with flour 
before being 
cooked. See 
DREDGER. 
[C onnected 
with DRAG.] 

DREDGE (drej), 

v. [pr.p. DREDG' 

ING; p.t. and p.p. Dredge. 

DREDGED (drejd) .] 

I. vt. 1. Take up or gather with a dredge. 2. 

Deepen with a dredging machine. II. vi. Use 

a dredge. 
DREDGE (drej), vt. [pr.p. DREDGING; p.t. 

and p.p. DREDGED (drejd).] Sprinkle or sift 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



DREDGER 



413 



DRIFTAGE 






upon, as flour on meat while roasting. [Fr. 
dragee; from Gr. tragemata, spices.] 

DREDGER (drej'er), n. 1. One who uses a 
dredge. 2. Dredging-machine. 

DREDGER (drej'er), n. Utensil for sprinkling 
flour on meat while roasting. [See DREDGE.] 

DREDGING-MACHINE (drej'ing-ma-shen), n. 
Machine used to dredge up mud, gravel, etc., 
from the bottom of harbors, canals, etc. 

DREGGINESS (dreg'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
dreggy. 

DREGGISH (dreg'ish), a. Full of dregs; dreggy. 

DREGGY (dreg'i), c. Containing dregs; muddy. 

DREGS (dregz), n.pl. 1. Impurities in liquids; 
grounds; lees; sediment. 2. Refuse or worth- 
less part of anything. [Ice. dreggjar.] 

DRENCH (drench), n. 1. Veter. Drastic liquid 
purgative. 2. Draft or drink. 3. Act of 
drenching or wetting thoroughly. [A. S. 
drenc; from drincan, drink, v.] 

DRENCH (drench), vt. [pr.p. DRENCHING; 
p.U and p.p. DRENCHED (drencht).] 1. Wet 
thoroughly; soak. 2. Saturate with drink. 

3. Veter. Purge violently. 
SYN. Wash; inundate; soak; drown. 

ANT. Drain; strain; mop; dry. 

DRENCHER (drench'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which drenches or soaks. 2. Veter. One who 
administers a drench or violent purgative. 

DRESDEN (drez'den), n. Capital of Saxony, 
on the Elbe. 

DRESS (dres), v. [pr.p. DRESSING; p.t. and p.p. 
DRESSED (drest), or DREST.] I. vt. 1. Put 
clothes on; attire; clothe. 2. Deck; array; 

t adorn. 3. Put in good order; adjust; trim. 
4. Mil. Align. 5. Prepare for use, as to 
dress leather, dress a fowl, etc. 6. Cleanse, 
apply remedies to, and cover with an antiseptic 
protection. II. vi. 1. Put on clothes. 2. Pay 
particular regard to dress. 3. Mil. Form in line. 
[O. F. dresser.] 
RESS (dres), n. 1. Covering or ornament 
of the body; clothes collectively. 2. Woman's 
or child's outer garment; gown. 3. Full dress. 

4. Style in dress. 

SYN. Clothing; habiliments; costume; 

garb; uniform. ANT. Nudity; undress; 

deshabille. 
DRESS-COAT (dres'kot), n. Fine black coat 

with cut-away skirts, worn when in full dress; 
i swallow-tailed coat. 

i DRESSER (dres'er), n. 1. 

One who or that which 

dresses. 2. Low bureau or 

toilet table fitted with a 

mirror. 3. Table on which 

meat, etc., is prepared for 

use. 4. Set of shelves or 

open cupboard for plates, 

etc. [Fr. dressoir; from L.L. 

dressorium.] 
DRESS-GOODS (dres'gods), n.pl. 




Fabrics 
making women's and misses' dresses. 



for 



DRESSINESS (dres'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
dressy. 

DRESSING (dres'ing), n. 1. Dress or clothes. 
2. Manure or fertilizer. 3. Sizing. 4. Sauce, 
etc., used in preparing a dish for the table; 
stuffing. 5. Surg. Randage, etc., applied to 
a wound or sore. 6. Arch. Ornamental mold- 
ing. 7. Flogging. (Colloq.) 

DRESSING-CASE (dres'ing-kas), n. Case of 
toilet requisites used in dressing one's self. 

DRESSING-GOWN (dres'ing-gown), n. Loose 
gown worn while dressing one's self, or in 
deshabille. 

DRESSMAKER (dres'ma-ker), n. Person who 
makes gowns or dresses for women. 

DRESSY (dres'i), a. 1. Given to showy dress. 
2. Of a stylish and showy appearance. 

DREST (drest), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of DRESS. 

DREW (dro), v. Past tense of DRAW. 

DRIB (drib), vt. [pr.p. DRIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
DRIBBED (dribd).] 1. Cut off or deduct a 
little drib of. 2. Entice gradually, or step by 
step. [Variant of DRIP.] 

DRIB (drib), n. Little bit; driblet. 

DRIBBLE (drib'l), v. [pr.p. DRIB'BLING; p.t. 
and p.p. DRIBBLED (drib Id).] I. vt. 1. Let 
fall in drops; drip. 2. Give out slowly and 
gradually. II. vi. 1. Fall in quick succession 
of drops; drip. 2. Fall or run slowly. [Dim. 
Of DRIB.] 

DRIBBLE (drib'l), vi. and n. Same as DRIVEL. 

DRIBLET, DRIBBLET (driblet), n. Small 
portion, quantity, or sum; mere drop. [Dim. 
Of DRIBBLE.] 

DRIED (drid), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of DRY. 

DRIER (dri'er), n. One who or that which dries. 

DRIER, (dri'er), DRIEST, (driest), a. Com- 
parative and superlative of DRY. 

DRIFT (drift), n. 1. Course or direction along 
which anything is driven. 2. That which is 
driven along, as by the wind, current of water 
etc. 3. Heap of any matter driven together, 
as snow. 4. Impelling or driving force. 5. 
Course, aim, or object; tendency. 6. Meaning; 
intention. 7. Shower or rain-storm. 8. Geol. 
Detritus, such as broken rock, sand, gravel, 
etc. 9. Mining. Horizontal excavation or 
passage. 10. Arch. Horizontal force which 
an arch exerts, tending to overset the piers. 
11. Naut. Leeway of a ship. 12. Slow current 
in the sea caused by the wind. [A. S. drifan, 
drive.] 

DRIFT (drift), v. [pr.p. DRIFTING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRIFT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Drive into heaps, 
as snow. 2. Drive, carry, or urge along, as by 
currents of water or air. II. vi. 1. Be driven 
into heaps. 2. Be driven or carried along 
by a current. 3. Mining. Make a drift. 

DRIFTAGE (drift'aj), n. 1. That which is 
drifted. 2. Naut. Amount of deviation from 
a ship's course due to leeway. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DRIFT-ANCHOR 



414 



DRIVE 



DRIFT-ANCHOR (drift'ang'kur), n. Naut. An- 
chor for keeping the ship's head to the wind. 

DRIFT-BOLT (driftbolt), n. Steel bolt used to 
drive out other bolts. 

DRIFT-ICE (drift'Is), n. Floating masses of ice 
drifting before the wind. 

DRIFT-NET (drift'net), n. Net kept upright in 
the water by floats above and weights below. 

DRIFT-SAIL (drift'sal), n. Naut. Sail immersed 
in the water, used for lessening the drift of a 
vessel during a storm. 

DRIFT-WAY (drift'wa), n. Mining. Passage 
cut under the earth from shaft to shaft; drift. 

DRIFT- WEED (drift'wed), n. Seaweed carried 
by the action of the sea on to a shore. 

DRIFTWOOD (drift'wod), n. Wood drifted by 
water. 

DRIFTT (drift'i), a. 1. Causing drifts. 2. Full 
of drifts. 

DRILL (dril), v. [pr.p. DRILLING; p.t. and p.p. 
DRILLED (drild).] I. vt. 1. Bore or pierce 
with, or as with, a drill. 2. Make, as a hole, 
with a drill. 3. Plant or sow, as seeds, in 
rows or drills. 4. Train by repeated exer- 
cises, as soldiers or pupils. II. vi. 1. Prac- 
tice military or similar exercises; go through 
a course of drill. 2. Sow in drills. [Dut. 
drillen, bore.] 

DRILL (dril), n. 1. 
Instrument for 
boring or pier- 
cing stone, met- 
al, or other hard 
substance. 2. 
Machine for 
planting seeds in 
rows. 3. Row of seed planted by such a ma- 
chine. 4. Act or process of training in mili- 
tary or similar exercises. 5. Thorough train- 
ing or discipline. 

DRILL (dril), n. Zool. Species of baboon 
( Cynocephalus leucophceus) of Western Africa, 
resembling the mandrill, but smaller. [Contr. 
Of MANDRILL.] 

DRILL (dril), DRILLS (drilz), n. Same as DRILL- 
ING. 

DRILL-CARTRIDGE ( dril'kar-trij ), n. Mil. 
Substitute cartridge of minor caliber to that 
used for actual service, serving for drill pur- 
poses only. 

DRILLING (dril'ing), n. Stout twilled fabric 
of linen or cotton. [Ger. drillich, ticking; from 
L. trilix, three-threaded; tres, three, and 
licium, thread.] 

DRILY (drl'li), adv. Same as DRYLY. 

DRINK (dringk), v. [pr.p. DRINKING; p.t. 
DRANK (drangk); p.p. DRUNK (drungk) or 
(rarely except adjectively) DRUNK'EN.] I. 
vt. Swallow or take into the stomach 
through the mouth; applied only to liquids. 
II. vi. 1. Swallow or take into the stomach 
through the mouth a liquid of any kind. 2. 
Take intoxicating liquor habitually or to 




Drill for planting seeds. 



excess. — Drink in. 1. Absorb readily. 2. Take 
in eagerly through the senses, as to drink in 
a person's words. — Drink off, swallow at a 
single draft. — Drink to. 1. Salute in drink- 
ing. 2. Drink the health of. — Drink up, 
swallow completely. — Drink the health of a 
person, wish well to him in the act of drink- 
ing; pledge. [A. S. drincan.] 

DRINK (dringk), n. 1. Any liquid used or suit- 
able for drinking. 2. Liquor that intoxicates, 
or excessive indulgence in it. 3. Draft; 
potion. [A. S. drinc; from drincan, drink, v.] 

DRINKABLE (dringk'a-bl), I. a. Capable of 
being used as, or suitable for, drink. II. n. 
Beverage; drink. 

DRINKABLENESS ( dringk 'a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being drinkable. 

DRINKER (dringk'er), n. One who drinks; 
drunkard; tippler. 

DRINKING (dringk'ing), I. o. 1. Suitable for 
use as a beverage. 2. Supplying means for 
quenching thirst. 3., Pertaining to or con- 
nected with the use of intoxicating drink. 
II. n. 1. Habit of drinking intoxicating liq- 
uors to excess. 2. Carousal. 

DRINKING-BOUT (dringk'ing-bowt), n. 1. 
Convivial revelry. 2. Drunken spree. 

DRINKING-FOUNTAIN (dringk'ing-f own-tin), 
n. Fountain erected in some public place to 
quench thirst. 

DRINK-OFFERING (dringk 'of -er-ing), n. Offer- 
ing of wine, etc., in religious worship. 

DRIP (drip), v. [pr.p. DRIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
DRIPPED (dript).] I. vt. Let fall in drops. 
II. vi. 1. Fall in drops. 2. Become so satu- 
rated as to let fall in drops, as a tree dripping 
with moisture. [A. S. dryppan; from dreopan, 
drop, v.] 

DRIP (drip), n. 1. A falling or letting fall in 
drops. 2. The sound made thereby. 3. That 
which falls in drops. 4. Arch. Edge of a roof; 
eaves. 

DRIP-LOOP ( drip'lop ), n. Elec. Wire loop 
used to prevent rain or other water from in- 
terfering with insulation of electrical appara- 
tus. 

DRIPPING (drip'ing), n. 1. A falling in drops. 
2. That which falls in drops ; that which drips 
from meat in roasting; commonly in the 
plural. 

DRIPPING-PAN (drip'ing-pan), n. Pan for 
receiving the fat which drips from meat in 
roasting. 

DRIP-STONE (drip'ston), n. Arch. Projecting 
tablet or molding over the heads of doorways, 
windows, etc., to throw off rain. 

DRIVE (driv), v. [pr.p. DRI'VING; p.t. DROVE 
(drov); p.p. DRIVEN (driv'n).] I. vt. 1. Force 
or urge along; impel. 2. Force to enter or 
pierce anything by pounding, as to drive a 
nail or a pile. 3. Urge forward under guid- 
ance. 4. Convey in a carriage. 5. Manage 
or regulate, as a locomotive. 6. Press, as an 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, <Aen, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DRIVE 



415 



DRONGO 



argument. 7. Compel or constrain. 8. Ne- 
gotiate, as to drive a bargain. 9. Carry on; 
prosecute; push; as to drive a business. II. 
vi. 1. Press forward with violence 2. Be 
forced along, as a ship before the wind. 3. 
Be skilled in the art of driving. 4. Manage 
the reins in driving. 5. Ride in a carriage 
or other vehicle. 6. Aim a blow. 7. Have 
as one's end or aim, as in the phrase, What 
are you driving at? [A. S. drifan.] 

SYN. Impel; push; propel; shove; thrust; 
ride; cycle. ANT. Drag; pull; haul; tow; 
attract. 

DRIVE (driv), n. 1. Act of driving. 2. Short 
ride in a carriage for pleasure or exercise. 3. 
Road for driving on; driveway. 4. Urgent 
pressure, as of business. 5. Sudden rush or 
onset. 

DRIVECAP (driv'kap), n. Mach. Ferule or 
ring of metal to protect head of tool that is 
being driven by blows from a hammer. 

DRIVEL (driv'l), vi. [pr.p. DRIVELING; p.t. 
and p.p. DRIVELED (driv Id).] 1. Drool; 
slaver. 2. Be silly; act like an idiot or dotard. 
[Variant of DRABBLE.] 

DRIVEL (driv'l), n. 1. Slaver. 2. Silly, non- 
sensical talk. 

DRIVELER (driv'1-er), n. Slaverer; dotard; 
fool. 

DRIVEN (driv'n), v. Past participle of DRIVE. 

DRIVER (dri'ver), n. 1. One who or that which 
drives. 2. Mach. That which communicates 
motion to something else, as a driving-wheel. 
3. Naut. Large sail occasionally set on the 
mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended 
over the stern by a boom. 4. Substance inter- 
posed between the driving instrument and 
the thing driven, as that used by a cooper 
in driving hoops. 5. Weaving. Piece of wood 
attached to a spindle, and situated in a box 
which impels the shuttle through the opening 
in the warp. 

DRIVEWAY (driv'wa), n. Road for driving on; 
drive. 

DRIVING (dri'ving), a. 1. Impelling. 2. Drift- 
ing. 3. Mach. Communicating power or 
force, as a driving-shaft. 

DRIVING-BAND (dri'ving-band), w. Band or 
strap which communicates motion from one 
machine, or a part of a machine, to another. 

DRIVING-SHAFT (dri'ving-shaft), n. Shaft 
from a driving-wheel communicating motion 
to machinery 

DRIVING-WHEEL (dri'ving-hwel), n. 1. Main 
wheel that communicates motion to other 
wheels. 2. One of the large wheels of a loco- 
motive to which the connecting rods of the 
engine are attached. 

DRIZZLE (driz'l), v. [pr.p. DRIZ'ZLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRIZ'ZLED.] I. vi. Rain in small drops, 
II. vi. Shed, or let fall, in fine drops. [A. S. 
dreosan, fall.] 

DRIZZLE (driz'l), n. Small, light rain. 




DRIZZLY (driz'li), a, 1. Marked by drizzling 
rain. 2. Wet with drizzling rain or spray. 

DROGUET (dro-ga), n. Ribbed woolen dress 
fabric, a variety of rep. [Fr.] 

DROIT (drwa), n. Right; duty. [Fr.] 

DROLL (drol), I. a. Odd; amusing; laughable. 
II. n. 1. Jester. 2. Farce. [Prob. from Fr. 
drole, pleasant wag.] 

SYN. Queer; amusing; funny; whim- 
sical; odd; facetious; humorous; jocular; 
merry; laughable; comic; comical; waggish; 
arch; ludicrous; diverting; farcical. ANT. 
Sad; tragic; lugubrious. 

DROLL (drol), vi. [pr.p. DROLL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. DROLLED (drold).] Practice drollery; 
jest. 

DROLLERY (drol'er-i), n. [pi. DROLLERIES.] 
Jesting; oddity; waggishnes. 

DROLLISH (drol'ish), a. Funny; waggish. 

DROMEDARY (drum'e-da-ri),n. [pi. DROME- 
DARIES] 1. Thoroughbred one-humped Ara- 
bian camel ( Camel- 
us dromedarius) . 2. 
Any one-humped 
camel. [L. L. drome" 
darius; from Gr. 
dromas (genit. droni- 
adis), running.] 

DROMOMETER (dro- 
mom'e-ter), n. De- 
vice attached to a 
moving body or machine 
[Gr. dromos, running, and METER.] 

DRONE (dron), n. 1. Male of the bee, especially 
the honey-bee, that gathers no honey. 2. An 
idler. 3. Low monotonous or humming sound. 
4. Music. Sustained bass, or instrument that 
produces it, as the bass-pipe of a bagpipe. 
[A. S. drdn, bee.] 

DRONE (dron), v. [pr.p. DRO'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRONED (drond).] I. vt. Read or repeat 
in a droning, monotonous tone. II. vi. 1. 
Make a droning, humming noise, as a bee or 
a bagpipe. 2. Live in idleness. 

DRONE-FLY (dron'fli), n. [pi. DRONE'FLIES.] 
Zool. Two-winged insect (Eristalis tenax), 
resembling the drone-bee. 

DRONE-PIPE 
(dron'pip), 
n. Pipe that 
emits a dro- 
ning sound, 
especially 
the drone of 
a bagpipe. 

DRONGO 
(drong'go), 
n. Bird re- 
sembling the 
shrike and 
found in the 
East Indies. 
Has dark plumage and a forked tail. 



Dromedary. 

to register speed. 




Drongo (Buchanga atra). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khssch in Scotch loch. 



DRONT 



416 



DROWSINESS 



DRONY (drd'ni), a. Of a droning character 
in sound. 

DROOL (drol), vi. [pr.p. DROOLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DROOLED (drold).] Drivel; slaver. [Va- 
riant of DRIVEL.] 

DROOP (drop), v. [pr.p. DROOPING; p.t. and 
p.p. DROOPED (dropt).] I. vt. Allow to sink 
or hang loosely. II. vi. 1. Sink or hang down. 

2. Grow weak or faint. 3. Re dispirited or 
dejected. 4. Decline; fail. [Ice. drupa, droop.] 

DROOP (drop), n. Drooping position. 

DROOPINGLT (droping-li), adv. In a drooping 
manner. 

DROP (drop), n. 1. Globule of liquid, as a rain- 
drop. 2. Something hanging in the form of 
a drop, as an ear-ring. 3. Very small quan- 
tity, as of liquor. 4. Anything arranged to 
drop, as a trap in the gallows scaffold, the fall 
of which allows the criminal to drop. 5. De- 
vice for lowering goods, as into a ship's hold. 
6. Small molded sweetmeat or medicament, 
as a lemon drop, cough drop, etc. 7. Fall; 
descent. 8. [pi,] Liquid medicine to be given 
in drops or minims. — To get the drop on a 
person, to draw a weapon on one before he 
can prepare to defend himself. [A. S. dropa; 
from dreopan, drop or drip.] 

DROP (drop), v. [pr.p. DROPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
DROPPED (dropt) or DROPT.] I. vt. 1. Let 
fall in drops. 2. Let fall. 3. Let go ; break off ; 
dismiss; discontinue. 4. Utter casually. 5. 
Write and send in an offhand manner. 6. Set 
down from a carriage. 7. Give birth to. 8. 
Lower. 9. Bedew. 10. Bring down or cause 
to fall, as with a firearm. (Colloq.) II. vi. 1. 
Fall into small drops. 2. Let drops fall; drip. 

3. Descend suddenly; fall. 4. Give in from 
fatigue. 5. Come to an end. 6. Die suddenly. 
— Drop astern. Naut. Pass or move toward 
the stern. — Drop in, come in casually; make 
an unexpected or informal visit. — Drop off, 
fall gently and gradually asleep. 

DROP-CURTAIN (drop'kiir-tin), n. A curtain 
suspended by pulleys, which drops in front of 
the stage between the acts in a theater. 

DROP-KICK (drop'kik), n. Football. Mode of 
kicking the ball by letting it drop from the 
hands, and kicking it as it rebounds from the 
ground. 

DROP-LETTER (drop'let-er), n. Letter mailed 
or dropped in a post-office or letter-box for 
local delivery. 

DROP-LIGHT (drop'lit), n. Appliance for pla- 
cing a gas-burner or electric light in a position 
for reading or work. 

DROP-NET (drop'net), n. Net suspended from 
a boom, to be suddenly dropped on a passing 
shoal of fish. 

DROPSICAL (drop'si-kal), a. 1. Suffering from 
or inclined to dropsy. 2. Of the nature of, 
or resembling, dropsy. 

DROPSICALNESS (drop'si-kal-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being dropsical. 



DROPSIED (drop'sid), a. Suffering from or 
affected with dropsy. 

DROPSY (drop'si), n. 1. Pathol. Morbid col- 
lection, by effusion from the blood, of water 
in any of the tissues or cavities of the body. 
2. Dot. Disease in plants caused by an excess 
of water. [Gr. hydrops; from hydor, water.] 

DROPT (dropt), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of DROP. 

DROSHKY (drosh'ki), DROSKY (dros'ki), n. 
[pi. DROSH'KIES, DROS'KIES.] 1. Low four- 
wheeled vehicle, common in Russia. 2. One- 
or two-horse European cab, plying for hire. 
[Russ. drozhki.] 

DROSOMETER (dro-som'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the quantity of dew condensed 
on the surface of a body left in the open air. 
[Gr. drosos, dew, and metron, measure.] 

DROSS (dros), n. 1. Scum or extraneous matter 
of metals, thrown off in the process of melting. 

2. Waste matter; refuse. [A. S. dros; from 
dredsan, fall.] 

DROSSINESS (dros'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being drossy. 

DROSSY (dros'i), a. Like dross; impure; foul; 
worthless. 

DROUGHT (drowt), DROUTH (drowth), n. 1. 
Long absence of rain; dryness; aridity. 2. 
Want of drink; thirst. 3. Dearth; scarcity. 
[A.S. driigath; from dryge, dry.] 

DROUGHTINESS (drowt'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being droughty. 

DROUGHTY (drowt'i), a. Characterized by or 
suffering from drought. 

DROVE (drov), v. Past tense of DRIVE. 

DROVE (drov), n. 1. Number of animals, as 
sheep, oxen, etc., driven in a body. 2. Col- 
lection of animals driving or moving forward. 

3. Crowd of people in motion. [A. S. drd; from 
drifan, drive.] 

DROVER (dro'ver), n. One whose occupation 
is to drive cattle, sheep, etc. 

DROWN (drown), v. [pr.p. DROWNING; p.t. 
and p.p. DROWNED (drownd).] I. vt. 1. Suf- 
focate in water or other liquids. 2. Over- 
whelm with or in water; flood; inundate. 3. 
Put an end to, as to drown care. 4. Over- 
whelm. II vi. Be suffocated in water or other 
liquid. [A. S. druncnian, drown; from drun- 
cen, p.p. of drincan, drink.] 

DROWNER (drown'er), n. One who or that 
which drowns. 

DROWSE (drowz), v. [pr.p. DROWS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. DROWSED (drowzd).] I. vt. Make 
heavy with sleep; stupefy. II. vi. Be sleepy 
or dull; be drowsy. [A. S. driisian, be slug- 
gish.] 

DROWSE (drowz), n. Slight or light sleep; half- 
sleeping state. 

DROWSILY (drowz'i-li), adv. In a drowsy or 
sleepy manner. 

DROWSINESS (drowzi-nes), n. Tendency to 
sleep; sleepiness. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf* mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



DROWSY 



417 



DRUNK 



DROWSY (drowz'i), a. [comp. DROWSIER; 
superl. DROWSIEST.] 1. Sleepy; heavy; dull. 
2. Inducing sleep; soporific. 

DRUB (drub), v. [pr.p. DRUBBING; p.U and 
p.p. DRUBBED (drubd).] I. vt. Beat; cudgel; 
pound; thrash. II. vi. Beat continuously on 
anything. [Ar. daraba, beat.] 

DRUB (drub), n. Blow; thump. 

DRUBBER (drub'er), n. One who drubs. 

DRUBBING (drub'ing), n. Cudgeling. 

DRUDGE (druj), v. [pr.p. DRUDGING; p.U 
and p.p. DRUDGED (drujd).] I. vt. Make a 
drudge of. II. vi. Labor toilsomely at some 
mean work; slave. [Etym. unknown. Some 
suggest Celt., as in Ir. drugaire, a drudge.] 
SYN. Labor; plod; toil. ANT. Dally; 
play; shirk. 

DRUDGE (druj), n. One who drudges, or toils 
at menial tasks. 

DRUDGERY (druj'er-i), n. [pi. DRUDGERIES.] 
Toilsome work, especially of a menial char- 
acter. 

DRUDGINGLY (druj'ing-li), adv. In a toilsome, 
drudging manner. 

DRUG (drug), n. 1. Any substance used in the 
composition of medicine. 2. Soporific. 3. 
Something for which there is no sale or de- 
mand in the market. [O. Fr. drogue; prob- 
ably from Dut. droog, dry.] 

DRUG (drug), v. [pr.p. DRUG'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRUGGED (drugd).] I. vt. 1. Mix or 
season with drugs. 2. Dose to excess. 3. 
Introduce a drug or soporific into, as to drug 
liquor. 4. Stupefy by administering a drug 
or soporific. II. vi. Prescribe or make up 
drugs or medicines. 

DRUGGET (drug'et), n. Woven and felted 
coarse woolen fabric, chiefly used for covering 
carpets. [O. Fr. droguet, dim. of drogue, drug, 
rubbish.] 

DRUGGIST (drug'ist), n. One who deals in 
drugs ; pharmacist. 

DRUG-STORE (drug'stor), n. Store where 
drugs are sold; pharmacy. 

DRUID (dro'id), n. [fern. DRU'IDESS.] Priest 
among the ancient Celts of Britain, Gaul, 
and Germany, who worshiped under oak 
trees. [Celt.; from derw, oak.] 

DRUIDIC (dro-id'ik), DRUIDICAL (dro-id'ik- 
al), a. Of or pertaining to the druids or their 
worship. 

DRUIDISM (dro'ld- 
izm), n. Doctrine 
taught, or ceremo- 
nies practiced, by 
the druids. 

DRUM (drum), n. 1. 
Martial instrument 
of music in form 
of a hollow cylin- 
der and covered at 
the ends with skin or vellum, which is 
stretched and slackened at will, played by beat- 





Drum. 



ing with drumsticks. 2. Anat. Tympanum 
or middle portion of the ear. 3. Arch. Upright 
part of a cupola. 4. MacJi. Any drum- 
shaped device, as a revolving cylinder, cylin- 
drical heat-radiator, etc. [From a Teut. root 
found in Dut. from, Ger. trommel, drum; 
probably imitative.] 

DRUM (drum), v. [pr.p. DRUMMING; p.t. and 
p.p. DRUMMED (drumd).] I. vt. 1. Beat or 
play on a drum, as to drum a tune. 2. To beat 
with the fingers, as on a table. 3. Drive or 
summon by the sound of a drum. 4. Din or 
beat into, as to drum a thing into a person's 
ears. II. vi. 1. Beat a drum. 2. Beat on any- 
thing with the fingers. 3. Solicit orders or 
trade; canvass. 4. Make a sound like that of 
a drum when beaten. — Drum out, expel, as 
from the army, with disgrace.- — Drum up, seek 
to attract and gather, as by go'ing round with a 
drum. 

DRUMBEAT (drum'bet), n. The beating of a 
drum or drums. 

DRUM-FISH (drum'flsh), n. Zool. Popular 
name for several 
species of fishes, 
especially Pogo- 
nias chromis, 
foundoffthe coast 
of Georgia and 
Florida. Named 
from the peculiar 
drumming sound Drumfish (Pogonias chromis). 
they make under water. 

DRUMHEAD (drum'hed), n. 1. Head of a 
drum. 2. Top part of a capstan. — Drumhead 
court-martial, court-martial improvised in 
time of war round an upturned drum for 
summary judgment. 

DRUM-MAJOR (drum'ma-jur), n. 1. Leader 
or instructor of a band or drum-corps. 2. In 
England, name formerly given to the chief 
drummer of a regiment, now called Serjeant- 
Drummer. 

DRUMMER (drum'er), n. 1. One who beats a 
drum. 2, Traveling salesman, or commercial 
traveler. 

DRU3IMOND-LIGHT (drum'und-lit), n. Cal- 
cium-light; lime-light. [From the inventor, 
Captain Thomas Drummond, of the British 
navy (1797-1840).] 

DRUMSTICK (drum'stik), n. 1. Stick for beat- 
ing a drum. 2. Lower part of the leg of a 
cooked fowl. 

DRUM-WHEEL (drum'hwel), n. Mach. Large 
flywheel attached to cable-drum of hoisting 
machinery. 

Past participle of DRINK 
a. 1. Intoxicated or stupe- 
inebriated. 2. Elated or 
measure. 3. Saturated; 
glutted; satiated, as drunk with slaughter. 
II. n. 1. Drunk person. 2. Case of drunken- 
ness. 3. Drunken bout; spree. 



DRUNK (drungk), v. 
DRUNK (drungk), I. 

fled with liquor; 

excited beyond 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DRUNKARD 



418 



DUALISM 



DRUNKARD (drungk'ard), n. One who habitu- 
ally drinks to excess; one who is frequently 
drunk; sot; toper. 

DRUNKEN (drungk'en), a. 1. Given to drunk- 
enness. 2. Inebriated; intoxicated; drunk. 
3. Caused by or arising from drunkenness. 

DRUNKENNESS (drungk'en-nes), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being drunk or intoxicated; inebria- 
tion; intoxication. 2. Habitual intemperance. 

DRUPACEOUS (dro-pa'shus), a. Bot. Pertain- 
ing to or bearing drupes or stone-fruits. 

DRUPE (drop), n. Bot. Fleshy fruit containing 
a stone, as the plum, peach, cherry, etc.; a 
stone-fruit. [L. drupa; from Gr. drypepes, 
ripened on the tree; from drys, tree, and pepto, 
ripen.] 

DRUPEL (dro'pel), n. Same as DRUPELET. 

DRUPELET (drop'let), n. Bot. Little drupe. 
The fruit of the raspberry is formed by the 
aggregation of drupelets. 

DRUSE (droz), n. Mining. Rock cavity lined 
with crystals. [Gr. drosos, dew.] 

DRUSY (droz'i), a. Abounding with very minute 
crystals. 

DRY (dri), a. [comp. DRIER; superl. DRI'EST.] 
1. Free from, lacking, or deficient in moisture; 
arid. 2. Without sap or juice; not green; not 
succulent. 3. Thirsty. 4. Not giving milk. 
5. Free from sweetness and fruity flavor, as 
certain wines, etc. 6. Free from rain or mist. 
7. Free from tears. 8. Uninteresting; dull; 
lifeless. 9. Quietly jocose. 10. Paint, and 
Sculpt. Sharply precise in execution, or want- 
ing a delicate contour in form. 11. Anti- 
license; favoring the prohibition of the sale 
of intoxicating liquors; free from, or having 
laws prohibiting the traffic in, intoxicating 
liquors. [A. S. dryge.] 

SYN. Parched; sterile; lifeless; stale; 
juiceless; uninteresting; tedious. ANT. 
Wet; moist; lively; fresh; juicy. 

DRY (dri), v. [pr.p. DRYING; p.t. and p.p. 
DRIED (drid).] I. vt. 1. Free from water or 
moisture. 2. Deprive of natural juice, sap, or 
greenness. 3. Drain; exhaust. II. vi. 1. Re- 
come dry. 2. Evaporate entirely. — Dry up. 

1. Deprive, or be deprived, totally of moisture. 

2. Deprive of vitality or energy. 3. Recome 
withered. 4. Cease, or cause to cease, talking. 
(Slang.) 5. Cease to flow; become stagnant, 
as a stream. 

DRYAD (dri'ad), n. Greek Myth. Wood-nymph, 
differing from a hamadryad in that the latter 
was supposed to be attached to a particular 
tree, with which it came into being, lived, and 
died. [Gr. dryas; from drys, tree.] 

DRY-CUPPING (drikup-ing^, n. Surg. Proc- 
ess of raising the blood to any portion of the 
skin by means of vacuum cups, allowing the 
blister to remain without lancing or scarifying. 

DRY-DOCK (dri'dok), n. Dock from which the 
water can be excluded after vessel enters for 
repairs. Floating dry-docks are so constructed 



that they can lift bodily out of the water the 
largest battleships. 




Floating dry-dock. 

DRYER (dri'er), n. Same as DRIER. 

DRY-GOODS (dri'godz), n.pl. Textile fabrics, 
etc., as distinguished from GROCERIES, 
HARDWARE, etc. 

DRYING (dri ing), I. a. 1. Adapted to exhaust 
moisture, as a drying wind. 2. Having the 
quality of becoming dry rapidly. II. n. Act 
or process of making or becoming dry. 

DRYING-HOUSE (driing-hows), n. Edifice con- 
structed especially for the purpose of freeing 
substances from moisture by either natural or 
artificial means. Tobacco drying-house is 
used to dry leaf tobacco before being subject 
to manufacture. 




Drying-house for tobacco. 

DRYLY (dri'li), adv. In a dry manner. 

DRYNESS (dri'nes), n. State of being dry. 

DRY-NURSE (dri'nurs), n. Nurse who rears 
and nourishes a child by artificial means; as 
by use of a nursing-bottle. 

DRY-PLATE (dri'plat), n. Phot. Sensitized 
photographic plate, with which a picture may 
be made without the preliminary use of a 
bath. 

DRY-ROT (dri'rot), n. 1. Decay of timber 
caused by fungi which reduce it to a dry, 
brittle mass. 2. Disease of potato-tubers, 
in which the central portion becomes black 
and rotten. 3. Concealed decay or degenera- 
tion. 

DRY-SHOD (dri'shod), a. Without wetting the 
shoes or feet. 

DUAD (du'ad), n. Pair of objects looked at as 
one; duality. [L. duo, two.] 

DUAL (dual), a. Consisting of two; twofold; 
binary. [L. dualis; from duo, two.] 

DUALIN (du'al-in), n. Explosive compound of 
sawdust, saltpeter, and nitroglycerine. 

DUALISM (du'al-izm), n. 1. Duality. 2- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DUALIST 



419 



DUCT 






Theory which asserts a twofoldness of being, 
or that there are two opposite and independ- 
ently existing principles which go to form 
everything, such as a principle of good and 
a principle of evil, or spirit and matter, or 
a male and a female, or yea and nay; opposed 
to MONISM. 

DUALIST (du'al-ist), n. One who believes in 
dualism. 

DUALISTIC (du-al-is'tik), a. Implying or ex- 
pressing duality. 

DUALITY (du-al'i-ti), n. State of being dual 
or double. 

DUB (dub), vt. [pr.p. DUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
DUBBED (dubd).] 1. Call; entitle; name; 
style. 2. Confer any kind of dignity, rank, 
or character upon. 3. Originally, confer 
knighthood upon by a tap of a sword on the 
shoulder. 4. Smooth with an adze. 5. Rub 
a softening and waterproof mixture into, as 
leather. [A. S. dubban, strike.] 

DUBASH (do'bash), n. Native guide and inter- 
preter in East India. [Hind.] 

DUBBER (dub'er), n. Goatskin pouch for trans- 
porting liquids in India. [Hind.] 

DUBBING (dub'ing), n. Thick oily composition, 
used for softening stiff and hard leather. 

DUBIOUS (du'bi-us), a. 1. Doubtful; unsettled; 
undetermined. 2. Wavering in mind; un- 
decided. 3. Causing doubt. 4. Of uncertain 
event or issue. 5. Open to objection; ques- 
tionable. [L. dubius; from duo, two.] 

SYN. See AMBIGUOUS, DOUBTFUL. 
►UBIOUSLY (dubi-us-li), adv. In a dubious 

manner. 
DUBIOUSNESS (du'bi-us-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being dubious. 
►UBITABLE (du'bi-ta-bl), a. Open to or ad- 
mitting of doubt; uncertain; doubtful. 
►UBITABLY (du'bi-ta-bli), adv. Doubtfully; 
uncertainly. 

DUBLIN (dub'lin), n. City, capital of Ireland, 
on Dublin Bay and Liffey River. 
•UCAL (du'kal), a. Of or pertaining to a duke. 
[L. dux (genit. duds), leader; from duco, lead.] 
»UCAT (duk'at), n. Gold coin of several coun- 
tries in Europe, of Italian origin, struck in 
the dominion of a duke, but current eventually 
over central and northern Europe, worth 
about $2.25; also a silver coin worth about 
83 cents. The first gold ducat struck at Venice 
in 1284 bore the legend "Sit tibi datus quern 
tu regis iste Ducatus" (Be this duchy, which 
thou rulest, dedicated to thee, O Christ), 
which may have helped to spread the name 
though it did not originate it. [O. Fr. ; from 
It. ducato, ducat; from ducatus, duchy.] 

DUCATOON (duk-a-ton'), n. Old silver coin 
current in Venice and elsewhere in Europe, 
worth $1.00 to $1.50. 

DUCHESS(duch'es), n. Wife or widow of a duke, 
or woman who has the sovereignty of a duchy. 

DUCHY (duch'i), n. [pi. DUCH'IES.] Territory, 




Wild Duck. 



jurisdiction, or dominions of a duke; dukedom. 
[Fr. duche; from L.L. ducatus, duchy; from 
dux, duke; from L. dux, leader.] 

DUCK (duk), n. Kind of untwilled linen or 
cotton fabric, lighter than canvas, used for 
small sails, sacking, trousers, etc. [Dut. 
doeck, linen cloth.] 

DUCK (duk), v. [pr.p. DUCK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DUCKED (dukt).] I. vt. 1. Dip, plunge, or 
thrust under water and suddenly withdraw. 
2. Lower suddenly; bob down. II. vt. 1. Dip 
or dive. 2. Lower the head suddenly. 3. Bow; 
cringe. [A. S. ducan, duck or dive.] 

DUCK (duk), n. 1. 
Zool. Member of 
any of the nu- 
merous species 
of broad-billed, 
short-legge d, 
web-footed wa- 
ter-fowl of the 
genus Awos,fam- 
ily Anatidas, in- 
cluding the mallard or common wild duck, the 
origin of the domestic species. 2. Female 
duck as distinguished from the male or 
DRAKE. 3. Act of ducking. 4. Darling; pet. 
— Lame duck, stock brokers' name for one 
unable to meet his liabilities. [A. S. duce, 
duck; from ducan, duck or dive.] 

DUCKBILL (duk'bil), n. Zool. Aquatic bur- 
rowing and egg-laying Australian mammal 
about eight- 
een inches 
long, with soft 
fur, broadly 
webbed feet, 
and depressed 
duck-like bill. 
Called also 
duckmole 9 
platypus, and 
omithorhynchus. 

DUCK-HAWK (duk'hak), n. Zool. 1. Marsh- 
harrier (Circus ceruginosus) , a hawk-like 
bird which frequents marshy places. Called 
also marsh-hawk 2. Peregrine falcon (Falco 
peregrinus), highly esteemed for hawking. 

DUCKING-STOOL (duk'ing-stol), n. Stool or 
chair in which scolds were formerly tied and 
ducked in the water as a punishment. 

DUCKLING (duk'ling), n. Young duck. 

DUCKMOLE (duk'mol), w. Same as DUCK- 
BILL. 

DUCKWEED (duk'wed), n. Bot. Plant (Lemna 
minor) growing in ditches and shallow water, 
and of which ducks are fond. 

DUCKY (duk'i), n. Pet name given to a woman. 

DUCT (dukt), n. Any tube or channel by which 
a fluid is conducted or conveyed, especially 
in the internal structures of animals and 
plants. [L. ductus, a leading, pipe; from duco, 
lead.] 




Duckbill (Omithorhynchus 
paradoxus) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, ner; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DUCTILE 



420 



DULLNESS 



DUCTILE (duk'til), a. 1. Capable of being 
drawn out into threads. 2. Easily led; yield- 
ing. [L. ductilis; from ductus, p.p. of duco, 
lead.] 

DUCTILITY (duk-til'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
ductile. 

DUD (dud), n. [pi. DUDS (dudz).] 1. Old or 
shabby garment. 2. [pi.] Personal effects. 
(Colloq.) [Sc. dud, rag.] 

DUDE (dud), ». Foppish, dandified fellow, given 
to affectation and vanity in dress and deport- 
ment. [Origin not known.] 

DUDEEN (du-den'), n. Short clay tobacco-pipe. 
tlr.] 

DUDGEON (duj'un), n. 1. Small dagger. 2. 
Half or handle of a dagger. [Etym. doubtful. 
Cf. Ger. degen, sword.] 

DUDGEON (duj'un), n. Anger; indignation; 
resentment. [Etym. doubtful; probably from 
Wei. dygen, malice.] 

DUDISH (du'dish), a. Like or characteristic 
of a dude; foppish. 

DUDISHL Y( du'dish-li) , adv. In a dudish manner. 

DUDISHNESS (du'dish-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing dudish. 

DUDS (dudz), n.p\. Personal effects. [See DUD.] 

DUE (du), a. 1. Owing and payable or demand- 
able. 2. Morally owing; that ought to be done; 
proper; becoming; appropriate. 3. Ascrib- 
able. 4. Appointed or scheduled to arrive. 
5. Regular; customary, as due process of law. 
[O. Fr. dew, p.p. of devoir; from L. debitus, 
p.p. of debeo, owe.] 

DUE (du), n. 1. That which is owed. 2. What 
one has a right to; deserts. 3. [pi.] Fees or 
taxes, as lodge dues, harbor dues, etc. 

DUE (du), adv. Directly; exactly; as, due 
south. 

DUE-BILL (du'bil), n. Brief written acknowl- 
edgment of indebtedness. 

DUEL (du'el), n. 1. Combat between two per- 
sons, prearranged, and fought under fixed 
conditions. 2. Any fight or struggle between 
two parties. [It. duello; from L. duellum 
(original form of helium), war; from duo, two.] 

DUELING (du'el-ing), n. Act or practice of 
fighting duels. 

DUELIST (du'el-ist), n. One who fights duels 
or promotes dueling. 

DUELLO (du-el'6), n. Code which regulates 
dueling. [It. duello, duel.] 

DUENNA (du-en'a), n. Elderly woman kept to 
guard younger ones; governess or guardian 
of a young woman. [Sp. duena, a form of 
dona, mistress; from L. dotnina, fern, of dotni- 
nus, lord.] 

DUESSELDORF (diis'sel-dorf), n. Town in 
Rhenish Prussia, on the Rhine. 

DUET Cdu-et'), n. Music. Composition for two 
voices or instruments. [It. duetto; from duo, 
two; from L. duo, two.] 

DUFFEL (duf'l), n. Thick coarse woolen cloth 
with a thick nap. [Duffel, town nearAntwerp.] 




DUFFER (duf'er), n. 1. Dull, plodding person. 
2. Dull old fellow; old fogy. [Probably a 
substantive use of Ice. daufr, dull, deaf.] 

DUG (dug), v. Past tense and past participle of 
DIG. 

DUG (dug), n. Teat or nipple of the udder of a 
cow or other beast. [Cf. Dan. ddgge, suckle.] 

DUGONG (do'gang), n. 
Zool. Herb-eating 
whale, from eight to 
twenty feet long, 
found in Indian seas. 
Called also sea-cow. 
[Malay, duyong.] 

DUGOUT (dug'owt), n. Dugong {Halicore d )# 

1. Boat made by hol- 
lowing out the trunk of a tree. 2. Rude 
dwelling cut in the side of a hill or bank. 

DUKE (duk), n. [fern. DUCHESS.] 1. In Great 
Britain, a peer of the highest rank; member 
of the order of nobility next below that of 
prince. 2. On the Continent, a sovereign 
prince. 3. Originally, a leader; chief; com- 
mander; prince. [O. Fr. due; from L. dux, 
ducis, leader; from duco, lead.] 

DUKED03I (duk'dum), n. Title, rank, or do- 
minion of a duke. 

DULCET (dul'set), a. 1. Pleasant to the ear; 
melodious. 2. Pleasant or agreeable to the 
mind. 3. Formerly, sweet or agreeable to the 
taste. [L. dulcis, sweet.] 

DULCIMER (dul'si-mer), n. 1. 3Iusical instru- 
ment, with strings of wire, played upon with 
two padded hammers. 2. Musical instrument 
used by the ancients, especially the Jews, 
somewhat resembling a bagpipe. [Sp. dul- 
cemele; from L. dulce melos, sweet song; from 
dulcis, sweet, and melos — Gr. melos, song.] 

DULCINEA (dul-sin'e-a), n. Sweetheart. [From 
Dulcinea del Toboso, the name given by Don 
Quixote to the mistress of his imagination.] 

DULCITE (dul'sit), n. Chem. Sweetened alco- 
hol obtained from fermented beet root. 

DULL (dul), a. 1. Slow of understanding; 
stupid; doltish. 2. Without energy or spirit; 
heavy; sluggish. 3. Without sensibility. 4. 
Wanting keenness; blunt; obtuse. 5. Sad; 
depressed; gloomy. 6. Uninteresting, as a 
dull book. 7. Not bright or clear; clouded; 
dim. [A.S. dol, dull, stupid; from dwelan, err.] 

SYN. Stolid; insensible; callous; heavy; 
dismal; dark. ANT. Sharp; clever; lively; 
animated; exhilarating; bright. 

DULL (dul), v. [pr.p. DULLING; p.t. and p.p. 
DULLED (duld).] I. vt. 1. Make dull or 
stupid. 2. Render less acute; blunt. 3. Ren- 
der less violent; damp. 4. Make dim; cloud; 
tarnish; obscure. II. vi. Become dull. 

DULLARD (dul'ard), n. Dull and stupid per- 
son; dunce; dolt. 

DULLISH (dul'ish), a. Somewhat dull. 

DULLNESS, DULNESS (dul'nes), n. State or 
quality of being dull. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut 3 burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



DULLY 



421 



•DUXNITj 



DULLY (dul'i), adv. 1. In a dull or stupid 
manner. 2. Slowly; sluggishly; without life 
or energy. 

DULOCRACY (do-lok'ra-si), n. State of gov- 
ernment maintained by bondsmen or slaves. 

DULSE (duls), n. Bot. Edible seaweed ( Bhody- 
menia palmala), with red, deeply divided 
fronds. [Gael, duileasg; from duille, leaf, and 
uisage, water.] 

DULY (du'li), adv. 1. In due, fit, or proper 
manner; fitly; properly. 2. At the proper 
time; when due. 

DUMA (do'ma), n. Same as DOUMA. 

DUMB (dum), a. 1. Without the power of 
speech. 2. Not speaking or sounding; silent; 
mute. 3. Having no well-defined symptoms; 
latent; as, dumb chill, dumb ague. [A. S.] 

DUMB-BELL (dum'bel), n. Double-headed 
weight to be swung in the hand for exer- 
cise. 

DUMBFOUND (dum'fownd), vt. [pr.p. DUMB'- 
FOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. DUMB FOUNDED.] 
Same as DUMFOUND. 

DUMBLY (dum'li), adv. Without words; in 
silence; silently; mutely. 

DUMBNESS (dum'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being dumb. 

DUMB-SHOW (dum'sho), n. Gesture without 
words; pantomime. 

DUMB-WAITER ( dum'wat-er ), n. »Iovable 
platform used for conveying food, dishes, 
etc., from one story of a house to another. 

DUMFOUND (dum'fownd), vt. [pr.p. DUM- 
FOUNDING; p.t. and p.p. DUMFOUND'ED.] 
Strike dumb; confuse greatly; astonish. 

DUMMY (dum'i), n. [pi. DUMMIES.] 1. One 
who is dumb. 2. Mere tool of another; man 
of straw. 3. Lay-figure, as a clothier's 
dummy. 4. Fraudulent substitute; sham. 5. 
Dumb-waiter. 6. Stage performer without 
any speaking part. 7. Hatter's pressing iron. 
8. Cards. Fourth exposed hand when three 
persons only are playing at whist. [From 
DUMB.] 

DUMMY (dum'i), a. 1. Dumb; silent; mute. 2. 
Bogus; counterfeit; sham. 

DUMMY-CAR (dum'i-kar), n. Passenger-car 
having an engine and boiler in an end com- 
partment. 

DUMP (dump), v. [pr.p. DUMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. DUMPED (dumpt).] I. vt. Unload, by 
tipping or tilling; throw into a heap. II. vi. 
Sit down heavily and suddenly. [Cf. Dan. 
dumpe, fall plump.] 

DUMP (dump), n. 1. Place for dumping loads, 
especially of rubbish. 2. Matter dumped; 
dump pile. 

DUMP (dump), n. Dullness or gloominess of 
mind. Now used only in the plural. See 
DUMPS. [Cf. O. Dut. domp, mist; Ger. dumpf, 
gloomy.] 

DUMPINESS (dump'i-nes), n. State of being 
dumpy. 



DUMPISH (dump'ish), a. Depressed in spirits; 
morose. 

DUMPISHLY (dump'ish-li), adv. In a dumpish 
manner. 

DUMPISHNESS (dump'ish-nes), n. Quality of 
being dumpish. 

DUMPLING (dump'ling), n. Mass of dough, 
with or without fruit included, usually cooked 
by boiling. [From DUMPY.] 

DUMPS (dumps), n.pl. Dejection or depression 
of spirits; moroseness; melancholy; blues. 
[Cf. Ger. dumpf, gloomy. See DUMP.] 

DUMPY (dump'i), a. Short and thick; stocky. 
[From a provincial form DUMP, clumsy piece.] 

DUN (dun), v. [pr.p. DUN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
DUNNED (dund).] I. vt. 1. Ask or demand 
payment from; press persistently for the pay- 
ment of a debt. II. vi. Make a demand, or 
repeated demands, for payment of a debt. 
[Ice. duna, din.] 

DUN (dun), n. 1. Demand for payment. 2. 
One who duns. 

DUN (dun), a. Of a dark-brown color. [A. S.] 

DUN (dun), v. [pr.p. DUN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
DUNNED (dund).] I. vt. 1. Make dun- 
colored. 2. Cure and brown, as cod. II. vi. 
Become dun-colored. 

DUN (dun), n. Mound or hill; fortified eminence. 
[A. S. dun.] 

DUNCE (duns), n. One slow in learning; stupid 
person; dullard; dolt. [John Duns Scotus 
(died in 1308), a schoolman, who at the 
revival of letters, opposed the study of the 
classics, and whose followers, from him, were 
called Dunses.] 

DUNDEE (dun-de'), n. City, Forfarshire, Scot- 
land, on Tay River. 

DUNDERHEAD (dun'der-hed), n. Stupid per- 
son; blockhead. 

DUNDERPATE (dun'der-pat), n. Same as 
D UNDERHE AD. 

DUNE (dun), n. Low hill of sand on the sea- 
shore. [Earlier form of DOWN, hill.] 

DUNFISH (dun'fish), n. Codfish cured by 
dunning. See DUN (make dun-colored). 

DUNG (dung), n. Excrement of animals. [A. S.] 

DUNGEON (dun'jun), n. 1. Close, dark place 
of confinement, usually underground. 2. 
Donjon. [O. Fr. donjon, strong central tower 
in ancient castles, to which the garrison re- 
treated when hard pressed.] 

DUNGHLL(dung'- 
hil), I. a. Of or 
from the dung- 
hill; low; base; vile. 
II. n. Heap of dung 
or manure. 

Dunkirk (dun'kerk), 

n. Seaport, in France, 

on strait of Dover. 
DUNLIN (dun'lin), n. Dunlin (Pelidnajmcifica). 

Zool. Red-backed sandpiper. 
DUNNITE (dun'it), n. High explosive recently 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



DUO 



422 



DURIAN 



invented by Major Dunn of the ordnance 
corps, U. S. A., said to be more powerful and 
destructive than any other explosive ever in- 
vented. 

DUO (du'6), n. Music. Duet. [It., from L. duo, 
two.] 

DUODECENNIAL (du-6-de-sen'i-al), a. 1. Re- 
curring every twelve years. 2. Consisting of 
twelve years. [L. duodecim, twelve, and annus, 
year.] 

DUODECIMAL (du-6-des'i-mal), I. a. Proceed- 
ing in computation by twelves. II. n. pi. 
Method of calculating the area of a rectangle 
when the length and breadth are stated in 
feet and inches. [L. duodecim, twelve; from 
duo, two, and decern, ten.] 

DUODECIMO (du-6-des'i-md), I. n. [pi. DUO- 
DECIMOS (du-6-des'i-moz).] 1. Book formed 
of sheets folded so as to make twelve leaves 
of each sheet. Usually written 12mo (twelv'- 
mo). 2. Book-page thus formed, in size about 
5|- x 7| inches. 3. Print. Form of twelve 
pages. 4. Music. Interval of a twelfth. II. 
a. Having or consisting of twelve leaves to a 
sheet or form. [L. duodecim, twelve.] 

DUODENAL (du-6-de'nal), a. Pertaining to the 
duodenum. 

DUODENARY (du-6-den'a-ri), a. Relating to 
twelve; twelvefold. 

DUODENUM (du-6-de'num), n. [pi. DUO- 
DE'NA.] Anat. First portion of the small 
intestines, so called because about twelve 
finger breadths in length. [L. duodeni, twelve 
each.] 

DUPABLE (du'pa-bl), o. Capable of being 
easily duped; gullible. 

DUPE (dup), n. One who is deceived or misled. 
[Fr. dupe, dupe.] 

DUPE (dup), vt. [pr.p. DU'PING; p.U and p.p. 
DUPED (dupt).] Impose upon; deceive; mis- 
lead; outwit; gull. 

DUPEABLE (dup'a-bl), a. Same as DUPABLE. 

DUPLE (du'pl), a. Double; twofold. [L. duplus.] 

DUPLEX (du'pleks), a. 1. Double; twofold. — 
Duplex escapement, watch escapement so 
called from the double character of its scape- 
wheel, which has spur and crown teeth. — 
Duplex telegraphy, system of telegraphy 
whereby two messages can be simultaneously 
transmitted in opposite directions over a single 
wire. [L.; from duo, two, and plico, fold.] 

DUPLICATE (dupli-kat), v. [pr.p. DUPLICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DUPLICATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Make an exact copy of; obtain or furnish a 
second of the same kind as, or another corre- 
sponding to (the first.) 2. Biol. Divide into 
two, either by natural growth or spontaneously. 
II. vi. Make a thing or do an act exactly like 
a preceding one. [L. duplico (p.p. duplicatus) ; 
from duo, two, and plico, fold.] 

DUPLICATE (du'pli-kat), I. a. 1. Double; 
twofold. 2. Corresponding exactly with an- 
other; made in duplicate. 3. Branching into 



two. II. n. 1. Another object exactly like the 
first; either of two things exactly alike; copy; 
counterpart; transcript. 2. Law. Document 
corresponding with another and differing from 
a copy only in having all the validity of the 
original; as, the duplicate of a lease, etc. 

DUPLICATION (du-pli-ka'shun), n. Act of 
duplicating, or state of being duplicated. 

DUPLICATIVE (du'pli-ka-tiv), a. Having the 
power of duplicating, especially by division. 

DUPLICATURE (dupli-ka-tur), n. A doubling; 
anything doubled; the fold of a membrane. 

DUPLICITY (du-plis'i-ti), n. [pi. DUPLICITIES 
(du-plis'i-tiz).] 1. Act of dissembling one's real 
opinions with a design of misleading; double- 
dealing. 2. Law. The pleading of two or 
more distinct matters, or causes of action, in 
one count. 

SYN. Deception; deceit; dissimulation; 
imposition. ANT. Fairness; frankness; 
openness; sincerity; veracity; honesty. 

DUPLIGRAPH (du'pli-graf), n. Apparatus for 
reproducing typewritten and other letters 
and documents. 

DURA (du'ra), n. Same as DURBA. 

DURABILITY (du-ra-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being durable. 

DURABLE (du'ra-bl), a. Able to last or endure; 
hardy; enduring; lasting. 

DURABLENESS (du'ra-bl-nes), w. Quality of 
being durable; durability. 

DURABLY (du'ra-bli), adv. In a durable, last- 
ing, or enduring manner. 

DURA MATER (du'ra ma'ter). Anat. Exterior 
membrane of the brain and spinal column 
distinguished from the two others, the arach- 
noid and the pia mater. [L., hard mother.] 

DURAMEN (du-ra'men), n. Dot. Inner and 
fully ripened wood of exogenous trees. [L., 
hardness.] 

DURANCE (du'rans), «. Imprisonment; con- 
finement; duress. [O. Fr. ; from L. duro, en- 
dure.] 

DURANT (du'rant), n. Strong cloth in imitation 
of buff-leather. 

DURATION (du-ra'shun), n. 1. Continuance 
in time. 2. Power of continuance. 3. Time 
indefinitely. [L. duro (p.p. duratus), endure, 
last.] 

DURESS (du'res or du-res'), n. 1. Constraint; 
compulsion. 2. Law. Constraint, physical 
or moral, exercised to force a person to do 
some act, as to execute a deed or commit 
an offense. In such cases the act is invalid and 
excusable. [O. Fr. duresse; from L. durus, 
hard.] 

DURHAM (dur'am), n. One of a particular 
breed of shorthorned cattle. [Durham county, 
England.] 

DURIAN (do'ri-an), n. Lofty East Indian and 
Malayan fruit-tree, of the genus Durio, with 
leaves resembling those of the cherry, and 
large bunches of pale yellow flowers; or its 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh-ch in Scotch loch. 



DU 



423 



DWARFISH 






large edible fruit known for its pungent dis- 
agreeable odor though highly succulent and 
savory flavor to the palate. [Malay, dur- 
yon.] 

DURING (du'ring), prep. In the time or through- 
out the course or existence of. [Originally 
pr p. of now obsolete DURE, endure, last.] 

DuRIO (do'ri-o), n. Bot. Genus of trees, of 
which there is but one species, the durian 
(Durio Zibethinus). 

DURRA (dur'a), n. Bot. East Indian millet 
(Sorghum vulgar e) . 

DURST (durst), v. Past tense of DARE. 

DUSK (dusk), n. 1. A tendency to darkness; 
twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color; 
swarthiness. [A. S. dox, dose, dark.] 

DUSKILY (dusk'i-li), a. With a tendency to 
darkness. 

DUSKINESS (dusk'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
dusky. 

DUSKISH (dusk'ish), a. Somewhat dusky; 
slightly dark. 

DUSKY (dusk'i), a. [comp. DUSKIER; superl. 
DUSK'IEST.] 1. Somewhat dark. 2. Dark- 
colored. 3. Intellectually clouded. 4. Sad; 
gloomy. 

DUST (dust), n. 1. Earth or other matter re- 
duced to powder. 2. Cloud of powdery par- 
ticles. 3. The grave, where the body becomes 
dust. 4. Mean condition. 5. Bot. Pollen 
of the anther. 6. Gold-dust; hence money. 
[A. S. dust.] 

DUST (dust), vt. [pr.p. DUST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
DUST'ED.] 1. Rrush, or wipe dust from. 
2. Sprinkle with dust. 

DUSTRRUSH (dust'brush), n. Light brush for 
removing dust. 

DUSTER (dust'er), n. 1. One who dusts. 2. 
Cloth or brush for removing dust. 3. Light 
coat or covering to protect from dust. 

DUSTINESS (dust'i-nes), n. State of being dusty. 

DUSTMAN (dust'man), n. [pi. DUST'MEN.] 
Garbage-man. 

DUSTPAN (dust'pan), n. Shovel-like pan for 
taking up dust swept from the floor. 

DUSTY (dust'i), a. 1. Covered or sprinkled 
with dust. 2. Like dust. 

Dutch (duch), i. a. of 

or pertaining to Holland 
and its people. II. n. 

1. The Dutch people, or 
inhabitants of Holland. 

2. Language spoken in 
Holland. [Ger. deutsch, 
(literally) belonging to the 

people.] 

Dutchman (duch'man), 

n. [pi. DUTCH'MEN.] 
Native of Holland, a 
kingdom of N. W. Europe ; 
Hollander. 

DuTCHMAN'S-RREECHES (ducVmanz-brich- 
ez), n. Bot. 1. Plant. (Blcer^ra ciicullaria), 




Rembrandt vanRyn, 
Dutch painter. Born 
1607— died 1669. 



bearing broadly spreading two-spurred flowers. 
2. Flower of this plant, so-called from the 
shape of the flowers. 

DuTCHMAN'S-PIPE (duch'manz-pip), n. Bot. 
Climbing plant (Aristolochia Sipho) with broad 
handsome foliage. 

DUTEOUS (du'te-us), a. Devoted to duty; 
obedient; dutiful. 

DUTEOUSLY (du'te-us-li), adv. In a duteous 
or obedient manner. 

DUTEOUSNESS (du'te-us-nes), n. Quality of 
being duteous; obedience. 

DUTIARLE (du'ti-a-bl), a. Subject to custom 
duty or impost. 

DUTIFUL (du'ti-fQl), a. 1. Attentive to duty. 
2. Respectful. 3. Expressive of a sense of 
duty. 

DUTIFULLY (du'ti-fol-i), adv. In a dutiful 
manner. 

DUTIFULNESS (du'ti-fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being dutiful. 

DUTY (du'ti), n. [pi. DU'TIES.] 1. That which 
a person is bound, by any natural or moral ob- 
ligation to do, perform or pay. 2. Forbear- 
ance of that which is forbidden by morality, 
law, justice or propriety. 3. Obedience; sub- 
mission. 4. Act of reverence or respect. 5. 
Tax, toll, impost, customs, or excise. 6. Any 
obligatory service, especially of a soldier or 
marine. 7. One's proper business. [Formed 
from DUE.] 

DUTY-PROOF (du'ti-prof), a. Qualification by 
official stamp of goods that have passed 
custom house in China and have become 
immune from further taxation for duty in any 
part of the Chinese Empire. 

DUUMVIR (du-um'ver), n. [pi. DUUMVIRI 
(du-um'vi-rl).] One of two officers or magis- 
trates united in the same public functions, as 
in ancient Rome. [L. ; from duo, two, and vir, 
man.] 

DUU3IVIRAL (du-um'vi-ral), a. Pertaining to 
the duumviri or duumvirate of Rome. 

DUUMVIRATE (du-um'vi-rat), n. 1. The union 
of two in the same office. 2. Government of 
two men thus associated. 

DUVET (du-va'), n. Quilt stuffed with eider- 
down or swan's-down. [Fr.] 

DWALE (dwal), n. 1. Bot. Deadly nightshade 
(Atropa belladonna). 2. Stupefying drink. 
[Ice. dvbl, dvall, delay, sleep.] 

DWARF (dwarf), n. Person, animal, or plant 
that is much below the ordinary height; 
pygmy; runt. [A. S. dweorh.] 

DWARF (dwarf), a. Diminutive. — Dwarf tree, 
tree dwarfed by artificial means. 

DWARF (dwarf), v. [pr.p. DWARFING; p.t. 
and p.p. DWARFED (dwarf t).] I. vt. 1. Hinder 
from growing to the natural size. 2. Make 
to appear small by comparison. II. vi. Grow 
stunted. 

DWARFISH (dwarfish), a. 1. Stunted like a 
dwarf. 2. Despicable; petty. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch yude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



DWARFISHLY 



424 



DYNAMO GENE SIS 



DWARFISHLT (dwarf ish-li), adv. In the 

manner of a dwarf. 
DWARFISHNESS (dwarf'ish-nes), n. Smallness 

of stature or size. 
DWELL (dwel), vi. [pr.p. DWELLING; p.t. and 
p.p. DWELT or DWELLED (dweld).] 1. Be a 
resident or inhabitant; reside. 2. Continue 
fixed in attention. 3. Continue long. [A. S. 
dwcllan, cause to wander, delay; from dwal 
or dol, the original of Eng. DULL.] 

SYN. Abide; stay; stop; tarry; linger; 
live. ANT. Move; travel; remove; migrate; 
hasten; roam. 

DWELLER (dwel'er), n. Inhabitant; resident. 

DWELLING (dwel'ing), n. House used as a 
residence; abode; dwelling-house. 

DWELLING-HOUSE (dwel'ing-hows), n. Dwell- 
ing, or house used for abode, in contradistinc- 
tion to a place of business, office, etc. 

DWELT (dwelt), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of DWELL. 

DWINDLE (dwin'dl), vi. [pr.p. DWIN'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. DWINDLED (dwin'dld).] 1. Grow 
less; waste away; diminish. 2. Become de- 
generate; decline. [A. S. dwinan, fade.] 

DYAD (di'ad), n. 1. Chem. Atom, radical, or 
element having a combining power of two 
units. 2. Biol. Secondary unit of organization 
consisting of an aggregate of monads. [Gr. 
dyas (genit. dyados), the number two.] 

DYAK (di'ak), n. Malay 
name for one of a race 
that constitutes the bulk 
of the original population 
of Borneo, divided into 
innumerable tribes, dif- 
fering widely in language, 
customs, and degrees of 
savageness. Also written 
day ok. 

DYE (di), v. [pr.p. DYEING; 
p.t. and p.p. DYED 
(did).] I. vt. 1. Impreg- 
nate with coloring matter, as textile fabrics. 
2. Stain, as wood. II. vi. 1. Practice the 
operation of dyeing. 2. Take color in the 
process of dyeing. [A. S. dedgan, dye.] 

DYE (di), n. 1. Coloring matter used in dyeing. 
2. Color produced by dyeing; stain; tinge. 

DYEHOUSE (di'hows), n. Building in which 
dyeing is carried on. 

DYEING (di'ing), n. Act or practice of dyeing; 
art or business of the dyer. 

DYER(di'er), n. One who dyes, or whose trade 
is to dye cloth, etc. 

DYER'S-BROOM (di'erz-brom), n. European 
shrubby plant {Genista tinctoria), thoroughly 
naturalized in some parts of North America — 
used to make a green dye. 

DYESTUFF (di'stuf), n. Coloring matter used 
for dyeing purposes. 

DYING (di'ing), v. Present participle of DIE. 

DYING (di'ing), a. 1. At the point of death; 




Dyak. 



about to die; expiring. 2. Destined to die; 
mortal. 3. Drawing to an end; fading away. 
4. Given, uttered, or manifested just before 
death. — Dying declaration, in law, the dec- 
laration made by a person convinced of his 
impending death, and who does not expect to 
survive the trial of the accused. 

DYKE, (dik), n. Same as DIKE. 

DYNA-, DYNAMO-, prefix. Denoting power. 
[Gr. dynamis, power.] 

DYNAM (di'nam), n. Unit of work, which is 
the force adequate to raise one pound weight 
through one foot in one second of time. [Gr. 
dynamis, power.] 

DYNAMAGNITE (di-na-mag'nit), w. Kind of 
dynamite blasting powder. 

DYNAMETER (di-nam'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for determining the magnifying power of 
telescopes. [Gr. dynamis, power, and metron, 
measure.] 

DYNAMETRICAL (di-na-met'rik-al), a. Per- 
taining to a dynameter 

DYNAMIC (di-nam'ik), DYNAMICAL (di-nam'- 
ik-al), a. Pertaining to the action, or the effect 
of the action, of force or dynamics. 

DYNAMICALLY (dl-nam'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
dynamic manner. 

DYNAMICS (di-nam'iks), n. 1. Physics. That 
department of mechanics which treats of the 
action of force, both as producing rest and 
producing motion. 2. Popularly, kinetics. 
3. Music. Branch of musical science which 
treats of degrees of force in tones. [Gr. 
dynamis, force.] 

DYNAMIS3I (di'na-mizm), n. Doctrine that all 
substance involves force. 

DYNAMITE (di'na-mit), n. Powerful explosive 
agent, consisting of absorbent matter, as 
porous silica, saturated with nitroglycerine. 
[Gr. dynamis, power.] 

DYNAMITE (di'na-mit), vt. [pr.p. DY'N AMI- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. DYNAMITED.] 1. De- 
stroy with dynamite. 2. Charge with dyna- 
mite. 

DYNAMITER (di'na-mi-ter), n. One who unlaw- 
fully uses dynamite to destroy property or life. 

DYNA3IO-, prefix. Same 
as DYNA-. 

DYNAMO (di'na-mo), w. 
[pi. DYNAMOS (di'na- 
moz) .] Short for dynamo- 
electric generator, a ma- 
chine for generating elec- 
tric currents by the con- 
version of motive power 
into electricity. 

DYNAMO-ELECTRIC (di'na-mo-e-lek-trik), a. 
Pertaining to the production of electric cur- 
rents by mechanical power, or mechanical 
power by electric currents. — Dynamo-electric 
generator. See DYNAMO. 

DYNAMOGENESIS (di-na-mo-jen'e-sis), n. 
Psychol. Doctrine that every change of con- 




Alternating-current 
dynamo. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ^ 



DYNAMOGRAPH 



425 



DZO 



sciousness results in a corresponding change 
in muscular movement or expression, [DY- 
NAMO- and GENESIS.] 
DYNAMOGRAPH (di-nam'o-graf), n. 1. Re- 
cording dynamometer. 2. Instrument for 
marking the degree of compression of an 
elliptic spring. [Gr. dynamis, power, and 
suffix -GRAPH.] 
DYNAMOMETER (di-na-mom'e-ter), n. In- 
strument for measuring power expended or 
force exerted, as by a machine or a horse in 
doing work. [Gr. dynamis, power, and suffix 
-METER.] 
DYN4MOMETRIC (di-na-mo-met'rik), DYNA- 
MOMETRICAL (di-na-mo-met'rik-al), a. Of 
or pertaining to a dynamometer, or the meas- 
uring of power or force. 
DYNAMOMETRY (di-na-mom'e-tri), n. Art or 
process of measuring force or power, as by 
means of a dynamometer. 
DYNAMOPHONE (di-nam'o-fon), n. A music- 
producing apparatus consisting of a number 
of dynamos, all of different frequencies, pro- 
ducing tones of different pitch, and manipu- 
lated by a keyboard like that of a piano. 
DYNASTIC, (di-nas'tik), D YNASTICAL (di-nas'- 

tik-al), a. Of or pertaining to a dynasty. 
DYNASTY (di'nas-ti), n. [pi. DY'NASTIES.] 1. 
Succession of sovereigns of the same family 
who rule over a particular, country. 2. Period 
during which sovereigns of the same line or 
family reign. [Gr. dynasteia; from dynamai, 
be able.] 
DYNE (din), n. Force which in one second 
can impart a velocity of a centimeter per 
second to a mass of one gram. [Gr. dynamis, 
power.] 
DYS-, prefix. Inseparable prefix, denoting ill, 
bad, unlucky, hard, etc. [Gr. dys-, hard, bad. ] 
DYSEMIA, DYSEMIA( dis-e'mi-a), n. Pathol. 
Vitiated condition of the blood. [Gr. dys-, 
bad, and haima, blood.] 
DYSESTHESIA (dis-es-the'si-a), n. Pathol. 
Impaired sensation; partial insensibility. 
[Gr. dys-, hard, and aisthesis, perception by 
the senses; from aisthanomia, feel.] 
DYSCRASIA (dis-kra'si-a), n. Pathol. Altered 
condition of the blood and fluids of the system, 
leading to constitutional diseases, as dropsy, 
cancer, etc. [Gr. dys-, bad, and krasis, mix- 
ture.] 
DYSENTERIC (dis-en-ter'ik), DYSENTERICAL 
(dis-en-ter'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to dysen- 
tery. 2. Accompanied with, proceeding from, 
or afflicted with, dysentery. 
DYSENTERY (dis'en-ter-i), n. Pathol. In- 
flammation of the descending portion of the 
large intestine, attended by fever with dis- 
charges from the bowels, chiefly of blood and 
mucus, or other morbid matter, accompanied 
with griping and followed by tenesmus. 
[Gr. dysenteria; from dys-, bad, and enteron, 
intestine.] 



DYSMENORRHEA, DYSMENORRHEA (dis- 
men-or-re'a), n. Difficult or painful men- 
struation. [Gr. dys-, hard, men, month, and 
rhoia, a flowing.] 

DYSODILE (dis'o-dil), n. Kind of greenish- 
gray coal, which burns with an offensive odor. 
[Gr. dys-, bad, and ozo, smell.] 

DYSOREXY (dis'o-reks-i), n. Pathol. Bad or 
depraved appetite. [Gr. dys-, bad, and orexis, 
appetite.] 

DYSPEPSIA (dis-pep'si-a),D YSPEPSY(dis-pep'- 
si), n. Pathol. Difficult or painful digestion; 
indigestion, especially chronic. [Gr. dyspepsia; 
from dys-, bad, and pepto, cook.] 

DYSPEPTIC (dis-peptic), DYSPEPTICAL (dis- 
pep'tik-al), a. Pertaining to, arising from, or 
afflicted with, dyspepsia or indigestion. 

DYSPEPTIC (dis-pep'tik), n. Person afflicted 
with dyspepsia. 

DYSPHONIA (dis-fo'ni-a), DYSPHONY (dis'- 
fo-ni), n. Pathol. A difficulty of speaking, 
occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs 
of speech. [Gr. dys-, bad, and phone, sound.] 

DYSPNOEA (disp-ne'a), n. Pathol. Difficulty of 
breathing. [Gr. dys-, hard, and pneo, breath.] 

DYSTELEOLOGY (dis-tel-e-ol'o-ji), n. Philos. 
Doctrine of purposelessness, or denial of 
"final causes"; opposed to TELEOLOGY. 
[Gr. dys-, bad, telos (genit. teleos), purpose, 
and logos, word, discourse.] 

DYSTHETIC (dis-thet'ik), a. Pathol. Pertain- 
ing to a morbid state of the blood-vessels, or 
to a bad habit of the body. [Gr. dys-, bad, 
and thetos, placed.] 

DYSTHYMIC (dis-thim'ik), a. Pathol. Depressed 
in mind; desponding. [Gr. dys-, bad, and 
thymos, mind.] 

DYSTOMIC (dis-tom'ik), DYSTOMOUS (dis'to- 
mus), a. Min. Having an imperfect frac- 
ture. [Gr. dys-, bad, and tome, a cutting.] 

DZEREN (dze'ren), DZERON (dze'run), n. 
Mongolian antelope (Procapra gutturosa), 
inhabiting the deserts of Central Asia, Tibet, 
and China. [Mongolian name.] 

DZIGGETAI (dzig'- 
e-ti), n. Zool. A 
kind of wild ass 
found throughout 
Asia generally, but 
especially in Ara- 
bia. It is the only 
one of the asinine 
species that bears 
a close resem- 
blance to a horse; 
and its distinctive feature is a 
stripe extending along the spine. 

DZO (dzo), n. [pi. DZOS (dzoz) ; collective OZO.] 
Hybrid animal resulting from crossing the 
water-buffalo cow with the yak. The male 
is used for plowing, and the female is said to 
give more milk than any other of the bovine 
race. [Tibetan.] 




Dziggetai (Equus hemionus). 
wide, black 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



426 



EARLY 




& 



e (§), n. [pi. E'S (ez).] Fifth 
letter and second vowel in 
the English alphabet. It has 
three principal sounds, the 
first long (e), as in be, the 
second short (e), as in met, 
and the third (e), a modifica- 
tion of short e, caused by its 
being followed by r, as in her. 
And then there is the sound of long a modi- 
fled by r, as in there (thar). Sometimes its 
sound drops out altogether, as in given (giv'n). 
As a final letter, it usually is silent, but it 
serves to lengthen the sound of the preceding 
vowel, as in cane, fine, plume. After c and g, 
the final e serves to indicate that these let- 
ters are to be pronounced soft, or c like s 
and g like j, as in mace and rage. 

E-, prefix. Used in place of EX- before conso- 
nants, signifying from, out, out of, away from, 
and also denoting privation. [L. e~, ex-; from 
ex, out, from.] 

EACH (ech), a. or a. pron. Every one, individ- 
ually and severally, of any number or aggre- 
gate of persons or things. [A. S. mlc] 

EACLES (e'a-klez), n. Large yellow and purple 
moth of South America. [Etym. doubtful.] 

EAGER (e'ger), a. 1. Excited by ardent desire to 
attain, obtain, or succeed in anything. 2. 
Impetuous; earnest; vehement. [O. Fr. aigre; 
from L. acer, acris, sharp.] 

STN. Zealous; strenuous; anxious; im- 
patient; greedy; ardent; longing; yearning; 
fervent; glowing; hot. ANT. Indifferent; 
unsolicitous; sluggish; cool. 

EAGER, EAGRE (e'ger), n. Tidal flood which 
rushes with great violence up the estuaries of 
certain rivers; tide swelling above another 
tide, as in the Severn, in England. [Etym. 
dub.; Skeat suggests A. S. edgor-, in edgor- 
stredm, ocean-stream, and Ice. ccgir, ocean.] 

EAGERLY (e'ger-li), adv. In an eager manner. 

EAGERNESS (e'ger-nes), n. Ardent desire; zeal; 
ardor; fervor; avidity. 

EAGLE (e'gl), n. 1. Zool. Large 
rapacious bird, of the family 
Falconidai and subfamily Aqui- 
Unce, of which there are several 
genera and numerous species. 
The type genus Aquila includes 
the golden eagle (Aquila chrys- 
wtos) of Europe and America. 
In the genus Halimtus are the 
fishing or sea eagles, the best 
known and largest of which is (Halicetusleu- 
the bald or white-headed eagle co.cephalus) . 
which has been adopted as the emblematic 
device of the United States. 2. Gold coin of 
the United States of the value of S10. 3. Mili- 
tary standard bearing the image of an eagle. 
4. [E-] Astron. The constellation Aquila, in 
the northern hemisphere, containing the 
bright star Altair. [Fr. aigle; from L. aquila.] 



<£$% 




Bald eagle 




Left human 
ear. 

1. Tragus. 2. Anti- 
tragus. 3. Lobe. 4. 
Helix. 5. Antihelix. 
6. Fossa of the An- 
tihelix. 7. Concha. 



EAGLE-EYED (e'gl-id), a. Having a piercing 

eye; discerning. 
EAGLET (e'glet), n. Young eagle. 
EAGRE (e'ger), n. Same as EAGER. 
EALDORMAN (el'dur-man), n. Among the 

Anglo-Saxons originally a leader or chieftain; 

afterwards the governor of a shire. [A. S. 

ealdor, chief, and man, man.] 
EAR (er), n. Spike or head, as of wheat. [A. S. 

car.] 
EAR (er), vi. [pr.p. EAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

EARED (erd).] Put forth ears, as wheat. 
EAR (er), n. 1. The organ of 

hearing, in man and other 

mammals divided into three 

parts: (1) the external ear or 

auricle; (2) the middle ear, or 

tympanum or drum; (3) the 

internal ear, or labyrinth. 

Sound collected by the auricle 

sets the tympanum vibrating, 

and the vibrations are trans- 
mitted by the labyrinth to the 

internal ear, where the fibers 

of the auditory nerve receive 

them and send them to the 

brain. 2. Sense of hearing. 

3. Faculty of discriminating 

sounds; power of judging of 

harmony. 4. Favorable hearing; heed; regard. 

5. Anything resembling the external ear, as 

the ears of a jar. [A. S. edre.] 
EARACHE (er'ak), n. Ache or pain in the ear. 
E ARBOR (er'bob), n. Earring; eardrop. 
EAR-CAP (er'kap), n. Cloth or fur covering 

used to protect ears in cold weather; ear-muff. 
EARDROP (er'drop), n. Ornamental pendant 

for the ear; earbob; earring. 
EARDRUM (er'drum), n. Anat. Drum or mid- 
dle cavity of the ear; tympanum. 
EARED (erd), a. Having ears. 
EARING (er'ing), n. Naut. Rope which lashes 

the upper corner of a sail to its yard. 
EARL (erl), n. [fern. COUNT'ESS.] British noble- 
man, the third in rank, being next below a 

marquis, and next above a viscount. [A. S. 

eorl, nobleman, earl.] 
EAR-LAP (er'lap), n. 1. Tip of the ear. 2. Ear- 
tab. 
EARLD03I (erl'dum), n. Dominion or dignity 

of an earl. 
EARLESS (cr'les), a. Devoid or destitute of ears. 
EAR-LIFTER (er'lif-ter;, n. Device on harvest- 
ing machinery to lift falling grain from the 

ground so it can be cut. 
EARLINESS (er'li-nes), n. State of being early. 
EARL-MARSHAL (erl'mar-shal), n. English 

officer of state, president of the Herald's 

College. 
EARLOCK (er'lok), n. Lock or curl of hair worn 

on the cheek near the ear; lovelock. 
EARLY (er'li), a. [comp. EAR'LDSR; superl. 

EAR'LIEST.] 1. Being in advance, as corn- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burU; 
U=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EARLY 



427 



EARTHY 



pared with something else, as an early crop. 
2. Coming before or in advance of the usual 
time. 3. Occurring toward, in, or near the 
beginning. [A. S. cerlice; from cer, before.] 
EARLY (er'li), adv. At or near the beginning 
of a particular time or period. 

SYN. Soon; betimes; promptly; before- 
hand. ANT. Late; tardily; behindhand. 

EARMARK (er'mark), n. 1. Distinguishing or 
distinctive mark, as the owner's mark on the 
ear of a sheep; mark of identification. 2. 
Any distinguishing feature. 

EAR-MUFF (er'muf), n. One of a pair of small 
adjustable coverings to protect the ears in 
cold weather. 

EARN (era), vt. [pr.p. EARN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
EARNED (ernd).] 1. Gain by labor; become 
entitled to as a recompense for work done. 
2. Merit or deserve as the result of any action 
or course of conduct. [A. S. earnian, earn.] 
SYN. Win; gain; realize; merit; deserve. 
ANT. Lose; squander; waste; spend; forfeit. 

EARN (era), n. Same as ERN, eagle. [A. S.] 

EARNEST (er'nest), I. a. 1. Ardent or zealous 
in the performance of any act or the pursuit of 
any object. 2. Intent; fixed; eager. 3. Serious; 
important; grave. II. n. Seriousness; reality. 
[A. S. eornest, seriousness.] 
SYN. See EAGER. 

EARNEST (er'nest), n. 1. Pledge or assurance 
of something more to come. 3. Earnest- 
money. [Wei. ernes, pledge.] 

EARNESTLY (er'nest-li), adv. In an earnest 
manner. 

EARNEST-MONEY (er'nest-mun-i), n. Money 
given by a buyer to a seller as a token or pledge 
to bind the bargain. 

EARNESTNESS (er'nest-nes), n. State of being 
earnest or in earnest. 

EAR-NET (er'net), n. Fly and insect protector 
of network used to cover horses' ears. 

EARNING (ern'ing), n. 1. Act of gaining recom- 
pense for labor or services performed. 2. [pi.] 
That which is earned; profits; wages. 

EAR-PIERCING (er'per-sing), a. Shrill; scream- 
ing. 

EARRING (er'ring), n. Pendant or other orna- 
ment worn at the ear by means of a ring or 
fillet passing through the lobe. 

EAR-SCREW (er'skro), n. Ornament used in 
lieu of earring and screwed fast to lobe of ear. 

EAR-SHELL (er'shel), <n. Flattened univalve 
shell, resembling the ear in form; abalone. 

EARSHOT (er'shot), n. Distance at which a 
sound can be heard. 

EARTH (erth),n. 1. Astron. Third planet in order 
from the sun; globe on which we dwell, gen- 
erally termed the earth, and written with- 
out a capital initial. 2. [e-] Solid portion of 
the globe; ground. 3. [e-] Soil of any kind, 
as distinguished from rock. 4. [e-] Inhabi- 
tants of the earth. 5. [e-] This world as op- 
posed to other scenes of existence. 6. [e-] Dis- 



tinct part of the globe; district; region. 7. [e-] 
Burrow, as of a fox. 8. le-] Metallic oxide, as 
alumina. 9. Elec. [e-] (1) Fault in a telegraph or 
other conducting line caused by the accidental 
contact of the line with the ground, or with 
some other ground-connected conductor. (2) 
That part of the earth or ground which forms 
a part of an electric circuit. [A. S. eorthe.] 

EARTH (erth), v. [pr.p. EARTHING; p.t. and 
p.p. EARTHED ( ertht).] I. vt. 1. Bury or 
hide in the earth. 2. Drive into the earth. 
3. Elec. Connect with the earth; ground. 
II. vi. 1. Burrow. 2. Retire underground. 

EARTH-BATH (erth'bath), n. Same as MUD- 
BATH. 

EARTH-BORN (erth'barn), a. 1. Born of or on 
the earth. 2. Relating to or arising from 
earthly considerations; belonging to this 
world. 3. Of mean birth; low-born. 

EARTHEN (erth'n), a. Made of earth or clay. 

EARTHENWARE (erth'n- war), n. Crockery. 

EARTH-INDUCTOR (erth'in-duk-tur), n. Elec. 
Spiral coil of wire used in connection with a 
galvanometer to ascertain effect of induction 
of the earth on electrical instruments. 

EARTHINESS (erth'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
earthy; grossness. 

EARTHLINESS (erth'Ii-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing earthly, or of the earth. 

EARTHLING (erth'ling), n. Dweller on the 
earth; mortal; worldling. 

EARTHLY ( erth'li ), a. 1. Belonging to the 
earth. 2. Pertaining to this life; carnal, as 
opposed to spiritual. 3. Conceivable; imagi- 
nable; possible; as, no earthly reason. (Colloq.) 

EARTHNUT (erth'nut), n. 1. Popular name for 
certain tuberous roots growing underground. 
2. Peanut. 3. Truffle. 

EARTH-PLATE (erth 'plat), n. Elec. Slab of 
metal connected by wire with any magnetic 
or electrical apparatus and buried in the earth 
to form ground-connection. 

EARTHQUAKE (erth'kwak), n. Quaking, vi- 
bratory, undulating, or other movement of 
a portion of the earth's crust. 

EARTH-SHINE (erth'shin), n. Light reflected 
from the earth by which we see that part of 
the new moon which is not lit up by the 
sun. 

EARTHWARD (erth'ward), adv. Toward the 
earth. 

EARTH WIRE (erth'wlr), n. Elec. Wire used 
to connect active electrical apparatus with 
earth-plates so that interfering currents may 
be avoided. 

EARTHWORK (erth'wurk), n. Fortification of 
earth. 

EARTHWORM (erth'wurm), n. 1. Angleworm 
(Lumbricus terrestris). 2. Mean, sordid, 
worldly-minded person. 

EARTHY (erth'i), a. 1. Consisting of, relating 
to, or resembling, earth. 2. Inhabiting the 
earth. 3. Gross; unrefined; coarse; low. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



EAR-TRUMPET 



428 



EBB 



Fit 



EAR-TRUMPET (er'trump-et), n. Trumpet- 
shaped tube to aid in hearing. 

EARWAX (er'waks), n. Cerumen, a waxy sub- 
stance secreted by the glands of the ear into 
the outer passages. 

EARWIG (er'wig), n. Entom. Insect (Forfi- 
cula auricularis) , which has been erroneously 
supposed to creep into the human brain 
through the ear. [A. S. edrwicga; edre, ear, and 
wicga, worm.] 

EASE (ez), n. 1. State of rest or quietness; 
repose; tranquillity; comfort. 2. Freedom 
from anxiety or solicitude. 3. Freedom from 
constraint or diffidence. 4. Readiness; fa- 
cility. [O. Fr. aise.] 

EASE (ez), vt. [pr.p. EAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
EASED (ezd).] 1. Give relief or rest to; re- 
lieve. 2. Make easier or lighter; lighten. 3. 
Assuage; alleviate; allay. 

EASEFUL (ez'fol), a. 1. Ease-giving. 2. 
for rest; quiet. 

EASEL, (e'zl), n. Frame on 
which painters support their 
pictures while painting them; 
used also as a support for pic- 
tures, etc., on exhibition. [Dut. 
ezel.} 

EASEMENT (ez'ment), n. 1. 
That which affords ease or re- 
lief. 2. Law. Any privilege 
or convenience which one per- 
son has in or over the lands of 
another, as a way or a water- 
course. 

EASILY (ez'i-li), adv. In an easy manner; read- 
ily; gently. 

EASINESS (ez'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
easy, or at ease. 

EAST (est), n. I. The Orient. 2. [e-] One of the 
four cardinal points of the compass; point at 
which the sun rises at the equinox. 3. [e-] 
That portion of the horizon at or toward the 
point where the sun rises. 4. [e-] Any region 
or portion of country lying to the eastward. 
[A. S. east; akin to Gr. eos, the dawn.] 

EAST (est), a. 1. Being or situated at the east; 
eastern. 2. Coming from the east. 

EAST (est), adv. Toward the east; in an easterly 
direction; eastward. 

EASTER (est'er), n. 1. Annual Christian festival 
commemorating the resurrection of Christ, 
held on the Sunday after Good Friday. 2. 
Easter Sunday, the day on which the festival 
is observed. Easter is a movable festival, 
and may be as early as March 22, and as late 
as April 25. — Easter eggs, stained eggs of 
various colors, given as presents at Easter. — 
Eastertide, the season of Easter. [A. S. easier; 
from Edstre, a goddess whose festival was 
observed by the ancient Saxons early in the 
spring, in celebration of the resurrection of 
nature.] 

EASTERLY (est'er-li), I. a. 1. Situated, direct- 




ed, or looking toward the east; eastward. 2. 
Coming from the east. II. adv. 1. Toward 
or in the direction of the east. 2. In the east. 

EASTERN (est'grn), a. 1. Of or pertaining to, 
or situated in, the East; Oriental. 2. [e-] 
Moving eastward. 3. [e-] Looking toward 
the east; easterly. 

EAST INDIES (est in'diz). India, Indo-China, 
and Malay Archipelago. 

EASTRE (es'tre), n. A. S. Myth. Goddess of 
light and spring. [See OSTERA.] 

EAST RlVER (est riv'er). Strait joining Long 
Island Sound to New York Bay. 

EASTWARD (est'ward), I. a. Directed or ex- 
tended toward the east. II. adv. Toward 
the east. 

EASY (ez'i), a. [comp. EAS'IER; superl. EAS'- 
IEST.] 1. At ease. 2. Free from pain. 3. Tran- 
quil. 4. Unconstrained. 5. Giving ease. 6. Not 
difficult. 7. Yielding. 8. Not straitened (in 
circumstances). 9. Not tight, as money. 10. 
Not strict, as in "easy virtue." 11. Credulous; 
gullible. (Colloq.) 

S YN. Quiet ; calm ; comfortable ; manage- 
able; facile; lenient; unconcerned. ANT. 
Uneasy; disturbed; uncomfortable; diffi- 
cult; unmanageable; embarrassed. 

EASY (ez'i), adv. Easily; as, he took things easy. 
(Colloq.) 

EASY-CHAIR (ez'i-char), n. Arm-chair for 
ease or rest. 

EASY-GOING (ez'i-go-ing), a. Taking things in 
an easy manner; good-natured; unconcerned. 

EAT (et), v. [pr.p. EATING; p.t. ATE (at) ; p.p. 
EATEN (et'n).] I. vt. 1. Chew and swallow, 
as food. 2. Corrode or gnaw away; consume. 
3. Take back or retract, as to make one eat 
his words. II. vi. 1. Take food; feed. 2. 
Gnaw; corrode. 3. Taste ; as, it eats dryly. 
SYN. Gorge; gobble. ANT. Disgorge; 
vomit. 

EATABLE (et'a-bl), I. a. Fit to be eaten. II. 
n. Anything used as food (used chiefly in the 
plural) . 

EATER (et'er), n. One who or that which eats. 

EATING-HOUSE (et'ing-hows), n. Restaurant ^ 

EAU (6), n. [pi. EAUX (oz).] French word f ." 
water, used in English in various combina- 
tions, as eau de cologne (see COLOGNE), eau 
de vie, brandy. [L. aqua, water.] 

EAVES (evz), n.pl. Projecting edge of the roof 
of a building. [A. S. efse, clipped edge of 
thatch.] 

EAVESDROP (evz'drop), vi. [pr.p. EAVES'- 
DROPPING; p.t. and p.p. EAVESDROPPED 
(evz'dropt).] 1. Stand under the eaves or near 
the windows of a house to listen. 2. Listen 
for secrets. 

EAVESDROPPER (evz'drop-er), n. One who 
tries to overhear private conversation. 

EBB (eb), vi. [pr.p. EBBING; p.t. and p.p. 
EBBED (ebd).] 1. Flow back toward the sea, 
as the tide. 2. Recede; decline. — Ebb and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



EBB 



439 



ECHIDNA 







Ebony. 
Drunk; intoxicated. 



flow, rise and fall, increase and decline. [A. S. 

ebban, ebb.] 
EBB (eb), n. 1. The going back or retiring of 

the tide. 2. A falling back; decline. [A. S. 

ebba ; from the verb ebban, ebb.] 
EBB-TIDE (eb'tid), n. Ebbing or retiring tide. 
EBOE-TREE (e'bo-tre), n. Bot. Oil-bean tree 

of Nicaragua, Central America (JDipteryx 

oliefera). 
EBON (eb'un), a. 1. Made of ebony. 2. Black 

as- ebony. 
EBONIST (eb'un-ist), n. Worker in ebony. 
EBONITE (eb'un-lt), n. Vulcanite. 
EBONIZE (eb'un-iz), vt. [pr.p. EB'ONIZING; 

p.t. and p.p. EBONIZED (eb'un-lzd).] Make, 

as furniture, look like ebony. 
EBONY (eb'un-i), n. [pi. EB'ONIES.] Kind of 

wood almost as 

heavy and hard as 

stone, usually black, 

admitting of a fine 

polish. [Gr. ebonos; 

from Heb. eben, 

stone.] 
EBRIETY (e-bri'e-ti), 

n. Drunkenness. [Fr. 

ebriete; from L. ebri- 

etas; from ebrius, 

drunken.] 
EBRIOUS (e'bri-us), «. 

1. Addicted to drink. 2. 
EBULLIENCE (e-bul'yens), EBULLIENCY (e- 

bul 'yen-si), n. A boiling over. 
EBULLIENT (e-bul'yent), a. 1. Boiling over. 

2. Agitated; enthusiastic. [L. ebulliens, pr.p. 
of ebullio, boil up.] 

EBULLITION (eb-ul-ish'un), n. 1. Action of 
boiling. 2. Effervescence. 3. Sudden burst- 
ing forth; outburst. 

EBURNA (e-bfir'na), n. Conch. Large deep-sea 
mollusk, indigenous to China, with a shell-like 
ivory (Eburnus spirata). [L. eburnus, of ivory.] 

EBURNATION (e-bur-na'shun), n. Pathol. 
Disease in the bones, in which there is an 
abnormal deposition of osseous matter, chiefly 
in the joints. [L. eburnus, of ivory — ebur, 
ivory.] 

EBURNEAN (e-biir'ne-an), a. Of or like ivory; 
made of ivory. 

EC-, prefix. From; out of. [Gr. eh-, out of.] 

ECARTE (a-kar-ta'), n. Game of cards for 
two, played with the thirty-two highest cards, 
one feature being the right to discard or throw 
out certain cards for others. [Fr.; from e, 
out, and carte, card.] 

ECBASIS (ek-ba'sis), n. Bhet. Figure in which 
the speaker treats of things according to their 
consequences. [Gr.; from eh, out, and baino, 
go.] 

ECBATIC (ek-bat'ik), a. Relating to a result, is- 
sue, or consequence; opposed to TELIC, which 
denotes purpose or intention. 

ECCENTRIC (ek-sen'trik), a. 1. Deviating or 



departing from the center. 2. Not having 
the same center as another, said of circles. 
3. Not revolving around the center. 4. De- 
viating from established forms or rules. 5. 
Odd; anomalous; whimsical. [Gr. eh, out of, 
and henlron, center.] 
ECCENTRIC (ek-sen'trik), n. 1. Astron. Circle 
described about the center of an elliptical 
orbit, with half the major axis for radius. 
2. Contrivance for taking an alternating 
rectilinear motion from a revolving shaft, as 
a wheel with its axis not in its center. 3. Ec- 
centric person. 




Eccentric. 

ECCENTRICITY (ek-sen-tris'i-ti), n. 1. State 
of being eccentric. 2. Astron. Distance of 
center of planet's orbit from center of sun. 

ECCLESIA (ek-kle'zi-a), n. Popular assembly, 
especially of Athens, where the people exer- 
cised full sovereignty, and all above twenty 
years could vote; applied by the Septuagint 
commentators to the Jewish commonwealth, 
and from them to the Christian church. [Gr. 
ehhlesia; eh, out, and haleo, call.] 

ECCLESIASTIC (ek-kle-zi-as'tik), n. One con- 
secrated to the church; priest; clergyman. 
[Gr. ehhlesia, popular assembly; church. See 
ECCLESIA.] 

ECCLESIASTIC (ek-kle-zi-as'tik), a. Same as 
ECCLESIASTICAL. 

ECCLESIASTICAL (ek-kle-zi-as'ti-kal), a. Of 
or pertaining to the church. 

ECCLESIASTICISM (ek-kle-zi-as'ti-sizm), n. 1. 
Attachment to ecclesiastical observances, 
privileges and views. 2. Ecclesiastical govern- 
ment or authority. 

ECCRINOLOGY (ek-ri-nol'o-ji), n. Branch of 
physiology relating to the excretions. [Gr. 
ehhrino, excrete, and suffix -OLOGY] 

ECDEMIC (ek-dem'ik), a. Med. Having origin 
in some distant locality, as disease; opposed 
to ENDEMIC. [Gr. ehdemos, foreign.] 

ECDYSIS (ek'di-sis), n. [pi. ECDYSES (ek'di- 
sez).] Act of casting off an integument, as 
in serpents. [Gr., a getting out; from ehdyo, 
strip off.] 

ECHELON (esh'e-lon), n. 1. Mil. An arrange- 
ment of troops in battalions or divisions placed 
parallel to one another, but no two on the 
same alignment, each having its front clear 
of that in advance. 2. Naval. Arrangement of 
vessels in a wedge-like form towards the 
enemy. [Fr. ; from echelle, ladder or stair.] 

ECHIDNA (e-kid'na), n. Zool. Genus of Aus- 
tralian toothless burrowing mammals, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u-u iu Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



E CHIN ATE 



430 



ECUADOR 






armed with porcupine-like spines, laying eggs 
instead of bringing forth the young. [Formed 
from Gr. echidna, viper.] 

ECHINATE (ek'i-nat), a. Prickly like a hedge- 
hog. [Gr. echinos, hedgehog.] 

ECHINITE (e-ki'nit), n. Fossil sea-urchin. 

ECHINODERM (e-ki'no-derm), n. Zool. One 
of the Echinodermata; a radiate animal hav- 
ing an opaque, leathery, or crustaceous skin, 
with tubercles or even movable spines, as the 
starfish, sea-urchin, etc. [Gr. echinos, hedge- 
hog, and derma, skin.] 

Echinodermata (ek-i-no-derm'a-ta), n.pi. 

Zool. Division of the animal kingdom em- 
bracing the echinoderms. 

ECHINOID (e-ki'noid), I. a. Of, pertaining to, 
or like, the echinoderms. II. n. One of the 
Echinoidea. 

ECHINOIDEA (ek-i-noi'de-a), n.pl. Zool. An 
order of the division Echinodermata, inclu- 
ding the sea-urchins. [Gr. echinos, sea-urchin, 
and eidos, form.] 

ECHINUS (e-ki'nus), n. [pi. ECHINI (e-ki'ni).] 

1. Arch. Convex projecting molding of eccen- 
tric curve in Greek examples, supporting the 
abacus of the Doric capital. 2. Zool. Sea- 
urchin. 3. Zool. Hedgehog. [L.; from Gr. 
echinos, hedgehog.] 

ECHO (ek'6), n. [pi. ECHOES (ek'oz).] 1. Sound 
reflected or reverberated from an opposing 
surface; re-percussion or repetition of sound. 

2. Repetition, or close imitation of another's 
words or thoughts. 3. Arch. Vault or arch 
for redoubling sounds. 4. Music. Repetition 
of a melodic phrase. [L.; from Gr. echo, 
echo.] 

ECHO (ek'6), n. Greek Myth. A nymph who fell 
in love with Narcissus; when he died, or as 
some say, because she was slighted, she pined 
away from grief and died also, preserving 
nothing but her voice, which repeats every 
sound that reaches her. 

ECHO (ek'6), v. [pr.p. ECH'OING; p.t. and p.p. 
ECHOED (ek'od).] I. vt. 1. Reflect the 
sound of. 2. Repeat or imitate, as thoughts 
or utterance. II. vi. 1. Reflect sound. 2. 
Be sounded back. 3. Resound. 

ECHOIST (ek'6-ist), n. One who repeats like 
an echo. 

ECHOLESS (ek'6-les), a. Giving no echo; un- 
responsive. 

ECHOMETER (e-kom'e-ter), n. Music. In- 
strument for measuring the length of sounds 
with the intervals and ratios. [Gr. echo, 
sound, and suffix -METER.] 

ECLAIR (a-klar'), n. Cake filled with a cream 
and frosted. [Fr.] 

ECLAT (a-kla'), n. Striking effect; sensation. 
[Fr., outburst.] 

ECLECTIC (ek-lek'tik), I. a. Electing; choos- 
ing. II. n. One who selects parts of different 
systems, especially in medicine. [Gr., from ek, 
out, and lego, choose.] 




Eclipse of the Sun. 



ECLECTICISM (ek-lek'ti-sizm), n. The practice 
of an eclectic. 

ECLIPSE (e- 
klips'), vt. [pr.p, 
ECLIPSING? 
p. t. and p. p. 
ECLIPSED (e- 
klipst').] 1. 
Cause to suffer 
eclipse; darken; 
obscure; hide. 2. Figuratively, throw into the 
shade; dim the brightness of; surpass. [Gr. 
ekleipo, fail; from ek, out, and leipo, leave.] 

ECLIPSE (e-klips'), n. 1. Astron. Obscuration 
of the light of the sun, moon, or other lumi- 
nous body, by the intervention of some other 
body. 2. Any obscuration. 

ECONOMIC (ek-o-nom'ik), a. 1. Relating to 
economics. 2. Pertaining to or managing 
with economy; economical. [L. wconomicus; 
from Gr. oikonomikos. See ECONOMY.] 

ECONOMICAL (ek-o-nom'ik-al), a. 1. Provi- 
dent in management; saving. 2. Managed 
with care and frugality. 3. Pertaining to 
economics; economic. 

ECONOMICALLY (ek-o-nom'ik-al-i), adv. In 
an economical manner. 

ECONOMICS (ek-o-nom'iks), n. 1. Science of 
household management. 2. Political economy. 

ECONOMIST (e-kon'o-mist), n. 1. One who is ec- 
onomical. 2. One versed in political economy. 

ECONOMIZE (e-kon'o-miz), v. [pr.p. ECONO- 
MIZING; p.t. and p.p. ECONOMIZED (e-kon'- 
o-mizd).] I. vt. Use economically; husband. 
II. vi. Manage with economy; be saving. 

ECONOMY (e-kon'o-mi), n. 1. Management of 
household affairs, especially financial. 2. 
Frugal use of means. [Gr. oikonomia; from 
oikos, house, and nomos, rule.] 

SYN. Administration; management; dis- 
pensation; rule; arrangement; husbanding; 
frugality; parsimony; prudence; saving; 
scrimping; sparing; thrift. ANT. Maladmin- 
istration; mismanagement; waste; mis- 
rule; prodigality; improvidence. 

ECRU (a-kro'), a. Light buff; cream-color, like 
unbleached silk. 

ECSTASY (ek'sta-si), n. [pi. ECSTASIES.] 
1. Excessive elevation and absorption of 
mind ; rapture. 2. Pathol. Species of cata- 
lepsy, when the person remembers, after the 
paroxysm is over, the ideas he had during 
the fit. [Gr. ekstasis, derangement, being be- 
side oneself; ek, out, and histemi, place.] 

ECSTATIC (ek-stat'ik), ECSTATICAL (ek- 
stat'ik-al), a. 1. Causing ecstasy. 2. Proceed- 
ing from ecstasy; rapturous. 

EcTOZOA (ek-to-zo'a), n.pl. External para- 
sites in general. [L.L. — Gr. ektos, outside, 
and zoon, animal.] 

ECUADOR (ek'wa-dor, or Sp. a-kwa-dor'), n. 
Republics. America, on equator. Area 118,625 
sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,' 1 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh-ch in Scotch loch. 






ECUADORAN 



431 



EDULCORATE 




General Leonid as 
Plaza, president of 
Ecuador from 1901 
to 1905. 









ECUADORAN (ek-wa-do'ran), n. Native or in* 

habitant of Ecuador. 
ECUMENIC (ek-u-men'ik), 

ECUMENICAL (ek-u- 

men'ik-al), a. Belonging 

to the whole inhabited 

world; general. 
ECZEMA (ek'ze-ma), n. 

Eruptive disease of the 

skin; salt rheum; tetter. 

[Gr. eh, out, and zed, boil.] 
EDDA (ed'a), n. Book of 

Scandinavian mythology. 
EDDY(ed'i),n.[i>Z.ED'DIES.] 

I. Current of water or air 
running contrary to the 
main stream. 2. Whirlpool; whirlwind. 

EDDY (ed'i), vi. [pr.p. EDDYING; p.t. and p.p. 
EDDIED (ed'id).] Movein whirls. [Ice. id, back.] 

EDELWEISS (a'del- 
vls), n. Small com- 
posite plant with 
pretty white flower, 
found growing in 
damp places at con- 
siderable altitudes 
(5000-7000 feet) 
throughout the 
Alps. [Ger. edel, no- 
ble, weiss, white.] 

EDEN(e'den),n. Gar- 
den where Adam 
and Eve lived; par- 
adise. [Heb. pleas- 
ure.] 

EDENTATE (e-den'- 

tat), EDENTATED (e-den'ta-ted), a. 1. With- 
out teeth. 2. Wanting front teeth. [L. e, 
out, and dens, tooth.] 

EDGE (ej), n. 1. Border; brink. 2. Cutting side 
of an instrument. 3. Keenness. 

EDGE (ej), v. [pr.p. EDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
EDGED (ejd).] I. vt. 1. Sharpen. 2. Place 
a border on. 3. Urge on. 4. Move by little 
and little. II. vi. 1. Move sideways. 2. Sail 
close to the wind. [A. S. ecg; Ger. ecke.] 

EDGED (ejd), a. Having an edge; sharp. 

EDGEWISE (ej'wiz), I. a. Having the edge 
directed forward. II. adv. In the direction 
of the edge. 

EDGING (ej'ing), n. 1. Border or fringe. 2. 
Act of giving an edge to. 

EDGY (ej'i), a. 1. Having an edge; sharp. 2. 
Easily provoked. 

EDIBLE (ed'i-bl), I. a. Fit for food; eatable. 

II. n. Anything fit for food; an eatable. [L. 
edibilus; from edo, eat.] 

EDIBLENESS (ed'i-bl-nes), n. Quality of being 

edible. 
EDICT (e'dikt), n. Public decree; command. 

[L. e, out, and dico, speak.] 

SYN. Proclamation; order; statute. See 

DECREE. 




Edelweiss (Leorilopodium 
alpinurn). 



EDIFICATION (ed-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. In- 
struction. 2. Development, especially re- 
ligious. 

EDIFICE (ed'i-fis), n. Building. 

EDIFY (ed'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. ED'DJYING; p.t. and 
p.p. EDD7IED (ed'i-fid).] 1. Build up. 2. 
Improve; teach. [Fr. edifier; L. cedes, house, 
and facio, make.] 

EDILE, yEDILE (e'dil), n. Magistrate in ancient 
Rome who had the charge of public buildings, 
games, etc. [L. cedilis; from cedes, build- 
ing.] 

EDINBURGH (ed'in-bur-o), n. Capital of Scot- 
land, S. of Firth of Forth. 

EDIT (ed'it), vt. [pr.p. EDIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ED'ITED.] Superintend the publication of; 
prepare for publication. [L. editus, p.p. of 
edo, give out; from e, out, and do, give.] 

EDITION (e-dish'un), n. 1. Publication of a 
book. 2. Number of copies of a book printed 
at a time. [L. e, out, and do, give.] 

EDITOR (ed'i-tiir), w. One who edits a book 
or journal. 

EDITORIAL (ed-i-to'ri-al), I. a. Of, pertaining 
to, or written by, an editor. II. n. Article 
written by the editor. 

EDITORSHIP (ed'i-tur-ship), n. Offlce, busi- 
ness, or duties of an editor. 

EDUCATE (ed'u-kat), vt. [pr.p. ED'UCATING; 
p.t. and p.p. ED'UCATED.] Inform, cultivate, 
and improve the mental powers of. [L. 
educatus, p.p. of educo, educate; from e, out, 
and duco, lead.] 

SYN. Instruct; teach; train; rear; in- 
itiate; school. 

EDUCATED (ed'u-ka-ted*, a. 1. Instructed; 
trained; taught. 2. Refined or cultivated. 

EDUCATION (ed-u-ka'shun), n. Process or 
result of educating. 

EDUCATIONAL (ed-u-ka'shun-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to education. 

EDUCATIONALIST (ed-u-ka'shun-al-ist), n. 
One versed in educational methods. 

EDUCATIVE (ed'u-ka-tiv), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to education. 2. Calculated to teach. 

EDUCATOR (ed'u-ka-tur), n. One who or that 
which educates; teacher; instructor; educa- 
tionalist. 

EDUCE (e-dus'), vt. [pr.p. EDU'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. EDUCED (e-dust').] Bring or draw out; 
bring to light; abstract; evolve. [L. educo, 
bring out.] 

EDUCIBLE (e-du'si-bl), a. That may or can be 
educed. 

EDUCTION (e-duk'shun), n. Act of educing. 

EDUCTIVE (e-duk'tiv), a. Educing. 

EDUCTOR (e-duk'tur), n. That which educes. 

EDULCORATE (e-dul'ko-rat), vt. [pr.p. EDUL'- 
CORATING; p.t. and p.p. EDULCORATED.] 
Chem. Free from acids and salts, or other 
impurities, by washing or repeated affusions 
of water. [L. e-, out, and dulcoratus, p.p. of 
dulcoro, sweeten.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



EEL 



432 



EFFLUENCE 



EEL (el), n. Snake-like, edible fish. — Electric eel, 
an eel so named because of its ability to give 
an electric shock. [A. S. celt; Ger. aal.] 




Electric Eel (Gymnotus electricus). 

EELPOT (el'pot), n. Long flexible reed basket 
placed in the water for the purpose of catching 
eels. 

E'EN (en). Contraction of EVEN. 

E'ER (ar). Contraction of EVER. 

EERIE, EERY (e'ri), a. 1. Wild. 2. Timid. [Sc] 

EFFACE (ef-fas), vt. [pr.p. EFFA'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. EFFACED (ef-fast').] 1. Destroy. 2. 
Blot or rub out. [L. ex, out, and fades, 
face.] 

EFFACEMENT (ef-fas'ment), w. Act of effa- 
cing; obliteration; erasure. 

EFFECT (ef-fekt), vt. [pr.p. EFFECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. EFFECT'ED.] Cause or produce; 
bring about; accomplish; achieve. [L. eff edits; 
from ex, out, and facio, do.] 

EFFECT (ef-fekf), w. 1. That which is produced 
by a cause. 2. Force; validity. 3. Gist or 
substance. 4. [pi.] Goods; movables; personal 
estate. — For effect, with the design of creating 
an impression; ostentatiously. — Give effect to, 
make valid; carry out in practice. 

SYN. Consequence; result; issue; event; 
outcome; fruit; validity; force; weight; 
power ; efficiency ; purport ; import ; meaning ; 
tenor; fact; reality; impression; [pi.] goods; 
property; chattels; movables; commodities. 
ANT. Cause; source; origin; motive. 

EFFECTER (ef-fekt'er), EFFECTOR (ef-fekt- 
nr), n. One who or that which produces effects. 

EFECTIYE (ef-fekt'iv), I. a. 1. Having the 
power of effecting a desired result; efficacious; 
effectual; efficient. 2, Capable of or fit for 
duty or service. II. n. 1. Mil. Soldier fit for 
duty; an efficient. 2. That which effects; a 
cause. 

EFFECTIVELY (ef-fekt'iv-li), adv. In an effect- 
ive manner; with effect. 

EFFECTIVENESS (ef-fekt'iv-nes), n. Quality 
of being effective. 

EFFECTUAL (ef-fek'tu-al), a. Producing de- 
sired results. 

EFFECTUALLY (ef-fek'tu-al-i), adv. In an 
effectual manner. 

EFFECTUATE (ef-fek'tu-at), vt. [pr.p. EF- 
FECTUATING ;p.t. and p.p. EFFECTUATED.] 
Accomplish; effect. 

EFFEMINACY (ef-fem'i-na-si), n. 1. Softness 
or weakness, unbecoming a man. 2. Indul- 
gence in unmanly pleasures. 



EFFEMINATE (ef-fem'i-nat), a. Womanish; 
unmanly; weak. [L. effcminatus, p.p. of 
cffemino, weaken; from ex, out, and femina, 
woman.] 

EFFEMINATE (ef-fem'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. EF- 
FEMTNATING; p.t. and p.p. EFFEM'INA- 
TED.] Render womanish; unman; weaken. 

EFFEMINATELY (ef-fem'i-nat-li), adv. In an 
effeminate manner. 

EFFEMINATENESS (ef-fem'i-nat-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being effeminate. 

EFFENDI (ef-fen'di), n. [pi. EFFEN'DIS or 
EFFEN'DIES.] Turkish title for civil officials 
and educated persons generally. [Turk. 
efendi.] 

EFFERVESCE (ef-er-ves'), vi. [pr.p. EFFER- 
VES'ONG; p.t. and p.p. EFFERVESCED 
(ef-er-vest').] Boil up; bubble and hiss; 
froth up. [L. effervcsco; from ex, out, and 
fervo, boil.] 

EFFERVESCENCE (ef-er-ves'ens), n. State of 
being effervescent. 

EFFERVESCENT (ef-er-ves'ent), a. Boiling or 
bubbling from the escapement of gas. 

EFFETE (ef-fef), a. Worn out with age; 
sterile. [L. effetus.] 

EFFICACIOUS (ef-i-ka'shus), c. Able to pro- 
duce the result intended. 

EFFICACIOUSLY (ef-i-ka'shus-li), adv. In an 
efficacious manner; effectually. 

EFFICACIOUSNESS (ef-i-ka'shus-nes ), n. 
Quality of being efficacious. 

EFFICACY (ef'i-ka-si), n. Power to produce 
effects or results. [L. efficacia, power.] 

EFFICIENCY (ef-fish'en-si), n. Quality or state 
of being efficient. 

EFFICIENT (ef-fish'ent), a. Capable of produ- 
cing the desired result; effective. [L. efficiens, 
pr.p. of efficio, effect.] 

SYN. Effectual; competent; capable; 
able; energetic; efficacious. ANT. Inef- 
ficient; powerless; weak. 

EFFICIENT (ef-fish'ent), n. 1. Efficient or 
qualified person. 2. Efficient cause. 3. Math. 
Factor. 

EFFIGY (ef'i-ji), n. [pi. EFFIGIES.] Likeness 
or figure of a person. [L. fingo, form.] 

EFFLORESCE (ef-16-res), vi. [pr.p. EF- 
FLORESCING; p.t and p.p. EFFLORESCED 
(ef-16-rest').] 1. Blossom forth. 2. Form a 
whitish crust. [L.] 

EFFLORESCENCE (ef-16-res'ens), w. 1. Pro- 
duction of flowers. 2. Time of flowering. 3. 
Cutaneous rash. 4. Formation of a white 
incrustation on the surface of bodies. 

EFFLORESCENCY (ef-16-res'en-si), n. Quality 
or state of being efflorescent. 

EFFLORESCENT (ef-16-res'ent), a. 1. Bot. 
Commencing to flower. 2. Chetn. Forming 
into white threads or powder. 3. Liable to 
efflorescence. [L. efflorescens, pr.p. of effloresco, 
begin to blossom.] 

EFFLUENCE (ef'lo-ens), EFFLUENCY (ef'15- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



EFFLUENT 



EGRET 



en-si), «. 1. A flowing out. 2. That which 

flows out; efflux. [L. ex, out, and fluo, flow.] 
EFFLUENT (ef'lo-ent), I. a. Flowing out. II. 

n. Stream that flows out of another stream 

or lake. 
EFFLUVIUM (ef-flo'vi-um), n. [pi. EFFLU'VIA.] 

An invisible emanation; specifically applied 

to noxious or disagreeable exhalations; 

commonly in the plural. [L. ; flowing out.] 
EFFLUX (ef'Iuks), n. 1. Act of flowing out; 

effluence; effusion. 2. That which flows out; 

emanation. [L. efjiuxus, p.p. of effluo, flow 

out.] 
EFFLUXION (ef-fluk'shun), n. 1. A flowing 

forth; lapse. 2. An emanation; issue. 
EFFORT (ef'furt), n. Application of energy; 

exertion of force. [L. ex, out, forth, and fortis, 

strong.] 

SYN. Trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion; 

essay. ANT. Failure; ease; inactivity. 
EFFRONTERY (ef-frunt'er-i), n. Shameless- 

ness; boldness; impudence. [Fr. — L. ex, forth, 

and frons, forehead.] 
EFFULGENCE (ef-ful'jens), n. Brightness; 

flood of light. 
EFFULGENT (ef-ful'jent), a. Shining forth; 

splendid. [L. ex, forth, and fulgeo, shine.] 
EFFULGENTLT (ef-ful'jent-li), adv. In an efful- 
gent manner; brightly. 
EFFUSE (ef-fuz'), v. [pr.p. EFFUSING; p.t. 

and p.p. EFFUSED (ef-fuzd).] I. vt. Pour 

forth; emit; shed. II. vi. Issue forth; ema- 
nate. [L. effusus, p.p. of effundo, pour out.] 
EFFUSE (ef-fus'), a. Spreading widely or 

loosely; not compact. 
EFFUSION (ef-fu'zhun), n. 1. Act of pouring 

out. 2. That which is poured out or forth; 

outpouring. 3. Quality of being effusive. 
EFFUSIVE (ef-fu'siv), a. 1. Pouring forth 

abundantly; gushing. 2. Expressing emotion 

in a pronounced manner. 
EFFUSIVELY (ef-fu'siv-li), adv. In an effusive 

manner; profusely. 
EFFUSIVENESS (ef-fu'siv-nes), n. Quality of 

being effusive. 
EFT (eft), n. Small lizard; newt. [A. S.] 
iEGERIA (e-je'ri-a), n. Roman Myth. The 

nymph, one of the Camenae, who instructed 

Numa Pompilius, second king of Rome, in 

the different forms of worship. Sometimes 

written Mgcria. 
EGG (eg), n. 1. Oval body laid by female 

birds and certain other animals, from which 

their young are produced. 2. Cell in which 

an embryo develops. [A. S. ceg.] 
EGG (eg), v.t. [pr.p. EGGING; p.t. and p.p. 

EGGED (egd).] 1. Pelt with eggs. 2. Mix or 

cover with eggs. 
EGG (eg), vt. [pr.p. EGGING; p.t. and p.p. 

EGGED (egd).] Urge on; incite; commonly 

followed by on; as to egg one on to some deed. 

[A. S. eggja, goad.] 
EGG-BEATER (eg'bet-er), n. 3Iechanical de- 




Eggplant (Solarium 
melongena) . 



vice used to whip eggs into a cream-like con- 
sistency. 

EGG-CUP (eg'kup), n. Crockery-ware cup used 
to hold eggs while being eaten from the shell. 

EGGNOG (eg-nog'), n. Drink made of eggs 
beaten up, sugar, and wine or spirit. 

EGGPLANT (eg'plant), n. Plant with large 
egg-shaped edible 
fruit; also the 
fruit. 

EGIS, ^GIS (e'jis), 
w. 1. Originally, 
a shield given by 
Jupiter to Miner- 
va. 2. Protect- 
ing influence or 
power. [L. cegis, 
from Gr. Aigis.] 

EGLANTINE (eg'- 
lan-tin), n. 1. 
Sweetbrier (Rosa 
rubiginosa). 2. 
Dogrose (Rosaca- 
nina). [Fr. ; from 
O. Fr. aiglant; from L. aculeus, a prickle; from 
acus, point.] 

EGO (e'go or eg'6), n. Self-conscious subject, 
as contrasted with the NON-EGO, or object. [L.] 

EGOISM (e'go-izm), n. 1. Selfishness. 2. Sub- 
jective idealism. 

EGOIST (e'go-ist), n. 1. One who thinks and 
speaks too much of himself. 2. One who 
holds the doctrine of subjective idealism. 

EGOISTIC (e-go-is'tik), EGOISTICAL (e-go- 
is'tik-al), a. 1. Self-absorbed; selfish. 2. Of 
or pertaining to subjective idealism. 3. 
Egotistic. 

EGOTISM (e'go-tizm or eg'o-tizm), n. Frequent 
use of the pronoun I; self-exaltation; self- 
conceit. 

. SYN. Vanity; conceitedness; self-esteem; 
egoism; self-assertion. ANT. Self-distrust; 
deference; self-abnegation; diffidence; mod- 
esty. 

EGOTIST (e'go-tist), n. One given to egotism. 

EGOTISTIC (e-go-tistik), EGOTISTICAL (e-go- 
tis'tik-al), a. 1. Given to 
egotism. 2. Exhibiting or 
containing egotism. 

EGREGIOUS (e-gre'ji-us), a. 
Prominent (in a bad sense). 
[L. c, out of, and grex, flock.] 

EGREGIOUSLY (e-gre'ji-us-li), 
adv. In an egregious manner; 
uncommonly; shamefully. 

EGRESS (e'gres), n. 1. A go- 
ing out; a departure; exit; is- 
sue. 2. Place of going out; 
means of exit. [L. egressus; 
from e, out, and gradior, go.] 

EGRET (e'gret), *?: 1. Species 
of herons that during the 
breeding season show a lengthened feathery 




American Egret 

(Oarzetta candi- 
dissima) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ti=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



EGRETTE 



434 



ELASTIC 




Abbas II, Khedive 
of Egypt. Born 

1874. 



plumage on back and breast. 2. Tuft of 
long feathers on a bird's back. 3. Tuft com- 
posed of feathers or precious stones; aigret; 
egrette. [Fr. aigrette.] 

EGRETTE (e-gref), n. Tuft 
of feathers, diamonds, etc. 
See AIGRET. 

EGYPT (e'jipt), n. N. E. Af- 
rica and Sinai Peninsula, 
Asia. Area 394,345 sq. m. 

EyPTIAN (e-jip'shan), I. a. 
Belonging to Egypt. II. n. 
Native of Egypt. 

Egyptology (e-jip-toio- 

ji), n. Science of Egyptian 
antiquities. 

EH (a or e), inter j. Expresses 
inquiry or slight surprise. 

EIDER (I'der), n. Same as EIDER-DUCK. 

EIDER-DOWN (I'der-down), n. Down of the 
eider-duck. 

EIDER-DUCK (i'der-duk), n. Kind of sea-duck, 
in Northern re- 
gions, soughtafter 
for its fine down. 
[Ice. cehr.] 

EIDOLOSCOPE (i- 
dd'lo-skdp),n. Ma- 
chine for enlarg- 
ing and exhibiting 
kinetoscopic films. 
[Gr. eidolon, im- 
age, and -SCOPE.] 

EIDOSCOPE (i'do- 
skop), n. Kalei- 
doscope with disk producing geometric pic- 
tures. 

EIGHT (at), I. n. 1. Cardinal number one above 
seven; seven and one; twice four. 2. The 
figure or symbol (8 or viii) denoting eight. 
II. a. Noting the number eight. [A. S. 
eahta.] 

EIGHTEEN (at-en'), n. 1. Eight and ten; twice 
nine. 2. Symbol (18) denoting eighteen. 

EIGHTEENMO (at-en'mo), a. and n. Octo- 
decimo; book whose signatures each consists 
of 18 leaves. 

EIGHTEENTH (at-enth'), I. a. Next in order 
after the seventeenth. II. n. One of eighteen 
equal parts. 

EIGHTH (atth), I. a. 1. Coming next in order after 
the seventh. 2. Denoting one of eight equal 
parts. II. n. One of eight equal parts. 

EIGHTHLY (atth'li), adv. In the eighth place. 

EIGHTIETH (at'i-eth), I. a. 1. Coming next 
after the seventy-ninth. 2. Denoting one of 
eighty equal parts. II. n. One of eighty 
equal parts. 

EIGHTY (at'i), a. and n. Eight times ten; four- 
score. [A. S. eahta, eight, and tig, ten.] 

EIS-WOOL (is'wol), n. Special fine-spun woolen 
yarn used for delicate crocheting or needle- 
work. 




Eider-duck, (Somateria 
mollissima) . 



EITHER (e'ther or i'ffcer), I. a. and pron. The 
one or the other; one of two. II. conj. Intro- 
duces an alternative, as in either now or never. 
[A.S. — roots of EACH and WHETHER.] 

EJACULATE (e-jak'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. EJACULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EJACULATED.] Utter 
with suddenness. [L. e, out, and jacio, throw.] 

EJACULATION (e-jak-u-kVshun), n. 1. Sudden 
utterance of short exclamation or prayer. 
2. What is so uttered. 

EJACULATIVE (e-jak'u-la-tiv), EJACULA- 
TORY (e-jak'u-la-to-ri), a. Uttered in short 
earnest sentences or exclamations. 

EJECT (e-jekf), vt. [pr. p. EJECT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. EJECTED.] 1. Cast out; expel. 2. Law. 
Dispossess by legal proceedings. [L. ejectus, 
p.p. of ejicio, throw or cast out; from e, out, 
and jacio, throw.] 

SYN. Expel; oust; evict. ANT. Receive; 
retain; inject. 

EJECTION (e-jek'shun), n. 1. Act of ejecting; 
expulsion; eviction. 2. That which is ejected. 

E JECTMENT (e-jekt'ment), ra. Act or process of 
ejecting; ejection. 

EJECTOR (e-jekt'ur), n. One who or that 
which ejects. 

EKE (ek), vt. [pr.p. E'KING; p.t, and p.p. 
EKED (ekt).] Make barely sufficient by ad- 
dition; usually followed by out. [A. S. Scan.] 

ELABORATE (e-lab'o-rat), vt. [pr.p. ELAB'- 
ORATING; p.t. and p.p. ELABORATED.] 1. 
Produce with labor. 2. Improve by successive 
operations. [L. elaooro, labor greatly.] 

ELABORATE (e-lab'o-rat), a. 1. Wrought 
with labor. 2. Done with fullness and exact- 
ness; highly wrought. 

ELABORATELY (e-lab'o-rat-li), adv. In an 
elaborate manner. 

ELABORATION (e-lab-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act 
or process of elaborating. 2. State or quality 
of being elaborate. 

ELABORATIVE (e-lab'o-ra-tiv), a 
to elaborate. 

ELABORATOR (e-lab'o-ra-tur), n. 
or that which elaborates. 

ELAND (6'land), 
n. South Afri- 
can antelope, 
resemblingthe 
elk in having a 
protuberance 
in the larynx. 
[D u t . eland, 
elk.] 

ELAPSE (e-laps'), 
vi. [pr.p.ELAPS'- 
ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ELAPSED 
(e-lapst').] Slip 
away; pass si- 
lently, as time. 
[See LAPSE.] 

ELASTIC (e-las'tik), I. a. Having a tendency 



Tending 



One who 




Eland (Oreas canna). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ELASTICITY 



435 



ELECTRICUTE 



springy. II. n. 

[Gr. elao, claso, 









to recover the original form; 
Fabric containing rubber, 
drive or urge.] 

ELASTICITY (e-las-tis'i-ti), n. Quality or con- 
dition of being elastic. 

ELATE . (e-laf), vt. [pr.p. ELA'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. ELA'TED.] Raise the spirits of; inspirit; 
make elate. [L. e, out, and latus, borne.] 

IfiLATE (e-laf), a. Exalted in spirit; exultant. 
[L. elatus, lifted up.] 

SYN. Cheered; joyed; overjoyed; in- 
spirited; inflated; transported; exalted; 
proud. ANT. Depressed; dispirited; dejected. 

ELATER (el'a-ter), n. One of the spiral elastic 
threads attached to or accompanying certain 
spores. [Gr. elater, driver.] 

ELATION (e-la'shun), n. State of being elate. 

ELBA (el'ba), n. Island near Italy. 

ELBE (el'be), n. River, Germany, flows 780 
m. to North Sea. 

ELBOW (el'bo), vt. [pr.p. ELBOWING; p.t. and 
p.p. ELBOWED (el'bod).] Push with the 
elbow; jostle. [A. S. elboga.] 

ELBOW (el'bo), n. 1. Joint where the arm 
bends. 2. Sharp turn or bend. 

ELD (eld), n. Old age; antiquity. [A. S. eald, 
old.] 

ELDER (el'der), n. Shrub with a spongy pith 
bearing useful red or purple berries. [A. 
S. ellern.] 

ELDER (el'der), I. a. Older; prior in origin. II. 
n. 1. One who is older; an ancestor; one ad- 
vanced to office on account of age. 2. One 
of the officers in the Presbyterian Church. 
[A. S. yldra, comp. of eald, old.] 

ELDERBERRY (ef- 
der-ber-i), n. [pi. 
ELDERBERRIES,] 
Fruit of the elder. 

ELDERLINESS <el'- 
der-li-nes), n. State 
or condition of being 
elderly. 

ELDERLY(el'der-li),a. 
Somewhat old; bor- 
dering on old age. 

ELDERSHIP (el'der- 
ship), n. 1. Office or 
dignity of an elder. 
2. Official body of 
elders. 

ELDER WINE (el'der-win), n. Wine made from 
juice of elderberries and fortified by the ad- 
dition of alcoholic spirits. 

ELDEST (el'dest), a. Oldest; that was born first. 
[A. S. yldesta, superl. of eald, old.] 

ELDORADO (el-do-ra/dd), n. 1. Region rich 
in gold, gems, etc. 2. Dreamland of 
wealth. [Sp. el, the, and dorado, golden.] 

ELECT (e-lekf), vt. [pr.p. ELECT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ELECT'ED.] 1. Pick or choose out of a 
number; select. 2. Choose for any office by 




Elderberries (Sambucus 
nigra). 



out, and 



voting. [L. eligo, choose; from 
lego, choose.] 

ELECT (e-lekf), I. a. 1. Chosen. 2. Elected 
to an office but not yet in it, as president 
elect. II. n. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. 
One chosen to salvation; usually in the plural, 
the elect. 

ELECTION (e-lek'shun), n. 1. Act of choosing. 
2. Public choice of a person for office. 3. 
Freewill. 4. Theol. Predetermination as ob- 
ject of divine mercy. 

ELECTIONEER (e-lek-shun-er), vi. [pr.p. 
ELECTIONEERING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC- 
TIONEERED (e-lek-shun-erd').] Canvass for 
votes. 

ELECTIVE (e-lekt'iv), a. Pertaining to, de- 
pendent on, or exerting, the power of choice* 

ELECTIVELY (e-lekt'iv-li), adv. By choice. 

ELECTOR (e-lek'tur), n. 1. One who elects. 
2. One who has a vote at an election. 3. In 
U. S., one elected by popular vote to elect the 
President and Vice-president. 4. Formerly, 
one of seven German princes, who elected 
the Emperor. 

ELECTORATE (e-lek'tur-at), n. 1. Rank of 
an elector in the old German empire. 2. Body 
of electors or voters. 

ELECTRA (e-lek'tra), n. Greek Myth. Daughter 
of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra, and sister 
of Orestes. 

ELECTREPETER (e-lek-trep'e-ter), 
n. Elec. Device used to change di- 
rection of currents of electricity. 

ELECTRIC (e-lek'trik), ELEC- 
TRICAL (e-lek'trik-al), a. Hav- 
ing the properties of, pertaining 
to, or produced by, electricity. — 
Electric light, light produced by 
electricity. [Gr. elektron, amber, 
in which electricity was first ob- 
served.] 

ELECTRICALLY (e-lek'trik-al-i), adv. 1. By 
means of electricity. 2. In the manner of 
electricity. 

ELECTRICIAN (e-lek-trish'yan), n. 1. One 
VersetT in the science of electricity. 2. Elec- 
trical mechanic. 

ELECTRICITY (e-lek-tris'i-ti), n. 1. Subtile 
force, manifesting itself in various forms of 
energy, such as magnetism, light, heat, chem- 
ical decomposition, etc. 2. Science which in- 
vestigates the phenomena and laws of this 
force. — Statical electricity, produced by fric- 
tion, and at rest. — Current electricity, pro- 
duced by battery or dynamo, dynamical in 
nature. 

ELECTRICS (e-lek'triks), n. 1. Science of elec- 
tricity. 2. [pi.] Substances susceptible of be- 
coming charged with electricity through fric- 
tion. 

ELECTRICUTE (e-lek'tri-kut), vt. [pr.p. ELEC- 
TRICUTING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC'TRICUTED.] 
Same as ELECTROCUTE. 




Electric 
Light. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch- 



ELECTRIDES 



436 



ELECTRO-THERAPEUTICS 



ELECTRIDES ( e-lek-tri'dez ), n.pl. Greek 
Myth. The famed Amber Islands in the 
Eridanus River and where the tears of the 
weeping trees were supposed to become con- 
verted into amber. 

ELECTRIFIABLE (e-lek'tri-fi-a-bl), a. Capable 
of being electrified. 

ELECTRIFICATION (e-lek-tri-fi-ka'shun), n. 

1. Act or process of electrifying. 2. State of 
being electrified. 

ELECTRIFY ( e-lek 'tri-fi), vt. [pr.p. ELEC- 
TRIFYING; p.t. and p.p. ELECTRIFIED (e- 
lek'tri-fid).] 1. Communicate electricity to, 

2. Excite suddenly. [L. electrum, amber, 
and facio, make.] 

ELECTRO-, stem. Used in composition for 
ELECTRIC. [Gr. elektron, amber.] 

ELECTROBATH (e-lek'trd-bath), n. Liquefied 
metallic solution used for electroplating. 

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (e-lek-tro-kar'di-6- 
gram), n. Cardiogram produced by combina- 
tion of electrometer and cardiograph. 

ELECTROCHEMISTRY (e-lek-trd-kem'is-tri), 
n. Science which treats of chemical effects 
produced through the agency of electricity. 
[ELECTRO- and CHEMISTRY.] 

ELECTROCULTURE (e-lek-tro-kul'tur), n. 
Stimulation of plant life by the application of 
the electric current or by electric light. 

ELECTROCUTE (e-lek'tro-kut), vt. [pr.p. 
ELECTROCUTING; p.t. and p.p. ELEC- 
TROCUTED.] Inflict capital punishment upon 
by means of electricity; kill by electrification. 
[Cont. from ELECTRO-EXECUTE.] 

ELECTROCUTION (e-lek-tro-ku'shun), n. Act 
of electrocuting. 

ELECTRODE (e-lek'trod), n. Either of the two 
poles (anode and cathode) at the end of an 
electric current. 

ELECTRODYNAMICS (e-lek-tro-di-nam'iks), n. 
Science of the mutual action of electric cur- 
rents and of such currents and magnets. 

ELECTRODYNAMOMETER (e-lek-tro-di-na- 
mom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for determining the 
strength of an electric cur- 
rent by interaction of 
two coils. 

ELECTROKINETICS (e- 
lek-tro-ki-net'iks), n. 
Science of electrical mo- 
tion. [ELECTRO- and KI- 
NETICS.] 

ELECTROLOGY (e-lek-trol'- 
o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of electricity. [ELEC- 
TRO- and -logy.] Electrolier. 

ELECTROLIER (e-lek-tro-ler'), n. Decorated 
wall-bracket, ceiling-drop, or other similar 
apparatus for supporting electric lights. 

ELECTROLYSIS (e-lek-trol'i-sis), «. Process of 
chemical decomposition by electricity. [ELEC- 
TRO-, and Gr. lysis, solution.] 




( e-lek-tro-mag'net), 




ELECTROMAGNET 

n. Horseshoe- 
shaped bar of 
soft iron, mag- 
netized by a 
current of elec- 
tricity in an in- 
sulated wire 
wound around Electromagnet. 

it. A-B. Two gas pipes fastened with lead 

TT>T T^r"T<l*rkTvr A n joints c. Current flowing in direction of 

J!iLI!itl«UlYlAb- arrows leaves pipe at a, enters ground re- 

NETIC (e-lek- enterspipeat&causingcorrosionfroinatofc. 

tro-mag-net'ik), a. Of, pertaining to, or pro- 
duced by, electromagnetism. 

ELECTROMAGNETISM (e-lek- 
tro-mag'net-izm),n. 1. Magnet- 
ism developed by a current of 
electricity. 2. Science of de- 
veloping and using it. 

ELECTROMETER (e-lek-trom'e- 
ter), n. Instrument for meas- 
uring the electrostatic 
force of electricity. 

ELECTROMOTION (e-lek- 
tro-mo'shun), n. Mo- 
tion electrically pro- 
duced. 

ELECTROMOTIVE (e-lek- 
tro-mo'tiv), a. Pertain- 
ing to or producing elec- 
tromotion. 

ELECTROMOTOR (e-lek 
tr6-md'tur),w. Machine 
for producing motion 
by electricity. Electrometer. 

ELECTRON (e-lek'tron), n. 1. Same as ELEC- 
TRUM. 2. The electric force 
of an atom, claimed by some 
to be a separate entity. [Gr. 
elektron, amber.] 

ELECTROPLATE (e-lek'tro- 
plat), vt. [pr.p. ELECTRO- 
PLATING; p.t. and p.p. E- 
LECTROPLATED.] Plate with 
gold, etc., by electrolysis. 

ELECTROSCOPE (e-lek'tro- 
skop), n. Instrument to test 
the presence, nature and in- 
tensity of the electric force. 
[ELECTRO- and -SCOPE.] 

ELECTROSTATICS (e-lek-tro- 
stat'iks), n. Science of elec- 
tricity in equilibrium. 

ELECTROTYPE (e-lek'tro-tip), 
n. Facsimile plate for printing 
made by electroplating. [ELEC- 
TRO- and TYPE.] 

ELECTRO -THERAPEUTICS 
(e-lek-tro-ther-a-pu'tiks), E- 
LECTRO-THERAPY (e-lek- 
tro-ther'a-pi), n. Branch of 
medicine using electricity as a 
curative; treatment of disease 




Electroscope. 
by electricity. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ELECTROTYPE 



437 



ELIXIR 



ELECTROTYPE (e-lek'tro-tip), vt. [pr.p. ELEC'- 
TROTYPING; p.t. and p.p. ELECTROTYPED 
(e-lek'tro-tipt).] Make a copy of by electro- 
typing. 

ELECTROTYPING (e-lek'tro-tl-ping), n. Proc- 
ess, art, or business of making electrotypes. 

ELECTROTYPY(e-lek'tro-ti-pi),n. Art or proc- 
ess of producing copies by electrotyping. 

ELECTRUM (e-lek'trum), n. 1. Amber. 2. 
Alloy of gold with a fifth part of silver. 3. Va- 
riety of gold ore of a pale brass color. [L. ; 
from Gr. elektron, amber.] 

ELECTUARY (e-lek'tu-a-ri), n. Medicine 
compounded with syrup, honey, etc. [Gr. 
ekleikton; from efe, out, and leicho, lick.] 

ELEEMOSYNARY (el-e-e-mos'i-na-ri or el-e- 
mos'i-na-ri), a. Relating to charity or alms- 
giving. [Gr. eleemosyne, alms — eleos, pity.] 

ELEGANCE (el'e-gans), n. 1. State or quality 
of being elegant. 2. Refinement; polish. 3. 
An elegancy. [Fr.; from L. elegantia; from 
elegans, neat, elegant.] 

ELEGANCY (el'e-gan-si), n. [pi. ELEGAN- 
CIES.] Anything that is elegant. 

ELEGANT (el e-gant), a. 1. Graceful and re- 
fined; richly ornamental. 2. Sensible to 
beauty or propriety. [Fr. ; from L. elegans.] 

SYN. Exquisite; dainty; fine; choice; 
nice; delicate. ANT. Coarse; unrefined. 

ELEGIAC (e-le'ji-ak), ELEGIACAL (e-le'ji-ak- 
al), a. 1. Pertaining to elegy. 2. Mournful. 

3. Used in elegies. 

ELEGIST (el'e-jist), n. One who writes elegies. 

ELEGY (el'e-ji), n. [pi. EI/EGIES.] 1. Poem of 
mourning. 2. Funeral song. [Gr. elegos, 
lament.] 

ELEMENT (el'e-ment), n. 1. One of the essential 
parts of anything; ingredient. 2. In chemistry, 
one of the simple bodies that have not been 
decomposed. 3. [pi.] Rudiments of anything. 

4. [pi.] Fire, water, air and earth; forces of 
nature. 5. Proper sphere of a thing or being. 
6. [pi.] Bread and wine used at the Com- 
munion. [L. elementum, first principle.] 

ELEMENTAL (el-e-men'tal), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to an element or elements. 2. Rudi- 
mentary. 

ELEMENTARY (el-e-men'ta-ri), a. 1. Of a 
single element; primary; uncompounded. 2. 
Pertaining to the elements; treating of first 
principles. 

ELEPHANT (el'e-fant), n. Largest quadruped, 




Elephant {Elephas indicus) Plowing. 
having a very thick skin, a trunk, and two 
ivory tusks, of the genus Elephas. 



ELEPHANTIASIS (el-e-fan-ti'a-sis), n. Disease 

in which the legs become thick. 
ELEPHANTINE (el-e-fan'tin), a. 1. Pertaining 

to the elephant. 2. Like an elephant; very 

large. [Gr. elephas; Heb. eleph, ox.] 
ELEVATE (el'e-vat), vt. [pr.p. ELEVATING; 

p.t. and p.p. EL'EVATED.] 1. Raise; place 

higher. 2. Raise the spirits of. 3. Raise the 

pitch or increase the loudness of, as to elevate 

the voice. [L. eltus; ex, out, and levis, light.] 
SYN. Lift; hoist; elate; cheer; exalt; 

promote; animate; dignify; raise; heighten. 

ANT. Lower; degrade; debase. 
ELEVATION (el-e-va'shun), n. 1. Act of raising, 

or state of being raised; exaltation. 2. Height. 

3. Arch. Geometrical view of the side of a 

building. 4. Raising elements of Eucharist 

after consecration. 
ELEVATOR (el'e-va-tur), n. 1. Contrivance 

for raising or lowering persons or goods to or 

from different floors or levels. 2. Muscle 

raising a part of the body. 3. Building de- 
v signed for elevating, storing, and loading 
[ grain* 4. Aviation. Control. 
ELEVEN (e-lev'n), I. a. Ten and one. II. n. 

Figure (11). [A. S. endleofan.] 
ELEVENTH (e-lev'enth), a. 1. Next in order 

after the tenth. 2. Making one of eleven 

equal parts. 
ELF (elf), n. [pi. ELVES (elvz).] 1. Sprite or fairy. 

2. Dwarf. 3. Mischievous person; imp. 

[A. S. celf.] 
ELFIN (elfin), I. a. Of or relating to elves. 

II. n. 1. An elf. 2. Sportive child; urchin. 
ELFISH (elfish), a. Elf-like; spiteful. 
ELICIT (e-lis'it), vt. [pr.p. ELICITING; p.t. and 

p.p. ELICITED.] Draw out; educe. [L. 

elicitus, p.p. of elicio, draw out.] 
ELIDE (e-lid), vt. [pr.p. ELIDING; p.t. and p.p. 

ELI'DED.] Cut off or out, as a syllable. [L. 

elido; from e, out, and Irndo, strike.] 
ELIGIBILITY (el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 

being eligible. 
ELIGIBLE (el'i-ji-bl), a. 1. Fit or worthy to be 

chosen. 2. Legally qualified. 3. Desirable. 

[L. eligo, choose.] 
ELIGIBLY (el'i-ji-bli), adv. Suitably. 
ELIMINATE (e-lim'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. ELIMINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ELIMINATED.] 1. Expel; 

discharge; throw off. 2. Alg. Cause a 

quantity or quantities to disappear from an 

equation. [L. elimino; from ex, out, and limen, 

threshold.] 
ELIMINATION (e-lim-i-na'shun), n. Act of 

eliminating. 
ELISION (e-lizh'un), n. Suppression of a vowel 

or syllable. 
ELITE (a-lef), n. Select body; best part. [Fr.] 
ELIXIR (e-liks'er), n. 1. Quintessence. 2. 

Alchemy. Substance which invigorates, and 

changes a base metal into a precious one; 

philosopher's stone. 3. Compound tincture. 

[Ar.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, biirn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kk^ch in Scotch loch. 



ELK 



438 



EMANATION 




Elk (Alces 
Machlis) . 



I 



» 



ELK (elk), n. 1. Largest existing species of the 
deer family, native of Europe 
and Asia. 2. The wapti, of 
America. [A. S. elchJ] 

ELL (el), n. Cloth measure=l^ 
yards. [A. S. eln. See ELBOW.] 

ELLIPSE (el-lips'), n. Figure 
produced by the section of 
a cone by a plane passing 
through it obliquely. [Gr. 
elleipsis.] 

ELLIPSIS (el-lip'sis), n. [pi. ELLIPSES (el-lip'- 
sez).] Figure of syntax by which a word or 
words are left out and implied. [Gr. elleipsis; 
from en, in, and leipo, leave.] 

ELLIPSOID (el-lip'soid), n. Math. 1. Solid, every 
section of which is an ellipse or a circle. 
2. Surface of such a solid. 

ELLIPSOID (el-lip'soid), ELLIPSOIDAL (el-lip- 
soi'dal), a. Pertaining to, or having the form 
of, an ellipsoid. 

ELLIPTIC (el-lip'tik), ELLIPTICAL (el-lip'tik- 
al), a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipse; oval. 2. 
Pertaining to ellipsis; having a part under- 
stood. [Gr. elleiptikos; from elleipsis. See 
ELLIPSIS.] 

ELLIPTICALLT (el-lip'tik-al-i), a. In an ellip- 
tic manner. 

ELLIPTICITY (el-lip-tis'i-ti), w. Deviation of 
an ellipse or spheroid from the form of a circle 
or sphere. 

ELM (elm), n. Any tree of the genus TJlmus, 
hardy shade-trees, furnishing very tough 
wood. [A. S. — L. ulmus.~\ 

El3IO'S FIRE (el'moz fir). Electric ball of 
light, observed about the rigging of ships; 
St. Elmo's fire; corposant. 

ELOCUTION (el-o-ku'shun), n. Art of properly 
using voice and gestures in delivery. [Fr. — 
L. e, out, and loquor, speak.] 

ELOCUTIONARY (cl-o-ku'shun-a-ri), a. Of or 
pertaining t'o elocution. 

ELOCUTIONIST (el-o-ku'shun-ist), n. 1. One 
versed in elocution. 2. Teacher of elocu- 
tion. 

ELOGE (a-16zh'), n. Praise; panegyric. [Fr.] 

ElOHIM (el'o-him or e-16'him), n. A Hebrew 
name of God, frequently found in certain parts 
of the Old Testament, which for this reason 
are called Elohistic. [Heb. elohim.] 

ELONGATE (e-lang'gat), vt. [pr.p. ELONGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ELONGATED.] Make 
longer; extend. 

ELONGATE (e-lang'gat), a. Drawn out; ex- 
tended. 

ELONGATION (e-lang-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
elongating. 2. State of being elongated. 3. 
An extension. 

ELOPE (e-16p), vi. [pr.p. ELO'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. ELOPED (e-16pt').] Run away; said espe- 
cially of a woman who runs away with a lover. 
[Dut. ontloopen; Ger. entlaufen.] 

ELOPEMENT (e-16p'ment), n. Act of eloping. 



ELOQUENCE (el'o-kwens), n. 1. Art of fine 

speaking. 2. Persuasive speech. 
ELOQUENT (el'o-kwent), a. Speaking with 

fluency, elegance, and power; persuasive. 

[L. eloquens. See ELOCUTION.] 
ELOQUENTLY (el'o-kwent-li), adv. In an 

eloquent manner. 
ELSE (els), adv. Further; besides. [A.S. ettes.] 
ELSEWHERE (els'hwar), adv. In another place; 

in other places. 
ELUCIDATE (e-lo'si-dat), vt. [pr.p. ELUCIDA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ELUCIDATED.] Make 

lucid or clear; illustrate; explain. [L. e, out, 

and lucidusy bright.] 
ELUCIDATION (e-lo-si-da'shun), n. 1. Act of 

elucidating. 2. That which elucidates. 
ELUCIDATIVE (e-16'si-da-tiv), a. Tending to 

elucidate. 
ELUCIDATOR (e-16'si-da-tur), n. One who 

elucidates. 
ELUDE (e-lod'), vt. [pr.p. ELUDING; p.t. and 

p.p. ELUDED.] Avoid by stratagem; baffle. 

[L. e, out, and ludo, play.] 

SYN. Evade; foil; frustrate; escape. 

ANT. Encounter; meet; confront; court; 

dare; defy. 
ELUSION (e-16'zhun), n. Act of eluding; escape 

by artifice; evasion. 
ELUSIVE (e-16'siv), a. Practicing elusion; 

deceptive. 
ELUSORY (e-lo'so-ri), a. Tending to elude or 

cheat; evasive; deceitful. 
ELVES (elvz), n. Plural of ELF. 
ELVISH (el'vish), a. Elfish; mischievous. 
JiiLYSIAN (e-lizh'i-an), a. Pertaining to 

Elysium; exceedingly delightful. 
ELYSIUM (e-lizh'i-um), n. Greek Myth. Abode 

of the blessed after death; delightful place. 

[Gr. elysion (pedion), Elysian (plain).] 
ELYTRON (el'i-tron), ELYTRUM (el'i-trum), w. 

[pi. ELYTRA.] One of the fore-wings of 

beetles, modified to form more or less hard 

coverings for the hind pair. [Gr. elytron, case.] 
EM (em), n. 1. Letter M. 2. Print. The square 

of the body of a type. 
EM-, prefix. Form of en- before labials 
EMACIATE (e-ma'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. EMA'CIA- 

TING; p.t. and p.p. EMACIATED.] Deprive 

of flesh; waste. [L. emacio, make lean.] 
EMACIATION (e-ma-shi-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 

emaciating. 2. Leanness. 
EMANANT (em'a-nant), a. Flowing from; em- 
anating. [L. emanans, pr.p. of emano, flow 

out.] 
EMANATE (em'a-nat), vi. [pr.p. EMANATING; 

p.t. and p.p. EM'ANATED.] Flow out or 

from; take origin or arise. 

SYN. Originate; proceed; flow; spring; 

rise. ANT. Terminate; culminate; end; 

eventuate. 
EMANATION (em-a-na'shun), n. 1. A flowing 

out from a source. 2. That which issues or 

proceeds from some source. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EMANCIPATE 



439 



EMBLEMATIC 



EMANCIPATE (e-man'sl-pat), vt. [pr.p. EMAN- 
CIPATING; p.t. and p.p. EMANCIPATED.] 
Set free from servitude ; free from restraint or 
bondage. [L. e, out, and mancipo, give up.] 

EMANCIPATION (e-man-si-pa/shun), n. 1. Act 
of setting free. 2. State of being set free. 

EMARGINATE (e-mar'ji-nat), a. Bot. Having 
the marginal apex of a leaf notched. 

EMASCULATE (e-mas'ku-lat), vt. [pr.p. EMAS'- 
CULATING; p.t. and p.p. EMAS'CULATED.] 
Deprive of masculine vigor. 

EMASCULATION (e-mas-ku-la'shun), n. 1. 
Act of emasculating. 2. State of being emas- 
culated. 

EMBALM (em-bam'), vt. {pr.p. EMBALMING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBALMED (em-bamd').] 1. 
Preserve from decay by aromatic drugs. 2. 
Perfume. [Fr. See BALM.] 

EMBALMER (em-bam'er), n. One who em- 
balms. 

EMBANK (em-bangk'), vt. [pr.p. EMBANK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBANKED (em-bangkt').] In- 
close or defend with a bank or dike. 

EMBANKMENT (cm-bangk'ment), «. 1. Act of 
embanking. 2. Bp,uk or mound. 

EMBARCATION, n. Same as EMBARKATION. 

EMBARGO (em-bar'go), n. [pi. EMBARGOES.] 
1. Prohibition of ships to leave port. 2. Stop- 
page of trade for a time by authority. 3. Re- 
straint; prohibition. [Sp.] 

EMBARGO (em-bar'go), vt. [pr.p. EMBAR- 
GOING; p.t. and p.p. EMBARGOED (em-bar'- 
god).] 1. Lay an embargo upon; prohibit. 2. 
Requisition; seize. 

EMBARK (em-bark'), v. [pr.p. EMBARK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBARKED (em-barkt').] I. 
vt. 1. Put on board a bark. 2. Venture. II. 
vi. 1. Go on board a bark. 2. Engage in 
any venture. [Fr. embarquer; from em, in, 
and barque, bark.] 

EMBARKATION (em-bar-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of embarking. 2. That which is embarked. 

EMBARRASS (em-bar 'as), vt. [pr.p. EMBAR- 
RASSING; p.t. and p.p. EMBARRASSED (em- 
bar'ast).] 1. Involve in difficulty. 2. Per- 
plex. [Fr. embarrasser; from em, in, and barre, 
bar.] 

SYN. Entangle; disconcert; trouble; 
perplex; confuse; hamper; impede; clog; 
encumber. ANT. Extricate; liberate; ex- 
pedite; facilitate; assist; disencumber. 

EMBARRASSMENT (em-bar'as-ment), n. 1. 
Perplexity; confusion. 2. Difficulties in 
money-matters. 

EMBASSADOR (em-bas'a-dur), n. Same as 
AMBASSADOR. 

EMBASSY (em'bas-i), n. 1. Charge or function 
of an ambassador. 2. Person or persons sent 
on an embassy. 3. Official residence of an 
ambassador. [L. ambactus — a Gallic word 
meaning servant.] 

EMBATTLE (em-bat'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBAT'- 
TLING; p.t. and p.p. EMBATTLED (em- 



bat'ld).] 1. Form in line of battle. 2. Equip 
or arm for battle. [O. Fr. embatailler.] 

EMBATTLE (em-bat'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBAT'- 
TLING; p.t. and p.p. EMBATTLED (em-baf- 
ld).] Furnish with battlements. 

EMBED (em-bed'), vt. [pr.p. EMBED'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBED'DED.] Lay, as in a bed; 
place in a mass of matter; imbed. 

EMBELLISH (em-bel'ish), vt. [pr.p. EMBEL- 
LISHING; p.t. and p.p. EMBELLISHED (em- 
bel'isht).] 1. Make beautiful with ornaments. 

2. Make graceful. 3. Illustrate pictorially, 
as a book. [Fr. embellir; from em, in, and bel, 
beau, beautiful.] 

SYN. See ADORN. 

EMBELLISHER (em-bel'ish-er), n. One who 
embellishes. 

EMBELLISHMENT (em-bel'ish-ment), n. 1. Act 
of embellishing. 2. Decoration; ornament; 
illustration. 

EMBER (em'ber), n. Live coal or smoldering 
brand; chiefly in plural, unextinguished re- 
mains of a fire. [A. S. cemyrian, embers.] 

EMBER-DAYS (em'ber-daz), n.pl. Three fast- 
days in each quarter. (Wednesday, Friday 
and Saturday, after the first Sunday in Lent, 
after Whitsunday, after September 14, and 
after December 13.) [A. S. ymb-ryne, circuit.] 

EMBEZZLE (em-bez'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBEZ- 
ZLING; p.t. and p.p. EMBEZZLED (em-be z'- 
ld).] Appropriate fraudulently what has 
been intrusted. [From root of IMBECILE.] 

EMBEZZLEMENT (em-bez'1-ment), n. Act of 
embezzling. 

EMBEZZLER (em-bez'ler), ». One who embez- 
zles. 

EMBITTER (em-bit'er), vt, [pr.p. EMBIT'TER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBITTERED (em-bif- 
erd).] 1. Make bitter or more bitter. 2. 
Exasperate. 

EMBLAZON (em-bla'zn), vt. [pr.p. EMBLA'- 
ZONING; p.t. and p.p. EMBLAZONED (em- 
bla'znd).] 1. Deck in blazing colors. 2. Her. 
Blazon or adorn with figures. 

EMBLAZONER (em-bla'zn-er), n. One who 
emblazons. 

EMBLAZONMENT (em-bla'zn-ment), n. An 
emblazoning. 

EMBLAZONRY (em-bla'zn-ri), n. [pi. EM- 
BLAZONRIES.] 1. Art or act of emblazon- 
ing. 2. High coloring, literal or figurative. 

3. Heraldic devices. 

EMBLEM (em'blem), n. Picture or other object 
suggestive of something different from itself. 
[Gr. emblema, inlaid work — en, in, and ballo, 
lay, cast.] 

SYN. Sign; symbol; type; attribute; de- 
vice; badge; representation; token. ANT. 
Disguise; ruse; blind; incognito. 

EMBLEMA (em-ble'ma), n. [pi. EMBLE'MATA.] 
An inlaid ornament. [L.] 

EMBLEMATIC (em-ble-mat'ik), EMBLEMAT- 
ICAL (em-ble-mat'ik-al).] a. 1. Pertaining to 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EMBLEMATICALLY 



440 



EMENDATOR 



or containing emblems. 2. Serving as an 
emblem; symbolic. 

EMBLEMATICALLY (em-ble-mat'ik-al-i), adv. 
By way or means of an emblem; symbolically. 

EMBLE3IATIZE ( em-blem'a-tiz ), vt. [pr.p. 
EMBLEM'ATIZING; p.t. and p.p. EMBLEM- 
ATIZED (em-blem'a-tizd).] 1. Serve as an 
emblem of. 2. Represent by an emblem. 

EMBODIMENT (em-bod'i-ment), n. 1. Bodily 
presentation. 2. Formal expression. 3. Col- 
lection into an aggregate body. 

EMBODY (em-bod'i), v. [pr.p. EMBOD'YING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBODIED (em-bod'id), I. vt. 1. 
Invest with a body; incarnate. 2. Form in- 
to a body or united whole; incorporate. II. 
vi. Unite in a body or mass. 

EMBOLDEN (em-bold'n), vt. [pr.p. EMBOLD'- 
ENING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOLDENED (em- 
bold'nd).] Give boldness or courage to; en- 
courage. 

EMBOLISM (em'bo-lizm), n. 1. An intercala- 
tion. 2. Pathol. Presence of obstructing 
clots in an artery or blood-vessel. [Gr. em- 
bolismos, an intercalation.] 

EMBOLITE (em'bo-lit), n. JUin. Chlorid of 
silver found in native state in mines. 

EMBONPOINT (ang-bang-pwang), n. Full- 
ness of figure; plumpness. [Fr.] 

EMBOSOM (em-bQz'um), v t. [pr.p. EMBOSOM- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOSOMED (em-bpz'- 
umd).] 1. Receive into the affections. 2. In- 
close; surround. 

EMBOSS (em-bos'), vt. [pr.p. EMBOSS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBOSSED (em-bost').] Form 
bosses or protuberances upon; ornament with 
raised work. 

EMBOSSMENT (em-bos'ment), n. Prominence 
like a boss; raised work. 

EMBOUCHURE (em-bQ-shor'), n . 1. Mouth of 
a river, cannon, etc. 2. Mouth-hole of a wind 
musical instrument. 3. Adjustment of the 
player's mouth to the mouth-hole of the in- 
strument. [Fr. bouche, mouth.] 

EMBOWEL (em-bow'l), vt. [pr.p. EMBOWEL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOWELED (em-bow'ld).] 
1. Bury; imbed. 2. Disembowel. 

EMBOWER (em-bow'er), vt. [pr.p. EMBOW- 
ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMBOWERED (em- 
bow'erd).] Place in a bower; shelter with 
foliage. 

EMBRACE (em-bras'), v. [pr.p. EMBRA'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMBRACED (em-brast').] I. vt. 
1. Take in the arms. 2. Take willingly; 
accept. 3. Encircle. II. vi. Join in an 
embrace. [O. Fr. embracer — L. in, in, and 
brachium, arm.] 

SYN. Clasp; hug; receive; welcome; en- 
compass; include; comprise; comprehend. 
ANT. Exclude; reject; repulse; expel; dis- 
own. 

EMBRACE (em-bras'), n. Fond pressure in the 
arms; act of embracing; hug. 

EMBRACERY (em-bra'ser-i), n. Critn. Law. 



jury corruptly, or 
Fr. embraceor; from 



Offense of influencing a 
attempting to do so. [O. 
embracer, set on Are.] 

EMBRASURE (em-bra'zhor), n. 1. Inside en- 
largement of an opening in a wall. 2. Open- 
ing in a wall for cannon. [O. Fr. embraser, 
chamfer.] 

EMBROCATE (em'bro-kat), vt. [pr.p. EM'- 
BROCATING; p.t. and p.p. EMBROCATED.] 
Moisten and rub, as a sore, with a lotion. [L. L. 
embroco, pour into a vessel.] 

EMBROCATION (em-bro-ka 'shun), n. 1. Act of 
embrocating. 2. Lotion. 

EMBROIDER (em-broid'er), vt. [pr.p. EM- 
BROID'ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMBROIDERED 
(em-broid'erd).] 1. Ornament with designs 
in needlework. 2. Work ornaments in needle- 
work. [O. Fr. border, border.] 

EMBROIDERER (em-broid'er-er), n. One who 
embroiders. 

EMBROIDERY (em-broid'er-i), n. [pi. EM- 
BROID'ERIES.] 
1. Act, process, 
or artof embroid- 
ering. 2. Orna- 
mental needle- 
work on cloth, 
canvas, leather, 
etc. 

EMBROIL (em- 
broil'), vt. [pr.p, 

embroiling; 

p.t. and p.p. EM- 
BROILED (em- 
broild').] 1. In- 
volve in strife. 
3. Entangle. [Fr. 
embrouiller — 
brouiller, trou- 
ble.] 

EMBROILMENT 
(e m -broil 'ment ), 

n. 1. State of Embroidery, 

complexity or confusion. 2. Disturbance; 
strife; contention. 3. Act of embi oiling or 
state of being embroiled. 

EMBRYO (em'bri-6), n. [pi. EM'BRYOS.] 1. 
Young of an animal in its earliest stages of 
development. 2. Part of a seed which forms 
the future plant. 3. Beginning of anything. 
[Gr. embryon; from en, in, and bryo, swelL] 

EMBRYOLOGY (em-bri-ol'o-ji), n. Science 
which treats of the development of the 
embryo. 

EMBRYONIC (em-bri-on'ik), a. Of, pertaining 
to, or like, an embryo; rudimentary. 

EMEER (e-mer'), n. Same as EMIR. 

EMEND (e-mend'), vt. [pr.p. EMEND'ING; p.U 
and p.p. EMEND'ED.] Correct or improve. 
[L. emendo; see AMEND.] 

EMENDATION (em-en-da'shun), n. Removal 
of an error or fault; correction. 

EMENDATOR (em'en-da-tiir), n. Corrector. 




fiite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ' 






EMENDATORY 



441 



EMPIRIC 



EMENDATORY (e-mend'a-to-ri), a. Mending 
or contributing to correction. 

EMERALD (em'er-ald), n. 1. Green precious 
stone, a variety of beryl. 2. Bright green 
color, like that of the gem. 3. Size of type 

. intermediate between minion and nonpareil, 
not used in the U. S. [O. Fr. esmeralde — Gr. 
smaragdos.] 

EMERGE (e-merj'), vi. [pr.p. EMERGING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMERGED (e-merjd').] 1. Rise 
•ut of anything. 2. Come forth from some 
covering or concealment. 3. Come to notice. 
[L. emergo; from e, out, and mergo, plunge.] 

EMERGENCE (e-mer'jens), n. 1. Act of emer- 
ging. 2. That which emerges. 

EMERGENCY (e-mer'jen-si), n. [pi. EMEB'- 
GENCIES.] 1. Something not calculated 
upon. 2. Pressing necessity. 

EMERGENT (e-mer'jent), a. 1. Emerging. 
2. Arising unexpectedly. 3. Urgent. 

EMERITUS (e-mer'i-tus), a. Discharged with 
honor. [L.] 

EMERSION (e-mer'shun), n. Act of emerging. 

EMERY (em'er- 
I), n. Very 
hard mineral, 
used for polish- 
ing, etc. — Em- 
ery wheel, em- 
ery-coated pol- 
ishing wheel. 
[O. Fr. emeril — 
Gr. stnyris.] 

EMETIC (e-mef- 
ik), I. a. Caus- 
ing vomiting. 
II. n. Medicine 
that causes 
vomiting. [L. Emer y WheeL 

emeticus; from Gr. emetikos; from emeo, vomit.] 

EMIGRANT (em'i-grant), I. a. Emigrating or 
having emigrated. II. n. One who emi- 
grates. [L. emigrans, pr.p. of emigro, emi- 
grate.] 

EMIGRATE (em'i-grat), vi. [pr.p. EMIGRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EMIGRATED.] Remove 
from one's native country to another. [L. 
emigratus, p.p. of emigro; from e, from, and 
migro, move.] 

EMIGRATION (em-i-gra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
emigrating. 2. Those who emigrate. 

EMINENCE (em'i-nens), EMINENCY (em'i- 
nen-si), n. 1. A part rising above the rest; 
a prominence. 2. Distinction; high rank; 
celebrity. 3. Title of honor applied to cardi- 
nals. [L. eminentia; from eminens, pr.p. of 
emineo, project.] 

EMINENT (em'i-nent), a. 1. Rising above 
others; prominent; distinguished; conspic- 
uous. 2. Paramount; as eminent domain. [L. 
eminens, see EMINENCE.] 

EMINENTLY (em'i-nent-li), adv. In an emi- 
nent manner or degree. 




EMIR (e'mir or e-mer'), n. Turkish title given 
especially to descendants of Mohammed. 
[Ar. amir, ruler; see AMEER.] 

EMISSARY (em'i-sa-ri), a. 1. That is sent forth 
or out. 2. Of or pertaining to an emissary 
or spy. [L. emissarius; from emissus, p.p. 
of emitto, send out.] 

EMISSARY (em'i-sa-ri), n. [pi. EM'ISSARIES.] 
One sent on a secret mission. 

EMISSION (e-mish'un), n. 1. Act of emitting. 
2. That which is emitted. 

EMISSIVE (e-mis'iv), EMISSORY (e-mis'o-ri), 
a. Sending out; emitting. 

EMIT (e-mif), vt. [pr.p. EMITTING; p.t. and 
p.p. EMIT'TED.] 1. Send out or forth; throw 
or give out; give vent to. 2. Issue by author- 
ity. [L. emitto; from e, out, and mitto, send.] 

EMMET (em'et), n. Ant. [A. S. cemete.] 

EMOLLIENT (e-mol'yent), I. a. Softening; 
making supple. II. n. Med. Remedy used 
to soften the tissues. [L. emolliens, p.p. of 
emollio, soften.] 

EMOLUMENT (e-mol'u-ment), n. 1. Remu- 
neration or profit arising from employment, as 
salary, fees and perquisites. 2. Advantage 
or profit in general. [L. emolumentum — c, 
out, and molior, labor — moles, weight.] 

EMOTION (e-mo'shun), n. 1. State of excited 
feeling; perturbation of mind. 2. [pi.] The 
rational sentiments or feelings, as pity, joy, 
terror, etc. [L.; from e, out, and moveo, 
move.] 

E3IOTIONAL (e-mo'shun-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to emotion. 2. Liable to emotion. 

EMOTIONALISM (e-mo'shun-al-izm), n. Tend- 
ency to emotional excitement. 

EMPEROR (em'per-ur), n. [fern. EM 'PRESS.] 
One ruling an empire. [Fr. empereur — L. 
imperator, commander.] 

EMPHASIS (em'fa-sis), n. 1. Stress of the 
voice on particular words or syllables. 2. 
Impress! veness; force; weight of thought. 
[L. — Gr. en, in, and phaino, show.] 

EMPHASIZE (em'fa-siz), vt. [pr.p. EMPHA- 
SIZING; p.t. and p.p. EMPHASIZED (em'fa- 
sizd).] Make emphatic, obvious, or impres- 
sive. 

EMPHATIC (em-fat'ik), EMPHATIC AL (em- 
fat'ik-al), a. Uttered with emphasis; forcible; 
impressive. [Gr. emphatikos; from en, in, 
and phaino, show.] 

EMPHATICALLY (em-fat'ik-al-i), adv. In an 
emphatic manner. 

EMPHYSEMA (em-fl-se'ma), n. Pathol. Dis- 
tension caused by air or other gases. [Gr.] 

EMPIRE (em'pir), n. 1. Supreme dominion. 2. 
Aggregate of territories under the dominion 
of an emperor. 3. Territorial possession 
under imperial rule. [Fr. — L. imperium, com- 
mand.] 

EMPIRIC (em-pir'ik), I. a. Resting on exper- 
iment; known only by experience. II. n. 1. 
One who makes experiments. 2. One whose 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



EMPIRICAL 



442 



ENCAMP 



knowledge is gained from experience only; 
quack. [Gr. en, in, and peira, trial.] 
EMPIRICAL (em-pir'ik-al), a. Empiric. 
EMPIRICALLY (em-pir'ik-al-i), adv. In an 

empirical manner; experimentally. 
EMPIRICISM (em-pir'i-sizm), n. 1. Phil. 
System which, rejecting all speculation and a 
priori knowledge, rests solely on experience 
and induction. 2. Dependence of a physician 
on his experience alone, without a regular 
medical education; quackery. 
EMPIRICIST (em-pir'i-sist), n. One who prac- 
tices empiricism. 
EMPLOY (em-ploi'), vt. [pr.p. EMPLOY'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EMPLOYED (em-ploid').] 1. 
Give occupation to. 2. Occupy the time or 
attention of. 3. Use. [Fr. employer.'] 
EMPLOY (em-ploi'), n. State of being employed; 

service. 
EMPLOYE (em-ploi-e'; Fr. ang-plwa-ya'), n. 

One who is employed; employee. [Fr.] 
EMPLOYEE (em-ploi-e'), n. Person employed 

by, or engaged in the service of, another. 

EMPLOYER (em-ploi'er), n. One who employs. 

EMPLOYMENT (em-ploi'ment), n. 1. Act of 

employing. 2. State of being employed. 3. 

Occupation. 

EMPORIUM (em-pd'ri-um), n. Place of trade; 

great mart. [Gr. en, in, and poros, way.] 
EMPOWER (em-pow'er), vt. [pr.p. EMPOW- 
ERING; p.t. and p.p. EMPOWERED (em-pow'- 
erd).] Give power to. 
EMPRESS (em'pres), n. Feminine of EMPEROR. 
EMPRESSEMENT (ang-pres'mang), n. Fervor; 

insistency. [Fr.] 

EMPTINESS (emp'ti-nes), n. State of being 

empty; want of substance; unsatisfactoriness. 

EMPTY (emp'ti), a. [comp. EMP'TIER; superl. 

EMP'TIEST.] 1. Having nothing within. 2. 

Without effect; unsatisfactory. 3. Wanting 

substance. [A. S. cemtig.] 

EMPTY (emp'ti), n. [pi. EMP'TIES.] Empty 

vessel, box, crate, car, etc. 
EMPTY (emp'ti), v. [pr.p. EMP'TYING; p.t. and 
p.p. EMPTIED (emp'tid).] I. vt. 1. Remove 
or discharge the contents from. 2. Pour out 
or forth. II. vi. 1. Recome empty. 2. Dis- 
charge or pour out the contents. 
EMPTYINGS (emp'ti-inzg), n.pl. Lees of beer, 

etc., used as yeast. 
EMPYREAL (em-pir'e- 
al), c. 1. Pertaining 
to the empyrean. 2. 
Formed of pure fire 
or light. [Gr. en, in, 
and pyr, fire.] 
EMPYREAN (em-pi-re'- 
an),w. Highestheaven. 
EMU, EMEU (e'mu), n. 
Large Australian bird, 
allied to the casso- 
wary and ostrich. [Pg. etna, ostrich. 
EMULATE (em'u-lat),v«. [pr.p. EMULATING; 




Emu (Dromceus novce- 
hollandice). 



p.t. and p.p. EM'ULATED.] 1. Strive to equal 
or excel; rival. 2. Imitate, with a view to 
equal or surpass. [L. mulo, cemulwatus; from 
wmulus, striving to equal.] 

EMULATION (em-u-la'shun), n. Act of emu- 
lating. 

EMULATIVE (em'u-la-tiv), o. Inclined to em- 
ulation. 

EMULATOR (em'u-la-tur), n. One who em- 
ulates. 

EMULOUS (em'fi-lus), a. 1. Desirous of like 
excellence with another. 2. Engaged in com- 
petition or rivalry. 

EMULOUSLY (em'u-lus-li), adv. In an emulous 
manner. 

EMULSIFY (e-mul'si-fi), vt. [pr.p. EMULSI- 
FYING; p.t. and p.p. EMULSB7D3D (e-mul'si- 
fid).] Make an emulsion of. 

EMULSION (e-mul'shun), n. 1. Mixture of 
liquids where one is insolubly suspended in 
the other, as butter in milk. 2. Mixture where 
solid parts are insolubly suspended in a liquid. 
[Fr. — L. e, out, and mulgeo, milk.] 

EMULSIVE (e-mul'siv), a. 1. Softening. 2. 
Yielding oil by pressure. 3. Yielding a milk- 
like substance. 

EMUNCTORY (e-mungk'to-ri), n. Organ of 
the body serving to carry off waste; excretory 
duct. [L. e, out, and mungo, blow the nose.] 

EN-, prefix. Represents the Greek en, or the 
Latin in, both signifying putting in, changing 
to, etc. 

ENARLE (en-a'bl), vt. [pr.p. ENA'BLING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENABLED (en -a bid).] Make able. 

ENACT (en-akf), vt. [pr.p. ENACT 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ENACTED.] 1. Perform. 2. Act the 
part of. 3. Establish as a law. 

ENACTMENT (en-akt'ment), n. 1. Passing of 
a bill into law. 2. That which is enacted. 

ENALLAGE (en-al'a-Je), n. Oram. Substitu- 
tion of one case, mood, tense or part of speech 
for another, as you for thou. [Gr., from alios, 
another.] 

ENAMEL (en-am'el), n. Substance like glass, 
serving as a smooth, hard coating. [From 
root of MELT.] 

ENAMEL (en-am'el), vt. [pr.p. ENAMELING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENAMELED (en-am'eld).] 1. 
Coat with or paint in enamel. 2. Form a 
glossy surface upon, like enamel. 

ENAMELER (en-am'el-er), n. One who enamels. 

EN AMOR, ENAMOUR ( en-am 'fir), vt. [pr.p. 
ENAM'ORING; p.t. and p.p. ENAM'ORED 
(en-am'fird).] Inflame with love; charm. 
[L. in, in, and amor, love; from amo, love.] 

ENASCENT (e-nas'ent), c. Nascent; incipient. 

ENATE (e'nat), a. Growing out. 

EN RLOC (ang blok). In a lump; as a whole. 
[Fr.] 

ENCAGE (en-kaj'), vt. [pr.p. ENCA'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENCAGED (en-kajd').] Shut up in 
a cage. 

ENCAMP (en-kamp'), v. [pr.p. ENCAMPING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ENCAMPMENT 



443 



ENCROACH 



p.t. and p.p. ENCAMPED (en-kampt').] I. vt. 
Form into a camp. II. vi. Pitch tents. 

ENCAMPMENT (en-kamp'ment), n. 1. Act of 
encamping. 2. Place where an army or com- 
pany is encamped; a camp. 3. In United 
States, meeting of veterans or certain fraternal 
organizations. 

ENCASE (en-kas'), vt. [pr.p. ENCA'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENCASED (en-kast').] Same as IN- 
CASE. 

ENCAUSTIC (en-kas'tik), n. Method of paint- 
ing with pigments containing wax. [Gr. en, 
in, and halo, burn.] 

ENCEINTE (ang-sangf), I. a. Pregnant. II. n. 
Fortified inclosure, or wall surrounding it. fFr. ] 

ENCEPHALIC (en-sef-al'ik), a. Belonging to 
the cncephalon or brain. 

ENCEPHALON (en-sef'a-lon), n. [pi. EN- 
CEPH'ALA.] Anat. The brain. [Gr. en, in, 
and kephale, head.] 

ENCEPHALOUS (en-sef'a-lus), a. Having a 
head. 

ENCHAIN (en-chan'), vt. [pr.p. ENCHAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENCHAINED (en-chand').] 1. 
Putin chains; hold fast. 2. Link together. 

ENCHANT ( en-chant'), vt. [pr.p. ENCHANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENCHANTED.] 1. Act on by 
sorcery. 2. Charm; delight in a high degree. 
[Fr. enchanter — L. in, in, and canto, sing.] 

SYN. Charm; entrance; fascinate; rav- 
ish; bewitch; enamor. ANT. Disenchant; 
repel; disgust; horrify. 

ENCHANTER (en-chant'er), n. [fern. EN- 
CHANT'RESS.] One who enchants; magician. 

ENCHANTMENT (en-chant'ment), n. 1. Act of 
enchanting. 2. That which enchants; illusive 
charm. 3. State of being enchanted. 

ENCHANTRESS (en-chant'res), n. 1. Sorceress. 

2. Bewitching woman. 

ENCHASE (en-chas'), vt. [pr.p. ENCHA'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENCHASED (en-chast').] 1. Set 
with jewels. 2. Engrave. 3. Adorn with 
raised or embossed work. [See CHASE.] 

ENCHORIAL (en-ko'ri-aD, ENCHORIC (en- 
ko'rik), a. 1. Belonging to or used in a 
country. 2. Used by the people, noting es- 
pecially the written characters used by the 
common people in Egypt as opposed to the 
hieroglyphics. [Gr. en, in, and chora, country.] 

ENCHYMA (en'ki-ma), n. Biol. Juice from 
which tissues are formed. [Gr.; from en, in, 
and chyma, fluid.] 

ENCIRCLE (en-ser'kl), vt. [pr.p. ENCIR'CLING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENCIRCLED (en-ser'kld).] 1. 
Inclose in a circle; embrace. 2. Pass around. 

ENCLITIC (en-klit'ik), I. a. That inclines or 
leans upon. II. n. Gram. Word or particle 
which Is joined to the end of another word. 
[Gr. en, on, and Mind, lean.] 

ENCLOSE (en-kloz'), vt. [pr.p. ENCLOSING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENCLOSED (en-klozd').] 1. Close 
or shut in; confine; imprison. 2. Surround. 

3. Put in a case, as a letter in an envelope. 



4. Fence, used of waste or common land. See 
INCLOSE, the commonly preferred form of 
the word. [O. Fr. enclos; from L. includo, 
inclusus, shut in.] 

ENCLOSURE (en-klo'zhur), n. 1. Act of en- 
closing. 2. State of being enclosed. 3. That 
which is enclosed. 4. That which encloses* 
See INCLOSURE. 

ENCOMIAST (en-ko'mi-ast), rc. Praiser. 

ENCOMIUM (en-ko'mi-um), n. [pi. ENCO'- 
MIUMS.] High praise. [Gr. enhomion, song 
of praise; en, in, and homos, festivity.] 

ENCOMPASS (en-kum'pas), vt. [pr.p. ENCOM'- 
PASSING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOMPASSED (en- 
kum'past).] Inclose or surround. 

SYN. Surround; environ; encircle; in- 
vest; beset. 

ENCOMPASSMENT (en-kum'pas-ment), n. Act 
of encompassing or state of being encom- 
passed. 

EN-CO QUILLE (ang-ko-kel'), a. In the shell; 
term applied in cookery to boiled eggs served 
in the shell. [Fr.] 

ENCORE (ang-korO, I. adv. Again; once more. 
II. n. Call for a repetition or for a reappear- 
ance, as by applauding a part of a play or a 
performance. [Fr.] 

ENCORE (ang-kor'), v. [pr.p. ENCOR'ING; p.U 
and p.p. ENCORED (ang-kord').] I. vt. To 
call for a reappearance or repetition of, as of a 
performer or a part in a play by applause. II. 
vi. Applaud loudly and heartily. 

ENCOUNTER (en-kown'ter), vt. [pr.p. EN- 
COUNTERING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOUN- 
TERED (en-kown'terd).] 1. Meet face to face, 
especially unexpectedly. 2. Meet in contest; 
assail. 3. Experience. [O. Fr. encoutrer; from 
L. in, in, and contra, against.] 

SYN. Meet; confront; face; withstand. 
ANT. Elude; avoid; escape; miss; shun. 

ENCOUNTER (en-kown'ter), n. 1. A meeting 
unexpectedly. 2. Hostile meeting; fight. 

ENCOURAGE (en-kur'aj), vt. [pr.p. ENCOUR'- 
AGING; p.t. and p.p. ENCOURAGED (en- 
kiir'ajd).] 1. Cheer on; embolden. 2. In- 
cite. 3. Help forward; promote; advance. 
[O. Fr. encoragier; from en, make, and corage, 
courage.] 

SYN. Embolden; rally; reassure; anl» 
mate; inspirit; prompt; abet; instigate; 
forward. ANT. Discourage; dispirit; deter. 

ENCOURAGEMENT (en-kur'aj-ment), n. 1. 
Act of encouraging. 2. That which en- 
courages. 

ENCOURAGING (en-kur'a-jing), a. Giving 
ground to hope for success; tending to give 
courage or confidence. 

ENCROACH (en-kroch'), vi. [pr.p. ENCROACH'- 
ING;p.f. and p.p. ENCROACHED (en-krocht').J 
Seize on the rights of others; intrude; tres- 
pass. [Fr. en, in, and croc, hook.] 

SYN. Invade; trespass; infringe; trench; 
intrude. ANT. Respect; observe; recognize. 



fate, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kht=ch in Scotch loch. 



ENCROACHMENT 



444 



ENDOWMENT 



ENCROACHMENT (en-kroch'ment), n. 1. Act 
of encroaching. 2. That which is taken hy 
encroaching. 

ENCUMBER (en-kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. ENCUM'- 
BERING; p.t. and p.p. ENCUMBERED (en- 
kum'berd).] 1. Impede the action of; em- 
barrass. 2. Load with debts. [Fr. cncombrer. 
See CUMBER.] 

ENCUMBRANCE (en-kum'brans), n. 1. That 
which encumbers. 2. Legal claim on an 
estate. 3. One dependent on another. 

ENCYCLIC (en-sik'lik), ENCYCLICAL (en-sik'- 
lik-al), I. a. Sent round to many persons or 
places; general. II. n. Encyclic letter. [Gr. 
en, in, and kyklos, circle.] 

ENCYCLOPEDIA, ENCYCLOPAEDIA (en-si- 
klo-pe'di-a)» n. Collection of the principles, 
principal facts, and discoveries in all branches 
of science and the arts, digested under proper 
titles, and arranged in an alphabetical order; 
cyclopedia. [Gr. engkyklopaideia — engkyklios, 
circular, and paideia, instruction.] 

ENCYCLOPEDIC (en-si-klo-pe'dik), a. Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, an encyclopedia. 

ENCYST (en-sisf), v. [pr.p. ENCYST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENCYST'ED.] I. vt. Inclose in a cyst. 
II. vi. Become inclosed in a cyst. 

ENCYSTED (en-sist'ed), a. Inclosed in a cyst. 

ENCYSTMENT (en-sist'ment), n. 1. Act of en- 
cysting. 2. State of being encysted. 3. Biol. 
Process by which internal parasites or infuso- 
rians become inclosed in bags. 

END (end), n. 1. Last point or portion; ter- 
mination; close. 2. Death. 3. Object aimed 
at. 4. Remnant. [A. S. ende.1 

END (end), v. [pr.p. END'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
END'ED.] I. vt. 1. Bring to an end; terminate; 
finish. 2. Make an end of; put to death; 
destroy. 3. Form or fit an end to. II. vi. Be 
finished; terminate; come to a close. 

ENDANGER (en-dan'jer), vt. [pr.p. ENDAN- 
GERING; p.t. and p.p. ENDANGERED (en- 
dan 'Jerd).] Place in danger. 

ENDEAR (en-der'), vt. [pr.p. ENDEAR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENDEARED (en-derd').] Make 
dear or more dear. 

ENDEARMENT (en-der'ment), n. 1. Act of en- 
dearing. 2. Caress. 

ENDEAVOR (en-dev'ur), v. [pr.p. ENDEAVOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ENDEAVORED (en-dev'- 
fird).] I. vt. Seek to effect; attempt; try. II. 
vi. Strive or work for a certain end; struggle. 
[Fr. en, in (with force of "to do"), and devoir, 
duty.] 

SYN. Essay; undertake; seek. ANT. 
Abandon; drop; quit; neglect; omit. 

ENDEAVOR (en-dev'ur), n. An exertion of 
power towards some object; attempt or trial. 

SYN. Effort; essay; exertion. ANT. In- 
activity; neglect; ease. 

ENDEAVORER (en-dev'tir-er), n. One who 
strives or exerts himself to a certain end. 

ENDEMIC (en-dem'ik), I. a. Peculiar to a peo- 



ple or district, as a disease or a plant. II. n. 
Disease of an endemic character. [Gr. en, 
in, and demos, people, district.] 

ENDING (end'ing), n. 1. Act of coming to an 
end; termination; conclusion. 2. That which 
is at an end. 3. Final part; extremity; end. 4. 
Gram. Terminating syllable or letter of a word. 

ENDIVE (en'div or en'div), n. Herb used for 
salad. [Fr. — L. intibus.~\ 

ENDLESS (end'les), a. 1. Without end in time; 
everlasting. 2. Without end in space; un- 
limited; boundless. 3. Without a terminal 
point, as an endless chain. 4. Objectless; 
purposeless; fruitless. 5. Without ceasing; 
incessant. 

SYN. Interminable; illimitable; eternal; 
infinite; perpetual; continuous. ANT. Ter- 
minable; limited; temporary; finite; pe- 
riodic. 

ENDLESSLY (end'les-li), adv. In an endless 
manner. 

ENDLONG (end'lang), tidv. Lengthwise; along. 

ENDMOST (end'most), a. Farthest; remotest. 

ENDOCARDIUM (en-do-kar'di-um), n. Lining 
membrane of the heart. [Gr. endon, within, 
and kardia, heart.] 

ENDOCARP (en'do-karp), n. Inner layer of a 
ripe ovary, as the stony shell of a cherry seed. 
[Gr.] 

ENDOCHROME (en'do-krom), n. The coloring 
matter of plants other than green. 

ENDODER3I (en'do-derm), n. Inner layer of 
the skin. [Gr.] 

ENDOGEN (en'do-jen), n. Plant that grows 
from within, or by additions to the inside of 
the stem, as the palm, grasses, etc. [Gr* 
endon, within, and genes, born.] 

ENDOGENOUS ( en-do j'en-us), a. Increasing 
by internal growth. 

ENDOPLEURA (en-dd-plo'ra), n. Bot. Mem- 
brane for the seed of a plant, the Innermost 
when there are three. [Gr. endon, within, 
and pleura, side.] 

ENDORM (en-darm'), vt. [pr.p. ENDORM'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENDORMED (en-darmd').] Hyp- 
notize. [Fr. endormir; from L. in, in, and 
dormio, sleep.] 

ENDORSE (en-dars'), vt. [pr.p. ENDORSING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENDORSED (en-darst').] 1. Write 
on the back of. 2. Assign by writing on the 
back of. 3. Give one's sanction to. 4. Lay 
on the back; load. See INDORSE, the com- 
monly preferred form of the word. 

ENDOSPERM (en'dd-sperm), n. Bot. Albumen 
of a seed. [Gr. endon, within, and sperma, 
seed.] 

ENDOW (en-dow'), vt. [pr.p. ENDOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENDOWED (en-dowd').] 1. Give a 
dowry to; settle an income on. 2. Enrich. 
[O. Fr. endouer.] 

ENDOWMENT ( en-do w'ment), n. 1. Act of 
endowing. 2. That which is settled on a per- 
son or institution. 3. Gift; talent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ENDUE 



445 



ENGINEER 



ENDUE (en-du'), vt. [pr.p. ENDUING; p.*. and 
p.p. ENDUED (en-dud') •] Invest or clothe; 
indue. [O. Fr. enduire.] 

ENDURABLE (en-dur'a-bl), a. That can be en- 
dured or borne. 

ENDURANCE (en-dur'ans), n. 1. State of en- 
during or bearing. 2. Continuance. 3. Suffer- 
ing patiently without sinking; patience. 

ENDURE (en-dur), v. [pr.p. ENDURING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENDURED (en-durd').] I. vt. 1. 
Remain firm under. 2. Tolerate. II. vi. 1. 
Remain firm. 2. Last. [Fr. — L. duro, last.] 

SYN. Withstand; bear; suffer; allow; 
brook; continue; remain; hold; abide; live. 
ANT. Fail; falter; sink; succumb; disallow; 
prohibit. 

ENDWAYS (end'waz), ENDWISE (end'wiz), adv. 

1. On end; upright. 2. With the end forward. 
ENEMA (e-ne'ma or en'e-ma), n. Injection. 

[Gr. en, in, and hieml, send.] 
ENEMY (en'e-mi), n. [pi. EN'EMIES.] Antag- 
onist; foe. [O. Fr. enetni — L. inimicus.] 
ENERGETIC (en-er-jet'ik), ENERGETICAL (en- 

er-jet'ik-al), a. Showing energy; active. 
SYN. Strenuous; forcible; effective; 

lively; potent; powerful; live. ANT. Weak; 

ineffective; inert; sluggish; inactive. 
ENERGIZE (en'er-jiz), v. [pr.p. EN'ERGIZING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENERGIZED (en'er-jizd).] I. vi. 

Act with vigor. II. vt. Give energy to. 
ENERGY (en'er-Ji), n. [pi. EN'ERGIES.] 1. 

Inherent power; power of operating. 2. 

Force of expression. [Gr. en, in, and ergon, 

work.] 

SYN. Efficiency; potency; capacity; 

spirit; resolution; determination; might; 

vigor; emphasis. ANT. Inertia; inertness; 

Impotence. 
ENERVATE (en'er-vat or e-ner'vat), vt. [pr.p. 

ENERVATING; p.t. and p.p. ENERVATED.] 

Deprive of strength, or courage. 

SYN. Weaken; enfeeble; debilitate. ANT. 

Strengthen; brace; nerve; invigorate. 
ENERVATION (en-er-va'shun), n. Act of en- 
ervating or state of being enervated. 
ENFEEBLE (en-fe'bl), vt. [pr.p. ENFEE'BLJNG; 

p.t. and p.p. ENFEEBLED (en-fe'bld).] Make 

feeble; weaken. 

SYN. See ENERVATE. 
ENFEEBLEMENT (en-fe'bl-ment), n. Enerva- 
tion. 
ENFEOFF (en-fef), vt. [pr.p. ENFEOFFING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENFEOFFED (en-feft').] Law. 

Invest with a possession in fee. [O. Fr. en- 

feffer; from en, in, and fief, fee.] 
ENFILADE (en-fl-lad'), n. Mil. 1. A fire that 

rakes a line of troops, etc., from end to end. 

2. Position exposed to a raking fire. [Fr.; 
from enfiler, thread.] 

ENFILADE (en-fl-lad'), vt. [pr.p. ENFILA'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENFILA'DED.] Rake with shot 
or missiles through the whole length of a line 
of, or be In a position to do so. 



ENFORCE (en-fors'), vt. [pr.p. ENFOR'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENFORCED (en-forst').] 1. Ex- 
ecute vigorously. 2. Gain by force. 3. Give 
force to. [O. Fr. enforcer; from en, in, and 
force, force.] 

ENFORCEMENT (en-fdrs'ment), n. 1. Act of en- 
forcing; compulsion. 2. That which enforces. 
3. State of being enforced. 

ENFRANCHISE (en-fran'chlz), vt. [pr.p. EN- 
FRANCHISING; p.t. and p.p. ENFRAN- 
CHISED (en-fran'chizd).] 1. Set free. 2. 
Give the franchise to, especially the right to 
vote. [EN- and FRANCHISE.] 

ENFRANCHISEMENT (en-fran'chiz-ment), n. 
Act of enfranchising or state of being en- 
franchised. 

ENGAGE (en-gaj'), v. [pr.p. ENGA'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENGAGED (en-gajd').] I. vt. 1. 
Bind by a gage or pledge. 2. Employ; hire; 
enlist. 3. Gain over; win. 4. Occupy the 
attention of. 5. Enter into conflict with; 
encounter. 6. Mech. Interlock. II. vi. 1. 
Pledge one's word. 2. Become bound. 3. 
Take part. 4. Enter into conflict. 5. Be- 
come interlocked; me^h. [Fr. engager; from 
en gage, in pledge.] 

ENGAGED ( en-gajd'), a. 1. Betrothed. 2. 
Occupied. 3. Arch. Partly built or sunk into, 
or so appearing. 4. Geared together; inter- 
locked. 

ENGAGEMENT (en-gaj'ment), n. 1. Act of 
engaging. 2. State of being engaged. 3. That 
which engages; promise; employment; fight. 

ENGAGING (en-ga'jing), a. Winning; attract- 
ive. 

ENGENDER (en-jen'der), v. [pr.p. ENGEN- 
DERING; p.t. and p.p. ENGENDERED (en- 
jen'derd).] I. vt. Cause to exist; originate; 
breed; produce. II. vi. Be caused or pro- 
duced; come into existence. [Fr. engender; 
from L. ingenero, generate.] 

ENGINE (en'jin), n. 1. Machine 
intended to produce some effect 
by help of the mechanical powers, 
as a steam-engine, flre-engrine, 
gas-engrtne. 2. Anything used 
to effect a purpose; instrument; 
means; tool. [Fr. engin; from 
L. ingenium, skill.] 

ENGINEER (en-ji-ner'), n. 1. 
Engine-driver or manager. 
2. Mil. One who directs 
military works. 3. 3Iana- 
ger. — Agricultural engineer, Vertical Engine. 
one who superintends the re- 
claiming of arid or swamp lands for agricul- 
tural purposes. — Civil engineer, one who 
superintends the construction of public works. 

ENGINEER (en-ji-ner'), v. [pr.p. ENGINEER'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ENGINEERED (en-ji-nerd').f| 

1. vt. 1. Superintend or control as engineer. 

2. Manage or carry through, as by skill of an 
engineer. II. vi. Act as an engineer. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. 



ENGINEERING 



446 



ENLIGHTEN 



ENGINEERING (cn-ji-ner'ing), n. 1. Business 
of an engineer, mechanical, civil, or military. 

2. Skillful management. 

ENGINERY (en'jin-ri), n. 1. Art or business 
of managing engines. 2. Engines collectively. 

3. Artful scheme or contrivance. 
ENGIRD (en-gerdO, vt. [pr.p. ENGIRD'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENGIRD 'ED or ENGIRT (en- 

gert').] Encircle; surround. 
ENGIRDLE (en-ger'dl), vt. [pr.p. ENGIR'DLING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENGIRDLED (en-ger'dld).] 

Surround with a girdle; girdle. 
ENGLAND (ing'gland), n. Forms, with Wales, 

the south and larger part of Island of Great 

Britain. 
ENGLISH (ing'glish), I. a. Of, derived from, or 

belonging to, England or its inhabitants. II. 

n. 1. Language, or the people of, the English 

race. 2. Print. Size of type between pica and 

great primer. See TYPE. [A. S. Englisc — 

Engle, the Angles who settled in Britain.] 

English (ing'glish), vt. [pr.p. eng'lishing; 

p.t. and p.p. ENGLISHED (ing'glisht).] 1. 
Translate into English. 2. Make English; 
Anglicize. 
ENGLISH CHANNEL. Sea between France 
and England. 

Englishman (ing'giish-man), n. [pi. eng'- 

LISHMEN.] 1. Native or 

naturalized inhabitant 

of England. 2. Man of 

the English race who 

preserves his distinc- 
tive racial character, 

wherever he resides. 
ENGORGE (en-garj'), vt. 

[pr.p.ENGORG'ING;p.f. 

and p.p. ENGORGED 

(en-garjd').] 1. Gorge; 

glut. 2. Devour. 
ENGORGEMENT (en- 
garj 'ment), n. 1. Act 

of engorging. 2. Pathol. 

An obstruction of an 

organ, passage, or tissue; congestion. 
ENGRAVE (en-grav'), vt. [pr.p. ENGRAVING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENGRAVED (en-gravd).] 1. 

Cut out in wood, steel, etc. (figures, letters, 

pictures or devices) with a graver. 2. Imprint; 

impress deeply. [EN- and GRAVE.] 
ENGRAVER (en-gra'ver), n. One who engraves. 
ENGRAVING (en-gra'ving), n. 1. Act or art of 




William Shakespeare 
English dramatist and 
poet. Born 1564, died, 
1616. 



_. :=lll 




l^wy 


■jr. 1 




%Mm^m§^K 



Wood engraving. 

cutting or Incising designs on metal, wood, 
etc., for the purpose of printing impressions 



in ink on paper, or other similar substance. 
2. Impression or print taken or printed from 
an engraved plate. See cuts under ETCHING, 
HALFTONE and SCREEN. 

ENGROSS (en-gros'), vt. [pr.p, ENGROSS'ING; 
p.U and p.p. ENGROSSED (en-grost').] 1. 
Occupy wholly; monopolize. 2. Make a fair 
copy of; copy or write in a bold hand. [Fr. 
en gros, in large.] 

ENGROSSMENT (en-gros'ment), n. 1. Act of 
engrossing. 2. That which is engrossed. 

ENGROSSER (en-gros'er), n. One who engrosses. 

ENGULF (en-gulf), vt. [pr.p. ENGULFING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENGULFED (en-gulft').] Swal- 
low up; absorb. 

ENHANCE (en-nans'), vt. [pr.p. ENHANCING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENHANCED (en-hanst').] Raise; 
heighten; increase; aggravate. [O. Fr. en, in, 
and haucer, raise.] 

SYN. Improve; swell; augment. ANT. 
Lessen; deteriorate; shrink. 

ENHANCEMENT (en-hans'ment), n. Act of 
enhancing or state of being enhanced; ad- 
vance; increase. 

ENIGMA (e-nig'ma), n. Hidden meaning to be 
guessed; riddle. [Gr. ainos, tale.] 

ENIGMATIC (e-nig-mat'ik), ENIGMATICAL 
(e-nig-mat'ik-al), a. Obscure; puzzling. 

ENIGMATIZE (e-nig'ma-tiz), vi. [pr.p. ENIG'- 
MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. ENIGMATIZED 
(e-nig'ma-tizd).] Speak or write in an enig- 
matic manner. 

ENJOIN (en-join'), vt. [pr.p. ENJOIN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ENJOINED (en-jbind').] Lay upon, 
as an order or injunction; direct with author- 
ity. [Fr. enjoindre — L. injungo.] 

ENJOY (en-joi'), vt. [pr.p. ENJOY'ING; p.U and 
p.p. ENJOYED (en-joid').] 1. Delight in. 2. 
Possess or use with joy. [O. Fr. enjolr, en* 
joy.] 

SYN. Like; relish; possess. ANT. Dis- 
like; disrelish; loathe. 

ENJOYABLE (en-joi'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
being enjoyed. 2. Giving enjoyment. 

ENJOYMENT (en-joi'ment), n. Act or condition 
of enjoying; pleasure. 2. Satisfactory posses- 
sion or use of anything. 

ENKINDLE (en-kin'dl), vt. [pr.p. ENKIN'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENKINDLED (en-kin 'did).] Kin- 
dle; enflame. 

ENLARGE (en-larj'), v. [pr.p. ENLAR'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENLARGED (en-larjd').] 1. 
Make larger in size, quantity or bulk. 2. 
Cause to appear larger; magnify. 3. Expand 
or extend; amplify. [EN- and LARGE.] 

SYN. Dilate; increase. ANT. Lessen; 
curtail; diminish. 

ENLARGEMENT (en-larj 'ment), n. 1. Act of 
enlarging. 2. State of being enlarged. 3. In- 
crease; extension. 4. Diffuseness of speech or 
writing. 5. Setting at large; release. 

ENLIGHTEN (en-lit'n), vt. [pr.p. ENLIGHTEN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ENLIGHTENED (en-Ut'nd).] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\\=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, )s.n=ch in Scotch loch. 



ENTOMOLOGICAL 



449 



ENVIRONMENT 



ENTOMOLOGICAL (en-to-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Of 

or pertaining to entomology. 
ENTOMOLOGIST (en-to-mol'o-jist), n. One 

learned in entomology. 
ENTOMOLOGY (en-to-mol'o-ji), n. Science 

of insects. [Gr. entoma, insects (temno, cut), 

and logos, discourse.] 
ENTOURAGE (ang-to-razh'), n. Specifically, 

one's customary associates or attendants; 

literally, surroundings. [Fr. entourer, sur- 
round.] 
EnTOZOA (en-to-zo'a), n.pl. Animals that live 

inside of other animals ; opposed to ECTOZOA. 

[Gr. entos, within, and zoon, animal.] 
ENTOZOAN (en-to-zd'an), I. a. Pertaining 

to the Entozoa. II. n. One of the Entozoa. 
ENTR'ACTE (ang-trakf), n. Music between 

the acts of a drama. [Fr.] 
ENTRAILS (en'tralz), n.pl. Bowels. [Fr. en- 

trailles — L. inter, within.] 
ENTRAIN (en-tran'), v. [pr.p. ENTRAIN'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENTRAINED (en-trand').] I. vt. 

1. Draw or bring on. 2. Put on board a rail- 
way train. II. vt. Go on board a train. 

ENTRANCE (en'trans), n. 1. Act of entering. 

2. Power or right to enter. 3. Place for en- 
tering; door. 4. Beginning. [Fr. entrer, 
enter.] 

ENTRANCE (en-trans'), vt. [pr.p. ENTRAN- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. ENTRANCED (en-transt).] 

1. Put into a trance. 2. Fill with rapture. 
[EN- and TRANCE.] 

ENTRANCEMENT (en-trans'ment), n. Act of 

entrancing or state of being entranced. 
ENTRAP (en-trap'), vt. [pr.p. ENTRAPPING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENTRAPPED (en-trapt').] Catch 

in a trap; insnare; entangle. 
ENTREAT (en-tref), vt. [pr.p. ENTREAT'ING ; 

p.t. and p.p. ENTREAT'ED.] Ask earnestly. 
ENTREATY (en-tret'i), n. 1. Act of entreating. 

2. Earnest prayer. 

ENTREE (ang-tra'), n. 1. Entry; freedom of 

access. 2. Subordinate dish served between 

principal courses. [Fr.] 
ENTREMETS (ang-tr-ma/), n.pl. Any dainty 

served between regular courses in bill of fare. 

[Fr.] 
ENTRENCH, vt. See INTRENCH. 
ENTREPOT (ang'tr-po), n. 1. Storehouse or 

depot. 2. Seaport through which exports 

and imports pass. [Fr.] 
ENTREPRENEUR (ang-tr-pre-nur'), n. Under- 
taker of constructive works; contractor. 

[Fr.] 
ENTROPY (en'tro-pi), n. Physics. Available 

energy. [Gr. en, in, and trepo, turn.] 
ENTRUST, vt. See INTRUST. 
ENTRY (en'tri), n. [pi. EN'TRIES.] 1. Act of 

entering. 2. Passage into. 3. Item entered 

or written. [Fr. entree — entrer, enter.] 
ENTWINE (en-twin'), vt. [pr.p. ENTWINING; 

p.t. and p.p. ENTWINED (en-twind').] Twine; 

wreathe. 



ENTWIST (en-twist), vt. [pr.p. ENTWIST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENTWIST'ED.] Twist round. 

ENUCLEATE (e-nu'kle-at), vt. [pr.p. ENU'- 
CLEATING ; p.t. and p.p. ENUCLEATED.] Lay 
bare; elucidate; solve. [L. e, out, and nu- 
cleus, kernel.] 

ENUCLEATION (e-nu-kle-a'shun), n. Act of 
enucleating or making clear; full exposition. 

ENUMERATE (e-nu'mer-at), vt. [pr.p. ENU- 
MERATING; p.t. and p.p. ENUMERATED.] 
Count the number of; name over. [L. e, 
out, and numero, number.] 

SYN. Number; reckon; recapitulate; cal- 
culate; compute; detail; rehearse. ANT. 
Summarize; epitomize. 

ENUMERATION (e-nu-mer-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of numbering. 2. Detailed account. 3. A 
summing up; recapitulation. 

ENUMERATIVE (e-nu'mer-a-tiv), a. Reckon- 
ing up. 

ENUMERATOR (e-nu'mer-a-tur), n. One who 
enumerates. 

ENUNCIABLE (e-nun'si-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being enunciated. 

ENUNCIATE (e-nun'si-at or e-nun'shi-at), vt. 
[pr.p. ENUNCIATING; p.t. and p.p. ENUN'- 
CIATED.] 1. State formally. 2. Pronounce 
distinctly. [L. e, out, and nuncio, tell.] 

ENUNCIATION (e-nun'si-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of enunciating. 2. Manner of uttering or 
pronouncing. 3. A distinct statement or 
declaration. 4. Geom. Words in which a 
proposition is stated. 

ENUNCIATIVE (e-nun'si-a-tiv), ENUNCIA- 
TORY (e-nun'si-a-to-ri), o. 1. Serving to 
enunciate. 2. Pertaining to enunciation. 

ENUNCIATOR (e-nun'si-a-tftr), n. One who 
enunciates. 

ENVELOP (en-vel'up), vt. [pr.p. ENVEL'OP- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. ENVELOPED (en-vel'upt).] 
Roll or fold in; cover by wrapping; surround 
entirely; hide. [Fr. envelopper.] 

ENVELOPE (en'vel-6p), n. That which envelops 
or covers, especially the cover of a letter. 

ENVELOPMENT (en-vel'up-ment), n. A wrap- 
ping or covering on all sides. 

ENVENOM (en-ven'um), vt. [pr.p. ENVEN'- 
OMING; p.t. and p.p. ENVENOMED (en-ven'- 
umd).] Poison; taint with bitterness or mal- 
ice. 

ENVIABLE (en'vi-a-bl), a. Capable of exciting 
envy. 

ENVIOUS (en'vi-us), a. 1. Feeling envy. 2. 
Directed or prompted by envy. 

ENVIOUSLY (en'vi-us-li), adv. In an envious 
manner. 

ENVIRON (en-vl'run), vt. [pr.p. ENVIRONING; 
p.t. and p.p. ENVIRONED (en-vi'rund).] Sur- 
round; encompass; invest. [Fr. environner; 
from environ, around.] 

ENVIRONMENT (en- vi'run-ment), n. 1. Act of 
environing or surrounding. 2. That which 
environs; surroundings. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch lock. 



ENVIRONS 



450 



EPIGASTRIUM 



ENVIRONS (en-virunz), n.pl. Outskirts of a 
city; neighborhood. 

ENVOY (en'voi), n. 1. Messenger. 2. Minister 
to a foreign government. [Er. envoye, sent.] 

ENVY (en'vi), vt. [pr.p. ENVYING; p.t. and p.p. 
ENVIED (en'vid).] 1. Look upon longingly, 
and often grudgingly. 2. Hate on account 
of prosperity. [Fr. envie — L. in, on, and 
video, look.] 

ENVY (en'vi), n. 1. Pain at the sight of anoth- 
er's good fortune. 2. Wicked desire to sup- 
plant one. 

ENWRAP (en-rap), INWRAP (in-rap'), vt. [pr. 
p. ENWRAPPING; p.t. and p.p. ENWRAPPED 
(en-rapt').] 1. Cover by wrapping. 2. En- 
gross. 

ENZOOTIC (en-zo-ot'ik), I. a. Endemic among 
animals in a particular district. II. n. Dis- 
ease of this character. [Gr. en, among, and 
zoon, animal.] 

ENZYM, ENZYME (en'zim), n. 1. Any unor- 
ganized ferment. 2. Leavened bread; op- 
posed to AZYM. [Gr. en, in, and zyme, leaven.] 

EOCENE (e'6-sen), a. Geol. First in time of 
the three subdivisions of the Tertiary forma- 
tion. [Gr. eos, dawn, and kainos, new.] 

EOLIAN, i^OLIAN (e-oli-an), EoLIC r JEo- 
LIC (e-ol'ik), a. 1. Belonging to >Eolia, in 
Asia Minor. 2. Pertaining to ^Eolus, god of 

4 the winds. 3. Played upon by the wind. 

EOLIAN, AEOLIAN HARP (e-6'li-an harp). 
Stringed instrument giving music by the 
wind's action. 

EON, ^EON (e'dn), n. Immeasurable period of 
time; age. [Gr. axon, age.] 

EOS (e'os), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of Hype- 
rion and sister of Helios and Selene; goddess 
of the dawn, identified with the Roman Aurora. 

EOSIN (e'o-sin), n. Bright red aniline dye in 
form of brownish crystals. 

EP-, prefix. See EPI-. 

EPACT (ep'akt or e'pakt), n. Term denoting 
the excess of the solar month above the lunar, 
or of the solar year above the lunar year of 
twelve synodical months. 
[Gr. epakte; from epi, on, 
and ago, lead.] 

EPAULET, EPAULETTE 
(ep'a-let),n. Fringed shoul- 
der-piece worn by a mili- 
tary or naval officer. [Fr. 
— epaule, shoulder.] 

EPERGNE (a-pern), n. Or- 
namental stand to hold 
flowers, bonbons, etc.; used 
as a center-piece for a din- 
ner-table. [Etym. doubt- 
ful; perhaps from Fr. 
epargne, saving.] 

EPH-, prefix. See EPI-. 

Ephemera (ef-em'er-a), 

n. 1. Genus of short- 
lived Insects; May-fly. 2. 




one day's continuance only. [Gr. ephemeros, 
for a day; from epi-, on, and hemera, day.] 

EPHEMERAL (ef-em'er-al), a. Existing only 
for a day; short-lived; transitory. 

EPHE3IERID (ef-em'e-rid), n. Insect of the 
family JEphemeridce; May-fly. 

EpHEMERID^ (ef-e-mer'i-de), n.pl. Family 
of neuropterous insects; May-flies. [See 
EPHEMERA.] 

EPHIALTES (ef-i-al'tez), n. Greek Myth. A 
giant son of Poseidon (Neptune), who grew 
nine inches every month; with Otus, his 
brother, he fought the Olympian gods; was 
slain by Apollo. 

EPHOD (ef'od), n. Linen surplice of Jewish 
priests. [Heb. dphad, put on.] 

EPI-, prefix. Upon; beside; over; among; 
after. It becomes eph- before an aspirate, 
and ep- before a vowel. [Gr]. 

EPIC (ep'ik), I. a. Narrating a great event in an 
elevated style. II. n. Heroic poem. [Gr. 
epikos — epos, word.] 

EPICARDIUM (ep-i-kar'di-um), n. Part of 
pericardium that is directly united with the 
heart. [Gr. epi-, upon, and kardia, heart.] 

EPICARP (ep'i-karp), n. Outer skin of a fruit, 
as the plum. [Gr. karpos, fruit.] 

EPICENE (ep'i-sen), a. and n. 1. Common to 
both sexes. 2. Gram. Of either gender. 
Gr. epikoinos — epi, upon, and koinos, com- 
mon.] 

EPICURE (ep'i-kur), n. 1. Formerly, a follower 
of Epicurus, a Greek philosopher, who taught 
that pleasure was the chief good. 2. [e-] 
One devoted to the luxuries of the table. 

EPICUREAN (ep-i-ku're-an), I. a. 1. Per- 
taining to Epicurus. 2. [e-] Given to luxury. 
II. n. 1. Follower of Epicurus. 2. [e-] One 
given to the luxuries of the table. 

EPICYCLE (ep'i-si-kl), n. Circle having its 
center on the circumference of a greater cir- 
cle on which it moves. [Gr. epikyklos; from 
epi, upon, and kyklos, circle.] 

EPICYCLOID (ep-i-si'kloid), n. Geom. Curve 
described by every point in the plane of a cir- 
cle moving on the convex circumference of 
another circle. 

EPIDEMIC (ep-i-dem'ik), I. a. Affecting a 
whole people; general. II. n. Disease falling 
on great numbers. [Gr. epi, upon, and demos, 
people.] 

EPIDEMIOLOGY (ep-i-dem-i-olo-ji), n. Study 
of the origin and cause of epidemics. 

EPIDERMIC (ep-i-der'mik), EPIDERMAL (ep- 
i-der'mal), a. Of or belonging to the epider- 
mis; cuticular. 

EPIDERMIS (ep-i-der'mis), n. Cuticle; outer 
skin. [Gr. epi, upon, and derma, skin.] 

EPIGASTRIC (ep-i-gas'trik), a. Of or per- 
taining to the epigastrium. 

EPIGASTRIUM (ep-i-gas'tri-um), n. [pi. EP- 
IGAS'TRIA.] Upper part of the abdomen. 
[Gr. epi, upon, and gaster, stomach.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; cil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



EPIGLOTTIS 



451 



EPOCH 



EPIGLOTTIS (ep-i-glot'is), n. [pi. EPIGLOT- 
TISES (ep-i-glot'i-dez).] Cartilaginous ap- 
pendage at the root of the tongue that closes 
che glottis (opening of the larynx) when food 
or drink is swallowed. [Gr. epiglottis; from 
epi, upon, and glotta (glossa), tongue.] 

EPIGRAM (epi-gram), n. 1. Short witty poem 
on a subject. 2. Any concise, pointed, sar- 
castic saying. [Gr. epi, upon, and gramma, 
writing.] 

EPIGRAMMATIC (ep-i-gram-mat'ik), EPI- 
GRAM3IATICAL (ep-i-gram-mat'ik-al), a. 1. 
Relating to or dealing in epigrams. 2. Like 
an epigram; concise and pointed. 

EPIGRAPH (ep'i-graf), n. 1. An inscription, 
especially on a building. 2. Citation or motto 
at the commencement of a book or its parts. 

EPIGTNOUS (e-pij'i-nus), a. Bot. Growing 
upon or above the ovary, or appearing to do 
so, as the stamens and corolla of the cran- 
berry. [Gr. epi, upon, and gyne, woman.] 

EPILEPSY (ep'i-lep-si), n. Disease of the brain 
attended by convulsions and unconsciousness; 
falling sickness. [Gr. epilepsis, seizure.] 

EPILEPTIC (ep-i-lep'tik), I. a. Pertaining to or 
afflicted with epilepsy. II. n. An epileptic 
patient. 

EPILEPTICAL (ep-i-lep'tik-al), a. Epileptic. 

EPILOGUE (ep'i-log), n. Speech or short poem 
at the end of a play. [Gr. epilogos, conclusion. ] 

EPIPETALOUS (ep-i-pet'a-lus), a. Bot. Having 
the stamens on the corolla, as in the phlox. 

EPIPHANY (e-pif'a-ni), n. Christian festival, 
celebrated on January 6, in commemoration 
of the appearance of Christ to the Gentiles (the 
wise men of the East). [Gr. epi, upon, and 
phaino, show.] 

EPIPHYTE (ep'i-fit), n. One of a species of 
plants attached to trees and deriving their 
nourishment from the decaying portions of the 
bark, and perhaps also from the air. [Gr. epi, 
upon, and phyton, plant.] 

EPISCOPACY (e-pis'ko-pa-si), n. 1. Govern- 
ment of the church by bishops. 2. Rank or 
office of a bishop. [See BISHOP.] 

EPISCOPAL (e-pis'ko-pal), a. 1. Governed by 
bishops; pertaining to bishops. 2. [E-] 
Anglican. 

Episcopalian (e-pis-ko-pa'ii-an), i. n. one 

who belongs to the Episcopal or Anglican 
Church. II. o. Pertaining to the Episcopal 
Church. 

EPISCOPALLY (e-pis'ko-pal-i), adv. In the 
manner of an episcopacy; by a bishop. 

EPISCOPATE (e-pis'ko-pat), n. 1. Bishopric. 
2. Office of a bishop. 3. Order of bishops. 

EPISODE (ep'i-sod), n. Story introduced into a 
narrative or poem to give variety; interesting 
incident. [Gr. epi, upon, eis, into, and ho- 
dos, way.] 

EPISODIC (ep-i-sod'ik), EPISODAL (ep'i-so- 
dal), EPISODIAL ( ep-i-so'di-al ), EPISOD- 
ICAL (ep-i-sod'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or 



contained in an episode. 2. Brought in as a 
digression. 

EPISODICALLY (ep-i-sod'ik-al-i), adv. Byway 
of episode; incidentally. 

EPISPERM (ep'i-sperm), n. Bot. The outer 
skin of a seed, the middle coat being the endo- 
pleura, and, the inner, the endosperm. 

EPISTLE (e-pis'l), n. 1. Letter. 2. Eucha- 
ristic lesson, generally from New Testament 
Epistles, read before the Gospel. 

EPISTOLARY (e-pis'to-la-ri), EPISTOLIC (ep- 
is-tol'ik), EPISTOLIC AL (ep-is-tol'ik-al), a. 
1. Pertaining to or consisting of letters. 2. 
Suitable to an epistle. 3. In letters. 

EPITAPH (ep'i-taf), n. Inscription upon a tomb. 
[Gr. taphos, tomb.] 

EPITHALAMIUM (ep-i-tha-la'mi-um), n. [pi. 
EPITHALA'MIA.] Song or poem in celebra- 
tion of a marriage. [Gr. epi, upon, and 
ihalamos, bride-chamber.] 

EPITHELIUM (ep-i-the'li-um), n. Anat. Cell- 
tissue which invests the outer surface of the 
body and the mucous membranes connected 
with it, and also the closed cavities of the 
body. [Gr. epi, upon, and thele, nipple.] 

EPITHET (ep'i-thet), n. Adjective expressing 
some quality of the object to which it is ap- 
plied. [Gr. epi, on, and tithemi, place.] 
SYN. Style ; title ; cognomen ; appellation. 

EPITHETIC (ep-i-thet'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to 
an epithet. 2. Abounding with epithets. 

EPITOME (e-pit'o-me), n. Short summary. 
[Gr. epi, upon, and temno, cut.] 

SYN. Abridgment; abbreviation; re- 
duction; contraction; summary; abstract; 
condensation. ANT. Elongation; elabora- 
tion; amplification; explication. 

EPITOMIST (e-pit'o-mist), n. One who epito- 
mizes. 

EPITOMIZE (e-pit'o-miz), vt. [pr.p. EPIT'O- 
MIZING; p.t. and p.p. EPITOMIZED (e-pit'o- 
mizd).] Make an epitome of; shorten. 

EPITOMIZER (e-pit'o-mi-zer), n. Epitomist. 

EpIZOA (ep-i-zo'a), n.pl. Animals, parasitic 
upon the external surface of other animals. 
[Gr. epi, on, and zoa (pi. of zoon), animals.] 

EPIZOAN (ep-i-zo'an), n. One of the Epizoa. 

EPIZOIC (ep-i-zo'ik), a. Of, pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, the Epizoa. 

EPIZOON (ep-i-zo'on), n. [pi. EPIZOA (ep-i- 
zo'a).] An epizoan. 

EPIZOOTIC (ep-i-zo-ot'ik), a. Pertaining or 
relating to diseases among animals of the na- 
ture of an epidemic. [Gr. epi, on, and zoa, 
animals.] 

EPIZOOTIC (ep-i-zo-ot'ik), EPIZOOTY (ep-i- 
zd'o-ti), n. Epizootic disease, especially a 
prevailing influenza among horses. 

EPOCH (ep'ok or e'pok), n. Period or point of 
time made remarkable by some great event. 
[Gr. epoche, stop.] 

SYN. Age; era; division; time; eon; 
cycle; period. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



EPODE 



453 



EQUITABLY 



EPODE (ep'od), n. 1. Kind of lyric poem in 
which a longer verse is followed by a shorter 
one. 2. Last part of a lyric ode. [Gr. 
cpodos; from epi, on, and ode, ode.] 

EpSOiM-SALT (ep'sum-salt), n. Sulphate of 
magnesia, a cathartic. 

EQUABILITY (e-kwa-bil'i-ti or ek-wa-bil'i-ti), 
n. State or condition of being equable. 

EQUABLE (e'kwa-bl or ek'wa-bl,) a. Equal 
and uniform; not variable. [L. cequabilis.] 

EQUABLY (e'kwa-bli or ek'wa-bli), adv. In an 
equable manner. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), a. 1. Alike, or agreeing in 
bulk, magnitude, dimensions, degree, value, 
quality, etc. 2. Adequate. 3. In just pro- 
portion or relation. 4. Evenly balanced. 5. 
Having the same interest or concern. 6. 
Impartial; just; fair. [L. cequalis; from 
cequus, even.] 

SYN. Uniform; commensurate; coordi- 
nate; adequate; coextensive; smooth. ANT. 
Unequal; incommensurate; inadequate; 
variable. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), n. One of the same age, rank, 
or condition. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), vt. [pr.p. E'QUALING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUALED (e'kwald).] Be or make 
equal to. 

EQUALITY (e-kwol'i-ti), n. [pi. EQUALITIES.] 
Condition of being equal; sameness; even- 
ness; equability. 

EQUALIZATION (e-kwal-i-za/shun), n. Act of 
equalizing or state of being equalized. 

EQUALIZE (e'kwal-iz), vt. [pr.p. EQUALI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. EQUALIZED (e'kwal -izd).] 

1. Make equal. 2. Represent as equal. 
EQUALLY (e'kwal-i), adv. 1. Alike. 2. Even- 
ly; equably; uniformly. 

EQUALNESS (e'kwal-nes), n. State of being 
equal; evenness; uniformity. 

EQUANIMITY (e-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. Evenness 
of mind or temper. [L. asquus, equal, and 
animus, mind.] 

EQUATE (e-kwat), vt. [pr.p. EQUA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUA'TED.] 1. Reduce to an aver- 
age or to a common standard of comparison. 

2. Regard as equal. 

EQUATION (e-kwa'shun), n. Alg. 1. State- 
ment of the equality of two quantities. 2. 
Reduction to a mean proportion. 

EQUATOR (e-kwa'tur), n. 1. Geog. Circle pass- 
ing round the middle of the globe, and dividing 
it into two equal parts. 2. Astron. Equi- 
noctial. [L. cequus, equal.] 

EQUATORIAL (e-kwa-to'ri-al), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to the equator. II. n. Equatorial 
telescope, an instrument for observing and 
following a celestial body in any part of its 
diurnal course. 

EQUATORIALLY (e-kwa-to'ri-al-i), adv. So as 
to have motion or direction parallel to the 
equator. 

E QUERY, EQUERRY (ek'we-ri), n. [pi. EQ'- 



UERIES, EQUERRIES.] One who has the 
charge of horses. [Fr. ecurie, stable.] 

EQUESTRIAN (e-kwes'tri-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to horses or horsemanship; on horseback. II. 
n. One who rides on horseback. [L. equester 
— equus, horse.] 

EQUESTRIANISM (e-kwes'tri-an-izm), n. 
Horsemanship. 

EQUESTRIENNE (e-kwes-tri-en'), n. Woman 
given to or skilled in riding horseback. 
[Formed from EQUESTRIAN and Fr. fern, 
suffix -enne.] 

EQUI-, prefix. Equal. [L. cequus.] 

EQUIANGULAR (e-kwi-ang'gu-lar), a. Having 
equal angles. 

EQUIDISTANT (e-kwi-dis'tant), a. Equally 
distant (from). 

EQUILATERAL (e-kwi-lat'er-al), a. Having all 
the sides equal. 

EQUILIBRIST (e-kwil'i-brist), w. Performer of 
hazardous balancing feats. [L. cequus, equal, 
and libra, balance.] 

EQUILIBRIUM (e-kwi-lib'ri-um), n. Equi- 
poise; equality of weight or force; state of 
rest produced by the counteraction of equal 
forces [L. cequus, equal, and libra, balance.] 

EQUINE (e'kwin), I. a. Pertaining to a horse 
or horses. II. n. Horse. [L. equinus — equus.] 

EQUINOCTIAL (e-kwi-nok'shal), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to the equinoxes, the time of the equinoxes, 
or to the regions about the equator. II. n. 
Circle in the heavens corresponding to equator 
of the earth, so called because when the sun 
crosses it, days and nights are equal. 

EQUINOX (e'kwi-noks), n. 1. Time when the 
sun enters one of the equinoctial points (first 
point of Aries, March 21, and the first point of 
Libra, September 23), making day and night 
of equal length. 2. Equinoctial gale. [L. 
cequus, equal, and nox, night.] 

EQUIP (e-kwip), vt. [pr.p. EQUIP'PING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUIPPED (e-kwipt').] 1. Furnish 
with everything needed for any service or 
work; fit out. 2. Dress out; array; accouter. 
[Fr. equiper; from Ice. skipa, set in order; from 
ship, ship.] 

EQUIPAGE (ek'wi-paj), n. 1. Furnishings re- 
quired for a service, as armor of a soldier, etc. 
2. Carriage and attendants. 

EQUIPMENT (e-kwip'ment), n. 1. Act of equip- 
ping. 2. State of being equipped. 3. Things 
used in equipping. 

EQUIPOISE (e'kwi-poiz), n. Equality of weight 
or force; balance; equilibrium. 

EQUITABLE (ek'wi-ta-bl), a. 1. Possessing or 
exhibiting equity. 2. Held or exercised in 
equity. 

SYN. Fair; just; impartial. ANT. Unfair; 
unjust; partial. 

EQUITABLENESS (ek'wi-ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being equitable. 

EQUITABLY (ek'wi-ta-bli), adv. In an equi- 
table manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
\X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 






E QUIT ANT 



453 



ERMINE 



EQUITANT (ek'wi-tant), a. Bot. Overlapping 
or riding. 

EQUITY (ek'wi-ti), n. [pi. EQ'UITIES.] 1. Im- 
partiality; desire to give to each man his due. 
2. System of jurisprudence supplemental of 
common law. [Fr. equite.] 

EQUIVALENCE (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. State of 
being equivalent. [L. wquus, equal, and valeo, 
be strong.] 

EQUIVALENT (e-kwiv'a-lent), I. a. Equal in 
value, power, meaning, etc. II. n. That 
which is equivalent. 

EQUIVOCAL (e-kwiv'o-kal), a. Meaning two 
or more things; of doubtful meaning; am- 
biguous. [L. cequus, equal, and vox, voice, 
word.] 

SYN. Dubious; doubtful; indefinite; in- 
determinate. ANT. Plain; direct; clear; 
unequivocal. 

EQUIVOCATE(e-kwiv'o-kat),vi. [pr.p. EQUIV- 
OCATING; p.t. and p.p. EQUIVOCATED.] 
Use equivocal or doubtful words in order to 
mislead. 

EQUIVOCATION (e-kwiv-o-ka'shun), n. Act of 
equivocating. 

SYN. Ambiguity; evasion; prevarication; 
subterfuge; shift; quibble. 

EQUIVOCATOR (e-kwiv'o-ka-tur), n. One who 
equivocates. 

EQUIVOKE, EQUIVOQUE (ek'wi-vok), ». 
Equivocal expression; equivocation. 

ERA (e'ra), n. 1. Period of time marked by a 
new order of things. 2. Important date. 
[L. L. cera.] 

SYN. See EPOCH. 

ERADIATE (e-ra'di-at), vt. [pr.p. ERA'DIA- 
TING;p.*. and p.p. ERA'DIATED.] Shootout 
like a ray of light. [L. e, out, and radius, ray. ] 

ERADIATION (e-ra-di-a'shun), n. Act of 
eradiating. 

ERADICATE (e-rad'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. ERADICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ERADICATED.] Pull up 
by the roots; destroy; extirpate. [L. eradico, 
root out; from e, out, and radix, root.] 

ERADICATION (e-rad-i-ka'shun), n. Act of 
eradicating or state of being eradicated. 

ERADICATIVE (e-rad'i-ka-tiv), a. Serving to 
eradicate. 

ERADICATOR (e-rad'i-ka-tur), n. One who or 
that which eradicates. 

ERASABLE (e-ra'sa-bl), a. Capable of being 
erased. 

ERASE (e-ras'), vt. [pr.p. ERA'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. ERASED (e-rast').] Rub or scrape out; 
efface. [L. erasus, p.p. of erado, scrape out; 
from e, out, and rado, scrape.] 

ERASEMENT ( e-ras 'ment), n. 1. Act of erasing. 
2. Anything erased, or place where erased 
from. 

ERASER (e-ra'ser), n. One who or that which 
erases; contrivance for removing ink-marks 
chalk-marks or pencil-marks. 

ERASION (e-ra'zhun), n. Erasure. 



ERASURE (e-ra'zhor), n. 1. Act of erasing. 

2. Place where something written has been 
rubbed or scraped out. 

ERE (ar), I. adv. Previously; before. II. conj. 

Sooner than ; rather than. III. prep. Before. 

[A. S. wr.] 
EREBUS (er'e-bus), n. Greek Myth. 1. Son of 

Chaos and Darkness; an infernal deity. 2. A 

cavern through which the shades passed on 

their way to Hades. 
ERECT (e-rekf), a. 1. Upright. 2. Directed 

upward. [L. erectus, p.p. of erigo, set up; from 

e, out, and rego, lead straight.] 
ERECT (e-rekf), vt. [pr.p. ERECT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. ERECTED.] 1. Set upright. 2. Raise. 

3. Build. 4. Exalt. 5. Establish; institute. 
ERECTILE (e-rekt'il), a. Capable of being 

erected. 

ERECTION (e-rek'shun), n. 1. Act of erecting 
or raising. 2. State of being erected; exalta- 
tion. 3. Anything erected; building. [L. 
erectus.'] 

ERECTIVE (e-rekt'iv), a. Tending to erect. 

ERECTLY (e-rekt'li), adv. In an erect manner. 

ERECTNESS (e-rekt'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being erect. 

ERECTOR (e-rekt'ur), n. 1. One who or that 
which erects or raises. 2. Anat. Muscle 
which assists in erecting a part or an organ. 

ERELONG (ar'lang), adv. Before long; soon. 

EREMITE (er'e-mit), n. Hermit or recluse. 
[Gr. eremites — eremos, deserted.] 

ERENOW (ar'now), adv. Before this time. 

ERG (erg), n. Physics. Unit of work; quantity 
of work done by a force which, acting for one 
second upon a mass of one gram, produces a 
velocity of one centimeter per second; work 
accomplished when a body is moved through 
a distance of one centimeter with the force of 
one dyne. [Gr. ergon, work.] 

ERGMETER (erg'me-ter), n. Device for meas- 
uring the work of an electric current in ergs. 
[ERG and -METER.] 

ERGO (er'go), adv. Therefore; hence. [L.] 

ERGOGRAPH (er'go-graf), ERGOMETER (er- 
gom'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring 
fatigue or mental excitement. [Gr. ergon, work, 
and grapho, write.] 

ERGOT (er'got), n. 1. Fungus Infecting wheat, 
rye, etc. 2. Poisonous medicine made from 
the spawn of the fungus. [O. Fr. argot, 
spur.] 

JcjRIE (e'ri), .LAKE. Between Canada and 
United States. Area 9000 sq. m. 

-LriNYS (er-in'is), n. [pi. ERINYES (er-in'i-ez).] 
Greek Myth. Any 
one of three aven- 
ging deities, corre- 
sponding to the Ro- 
man Furies. [Gr., 

tury.J Ermine (Putoriuserminea). 

ERMINE (er'min), n. 

1. Northern animal of the weasel tribe, 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
'i-u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



EPODE 



453 



EQUITABLY 



EPODE (ep'od), n. 1. Kind of lyric poem in 
which a longer verse is followed by a shorter 
one. 2. Last part of a lyric ode. [Gr. 
cpodos; from epi, on, and ode, ode.] 

EpSOM-SALT (ep'sum-salt), n. Sulphate of 
magnesia, a cathartic. 

EQUABILITY (e-kwa-bil'i-ti or ek-wa-bil'i-ti), 
n. State or condition of being equable. 

EQUABLE (e'kwa-bl or ek'wa-bl,) a. Equal 
and uniform; not variable. [L. cequabilis.] 

EQUABLY (e'kwa-bli or ek'wa-bli), adv. In an 
equable manner. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), o. 1. Alike, or agreeing in 
bulk, magnitude, dimensions, degree, value, 
quality, etc. 2. Adequate. 3. In just pro- 
portion or relation. 4. Evenly balanced. 5. 
Having the same interest or concern. 6. 
Impartial; just; fair. [L. wqualis; from 
cequus, even.] 

STN. Uniform; commensurate; coordi- 
nate; adequate; coextensive; smooth. ANT. 
Unequal; incommensurate; inadequate; 
variable. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), n. One of the same age, rank, 
or condition. 

EQUAL (e'kwal), vt. [pr.p. E'QUALING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUALED (e'kwald).] Be or make 
equal to. 

EQUALITY (e-kwol'i-ti), n. [pi. EQUAL'ITIES.] 
Condition of being equal; sameness; even- 
ness; equability. 

EQUALIZATION (e-kwal-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
equalizing or state of being equalized. 

EQUALIZE (e'kwal-iz), vt. [pr.p. E'QUALI- 
ZEVG; p.t. and p.p. EQUALIZED (e'kwal-izd).] 

1. Make equal. 2. Represent as equal. 
EQUALLY (e'kwal-i), adv. 1. Alike. 2. Even- 
ly; equably; uniformly. 

EQUALNESS (e'kwal-nes), n. State of being 
equal; evenness; uniformity. 

EQUANIMITY (e-kwa-nim'i-ti), n. Evenness 
of mind or temper. [L. wquus, equal, and 
animus, mind.] 

EQUATE (e-kwaf), vt. [pr.p. EQUA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUA'TED.] 1. Reduce to an aver- 
age or to a common standard of comparison. 

2. Regard as equal. 

EQUATION (e-kwa'shun), n. Alg. 1. State- 
ment of the equality of two quantities. 2. 
Reduction to a mean proportion. 

EQUATOR (e-kwa'tur), n. 1. Geog. Circle pass- 
ing round the middle of the globe, and dividing 
it into two equal parts. 2. Astron. Equi- 
noctial. [L. wquus, equal.] 

EQUATORIAL (e-kwa-to'ri-al), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to the equator. II. n. Equatorial 
telescope, an instrument for observing and 
following a celestial body in any part of its 
diurnal course. 

EQUATORIALLY(e-kwa-to'ri-al-i), adv. So as 
to have motion or direction parallel to the 
equator. 

EQUERY, EQUERRY (ek'we-ri), n. [pi. EQ'- 



UERIES, EQ'UERRIES.] One who has the 
charge of horses. [Fr. ecurie, stable.] 

EQUESTRIAN (e-kwes'tri-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to horses or horsemanship; on horseback. II. 
n. One who rides on horseback. [L. equester 
— equus, horse.] 

EQUESTRIANISM (e-kwes'tri-an-izm), n. 
Horsemanship. 

EQUESTRIENNE (e-kwes-tri-en'), n. Woman 
given to or skilled in riding horseback. 
[Formed from EQUESTRIAN and Fr. fern. 
suffix -enne.~\ 

EQUI-, prefix. Equal. [L. mquus.] 

EQUIANGULAR (e-kwi-ang'gu-lar), a. Having 
equal angles. 

EQUIDISTANT (e-kwi-dis'tant), a. Equally 
distant (from). 

E QUILATERAL (e-kwi-lat'er-al), a. Having all 
the sides equal. 

EQUILIBRIST (e-kwil'i-brist), n. Performer of 
hazardous balancing feats. [L. cequus, equal, 
and libra, balance.] 

EQUILIBRIUM (e-kwi-lib'ri-um), n. Equi- 
poise; equality of weight or force; state of 
rest produced by the counteraction of equal 
forces [L. cequus, equal, and libra, balance.] 

EQUINE (e'kwin), I. a. Pertaining to a horse 
or horses. II. n. Horse. [L. equimis — equus.] 

EQUINOCTIAL (e-kwi-nok'shal), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to the equinoxes, the time of the equinoxes, 
or to the regions about the equator. II. n. 
Circle in the heavens corresponding to equator 
of the earth, so called because when the sun 
crosses it, days and nights are equal. 

EQUINOX (e'kwi-noks), n. 1. Time when the 
sun enters one of the equinoctial points (first 
point of Aries, 3Iarch 31, and the first point of 
Libra, September 23), making day and night 
of equal length. 2. Equinoctial gale. [L. 
cequus, equal, and nox, night.] 

EQUIP (e-kwip), vt. [pr.p. EQUIPPING; p.t. 
and p.p. EQUIPPED (e-kwipt').] 1. Furnish 
with everything needed for any service or 
work; fit out. 2. Dress out; array; accouter. 
[Fr. equiper;lrom Ice. skipa, set in order; from 
skip, ship.] 

EQUIPAGE (ek'wi-paj), n. 1. Furnishings re- 
quired for a service, as armor of a soldier, etc. 
2. Carriage and attendants. 

EQUIPMENT (e-kwip'ment), n. 1. Act of equip- 
ping. 2. State of being equipped. 3. Things 
used in equipping. 

EQUIPOISE (e'kwi-poiz), n. Equality of weight 
or force; balance; equilibrium. 

EQUITABLE (ek'wi-ta-bl), a. 1. Possessing or 
exhibiting equity. 2. Held or exercised in 
equity. 

SYN. Fair; just; impartial. ANT. Unfair; 
unjust; partial. 

EQUITABLENESS (ek'wi-ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being equitable. 

EQUITABLY (ek'wi-ta-bli), adv. In an equi- 
table manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



E QUIT ANT 



453 



ERMINE 



EQUITANT (ek'wi-tant), a. Bot. Overlapping 
or riding. 

EQUITY (ek'wi-ti), n. [pi. EQ'UITIES.] 1. Im- 
partiality; desire to give to each man his due. 
2. System of jurisprudence supplemental of 
common law. [Fr. equite.] 

EQUIVALENCE (e-kwiv'a-lens), n. State of 
being equivalent. [L. cequus, equal, and valeo, 
be strong.] 

EQUIVALENT (e-kwiv'a-lent), I. a. Equal in 
value, power, meaning, etc. II. n. That 
which is equivalent. 

EQUIVOCAL (e-kwiv'o-kal), a. Meaning two 
or more things; of doubtful meaning; am- 
biguous. [L. cequus, equal, and vox, voice, 
word.] 

SYN. Dubious; doubtful; indefinite; in- 
determinate. ANT. Plain; direct; clear; 
unequivocal. 

EQUIVOCATE(e-kwiv'o-kat),«i. [pr.p. EQUIV- 
OCATING; p.t. and p.p. EQUIVOCATED.] 
Use equivocal or doubtful words in order to 
mislead. 

EQUIVOCATION (e-kwiv-o-ka'shun), n. Act of 
equivocating. 

SYN. Ambiguity; evasion; prevarication; 
subterfuge; shift; quibble. 

EQUIVOCATOR (e-kwiv'o-ka-tfir), n. One who 
equivocates. 

EQUIVOKE, EQUIVOQUE (ek'wi-vok), n. 
Equivocal expression; equivocation. 

ERA (e'ra), n. 1. Period of time marked by a 
new order of things. 3. Important date. 
[L. L. cere] 

SYN. See EPOCH. 

ERADIATE (e-ra'di-at), vi. [pr.p. ERA'DIA- 
TING;p.*. and p.p. ERADIATED.] Shootout 
like a ray of light. [L. e, out, and radius, ray. ] 

ERADIATION (e-ra-di-a'shun), w. Act of 
eradiating. 

ERADICATE (e-rad'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. ERADICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ERADICATED.] Pull up 
by the roots; destroy; extirpate. [L. eradico, 
root out; from e, out, and radix, root.] 

ERADICATION (e-rad-i-ka'shun), n. Act of 
eradicating or state of being eradicated. 

ERADICATIVE (e-rad'i-ka-tiv), a. Serving to 
eradicate. 

ERADICATOR (e-rad'i-ka-tiir), n. One who or 
that which eradicates. 

ERASABLE (e-ra'sa-bl), a. Capable of being 
erased. 

ERASE (e-ras')» vt. [pr.p. ERA'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. ERASED (e-rast').] Rub or scrape out; 
efface. [L. erasus, p.p. of erado, scrape out; 
from e, out, and rado, scrape.] 

ERASEMENT (e-ras'ment), n. 1. Act of erasing. 
2. Anything erased, or place where erased 
from. 

ERASER (e-ra'ser), n. One who or that which 
erases; contrivance for removing ink-marks 
chalk-marks or pencil-marks. 

ERASION (e-ra'zhun), n. Erasure. 



ERASURE (e-ra'zhor), n. 1. Act of erasing. 

2. Place where something written has been 
rubbed or scraped out. 

ERE (ar), I. adv. Previously; before. II. conj. 

Sooner than ; rather than. III. prep. Before. 

[A. S. cer.] 
EREBUS (er'e-bus), n. Greek Myth. 1. Son of 

Chaos and Darkness; an infernal deity. 2. A 

cavern through which the shades passed on 

their way to Hades. 
ERECT (e-rekf), a. 1. Upright. 2. Directed 

upward. [L. erectus, p.p. of erigo, set up; from 

e, out, and rego, lead straight.] 
ERECT (e-rekf), vt. [pr.p. ERECT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. ERECTED.] 1. Set upright. 2. Raise. 

3. Build. 4. Exalt. 5. Establish; institute. 
ERECTILE (e-rekt'il), a. Capable of being 

erected. 

ERECTION (e-rek'shun), w. 1. Act of erecting 
or raising. 2. State of being erected; exalta- 
tion. 3. Anything erected; building. [L. 
erectus. ] 

ERECTIVE (e-rekt'iv), a. Tending to erect. 

ERECTLY (e-rekt'li), adv. In an erect manner. 

ERECTNESS (e-rekt'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being erect. 

ERECTOR (e-rekf ur), w. 1. One who or that 
which erects or raises. 2. Anat. Muscle 
which assists in erecting a part or an organ. 

ERELONG (ar'lang), adv. Before long; soon. 

EREMITE (er'e-mit), n. Hermit or recluse. 
[Gr. eremites — eretnos, deserted.] 

ERENOW (ar'now), adv. Before this time. 

ERG (erg), n. Physics. Unit of work; quantity 
of work done by a force which, acting for one 
second upon a mass of one gram, produces a 
velocity of one centimeter per second; work 
accomplished when a body is moved through 
a distance of one centimeter with the force of 
one dyne. [Gr. ergon, work.] 

ERGMETER (erg'me-ter), n. Device for meas- 
uring the work of an electric current In ergs. 
[ERG and -METER.] 

ERGO (er'go), adv. Therefore; hence. [L.] 

ERGOGRAPH (er'go-graf), ERGOMETER (er- 
gom'e-ter), n. Instrument for measuring 
fatigue or mental excitement. [Gr. ergon, work, 
and grapho, write.] 

ERGOT (er'got), n. 1. Fungus infecting wheat, 
rye, etc. 2. Poisonous medicine made from 
the spawn of the fungus. [O. Fr. argot, 
spur.] 

HjRIE (e'ri), JLAKE. Between Canada and 
United States. Area 9000 sq. m. 

-iiRINYS (er-in'is), n. [pi. ERINYES (er-in'i-ez).] 
Greek Myth. Any 
one of three aven- 
ging deities, corre- 
sponding to the Ro- 
man Furies. [Gr., 
fury.] 

ERMINE (er'min), n. 
1. Northern animal 




Ermine (Putorius erminea). 
of the weasel tribe, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
•i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ERODE 



454 



ESCAPE 



valued for its fur. 2. Its white fur, much used 
for lining of state robes. [Ger. hermelin.] 

ERODE (e-rod), vt. [pr.p. ERODING; p.t. and 
p.p. ERODED.] Eat or wear away; corrode. 
[L. e, off, and rodo, gnaw.] 

ERODENT (e-ro'dent), w. Caustic drug. 

ErOS (e'ros or er'os), n. The Greek equivalent 
to the Latin Cupid, the god of love. [Gr. eros, 
love.] 

EROSE (e-ros'), a. Eroded; having the appear- 
ance of having been gnawed. [L. erosus; 
see EROSION.] 

EROSION (e-ro'zhun), n. 1. Act or process of 
eroding. 2. State of being eroded. 3. Eroded 
part. [L. erosio; from erosus, p.p. of erodo, 
erode.] 

EROSIVE (e-ro'siv), a. Having the property of 
eroding or eating away. 

EROSTRATE (e-ros'trat), a. BoU Having no 
beak. [E- and ROSTRATE.] 

EROTIC (er-ot'fk), I. a. Pertaining to love; 
amorous; amatory. II. n. Love poem or 
composition. 

ERR (ei), vi. [pr.p. ERRING (er'ing or er'ing); 
p. t. and p.p. ERRED (erd).] 1. Wander from 
or miss the right way. 2. Deviate from the 
path of duty. 3. Make a mistake. 4. Com- 
mit an error; sin. [O. Fr. errer; from L. erro, 
wander.] 

ERRAND (er'and), n. 1. Commission to say 
or do something. 2. The commission or busi- 
ness to be done. [A. S. cerende.] 

ERRANT (er'ant), a. Wandering; roving; as, a 
knight errant, a knight that roves in search of 
adventure. 

ERRANTRY (er'ant-ri), n. An errant or wan- 
dering state; vocation or career of a knight 
errant. 

ERRATA (er-ra'ta), n. Plural of ERRATUM. 

ERRATIC (er-rat'ik), ERRATICAL (er-rat'ik- 
al), a. 1. Wandering; roving. 2. Having no 
certain course. 3. Not conforming to rules; 
irregular. 4. Eccentric. 

ERRATUM (er-ra'tum), n. [pi. ERRA'TA. ] 
Error in writing or printing. 

ERRONEOUS (er-ro'ne-us), a. Wrong; mis- 
taken. [L. erroneus, straying; from erro, 
wander.] 

ERRONEOUSLY (er-ro'ne-us-li), adv. In an 
erroneous manner. 

ERRONEOUSNESS (er-ro'ne-iis-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being erroneous. 

ERROR (er'iir), n. 1. Inaccuracy. 2. Deviation 
from the truth. 3. Moral offense. 4. Mistake 
In writing, etc. [L.; from erro, wander, 
err.] 

SYN. Falsity; fallacy; wrong; sin; blun- 
der; erratum; fault. ANT. Correction; 
correctness; truth; accuracy; soundness; 
rectification. 

ErSE (ers), n. Language of the people of the 
West Highlands of Scotland. [Corrup. of 
IRISH.] 



ERST (erst), adv. At first; formerly. [A. S. 
cerest, superl. of cer. See ERE.] 

ERSTWHILE (erst'hwil), adv. Once; formerly. 

ERUCT (e-rukt), v. [pr.p. ERUCT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ERUCT 'ED.] I. vt. Belch out, as wind 
from the stomach. II. vi. Belch. [L. eructo, 
from e, out, and ructo, belch.] 

ERUCTATION (e-ruk-ta'shun), w. Belching; 
throwing out. 

ERUDITE (er'6-dit), a. Learned; well-read. 
[L. erudio, free from rudeness, instruct.] 

ERUDITION (er-o-dish'un), n. 1. State of 
being erudite or learned. 2. Knowledge 
gained by study. 

ERUGATE (er'o-gat), a. Smooth and free from 
wrinkles; as, an erugate skin. [L. e, out, and 
ruga, wrinkle.] 

ERUPT (e-rupf), v. [pr.p. ERUPTTNG; p.t. and 
p.p. ERUPT'ED.] I. vt. Cast out with violence. 
II. vi. Burst forth, as a volcano. [L. eruptus, 
p.p. of erumpo, burst or break out.] 

ERUPTION (e-rup'shun), n. 1. Breaking or 
bursting forth. 2. Breaking out of spots on 
the skin. 

ERUPTIVE (e-rup'tiv), a. 1. Breaking forth. 
2. Attended by or producing eruption. 3. 
Produced by eruption. 

ERYSIPELAS (er-i-sip'e-las), n. Inflammatory 
disease, generally in the face. [Gr. erythros, 
red, and pella, skin.] 

ERZERUM (erz-rom'), n. City, Turkish Ar- 
menia, on branch of Euphrates. 

ESCALADE (es-ka-lad), n. Scaling of the walls 
of a fortress by means of ladders. [Fr.] 

ESCALADE (es-ka-lad'), vt. [pr.p. ESCALA'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. ESCALA'DED.] Mount 
and enter by means of ladders; scale. 

ESCALATOR (es'ka-la-tur), n. Trade name for 
a form of inclined elevator or moving stair- 
way. [From ESCALADE.] 

ESCALOP, ESCALLOP (es-kol'up), w. A variant 
of SCALLOP. 

ESCAPADE (es'ka-pad), n. 1. Plunging or ca- 
pering as of a horse. 2. Wild prank. [Fr.] 

ESCAPE (es-kap), v. [pr.p. ESCA'PING; p.U 
and p.p. ESCAPED (es-kapt').] I. vt. 1. Get 
away from; evade; elude. 2. Pass or remain 
unobserved by. 3. Pass away from; be for- 
gotten by. 4. Avoid the danger of. II. vi. 1» 
Make one's escape by flight. 2. Avoid or elude 
notice. 3. Emerge in safety from threatened 
danger or harm. [O. Fr. escaper; from L. L. 
ex capa, out of a cape.] 

ESCAPE ( es-kap'), n. 1. Act of escaping. 2. 
State of having escaped. 3. One who has 
escaped from confinement. 4. Means of 
escaping, as a fire-escape. 5. An evasion of 
legal restraint without due course of law. 6. 
Bot. Plant formerly cultivated but which is 
now apparently growing wild. 7. A leakage 
or loss, as of electricity in a circuit by reason 
of imperfect insulation; loss of charge on an 
insulated conductor. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, but, burn, 



ESCAPEMENT 



455 



ESSENTIALITY 



^ 
$&>, 



Escapement. 



ESCAPEMENT (es-kap-ment), n. Part of a 
timepiece connecting the wheelwork with the 
pendulum or bal- 
ance, and allowing 
a tooth to escape at 
each vibration. 

ESCHATOLOG Y ( e s - 
ka-tol'o-ji), n. Theol. 
Doctrine of condi- 
tions after death. [Gr. 
eschatos, last, and lo- 
gia, discourse.] 

ESCHEAT (es-chef), n. 

Property which falls to the state for want of 
an heir, or by forfeiture. [Fr. echoir; from 
L. ex, out, and cado, fall.] 

ESCHEAT (es-chef), v. [pr.p. ESCHEAT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. ESCHEAT'ED.] I. vt. Confiscate. 
II. vi. Fall or revert to the state through fail- 
ure of heirs. 

ESCHEW (es-cho'), vt. [pr.p. ESCHEWING; 
p.U and p.p. ESCHEWED (es-chod').] Shun; 
avoid. [O. Fr. escheucr, cog. with Ger. scheu 9 
shy.] 

ESCORT (es'kart), n. Guard; protection. [Fr. 
escorte.] 

ESCORT (es-kart'), vt. [pr.p. ESCORT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ESCORTED.] Attend as a guard; 
accompany. 

ESCRITOIRE (es-kri-twar'), n. Writing desk. 
[O. Fr. escriptoire — L. scribo, write.] 

ESCROW (es-kro'), ». Deed delivered to a third 
person, to be held by him, until the grantee 
has fulfilled or performed some certain con- 
ditions. [O. Fr. escroue.] 

ESCULENT (es'ku-lent), a. Eatable; tooth- 
some. [L. esca, food— edo, eat.] 

ESCUTCHEON (es-kuch'un), n. Shield on which 
a coat of arms is represented; family shield. 
[O. Fr. escusson — L. scutum, shield.] 



Eskimo, EsQUiMAU(es'- 




ki-mo), n. [pi. ESKI- 
MOS, ESQUIMAUX, (es'- 

ki-moz).] One of a race 

Inhabiting Greenland and 

Arctic America. 
ESOPHAGUS (e-sof'a-gus), 

n. Passage through which 

food is carried to the 

stomach ; gullet. [Gr. oiso, 

will carry, and phago, 

cat.] 
ESOTERIC (es-o-ter'ik), a. 

Taught to a select few; secret. Opposed to 

EXOTERIC. [Gr. esoterikos, inner.] 
ESPALIER (es-pal'yer), n. 1. Latticework of 

wood on which to train fruit trees. 2. Row 

of trees so trained. [Fr.] 
ESPECIAL (es-pesh'al), a. 1. Special; particular. 

2. Principal; distinguished. 
ESPECIALLY (es-pesh'al-i), adv. 1. In an 

especial manner or degree; chiefly; principally; 

mainly. 2. Particularly. 



Eskimo. 



ESPERANTO (es-pe-ran'to), n. An artificial 
international language, first announced in 
1890 by Dr. Zamenhof, of Warsaw, under his 
pseudonym "Esperanto." [Sp. esperanza, give 
hope.] 

ESPIAL (es-pi'al), n. A. spying; observation; 
discovery. 

ESPIONAGE (es'pi-un-aj)» «• Practice or em- 
ployment of spies; secret watching; spying. 
[Fr. espionnage.] 

ESPLANADE (es-pla-nad')» n. Open level space 
for public walks or drives. [Fr. — L. planus, 
level.] 

ESPOUSAL (es-pow'zal), n. 1. Act of espousing 
or betrothing. 2. Formal contract or celebra- 
tion of marriage ; frequently used in the plural. 
3. Taking up or adoption. [O. Fr. espousailles.] 

ESPOUSE (es-powz'), vt. [pr.p. ESPOUS'ING; 
p.U and p.p. ESPOUSED (es-powzd').] 1. 
Give in marriage; betroth. 2. Take in mar- 
riage; wed. 3. Embrace; adopt. [O. Fr. 
espouser — L. sponsus, vowed.] 

ESPRIT (es-pre'), n. Spirit; liveliness. — Es- 
prit de corps (es-pre' d'kor'), regard for the 
character of that body to which one belongs; 
comradeship. [Fr.] 

ESPY (es-pi'), v. [pr.p. ESPY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ESPIED (es-pid').] I. vt. 1. Watch or ob- 
serve closely. 2. Catch sight of; discover 
unexpectedly. II. vi. Inspect; spy. [O. Fr. 
espierj] 

ESQUIMALT (es'ki-malt), n. Seaport, S. E. 
coast of Vancouver. 

Esquimau (es'ki-mo), n. [pi. Esquimaux 

(es'ki-moz).] See ESKIMO. 

ESQUIRE (es-kwirO, n. 1. Orig. Squire or 
shield-bearer; attendant on a knight. 2. 
Title of younger sons of noblemen. 3. [E-] 
General title of respect. [O. Fr. escuyer — L. 
scutum, shield.] 

ESSAY (es'a), n. 1. Trial; experiment. 2. 
Written composition; short disquisition. [Fr. 
essai — L. ex, and ago, lead.] 

ESSAY (es-sa'), vt. [pr.p. ESSAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ESSAYED (es-sad').] 1. Try; attempt. 
2. Make experiment of; test. 

ESSAYIST (es'a-ist), n. 1. Writer of essays. 
2. One who essays or experiments. 

ESSEN (es'sen), n. Town, Rhenish Prussia, seat 
of Krupp's iron works. 

ESSENCE (es'ens), n. 1. Inner distinctive na- 
ture; true substance. 2. Characteristic qual- 
ity or contents. 3. Extracted virtues of a 
drug. 4. Solution of a volatile or essential 
oil in alcohol. 5. Perfume. [Fr. — L. es- 
sentia.] 

ESSENTIAL (es-sen'shal), I. a. 1. Relating to 
or containing the essence. 2. Necessary 
to the existence of a thing; indispensable. 3. 
Highly rectified; pure. II. n. 1. Something 
necessary. 2. Fundamental principle. 

ESSENTIALITY (es-sen-shi-al'i-ti), n. 1. Qual- 
ity of being essential. 2. An essential part. 



Kite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=% in {Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck ia Scotch loch. 



ESSENTIALLY 



456 



ETERNAL 






ESSENTIALLY (es-sen'shal-i), adv. 1. In an 
important degree. 2. In essence. 

ESSENTIALNESS (es-sen'shal-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being essential; essentiality. 

ESTABLISH (es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. ESTAB- 
LISHING; p.t. and p.p. ESTABLISHED (es- 
tab'lisht).] 1. Settle or fix. 2. Confirm. 3. 
Set up in business. 4. Found; institute; or- 
dain. 5. Make good; substantiate. 6. Set up 
officially and endow, as a church. [O. Fr. es- 
tablir; from L. stabilio, make firm.] 

ESTABLISHER (es-tab'lish-er), n. One who 
establishes. 

ESTABLISHMENT (es-tablish-ment), n. 1. Act 
of establishing. 2. That which is established. 

ESTATE (es-taf), n. 1. Fixed or established 
condition. 2. Rank; quality. 3. Property, 
especially in land. 4. Property left at death. 
— The three estates, in England, (1) the lords 
spiritual, (2) the lords temporal, and (3) the 
commons. — The fourth estate, the journalistic 
press. [O. Fr. estat — L. status.] 

ESTEEM (es-tem'), vt. [pr.p. ESTEEMING; p.t. 
and p.p. ESTEEMED (es-temd').] 1. Value. 
2. Set a high value on. 3. Have respect for. 
[Fr. estimer — L. cestimo, value.] 

SYN. Appraise; appreciate; calculate; 
estimate; prize; rate; weigh; revere; like; 
love. ANT. Undervalue; dislike. 

ESTEEM (es-tem'), n. 1. High estimation or 
value. 2. Favorable regard. 

ESTHESIA (es-the'si-a), n. Same as ^STHESIA. 

ESTHETE, ^ESTHETE (es-thef), n. Dilettante. 

ESTHETIC, AESTHETIC (es-thet'ik), a. Per- 
taining to esthetics; artistic. IGr. aisthetikos, 
perceptive.] 

ESTHETICS, .ESTHETICS (es-thet'iks), n. 1. 
The feeling of beauty in objects; the principles 
of taste and of art. 2. Philosophy of the fine 
arts. 3. M wsic.Expression. 

ESTHONIAN (es-tho'nian), 
n. 1. Native or inhabi- 
tant of Esthonia, a gov- 
ernment of Russia, be- 
tween gulf of Finland 
and Livonia. 2. Lan- 
guage of the Esthonians. 

ESTI3IABLE (es'ti-ma-bl), 
a. 1. That can be esti- 
mated. 2. Worthy of es- 
teem. 

ESTIMATE (es'ti-mat), vt. 

[pr.p. ES'TIMATING; p.t. and p.p. ESTIMA- 
TED.] 1. Judge of the worth, size, quantity, 
etc., of. 2. Compute or reckon; calculate. 
[L. mstimatus, p.p. of wstimo, value.] 

ESTIMATE (es'ti-mat), n. 1. Valuation based 
on incomplete data. 2. Statement of the 
probable cost of carrying out any work or 
venture. 

ESTIMATION (es-ti-ma'shun), n. 1. Estima- 
ting. 2. Reckoning of value; estimation. 3. 
Favorable opinion; esteem; honor; regard. 




Esthonian. 



ESTIMATIVE (es'ti-ma-tiv), a. 1. Having the 
power of comparing and adjusting the worth. 
2. Formed by, or involving, estimation. 

ESTIMATOR (es'ti-ma-tur), n. One who esti- 
mates. 

ESTIVATION (es-ti-va'shun), n. Bot. The ar- 
rangement of the parts or leaves in the flower- 
bud; prefloration. 

ESTOP (es-top') vt. [pr.p. ESTOP'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. ESTOPPED (es-topt').] Law. Bar by 
one's own act. [O. Fr. estoper, stop.] 

ESTOPPEL (es-top'el), n. Law. Undeniable act 
or admission. 

ESTRANGE (es-tranj'), vt. [pr.p. ESTRAN'- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. ESTRANGED (es-tranjd').] 

1. Make strange; alienate. 2. Divert from 
its original use or possessor. [O. Fr. estranger; 
from root of STRANGE.] 

ESTRANGEMENT ( es-tranj 'ment), n. Act of 
estranging or state of being estranged. 

ESTRAY (es-tra'), n. Stray or unclaimed do- 
mestic animal. [Fr. estraie.] 

ESTUARY (es'tu-a-ri), n. Passage where the 
tide meets the current, as in the mouth of a 
tidal river. [L. cestuo, boil up, surge.] 

ETAGERE (a-ta-zhar'), n. Case of shelves; 
whatnot. [Fr. — etage, story.] 

ET CETERA (et set'e-ra). And other things; 
and so forth. [L.] 

ETCH (ech), v. [pr.p. ETCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ETCHED (echt).] I. vt. 1. Engrave on metal, 
glass, etc., by eating out lines with acid. 2. 
Sketch or draw. II. vi. Practice the art of 
etching. [Ger. atzen, corrode.] 

ETCHER (ech'er), n. One who practices the 
art of etching. 

ETCHING (ech'ing), n. 1. Engraving by acid. 

2. Design produced by acid. 3. Impression 
from an etched plate. See cuts under EN- 
GRAVING, HALF-TONE and SCREEN. 




Eighty-line half-tone etching on copper. 

ETERNAL (e-ter'nal), I. o. Without beginning 
or end. II. n. The Eternal; God. [Fr. eternel 
— L. ceternus.] 

SYN. Everlasting; endless; infinite; in- 
terminable; perpetual; immortal. ANT. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh= ch in Scotch Loch. 



ETERNALLY 



457 



EUGENICS 



Ephemeral; transient; temporal; fleeting; 
mortal. 

ETERNALLY (e-ter'nal-i), adv. 1. Without 
ending; forever. 2. Perpetually; constantly. 

ETERNITY ( e-ter'ni-ti ), n. [pi. ETER'NI- 
TIES.] 1. Endless duration. 2. Infinity 
of time, past or future. 3. Eternal existence 
beyond the present life. [Fr. eternite; from 
L. cetcrnitas; from ozternus, eternal.] 

ETERNIZE (e-ter'niz), vt. [pr.p. ETER'NIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. ETERNIZED (e-ter'nizd).] Make 
eternal; immortalize. 

ETHER (e'ther), n. 1. Clear, upper air. 2. 
Subtle medium supposed to fill all space. 3. 
Light, volatile, inflammable fluid, used as an 
anaesthetic and as a solvent of fats. [Gr. 
atther.] 

ETHEREAL (e-the're-al), a. Consisting of ether; 
heavenly; extremely delicate; over-refined. 

ETHEREALIZE (e-the're-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
ETHE'REALIZING; p.t. and p.p. ETHEBE- 
ALIZED (e-the're-al-Izd).] 1. Convert into 
ether. 2. Render spirit-like. 

ETHERIZE (e'ther-iz),trt. [pr.p. E'THERIZING; 
p.U and p.p. ETHERIZED (e'ther-izd).] 1. 
Convert into ether. 2. Make insensible by ether. 

ETHIC (eth'ik), ETHICAL (eth'ik-al), a. Re- 
lating to morals or duty. [Gr. ethos, custom.] 

ETHICS (eth'iks), n. Science of duty or moral- 
ity. 

Ethiopian (e-tM-opi-an), Ethiopic (e-thi- 

op'ik), a. Pertaining to Ethiopia, countries 
south of Egypt. [Gr. Aithiopos, sunburnt — 
aitho, burn, and ops, face.] 

ETHIOPIAN (e-thi-6'pi-an), n. 1. Native of 
ancient Ethiopia. 2. Negro. 

ETHIOPIC (e-thi-op'ik), n. Language of an- 
cient Ethiopia. 

ETHNIC (eth'nik), ETHNICAL ( eth'nik-al), a. 
Relating to races or nations. [Gr. ethnos, na- 
tion.] 

ETHNOLOGY (eth-nol'o-ji), n. Science which 
accounts for racial diversities of mankind. 

ETHOLOGY (e-thol'o-ji), n. Science of human 
character. [Gr. ethos, custom, character, and 
logia, discourse.] 

ETHYL (eth'il), n. Chem. Hypothetical radical 
or base in ether and alcohol. [Gr. aither, 
ether, and hyle, base.] 
ITIOLATE (e'ti-o-lat), v. [pr.p. E'TIOLATING; 
p.t. and p.p. E'TIOLATED.] I. vt. Cause to 
grow pale from want of light and fresh air. 
II. vi. Become pale from disease or absence 
of light. [Fr. etioler, become pale.] 
2TIOLATION (e-ti-o-la'shun), n. Act of render- 
ing pale from want of light and air. 
iTIQUETTE (et-i-kef), n. Forms of ceremony 
or decorum. [Fr. See TICKET.] 
iTNA (et'na), MOUNT. Volcano, Sicily. 
ETNA (et'na), n. Vessel for heating water, etc., 
at table or in the sick room, in a cup placed 
in a saucer in which alcohol is burned. [From 
the volcano, 3Iount Etna.] 




ETUDE (a'tod), n. Music. Varied composition 

in music arranged for exercises in technique. 
ETYMOLOGICAL (et-i-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to or founded upon etymology. 
ETYMOLOGIST (et-i-mol'o-jist), n. One skilled 

in or who writes on etymology. 
ETYMOLOGY (et-i-mol'o-ji), n. [pi. ETYMOL'- 

OGIES.] 1. Science of the origin and history 

of words. 2. History of a word. 3. Part of 

grammar relating to inflection. [Gr. etymo- 

logia; from etymon, neut. of etymon, true.] 
ETYMON (et'i-mon), n. 1. Original element, 

or root of a word. 2. Original meaning of a 

word. [Gr. See ETYMOLOGY.] 
EUCAINE (u'ka-in), n. Powerful hypodermic 

anaesthetic. 
EUCALYPT (u'ka-lipt), EUCALYPTUS (u-ka- 

lip'tus), «. [pi. EU'CALYPTS, EUCALYP'TI.] 

Tree of the genus Eucalyptus. 
EUC AL YPTUS ( ti-ka- 

lip'tus), n. Genus of 

Australian trees of 

the myrtle family, in- 
cluding the blue-gum 

tree of Tasmania (E. 

globulus), which has 

been introduced into 

California with great 

success. Remarkable 

for its great height 

and rapid growth. The 

timber is hard, easily 

worked, and very dur- 
able. [Gr. eu, well, and kalyptos, covered.] 
EUCHARIST (uTia-rist), n. 1. Sacrament of 

the Lord's Supper. 2. Consecrated elements 

of it. [Gr. eucharistia, thanksgiving.] 
EUCHARISTIC, (u-ka-ris'tik), EUCHARISTIC- 

AL (u-ka-ris'tik-al), a. Pertaining to the 

eucharist. 
EUCHRE (u'ker), n. Game of cards, in which a 

player who takes up or orders up the trump 

card must take three tricks or be euchred — 

have two points scored 

against him. [Corrup. of 

ecarte.] 
EUCHRE (u'ker), vt. [pr.p. 

EUCHRING; p.t . and p.p. 

EUCHRED (u'kerd).] 1. 

In the game of euchre, to 

score two points against 

by preventing the taking 

of three tricks. 2. Out- 
wit; defeat. 
EUDIOMETER (u-di-om'e- 

ter), n. Elec. Apparatus 

for separating the various 

gases evolved during the 

process of electrolysis. 
EUGENICS (u-jen'iks), n.pl. 

Research into procreative 

and generative develop- 
ment in the human race, as leading to the 



Branch of Eucalyptus 
(Eucalyptus globulus). 




Eudiometer. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



EULOGIST 



458 



EVANGELIC 



amelioration of the relations of the opposite 
sexes toward each other. 

EULOGIST (u'lo-jist), n. One who eulogizes; 
encomiast; panegyrist. 

EULOGISTIC (u-lo-jis'tik), a. Containing or 
expressing eulogy. 

EULOGIUM (u-16 ji-um), n. A eulogy. [L.L.] 

EULOGIZE (u'lo-jiz), vt. [pr.p. EU'LOGIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. EULOGIZED (u'lo-jizd).J Write 
or speak a eulogy upon; panegyrize. 

EULOGY (u'lo-ji), n. [pi. EU'LOGIES.] Writing 
or speech in praise of any person; on account 
of his character, services, or performances; 
encomium; panegyric. [Gr. eulogia, praise; 
from cm, well, and lego, speak.] 

Eu31ENIDES (u-men'i-dez), n.pl. Greek Myth. 
Euphemistic name for the Erinyes or Furies. 

EUNUCH (u'nuk), n. Emasculated man, espe- 
cially one employed as oriental chamberlain. 
[Gr. eunouchos — eune, couch, and echo, have 
charge of.] 

EUPEPSIA (u-pep'si-a), EUPEPST (u-pep'si), n. 
Good digestion ; opposite of DYSPEPSIA. [Gr. ; 
from cm, well, and pepsis, digestion; from 
pepto, digest.] 

EUPEPTIC (u-pep'tik), a. Having good diges- 
tion. 

EUPHEMISM (u'fe-mizm), n. Bhet. Figure in 
which a delicate word or expression is substi- 
tuted for an offensive one. [Gr. euphemismos; 
from cm, well, and phemi, speak.] 

EUPHEMISTIC (u-fe-mis'tik), a. Pertaining to 
or of the nature of a euphemism. 

EUPHONIC (u-fon'ik), EUPHONIOUS (u-fo'- 
ni-us), a. Pertaining to euphony; agreeable 
in sound. 

EUPHONY (u'fo-ni), n. 1. Agreeable sound. 
2. Pleasing easy pronunciation. [Gr. cm, well, 
and phone, sound.] 

EUPHRATES (u-fra'tez), n. River, Asiatic 
Turkey, joins the Tigris. 

EUPHROSYNE (u-fros'i-nS), n. Greek Myth. 
One of the three Graces or Charities. 

EUPHUISM (u'fu-izm), n. 1. An affected and 
bombastic style of language. 2. High-flown 
expression. [From Euphucs, a popular book 
by John Lyly (1579-80); from Gr. euphyes, 
graceful; from cm, well, and phye, growth.] 

EUPHUIST (u'fu-ist), n. One given to euphuism. 

EUPHUISTIC (u-fu-is'tik), a. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of euphuism. 

EURASIAN (u-ra/shan), I. a. 1. Descended 
from a European on the one side and an 
Asiatic on the other. 2. Of or pertaining to 
Europe and Asia taken as one continent. II. 
n. One who is born of a European father and 
Hindu mother. [EUROPE and ASIA.] 

EUREKA (u-re'ka), inter j. Expression of tri- 
umph at a discovery. [Gr., I have found 
(it).] 

.ijUROPEAN (u-ro-pe'an), I. a. Belonging to 
Europe. II. n. Native or inhabitant of 
Europe. 



EUROPA (u-ro'pa), n. Greek Myth, Daughter 
of Phoenix, or of Agenor, and mother by Zeus 
of Minos and Rhadamanthus ; carried over 
the sea to Crete by Zeus, who assumed the 
form of a white bull. 

EUROPE (u'rop), n. Continent, W. of Asia. 
Area 3,900,000 sq. m. 

EuRYNOME (u-rin'd-me), n. Greek Myth. 
Mother of the Graces. 

EURYSTHEUS (u-ris'thus), n. Greek Myth. 
King of Mycenae to whom Herakles (known 
among the Romans as Hercules) was 
bound as a vassal, and not released until he 
had performed the twelve arduous and dan- 
gerous tasks imposed upon him by the king. 

EUSTACHIAN (u-sta'ki-an), a. Pertaining to 
the tube leading from the middle ear to the 
pharynx, or to the rudimentary valve at the 
entrance of the inferior vena cava in the heart. 
[Named from the Italian physician Eustachio 
(died 1574).] 

EuTERPEAN (u-ter'pe-an), a. 1. Relating to 
Euterpe, one of the Muses, who presided over 
music. 2. Relating to music. 

EUTHANASIA (u-tha-na'zi-a), n. Easy, tran- 
quil or painless death. [Gr.] 

EVACUANT (e-vak'u-ant), I. o. Producing evac- 
uation; purgative. II. n. Purgative medicine; 
cathartic. 

EVACUATE (e-vak'u-at), vt. [pr.p. EVACUA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EVACUATED.] 1. Empty; 
discharge. 2. Withdraw from, as troops 
from a city or fort. [L. e, out, and vacuo, 
empty.] 

EVACUATION (e-vak-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
evacuating or emptying out. 2. Act of with- 
drawing from. 3. That which is evacuated 
or discharged. 

EVACUATIVE (e-vak'u-a-tiv), a. Causing or 
tending to cause evacuation; purgative. 

EVACUATOR (e-vak'u-a-tur), n. One who 
evacuates. 

EVADE (e-vadO, vt. [pr.p. EVA 'DING; p.t. and 
p.p. EVA'DED.] Escape artfully; avoid cun- 
ningly. [L. evado — c, out, and vado, go.] 

EVANESCE (ev-a-nes'), vi. [pr.p. EVANES'- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. EVANESCED (ev-a-nest').] 
Fade away; disappear gradually. [L. eva- 
nesco; from c, out, and vanus, empty.] 

EVANESCENCE (ev-a-nes'ens), n. 1. Act or 
process of gradually disappearing. 2. State of 
being lost to view. 

EVANESCENT (ev-a-nes'ent), a. 1. Passing 
away gradually; fading; fleeting. 2. Becom- 
ing imperceptible. 3. Biol. Unstable. 

EVANGEL (e-van'jel), n. Good news, especially 
the gospel. [Gr. euangelion, good tidings; 
from eu, well, and angello, bring tidings.] 

EVANGELIC (ev-an-jel'ik), EVANGELICAL 
(ev-an-jel'ik-al), a. 1. Contained in the Gos- 
pels, or four first books of the New Testament. 
2. According to the gospel. 3. Fervent and 
devout. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



EVANGELIST 



459 



EVIDENCE 



EVANGELIST (e-van'jel-ist), n. 1. One of the 
four writers of the Gospels. 2. Itinerant re- 
vivalist. 

EVANGELIZE (e-van'jel-iz), v. [pr.p. EVAN'- 
GELIZING; p.t. and p.p. EVANGELIZED (e- 
van'Jel-izd).] I. vt. Preach or teach the gos- 
pel to. II. vi. Go about preaching or teach- 
ing the gospel. 

EVAPORATE (e-vap'o-rat), v. [pr.p. EVAP'O- 
BATING; p.U and p.p. EVAPORATED.] I. vi. 
Fly off in vapor; pass into an invisible state. 
II. vt. Convert into steam or gas. [L. e, out, 
and vapor, vapor.] 

EVAPORATED (e-vap'o-ra-ted), a. Dried in an 
evaporator, as evaporated apricots. 

EVAPORATION ^e-vap-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Act 
of evaporating or state of being evaporated. 
2. Process by which a substance changes into 
the state of vapor. 

EVAPORATIVE (e-vap'o-ra-tiv), a. 1. Causing 
or promoting evaporation. 2. Tending or per- 
taining to evaporation. 

EVAPORATOR (e-vap'o-ra-tur), n. Apparatus 
in which fruits are dried or liquids concen- 
trated. 

EVASION (e-va'zhun), w. 1. Attempt to escape 
the force of an argument or accusation. 2. 
Excuse. 

EVASIVE (e-va'siv), a. That seeks to evade; 
not straightforward; shuffling. 

EVASIVELY (e-va'siv-li), adv. In an evasive 
manner. 

EVE (ev), EVEN (e'vn), n. 1. Evening. 2. 
Night before a day of note. 3. Time just pre- 
ceding a great event. [A. S. mfen.] 

EVEN (e'vn), I. a. 1. Equal; level; uniform; 
parallel; equal on both sides. 2. Not odd; 
able to be divided by 2 without a remainder. 
II. adv. Expresses that something is contrary 
to expectation, or greater than one would 
think, etc. [A. S. efen.] 

EVEN (e'vn), vt. [pr.p. E'VENING; p.U and p.p. 
EVENED (e'vnd).] 1. Make even or smooth. 
2. Put on an equality. 

EVENER (e'vn-er), n. Equalizing device, as a 
doubletree, to even or divide the work of 
pulling between the respective horses attached 
to a carriage or other vehicle. 

EVENING (ev'ning), n. 1. The close of the day- 
time. 2. The decline or end of life. 3. An 
evening party or gathering. 

EVENLY (e'vn-li), adv. In an even manner. 

EVENNESS (e'vn-nes), n. State or quality of 
being even. 

EVENT (e-venf), n. 1. That which happens; 
incident. 2. Consequence; result; issue; out- 
come. 3. Contingent occurrence or state of 
things. 4. Item in a program or series of 
sports. [L. eventus; from e, out, and venio, 
come.] 

EVENTFUL (e-vent'fQl), a. Full of events or 
Incidents; momentous. 

EVENTIDE (e'vn-tid), n. Evening. 



EVENTUAL (e-ven'tu-al), a. 1. Happening as 
a consequence ; ultimate ; final. 2. Contingent 
upon a future event; possible. 

EVENTUALITY (e-ven-tu-al'i-ti), n. [pi. EVEN- 
TUALITIES.] That which eventuates or 
happens; contingent result. 

EVENTUALLY (e-ven'tu-al-i), adv. At length; 
finally. 

EVENTUATE (e-ven'tu-at), vi. [pr.p. EVEN'- 
TUATING; p.t. and p.p. EVENTUATED.] 1. 
Come to an issue; result; terminate. 2. Reach 
a final effect; culminate. 

EVER (ev'er), adv. 1. Always; eternally. 2. 
At any time; in any degree. [A. S.] 

EVEREST (ev'er-est), MOUNT. Himalayas, 
in Nepal. Altitude 29,002 feet. 

EVERGLADE (ev'er-glad), n. Large shallow 
lake or marsh; chiefly in plural. — The Ever- 
glades, a marsh in southern Florida, inclosing 
thousands of islets covered with dense 
thickets. 

EVERGREEN (ev'er-gren), I. a. Always green. 
II. n. Evergreen plant. 

EVERLASTING (ev-er-last'ing), I. a. 1. Endless; 
eternal. 2. Without intermission; continual. 
II. n. 1. Eternity. 2. Woolen material for 
shoes. 3. BoU Durable flower. — The Ever- 
lasting, God. 

SYN. Incessant; continual; unceasing. 
See ETERNAL,. 

EVERLASTINGLY (ev-er-last'ing-li), adv. 1. 
Forever; eternally. 2. Without intermission; 
continually. 

EVERMORE (ev-er-mor'), adv. Eternally. 

EVERY (ev'er-i), a. 1. Each one of a number; 
all taken separately. 2. Each possible. [A. S. 
wfre, ever, and celc, each.] 

SYN. All; any; each; both; either. ANT. 
None; neither. - 

EVERYBODY (ev'er-i-bod-i), n. Every person. 

EVERY-DAY (ev'er-i-da), a. 1. Of or belong- 
ing to every day; usual; common. 2. Pertain- 
ing to week days, in opposition to SUNDAY. 

EVERYTHING (ev'er-i-thing), n. 1. Each of a 
number of things. 2. Whatever exists. 3. 
That which includes all things. 4. That 
which is all-important. 

EVERYWHERE (ev'er-i-hwar), adv. In every 
place. 

EVICT (e-vikf), vt. [pr.p. EVICT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. EVICT'ED.] Dispossess by law; expel 
from a place. [L. evinco, overcome.] 

EVICTION (e-vik'shun), n. Act of evicting; 
ejectment. 

EVIDENCE (ev'i-dens), n. 1. That which makes 
evident. 2. Law. Proof, either written or un- 
written, of allegations between parties. 3. 
Logic. That which renders truth evident. [L. 
evidens, visible; from e, out, and video, see.] 

SYN. Manifestation; proof; testimony; 
demonstration. ANT. Surmise; conjec- 
ture; fallacy. 

EVIDENCE (ev'i-dens), vt. [pr.p, EVIDENCING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl» Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



EVIDENT 



460 



EXAGGERATOR 



Ren- 



p.t. and p.p. EVIDENCED (ev'i-denst).] 
der evident; prove. 

EVIDENT (ev'i-dent), a. That can be seen; 
clear to the mind; obvious. 

EVIDENTIAL (ev-i-den'shal), a. Furnishing 
evidence; tending to prove. 

EVIDENTLY (ev'i-dent-li), adv. In a plain, 
evident manner; clearly; obviously. 

EVIL (e'vl), I. a. Wicked; mischievous; un- 
fortunate. II. adv. In an evil manner; badly. 
III. n. That which produces unhappiness or 
calamity; misfortune; harm; wickedness; 
depravity. [A. S. yfel.] 

SYN. Ill; noxious; bad; wrong; mischiev- 
ous; hurtful; deleterious; sinful; pernicious. 
ANT. Virtuous; holy; pure; beneficial; 
wholesome; good. 

EVIL-EYE (e'vl-i), n. Supposed power to do 
harm by the look of the eye. 

EVILLY (e'vl-i), adv. In an evil manner. 

EVINCE (e-vins'), vt. [pr.p. EVIN'CING; p.U 
and p.p. EVINCED (e-vinst').] Prove beyond 
doubt; show clearly; show. [L. e, out, and 
vinco, overcome.] 

EVINCIBLE (e-vin'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
evinced or made evident. 

EVINCIVE (e-vin'siv), a. Tending to evince. 

EVISCERATE (e-vis'er-at), vt. [pr.p. EVIS'CER- 
ATING; p.U and p.p. EVIS'CERATED.] Tear 
out the bowels of. [L. e, out, and viscera, 
bowels.] 

EVISCERATION (e-vis-er-a'shun), n. Act or 
process of eviscerating. 

EVOCATION (ev-o-ka'shun), ». Act of calling 
forth. 

EVOKE (e-vok'), vt. [pr.p. EVO'KING; p.t. and 
p.p. EVOKED (e-vokt').] Call out; draw 
forth; bring forth. [L. e, out, and voco, call.] 

EVOLUTE (ev'o-16t), n. Geom. An original 
curve from which another curve (the involute) 
is described by the end of a thread gradually 
unwound from the former. [L. evolutus, p.p. 
of evolvo, unroll; from e, out, and volvo, roll.] 

EVOLUTION (ev-o-lo'shun), n. 1. Act of un- 
folding or unrolling; development'. 2. Doc- 
trine of derivation, as opposed to CREATION. 
3. Series of things unfolded. 4. Math. The 
extraction of roots. 5. [pi.] The orderly 
movements of a body of troops or of vessels of 
war. [L. evolutio, an unrolling; from evolvo, 
unroll.] 

EVOLUTIONAL (ev-o-lo'shun-al), EVOLU- 
TIONARY (ev-o-16'shun-a-ri), a. Of or per- 
taining to evolution. 

EVOLUTIONIST (ev-o-lo'shun-ist), n. 1. One 
skilled in evolutions or military movements. 
2. One who believes in evolution as opposed 
to creation. 

EVOLVE (e-volv'), v. [pr.p. EVOLVING; p.t. 
and p.p. EVOLVED (e-volvd').] I. vt. Un- 
roll; disclose; develop. II. vi. Become open, 
disclosed, or diffused. [L. e, out, and volvo, 
roll.] 




Ewe. 



EVOLVEMENT (e-volv'ment), n. Act of evolv- 
ing or state of being evolved. 

EVOLVENT (e-volv'ent), n. Geom. Involute 
of a curve. 

EWE (u), n. Female 
sheep. [A. S. eowu.] 

EWER (u'er), n. Large 
jug to hold water. [O. 
Fr. euwier — L. aqua- 
rium.] 

EX-(eks), prefix. Out 
of; proceeding from; 
off; beyond. Ex- pre- 
fixed to names of office denotes that a per- 
son has held, but no longer holds, that office ; 
as, esc-minister, eaj-President, ea>Congressman. 
[L. and Gr.] 

EXACERBATE (egz-as'er-bat), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
ACERBATING; p.t. and p.p. EXACERBA- 
TED.] 1. Embitter; provoke. 2. Render 
more violent and severe, as a disease. [L. 
exacerbatus; from ex, from, and acerbus, 
bitter.] 

EXACERBATION (egz-as-er-ba'shun), n. 1. 
Embitterment. 2. Increase of irritation or 
violence, especially the increase of a fever or 
disease. 

EXACT (egz-akf), a. 1. Precise; proper. 2. 
Precisely agreeing in amount, number or 
degree. 3. Strictly correct; accurate. 4. 
Methodical; particular. [L. exactus, p.p. 
of exigo, drive out; from ex, out, and ago, 
drive.] 

SYN. Accurate; correct; careful; literal; 
true; strict; scrupulous; punctual. ANT. 
Inexact; incorrect; inaccurate. 

EXACT (egz-akf), vt. [pr.p. EXACT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXACTED.] 1. Force from. 2. 
Compel full payment of. 3. Demand by means 
of authority; extort. 

EXACTING (egz-akt'ing), a. 1. Unreasonable 
in making demands. 2. Arduous. 

EXACTION (egz-ak'shun), n. 1. Act of exact- 
ing. 2. An oppressive demand. 3. That which 
is exacted, as excessive work or tribute. 

EXACTITUDE (egz-ak'ti-tud), n. Exactness; 
correctness. 

EXACTLY (egz-akt'li), adv. In an exact man- 
ner; precisely. 

EXACTNESS (egz-akt'nes), n. Quality of being 
exact. 

EXACTOR (egz-akt'ur), n. One who exacts. 

EXAGGERATE (egz-aj'er-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
AGGERATING; p.t. and p.p. EXAGGER- 
ATED.] Magnify unduly; overstate. [L. 
exaggero, heap up.] 

EXAGGERATION (egz-aj-er-a'shun), n. 1. 
Extravagant representation. 2. A statement 
in excess of the truth. 

EXAGGERATIVE (egz-aj'er-a-tiv), a. Con- 
taining exaggeration or tending to exaggerate. 

EXAGGERATOR (egz-aj'er-a-tur), n. One who 
exaggerates. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burHi 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EXAGGERATORY 



461 



EXCEPTIONALLY 



EXAGGERATORY (egz-aj'er-a-t6-ri), o. Ex- 
aggerative. 

EXALT (egz-alf), vt. [pr.p. EXALT'ING; p.U 
and p.p. EXALTED.] 1. Raise high. 2. 
Elate with the joy of success. 3. Praise. 4. 
Chem. Refine; subtilize. [L. ex, out, and 
alt us, high.] 

EXALTATION (egz-al-ta/shun), n. 1. Eleva- 
tion In rank or dignity. 2. Elation. 3. 
Astrol. Position of a planet in the zodiac 
where it was supposed to wield the greatest 
influence. 

EXALTED (egz-alt'ed), a. Elevated; lofty; dig- 
nified; sublime. 

EXAMINATION (egz-am-i-na'shun), n. Act or 
process of examining or of being examined. 
SYN. Exploration; inquiry; inquisition; 

» inspection; interrogation; test; investiga- 
tion; search; research; probing; scrutiny; 
trial; assay. 

EXAMINATION-PAPER (egz-am-i-na'shun- 
pa-per), w. Printed or written sheet con- 
taining questions on different subjects pro- 
pounded to a person to be answered in order 
to demonstrate fitness to qualify. 

EXAMINE (egz-am'in), vt. [pr.p. EXAMINING; 
p.U and p.p. EXAMINED (egz-am'ind).] 1. 
Inspect carefully; investigate; explore; scru- 
tinize. 2. Question as a witness; interrogate. 
3. Test the capabilities, qualification, prog- 
ress, or fitness of. 4. Assay; analyze. [L. 
exagmen, tongue of a balance.] 

SYN. Weigh; ponder; investigate; test; 
prove; discuss; search. 

EXAMINER (egz-am'in-er), n. One who ex- 
amines. 

EXAMPLE (egz-am'pl), n. 1. Specimen; illus- 
tration of a rule, etc. 2. Person or thing to be 
imitated or avoided; pattern. 3. Warning. 4. 
Precedent. [Fr. — L. exemplum; from ex, out, 
and emptus, p.p. of emo, buy.] 

SYN. Sample; pattern; model; instance; 
case; exemplification; type; ideal. 

EXASPERATE (egz-as'per-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
ASPERATING; p.U and p.p. EXASPERATED.] 
Make very angry. [L. asper, rough.] 

EXASPERATION (egz-as-per-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of exasperating or state of being exasper- 
ated; provocation; rage. 2. Aggravation, as 
of a disease. 

EXCALATE (eks'ka-lat), vt. [pr.p. EX'CA- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'CALATED.] Elim- 
inate or remove from a regular order or 
series, as opposed to INTERCALATE. 

EXCALATION (eks-ka-lashun), n. Act of 
eliminating from a regular order or series. 

EXCAVATE (eks'ka-vat), vt. [pr.p. EXCAVA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EX CAVATED.] Hollow or 
scoop out. [L. excavatus, p.p. of excavo, hol- 
low out.] 

EXCAVATION (eks-ka-va'shun), n. 1. Act of 
excavating. 2. Hollow or cavity made by 
excavating. * 



EXCAVATOR (eks'ka-va-tur), n. 1. One who 
excavates. 2. Machine used for excavating. 




Ditch Excavator. 

EXCEED (ek-sed'), v. [pr.p. EXCEEDING; p.U 
and p.p. EXCEED 'ED.] I. vt. Go beyond the 
limit or measure of; surpass; excel. II. vl. Go 
too far. [L. ex, beyond, and cedo, go.] 

EXCEEDING (ek-sed'ing), a. Surpassing; ex- 
traordinary. 

EXCEEDINGLY (ek-sed'ing-li), adv. Extremely; 
greatly. 

EXCEL (ek-sel'), v. [pr.p. EXCELLING; p.U 
and p.p. EXCELLED (ek-seld').] I. vt. Sur- 
pass. II. vi. Have good qualities in a high 
degree; perform very meritorious actions; be 
superior. [L. excello; from ex, out, and cello, 
urge.] 

EXCELLENCE (ek'sel-ens), n. Great merit; 
excellent quality; greatness. 

EXCELLENCY (ek'sel-en-si), n. [pi, EX'- 
CELLENCIES.] Title of honor given to per- 
sons of high rank or office. 

EXCELLENT (ek'sel-ent), a. 1. Surpassing 
others in some good quality. 3. Of great 
worth, virtue, etc; superior. 

EXCELLENTLY (ek'sel-ent-li), adv. In an 
excellent manner or degree. 

EXCELSIOR (ek-sel'si-ar), I. a. Higher; loftier. 
II. n. Kind of packing; wood-wool. [L.] 

EXCEPT (ek-sepf), v. [pr.p. EXCEPT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXCEPT'ED.] I. vt. Take or leave 
out; exclude. II. vi. Object. [L. excepto; 
from ex, out, and capio, take.] 

EXCEPT (ek-sepf), prep. Leaving out; exclu- 
ding; but; excepting. 

EXCEPTION (ek-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of ex- 
cepting or state of being excepted. 2. That 
which is excepted. 

EXCEPTIONABLE (ek-sep'shun-a-bl), a. Ob- 
jectionable. 

EXCEPTIONAL (ek-sep'shun-al), a. Out of the 
ordinary; unusual; peculiar. 

EXCEPTIONALLY (ek-sep'shun-al-i), adv. Un- 
usually; extraordinarily. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
■i=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EXCEPTIVE 



463 



EXCLUSORY 



It 



EXCEPTIVE (ek-sep'tiv), a. Forming, inclu- 
ding, or being, an exception. 

EXCEPTOR (ek-sep'tur), n. One who excepts. 

EXCERPT (ek-serpf), n. Extract or selection 
from written or printed matter. [L. excerp- 
tus, p.p. of excerpo, pick out; from ex, out, 
and carpo, pick.] 

EXCERPT (ek-serpf), vt. [pr.p. EXCERPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXCERPT 'ED.] Take out; ex- 
tract; cite. 

EXCESS (ek-ses'), n. 1. Going beyond what is 
usual or proper; intemperance. 2. That 
which exceeds. 3. Degree by which one 
thing exceeds another. [L. cxccssus; from 
excedOf go beyond.] 

SYN. Increase; superabundance; super- 
fluity; surplus; overplus; remainder; ex- 
travagance; intemperance; debauchery; 
dissipation. ANT. Deficiency; shortcom- 
ing; insufficiency; temperance. 

EXCESSIVE (ek-ses'iv), a. Beyond what is right 
and proper; immoderate. 

SYN. Exorbitant; overmuch; undue; 
enormous. ANT. Scant; inadequate; in- 
sufficient. 

EXCESSIVELY (ek-ses'iv-li), adv. In an ex- 
cessive manner. 

EXCHANGE (eks-chanj'), v. [pr.p. EXCHAN- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. EXCHANGED (eks- 
chanjd').] I. vt. 1. Give in return for some 
equivalent or substitute. 2. Give and re- 
ceive reciprocally; interchange. II. vi. Make 
an exchange; barter. [O. Fr. eschangier; 
from L.L. excatribio; from esc, out, and cambio, 
barter.] 

EXCHANGE (eks-chanj'), n. 1. Act of giving 
one thing for another; barter. 2. Thing given 
in return for something received. 3. Receiv- 
ing or paying of money in one place, for an 
equal sum in another, by order, draft, or bill 
of exchange. 4. Bill drawn for money; bill 
of exchange. 5. Place where merchants, 
brokers, and bankers meet to transact busi- 
ness (often contracted into 'change). 6. 
Office to which telephone wires lead in a gen- 
eral telephone system. 7. Paper or period- 
ical interchanged by publishers. 

EXCHANGEABILITY (eks-chanj-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being exchangeable. 

EXCHANGEABLE ( eks-chanj 'a-bl), a. 1. That 
may or can be exchanged. 2. Ratable. 

EXCHANGER (eks-chan'jer), n. 1. One who 
exchanges. 2. One who makes a business 
of exchange. 

EXCHEQUER (eks-chek'er), n. 1. In England, 
superior court of law. 2. Treasury; finances. 
[O. Fr. escJiequier, eschekier, chess-board.] 

EXCISE (ek-siz'), n. Tax on certain home com- 
modities and on licenses for certain trades; 
specifically, liquor tax. [O. Fr. accise, tax.] 

EXCISE (ek-siz'), vt. [pr.p. EXCI'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. EXCISED (ek-sizd').] Subject to excise 
duty. 



EXCISE (ek-siz'), vt. [pr.p. EXCI'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. EXCISED (ek-sizd').] Cut off or out. [L. 
excisus, p.p. of excido, cut out; from ex out, 
and ccedo, cut.] 

EXCISEMAN (ek-siz'man), n. [pi. EXCISE'- 
MEN.] In Great Britian, an officer charged 
with the duty of collecting the excise. 

EXCISION (ek-sizh'un), n. 1. Cutting out or 
off; extirpation. 2. Excommunication. 

EXCITABILITY (ek-si-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being excitable; irritability. 

EXCITABLE (ek-si'ta-bl), a. Easily excited. 

EXCITANT (ek-si'tant), n. Stimulant. 

EXCITATION (ek-si-ta'shun), n. Act of ex- 
citing or state of being excited; excitement. 

EXCITE (ek-sit), vt. [pr.p. EXCI'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. EXCI'TED.] Call into activity; stir up; 
rouse; irritate; stimulate; energize. [L. esc, 
out, and cito, rouse.] 

SYN. Incite; waken; animate; arouse; 
inflame; kindle; raise; create; disturb; agi- 
tate; discompose; provoke. ANT. Allay; 
soothe; alleviate; mitigate; moderate; ap- 
pease; pacify. 

EXCITEMENT (ek-sit'ment), n. 1. Act of ex- 
citing or state of being excited. 2. That 
which excites. 3. Med. State of abnormal 
activity or stimulation. 

SYN. Agitation; perturbation; commo- 
tion; irritation; passion; warmth; stimu- 
lus; incitement; motive. ANT. Calmness; 
placidity; passiveness. 

EXCITER (ek-si'ter), n. 1. One who or that 
which excites. 2. Elec. Stimulant for the 
generation of electric currents. 

EXCITING (ek-si'ting), a. Stimulating into 
action; rousing. 

EXCLAIM (eks-klam'), v. [pr.p. EXCLAIM'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXCLAIMED (eks-klamd').] I. 
vt. Cry or call out loudly. II. vi. Utter or 
speak vehemently. [L. exclamo; from esc, 
out, and clamo, cry.] 

EXCLAMATION (eks-kla-ma'shun), n. 1. Ve- 
hement utterance; outcry. 2. Uttered ex- 
pression of surprise, and the like. 3. Mark 
(!) expressing this. 

EXCLAMATORY (eks-klam'a-to-ri), a. Con- 
taining or expressing exclamation. 

EXCLUDE (eks-klod'), vt. [pr.p. EXCEU'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXCLU'DED.] Shut out; thrust 
out; hinder from entrance or participation; 
except. [L. esc, out, and claudo, shut.] 

EXCLUSION (eks-klo'zhun), n. Shutting or 
putting out; ejection; exception. 

EXCLUSIVE (eks-klo'siv), a. 1. Able or tending 
to exclude. 2. Excluding from consideration. 
3. Inclined to exclude others from fellowship; 
narrow. 

EXCLUSIVELY (eks-klo'siv-li), adv. In an 
exclusive manner. 

EXCLUSIVENESS (eks-klo'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being exclusive, 

EXCLUSORY (eks-klo'so-ri), a. Exclusive. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



EXCOGITATE 



463 



EXECUTE 









EXCOGITATE (eks-koj'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. EXCOG- 
ITATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCOGITATED.] 
Think out; invent. [L. excogitatus; from ex, 
out, and cogito, think.] 

EXCOGITATION (eks-koj-i-ta'shun), n. Con- 
trivance; invention. 

EXCOMMUNICATE (eks-kom-mu'ni-kat), vt. 
[pr.p. EXCOMMUNICATING; p.t. and p.p. 
EXCOMMUNICATED.] Expel from the com- 
munion of a church. [L. ex, out, and com- 
munis, common.] 

EXCOMMUNICATION (eks - kom - mu-ni - ka'- 
shun), n. Act of expelling from the com- 
munion of a church. 

EXCORIATE (eks-ko'ri-at), vt. [pr.p. EXCO'RIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EXCO'RIATED.] 1. Strip 
the skin from; flay. 2. Castigate or chastise 
verbally. [L. corium, skin.] 

EXCORIATION (eks-ko-ri-a'shun), n. Act of 
excoriating or state of being excoriated. 

EXCORTICATE (eks-kar'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. 
EXCORTICATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCORTI- 
CATED.] Peel or strip off the skin or bark 
of. [L. ex, off, and cortex, cork.] 

EXCREMENT (eks'kre-ment), n. Matter dis- 
charged from the animal system; dung. [L. 
excerno, separate.] 

EXCRESCENCE (eks-kres'ens), n. That which 
grows out unnaturally; wart; tumor; super- 
fluous part. [L. ex, out, and cresco, grow.] 

EXCRESCENT (eks-kres'ent), a. Growing out 
or upon something else in an unnatural 
manner; superfluous. 

EXCRETA (eks-kre'ta), n. Refuse matter eject- 
ed from the animal system. [L. excerno, 
separate.] 

EXCRETE (eks-kref), vt. [pr.p. EXCRE'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXCRETED.] Discharge or 
eject from the animal system. [L. excretus, 
p.p. of excerno, separate.] 

EXCRETION (eks-kre'shun), n. 1. Act of ex- 
creting. 2. That which is excreted. 

EXCRETIVE (eks-kre'tiv), a. Capable of ex- 
creting. 

EXCRETORY (eks'kre-to-ri), I. a. Having 
the quality of excreting. II. n. A duct that 
helps to receive and excrete matter. 

EXCRUCIATE (eks-kro'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
CRUCIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCRU'CIATED.] 
Torture; rack. [L. ex, out, and crux, cross.] 

EXCRUCIATING (eks-kro'shi-a-ting), a. Ex- 
tremely painful; racking; agonizing. 

EXCRUCIATION (eks-krb-shi-a'shun), n. Ex- 
treme pain; torture. 

EXCULPATE (eks-kul'pat), vt. [pr.p. EXCUL- 
PATING; p.t. and p.p. EXCULPATED.] Clear 
from a charge; acquit. [L. ex, from, and 
culpa, guilt.] 

SYN. Exonerate; absolve; excuse; justify; 
acquit; clear; vindicate. ANT. Charge; 
implicate; inculpate. 

EXCULPATION (eks-kul-pa'shun), n. Act of 
exculpating. 



EXCULPATORY (eks-kul'pa-to-ri), a. Tending 
to exculpate. 

EXCURRENT (eks-kur'ent), a. Bot. Branch- 
ing; applied to trees in which the trunk ex- 
tends through to the summit, as in the oak. 
[L. excurrens, pr.p. of excurro, run out — ex, 
out, and curro, run.] 

EXCURSION (eks-kiir'shun), n. 1. Trip for 
pleasure or health. 2. Wandering from the 
main subject. [L. excursio; from ex, out, 
and curro, cursum, run.] 

EXCURSIONAL (eks-kur'shun-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to an excursion. 

EXCURSIONIST (eks-kiir'shun-ist), n. One 
who goes on an excursion. 

EXCURSIVE (eks-kur'siv), a. Rambling; de- 
viating. 

EXCURSIVELY (eks-kur'siv-li), adv. In an ex- 
cursive manner. 

EXCURSIVENESS (eks-kur'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being excursive. 

EXCURSUS (eks-kiir'sus), n. Dissertation on 
some particular point appended to a book or 
chapter. [L.] 

EXCUSABLE (eks-ku'za-bl), a. Admitting of 
excuse, or worthy of being excused. 

EXCUSATORY (eks-ku'za-to-ri), a. Making 
or containing excuse. 

EXCUSE (eks-kuzO, vt. [pr.p. EXCU'SING; p.t, 
and p.p. EXCUSED (eks-kuzd').] 1. Free 
from blame, guilt or obligation. 2. Make an 
apology, or ask pardon for. 3. Dispense with. 
4. Serve as an excuse for; justify. 5. Regard 
with favor or indulgence. [Fr. excuser; from 
L. excuso, free from a charge.] 

SYN. Forgive; pardon; justify; tolerate; 
overlook. ANT. Charge; inculpate; con- 
demn; sentence; accuse. 

EXCUSE (eks-kus'), n. 1. Act of excusing. 2. 
Plea offered in extenuation of a fault. 3. 
Reason for being excused. 4. Pretended 
ground or reason; pretext. 

SYN. Apology; plea; defense; justifica- 
tion; alleviation; mitigation; palliation; 
extenuation; pretext; pretense; makeshift; 
acquittal; release; absolution. ANT. Ac- 
cusation; charge; complaint; condemna- 
tion. 

EXECRABLE (eks'e-kra-bl), a. Deserving ex- 
ecration; detestable; accursed. 

EXECRABLY (eks'e-kra-bli), adv. In an ex- 
ecrable manner. 

EXECRATE (eks'e-krat), vt. [pr.p. EX'ECRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EXECRATED.] Curse; 
imprecate evil upon; detest utterly. 

EXECRATION (eks-e-kra'shun), w. 1. Act of 
execrating. 2. Curse. 3. That which is 
execrated. 

EXECUTE- (eks'e-kut), vt. [pr.p. EX'ECUTING; 
p.t. and p.p. EX'ECUTED.] 1. Perform; give 
effect to. 2. Sign and deliver, as a lease. 3. 
Put to death by law. [Fr. executer — L. ex, 
out, and sequor, follow.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



EXECUTER 



464 



EXHIBITION 



EXECUTER (eks'e-ku-ter), n. One who exe- 
cutes or performs. See EXECUTOR. 

EXECUTION (eks-e-ku'shun), n. 1. Executing; 
accomplishment; completion. 2. Carrying 
into effect the sentence of a court of law. 3. 
Putting to death by law; destruction. 4. 
Warrant for so doing. 5. Act of signing, 
sealing and delivering a legal document. 

EXECUTIONER (eks-e-ku'shun-er),n. One who 
inflicts capital punishment. 

EXECUTIVE (egz-ek'ii-tiv), I. a. Having the 
quality or function of executing. II. n. Officer 
or body charged with the execution of the 
laws. 

EXECUTOR (egz-ek'u-tur), n. [fern. EXECU- 
TRIX or EXEC'UTRESS.] 1. One who executes 
or performs; doer. 2. Person appointed by a 
testator to execute his will. 

EXECUTORY (egz-ek'u-to-ri), a. 1. Executive; 
administrative. 2. Designed to be carried 
into effect. 

EXEGESIS (eks-e-je'sis), n. [pi. EXEGESES 
(eks-e-je'sez).] Interpretation, especially of 
the Scriptures. [Gr.] 

EXEGETE (eks'e-jet), n. Person skilled in 
exegesis; exegetist. 

EXEGETIC (eks-e-jet'ik), EXEGETICAL (eks- 
e-jet'ik-al), a. Pertaining to exegesis; ex- 
planatory. 

EXEGETICS (eks-e-jet'iks), n. Science of 
exegesis. 

EXEGETIST (eks-e-je'tist), n. One skilled in 
exegetics. 

EXEMPLAR (egz-em'plar), n. Model; original; 
pattern to be copied or imitated. 

EXEMPLARY (egz'em-pla-ri), a. Worthy of 
imitation; commendable. 

EXEMPLIFICATION (egz-em-pli-fl-ka'shun), «. 
1. Act of exemplifying. 2. That which ex- 
emplifies. 

EXEMPLIFY (egz-em'pli-fi), vt. [pr.p. EXEM'- 
PLIFYING; p.U and p.p. EXEMPLIFIED (egz- 
em'pli-fid).] 1. Illustrate by example. 2. 
Make an attested copy of. 3. Prove by an 
attested copy. [L. exemplum, example, and 
facio, make.] 

EXEMPT (egz-emptO, vt. [pr.p. EXEMPTING; 
p.U and p.p. EXEMPTED.] Free, or grant 
immunity to (with from). [L. eximo, take out; 
from ex, out, and emo, take.] 

EXEMPT (egz-empf), a. Not liable to; released; 
free from some affliction, duty, burden, or 
Imposition, to which others are subject. 

SYN. Free; immune; unamenable. ANT. 
Subject; liable; amenable. 

EXEMPTIBLE (egz-emp'ti-bl), a. That may or 
can be exempted. 

EXEMPTION (egz-emp'shun), n. Act of ex- 
empting or state of being exempt; im- 
munity. 

EXEQUATUR (eks-e-kwa'tfir), n. 1. Official 
recognition of a consul by the foreign govern- 
ment. 2. Official approval. 



EXEQUIES (eks'e-kwiz), n.pU Funeral pro- 
cession; ceremonies of burial. [L.] 

EXERCISE (eks'er-siz), n. 1. Putting in prac- 
tice. 2. Exertion for health or amusement. 
3. Performance of a ceremony or religious 
service. 4. Discipline. 5. Lesson; task. [L. 
exerceo; from ex, out, and arceo, shut up.] 

EXERCISE (eks'er-siz), v. [pr.p. EX'ERCISING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXERCISED (eks'er-sizd).] I. vt. 
1. Cause to act; exert; employ. 2. Carry 
out in action; keep at. 3. Perform the duties 
of; fulfill. 4. Train by use or practice. 5. 
Practice the use of. 6. Cause to take exer- 
cise. 7. Make anxious or solicitous. II. 
vi. Take exercise; practice. 

SYN. Practice; train; cultivate; develop; 
instruct; teach. ANT. Rest; ease; relax. 

EXERT (egz-erf), vt. [pr.p. EXERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXERT'ED.] 1. Bring into active 
operation. 2. Do; perform. [L. ex, out and 
sero, put together.] 

EXERTION (egz-er'shun), n. A bringing Into 
active operation; effort; attempt. 

EXERTIVE (egz-ert'iv), a. Having the power 
or tending to exert; using exertion. 

EXEUNT (eks'e-unt). They go out. [L.] 

EXFOLIATE (eks-fo'li-at), vi. [pr.p. EXFO'- 
LIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXFO'LIATED.] Peel 
off into strips or flakes. 

EXHALATION (eks-ha-la'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of exhaling. 2. That which Is ex- 
haled; vapor; steam. 

EXHALE (eks-hal'), vt. [pr.p. EXHA'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXHALED (eks-hald').] Emit 
or send out as vapor; evaporate. [Fr. exhaler 
— L. ex, out, and halo, breathe.] 

EXHAUST (egz-asf), vt. [pr.p. EXHAUSTING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXHAUST'ED.] 1. Draw out 
the whole of; empty. 2. Use the whole 
strength of; tire out. 3. Treat of or develop 
completely. [L. ex, out, and haurio, draw.] 

EXHAUSTER (egz-ast'er), n. One who or that 
which exhausts. 

EXHAUSTIBILITY (egz-ast-i-bHi-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being exhaustible. 

EXHAUSTIBLE (egz-ast'i-bl), a. That may or 
can be exhausted. 

EXHAUSTION (egz-as'chun), n. 1. Act of ex- 
hausting. 2. State of being exhausted. 

EXHAUSTIVE (egz-ast'iv), a. Tending to ex- 
haust. 

EXHAUSTIVELY (egz-ast'iv-li), adv. In an 
exhaustive manner. 

EXHAUSTLESS (egz-ast'les), o. That cannot be 
exhausted. 

EXHIBIT (egz-ib'it), vt. [pr.p. EXHIBITING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXHIBITED.] Show; present to 
view. [L. ex, out, and haoeo, have.] 

EXHIBIT (egz-ib'it), n. 1. Something exhib- 
ited. 2. Voucher. 3. Law. Document pro- 
duced in court to be used as evidence. 

EXHIBITION (eks-hi-bish'un), n. 1. Presenta- 
tion to view; display. 2. Public show, espe- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn.. 
u-u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



EXHILARANT 



465 



EXPANDER 



daily of works of art, manufactures, etc. 3. 
That which Is exhibited. 

EXHILARANT (egz-il'a-rant), a. Exhilarating; 
exciting mirth or pleasure. 

EXHILARATE (egz-il'a-rat), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
HIL'ARATING;i>.*. and p.p. EXHIL' ABATED.] 
Make merry; enliven; cheer. [L. exhilaratus, 
p.p. of exhilaro, gladden — ex, out, and hilar o, 
make merry — Mlaris, cheerful.] 

EXHILARATION (egz-il-a-ra'shun), n. State 
of being exhilarated. 

EXHORT (egz-arf), vt. [pr.p. EXHORT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXHOBT'ED.] Urge strongly 
to good deeds, especially by words of advice. 
[L. ex, out, and hortor, urge.] 

EXHORTATION (eks-ar-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of exhorting. 2. Language used in exhorting. 

EXHORTATIVE (egz-art'a-tiv), a. 1. Contain- 
ing exhortation. 2. Tending to exhort. 

EXHORTATORY (egz-art'a-to-ri), a. Of the 
nature of an exhortation. 

EXHORTER (egz-art'er), n. One who exhorts. 

EXHUMATION (eks-hu-ma'shun), n. Act of 
disinterring. 

EXHUME(eks-hum'), vl.[pr.p. EXHUMING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXHUMED (eks-humd').] Disinter. 
[L. ex, from, and humus ground.] 

EXIGENCY (eks'i-Jen-si), EXIGENCE (eks'i- 
Jens), n. [pi. EXIGENCIES.] 1. State of being 
urgent or exigent. 2. A pressing necessity; 
emergency. [L. ex, out, and ago, drive.] 

SYN. Urgency; pressure; crisis; con- 
Juncture. ANT. Provision; preparation; 
course; rule. 

EXIGENT (eks'1-jent), a. Demanding imme- 
diate attention or action; pressing; urgent. 
[L. exlgens; pr.p. of exigo, demand, exact.] 

EXIGUOUS (egz-ig'u-us), a. Small; slender. 
[L. exiguus; from exigo, exact.] 

EXILE (eks'il), n. 1. Ranishment; state of 
being expelled from one's native country. 2. 
Separation from one's country and friends 
by distress or necessity. 3. Person banished 
or separated from his country. [O. Fr. exil; 
from L. exilium, banishment; from ex, out of, 
and, solum, soil.] 

EXILE (eks'il), vt. [pr.p. EX'ILING; p.t. and 
p.p. EXILED (eks'ild).] Expel from one's 
native country; banish. 

EXIST (egz-lsf), vi. [pr.p. EXIST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. EXISTED.] Have an actual being; live; 
continue to be. [L. existo; from ex, out, and 
sisto, make to stand.] 

EXISTENCE (egz-ist'ens), n. 1. State of being; 
continued being; life. 2. Anything that exists; 
a being. 

EXISTENT (egz-ist'ent), a. Having existence. 

EXIT (eks'it), n. 1. Leaving the stage. 2. Any 
departure; death. 3. Passage out. [L., lit- 
erally, he goes out.] 

EXO-, prefix. Without; outside. [Gr.] 

EXODUS (eks'o-dus), n. Going out; departure, 
especially of the Israelites from Egypt. [L. L. ; 



from Gr. exodos; from ex, out, and hodos, 
way.] 

EX OFFICIO (eks of-flsh'i-6). By virtue of the 
office. [L.] 

EXOGEN (eks'o-Jen), n. Plant increasing by 
layers growing on the outside of the wood. 
[EXO- and -GEN.] 

EXOGENOUS (eks-oj'e-nus), a. Growing by 
successive additions to the outside. 

EXONERATE (egz-on'er-at), vt. [pr.p. EXON- 
ERATING; p.t. and p.p. EXONERATED.] 
Relieve of, as a charge or responsibility. IL. 
ex, from, and onero, load.] 

EXONERATION (egz-on-er-a'shun), n. Act of 
exonerating. 

EXONERATIVE (egz-on'er-a-tiv), o. Tending 
to exonerate. 

EXORABLE (eks'o-ra-bl), a. That may or can 
be moved by entreaty. [L. ex, out, and oro, 
pray.] 

EXORBITANCE (egz-ar'bi-tans), EXORBI- 
TANCY (egz-ar'bi-tan-si), n. Extravagance; 
enormity. [L. exorbitans, pr.p. of exorbito, 
go out of the track; from ex, out of, and orbita, 
track; from orbis, circle.] 

EXORBITANT (egz-ar'bi-tant), a. Going be- 
yond the usual limit; excessive.- 

EXORBITANTLY (egz-ar'bi-tant-li), adv. In 
an exorbitant manner. 

EXORCISE (eks'ar-siz), vt. [pr.p. EX'ORCISING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXORCISED (eks'ar-sized).] 1. 
Cast out (a devil) by conjuration. 2. Deliver 
from the influence of an evil spirit. [Gr. 
exorkizo, administer an oath; from ex, out, 
and horkos, oath.] 

EXORCISER (eks'ar-si-zer), EXORCIST .^s'- 
ar-sist), n. One who exorcises. 

EXORCISM (eks'ar-sizm), n. 1. Act of ex- 
orcising. 2. Formula for exorcising. 

EXORDIAL (egz-ar'di-al), o. Pertaining to the 
exordium; introductory. 

EXORDIUM (egz-ar'di-um), n. Introductory 
part of a discourse or composition. [L. ex, 
out, and ordior, begin.] 

EXOTERIC (eks-o-ter'ik), EXOTERICAL (eks- 
o-ter'ik-al), a. External; public; opposed to 
ESOTERIC. [Gr. exoterikos; from exo, outside.] 

EXOTIC (eks-ot'ik), I. a. Introduced from a 
foreign country; opposite of INDIGENOUS. 
II. n. Anything of foreign origin. [Gr. ex- 
otikos; from ex6, outside.] 

EXPAND (eks-pand'), v. [pr.p. EXPANDING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPANDED.] I. vt. Spread 
out, open or lay open; enlarge in bulk or sur- 
face. II. vi. Become opened; enlarge. [L. 
ex, out, and pando, spread.] 

EXPANDER 
(eks-pand'er), 
n. 1. One who 
or that which 
expands. 2. 
Mach. Device used to expand boiler tubes to 
fit them into the end plates of a boiler. 



Expander. 



ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EXPANSE 



466 



EXPERIENCE 



EXPANSE (eks-pans '), n. 1. Wide extent. 2. 
Extensive area. 

EXPANSIBILITY (eks-pan-si-bil'i-ti), n. Capa- 
bility of being expanded. 

EXPANSIBLE (eks-pansi-bl), a. Capable of 
being extended. 

EXPANSILE (eks-pan'sil), a. Capable of ex- 
pansion. 

EXPANSION (eks-pan'shun), n. 1. Enlarge- 
ment; extension of space or territory, as ter- 
ritorial expansion. 

EXPANSIONIST (eks-pan'shun-ist), n. One who 
believes in colonial or territorial acquisitions, 
especially in relation to extension of the United 
States domain. 

EXPANSIVE (eks-pan'siv), a. 1. Having the 
power or property of expanding. 2. Having 
the property or quality of becoming expanded. 
3. Expanding. 

EXPANSIVELY (eks-pan'siv-li), adv. In an 
expansive manner. 

EXPANSIVENESS (eks-pan'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being expansive. 

EX PARTE (eks par'te). Proceeding only from 
one part or side of a matter in question; 
one-sided; partial. [L.] 

EXPATIATE (eks-pa'shi-at), vi. [pr.p. EXPA'- 
TIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPA'TIATED.] 
Range at large; enlarge; descant. [L. ex, out, 
and spatium, space.] 

EXPATIATION (eks-pa-shi-a'shun), n. Act of 

EXPATIATOR (eks-pa'shi-a-tur), n. One who 
expatiates. 

EXPATRIATE (eks-pa'tri-at), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
y » TRIATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPATRIATED.] 
Send out of one's native country; banish; 
».-x, out, and patria, fatherland.] 
ON (eks-pa-tri-a'shun), n. Act 
— ^ iting; exile, voluntary or com- 
pulsory. 

EXPECT (eks-pekf), vt. [pr.p. EXPECT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPECTED.] Look for; look 
forward to, as something about to happen; 
anticipate; hope. [L. expecto; from ex, out, 
and specto, look.] 

SYN. Abide; foresee; contemplate; cal- 
culate; watch; forestall; reckon; prepare. 
ANT. Miscalculate; surprise; startle; 
electrify ; stun ; astonish ; stagger. 

EXPECTANCE (eks-pekt'ans), EXPECTANCY 
(eks-pekt'an-si), n. 1. Act or state of expect- 
ing. 2. That which is expected. 

EXPECTANT (eks-pekt'ant), a. Looking or 
waiting for. 

EXPECTATION (eks-pek-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
looking forward to an event as about to hap- 
pen. 2. That which is expected. 3. Pros- 
pect of future good, as of possessions, wealth, 
and the like — usually in the plural. 

EXPECTORANT (eks-pek'to-rant), n. Medicine 
inducing expectoration. 

EXPECTORATE (eks-pek'to-rat), v. [pr.p. EX- 



PECTORATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPECTO- 
RATED.] I. vt. Expel from the throat or 
lungs by coughing, etc. II. vi. Discharge oi 
eject phlegm from the throat. [L. ex, out, 
and pectus, breast.] 
EXPECTORATION (eks-pek-to-ra'shun), n. 1. 
Act of expectorating. 2. That which is ex- 
pectorated. 

EXPECTORATIVE (eks-pek'to-ra-tiv), a. Hav- 
ing the quality of promoting expectoration. 

EXPEDIENCE (eks-pe'di-ens), EXPEDIENCY 
(eks-pe'di-en-si), n. Fitness; desirableness. 

EXPEDIENT (eks-pe'di-ent), I. a. Suitable; 
advisable. II. n. That which serves to pro- 
mote; means suitable to an end; contrivance. 
[L. See EXPEDITE.] 

EXPEDIENTLY (eks-pe'di-ent-li), adv. In an 
expedient manner. 

EXPEDITE (eks'pe-dit), vt. [pr.p. EXPEDI- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. EX'PEDITED.] Free 
from impediments; hasten; send forth. [L. 
expeditus, p.p. of expedio; from ex, out, and 
pes, pedis, foot.] 

SYN. Quicken; accelerate; hasten; urge; 
speed; promote; despatch; facilitate. ANT. 
Delay; retard; hinder; impede. 

EXPEDITION (eks-pe-dish'un), n. 1. A setting 
out upon a voyage, or similar undertaking, 
by a number of persons. 2. Those who form 
an expedition. 3. Promptness; despatch. 

EXPEDITIOUS (eks-pe-dish'us), a. Character- 
ized by rapidity and efficiency; quick. 

SYN. Prompt; speedy; quick. ANT. Slow; 
tardy; lazy; procrastinating; dilatory. 

EXPEDITIOUSLY (eks-pe-dish'us-li), adv. In 
an expeditious manner. 

EXPEL (eks-peF), vt. [pr.p. EXPEL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXPELLED (eks-peld').] 1. Drive, 
force, or thrust out. 2. Keep out; exclude. 
[L. ex, out, and petto, drive.] 

EXPEND (eks-pend'), vt. [pr.p. EXPENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPEND'ED.] Lay out; spend. 
[L. expendo; from ex, out, and pendo, 
weigh.] 

EXPENDITURE (eks-pend'i-tur), n. Disburse- 
ment; expense. 

EXPENSE (eks-pens'), n. Outlay; cost; charge. 
[L. expensum; from expendo, expend.] 

EXPENSIVE (eks-pen'siv), a. 1. Causing or 
requiring much expense. 2. Extravagant. 

EXPENSIVELY (eks-pen'siv-li), adv. In an 
expensive manner. 

EXPENSIVENESS (eks-pen'siv-nes), n. Costli- 
ness; extravagance. 

EXPERIENCE (eks-pe'ri-ens), n. 1. Personal 
observation or trial. 2. Knowledge gained 
from life. [L. experiential from ex, out, and 
peritus, experienced.] 

EXPERIENCE (eks-pe'ri-ens), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
PERIENCING; p.t. and p.p. EXPERIENCED 
(eks-pe'ri-enst).] Become practically acquaint- 
ed with; prove; try; test; feel; go through; 
train by practice. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 

l\-u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



EXPERIENCED 



467 



EXPLORATION 






EXPERIENCED (eks-pe'ri-enst), a. Taught by 
experience; skillful; wise. 

EXPERIENTIAL (eks-pe-ri-en'shal), a. De- 
rived from experience; empirical. 

EXPERIMENT (eks-per'i-ment), n. Something 
done to prove some theory or to discover 
something unknown; trial; practical test. 
[L. experimentum; from experior, try.] 

EXPERIMENT (eks-per'i-ment), vi. [pr.p. EX- 
PERIMENTING; p.t. and p.p. EXPERI- 
MENTED.] Make trial or test; make experi- 
ments. 

EXPERIMENTAL (eks-per-i-men'tal), a. 1. 
Founded upon or known by experiment. 2. 
Taught by experience. 3. Tentative. 

EXPERIMENTALLY (eks-per-i-men'tai-i), adv. 
By way of experiment. 

EXPERT (eks-perf), a. Experienced; taught 
by practice; skillful. [L. expertus, p.p. of 
experior, try.] 

EXPERT (eks'pert), n. 1. One who has special 
skill in any particular art, trade, science, or 
profession. 2. Law. Skilled witness whose 
evidence is accepted on points pertaining to 
his profession or trade. 

EXPERTLY (eks-pert'li), adv. In an expert 
manner. 

EXPERTNESS (eks-pert'nes), n. Quality of 
being expert. 

EXPIABLE (eks'pi-a-bl), a. Capable of being 
expiated. 

EXPIATE (eks'pi-at), vt. [pr.p. EX 'MATING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPIATED.] Atone for; make 
reparation for. [L. expiatus, p.p. of expio, 
atone for fully.] 

EXPIATION (eks-pi-a'shun), n. Act or means 
of expiating. 

EXPIATOR (eks'pi-a-tur), n. One who expiates. 

EXPIATORY (eks'pi-a-to-rl), a. Having the 
power to make expiation or atonement. 

EXPIRABLE (eks-pir'a-bl), a. That may ex- 
pire or come to an end. 

EXPIRANT (eks-pir'ant), n. One expiring. 

EXPIRATION (eks-pi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
breathing out. 2. Cessation; close; termina- 
tion. 3. That which is expired; sound made 
In respiration. 

EXPIRATOR (eks-pir'a-tur), n. One who or 
that which expires. 

EXPIRATORY (eks-pir'a-to-ri), a. Pertain- 
ing to expiration, or the emission of the 
breath. 

EXPIRE (eks-pir'), v. [pr.p. EXPIR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXPIRED (eks-pird').] I. vt. 
Breathe out; emit from the lungs. II. vi. 
Breathe out the breath of life ; die ; come to an 
end. [L. ex, out, and spiro, breathe.] 

EXPIRY (eks'pir-i), n. Expiration. 

EXPLAIN (eks-plan'), v. [pr.p. EXPLAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPLAINED (eks-pland').] I. 
vt. Make plain; unfold the meaning of. II. 
vi. Give an explanation. [L. ex, out, and 
planus, plain.] 



SYN. Elucidate; expound; teach; illus- 
trate. ANT. Obscure; mystify; misinterpret. 

EXPLAINABLE (eks-plan'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being explained. 

EXPLANATION (eks-pla-na'shun), n. 1. Act 
of explaining or clearing from obscurity. 2. 
That which explains or clears up. 3. Meaning 
or sense given to anything. 4. Mutual clear- 
ing up of misunderstandings. 

EXPLAN^TIVE ( eks-plan 'a-tiv), o. Explana- 
tory. 

EXPLANATORILY (eks-plan'a-to-ri-li), adv. In 
an explanatory manner. 

EXPLANATORY ( eks-plan 'a-to-ri), a. Serving 
to explain; containing explanations. 

EXPLETIVE (eks'ple-tiv), I. a. Added to fill a 
vacancy; superfluous. II. n. 1. Interjected 
superfluous expression. 2. Word in a foreign 
language, for which the English has no equiv- 
alent and which may be disregarded in trans- 
lating. [Fr. — L. ex, out, and pleo, fill.] 

EXPLICABLE (eks'pli-ka-bl), a. Capable of 
being explicated or explained. 

EXPLICATE (eks-pli-kat), v. [pr.p. EXPLICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.r. EX'PLICATED.] I. vt. 
Explain. II. vi. Give an explanation. [L. 
explicatus, p.p of explico, unfold. See EX- 
PLICIT.] 

EXPLICATION (eks-pli-ka'shun), w. 1. Act of 
explicating or explaining. 2. Explanation. 

EXPLICATIVE (eks'pli-ka-tiv), EXPLICATORY 
(eks'pli-ka-td-ri), a. Serving to explicate or 
explain. 

EXPLICATOR (eks'pli-ka-tur), n. One who ex- 
plicates or explains. 

EXPLICIT (eks-plis'it), a. Not obscure or am- 
biguous; distinctly stated. [L. explicitus; 
from explico, unfold; from ex, out, and plico, 
fold.] 

SYN. Clear; categorical. ANT. Implicit; 
implied; suggestive. 

EXPLICITLY (eks-plis'it-Ii), adv. Plainly; ex- 
pressly; Clearly. 

EXPLICITNESS (eks-plis'it-nes), n. Quality 
of being explicit. 

EXPLODE (eks-plod'), v. [pr.p. EXPLO'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPLO'DED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to 
burst with a loud report. 2. Cause to be re- 
jected or exposed as a fallacy. II. vi. 1. Burst 
with a loud report. 2. Burst into laughter. 
[L. explodoy drive out by clapping; from ex, 
out, and plaudo, applaud.] 

EXPLOIT (eks-ploif), n. Heroic act; great 
achievement. [Fr. ; from L. explicitum, a 
thing settled; from explico, unfold.] 

EXPLOIT (eks-ploif), vt. [pr.p. EXPLOITING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPLOIT'ED.] 1. Make use of to 
one's own advantage. 2. Work, as a mine 
or land. 3. Descant upon; recount at length. 

EXPLOITATION (eks-ploi-ta'shun), n. Act of 
exploiting. 

EXPLORATION (eks-plo-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
exploring. 2. Act of exploiting. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



. 



EXPLORATIVE 



468 



EXPRESS-TRAIN 



It 



EXPLORATIVE (eks-plor'a-tiv), a. Tending 
to exploration; exploratory. 

EXPLORATORY (eks-plor'a-t6-ri), a. Per- 
taining to exploration, or serving to explore. 

EXPLORE (eks-plor), v. [pr.p. EXPLORING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPLORED (eks-plord').] I. vt. 
Search through for the purpose of discovery; 
examine thoroughly. II. vi. Make explora- 
tions; investigate; search. [L. exploro, ex- 
amine; from ex, out, and ploro, cry out.] 

EXPLORER (eks-plor'er), n. One who explores. 

EXPLORING (eks-plor'ing), a. Employed in 
or intended for exploration. 

EXPLOSION (eks-plo'zhun), n. 1. Act of ex- 
ploding. 2. Sudden violent burst with a loud 
report. [L. explosio; from explosus, p.p. of 
explode. See EXPLODE.] 

EXPLOSIVE (eks-plo'siv), I. a. 1. Liable to or 
causing explosion. 2. Bursting out with 
violence and noise. II. n. 1. Explosive sub- 
stance, as dynamite. 2. Sound of an ex- 
ploding nature, as p,t,k. 

EXPLOSIVELY (eks'pld'siv-li), adv. In an ex- 
plosive manner. 

EXPLOSIVENESS (eks-plo'siv-nes), n. Quality 
of being explosive. 

EXPONENT (eks-po'nent), n. 1. He who, or 
that which points out, or represents. 2. 
Alg. Figure which shows how often a quan- 
tity is to be multiplied by itself, as in a 3 . [L. 
exponens; from ex, out, and pono, place.] 

EXPORT (eks-porf), vt. [pr.p. EXPORT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPORT'ED.] Carry or send 
out of a country, as goods in commerce. [L. 
exporto; from ex, out, and porto, carry.] 

EXPORT (eks'port), n. 1. Act of exporting. 2. 
That which is exported. 

EXPORTABLE (eks-port'a-bl), a. That can or 
may be exported. 

EXPORTATION (eks-por-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of exporting. 2. Export commodity. 

EXPORTER (eks-port'er), n. One who ex- 
ports.^ 

EXPOSE (eks-poz'), vt. [pr.p. EXPO'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXPOSED (eks-pozd').] 1. Place or 
lay forth to view. 2. Deprive of cover, pro- 
tection, or shelter; make bare; disclose. 3. 
Make liable to. [Fr. exposer — L. ex, out, and 
positus, laid.] 

EXPOSE (eks-po-za'), n. Exposure; formal 
disclosure. [Fr.] 

EXPOSITION (eks-po-zish'un), n. 1. Public 
exhibition. 2. Act of expounding; explanation. 

EXPOSITOR (eks-pozi-tur), n. Interpreter. 

EXPOSITORY (eks-poz'i-to-ri), a. Serving to 
expound; explanatory. 

EX POST FACTO (eks post fak'to). By or 
from an after act. — Ex post facto law, a 
law which has a retrospective effect. [L.] 

EXPOSTULATE (eks-pos'tu-lat), vi. [pr.p. EX- 
POSTULATING; p.t. and p.p. EXPOSTU- 
LATED.] Reason earnestly; remonstrate. 
[L. ex, from, and postulo, demand.] 



EXPOSTULATION (eks-pos-tu-la'shun), n. Act 
of expostulating; remonstrance. 

EXPOSTULATOR (eks-pos'tu-la-tur), n. One 
who expostulates. 

EXPOSTULATORY (eks-pos'tu-la-to-ri), a. 
Containing expostulation. 

EXPOSURE (eks-po'zhor), n. 1. Act of exposing. 
2. State of being laid open or bare. 3. Open- 
ness to danger. [EXPOSE and -URE.] 

EXPOUND (eks-pownd'), vt. [pr.p. EXPOUND- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. EXPOUNDED.] Lay open 
the meaning of; explain. [L. ex, out, and 
pono, place.] 

EXPOUNDER ( eks-pownd 'er), n. One who ex- 
pounds. 

EXPRESS (eks-pres'), vt. [pr.p. EXPRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPRESSED (eks-prest').] 1. 
Press or force out. 2. Represent or make 
known by a likeness or by words. 3. Declare. 
4. Send by special conveyance, as an express 
company. [L. expressus, p.p. of exprimo, press 
out; from ex, out, and pretno, press.] 

EXPRESS (eks-pres'), I. a. 1. Expressed In 
plain or direct language; not ambiguous; 
plain; clear; explicit. 2. Traveling at a special 
speed, as an express train. 3. Pertaining to or 
sent by regular and quick conveyance. 4. 
Exactly representing. II. n. 1. Messenger 
or conveyance sent on a special errand. 2. 
Regular and quick conveyance. 3. Message 
sent by express. 4. Express train. 
SYN. See EXPLICIT. 

EXPRESSAGE (eks-pres'aj), n. 1. System or 
business of carrying by express. 2. Charge 
for carrying or sending by express. 

EXPRESSIBLE (eks-pres'i-bl), a. That may 
or can be expressed. 

EXPRESSION (eks-presh'un), n. 1. Act of 
expressing or forcing out. 2. Act of repre- 
senting or giving utterance to. 3. Faithful 
and vivid representation by language, art, the 
features, etc. 4. That which is expressed; 
look; language; picture, etc. 5. Manner in 
which anything is expressed. 6. Tone of voice 
or sound in music. 

EXPRESSIVE (eks-pres'iv), a. 1. Serving to 
express, utter, or represent. 2. Full of ex- 
pression; vividly representing the mean- 
ing or feeling intended to be conveyed; em- 
phatical. 

EXPRESSIVELY (eks-pres'iv-li), adv. In an 
expressive manner. 

EXPRESSIVENESS (eks-pres'iv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being expressive. 

EXPRESSLY (eks-pres'li), adv. In an express, 
direct, or pointed manner; of set purpose; 
in direct terms; plainly. 

EXPRESSMAN (eks-pres'man), n. [pi. EX- 
PRESS'MEN.] 1. Employee of express com- 
pany who handles or cares for express-matter. 
2. Driver of an express-wagon. 

EXPRESS-TRAIN (eks-pres'tran), n. Fast 
railway train making few stops. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf* mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



EXPROPRIATION 



469 



EXTERNALITY 






EXPROPRIATION (eks-pro-pri-a/shun), n. 

Deprivation of rights or property. 
EXPULSION (eks-pul'shun), n. Act of expelling 
or state of being expelled. [L. expulsio. See 
EXPEL.] 

EXPULSIVE (eks-pul'siv), o. Able or serving 

to expel. 
EXPUNGE (eks-punj'), vt. [pr.p. EXPUN'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXPUNGED (eks-punjd').] Wipe 
out; efface. [L. ex, out, and pungo, prick.] 
SYN. Blot out; erase; obliterate; cancel. 
ANT. Write; delineate; mark; trace. 

EXPURGATE (eks-pur'gat or eks'pur-gat), vt. 
[pr.p. EXPURGATING; p.t. and p.p. EX- 
PUR'GATED.] Purify from anything noxious 
or erroneous. [L. ex, out, and purgo, purge ; 
from pur us, pure.] 

EXPURGATION (eks-pfir-ga'shun), n. Act of 
expurgating. 

EXPURGATOR (eks'pur-ga-tur), n. One who 
expurgates. 

EXPURGATOR Y (eks-piir'ga-td-ri), a. Tending 
to expurgate. 

EXQUISITE (eks'kwi-zit), a. 1. Choice; select; 
nice; exact; excellent. 2. Of keen or delicate 
perception ; of great discrimination. 3. Pleas- 
urable or painful in the highest degree; ex- 
ceeding; extreme; keen; poignant. [L. ex- 
quisitus, p.p. of exquiro, search out.] 

EXQUISITELY (eks'kwi-zit-li), adv. In an ex- 
quisite manner. 

EXTANT (eks'tant), a. Still existing. [L. ex, 
out, and starts, standing.] 

EXTEMPORANEOUS (eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us ), 
EXTEMPORARY (eks-tem'po-ra-ri), a. Done 
on the spur of the moment or without prepa- 
ration; offhand. 

EXTEMPORANEOUSLY (eks-tem-po-ra'ne-us- 
li), adv. In an extemporaneous manner. 

EXTEMPORARY (eks-tem'po-ra-ri), a. 1. 
Extemporaneous. 2. Made or done for the 
time or occasion. 

EXTEMPORE (eks-tem'po-re), I. a. Extem- 
poraneous. II. adv. Extemporaneously. 
III. n. Extemporary composition or speech. 
[L. ex, from, and tempus, temporis, time.] 

EXTEMPORIZATION (eks-tem-po-ri-za'shun) , 
n. Act of extemporizing. 

EXTEMPORIZE (eks-tem'po-riz), v. [pr.p. 
EXTEM'PORIZING; p.t. and p.p. EXTEM- 
PORIZED (eks-tem'po-rizd).] I. vt. 1. Utter, 
perform, or compose extemporaneously. 2. 
Provide offhand. II. vi. Speak, or compose 
and perform offhand. 

EXTEMPORIZER (eks-tem'po-ri-zer), n. One 
who extemporizes. 

EXTEND (eks-tend'), v. [pr.p. EXTENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXTEND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Stretch 
out; prolong in any direction; enlarge; widen. 
2. Hold out. 3. Bestow; impart. II. vi. 
Stretch; reach. [L. ex, out, and tendo, stretch.] 

EXTENDED (eks-tend'ed), a. Having exten- 
sion; extensive. — Extended letter, type having 



a face broader than is usual with a letter of 
its height. 

EXTENDER (eks-tend'er), n. One who or that 
which extends. 

EXTENDIBLE (eks-tend'i-bl), a. That may or 
can be extended. 

EXTENSIBLE (eks-ten'si-bl), EXTENSILE (eks- 
ten'sil), a. That may be extended. 

EXTENSION (eks-ten'shun), n. 1. Extending; 
stretching; enlargement; addition; expansion. 
2. Property of a body by which it occupies 
a portion of space. 3. Pulling a broken bone 
to reset the fractured parts. 4. Time allow- 
ance to a debtor. 

EXTENSIVE (eks-ten'siv), a. Large; compre- 
hensive. 

EXTENSIVELY (eks-ten'siv-li), adv. To a great 
extent; widely; largely; freely. 

EXTENSIVENESS (eks-ten'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being extensive. 

EXTENSOR (eks-ten'sur), n. Muscle that serves 
to straighten or extend. [L.] 

EXTENT (eks-tenf), n. Space or degree to 
which a thing is extended; size; proportion. 

EXTENUATE (eks-ten'u-at), v. [pr.p. EXTEN'- 
UATING; p.t. and p.p. EXTENUATED.] I. vt. 

1. Make thin; diminish. 2. Weaken the force 
of; palliate; mitigate. II. vi. Become slender 
or attenuated. 

SYN. See PALLIATE. 

EXTENUATION (eks-ten-ti-a'shun), n. Mitiga- 
tion; palliation. 

EXTERIOR (eks-te'ri-ur), I. a. Outward; on 
or from the outside; foreign. II. n. Outward 
part or surface; outward form or deportment; 
appearance. [L., comp. of exterus, exter, out- 
side; from ex, out.] 

EXTERMINABLE (eks-ter'mi-na-bl), a. That 
can be exterminated. 

EXTERMINATE (eks-ter'mi-nat), vt. [pr.p, 
EXTERMINATING; p.t. and p.p. EXTER'- 
MINATED.] 1. Destroy utterly; extirpate. 

2. Root out; eradicate. [L. ex, out, and ter- 
minus, boundary.] 

EXTERMINATION (eks-ter-mi-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act or process of exterminating. 2. Com- 
plete destruction or extirpation. 

EXTERMINATIVE (eks-ter'mi-na-tiv), I. a. 
Serving or tending to exterminate. II. n. 
That which exterminates. 

EXTERMINATOR (eks-ter'mi-na-tur), n. One 
who or that which exterminates or destroys. 

EXTERN (eks-tern'), n. 1. Student or pupil who 
does not reside at the school or college ho 
attends; day-scholar. 2. Treatment of cases 
by hospital attendance at the house of pa- 
tients. [L. externus; from ex, out.] 

EXTERNAL (eks-ter'nal), I. a. 1. Exterior; out- 
ward. 2. Not innate; not intrinsic. 3. For- 
eign. II. n. 1. External part, form, or char- 
acteristic. 2. Outward rite or ceremony. 

EXTERNALITY (eks-ter-nal'i-ti), n. External 
character. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



EXTERNALLY 



470 



EXTRAVASATION 



EXTERNALLY (eks-ter'nal-i), adv. Outwardly. 

EXTINCT (eks-tingkf), a. Put out; no longer 
existing; dead. [L. extinctus, p.p. of extinguo. 
See EXTINGUISH.] 

EXTINCTION (eks-tingk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
putting out of existence. 2. State of being 
destroyed or suppressed. 

EXTINGUISH (eks-ting'gwish), vt. [pr.p. EX- 
TINGUISHING; p.t. and p.p. EXTIN- 
GUISHED (eks-ting'gwisht).] 1. Quench. 2. 
Destroy. 3. Eclipse. [L. extinguo; from ex, 
out, and stinguo, quench.] 

SYN. Abolish; destroy; extirpate; eradi- 
cate; quench; annihilate; kill. ANT. Im- 
plant; cherish; propagate. 

EXTINGUISHABLE (eks-ting'gwish-a-bl), o. 
That may or can be extinguished. 

EXTINGUISHMENT (eks-ting'gwish-ment), n. 
Extinction. 

EXTIRPABLE (eks-ter'pa-bl), o. Capable of 
being extirpated. 

EXTIRPATE (eks'ter-pat), vt. [pr.p. EXTIR- 
PATING; p.t. and p.p. EX'TIRPATED.] Root 
out; destroy totally; exterminate. [L. ex~ 
tirpatus, p.p. of extirpo; from ex, out, and 
stirps, root.] 

EXTIRPATION (eks-ter-pa'shun), n. Extermi- 
nation; total destruction. 

EXTIRPATOR (eks'ter-pa-tiir), ». One who 
extirpates ; exterminator. 

EXTIRPATORY (eks-ter'pa-to-ri), c. Serving 
or tending to extirpate. 

EXTOL (eks-tol'), vt. [pr.p. EXTOL'LING; p.t, 
and p.p. EXTOLLED (eks-told').] Hold up to 
admiration; praise; glorify; laud. [L. extollo, 
raise up; from ex, out, and tollo, raise.] 
SYN. See PRAISE. 

EXTOLLER (eks-tol'er), n. One who extols. 

EXTORT (eks-tarf), vt. [pr.p. EXTORT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. EXTORT'ED.] Obtain by force, 
menace, torture, or illegal means. [L. ex- 
tortus, p.p. of extorqueo, twist out; from ex, 
out, and torqueo, twist.] 

EXTORTER (eks-tart'er), n. Extortioner. 

EXTORTION (eks-tar'shun), n. 1. Illegal or 
oppressive exaction. 2. That which is extorted. 

EXTORTIONARY (eks-tar'shun-a-ri), a. Per- 
taining to or implying extortion. 

EXTORTIONATE (eks-tar'shun-at), o. Char- 
acterized by extortion; oppressive. 

EXTORTIONER (eks-tar'shun-er), n. One who 
practices extortion. 

EXTRA (eks'tra), I. a. More than needed or 
usual. II. n. Additional thing, especially 
an edition of a newspaper at an unusual 
hour. III. adv. Unusually. [Probably an 
abbreviation for EXTRAORDINARY.] 

EXTRA-, prefix. Besides; outside; beyond. 
[L. extra, without.] 

EXTRACT (eks-trakf), vt. [pr.p. EXTRACT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. EXTRACT'ED.] 1. Draw 
out. 2. Select; quote. 3. Distill. [L. ex, 
out, and t ratio, draw.] 



EXTRACT (eks'trakt), n. 1. Anything drawn 
from a substance by heat, distillation, etc.* 
as an essence. 2. Passage taken from a book 
or writing. 

EXTRACTABLE (eks-trakt'a-bl), EXTRACT- 
IBLE (eks-trakt'i-bl), a. That may or can 
be extracted. 

EXTRACTION (eks-trak'shun), n. 1. Drawing 
out. 2. Derivation from a stock or family. 
3. That which is extracted. 

EXTRACTIVE (eks-trakt'iv), I. a. Tending 
or serving to extract. II. n. Extract. 

EXTRACTOR (eks-trakt'ur), n. One who or 
that which extracts. 

EXTRADITABLE (eks-tra-dl'ta-bl), a. 1. Lia- 
ble to extradition. 2. Warranting extradition. 

EXTRADITE (eks'tra-dit), vt. [pr.p. EX'TRA- 
DITING; p.t. and p.p. EX'TRADITED.] De- 
liver or give up, as a criminal to another 
government. [L. ex, from, and trado, hand 
over.] 

EXTRADITION (eks-tra-dish'un), w. A de- 
livering up by one government to another of 
a fugitive from justice. [L. ex, from, and 
traditio, a handing over; from trado. See 
EXTRADITE.] 

EXTRADOS (eks-tra'dos), n. Arch, Convex 
surface of an arch or vault. [Fr.] 

EXTRAJUDICIAL (eks-tra-jo-dish'al), a. Be- 
yond or out of the ordinary course of judicial 
duty or process. [EXTRA- and JUDICIAL.] 

EXTRAMUNDANE (eks-tra-mun'dan), o. Be- 
yond the limits of the material world. 

EXTRAMURAL (eks-tra-mu'ral), a. Beyond 
or outside of the walls or boundaries of a 
place. 

EXTRANEOUS (eks-tra'ne-us), o. Foreign; 
not belonging to a thing. [L. extraneus, ex- 
ternal.] 

EXTRANEOUSLY (eks-tra'ne-us-li), adv. In 
an extraneous manner. 

EXTRAORDINARILY (eks-trardi-na-ri-11), 
adv. In an extraordinary manner. 

EXTRAORDINARY (eks-trar'di-na-ri), I. a. 
Beyond the ordinary; not usual or regular; 
wonderful; special. II. n. That which is out 
of the ordinary. [L. extra, outside, and ordo % 
order.] 

EXTRAVAGANCE (eks-trav'a-gans), EXTRAV- 
AGANCY (eks-trav'a-gan-si), n. Irregularity; 
excess; wildness; lavish expenditure. [L. ex- 
tra, beyond, and vagans, wandering.] 

EXTRAVAGANT (eks-trav'a-gant), a. 1. Un- 
restrained. 2. Wasteful; prodigal. 3. Ex- 
ceeding due bounds. 

EXTRAVAGANTLY (eks-trav'a-gant-li), adv. 
In an extravagant manner. 

EXTRAVAGANZA (eks-trav-a-gan'za), n. 1. 
Wild and irregular composition. 2. Wild 
flight of the imagination. [It.] 

EXTRAVASATION (eks-trav-a-sa'shun), n. 
Med. Effusion of blood caused by shock or 
rupture. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



EXTREME 



471 



EYRY 






EXTREME (eks-trem'), I. a. 1. Outermost; ut- 
most; furthest; at the utmost point, edge, or 
border. 2. Worst or best that can exist or be 
supposed. 3. Greatest; most violent or 
urgent; utmost in degree. 4. Last; beyond 
which there is none. 5. Holding the strong- 
est possible views; ultra. II. n. 1. That 
which terminates a body; extremity. 2. Ut- 
most possible limit or degree; either of two 
states or feelings as different from each other 
as possible. 3. Math. Either of two terms 
beginning and ending a series. [L. extremus, 
superl. of exter, on the outside.] 

EXTREMELY (eks-trem'li), adv. In an ex- 
treme manner. 

EXTREMIST (eks-tre'mist), n. One who holds 
extreme views. 

EXTREMITY (eks-trem'i-ti), n. [pi. EXTREM'- 
ITIES.] 1. Utmost point or portion. 2. High- 
est degree. 3. Greatest necessity or peril. 4. 
[pi*] The hands and feet. 

SYN. Terminal; end; termination; bor- 
der; verge; extreme; necessity. ANT. Be- 
ginning; commencement; body; center. 

EXTRICABLE (eks'tri-ka-bl), a. That may or 
can be extricated. 

EXTRICATE (eks'tri-kat), vt. [pr.p. EXTRI- 
CATING; p.U and p.p. EX'TRICATED.] Free 
from hindrances. [L. extrico; from ex, out, 
and tricce, hindrances.] 

EXTRICATIOX (eks-tri-ka'shun), n. Act or 
process of extricating; disentanglement; 
disengagement. 

EXTRINSIC (eks-trin'sik), EXTRINSICAL (eks- 
trln'sik-al), a. Foreign; not essential; op- 
posed to INTRINSIC. [L. extrinsecus; from 
carter, outside, and secus, beside.] 

EXTRINSICALLY (eks-trin'sik-al-i), adv. In 
an extrinsic manner. 

EXTRUDE (eks-trod'), vt. [pr.p. EXTRU'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. EXTRUDED.] Force or 
urge out; expel. [L. extrudo; from, ex, out, and 
trudo, thrust.] 

EXTRUSION (eks-tro'zhun), n. Act or process 
of extruding. 

EXUBERANCE (eks-u'ber-ans), EXUBERAN- 
CY (eks-u'ber-an-si), n. Quality of being 
exuberant. 

EXUBERANT (eks-u'ber-ant), a. Plenteous; over- 
flowing. [L. exuberans, pr. p. of exubero, be 
luxuriant; from etc, out, and ubero, bear fruit.] 

EXUBERANTLY (eks-u'ber-ant-li), adv. In 
an exuberant manner or degree. 

EXUDATION (eks-u-da'shun), n. 1. Act of 
exuding. 2. That which is exuded. 

EXUDE (eks-ud ), v. [pr.p. EXUDING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXU'DED.] I. vt. Discharge through 
pores or incisions, as sweat, moisture, etc. 
II. vi. Flow out of a body, as through the 
pores. [L. exudo; ex, out, and sudo, sweat.] 

EXULT (egz-ulf), vi. [pr.p. EXULTING; p.t. 
and p.p. EXULT'ED.] Rejoice exceedingly; 
triumph. [L. exulto, freq. of exsilio, leap up.] 



a. 1. Exulting. 2. 



Rapturous 



In an ex- 



Portttfo* cflAMlta 




EXULTANT (egz-ult'ant), 

Triumphant. 
EXULTATION (egz-ul-ta'shun), n. 

delight; transport. 
EXULTINGLY (egz-ult'ing-li), adv. 

ulting manner. 
EXUVI^ (egz-u'vi-e), n.pl. 1. Skins, shells, 

or other coverings of animals. 2. Fossil 

remains of animals. [L. exuo, take off.] 
EXUVIAL (egz-u'vi-al), a. Pertaining to or of 

the nature of exuviae. 
EXUVIATE (egz-u'vi-at), vi. [pr.p. EXU'VIA- 

TING; p.t. and p.p. EXU'VIATED.] Lay aside 

an old covering or condition for a new one; 

slough; molt. 
EXUVIATION (egz-u-vi-a'shun), n. Act of 

exuviating. 
EYE (i), n. [pi. 

EYES (iz).] 1. 

Organ of sight or 

vision. 2. Power 

of seeing; sight. 

3. Regard; aim; 

observation. 4. 

Anything re- 
sembling an eye, 

as the hole of a 

needle, loop for 

a hook, etc. 5. 

Watchful care; Divisions of the eye. 

oversight. [A. S. edge.] 
EYE (i), vt. [pr.p. EY'ING or EYE'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. EYED (id).] 1. Gaze at; observe closely. 

2. Make an eyelet in. 
EYEBALL (i'bal), n. Globe or apple of the eye. 
EYEBROW (i'brow), n. Arch above the eye. 
EYE-CUP (i'kup), n. Glass cup shaped to the 

eye to facilitate medical treatment. 
EYEGLASS (i'glas), n. 1. Glass lens to improve 

sight. 2. Eyepiece of an optical instrument, 

telescope, etc. 3. Eye-cup. 
EYEHOLE (i'hol), n. Eyelet; opening to receive 

a thread, hook, etc. 
EYELASH (Hash), n. 1. Line of hairs that 

edges the eyelid. 2. One of these hairs. 
EYELESS (i'les), a. Without eyes or sight. 
EYELET (i'let), n. Eyehole. 
EYELID (i'lid), n. Cover of the eye. 
EYEPIECE (i'pes), n. Lens or combination of 

lenses at the eye end of a telescope or optical 

instrument. 
EYESIGHT (i'sit), n. Power of seeing. 
EYESORE (i'sor), n. Something offensive to the 

eye. 
EYESTONE (i'ston), n. Small calcareous body 

which, being put in the inner corner of the eye, 

works its way out at the outer corner, bring- 
ing with it any foreign substance. 
EYETOOTH (i'toth), n. Tooth in the upper Jaw 

next the grinders. 
EYEWITNESS (i'wit-nes), n. One who sees a 

thing done. [A. S. edge.] 
EYRY, EYRIE (e'ri or a'ri), n. Same as AERIE. 



fate ; fat, task, far, fall, fare, abov«; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. 



473 



FACTIOUSNESS 




w F 

» 



f (ef), n. [*>Z. F'S (efs).] Sixth 
letter and fourth consonant 
in the English alphabet. It 
is a labiodental, formed by 
the emission of breath be- 
tween the lower lip and the 
upper teeth, as in far, chaff. 
In the word of and most of its 
compounds, as hereof, where- 
of, etc., it has the sound of v. Gh and ph are 
its equivalents, as in laugh, olograph. 
FA (fa), n. Music. Fourth or F note in the scale. 
FABACEOUS (fa-ba'shus), a. Bot. Like a bean; 

leguminous. 
FABIAN (fa'bi-an), a. Procrastinating; dilatory. 
[From the delaying policy of Quintus Fabius 
Maximus in Roman history.] 
FABLE ((fa'bl), n. 1. Invented story, intended 
to instruct or amuse. 2. Plot of a poem. 3. 
Falsehood. [L. fabula — fari, speak.] 

SYN. Fiction; error; fabrication; legend. 
ANT." Truth; veracity. 
FABLE (fa'bl), v. [pr.p. FA'BLING; p.t. and p.p. 
FABLED (fa 'bid).] I. vt. Tell or narrate 
fictitiously; fabricate. II. vi. 1. Compose 
or write fables or fiction. 2. Tell untruths ; fib. 
A.BLED (fa'bld), a. Mythical, as fabled gods. 
FABLER (fa'bler), n. 1. Writer or narrator of 

fiction or fables. 2. Falsifier; fibber. 
FABRIC (fab'rik), n. 1. Workmanship; texture. 

2. Anything framed by art and labor; building. 

3. Manufactured cloth. [L. fabrica; from 
faber, worker.] 

FABRICATE (fab'ri-kat), vt. [pr.p. FAB'RICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. FAB'RICATED.] 1. Put 
together; manufacture. 2. Produce. 3. Devise 
falsely. [L. fabricatus, p.p. of fabricor, con- 
struct.] 

FABRICATION (fab-ri-ka'shun), n. 1. Con- 
struction; manufacture. 2. That which is 
fabricated or invented. 3. Falsehood. 

FABRICATOR (fab'ri-ka-tur), n. 1. One who 
constructs, builds, frames, or makes. 2. One 
who invents or devises falsely. 

FABULIST (fab'ti-list), n. One who invents 
fables. 

FABULOUS (fab'u-lus), a. 1. Fictitious; in- 
vented. 2. Exceeding the bounds of probabil- 
ity or reason. 

FACADE (fa-siid'), n. Arch. Face or front of a 
building. [Fr. — L. fades, face.] 

FACE (fas), n. 1. Visible forepart of the head. 

2. Outside appearance; front; surface; plane. 

3. Cast of features; look. 4. Boldness; pres- 
ence. 5. Exact amount stated in a note, bill, 
etc. 6. Edge of a cutting tool, etc. 7. A dis- 
tortion of the features. 8. Print. Surface of 
type from which the impression is taken. [Fr. 
face; from L. fades, face.] 

FACE (fas), v. [pr.p. FA'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
FACED (fast).] I. vt. 1. Meet in the front; 
stand opposite to; resist. 2. Put an additional 
face or edge on. 3. Cover in front. 4. Smooth 




Facial Angle. 



the surface of. II. vi. Turn the face; stand 
or be placed with the face set in any given 
direction. 

FACER (fa'ser), n. 1. One who puts on a bold 
face or front. 2. Mach. Device attached to 
a lathe or other machine for the purpose of 
smoothing or planing a rough surface. 

FACET (fas'et), n. 1. Small surface, as of a 
diamond. 2. One of the parts composing the 
surface of an insect's eye, as of the fly. [Fr. 
facette, dim. of face.] 

FACETI.E (fa-se'shi-e), n.pl. Witty sayings or 
writings. [L.] 

FACETIOUS (fa-se'shus), a. Witty; humorous; 
jocose. 

FACETIOUSLY (fa-se'shus-li), adv. In a face- 
tious manner. 

FACETIOUSNESS (fa-se'shus-nes), n. Quality 
of being facetious. 

FACIAL (fa'shi-al), a. 
Pertaining to the 
face. — Facial angle, 
angle of two lines, 
one from the promi- 
nent point of the 
forehead to the front 
edge of the upper 
jaw bone, the other 
from the latter point 
through the center of the ear-opening. 

FACIES (fa'shi-ez), n. 1. Face; features. 2. 
Bot. General appearance of a plant. 

FACILE (fas'il), a. 1. Easily persuaded; yielding. 
2. Easy of access; courteous. 3. Easy. 4. 
Ready; quick. [L. facilis, easy.] 

FACILITATE (fa-sil'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. FACIL'- 
ITATING; p.t. and p.p. FACIL'ITATED.] 
Make easy. 

FACILITY (fa-sil'i-ti), n. [pi. FACILITIES.] 
1. Absence of difficulties. 2. Skill. 3. Read- 
iness to be persuaded or approached. 4. 
Advantage; means. 

SYN. Ease; dexterity; complaisance; ex- 
pertness; pliancy; affability; condescension. 
ANT. Labor; effort; difficulty. 

FACING (fa'sing), n. Covering in front for orna- 
ment or protection. 

FACKELTANZ (fak'l-tants), n. Torchlight 
dance in polonaise rhythm. [Ger.] 

FACSIMILE (fak-sim'i-le), I. n. [pi. FACSIMILES 
(fak-sim'i-lez).] Exact copy. II. a. Ex- 
actly corresponding. [L., make like.] 

FACT (fakt), n. 1. Deed; thing done. 2. Reality; 
truth. [L. factum.] 

FACTION (fak'shun), n. 1. Clique in opposition 
to the party or government. 2. Party dissen- 
sion. [L. factio.] 

FACTIOUS (fak'shus), a. Turbulent; disloyal; 
seditious. [L. factiosus.] 

FACTIOUSLY (fak'shus-li), adv. In a factious 
manner. 

FACTIOUSNESS (fak'shus-nes), n. Quality of 
being factious. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



FACTITIOUS 



473 



FAIR 






FACTITIOUS (fak-tish'us), a. Made by art; 
artificial. [L. factitius.] 

SYN. Artificial; affected; euphuistic; 
conventional; finical. ANT. Natural; un- 
affected; genuine; pure. 

FACTOR (fak'tfir), n. 1. One who buys and sells 
goods for others. 2. One of two or more 
quantities, which, multiplied together, form 
a product. 3. One of the circumstances or 
causes that produce a result. [L. ; from f actus, 
p.p. of facio, make.] 

FACTOR (fak'tfir), v. [pr.p. FACTORING; p.t. 
and p.p. FACTORED (fak'turd).] I. vt. 1. 
Act as a factor for. 2. Math. Resolve into 
its factors. II. vi. Math. Be divided, or 
divisible, into factors. 

FACTORIAL (fak-to'ri-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to a factor or a factory. 

FACTORY (fak'tur-i), n. [pi. FACTORIES.] 1. 
Manufactory; building for manufacturing. 2. 
Business place of a factor, especially in eastern 
countries. 

FACTOTUM (fak-to'tum), n. Person employed 
to do all kinds of work. [L., do all.] 

FACUL^E (fak'u-le), n.pl. Astron. Certain 
spots sometimes seen on the sun's disk, which 
appear brighter than the rest of its surface. 
IL. facula, dim. of fax, torch.] 

FACULTATIVE (fak'ul-ta-tiv), a. 1. Bestow- 
ing right or power. 2. Bot. Optional or 
incidental. 

FACULTY (fak'ul-ti), n. [pi. FACULTIES.] 1. 
Facility or power to act. 2. Power of the 
mind; personal quality or endowment. 3. 
Privilege; license. 4. Body of men to whom 
a privilege is granted; members of a pro- 
fession. 5. Body of teachers. [L. facultas — 
facilis, easy.] 

FAD (fad), n. Weak hobby; popular whim. 
[Fr. fade, insipid.] 

FADDIST (fad'ist), n. One who is a slave to 
some fad. 

FADDLE (fad'l), n. Nonsense; usually in 
Fiddle-Faddle. 

FADE (fad), v. [pr.p. FA'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
FADED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to grow dull or in- 
distinct in color. 2. Cause to lose freshness, 
strength or vigor. II. vi. 1. Become dim or 
indistinct. 2. Gradually vanish or disappear. 
3. Lose the color and freshness of youth. 
[O. Fr. fader; from fade, pale, weak.] 

FADELESS (fad'les), a. That cannot fade; 
unfading. 

FADING (fa'ding), n. Bot. Withering, without 
immediately falling away. 

FiECAL, FECAL (fe'kal), a. Of or pertaining to 
faeces. 

FAECES, FECES (fe'sez), n.pl. Grounds; sedi- 
ment; excrement. [L., pi. of /cea?.] 

FiECULA (fek'u-la), n. Same as FECULA. [L.] 

FAG (fag), v. [pr.p. FAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAGGED (fagd).] I. vt. 1. Tire out by labor; 
exhaust; weary. 2. Use as a fag. II. vi. 1. 



Become weary or tired out. 2. Work as a 
drudge. [Probably from FLAG, to droop.] 

FAG (fag), n. 1. One who labors like a drudge; 
school-boy forced to do menial offices for one 
older. 2. Fatiguing piece of work. 

FAG-END (fag'end), n. 1. End of a web of cloth 
that hangs loose. 2. Untwisted end of a rope. 
3. The refuse or meaner part of any- 
thing. 

FAGOT (fag'ut), n. Bundle of sticks used for 
fuel. [Fr.] 

FAGOTT (Ger. fa-got'), FAGOTTO (It. fa-got'to), 
n. Music. Bassoon. 

FAHRENHEIT (fa'ren-hit), a. Noting the ther- 
mometer-scale so graduated, that the freezing 
point is marked 32°, and the boiling 212°. 
[After Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, a native of 
Dantsic, Germany, who made the first quick- 
silver thermometer in 1720.] 

FAIENCE (fa-i-angs'), n. Sort of fine earthen- 
ware glazed and painted. [Fr. — Faenza, a city 
in Italy.] 

FAIL (fal), v. [pr.p. FAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAILED (fald).] I. vt. Be wanting to; for- 
sake; disappoint. II. vi. 1. Fall short or be 
wanting. 2. Fall away; decay. 3. Waste 
away; become extinct; perish. 4. Become 
insolvent or bankrupt. 5. Be inoperative; 
prove a failure. [Fr. faillir; from L. fallo, 
deceive, err.] 

FAILING (fal'ing), n. 1. Fault; weakness. 2. 
Bankruptcy. 

FAILURE (fal'ur), n. 1. Falling short; cessa- 
tion. 2. Omission. 3. Decay. 4. Want of 
success. 5. Bankruptcy. 

FAIN (fan), I. a. 1. Glad; Joyful. 2. Inclined; 
content; compelled. II. adv. Gladly. [A. S. 
fcegen.] 

FAINT (fant), vi. [pr.p. FAINT 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FAINT'ED.] 1. Swoon. 2. Lose cour- 
age or spirit; despond. 3. Grow less visible; 
vanish. [Fr. feindre, feign.] 

FAINT (fant), a. 1. Wanting in strength; weak; 
feeble. 2. Dejected; depressed; dispirited. 3. 
Not well-defined; not bright or vivid. 4. 
Wanting in loudness; not loud or distinct. 
5. Timid; fearful. [Fr. feint, p.p. of feindre, 
feign.] 

FAINT (fant), n. 1. Swoon. 2. Faint-colored 
line in writing-paper. 

FAINTISH (fant'ish), a. Slightly faint. 

FAINTLY (fant'li), adv. 1. Feebly; languidly. 

2. Indistinctly. 

FAINTNESS (fant'nes), n. Quality of being 
faint. 

FAIR (far), a. 1. Bright; clear; free from blem- 
ish; pure. 2. Pleasing to the eye; beautiful. 

3. Free from a dark hue; light. 4. Free from 
clouds or rain. 5. Favorable. 6. Unobstructed; 
open. 7. Prosperous. 8. Frank; just; im- 
partial. 9. Moderate. [A. S. f&ger.] 

SYN. Spotless; unblemished; just; hon- 
orable; equitable. ANT. Lowering; dull; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



FAIR 



474 



FALLACY 






foul; ugly; homely; unfair; dishonorable; 
fraudulent. 

FAIR (far), ft. One of the fair sex; fair one. 
— The fair, fair sex; women. 

FAIR (far), n. 1. Market. 2. Festival with 
sale of wares, exhibition of products, etc. 
[L. ferice, holidays, vacation.] 

FAIRLEADER (far'led-er), n. Naut. Device of 
wood or metal used on board ship to prevent 
running gear or ropes from fouling. 

FAIRLY (far'li), adv. In a fair manner. 

FAIRNESS (far'nes), n. Quality of being fair. 

FAIRY (far'i), n. [pi. FAIRIES.] Imaginary 
being, said to assume a human form (usually 
diminutive), and to influence the fate of man. 
[From FAY.] 

FAIRY-RING (far'i-ring), ft. Bot. Circular 
patch of moss which gradually disappears 
leaving the grass much greener than ordi- 
narily. 

FAIT ACCOMPLI (fat ak-kang'ple). Consum- 
mated deal, event, or fact. [Fr.] 

FAITH (fath), I. n. 1. Trust; confidence; belief 
in moral truth. 2. Belief in the truth of re- 
vealed religion. 3. That which is believed; 
system; belief. 4. Fidelity to promise; hon- 
esty. 5. Word of honor pledged. II. inter j. 
Upon my word; honestly. [O. Fr. feid — L. 
fides.] 

FAITH-CURE (fath'kur), ». Physical cure 
effected solely by faith in prayer. 

FAITHFUL (fath'fol), a. 1. Full of faith; be- 
lieving. 2. Firm in adherence to promises, 
duty, allegiance, etc.; loyal. 3. Conformable 
to truth. 4. Worthy of belief; truthfuL 5. 
True; exact. 

SYN. Trustful; firm; attached; close; 
consistent. ANT. False; faithless; fickle; 
untrue; capricious; inexact. 

FAITHFULLY (fath'fol-i), adv. In a faithful 
manner. 

FAITHFULNESS (fath'fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being faithful. 

FAITHLESS (fath'les), a. 1. Without faith; 
not believing. 2. Not adhering to promises 
or allegiance. 

FAKE (fak), ». Single coil or turn of a rope. 
[Sw. veck, fold.] 

FAKE (fak), vt. [pr.p. FA'KING; p.U and p.p. 
FAKED (fakd).] Coil or fold, as a rope. 

FAKE (fak), vt. [pr.p. FA'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAKED (fakd).] 1. Cover up or conceal de- 
fects of, in order to deceive. 2. Cheat; de- 
fraud. 3. Steal. 4. Fabricate or contrive 
falsely. [Etym. doubtful; probably from L. 
/acfo, make.] 

FAKE (rak), ». Sham or deceit; false report. 

FAKER (fa'ker), n. 1. One who fakes. 2. Street 
vendor of small wares; peddler; fakir. 

FAKIR (fa'ker), n. 1. Religious mendicant In 
India. 2. Street vendor; faker. [Ar. fakhar, 
poor.] 

FALCATE (fal'kat), a. Bot. Resembling a 




Falcon (Falco peregrinus). 



scythe or sickle; hooked. [L. falcatus, 
curved, bent.] 
FALCHION (fal'chun), n. Short crooked sword. 

[L. falx, sickle.] 
FALCON (fa'kn), n. Bird of 
prey, formerly used for 
hunting. [O. Fr. faueon; 
from L. falx, hook or 
sickle.] 

FALCONER (fa'kn-er), ft. 
One who sports with, or 
who breeds and trains 
falcons or hawks for 
taking wild fowls. 

FALCONRY (fa'kn-ri), 
ft. 1. Art of training 
falcons to pursue and 
attack wild fowl or 
game. 2. Sport of 
hunting with falcons; 
hawking. 

FALD-STOOL (fald'stol), w. Combined desk and 
stool used in churches for praying. (O. Fr. 
faldestoel, folding stool.] 

FALL (fal), vi. [pr.p. FALL'ING; p.t. FELL; p.p. 
FALLEN (fal'n).] 1. Drop down; descend by 
the force of gravity; become prostrate. 2. Sink 
as if dead; vanish; die away. 3. Lose strength; 
decline in power, wealth, value, or reputation. 
4. Sink Into sin; depart from the faith. 5. 
Pass into another state, as sleep, love, etc. 
6. Befall. 7. Issue. 8. Enter upon with haste 
or vehemence; rush. 9. Flow or discharge 
itself; empty. 10. Die by violence, as in 
battle. 11. Hang downward. 12. Happen. 
13. Be uttered or dropped. 14. Begin with 
vehemence. 15. Be diminished in value, 
amount, etc. 16. Grow calm; settle down. 
[A. S. feallan.] 

FALL (fal), n. 1. Act of falling. 2. Slope; de- 
clivity. 3. Descent of water; cascade, usually 
in plural. 4. Time when the leaves fall; au- 
tumn. 5. Length of a fall. 6. That which 
falls, as snow. 7. Lapse from innocent state, 
especially of Adam and Eve. 8. Part of a 
tackle to which power is applied. 9. Over- 
throw; downfall; surrender. 10. Cadence. 11. 
Rope of a tackle or purchase. 12. In wrest- 
ling, a throwing or being thrown. 13. Depre- 
ciation. 14. Act of felling or cutting down. 
15. Veil. 16. Deadfall. 17. Bot. Defolia- 
tion. 

FALLACIOUS (fal-la'shus), a. Calculated to 
deceive; not well founded; delusive; illog- 
ical. [L. fallax, fallacis, deceitful. See FAL- 
LACY.] 

FALLACIOUSLY (fal-la'shus-li), adv. In a 
fallacious manner. 

FALLACIOUSNESS (fal-la'shus-nes), n. Quality 
of being fallacious. 

FALLACY (fal'a-si), ft. [pi. FALLACIES.] 1. 
Deceptive appearance. 2. Illogical argument. 
[L. fallacia; from fallo, deceive.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=K in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FALLEN 



475 



FAMOUS 



SYN. Deceptiveness; deceitfulness; soph- 
istry; delusion; error; sophism. ANT. Truth; 
verity; fact; logic; axiom. 

FALLEN (fal'n), a. 1. In ruins; ruined. 2. 
Overthrown. 3. Dead in battle; killed. 4. 
Degraded; disgraced. 

FALLIBILITY (fal-i-bil'i-ti), n. Liability to 
err; quality of being fallible. 

FALLIBLE (fal'i-bl), a. Liable to error or mis- 
take. [L.L. fallibilis; from L. fallo, deceive.] 

FALLIBLY (fal'i-bli), adv. In a fallible man- 
ner. 

FALLING (fal'ing), a. Descending; declining; 
sinking; dropping. — Falling sickness, epi- 
lepsy. 

FALLOW (fal'6), I. a. 1. Pale red or pale 
yellow. 2. Left to rest after tillage; uncul- 
tivated; neglected. II. n. 1. Land that has 
lain a year or more untitled or unseeded. 2. 
Land plowed without being sowed. [A. S. 
fealo, yellowish.] 

FALLOW (fal'6), vt. [pr.p. FALLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. FALLOWED (fal'od).] Plow, harrow, 
and break (land) without seeding, for the pur- 
pose of destroying weeds and insects and ren- 
dering it mellow. 

FALLOW-DEER 
(fal'6-der), n. Yel- 
lowish-brown deer 
of the genus Cervus 
dappled with white, 
common in English 
parks. 

FALSE (fals), a. 1. 
Deceptive or de- 
ceiving ; untruth- 
ful. 2. Unfaithful 
to obligations. 3. 
Not genuine or 
real; artificial. 4. 
Having no foun- 
dation or basis. 5. Not in accordance 
with rule; irregular. 6. Music. Out of tune. 
7. Bot. Spurious; having a specious resem- 
blance. [O. Fr. fals; from L. falsus, p.p. of 
fallo, deceive.] 

FALSE (fals), adv. Falsely, as "you play me 
false. 19 

FALSEHOOD (fals'hod), n. 1. Want of truth or 
veracity. 2. Contrariety of fact. 3. Deceit; 
deception. 4. That which is contrary to truth; 
He. 5. Counterfeit; imposture; sham. 

FALSELY (fals'li), adv. 1. In a manner con- 
trary to truth. 2. Treacherously. 

FALSENESS (fals'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being false. 

FALSETTO (fal-set'6), n. False or artificial 
voice; range of voice beyond the natural 
compass. [It.] 

FALSIFIABLE (fal'si-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being falsified. 

FALSIFICATION (fal-si-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of falsifying. 2. Confutation. 




Fallow-deer (Cervus dama). 



FALSIFIER (fal'si-fi-er), n. One who falsifies. 

FALSIFY (fal'si-fl), vt. [pr.p. FALSIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. FALSIFIED (fal'si-fid).] 1. 
Forge; counterfeit. 2. Prove untrustworthy. 
3. Misrepresent. 4. Confute. 5. Make in- 
correct, as to falsify a record. 

FALSITY (fal'si-ti), n. [pi. FALSITD3S (fal'si- 
tiz).] 1. Quality of being false. 2. False 
assertion. [L. falsitas.] 

FALTER (falter), vi. [pr.p. FAL'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FALTERED (fal'terd).] 1. Stutter. 
2. Tremble; be irresolute. [From root of 
FAULT.] 

FALTER (falter), n. Hesitation; trembling. 

FAME (fam), n. 1. Public report. 2. Public 
opinion, good or bad. [L. fama — fari, speak.] 

SYN. Rumor; hearsay; reputation; noto- 
riety; credit; celebrity; renown; honor; 
glory. ANT. Disrepute; dishonor; infamy; 
contempt; ignominy; shame; obscurity; 
oblivion. 

FAMILIAR ( fa-mil 'yar), I. a. 1. Well acquainted; 
intimate. 2. After the manner of an intimate ; 
free; forward. 3. Having a thorough knowl- 
edge of. 4. Well known or understood. II. 
n. 1. One well or long acquainted. 2. De- 
mon supposed to attend at call. [L. famil- 
iaris; from familia, family.] 

SYN. Current; hackneyed; commonplace; 
exemplary; notorious; proverbial; friendly; 
amicable; fraternal; cordial. ANT. Uncom- 
mon; strange; unknown; aberrant; unnat- 
ural; queer; inimical. 

FAMILIARITY (fa-mil-i-ar'i-ti), n. [pi. FA- 
MILIARITIES.] 1. Intimate acquaintance- 
ship; freedom from constraint. 2. [pi.] Actions 
of one person towards another unwarranted 
by their relative position; liberties. 

FAMILIARIZE (fa-mil 'yar-Iz), vt. [pr.p. FA- 
MILIARIZING; p.t. and p.p. FAMILIARIZED 
(fa-mil 'yar-izd).] 1. Make thoroughly ac- 
quainted; accustom. 2. Make skilled by 
practice or study. 

FAMILY (fam'i-li), n. [pi. FAM'ILIES.] 1. All 
those who live in one house under one head. 
2. Descendants of »ne common progenitor; 
race. 3. Honorable Or noble descent. 4. Group 
of animals, plants, etc. (more comprehen- 
sive than a genus). [L, familia — famulus, serv- 
ant.] 

FAMINE (fam'in), n. General scarcity of food; 
dearth; destitution. [Fr. — L. fames, hun- 
ger.] 

FAMISH (fam'ish), v. [pr.p. FAM'ISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. FAMISHED (fam'isht).] I. vt. 
Starve. II. vi. Suffer extreme hunger or die 
from famine. [L. fames, hunger.] 

FAMOUS (fa'mus), a. 1. Having fame; re- 
nowned. 2. Worthy of fame; remarkable. 
[L. famosus; from fama, fame.] 

SYN. Celebrated; illustrious; eminent; 
distinguished; famed; noted. ANT. Obscure; 
mean; unknown. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, khs=c& in Scotch loch. 



FA3IOUSLY 



476 



FAREWELL 




FAMOUSLY (fa'mus-li), adv. 1. In a famous 
manner. 2. Splendidly; capitally. 

FAN (fan), n. 1. Instrument 
for exciting a current of air 
by the agitation of a broad 
surface. 2. Anything that acts 
as a fan, to cause the circula- 
tion of air. 3. Something that 
fans, stirs, stimulates, or ex- 
cites. [A. S. fann; L. vannus.] 

FAN (fan), vt. [pr.p. FANNING; 
p.t. and p.p. FANNED (fand).] 
1. Move or agitate with, or as Electric Fan. 
with, a fan. 2. Cool or refresh by means of 
a fan. 3. Excite or stimulate. 4. Winnow. 

FAN (fan), n. Admirer of a particular sport or 
game, as a baseball fan. [Abbr. of FANCIER.] 

FANATIC (fa-nat'ik), I. a. Wildly enthusiastic; 
extravagant in opinion. II. n. One over- 
zealous. [L. fanaticus, inspired — fanum, 
temple. See FANE.] 

FANATICISM (fa-nat'i-sizm), n. Extreme in- 
ordinate zeal or ideas, not reconcilable to 
adverse argument; bigotry. 

FANCIER (fan'si-er), n. 1. One who fancies or 
is ruled by fancy. 2. One who is specially in- 
terested in birds or dogs. 3. Admirer of some 
particular sport or game; usually abbreviated 
to FAN. 

FANCIFUL (fan'si-fQl), a. Guided or created by 
fancy; curious; imaginative; whimsical; wild. 

SYN. Ideal; visionary; chimerical; fan- 
tastical. ANT. Real; actual; sound; 
solid. 

FANCIFULLY (fan'si-fol-i), adv. In a fanciful 
manner. 

FANCIFULNESS (fan'si-fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being fanciful. 

FANCY (fan'si), n. [pi. FAN'CIES.] 1. Faculty 
of the mind by which it recalls, represents, or 
forms images. 2. Image or representation 
thus formed in the mind. 3. Unreasonable 
or capricious opinion; whim. 4. Capricious 
inclination or liking. [Fr. fantaisie; from Gr. 
phantasia; from phaino, show.] 

SYN. Thought; belief; idea; supposition; 
imagination; caprice; predilection; desire. 
ANT. Object; subject; fact; reality; truth; 
verity. 

FANCY (fan'si), a. 1. Pleasing to, or guided by, 
fancy or caprice. 2. Elegant or ornamental. 
3. Pursuing pleasure extravagantly; fast. 

FANCY (fan'si), v. [pr.p. FANCYING; p.t. and 
p.p. FANCIED (fan'sid).] I. vt. 1. Portray in 
the mind; imagine. 2. Have a farcy or liking 
for. 3. Be pleased with. II. vi. 1. Form 
a fancy; imagine. 2. Guess; suppose. 

FANDANGO (fan-dang'gd), n. Old Spanish 
dance. [Sp.] 

FANE (f an), n. Temple. [L. fanum, temple — fari, 
speak, dedicate.] 

FANFARE (fan'far), n. A nourish of trumpets 
or bugles. [Fr.] 



FANFARON (fan-fa-rang'), n. Blusterer; brag- 
gart. [Fr.] 

FANFARONADE (fan-far-o-nad'), n. Swag- 
gering; bluster; blast. [Fr. fanfaronnade — 
Sp. fanfarronada; from fanfarria, bluster.] 

FANG (fang), n. 1. Long, pointed tooth of a 
ravenous beast. 2. Claw or talon. 3. Root 
of a tooth. [A. S. fang, seizing; from fon 9 
seize.] 

FANGED (fangd), a. Having fangs. 

FANTASIA (fan-ta'zi-a), n. Musical composi- 
tion, not governed by the ordinary musical 
rules. [It.] 

FANTASM (fan'tazm), n. Same as PHANTASM. 

FANTASTIC (fan-tas'tik), FANTASTICAL (fan- 
tas'tik-al), a. Fanciful; not real; capricious; 
whimsical; wild. 

FANTASTICALLY (fan-tas'tik-al-i), adv. In a 
fantastical manner. 

FANTASY (fan'ta-si), n. [pi. FAN'TASffiS.] 
1. Fancy; vagary. 2. Fantastic design. 

FAR (far), I. a. [comp. FARTHER (far'tfter) 
or FURTHER (fur'ther) ; superl. FARTHEST 
(far'fftest) or FURTHEST (f firmest).] 1. Re- 
mote; more distant of two. 2. Remote 
from or contrary to purpose or design. II. 
adv. 1. To a great distance in time, space or 
proportion. 2. Considerably or in great part; 
very much. [A. S. feor.] 

FARAD (far 'ad), n. Unit or quantity in elec- 
trometry; the quantity of electricity with 
which an electromotive force of one volt would 
flow through the resistance of one megohm 
(=a million ohms) in one second. [In honor 
of Prof. Faraday.] 

FARADIC (fa-rad'ik), a. Pertaining to induced 
currents of electricity. 

FARADIZATION (far-a-di-za'shun), n. Medical 
application of induced electric currents. 

FARANDOULE (fa-rang-dol'), n. Music. Pro- 
vencal dance in 6-8 measure. [Fr.] 

FARCE (fars), n. 1. Style of comedy, replete 
with low humor and extravagant wit. 2. 
Ridiculous or empty show. [Fr.] 

FARCICAL (far'si-kl), a. Absurd. 

FARDEL (far 'del), n. 1. Anything cumber- 
some or irksome; pack. 2. Piece or fragment. 
[O. Fr., dim. of farde, burden.] 

FARE (far), vi. [pr.p. FAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FARED (fard).] 1. Be in any state, good or 
bad; get on; happen. 2. Live; be provided 
for, especially as to food and drink. 3. Hap- 
pen well or ill; usually impersonally. 4. 
Formerly, travel or go. [A. S. faran, travel.] 

FARE (far), n. 1. Price of passage. 2. Passenger 
carried for pay. 3. Food; diet. [A. S. faru, a 
going, journey.] 

FARE-INDICATOR (far'in-di-ka-tfir), n. De- 
vice for registering fares paid in a convey- 
ance. 

FAREWELL (far-wel'), I. interj. May you fare 
well. II. n. 1. Well-wishing at parting. 2. 
Act of departure. III. a. Parting; final. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ha^ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 






FAR-FETCHED 



477 



FAST 



FAR-FETCHED (fiir'fecht), a. Forced; un- 
natural. 

FARINA (fa-re'na), n. 1. In a general sense, 
meal, flour. 2. Powder, obtained by tritura- 
tion of the seeds of cereal and leguminous 
plants, and of some roots, as the potato, and 
consisting of gluten, starch, and mucilage. 
[L.; from far, coarse meal.] 

FARINACEOUS (far-i-na'shus), a. 1. Consisting 
of meal or flour. 2. Containing or yielding 
farina or flour. 3. Mealy. 

FARM (farm), n. Land used for cultivation or 
pasturage, with the necessary buildings. [A.S. 
feorm, supplies; from L.L. firma, feast.] 

FARM (farm), v. [pr.p. FARMING; p.t. and p.p. 
FARMED (farmd).] I. vt. 1. Let or lease, as 
lands to a tenant. 2. Take on lease. 3. 
Grant (certain rights) in return for a portion 
of what they yield, as to farm the taxes. 4. 
Cultivate, as land. II. vi. Engage in agri- 
culture; be a farmer. 

FARMER (farm'er), n. One who farms; agricul- 
turist; husbandman. 

FARMING (farm'ing), n. 1. Business of cultiva- 
ting land. 2. The letting out on hire or leasing 
of taxes, revenues, etc., for collection. 

FARO (far'6), n. Game of chance played by 
betting on the order in which certain cards 
will appear when taken singly from the top 
of the pack. [Said to be so called because 
Pharaoh, Egyptian king, was formerly repre- 
sented on one of the cards.] 

FARRAGO (far-ra'go), n. Confused mass. [L., 
mixed fodder.] 

FARRIER (far'i-er), n. 1. One who shoes 
horses. 2. One who cures the diseases of 
horses. [O. Fr. ferrier — L. ferrum, iron.] 

FARRIERY (far'i-er-i), n. 1. Art of shoeing 
horses. 2. Place for shoeing horses. 3. Art of 
curing the diseases of cattle. 

FARROW (far'6), n. Litter of pigs. [A. S. fearh, 
Pig.] 

FARTHER (farmer), I. a. 1. More distant. 2. 
Tending to a greater distance; longer; ad- 
ditional. II. adv. 1. At or to a great distance ; 
more remotely; beyond. 2. Moreover. [Comp. 
of FAR.] 

FARTHEST (far'ffeest), I. a. Most distant. II. 
adv. At or to the greatest distance. [Superl. 
Of FAR.] 

FARTHING (farming), n. Fourth part of an 
English penny; small bronze British coin 
worth one-half cent of U. S. money. [A. S. 
feorthing, fourth part.] 

FARTHINGALE (farming-gal), n. Kind of 
crinoline of whalebone for distending women's 
dress. [Sp. verdugado, hooped.] 

FASCES (fas'ez), n.pl. Bundle of rods with an ax 
in the middle, borne before the ancient Roman 
principal magistrates. [L. fascis, bundle.] 

FASCIA (fash'i-a), n. [pi. FASCIA (fash'i-e).] 1. 
Arch. Flat space or band between moldings. 
2. Anat. Layer of condensed connective tissue 



between some muscle and any other tissue. 
3. Bot. A cross-band, as of color. [L.] 

FASCIATE (fash'i-at), FASOIATED (fash'i-a- 
ted), a. 1. Bound with a fascia. 2. Character- 
ized by fasciation. 

FASCIATION (fash-i-a'shun), n. Bot. Form of 
monstrosity in which the flattening of a single 
stem, or the lateral union of sevecal stems 
gives a ribbon-like appearance to a plant. 

FASCICLE (fas'i-kl), n. Bot. Close cluster, the 
flowers crowded together, as in the sweet- 
william. [L. fasciculus, dim. of fascis, bundle.] 

FASCICULAR (fas-sik'u-lar), a. Composed of 
or growing in bundles. 

FASCICULATE (fas-sik'u-lat), FASCICULA- 
TED (fas-sik'u-la-ted), a. Clustered together; 
grouped in a fascicle. 

FASCINATE (fas'i-nat), v. [pr.p. FAS'CINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. FAS'CINATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Control by the glance; charm; enchant. 2. 
Captivate by beauty, grace, etc. II. vi. Ex- 
ercise a fascinating or charming power. [L. 
fascino, charm.] 

FASCINATION (fas-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
fascinating or state of being fascinated. 2. 
Hypnotic power or influence. 

SYN. Enchantment; charm; spell; cap- 
tivation; attraction; allurement; hypnotiza- 
tion. ANT. Aversion; repugnance; repul- 
sion. 

FASCINE (fas-sen'), n. Fagot or bundle of rods 
used in fortification, to raise batteries, fill 
ditches, etc. [Fr. — L. fascina; from fascis, 
bundle.] 

FASHION (fash'un), n. 1. Make or cut of a 
thing; form; pattern. 2. Prevailing style, espe- 
cially of dress. 3. Custom; manner. 4. Gen- 
teel society. [Fr. facon — L. factio; from 
facio, make.] 

FASHION (fash'un), vt. [pr.p. FASH'IONING; 
p.t. and p.p. FASHIONED (fash'und).] 1. 
Give figure or form to; mold; form. 2. Make 
or form according to a pattern. 3. Suit or 



FASHIONABLE (fash'un-a-bl), I. a. 1. Made 
according to prevailing fashion. 2. Ob- 
servant of the fashion in dress or living. 3. 
Moving in high society. 4. Patronized by 
people of fashion. II. n. Person of fashion. 

FASHIONABLENESS (fash'un-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality of being fashionable. 

FASHIONABLY (fash'un-a-bli), adv. In a fash- 
ionable manner. 

FASHION-PLATE (fash'un-plat), n. Picture 
representing prevailing style of dress. 

FASHODA (fa-sho'da), n. Town in Africa, on 
the White Nile. 

FAST (fast), I. a. 1. Firm; strong; steadfast; 
permanent; sound. 2. Faithful; loyal. 3. 
Durable; permanent. II. adv. 1. Firmly; 
securely. 2. Durably. 3. Profoundly. III. 
n. That which holds fast; fastener. [A. S. 
fast, firm.] 



i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



FAST 



478 



FATLING 



SYN. Fixed; confirmed; lasting; stable; 
rooted. ANT. Mutable; mobile; unsteady; 
afloat; loose. 

FAST (fast), I. a. 1. Swift; speedy. 2. Per- 
formed rapidly. 3. Ahead of the standard 
time, said of a watch or clock. 4. Prodigal; 
dissolute. II. adv. 1. In rapid succession. 2. 
Speedily; rapidly. [A special use of FAST, 
firm, strong.] 

SYN. Nimble; hasty; thriftless; waste- 
ful; lavish. ANT. Slow; sluggish; tardy; 
thrifty; economical; saving. 

FAST (fast), n. 1. Abstinence from food. 2. 
Day or time prescribed for fasting. [A. S. 
fasten; from fcestan, fast.] 

SYN. Starvation; dieting; famishment. 
ANT. Gluttony; greediness; voracity. 

FAST (fast), vi. [pr.p. FAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAST'ED.] Abstain from food, in whole or in 
part, especially as a solemn duty. 

FAST-DAY (fast'da), n. Day set apart for fast- 
ing and prayer. 

FASTEN (fas'n), v. [pr.p. FAST'ENING; p.t. and 
p.p. FASTENED (fas'nd).] I. vt. Make fast or 
tight; fix securely; attach firmly. II. vi. Take 
fast hold; cling. 

FASTENER (fas'n-er), n. One who or that 
which fastens. 

FASTENING (fas'n-ing), n. 1. Act of making 
fast. 2. Fastener; bolt; catch; clasp. 

FASTIDIOUS (fas-tld'i-us), a. Affecting supe- 
rior taste; difficult to please. [L. fastidium, 
loathing.] 

SYN. Overnice; squeamish; critical; fin- 
ical. ANT. Easy; indulgent; coarse. 

FASTIDIOUSLY (fas-tid'i-us-li), adv. In a fas- 
tidious manner. 

FASTIDIOUSNESS (fas-tid'i-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity of being fastidious. 

FASTIGIATED (fas-tij'i-a-ted), a. Bot. Peaked 
or pointed like the apex of a cone. [L. fasti' 
gium, gable end.] 

FASTNESS (fast'nes), n. 1. Firmness; fixed- 
ness. 2. Stronghold; fortress; castle. 3. 
Swiftness. 

FAT (fat), I. a. 1. Plump; fleshy; corpulent. 
2. Greasy; rich. 3. Fertile. 4. Rich; lu- 
crative. 5. Gross. II. n. Oily substance in an- 
imal tissue. 2. Richest part. [A. S. fait.] 

FAT (fat), v. [pr.p. FAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAT'TED.] I. vt. Make fat or plump; fatten. 
II. vi. Become fat. 

FATAL (fa'tal), o. 1. Belonging to or appointed 
by fate. 2. Causing ruin or death; calami- 
tous. 

FATALISM (fa'tal-izm), n. Doctrine that all 
events are subject to fate, and happen by 
unavoidable necessity. 

FATALIST (fa'tal-Ist), n. Believer in fatalism. 

FATALITY (fa-tal'i-ti) n. [pi. FATALITIES 
(fa-tal'i-tiz).] 1. State of being fatal or 
unavoidable; decree of fate. 2. Fixed tend- 
ency to disaster or death. 3. Fatal event. 



FATALLY (fa'tal-i), adv. In a fatal manner. 

FATE (fat), n. 1. Inevitable destiny or necessity; 
appointed lot. 2. Ill-fortune; doom. 3. 
Final issue. 4. [F-] Bom. Myth. One of the 
three daughters of Necessity. See FATES. 
[L. fatum, a prediction; from fatus, spoken, 
p.p. of for, speak.] 

FATED (fa'ted), a. Doomed; destined. 

FATEFUL (fat'fol), a. 1. Followed by impor- 
tant consequences. 2. Fraught with fate. 

FATES (fatz) or PaRCE (par'se), n.pl. Bom. 
Myth. The three daughters of Necessity. 
Their names were Clotho, who held the dis- 
taff; Lachesis, who turned the spindle; and 
Atropos, who cut the thread with the fatal 
shears. 

FATHER (fa'efter), n. 1. Male parent. 2. An- 
cestor or forefather. 3. Contriver; originator. 

4. Title of respect for a priest. 5. Ecclesias- 
tical writer of the early centuries. 6. [F-] God; 
first person of the Trinity. 7. Eldest mem- 
ber of profession or body. [A. S. feeder.] 

FATHER (fa'ffter), vt. [pr.p. FA'THERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FATHERED (f&'therd).] 1. Adopt 
as one's child. 2. Shoulder the responsibility 
for a statement, etc. 

FATHERHOOD (fa'ffcer-hod), n. State of be- 
ing a father; fatherly authority. 

FATHER-IN-LAW (fa'«fcer-in-la), n. Father 
of one's husband or wife. 

FATHERLAND (fa'tfter-land), n. Land of one's 
fathers. 

FATHERLESS (fa'tfter-les), a. 1. Destitute of a 
living father. 2. Without a known author. 

FATHERLINESS (fa/ffter-li-nes), n. State or 
quality of being fatherly. 

FATHERLY (fa/#fter-li), I. o. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to a father. 2. Manifesting the care or 
affection of a father. II. adv. In the manner 
of a father. 

FATHOM (fatft'um), n. 1. Nautical measure 
equaling six feet. 2. Depth of intellect; 
penetration. 3. Formerly, space between 
the extremities of both arms extended. [A. 

5. fwthm.] 

FATHOM (fa(ft'um), vt. [pr.p. FATH'OMING; 

p.t. and p.p. FATHOMED (fatft'umd).] 1. 

Try the depth of ; sound. 2. Get at the bottom 

of; comprehend. 
FATHOMLESS (fafft'um-Ies), a. That can not 

be fathomed. 
FATIGUE (fa-teg'), vt. [pr.p. FATIGUING (fa- 

teg'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. FATIGUED (fa-tegd').] 

Tire out; weary; jade. [Fr. fatiguer; from 

L. fatigo, tire.] 
FATIGUE (fa-teg'), n. 1. Weariness from labor 

of body or of mind. 2. Toil. 3. Military 

work, distinct from the use of arms. — Fa' 

tigue-dress, dress worn by soldiers when on 

fatigue-duty. — Fatigue-duty, work of soldiers 

distinct from the use of arms. 
FATLING (fat'ling), n. Young animal fattened 

for slaughter. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FATNESS 



479 



FEARFULLY 



FATNESS (fat'nes), n. 1. Quality or state of 
being fat; fullness of flesh. 2. Richness; 
fertility. 3. That which makes fertile. 

FATTEN (fat'n), v. [pr.p. FATTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. FATTENED (fat'nd).] I. vt. 1. 
Make fat or fleshy. 2. Make fertile. II. 
vi. Grow fat. 

FATTINESS (fat'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fat. 

FATTISH (fat'ish), a. Somewhat fat. 

FATTY (fat'i), a. Containing fat or having the 
qualities of fat; greasy. 

FATUITY (fa-tu'i-ti), n. Feebleness of intellect; 
imbecility. 

FATUOUS (fat'u-us), a. 1. Silly; feeble-minded. 
2. Without reality; deceptive, like the ignis 
fatuus. [L. fatuus.] 

FAT-WITTED (fat'wit-ed), a. Dull; stupid. 

FAUCAL (fa'kal), a. Pertaining to the fauces. 

FAUCES (fa'sez), n.pl. 1. Narrow passage from 
mouth to pharynx. 2. Any similar narrow 
passage. [L., throat.] 

FAUCET (fa'set), n. Device fitted with a valve 
for controlling the outlet of a pipe conveying 
liquid. [O. Fr. fausset — fausser, falsify, pierce.] 

FAUGH (fa), inter j. Signifies contempt or dis- 
gust. 

FAULT (fait), n. 1. Defect; imperfection. 2. 
Displacement of strata. 3. Dereliction from 
duty; foible. [O. Fr. faute; from L. fallo, 
deceive.] 

SYN. Error; omission; blemish; draw- 
back; failing; foible; offense; flaw; weak- 
ness; frailty; indiscretion; slip. ANT. 
Correctness; perfection; completeness. 

FAULTFINDER (falt'find-er), n. Person given 
to finding fault. 

FAULTILY (falt'i-li), adv. In a faulty manner. 

FAULTINESS (falt'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being faulty. 

FAULTLESS (falt'Ies), a. Without fault or de- 
fect. 

FAULTLESSLY (falt'les-li), adv. In a fault- 
less manner. 

FAULTLESSNESS (falt'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being faultless. 

FAULTY (falt'i), a. 1. Defective; imperfect. 
2. Guilty of a fault; culpable. 

FAUN (fan), n. One of a class of 
rural deities among the Romans 
bearing a strong resemblance to 
the satyrs. [L. Faunus — faveo, 
favor.] 

FAUNA (fa'na), n. The animals 
collectively native to any region 
or epoch. [L. Fauna, sister of 
Faunus, god of agriculture and of shepherds.] 

FAUST (fowst) or FAUSTUS (fowst'us), n. A 
semi-mythical German character carried off 
by the devil; principal character of Goethe's 
tragedy of that name. 

FAUX-PAS (fo-pa'), n. False step; blunder 
act compromising good behavior. [Fr.] 




Faun. 



FAVELLA (fa-vel'a), n. Bot. Dense terminal 
agglomeration of spores within a thin color- 
less membrane. [L. favus, honeycomb.] 

FAVOR (fa'vur), n. 1. Kindly regard; good 
will. 2. State of favoring or being favored. 
3. Kind deed; act of grace or lenity. 4. Par- 
tiality. 5. Permission. 6. Small gift at a 
german, etc. [L.; from faveo, favor.] 

FAVOR (fa'vur), vt. [pr.p. FA'VORING; p.U 
and p.p. FAVORED (fa'vurd).] 1. Regard 
with good will. 2. Re on the side of. 3. 
Treat indulgently. 4. Afford advantage to. 
5. Resemble. (Colloq.) 

FAVORARLE (fa'vur-a-bl), a. Friendly; pro- 
pitious; conducive to; advantageous. 

SYN. Opportune; auspicious; lucky; ben- 
eficial; serviceable; auxiliary. ANT. Inop- 
portune; unlucky; inimical; onerous; hurt- 
ful; pernicious. 

FAVORARLENESS (fa'vur-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or condition of being favorable. 

FAVORARLY (fa'vur-a-bli), adv. In a favor- 
able manner. 

FAVORED (fa'vurd), a. Having a certain ap- 
pearance; featured. 

FAVORITE (fa'vur-it), I. n. One regarded with 
favor; one unduly loved. II. o. Esteemed; 
beloved; preferred. 

FAVORITISM (fa'vur-it-izm), n. Practice of 
favoring or showing partiality. 

FAVOSE (fa-v6z'), a. Bot. Honeycombed, as 
the receptacles of many Composites. [L. 
favosus, honeycombed.] 

FAWN (fan), I. n. Young deer. II. a. Re- 
sembling a fawn in color. [Fr. faon.] 

FAWN (fan), vi. [pr.p. FAWNING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAWNED (fand).] Cringe; flatter in a servile 
way (with upon). [O. E. fawner, flatter — A. S. 
fwgen, glad. Akin to FAIR.] 

FAY (fa), vi. [pr.p. FAYING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAYED (fad).] Fit closely. [A. S. faiger.] 

FAY (fa), n. Fairy. [Fr. fee — L. fata. Akin to 
FATE.] 

FAZE (faz), vt. [pr.p. FA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
FAZED (fazd).] Upset; disturb; ruffle. (Colloq.) 

FEALTY (fe'al-ti), n. Fidelity; loyalty. [O. 
Fr. fealte — L. fidelitas.] 

FEAR (fer), n. 1. Painful emotion, excited 
by danger; apprehension of danger or pain; 
alarm. 2. Object of fear. 3. Deep rever- 
ence; piety. [A. S. fwr, fear.] 

FEAR (fer), v. [pr.p. FEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FEARED (ferd).] I. vt. 1. Regard with fear. 
2. Expect with alarm. 3. Stand in awe of. 
II. vi. 1. Re afraid. 2. Re in doubt. 

FEARFUL (fer'fQl), a. 1. Afraid; timorous. 2. 
Showing, or caused by, fear. 3. Terrible. 

SYN. Timid; cautious; awful; dreadful; 
horrible. ANT. Rold; audacious; inviting; 
hopeful. 

FEARFULLY (fer'fol-i), adv. 1. In a timid or 
frightened manner. 2. In a manner to cause 
fear. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owJ, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FEARFULNESS 



4S0 



FEED 



FEARFULNESS (fer'fol-nes), «. State of being 
afraid. 

FEARLESS (fer'les), a. Without fear; daring; 
brave. 

FEARLESSLY (fer'les-li), adv. In a fearless 
manner. 

FEARLESSNESS (fer'les-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing fearless; boldness; intrepidity. 

FEASIBILITY (fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being feasible. 

FEASIBLE (fe'zi-bl), a. Practicable; capable of 
being effected. [Fr. faisable.] 

FEAST (fest), n. 1. Day of solemnity or joy. 
2. Rich and abundant repast. 3. Rich en- 
joyment for the mind or heart. [O. Fr. feste; 
from L. festum, holiday; from festus, joyful.] 

SYN. Banquet; entertainment; treat; ca- 
rousal; festival; holiday; delight; festiv- 
ity. ANT. Fast. 

FEAST (fest), v. [pr.p. FEASTING; p.t. and 
p.p. FEAST'ED.] I. vi. 1. Hold a feast; eat 
sumptuously. 2. Receive intense delight. 
II. vt. Entertain lavishly. 

FEAT (fet), n. Deed of strength, skill, or cour- 
age. [Fr. fait — L. factum, done.] 

FEATHER (teth'er), n. 1. One of the growths 
which form the covering of a bird. 2. Feather- 
like growth, part or ornament. [A. S. f ether.] 

FEATHER (fetfc'er), vt. [pr.p. FEATHERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FEATHERED (fe*ft'erd).l 1. 
Furnish or adorn with feathers. 2. Cleave 
or split the air with, or as with, awing or feather ; 
as to feather an oar in rowing a boat. 

FEATHERED (feffc'erd), a. 1. Covered or 
fitted with feathers. 2. Resembling feathers; 
feathery. 3. Fleet, like a feathered animal 

FEATHER-EDGE (fe*7t'er-ej), n. Thinner edge 
of a board or plank. 

FEATHERING (feffc'er-ing), n. 1. Plumage. 
2. Act of providing or furnishing with feath- 
ers. 

FEATHER-VEINED (feffc'er-vand), a. Boi. 
Having veins proceeding from the midrib to 
the margin, said of a leaf. 

FEATHER-WEIGHT (fetfc'er-wat), n. 1. Light- 
est weight that may be carried by a racing- 
horse. 2. Boxer, wrestler, etc., of a class 
below the light-weights. 3. One of small 
importance or ability. 

FEATHERY (fetfc'er-i), a. 1. Pertaining to, 
resembling, or covered with feathers. 2. 
Bot. Plumose or covered with long down-like 
hairs. 

FEATURE (fe'tur), n. 1. Mark by which any- 
thing is recognized; prominent trait; marked 
characteristic. 2. Cast or form of the face or 
any part of it. 3. [pi.] Countenance. [Fr. 
faiture — L. factura; from faeio, make.] 

FEATURE (fe'tur), vt. [pr.p. FEA'TURING; 
p.t. and p.p. FEATURED (fe'turd).] Give 
prominence or precedence to, as to a news- 
paper article or character on the stage of a 
theater. 



FEBRIFUGE (febri-fuj), n. Medicine for re- 
moving fever. [L. febris, fever, and fugo, put 
to flight.] 

FEBRILE (fe'bril or feb'ril), a. Pertaining to 
fever; feverish. [Fr. — L. febris.] 

FEBRUARY (feb'ro-a-ri), n. Second month of 
the year. [L. Februarius (mensis) =month 
of expiation — februa, festival of expiation.] 

FECES, n. pi. See F^CES. 

FECIT (fe'sit), n. Word usually added to name 
of an artist or designer of work of art to Indi- 
cate the maker. Lit. "He made it*" [L. 
facio, make.] 

FECULA (fek'u-la), n. [pi. FECULE (fek'u-15).] 
1. Powder obtained by grinding a part of a 
plant; flour. 2. Bot. Starch or farinaceous 
substances, [L.] 

FECUND (fek'und), a. Fertile, prolific. 

FECUNDATE (fek'un-dat), vt. [pr.p. FECUN- 
DATING; p.t. and p.p. FECUNDATED.] Make 
prolific or fruitful. 

FECUNDATION (fek-un-da'shun), n. Act of 
impregnating; state of being impregnated. [L.j 

FECUNDITY (fek-un'di-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being fecund. 

FED (fed), v. Past tense and past participle of 
FEED. 

FEDERAL (fed'er-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
treaty, or a federation, like the U. S. 2. 
Founded upon mutual agreement. [Fr. — L. 
faedus, treaty.] 

FEDERATE (fed'er-at), a. United by league; 
confederate. 

FEDERATE (fed'er-at), v. [pr.p. FED'ERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. FED'ERATED.] I. vt. Cause to 
unite in a league or confederacy. II. vi. 
Organize under a federation. 

FEDERATION (fed-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
uniting to form a confederacy. 2. Confed- 
erated government; confederacy. 

FEDERATIVE (fed'er-a-tiv), o. Uniting in 
league. 

FEE (fe), n. 1. Price paid for services, as to a 
lawyer. 2. Law. Estate of inheritance in 
land. [A. S. fceh, cattle, property.] 

FEE (fe), vt. [pr.p. FEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. FEED 
(.fed).] 1. Pay a fee to. 2. Hire. 

FEEBLE (fe'bl), a. Weak; wanting in strength; 
showing incapacity; faint; dull. [O. Fr. 
feble — L. flebilis, lamentable, from fleo, weep.] 

FEEBLE-MINDED (fe'bl-mind-ed), a. 1. Idi- 
otic; imbecile. 2. Irresolute. 

FEEBLENESS (febl-nes), n. Debility. 

FEEBLY (fe'bli), adv. In a feeble manner. 

FEED (fed), v. [pr.p. FEED'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FED.] I. vt. 1. Give food to. 2. Supply 
with food. 3. Supply with that which is 
necessary; keep supplied. 4. Foster; cherish; 
indulge, as to feed one's hopes. II. vi. 1. 
Take food; eat, said specially of animals. 2. 
Subsist. 3. Indulge or gratify one's self 
mentally. [A. S. fedan; from foda, food.] 

FEED (fed), n. 1. Anything used as food, es- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, herr :mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch yude; oil, owI„jtAen, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FEEDER 



4S1 



FELT 



pecially for cattle; fodder. 2. An allowance 
of pro # vender, especially to cattle. 3. The 
motion forward of anything being fed to a 
machine. 

FEEDER (fed'er), n. 1. One who supplies food. 
2. One who eats. 3. Stream which supplies 
a main stream with water. 4. Branch rail- 
way. 5. Elec. One of the wires through 
which the current is distributed to the main 
conductors. 

FEEL (fel), v. [pr.p. FEEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FELT.] I. vt. 1. Perceive by touch. 2. 
Handle. 3. Be conscious of. 4. Be sensible of. 
5. Have an inward persuasion of. II. vi. 1. 
Know by touch. 2. Have the emotions ex- 
cited. 3. Perceive one's self to be, as cold. 
4. Produce a certain sensation when touched, 
as hard or rough. [A. S. felan, feel.] 

FEEL (fel), n. 1. Sensation of touch; touch. 
2. Mental perception. 

FEELER (fel'er), n. 1. Device to sound the 
opinions of others. 2. [pi.] Jointed parts on the 
heads of insects, etc., possessed of a delicate 
sense of touch; antennae. 

FEELING (fel'ing), I. n. 1. Sense of touch; 
perception of objects by touch. 2. Conscious- 
ness of pleasure or pain. 3. Tenderness. 4. 
Emotion. 5. [pi.] Affections; passions. II. a. 

1. Expressive of sensibility or tenderness. 

2. Easily affected. 

SYN. Touch; sensation; sentiment; pas- 
sion. ANT. Insensibility; callousness; im- 
perturbability ; coldness. 

FEELINGLY (fel'ing-li), adv. 1. With feeling 
or expression. 2. Heartily. 

FEET (fet), n. Plural of FOOT. 

FEIGN (fan), vt. [pr.p. FEIGN'ING; p.U and p.p. 
FEIGNED (fand).] 1. Invent; imagine. 2. 
Make a show of or pretense of. [Fr. feindre 
— L. fingo, form.] 

FEIGNED (fand), a. Pretended; simulating. 

FEIGNEDLY (fan'ed-li), adv. In a feigned 
manner. 

FEIGNER (fan'er), n. One who feigns. 

FEINT (fant), n. 1. False appearance; pre- 
tense. 2. Pretended attack at one point 
when another is intended to be struck, in 
order to throw an antagonist off his guard. 
[Fr. feindre. See FEIGN.] 

FEINT (fant), vi. [pr.p. FEINT 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FEINT'ED.] Make a feint, or pretended 
attack. 

FELDSPAR (feld'spar), n. Crystalline mineral 
found in granite, etc. [Ger., field-spar.] 

FELICITATE (fe-lis'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. FELICI- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. FELICITATED.] 1. Con- 
gratulate. 2. Make happy. [L. felix, happy.] 

FELICITATION (fe-lis-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
felicitating. 

FELICITOUS (fe-lis'i-tus), a. 1. Delightfully 
appropriate. 2. Happy; prosperous. 

FELICITOUSLY (fe-Iis'i-tus-li), adv. In a fe- 
licitous manner. 



FELICITY (fe-lis'i-ti), n. 1. Happiness. 2. 
Source of happiness. 3. Happy faculty; happy 
turn; appropriateness. [L. felicitas.] 

SYN. Bliss; gladness; joy; rejoicing; 
delight; enjoyment; blessedness; comfort. 
ANT. Woe; sadness; sorrow; mourning; 
tribulation; affliction. 

FELINE (fe'lin), a. Pertaining to the cat; like 
a cat. [L. felinus — felis, cat.] 

FELL (f el), n. 1. Barren or stony hill. 2. Moor. 
[Ice.] 

FELL (fel), v. Past tense of FALL. 

FELL (fel), vt. [pr.p. FELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FELLED (feld).] Cause to fall or cut down. 

FELL (fel), vt. [pr.p. FELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FELLED (feld).] Flatten and sew (a scam) 
level with the cloth. [Gael, fill, fold.] 

FELL (fel), n. Skin; pelt. [A. S. fel.] 

FELL (fel), a. Cruel; fierce; bloody. [A. S. fel, 
felling.] 

FELLAH (fel'a), n. Egyptian peasant, laborer, 
or tiller of the soil. [Ar.] 

FELLER (fel'er), n. Cutter of wood. [A. S. 
fellan, causal form of feallan, fall.] 

FELLOE, n. See FELLY. 

FELLOW (fel'6), n. 1. Associate; companion 
and equal. 2. One of a pair; mate. 3. 
Member of a university who enjoys a fellow- 
ship. 4. Member of a scientific or other so- 
ciety. 5. Worthless or ill-bred person. [Ice. 
felagi, a partner in goods; from fe, cattle, 
property, and lag, a laying together.] 

FELLOW-FEELING (fel'6-fel-ing), n. Union in 
feeling; sympathy. 

FELLOWSHIP (fel'6-ship), n. 1. State of being 
a fellow or partner. 2. Friendly intercourse; 
communion. 3. Association. 4. Endow- 
ment in a university for the support of 
graduates called fellows. 5. Position and 
income of a fellow. 6. Proportional divi- 
sion of profit and loss among partners. 
[Ice. felagi, partner in good — roots of FEE 
and LAW.] 

FELLY (fel'i), FELLOE (fel'6), n. [pi. FELLIES 
(fel'iz), FELLOES (fel'oz).] One of the curved 
pieces forming the circumference of a wheel. 
[A. S. felg.] 

FELON (fel'un), I. n. 1. Law. Person who 
has committed a felony. 2. Whitlow. II. 
o. Malignant; malicious; treacherous. [Fr. 
felon, traitor.] 

SYN. See CULPRIT. 

FELONIOUS (fe-16'ni-us), a. Malignant; per- 
fidious. 

FELONIOUSLY (fe-16'ni-us-li), adv. With the 
deliberate intention to commit a crime. [Fr. 
felon, traitor.] 

FELONY (fel'un-i), n. [pi. FELONIES (fel'o- 
niz).] Heinous crime punishable by impris- 
onment or death. 

FELSPAR, n. Same as FELDSPAR. 

FELT (felt), v. Past tense and past participle of 
FEEL. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



— *< 



FELT 



483 



FERRET 




FELT (felt), n. Cloth made of wool, hair, etc., 
without weaving. 

FELT (felt), vt. [pr.p. FELTING; p.U and 
p.p. FELT'ED.] Make into felt; cover with 
felt. 

FELTED (felt'ed), a. BoU Matted with inter- 
twined hairs. 

FELTING (felting), n. 1. Art or process of 
making felt. 2. Material for making felt. 
3. Felt. [A. S.] 

FELUCCA (fe-luk'a), n. Boat 
with oars and lateen (three- 
cornered) sails, used in the 
Mediterranean. [It. feluca — 
Ar. fulk, ship.] 

FEMALE (fe'mal), I. a. 1. Of 

the sex that produces young Felucca. 

or fruit. 2. Pertaining to females. II. n. 
One of the female sex. [Fr. femelle — L. 
fetnella.] 

FEMININE (fem'i-nin), a. 1, Pertaining to 
woman; womanly; tender; delicate. 2. Gram. 
Of the gender denoting females. 

FEMININITY (fem-i-nin'i-ti), n. 1. Woman- 
kind. 2. Womanhood; womanliness. 

FEMINIST (fem'i-nist), n. 1. Believer in and 
advocate of rights of woman as equal to 
those of man; suffragette. 2. Student of 
social and physiological traits in woman. 

FEMINOUS (fem'i-nus), a. BoU Containing 
pistils but no stamina. 

FEMORAL (fem'o-ral), a. Belonging to the 
thigh. [L. femur.] 

FEMUR (fe'mxir), n. [pi. FEMORA (fem'o-ra).] 
Thigh bone. [L.] 

FEN (fen), n. Low, marshy land. [A. S.] 

FENCE (fens), n. 1. Wall or hedge for in- 
closing or protecting. 2. Art of fencing; de- 
fense. 3. Receiver of stolen goods. [Abbr. 
of DEFENSE.] 

FENCE (fens), v. [pr.p. FEN'CING; p.t. and p.p, 
FENCED (fenst).] I. vt. Inclose with a fence; 
fortify. II. vi. Practice fencing. 

FENCER (fen'ser), n. One who practices fen- 
cing with a sword. 

FENCING (fen'sing), n. 1. Act of erecting a 
fence. 2. Material for making fences. 3. Art 
of attack and defense with a sword or other 
weapon. 

FENCING-STICK (fen'sing-stik), n. Stick of 
tough durable wood fitted with a basket-hilt 
like a sword or cutlass and used for fencing 
or broad-sword practice. Same as SINGLE- 
STICK. 

FEND (fend), vt. [pr.p. FENDING; p.t. and p.p. 
FENDED.] Ward off; shut out. [Abbr. of 
DEFEND. ] 

FENDER (fend'er), n. 1. Metal guard before 
the fire to confine the coals and ashes. 2. 
Device to secure protection for a ship's side. 
3. Device in front of electric cars to protect 
people from getting under the wheels. 

.TENIAN (fe'ni-an), n. Member of a brother- 




win 

Fennec (Vulpes zerda). 



hood founded in N. T. (1857) to secure in- 
dependence for Ireland. [Fianna, an an- 
cient Irish militia.] 

FeNIANISM (fe'ni-an-izm), n. Principles or 
practices of the Fenians. 

FENNEC (fen'- 
ek), n. Dimin- 
utive fox from 
Africa, genus 
Fennecus, of 
a creamy- 
brown color 
and black 
bushy tail. 

FENNEL (fen'- 
el), n. Fra- 
grant plant 
with yellow 
flowers. [A. S. fenol — L. fceniculum.] 

FERMENT (ferment), n. 1. What excites fer- 
mentation, as yeast, leaven. 2. Internal 
motion among the parts of a fluid. 3. Agita- 
tion; tumult. [L. ferveo, boil.] 

FERMENT (fer-ment), v. [pr.p. FERMENT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FERMENT'ED.] I. vt. Ex- 
cite fermentation in; inflame. II. vi. 1. Rise 
and swell by the action of fermentation; work. 
2. Be in excited action; be stirred with 
anger. 

FERMENT ABILITY (fer-ment-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being fermentable. 

FERMENTABLE (fer-ment'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being fermented. 

FERMENTATION (fer-men-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Chemical conversion of an organic substance, 
through ebullition or effervescence, into new 
compounds in presence of a ferment. 2. 
State of high commotion; excitement. 

FERN (fern), n. Plant with 
feather-like leaves called 
fronds. 

FERNY (fern'i), a. Full of, or 
overgrown with, ferns. 

FEROCIOUS (fe-ro'shus), a. 
Savage; fierce; cruel. [L. 
feroxJ] 

SYN. Wild; furious. ANT. 
Docile; gentle; kind; affec- 
tionate; tame. 

FEROCIOUSLY (fe-ro'shus-li), 
adv. In a ferocious manner. 

FEROCIOUSNESS (fe-ro'shus-nes), n. 
of being ferocious. 

FEROCITY (fe-ros'i-ti), n. [pi, FEROCITD3S 
(fe-ros'i-tiz).] Savage cruelty of disposition; 
untamed fierceness. 

FERONIA (fe-ro'ni-a), n. Greek Myth. Goddess 
of flowers whose temple was in Etruria at the 
foot of Mount Soracte. 

FERRET (fer'et), vt. [pr.p. FER'RETING; p.t. 
and p.p. FER'RETED.] 1. Drive out of a hi- 
ding place. 2. Search out carefully and 
shrewdly. 




Tree-fern (Os- 
munda regalis). 

Quality 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FERRET 



483 



FETCH 



FERRET (fer'et), n. Tame animal of the 
weasel kind employed in unearthing rabbits 
and killing rats. [Fr. furet — L. fur, thief.] 




Ferret {Autorius furo). 

FERRIAGE (fer'i-aj), n. 1. Toll paid at a ferry. 
2. Conveyance of passengers and freight by 
ferry. 

FERRIC (fer'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to iron. 2. 
Containing iron. 

FERRITE (fer'It), n. Mining. Hydrous oxide 
of iron. 

FERRO-CONCRETE (fer-d-kon'kret), n. Arch. 
Concrete reinforced by combination with iron 
in various forms. 

FERRO-TITANIUM (fer-6-ti-ta'ni-um), w. 
Chem. Composite parts of titanium and iron 
used in making steel. 

FERROUS (fer'us), a. Relating to, obtained 
from, or containing iron. 

FERRUGINOUS (fer-ro'Ji-nus), a. 1. Of the 
color of iron-rust. 2. Impregnated with iron. 
[L. ferruginus — ferrugo, iron-rust; from fer- 
rum, iron.] 

FERRULE (fer'ol), n. Metal ring on a staff, etc., 
to keep it from splitting. [Fr. virole — L. 
virola, bracelet; from vieo, bind.] 

FERRY (fer'i), v. [pr.p. FER'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. FERRIED (fer'id).] I. vt. 1. Carry or 
convey on a boat or float across a river, strait, 
or other narrow body of water. 2. Cross in a 
ferry-boat. II. vi. Be conveyed in a ferry- 
boat. [A. S. ferian, convey.] 

FERRY (fer'i), n. [pi. FER'RIES.] 1. Place 
where one may be conveyed across a body of 
water. 2. Ferry-boat. 3. Right of con- 
veying passengers by ferry. — Aerial ferry, 
where ferriage is carried on by means of avia- 
tion or by means of a hanging conveyer 
traveling on an elevated trolley wire. 

FERRY-BOAT (fer'i-bot), n. Boat for carrying 
passengers or freight across a body of water, 
at a ferry. 

FERRYMAN (fer'i-man), n. [pi. FERRYMEN.] 
One who keeps a ferry. 

FERTILE (fer'til), a. 1. Able to produce. 2. 
Inventive. 3. Bot. Capable of bearing fruit. 
[L. fertilis; from fero, bear.] 

SYN. Productive; fruitful; prolific; fec- 
und; teeming. ANT. Sterile; unproductive; 
barren; fruitless; uninventive. 

FERTILELY (fer'til-i)*, adv. In a fertile manner. 

IFERTILENESS (fer'til-nes), n. Fertility. 



FERTILITY (fer-til'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being fertile; fruitfulness. 

FERTILIZE (fer'til-iz), vt. [pr.p. FERTILI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. FERTILIZED (fer'til-Izd).] 
Make fertile or fruitful; enrich. 

FERTILIZER (fer'til-i-zer), n. 1. One who, or 
that which fertilizes. 2. Manure, as guano, 
phosphate of lime, etc. 

FERULE (fer'ol), n. Rod used for striking 
children in punishment. [L. ferula — ferio, 
strike.] 

FERVENCY (fer'ven-si), n. State of being fer- 
vent; eagerness; warmth of devotion. 

FERVENT (fer'vent), a. Ardent; zealous; warm 
in feeling. [L. ferveo, boil.] 

FERVENTLY (fer'vent-li), adv. In a fervent 
manner. 

FERVENTNESS (fer'vent-nes), n. Fervency. 

FERVID (fer'vid), a. Very hot; boiling; glow- 
ing with desire or emotion; zealous. [L. 
fervidus; from ferveo, boil.] 

FERVIDLY (fer'vid-li), adv. In a fervid manner. 

FERVIDNESS (fer'vid-nes), n. Fervency; fer- 
vor. 

FERVOR (fer'vur), n. Heat; intense feeling; 
glowing zeal. 

SYN. Ardor; warmth; fervency; enthu- 
siasm. ANT. Calmness; indifference; cold- 
ness. 

FESTAL (fes'tal), a. Pertaining to a feast or 
holiday; joyous. 

FESTER (fes'ter), n. 1. Wound discharging 
corrupt matter; ulcerous sore. 2. Act of 
festering. [O. Fr. festre; from L. fistula, ulcer.] 

FESTER (fes'ter), v. [pr.p. FES'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FESTERED [fes'terd.] I. vt. Cause 
to fester or rankle. II. vi. Become virulent; 
rankle. 

FESTIVAL (fes'ti-val), n. Joyful celebration; 
feast. 

FESTIVE (fes'tiv), o. Festal; mirthful; gay. 
[L. festivus; from festum, feast.] 

SYN. Convivial; Jovial; merry. ANT. 
Solitary; ascetic; gloomy. 

FESTIVITY (fes-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. FESTIVITIES.] 

1. Social mirth at a feast; gaiety. 2. Festival. 
FESTOON (fes-ton'), w. 

Garland suspended 

between two points; 

sculptured ornament 

like a wreath of flow- 
ers, etc. [Fr. feston — 

L. festum, feast.] 
FESTOON(fes-ton'), vt. 

[pr.p.FESTOONING ; 

p.t. and p.p. FESTOONED (fes-tond').] Adorn 

with festoons. 
FETAL (fe'tal), a. Of or pertaining to a fetus. 
FETCH (fech), vt. [pr.p. FETCH'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. FETCHED (fecht).] 1. Bring; go and get. 

2. Obtain as its price. 3. Accomplish in any 
way; reach or attain. [A. S. fetian, fetch; 
Ger. fassen.] 




Festoon. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



FETCH 



484 



FICTITIOUS 



FETCH (fech), n. 1. Act of fetching or bring- 
ing. 2. Space over which anything is fetched. 
3. Stratagem; artifice; trick. 

FETCHING (fech'ing), a. Taking; fascinating. 
(Colloq.) 

FETE (fat), n. Festival or feast; holiday. [Fr. — 
L. festum, feast.] ■ 

FETE (fat), vt. [pr.p. FETING; p.t. and p.p. 
FETED.] Entertain at a feast. 

FETICH, FETISH (fetish), w. 1. Image or ob- 
ject considered as possessing divine power 
and worshiped. 2. Object of exclusive and 
inordinate devotion. [Fr. fetiche; from Pg. 
feitico, magic] 

FETICHISM, FETISHISM (fe'tish-izm), n. 1. 
Worship of fetiches. 2. Superstition. 

FETID (fet'id), a. Having a strong offensive 
odor. [L. fcetidus — fteteo, smell foul.] 

FETISH (fetish), n. Same as FETICH. 

FETLOCK (fet'lok), n. 1. Tuft of hair that 
grows behind on horses' feet. 2. Part where 
this hair grows. [From roots of FOOT and 
LOCK.] 

FETTER (fet'er), n. 1. Chain or shackle for 
the feet. 2. Anything that restrains; used 
chiefly in plural. [A. S. feter — fet, feet.] 

FETTER (feter), vt. [pr.p. FETTERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FETTERED (feterd).] 1. Put fetters 
on. 2. Restrain ; hamper. 

FETTLE (fet'l), n. Condition; a prepared state. 
[A. S. fetel, girth, belt.] 

FETUS, F03TUS (fe'tus), n. Young in the egg 
or in the womb. [L.] 

FEUD (fud), n. Deadly quarrel between tribes, 
parties or families; bloody strife. [A. S. 
fcehadh — fah, hostile.] 

FEUD (fud),n. Land held on condition of serv- 
ice; fief. [L. L. feudum; from root of 
FEE.] 

FEUDAL (fu'dal), a. Pertaining to feuds or 
fiefs; belonging to feudalism. 

FEUDALISM (fu'dal-izm), n. System, during 
the middle ages, by which vassals held the 
lands from lords-superior on condition of 
military service. 

FEUDATORY (fuda-to-ri), a. Holding lands 
or power by feudal tenure. [L. L. feudum; 
from root of FEE.] 

FEVER (fe'ver), n. 1. Disease marked by 
great bodily heat and quickening of pulse. 
2. Extreme excitement. 3. Painful degree 
of anxiety. 

FEVERFEW (fever-fu), n. Bot. Plant and 
flower of the Chrysanthemum genus, used 
both for ornamental and medicinal purposes 
(Matricaria Parthenium). 

FEVERISH (fe'ver-ish), a. Slightly fevered; 
Indicating fever; hot; excited. 

FEVERISHNESS (fe'ver-ish-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being feverish. 

FEW (fu), a. Small in number; not many. [A. 
S. fed, pi. feave.] 

FEWNESS (fu'nes), n. State of being few. 




FEZ (fez), n. Red cap of felt or cloth with 
a tassel of black or 
colored silk or wool 
at the crown, much 
worn in Turkey, etc. 
[From Fes, town in 
Morocco.] 

FIACRE (fe-aker), n. 
Species of four-wheeled 
cab for hire. [Fr.] Fez - 

FIANCE (fe-ang-sa'), n. [fern, FIANCEE (fe- 
ang-sa').] One that is affianced or betrothed. 
[Fr.] 

FIASCO (fe-as'ko), n. Failure. [It.] 

FIAT (fi'at), n. Formal or solemn command; 
decree. [L.; let it be done.] 

FIB (fib), n. Lie; falsehood; story. [From 
FABLE.] 

FIB (fib), v. [pr.p. FDB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
FIBBED (flbd).] vi. Speak falsely; tell a fib 
or lie. 

FIBER, FIBRE (fi'ber), n. 1. One of the small 
threads or filaments composing the parts of 
animals or vegetables. 2. Thread-like sub- 
stance. [Fr. — L. fibra, thread.] 

FIBRIL (fi'bril), n. 1. Small fiber. 2. Minute 
thread composing an animal fiber. [L. L. 
fibrilla, dim. of L. fibra.] 

FIBRIN (fi'brin), n. Organic compound com- 
posed of thready fibers. 

FIBROID (fibroid), a. Having the nature or 
form of a fiber or fibers. 

FIBROSIN (fibro-sin), w. Bot. Reserve sub- 
stance found in certain fungi resembling 
fibrin. 

FIBROUS (fi'brus), a. Composed of or contain- 
ing fibers. 

FIBULA (fib'u-la), n. [pi. FD3'UI^E.] 1. Clasp 
or buckle. 2. Anat. Outer of the two bones 
from the knee to the ankle. [L.] 

FIBULAR (flb'u-lar), a. Of or pertaining to the 
fibula. 

FICHU (fe-sh60, n. 1. Three-cornered cape 
worn over the shoulders, the ends crossed 
upon the bosom. 2. Triangular piece of 
muslin, lace, etc., worn about the neck. [Fr.] 

FICKLE (flk'l), a. Inconstant; changeable. 
[A. S. ficol.] 

SYN. Capricious; variable; mutable; 
vacillating; wavering; shifting; fitful; ir- 
resolute; unreliable; veering. ANT. Steady; 
constant; steadfast. 

FICKLENESS (flk'1-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fickle. 

FICTILE (flk'til), a. Used or fashioned by the 
potter. [L. fingo, form.] 

FICTION (flk'shun), n. 1. Invention. 2. Feigned 
or false story; romance; novel. 3. Fic- 
titious literature. 4. Legal assumption as a 
fact. [Fr. — L. fictio; from fictus, p.p. of fingo, 
feign.] 

FICTITIOUS (flk-tish'us); a. Imaginary; not 
real; forged. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



FICTITIOUSLY 



485 



FIFTY 



FICTITIOUSLY (fik-tish'us-li), adv. In a fic- 
titious manner; by fiction. 

FlCUS (fi'kus), n. Bot. Large genus of trees 
or shrubs of the nettle family; the figs. [L>, 
fig.] 

FID (fid), n. 1. Conical pin of hard wood, used 
by sailors to open the strands of a rope in 
splicing. 2. Square bar of wood or iron, 
with a shoulder at one end, used to support 
the weight of the topmast or top-gallant-mast 
when swayed up into place. 

FIDDLE (fld'l), n. 1. Stringed musical instru- 
ment, played with a bow; violin. 2. Naut. 
Device of raised pieces of wood held together 
by cloth or canvas strips to keep dishes on 
table In stormy weather; also called weather- 
rack or fiddle-rack. 

FIDDLE (fld'l), v. [pr.p. FID'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. FIDDLED (fld'ld).] I. vt. 1. Play or 
execute on a fiddle. 2. Fritter or trifle. 3. 
Drive gradually. II. vi. 1. Play upon a 
fiddle. 2. Fidget about; trifle. 

FIDDLER (fld'ler), n. 1. One who plays a fid- 
dle. 2. Small burrowing crab. 

FIDELITY (fl-del'i-ti), n. Faithful performance 
of duty; firm adherence. [L. fidelitas; from 
fidelis, faithful.] 

FIDGET (flj'et), vi. [pr.p. FIDG'ETING; p.t. and 
p.p. FIDG'ETED.] Move about nervously; 
be in a state of nervous restlessness. [A. S. 
ficol, move quickly to and fro.] 

FIDGET (flj'et), n. 1. Irregular motion; rest- 
lessness. 2. [pi.] General nervous restlessness. 

FIDGETINESS (flj'et-i-nes,), n. Quality or 
state of being fidgety. 

FIDGETY (flj'et-i), a. Restless; uneasy. 

FIDUCIAL (fl-du'shi-aD, «. 1. Showing re- 
liance. 2. Of the nature of a trust. IL. — 
fido, trust.] 

FIDUCIARY (fl-du'shi-ar-i), I. a. 1. Confident; 
unwavering. 2. Held in trust. II. n. One 
who holds in trust. [L. fiduciarius.] 

FIE (fi), inter j. Signifies contempt or disgust. 
[Ger. pfuit Fr. fi!] 

FIEF (fef), n. Land of an owner or of one 
having the power to dispose of same, held in 
fee or on condition of military service; feud. 
[Fr. — L. feudum.] 

FIELD (f eld), n. 1. Open country. 2. Piece 
of ground inclosed for tillage or pasture. 
3. Locality of a battle; the battle itself. 4. 
Room for action or space covered. 5. Wide 
expanse. 6. Competitors in a contest. 7. 
Baseball. Place for players outside the dia- 
mond. [A. S. /eld.] 

FIELD (feld), v. [pr.p. FIELD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FIELD'ED.] I. vt. In baseball and cricket, to 
catch or stop and return from the field. II. 
vi. Act as fielder in baseball or cricket. 

FIELD-ARTILLERY (feld'ar-til-er-i), n. Light 
ordnance for active operations in the field. 

FIELD-DAY (feld'da), n. 1. Day when troops 
are drawn out for instruction in field exer- 




Field-glasses. 



cises. 2. Any day of unusual bustle. 3. Day 

devoted to outdoor athletic sports. 
FIELDER (feld'er), n. 1. One who fields. 2. 

In baseball, a ball thrown or batted into the 

field. (Colloq.) 
FIELD-GLASS (feld'glas), 

n. Binocular telescope 

or opera-glass for looking 

at objects at a consider- 
able distance. 
FIELD-GUN (fSld'gun), n. 

Light cannon for use on 

the field of battle; field- 
piece. 
FIELD-MARSHAL (feld'- 

mar-shal), n. Officer of 

the highest rank in European armies. 
FIELD-OFFICER (feld'of-i-ser), n. Military 

officer above the rank of captain, and below 

that of a general, 
FIELDPIECE (feld'pes), n. Cannon or piece of 

artillery used on the field of battle. 
FIELDWORKS (feld'wurks), n.pl. Temporary 

works thrown up by troops in the field. 
FIEND (fend), n. 1. One actuated by intense 

wickedness or hate. 2. Devil. [A. S. feond — 

feon, hate.] 
FIENDISH (fend'ish), a. Resembling a flend in 

conduct; diabolical; exceedingly malignant 

or wicked. 
FIENDISHNESS (fend'ish-nes), w. Quality or 

state of being fiendish. 
FIERCE (fers), a. Ferocious; violent; angry. 

[O. Fr. fers — L. ferus, wild.] See FEROCIOUS. 
FIERCELY (fers'li), adv. In a fierce manner. 
FIERCENESS (fers'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being fierce. 
FIERI FACIES (fi'e-ri fa'shi-as). Law. Writ 

of execution; abbreviated fi. fa. [L., that you 

cause to be made.] 
FIERINESS (fir'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being fiery. 
FIERY (fir'i), a. 1. Consisting of, or containing 

fire. 2. Hot, ardent; impetuous; irritable. 
FIFE (fif), n. Small pipe used for military music, 

an octave higher than the flute. 
FIFE (fif), vi. [pr.p. FIFING; p.t. and p.p. 

FIFED (fift).] Play on the fife. [Fr. fif re.] 
FIFTEEN (fif 'ten), a. and n. Five and ten. [A. 

S. fifty ne.] 
FIFTEENTH (fif 'tenth), I. a. 1. The fifth 

after the tenth. 2. Being one of fifteen equal 

parts. II. n. A fifteenth part. 
FIFTH (fifth), I. a. Next after the fourth. II. 

n. One of five equal parts. [A. S. fifta.] 
FIFTH-WHEEL (flfth'hwel), n. 1. Circular 

plate on front axle of wagon to facilitate 

turning. 2. Something superfluous; as, the 

fifth-wheel to a coach. 
FIFTIETH (flf'ti-eth), I. o. Ordinal of fifty. II. 

n. Fiftieth part. 
FIFTY (flf'ti), a. and n. Five times ten. [A. S. 

/*/, five, and tig, ten.] 



I 



fSte fat task far fall fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
fate, fat. task, far, ra \ *a re m a g° ot c h ^ de; oil, owl, tften, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



FIG 



486 



FILIBUSTER 



FIG (flg), n. 1. Tree of the genus Ficus or its 
fruit, growing in warm climates. 2. Thing 
of little consequence. [Fr. figue — L. ficus, fig.] 




Fig-tree and Fig {Ficus carica). 

FIGHT (fit), v. [pr.p. FIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

FOUGHT (fat).] I. vi. Contend for victory. 

II. vt. 1. Engage in conflict with. 2. Cause 

to fight. [A. S. feohtan.] 
FIGHT (fit), n. 1. Struggle for victory; battle; 

contest; combat; conflict; engagement. 2. 

Inclination for fighting; pugnacity. [A. S. 

feoht; from feohtan, fight.] 

SYN. Fray; affray; See BATTLE. 
FIGHTER (fit'er), n. One who fights. 
FIGHTING (fit-ing), I. a. 1. Fit or qualified to 

fight. 2. Engaged in war. II. n. Act of 

engaging in a fight. 
FIGMENT (flg'ment), n. Fabrication; invention. 

[L. fingo, form.] 
FIGURATE (flg'u-rat), a. 1. Of a certain de- 
terminate form. 2. Music. Florid. 
FIGURATION (fig-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 

giving figure or form. 2. Music. Mixture 

of chords and discords. 
FIGURATIVE (flg'u-ra-tiv), a. Representing' 

by, containing, or abounding in, figures; 

metaphorical; flowery; typical. 
FIGURATIVELY (flg'u-ra-tiv-li), adv. In a 

figurative manner. 
FIGURE (fig'ur), n. 1. Form of anything; out- 
line. 2. Representation in drawing, etc.; 

design. 3. Statue. 4. Appearance. 5. 

Character denoting a number. 6. Value; 

price. 7. Bhet. Use of words outside of 

their literal or common signification. 8. 

Steps in a dance. 9. Type; emblem. [L. 

figura; from fingo, form.] 
FIGURE (fig'ur), v. [pr.p. FIG'URING; p.t. and 

p.p. FIGUBED (flg'urd).] I. vt. 1. Form or 

shape. 2. Make an image of. 3. Make with 




Fijian. 



figures or designs. 4. Imagine. 5. Symbol- 
ize. 6» Foreshow. 7. Note by figures. II. 
vi. 1. Make figures; calculate. 2. Take a 
part; be conspicuous. 3. Scheme; contrive. 
[L. figuro; from figura, figure.] 

FIGURED (flg'urd), a. Marked or adorned with 
figures. 

FIGUREHEAD (flg'ur-hed), n. 1. Figure or 
bust on the head or prow of a ship. 2. 
One who holds a responsible position in 
name only. 

Fijian, Feejeean (fe'- 

je-an), I. a. Of or pertain- 
ing to the Fiji Islands. 
II. n. Native of the Fiji 
Islands. 

Fiji (fe'je) Islands. Brit- 
ish group in S. Pacific. 
Area 8,048 sq. m. 

FILAMENT (fil'a-ment), n. 
Slender, thread-like ob- 
ject; fiber; part of stamen 
supporting the anther. 

FILAMENTOUS (fll-a-men'tus), a. Thread-like. 

FlLARIA (fi-la'ri-a), n. 1. Genus of parasitic 
thread-like worms. 2. [f-] [pi. FILA'RLE.] 
Thread-worm of this genus, parasitic in man, 
into whose veins its germ is transmitted by 
certain kinds of mosquitos. [L. filum, thread.] 

FILBERT (filbert), n. Fruit or nut of the cul- 
tivated hazel. [From St. Philibert's day, 
August 22, old style.] 

FILCH (filch), vt. [pr.p. FILCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FILCHED (fllcht).] Steal; pilfer. 

FILCHER (filch'er), n. Thief. 

FILE (fil), n. 1. Line or wire on which papers 
are placed in order. 2. Papers so placed. 3. 
Roll or list. 4. Line of soldiers ranged be- 
hind one another. [Fr.; from L. filum, 
thread.] 

FILE (fil), v. [pr.p. FI'LING; p.t. and p.p. FILED 
(fild).J I. vt. 1. Put upon a file. 2. Arrange 
in an orderly manner. 3. Put among the 
records of a court. II. vi. March in a file. 

FILE (fil), w. Steel instrument with sharp-edged 
furrows for smoothing or abrading metals, 
etc. [A. S. /««!.] 

FILE (fil), vt. [pr.p. FI'LING; p.t. and p.p. 
FILED (fild).] Cut or smooth with, or as with, 
a file ; sharpen with a file ; as, to file a saw. 

FILER (fi'ler), n. One who files. 

FILIAL (fil'yal), a. 1. Pertaining to or becom- 
ing a son or daughter. 2. Bearing the rela- 
tion of a child. 

FILIATE (fil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. FIL'IATING; p.t. 
and p.p. FIL'IATED.] Same as AFFILIATE. 

FILIBUSTER (fll'i-bus-ter), n. Lawless military 
or piratical adventurer, as in W. Indies; 
buccaneer. [Sp.] 

FILIBUSTER (fll'i-bus-ter), vi. pr.p. FILI- 
BUSTERING; p.t. and p.p. FILIBUSTERED 
(fll'i-bus-terd).] 1. Act as a freebooter or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ' 



FILIFORM 



487 



FINALLY 




Filipino. 



buccaneer. 2. Resort to irregular means to 
impede or defeat legislation. (Colloq.) 

FILIFORM (fll'i-f arm), o. Bot. Thread-shaped. 

FILIGREE (fil'i-gre), n. 1. Ornamental work 
of gold and silver wire. 2. Fine network, 
containing beads. 3. Any ornamental open 
work. [Sp. filagrdna — L. filum, thread, and 
granum, grain, bead.] 

FILING (fi'ling), n. Particle cut off with a Ale. 

Filipino (m-i-pe 'no), n. [pi. 

FILIPINOS (fil-i-pe'noz).] 
[fern. FILIPINA (fil-i-pe'- 
na) ; pi. FILIPINAS (fil-i- 
pe'naz).] Native of the Phil- 
ippine Islands, specially a 
member of the civilized 
Malay population as dis- 
tinguished from the unciv- 
ilized tribes of the islands. 

FILL (fll), v. [pr.p. FILL'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FILLED 
(flld).] I. vt. 1. Make full; 
put into until all the space is occupied. 2. 
Supply abundantly; satisfy; glut. 3. Hold 
and perform the duties of. 4. Supply, as 
a vacant office. II. vi. Pour or put into 
a vessel of any kind until it is full. [A. S. 
fyllan.] 

FILL (fll), n. 1. As much as fills or satisfies. 

2. A full supply. 3. A single charge of any- 
thing. 

FILLER (filer), n. 1. One who fills. 2. Ves- 
sel for conveying liquid into a bottle. 3. 
Composition for filling pores of wood, etc. 
4. Tobacco used for the body of a cigar, as 
distinguished from the wrapper. 

FILLET (fll'et), n. 1. Band to tie around the 
hair of the head. 2. Muscle; large piece of 
meat without bones, especially of the loin. 

3. Narrow molding generally rectangular in 
section. [Fr. filet — L. filum, thread.] 

FILLING (fll'ing), n. Material used for occu- 
pying some vacant space, placing between 
layers, as cake, or completing some structure, 
stopping up a hole, or the like; sometimes 
applied to the weft of a web; woof. 

FILLIP (fll'ip), vt. [pr.p. FIL'LIPING; p.t. and 
p.p. FILLIPED (fll'ipt).] Strike with the nail 
of the finger, which is forced from the ball of 
the thumb with a sudden jerk. [From FLIP.] 

FILLIP (fll'ip), n. Jerk of the finger suddenly 
let go from the thumb. 

FILLY (fll'i), n. [pi. FILLIES (fil'iz).] Young 
mare. [Dim. of FOAL.] 

FILM (film), n. 1. Thin skin or membrane. 2. 
Very slender thread. 3. Coating on a plate 
prepared to act as a medium for taking a 
photograph. 4. Flexible membrane, usu- 
ally celluloid, serving as a medium for re- 
ceiving a photographic impression. [A. S. 
fylmen; from fell, skin.] 

FILM (film), v. [pr.p. FILM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FILMED (filmd).] I. vt. Cover with, or as 



II. vi. 



Become covered by a 
Quality or state of 



with, a film, 
film. 

FILMINESS (film'i-nes), n. 
being filmy. 

FILMY (fllm'i), a. Composed of film; resem- 
bling film; gauzy. 

FILOSE (fi'los), a. Ending in a thread-like 
process. [L. filum, thread.] 

FILTER (filter), n. Strainer; piece of woolen 
cloth, paper or other substance, through which 
liquors are passed for separating from them 
all matter mechanically suspended in them. 
[O. Fr. fUtre; from L.L. filtrum, felt.] 

FILTER (filter), v. [pr.p. FILTERING; p.t. and 
p.p. FILTERED (fll'terd).] I. vt. Purify by 
means of a filter. II. vi. Pass through a 
filter; percolate. 

FILTH (filth), n. 1. Foul matter. 2. That 
which defiles, physically or morally. [A. S. 
fyldh. See FOUL.] 

FILTHILY (filth'i-li), adv. In a filthy manner. 

FILTHINESS (fllth'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being filthy. 

FILTHY (fllth'i), a. [comp. FILTH'IER; superl. 
FILTHIEST.] 1. Of the nature of, or con- 
taining, filth. 2. Morally impure or unclean. 

SYN. Dirty; nasty; foul; unclean; 
coarse; low; polluted; defiled. ANT. Pure; 
sweet; clean; immaculate; spotless; un- 
defiled; untarnished; untainted. 

FILTRATE (fil'trat), vt. [pr.p. FIL'TRATING; 
p. t. and p.p. FIL'TRATED.] Filter. 

FILTRATION (fli-tra'shun), n. Act or process of 
filtering. 

FIL-VIT (fil'vet), n. Self-starting aeroplane. 
[Fr.] 

FIMBLE (fim'bl), n. Male plant of hemp, yield- 
ing a weaker and shorter fiber than the fe- 
male plant. [Dut. fimelJ] 

FIMBRIA (flm'bri-a), n. [pi. FIM'BRLE.] 1. 
Fringing filament. 2. Bot. Elastic toothed 
membrane beneath the operculum of mosses. 
[L. fimbria}, fringe.] 

FIMBRIATE (flm'bri-at), FIMBRIATED (flm'- 
bri-a-ted), a. Fringed. 

FIN (fin), n. Organ by which a fish balances it- 
self and swims. [A. S. finn—li. pinna.] 

FINABLE (fi'na-bl), a. Liable to a fine. 

FINAL (fi'nal), a. 1. Respecting the end or 
motive; last. 2. Conclusive; decisive. [L. 
finalis; from finis, end.] 

SYN. Ultimate; terminal; definitive. 
ANT. Initiative; current; inchoate; nas- 
cent. 

FINAL (fi'naDj n. That which is final or last; 
a finale. 

FINALE (fe-na'la), n. End; last passage in a 
piece of music; concluding piece in a concert, 
exhibition, etc. [It.] 

FINALITY (fl-nal'i-ti), n. [pi. FINAL'ITIES.] 
State of being final, or of being settled. 

FINALLY (fi'nal-i), adv. At the end; ultimately; 
lastly. 



~7 



Ifcte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her 
u=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=c/i ia Scotch loch. 



FINANCE 



488 



FINLAND 



FINANCE (fl-nans'), n. 1. System or science of 
public revenue and expenditure. 2. [pi.] 
Revenue; funds in the public treasury, or ac- 
cruing to it; public resources of money. 3. 
Income or resources of individuals. [Fr.; 
from L. L. financia; from fino, pay a fine.] 

FINANCE (fi-nans'), vt. [pr.p. FINAN'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. FINANCED (fl-nanst').] Man- 
age financially; furnish with money. 

FINANCIAL (fi-nan'shal), a. Pertaining to 
finance. 

FINANCIALLY (fi-nan'shal-i), adv. In relation 
to finance or finances. 

FINANCIER (fin-an-ser'), n. 1. One skilled 
in finance. 2. Officer who administers the 
public revenue. 

FINANCIER (fln-an-ser '), v. [pr.p. FINAN- 
CIERING; p.t. and p.p. FINANCIERED (fln- 
an-serd').] I. vt. Act as a financier for; fi- 
nance. II. vi. Engage in or conduct finan- 
cial operations. 

FINCH (finch), n. One of several species of birds, 
many of them excellent singers. [A. S. fine] 




Finches. 

FIND (find), vt. [pr.p. FIND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FOUND (fownd).] 1 Discover or ob- 
tain by accident or seeking. 2. Fall in with; 
come upon. 3. Learn or ascertain by ex- 
perience. 4. Supply or furnish. 5. Law. 
Decide to be; determine; declare. [A. S. 
findan.] 

FIND (find), n. 1. Discovery or finding of 
anything valuable. 2. Something found. 

FINDER (find'er), n. One who or that which 
finds. 

FINDING (find'ing), n. 1. Anything found. 2. 
[pi.] Tools, trimmings, etc., which a shoe- 
maker must furnish. 3. Provision; supply. 
4. Verdict. 

FINE (fin), a. [cotnp. FI'NER; superl. FI'NEST.] 
1. Excellent; beautiful. 2. Not coarse or 
heavy. 3. Subtle; thin; slender. 4. Exquisite; 
adorned with every grace and accomplish- 
ment. 5. Nice; delicate. 6. Overdone. 7. 
Showy; splendid. — The Fine Arts, as paint- 



ing and music, are those in which the love 
of the beautiful and fineness of taste are chiefly 
concerned: opposed to the USEFUL or INDUS- 
TRIAL arts. [Fr. fin; from L. finitus, finished ; 
from finio, finish.] 

FINE (fin), vt. [pr.p. FI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
FINED (find).] Make fine; refine. 

FINE (fin), n. 1. Sum of money imposed as a 
punishment. 2. Conclusion; end. [L. finis, 
final settlement.] 

FINE (fin), vt. [pr.p. FI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
FINED (find).] 1. Impose a pecuniary pen- 
alty upon; mulct. 2. Finish. 

FINEISH (fin'ish), a. Somewhat fine. 

FINELY (fin'li), adv. In a fine manner. 

FINENESS (fin'nes), n. 1. Quality or state of 
being fine. 2. Quantity of pure metal in an 
alloy. 

FINERY (fi'ner-i), n. Fine or showy things. 

FINESSE (fi-nes'), n. Subtlety of contrivance; 
cunning; trickery. [Fr.] 

FINESSE (fl-nes'), vi. [pr.p. FINESS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. FINESSED (fl-nest).] Use artifice. 

FINGER (fing'ger), n. 1. One of the five ex- 
treme parts of the hand; digit. 2. Breadth 
of a finger. 3. Skill in the use of the hand or 
fingers. [A. S., hand or fingers.] 

FINGER (fing'ger), v. [pr.p. FIN'GERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FINGERED (fing'gerd).] I. vt. Han- 
dle or perform with the fingers. II. vi. Use 
the fingers on a musical instrument. 

FINGERLING (fing'ger-ling), n. Name given to 
small newly hatched fish that does not exceed 
a finger's length. 

FINGER-PRINT (fing'ger-print), n. Impres- 
sion made by lines of inked finger or thumb, 
used in some cases as means of identification 
of a person, in other cases used in lieu of 
signature. 

FINIAL (fln'i-al), to. Arch. Bunch of foliage, 
etc., at the end of a gable, spire, etc. 

FINICAL (fln'i-kal), a. Affected; fine or pre- 
cise in trifles; over-nice; foppish. [From 
FINE.] 

FINICALITY (fln-i-kal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being finical. 2. Something finical. 

FINIS (fi'nis), n. End; conclusion. [L.] 

FINISH (finish), v. [pr.p. FIN'ISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. FINISHED (fin'isht).] I. vt. End; 
complete the making of; perfect; give the last 
touches to. II. vi. 1. Terminate; expire. 2. 
Reach the end. [L. finio; from finis, an end.] 

FINISH (finish), n. 1. Act of finishing. 2. 
That which finishes or completes; last touch. 
3. Process or effect of perfecting; polish. 

FINISHER (fin'ish-er), n. 1. One who finishes, 
completes, or perfects. 2. In bookbinding, 
the one who puts the last touches to the book 
in the way of gilding and decoration. 

FINITE (fi'nit), a. Having an end or limit; op- 
posed to INFINITE. [L. finitus, finished.] 

FINLAND (fin'land), n. Grand duchy, country 
N. W. Russia. Area 144,250 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



FINN 



489 



FIRST-RATE 




FlNN (fin), FlNLANDER, (fin'land-er), n. Na- 
tive of Finland, a grand duchy in N. W. Russia. 

FINNY (fln'i), a. Furnished 
with fins. 

FIORD (fyard), n. Long, 
narrow, rock-hound strait 
or inlet. [Norw.] 

FIR (fer), n. One of several 
species of cone-bearing, 
resinous trees, valuable for 
their timber. [A. S. furh.] 

FIRE (fir), n. 1. Heat and 
light caused by burning; 
flame. 2. Anything burn- 
ing, as fuel in a grate, etc. 
3. Conflagration. 4. Torture by burning; 
severe trial. 5. Ardor; vigor. 6. Bright- 
ness of fancy; enthusiasm. 7. Splendor; 
glow. 8. Discharge of firearms. [A. S. fyr.~\ 

FIRE (fir), v. [pr.p. FIRING; p.t. and p.p. 
FIRED (fird).] I. vt. 1. Set on fire. 2. In- 
flame; irritate. 3. Animate. 4. Cause the 
explosion of; discharge. 5. Bake. II. vi. 
1. Take fire. 2. Be or become irritated or 
inflamed. 3. Discharge firearms. 

FIREARM (fir'arm), n. Weapon which is dis- 
charged by an explosive, as gunpowder. 

FIREBRAND (fir'brand), n. 1. Piece of wood 
on fire. 2. One who inflames the passions 
of others. 

FIREBRICK (flr'brik), n. Brick that resists the 
action of fire. 

FIRECLAY (fir'kla), n. Kind of clay used in 
making firebricks. 

FIRECRACKER (fir'krak-er), n. Kind of ex- 
plosive fireworks. 

FIREDAMP (fir'damp), n. Gas (carbureted 
hydrogen) in coal-mines, apt to take fire. 

FIRE-DRILL (fir'dril), n. Disciplinary exer- 
cises by which school children, ships' crews, 
theater and hotel help, etc., are taught how to 
act and protect themselves in case of sudden 
fire. 

FIRE-ENGINE (fir'en-jin), n. Engine force- 
pump used to extinguish fire with water. 

FIRE-ESCAPE (fir'es-kap), n. Contrivance to 
enable people to escape from fires in buildings 
or other confined places. 

FIREFLY (fir'fli), n. Insect which emits a 
bright light. 

FIRE-MAKER (fir'ma-ker), n. Device con- 
sisting of a piston for generating a flame by 
means of compressed air or gas. 

FIREMAN (fir'man), n. [pi. FIREMEN.] 1. Man 
whose business it is to assist in extinguish- 
ing fires. 2. Man who tends the fires; stoker. 

FIREPLACE (fir'plas), n. Place in a house ap- 
propriated for the purpose of maintaining a 
fire; hearth. 

FIREPROOF (fir'prof), a. Proof against fire; 
incombustible. 

FIRESHIP (fir'ship), n. Vessel filled with com- 
bustibles, to set an enemy's vessels on fire. 



FIRESIDE (fir'sid), rc. Side of a fireplace; hearth; 
home. 

FIRE-TEST (fir'test), n. Examination made of 
illuminating and heating substances to ascer- 
tain the degree of temperature necessary to be 
reached in order to produce flame or explosion. 
Same as FLASH-TEST. 

FIREWORKS (firwurks), n.pl. Preparations of 
gunpowder, sulphur, etc., to be fired, chiefly 
for display or amusement. 

FIRKIN (fer'kin), n. 1. Fourth part of a barrel. 

2. Small wooden cask, used for butter, tallow, 
etc. [O. Dut. vierkin.] 

FIRM (ferm), a. 1. Fixed; compact. 2. Not 
easily moved or disturbed. 

SYN. Stable; solid; stanch; compact; 
dense; substantial; resolute; constant; fast; 
secure; strong; established; rooted; im- 
movable; determined; steadfast; unfalter- 
ing. See OBSTINATE. ANT. Unstable; 
infirm; weak; insecure; tottering; vacilla- 
ting; irresolute; ductile; unreliable; waver- 
ing. 

FIRM (ferm), n. Title under which a company 
transacts business; business house. [It. firma, 
signature.] 

FIRMAMENT (fer'ma-ment), n. Region of the 
air; sky; heavens. [L.] 

FIRMAN (fer'man), n. Decree of the Turkish 
government. [Pers.] 

FIRMLY (ferm'li), adv. In a firm manner. 

FIRMNESS (ferm'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being firm. 

FIRST (ferst), a. Foremost; preceding all others 
in place, time, or degree; most eminent. [A. 
S. fyrst.] 

SYN. Leading; foremost; principal; high- 
est; chief; earliest; front; primary; prime- 
val; primordial. ANT. Subsequent; second- 
ary; subordinate; lowest; last; hindmost. 

FIRST (ferst), adv. 1. Before all others in time, 
space, rank, order, etc. 2. Before any other 
consideration; in preference to something 
else; sooner. 

FIRST (ferst), n. 1. The beginning. 2. Music. 
Leading or upper part, voice or instrument. 

3. Baseball. First base. 
FIRST-CLASS (ferst'klas), a. 1. Of the highest 

class, rank, quality, etc.; first-rate. 2. Be- 
longing to the first class. 

FIRST-FLOOR (ferst'flor), n. 1. In England, 
floor above the ground-floor. 2. In United 
Sfrates, ground-floor. 

FIRST-FRUIT (ferst'frot), n. Initial gathering 
of a crop or harvest. 

FIRST-HAND (ferst'hand), a. Obtained with- 
out the intervention of a second party. 

FIRSTLING (ferst'ling), n. First produce or 
offspring, especially of animals. 

FIRSTLY (ferst'li), adv. In the first place. 

FIRST-RATE (ferst'rat), a. Of the first or high- 
est rate or excellence; pre-eminent in quality, 
size, estimation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buru, 
" u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



FIRST-WATER 



490 



FIT 



FIRST- WATER (ferst'wa-ter), n. First or high- 
est quality; purest luster. 

FIRTH (ferth), n. Arm of the sea; frith. 

FISC (flsk), FISCUS (fls'kus), n. State treasury. 

FISCAL (fis'kal), I. a. Pertaining to the pub- 
lic treasury or revenue. — Fiscal year, period at 
the end of which the accounts of a public office 
or business house are balanced. The U. S. 
fiscal year runs from July 1st to June 30th of 
the following year. II. n. 1. Treasurer. 2. 
State attorney. [Fr. fisc — L. fiscus, basket, 
purse.] 

FISH (fish), n. [pi. FISH or FISHES.] 1. Animal 
that lives in water, and breathes through gills. 
2. In general, animal living in water. 3. 
Flesh of fish. [A. S. fisc] 

FISH (fish), v. [pr.p. FISHING; p.t. and p.p. 
FISHED (fisht).] I. vt. 1. Catch or attempt to 
catch fish in. 2. Draw or drag up. 3. Naut. 
Hoist anchor to cathead. II. vi. 1. Be em- 
ployed in catching or endeavoring to catch 
fish, as by angling, netting, etc. 2. Catch or 
try to catch fish, especially by angling. — Fish 
for, seek to obtain by artifice, as to fish for a 
compliment. 

FISH-BLOCK (fish'blok), n. Naut. Block used 
to fish an anchor. 

FISHER (fish'er), n. 1. One who fishes, or 
whose occupation is to catch fish. 2. A 
species of marten; the pekan. 

FISHER31AN (fisher-man), n. [pi. FISH'ER- 
3VIEN.] One who fishes, or whose occupation 
it is to catch fish. 

FISHERY (fish'e-ri), n. [pi. FISHERIES.] 1. 
Business of catching fish. 2. Place for breed- 
ing or catching 
fish. 

FISH-HAWK (flsh'- 
hak), n. Osprey. 

FISH-HOOK (fish'- 
hQk), n. Barbed 
hook for catch- 
ing fish. 

FISHINESS 
nes), n. 

or state of being 
fishy. 

FISHING (flsh'ing), 
I. a. Used in fish- 
ery. II- n. Art or ,; 
practice of catch- :f== 
ing fish. 

FISHING-FRO G 
(flsh'ing-frog), n. 
Large-headed ra- 
pacious spinous-flnned sea-fish, called also 
the angler. 

FISH-JOINT (flsh'joint), n. In railroads, a de- 
vice for connecting rails by means of plates 
of iron or steel bolted to the inner sides of the 
adjoining rails. 

FISH-MONGER (fish'mung-ger), n. Dealer in 
fish. 



(fish'i- 
Quality 




Fish-hawk. 



FISH-NEST (flsh'nest), n. Secluded spot or re- 
ceptacle where fishes deposit their spawn and 
raise their young. See HATCHERY. 




Nest of Mudfish. 

FISH-PLATE (fish'plat), n. One of the plates 
used for a fish-joint. 

FISH-ROE (fish'ro), n. Spawn or eggs of fish. 

FISH-WIFE (flsh'wif), n. [pi. FISH'WIVES.] 
Woman who sells fish about the streets. 

FISHY (flsh'i), a. 1. Consisting of fish; like a 
fish; abounding in fish. 2. Extravagant; 
suspicious; foul. 

FISSILE (fis'il), a. That may be split In the di- 
rection of the grain. [L. findo, cleave.] 

FISSION (fish'un), n. Act of cleaving, splitting 
or breaking up into parts. [L. fissio.] 

FISSURE (flsh'or), n. Narrow opening; cleft. 
TFr. — L. fissura.] 

FIST (fist), n. 1. Closed or clenched hand. 2. 
Print. Mark Hi^" used to direct special atten- 
tion. See INDEX. [A. S. fyst.] 

FISTIC (fist'ik), a. Pugilistic. 

FISTICUFF (fist'i-kuf), n. 1. Blow with the 
fist; boxing blow. 2. Fist-fight. 

FIST-LAW (fist'la), n. Law of brute force. 

FISTULA (fls'tu-la), n. 1. Narrow passage or 
duct. 2. Pathol. Deep, narrow, chronic 
ulcer. [L. fistula, reed.] 

FISTULAR (fis'tu-lar), a. Of, pertaining to, or 
of the nature of, a fistula. 

FISTULOUS (fis'tu-lus), a. Of the form of a 
fistula. 

FIT (fit), a. [comp. FIT'TER; superl. FIT'TEST.] 
Adapted to an end or standard; qualified. 
[Ice. fitja, knit together.] 

SYN. Appropriate; proper; becoming; 
meet; seemly; decorous; decent; congruous; 
correspondent; expedient; convenient; ap- 
posite; adapted. ANT. Inappropriate; un- 
suitable; improper; unfit. 

FIT (fit), n. Nice adjustment or adaptation, as 
of a dress to a body. 

FIT (fit), v. [pr.p. FIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. FIT'« 
TED.] I. vt. 1. Suit, as one thing to another. 



f<ite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



FIT 



491 



FLAGELLANT 



2. Be adapted to. 3. Qualify. II. vi. Be 
suitable. 

FIT (fit), n. 1. Sudden attack by convulsions, as 
apoplexy, epilepsy, etc.; convulsion; parox- 
ysm. 2. Temporary attack as laughter, etc. ; 
sudden effort or motion; passing humor. 3. 
Eccentric mood or disposition. [A. S. fitt, 
footstep, verse, bout.] 

FITCH (flch), n. Fitchew or its fur. [O. Dut. 
vitsche.] 

FITCHET (flch'et), n. Same as FITCHEW. 

FITCHEW (flch'o), n. European polecat. [See 
FITCH.] 

FITFUL (flt'fol), a. Marked by sudden impulse; 
spasmodic. 

FITFULLY (fit'fol-i), adv. In a fitful manner. 

FITFULNESS (flt'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being fitful. 

FITLY (flt'li), adv. In a fit or proper manner. 

FITNESS (flt'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
fit. 

FITTER (flt'er), n. One who, or that which, 
makes a fit. 

FITTING (fifing), I. a. Fit; appropriate. II. 
n. Anything used In fitting up; especially in 
plural. 

FITTINGLY (fit'ing-li), adv. In a fitting manner. 

FIVE (fiv), a. and n. Four and one. [A. S. /*/.] 

FIVEFOLD (fiv'fold), a. Five times folded or 
repeated; in fives. 

FIVES (fivz), n. pi. Game of hand-tennis, so- 
called because the ball is struck with the five 
fingers. 

FIX (flks), v. [pr.p. FIX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FIXED (fikst).] I. vt. 1. Make stable, firm, 
fast or solid; set or place permanently; 
establish firmly or immovably. 2. Fasten; 
attach firmly. 3. Direct steadily, as the eye, 
the mind, the attention, etc. 4. Put in order. 
5. Repair; mend. 6. Determine; settle. 7. 
Establish as a fact. 8. Bribe. (Colloq.) II. 
vi. 1. Rest; settle or remain permanently. 2. 
Become firm, so as to resist volatilization; 
congeal. [Fr. fixer; from L. figo, fasten.] 

FIX (flks), n. Awkward predicament or dilem- 
ma. (Colloq.) 

FIXATION (flks-a'shun), n. 1. Act of fixing or 
state of being fixed. 2. Steadiness; firmness. 

3. State in which a body does not evapor- 
ate. 

FIXATIVE (fiks'a-tiv), I. n . Photog. and Art. 
That which renders permanent or stable, 
especially a sort of varnish to prevent crayon 
from rubbing. II. a. Possessing qualities to 

imake permanent or lasting. 
FIXED (fikst), a. Established; stable. 
FIXEDLY (flks'ed-li), adv. Firmly; in a settled 
manner; steadfastly. [Fr. fixer — L. figo, fast- 
en.] 
FIXEDNESS (flks'ed-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being fixed. 
FIXING (fiks'ing), n. 1. Act or process of 
making fixed. 2. Fixture. 3. [pi.] Things 



needed for putting in order; outfit; furnish- 
ings. 

FIXITY (fiks'i-ti), n. Fixedness. 

FIXTURE (flks'tur), n. 1. Fixed article of fur- 
niture. 2. A fixed or appointed time or 
event. 3. Law. Anything of an accessory 
nature annexed to house or land, so as to 
become part of the realty. 4. [pi.] Fixed or 
permanent accessories necessary to carry on 
an enterprise or business. 

FIZZ (flz), vi. [pr.p. FIZ'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
FIZZED (fizd).] Make a hissing noise; fizzle. 
[From the sound.] 

FIZZ (flz), n. 1. Any effervescent drink; as 
soda-water. 2. Hissing noise. 

FIZZLE (fiz'l) vi. [pr.p. FIZ'ZLING; p.t. and 
p.p. FIZZLED (flz'ld).] 1. Hiss; splutter. 
2. Fail ridiculously. [Dim. of FIZZ.] 

FIZZLE (fiz'l), n. 1. State of agitation or worry. 
2. Abortive effect. 3. Fizz. 

FJORD, n. See FIORD. 

FLABBERGAST (flab'er-gast), vt.[pr.p. FLAB'- 
BERGASTING; p.t. and p.p. FLAB'BER- 
GASTED.] Confound; bewilder. 

FLABBINESS (flab'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being flabby. 

FLABBY (flab'i), a. Easily moved; soft and 
yielding; hanging loose. [From FLAP.] 

FLABELLATE (fla-bel'at), a. Bot. Fan or 
wedge-shaped. 

FLABELLUM (fla-bel'um), n. 1. Fan. 2. Fan- 
like appendage. [L.] 

FLACCID (flak'sid), a. Flabby; easily yielding 
to pressure; soft and weak. [L. flaccidus; 
from flaccus, flabby.] 

FLACCIDITY (flak-sid'i-ti), n. Laxness; want 
of firmness. 

FLAG (flag), vi. [pr.p. FLAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLAGGED (flagd).] Grow languid; droop. 
[Ice. flakka, flap, flutter.] 

FLAG (flag), n. Water-plant, also known as 
calamus or sweet flag {Acorus calamus), the 
root of which is esteemed as a remedy for 
dyspepsia. [So called from its waving in the 
wind.] 

FLAG (flag), n. Cloth, 
many-colored or bear- 
ing devices, usually 
mounted on a staff and 
serving to show nation- 
ality, party, etc., or 
for signaling; ensign; 
banner; the colors; 
standard. [Etym. ob- 
scure; probably from Ice. flakka, flutter.] 

FLAG (flag), vt. [pr.p. FLAG'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLAGGED (flagd).] 1. Give a signal to 
with a flag. 2. Adorn with flags. 

FLAG (flag), n. Large flat stone used for paving; 
flagstone. [Icel. flaga, slab.] 

FLAGELLANT (flaj'el-ant), I. n. One who 
scourges himself in religious discipline. II. 
o. Given to whipping. 




American Flag. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, .move, , wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



FLAGELLATE 



492 



FLASH 



1. Small wind in- 
Organ-stop. 

Quality or state 

Flagstones eollec- 



FLAGELLATE (flaj'el-at), vt. [pr.p. FLAGEL- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. FLAGELLATED.] 

Whip or scourge. [L. flagello, scourge.] 
FLAGELLATE (flaj'el-at), a. Bot. Provided 

with whip-like runners. 
FLAGELLATION (flaj-el-la'shun), n. Act of 

flagellating or whipping; use of the whip or 

scourge. 
FLAGEOLET (flaj'o-let), n. 

strument like a flute. 2. 
FLAGGINESS (flag'i-nes), n. 

of being flaggy. 
FLAGGING (flag'ing), n. 1. 

tively. 2. Pavement of flagstones. 
FLAGGY (flag'i), a. Limp; flabby. 
FLAGGY (flag'i), a. Abounding in flags. 
FLAGITIOUS (fla-jish'us), a. Grossly wicked. 

[L. flagitiosus.] 

SYN. Villainous; heinous; atrocious. 

ANT. Noble; honorable; meritorious. 
FLAGMAN (flag 'man), n. [pi. FLAG 'MEN.] n. 

One who flags trains or vessels. 
FLAGON (flag'un), n. Long-necked decanter 

with handle. [Fr. — root of FLASK.] 
FLAGRANCY (fla gran-si), n. Heinousness; 

atrocity. [L. flagrantia; from flagrans, pr.p. 

of flagro, burn.] 
FLAG-RANK (flag'rangk), n. Naut. Officers in 

the navy above captain entitled to fly their 

own particular designating flag on the ship 

or fleet under their command. 
FLAGRANT (fla'grant), a. 1. Glaring. 2. 

Enormous. 3. Actually in execution. [Fr. ; 

from L. flagrans. See FLAGRANCY.] 
SYN. Atrocious; notorious; heinous; 

flagitious. ANT. Admirable; excellent; 

worthy. 
FLAGRANTLY (fla'grant-li), adv. In a flagrant 

manner. 
FLAGSHIP (flag'ship), n. Ship in which an 

admiral sails, and flying his flag. 
FLAGSTAFF (flag'staf), n. Staff or pole on 

which a flag is displayed. 
FLAGSTONE (flag'ston), n. 1. Flat stone used 

for paving; also called flag. 2. Any rock so 

laminated as to split into large, thin layers. 
FLAIL (flal), n. Instrument for threshing. 

[L. flagcllum, whip.] 
FLAKE (flak) n. Loose, filmy or scale-like 

mass; small flat particle. [Norw. flak, slice.] 
FLAKE (flak), v. [pr.p. FLAKING; p.t. and 

p.p. FLAKED (flakt).] I. vt. Form into 

flakes. II. vi. Separate into flakes; peel or 

scale off. 
FLAKINESS (fla'ki-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being flaky. 
FLAKY (fla'ki), a. 1. Lying in flakes; flake- 
like. 2. Consisting of flakes; hanging loosely 

together. 
FLAMBEAU (flam'bo), n. [pi. FLAMBEAUX 

(flam'bo).] Flaming torch. [Fr.] 
FLAMBOYANT (flam-boi'ant), a. 1. Flaming; 

wavy. 2. Arch. With waving or flame-like 




Sid * Flamingo (Phce- 

: * nicopterus ruber). 



tracery. 3. Extravagantly pretentious ; showy; 

bombastic. [Fr.] 
FLAME (flam), n. 1. Gleam or blaze of a fire. 

2. Rage; ardor »f temper. 3. Vigor of 

thought. 4. Warmth of affection; love. 
FLAME (flam), vi. [pr.p. FLA 'MING; p.t. and 

p.p. FLAMED (flamd).] 1. Burn as flame. 2. 

Break out in passion. [Fr. 

flamme.] 
FLAMINGO (fla-ming'go), n. 

Bird of a red color, with 

very long neck and legs, 

webbed feet and a beak 

bent as if broken. [Pg. fla- 
menco, flaming red.] 

Flanders (flan'derz), n. 

East and West provinces, 
Belgium. 

FLANGE (flanj), n. A raised 
edge or rib, as on the rim of 
a car-wheel. [From FLANK.] 

FLANK (flangk), n. 1. 

of an animal from the ribs 

to the thigh. 2. Side of anything, especially 

of an army or fleet. 

FLANK (flangk), v. [pr.p. FLANKING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLANKED (flangkt).] I. vt. 1. Stand 
at the side of; attack, or pass round, the side 
of. 2. Guard the side of. II. vi. Be posted 
on the side; border. [O. H. Ger. Mane, loin.] 

FLANNEL (flan 'el), n. Soft woolen cloth of 
loose texture. [Orig. flannen — Wei. gwlanen, 
wool.] 

FLANNELETTE, FLANNELET (flan-el-ef), n. 
Cotton cloth in imitation of wool and having 
fleece-like texture on one side. 

FLAP (flap), n. 1. Anything broad and flexi- 
ble that hangs loose or is attached by one end 
or side and easily moved. 2. Motion or sound 
of anything broad and loose, or a stroke with 
it. [Prob. from Ice. flakka, flutter.] 

FLAP (flap), v. [pr.p. FLAPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLAPPED (flapt).] I. vt. 1. Beat or move with 
a flap. 2. Move rapidly backward and for- 
ward, as a bird flaps its wings. II. vi. 1. 
Move the wings rapidly backward and for- 
ward. 2. Move loosely backward and for- 
ward in the air. 3. Fall or droop like a flap. 

FLAPJACK (flap'jak), n. Kind of broad, flat 
pancake. 

FLAPPER (flap'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
flaps. 2. [pi.] Exceptionally long shoes worn 
by professional clog dancers. 

FLARE (flar), I. vi. [pr.p. FLAR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLARED (flard).] Burn with a glaring, 
unsteady light; glitter; flash. [Norw. flara, 
blaze.] 

FLARE (flar), n. 1. Glaring, unsteady light. 
2. Ostentation. 3. Extension or widening 
outward or upward. 

FLASH (flash), v. [pr.p. FLASH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLASHED (flasht).] I. vt. 1. Cause to 
blaze or flame out suddenly. 2. Convey or 



fate, fat ; task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ba=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



■■■ 



FLASH 



493 



FLAX 




Flashing apparatus for 
light-house. 



transmit instantaneously. II. vi. 1. Burst out 
suddenly into brilliancy; flame up. 2. Glitter 
or flutter with a dazzling brilliancy. 3. Open 
or spread outward. [Sw. flasa, burn.] 
FLASH (flash), I. n. 1. Momentary gleam of 
light. 2. Sudden burst, as of merriment. 3. 
Short, transient state. 4. Rogue's slang. II. 
a. 1. Vulgarly showy; gaudy. 2. Counter- 
feit; spurious. 
FLASHILY (flash'i-li), adv. In a flashy manner. 
FLASHINESS (flash'i-nes), w. Quality or state 

of being flashy. 
FLASH-LIGHT (flash 'lit), 
n. 1. Light of mo- 
mentary brilliancy. 2. 
Special order of light 
shown from light- 
houses towards the sea 
flashing at certain in- 
tervals and controlled 
by a flashing apparatus 
or mechanism. 3. De- 
vice for furnishing arti- 
ficial light necessary to 
photograph where nat- 
ural light is unobtain- 
able. 
FLASH-TEST (flash'test), 
n. Test to show flash- 
ing or explosive degree of illuminating oils. 
FLASHY (flash'i), a. 1. Dazzling for a moment. 

2. Showy; gaudy; tawdry. 
FLASK (flask), n. 1. Narrow-necked bottle of 
glass or metal. 2. Box used in foundries to 
contain the sand employed in molding. [A. 
S. flasc] 
FLAT (flat), I. a. 1. Having an even and hori- 
zontal surface; level. 2. Prostrate. 3. In 
the fine arts, wanting relief or prominence of 
the figures. 4. Tasteless; stale; vapid; in- 
sipid; dead. 5. Dull; unani mated; without 
point or spirit. 6. Peremptory; absolute; 
positive; downright. 7. Music. Below the 
natural or the true pitch. 8. Not sharp or 
shrill; not acute. II. n. 1. Surface without 
relief or prominences; level or extended plain; 
low tract of land. 2. Music. Mark of de- 
pression in sound. 3. Floor of a house, 
forming a residence by itself. 4. House with 
several floors thus fitted up. [Ice. flatr.] 
FLAT (flat), adv. Flatly; pronely. 
FLAT (flat), v. [pr.p. FLAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLAT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make flat or level. 2. • 
Lower or depress. 3. Music. Reduce be- 
low the true pitch. II. vi. 1. Become stupid 
or vapid. 2. Music. Fall below the true pitch. 
FLAT-FOOT (flat'fQt), n. Human foot devoid of 
Instep and arch, the entire surface of the sole 
of the foot resting on the ground. 
FLAT-IRON (flat'i-urn), n. Iron with handle 

and polished face for smoothing clothes. 
FLATTEN (flat'n), v. [pr.p. FLAT'TENING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLATTENED (flat'nd).] I. vt. 1. 



Make flat; reduce to an equal or even surface; 
level; lay flat. 2. Bring to the ground; pros- 
trate. 3. Make vapid or insipid; render stale. 
4. Depress; deject; dispirit. 5. Music. Low- 
er in pitch; render less acute or sharp. II. vi. 
1. Grow or become even on the surface. 2. 
Become dead, stale, vapid, tasteless. 3. Be- 
come dull or spiritless. 4. Music. Depress 
the voice; render a sound less sharp; drop 
below the true pitch. 5. Bot. Convert into a 
fasciate stem. 

FLATTER (flat'er), vt. [pr.p. FLAT'TERING; 
p.t. and. p.p. FLATTERED (flat'erd).] Soothe 
with praise and servile attentions; please with 
false hopes. [Fr. flatter.] 

FLATTERER (flat'er-er), n. One who flatters. 

FLATTERY (flat'er-i), n. [pi. FLAT'TERIES.] 
False or venal praise. 

FLATULENCE(flat'u-Iens),FLATULENCY(flat'- 
u-len-si), n. 1. Distention of the stomach or 
bowels by gases formed during digestion. 2. 
State of being puffed up with conceit; vanity. 
[Fr.; from L. flatus, a blowing.] 

FLATULENT (flat'u-lent), a. 1. Affected with 
flatulence. 2. Tending to produce flatulence, 
or wind in the stomach and bowels. 3. Pre- 
tentious; vain. 

FLATUS (fla'tus), n. 1. Puff of wind. 2. 
Flatulency; inflation. [L., a blowing.] 

FLAUNT (flant), v. [pr.p. FLAUNTING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLAUNT'ED.] I. vt. Display osten- 
tatiously, impudently, or offensively. II. vi. 

1. Make an ostentatious display of any kind. 

2. Move or act ostentatiously. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

FLAUNT (flant), n. Act of flaunting; vaunt; 
boast. 

FLAVESCENT (fla-ves'sent), a. Bot. Turning 
to a yellow color. 

FLAVIN (flav'in), n. Yellow dye obtained from 
saffron and sulphuric acid. 

FLAVOR (fla'vur), n. 1. Quality which affects 
the smell or the palate. 2. Act of imparting 
an esthetic sensation to the mental taste. 
[O. Fr. flaure — L. fragro, smell.] 

FLAVOR (fla'vur), vt. [pr.p. FLA'VORING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLAVORED (fla'vurd).] Impart 
flavor to. 

FLAVORING (fla'vur-ing), n. Any substance 
used to give a flavor, as an essence or extract. 

FLAVOROUS (fla'vur-us), a. Pleasing to the 
taste or palate; savory. 

FLAW (fla), n. Break; crack; defect. 

FLAW (fla), vt. [pr.p. FLAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLAWED (flad).] Crack; break; render de- 
fective. 

SYN. Breach ; fissure. See FAULT. 

FLAWLESS (fla'les), a. Without blemish. 

FLAWY (fla'i), #. Full of flaws; imperfect; de- 
fective. 

FLAX (flaks), n. 1. Plant yielding thread for 
linen, etc. 2. Fibrous part of the bark of the 
plant. [A. S. fleax.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



FLAXEN 



494 



FLEXIBLES 




Flea (Pulex irritans). 

[Greatly magnified.] 



1. Act of bending or 

2. Inflection. [See 



FLAXEN (flaks'n), o. 1. Made of or resem- 
bling flax. 2. Fair, long, and flowing. 

FLAXSEED (flaks'sed), n. Seed of flax; linseed. 

FLAXY (flaks'i), a. Like flax; flaxen; fair. 

FLAT (fla), vt. [pr.p. FLAYING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLAYED (flad).] 1. Strip off the skin of. 
2. Criticise sharply. [A. S. fledn.] 

FLEA (fle), n. Wingless 
insect of the genus 
Pulex, whose bite is 
troublesome. [A. S. fled 
— fledn, fly, flee.] 

FLEA3I (flem), n. In- 
strument for lancing 
or bleeding. [O. Fr. 
flietne — Gr. phlebotomon, vein-cutter.] 

FLECK (flek), n. Spot or speckle; little bit; dap- 
ple; dot; streak; stain. [Ice. flekkr.] 

FLECK (flek), vt. [pr.p. FLECK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLECKED (flekt).] Variegate with spots 
or flecks; spot; streak. 

FLECTION (flek'shun), n. 
state of being bent. 
FLEXION.] 

FLED (fled), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of FLEE. 

FLEDGE (flej), vt. [pr.p. FLEDG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLEDGED (flejd).] Furnish with feathers 
or wings. [A. S. — root of FLY.] 

FLEDGLING (flej'ling), n. Young bird just 
fledged. 

FLEE (fle), v. [pr.p. FLEEING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLED (fled).] I. vt. Run from. II. vi. Run 
away, as from danger. [A. S. fledn.'] 

FLEECE (fles), n. 1. Coat of wool shorn from 
a sheep at one time. 2. Loose and thin sheet 
of cotton or wool coming from the breaking- 
card in the process of manufacture. [A. S. 
fleos.] 

FLEECE (fles), vt. [pr.p. FLEE'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLEECED (flest).] 1. Clip wool from. 2. 
Plunder. 3. Cover as with wool. 

FLEECED (flest), a. 1. Having a fleece. 2. 
Plundered. 

FLEECER (fle'ser), n. One who strips or plun- 
ders. 

FLEECY (fle'si), o. 1. Covered with wool; wool- 
ly. 2. Having the appearance of, or resem- 
bling, fleece, as fleecy clouds. 

FLEER (fler), v. [pr.p. FLEER'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLEERED (flerd).] I. vt. Mock or gibe 
at; sneer at. II. vi. Make wry faces in con- 
tempt; mock; jeer. [Norw. flire, titter.] 

FLEERING (fleVing), a. Mocking or sneering. 

FLEERINGLY (fler'ing-li), adv. In a fleering 
manner. 

FLEET (flet), n. Number of ships in company, 
especially ships of war; division of the navy, 
commanded by an admiral. [A. S. fleot, flota, 
ship.] 

FLEET (flet), v. [pr.p. FLEET'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLEET'ED.] I. vt. 1. Move quickly over; 
2. Cause to pass away quickly and pleasantly. 



In a fleeting 
Quality of being 




Fleming Woman. 

Mankind; hu- 
7. Edible part 



II. vi. 1. Pass or move quickly. 2. Slip, 
as a rope or chain, down the barrel of a cap- 
stan or windlass. [A. S. fleotan, float.] 

FLEET (flet), a. Moving or capable of moving 
at a rapid pace; swift; nimble; speedy. 

FLEETING (flet'ing), a. Passing quickly; 
transient; transitory. 

FLEETINGLY (flet'ing-li), adv 
manner. 

FLEETNESS (flet'nes), n. 
fleet. 

Fleming (flem'ing), n. 

Native of Flanders. 

Flemish (flem'isn), i. a. 

Pertaining to Flanders. 
II. n. 1. Language of 
the Flemings. 2. [pi.] 
People of Flanders. 

FLESH (flesh), n. 1. Soft 
substance which covers 
the bones of animals. 2. 
Animal food; meat. 3. 
Body, not the soul; ani- 
mal nature; bodily ap- 
petites. 4. Present life. 5. 
man race. 6. Race; kindred, 
of a fruit. [A. S. flcesc] 

FLESH (flesh), vt. [pr.p. FLESH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLESHED (flesht).] 1. Train to an ap- 
petite for flesh, as dogs for hunting. 2. Use 
upon flesh, as a sword, especially for the first 
time. 3. Accustom; glut. 

FLESH-COLOR (flesh'kul-er), n. Light pink or 
carnation. 

FLESHED (flesht), a. Having flesh; fat. 

FLESHLINESS (flesh'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being fleshy. 

FLESHINGS (flesh'ingz), n.pl. Thin flesh-col- 
ored costume, worn by dancers, actors, etc.; 
tights. 

FLESHLESS (flesh'les), a. Without flesh; lean. 

FLESHLINESS (flesh 'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being fleshly. 

FLESHLY (flesh'li), a. 1. Corporeal. 2. Car- 
nal. 

FLESHY (flesh'i), o. 1. Corporally stout. 2. 
Bot. Succulent. 

FLEUR-DE-LIS (flor-de- 
le'), n. [pi. FLEURS- 
DE-LIS.] 1. Flower of 
the iris, or flower-de- 
luce. 2. Conventional 
design derived from the 
lily. [Fr.] 

FLEW (flo), v. Past tense 
Of FLY. 

FLEXIBILITY (fleks-i-bil'- 
i-ti),n. Pliancy; easiness 
to be persuaded. 

FLEXIBLE (fleks'i-bl), FLEXILE (fleks'il), a. 
Easily bent; pliant; docile. [L. flexibilis — 
flecto, bend.] 

FLEXIBLES (fleks'i-blz), n.pl, Elec. Semi-re- 




I 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gud«; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



■■ 



FLEXION 



495 



FLITTERS 



sisting copper or rubber brushes of an electric 
dynamo. 

FLEXION (flek'shun), n. 1. Bend or fold. 2. 
Action of a flexor muscle. [L. flexio, a bend- 
ing.] 

FLEXOR (fleks'flr), n. Anat. Muscle that 
bends a joint, as opposed to EXTENSOR. [L. 
flexus, p.p. of flecto, bend.] 

FLEXUOUS (fleks'u-us), FLEXUOSE (fleks'u- 
6s), a. Full of windings and turnings; vari- 
able. 

FLEXURE (flek'shor), n. 1. Bend or turning. 
2. Math. Curving of a line or surface. 3. 
Bending of loaded beams. [L. flexura; from 
flexus; see FLEXOR.] 

FLICK (flik), vt. [pr.p. FLICK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLICKED (flikt).] Strike lightly; flip. 

FLICKER (flik'er), vi. [pr.p. FLICKERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FLICKERED (flik'erd).] 1. Flut- 
ter and move the wings, as a bird. 2. Burn 
unsteadily, as a flame. [A. S. flicerian.] 

FLICKER (flik'er), n. 1. Act of flickering. 
2. Flickering movement. 3. Golden-winged 
woodpecker (Colaptes auratus). 

FLIER, FLYER (fli'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which flies or flees. 2. Fly-wheel. 3. Race- 
horse. 4. Fast express train. 

FLIER, FLYER (fli'er), n. Haphazard venture 
in speculation or other business. (Colloq.) 

FLIES (fliz), n. Plural of FLY. 

FLIGHT (flit), n. 1. Passing through the air; 
soaring; excursion; sally. 2. Act of fleeing; 
hasty removal. 3. Series of steps. 4. Flock 
of birds flying together. 5. Birds produced 
in the same season. 6. Volley or shower. 
[A. S. flyht; from fleogan, fly.] 

FLIGHTILY (flit'i-li), adv. In a flighty manner. 

FLIGHTINESS (fliti-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being flighty. 

FLIGHTY (flit'i), a. 1. Capricious; volatile; 
giddy. 2. Slightly delirious. 

FLIMFLAM (Aim 'flam), n. Trick; substitution 
of one thing for another. 

FLIMSILY (flim'zi-li), adv. In a flimsy manner. 

FLIMSINESS (flim'zi-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being flimsy. 

FLIMSY (flim'zi), I. a. [cotnp. FLIM'SIER; su- 
perl. FLIM'SIEST.] Thin; without solidity, 
strength or reason; weak. II. n. Copy of 
any writing manifolded with carbon sheet on 
tissue or flimsy paper. [Wei. llymsi, naked.] 
I FLINCH (flinch), vi. [pr.p. FLINCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLINCHED (flincht).] Shrink back; 
( wince. [Fr. flechir — L. flecto, bend.] 

FLINDER (flin'der), n. Splinter; fragment. 
[Norw. flindra.] 

FLING (fling), v. [pr.p. FLING'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLUNG.] I. vt. 1. Cast; send, or throw 
from the hand; hurl. 2. Send forth or emit 
with violence. 3. Scatter. 4. Prostrate; 
baffle; defeat. II. vi. 1. Flounce; fly into 
violent and irregular motions; throw out the 
legs violently. 2. Utter harsh or abusive 



language; sneer. 3. Rush away angrily. 
[Ice. flengja.] 

FLING (fling), n. 1. A cast or throw from the 
hand. 2. Gibe; sneer; sarcasm; severe or 
contemptuous remark. 3. Entire freedom 
of action; wild dash into pleasures. 4. Kind 
of dance in which there is much exertion of 
the limbs. 

FLINT (flint), n. 1. Hard mineral, a variety of 
quartz, from which Are is readily struck with 
steel. 2. Anything proverbially hard. [A. S.] 

FLINTINESS (flint'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being flinty. 

FLINTLOCK (flint'lok), n. 1. Hammer of lock 
of gun to which a piece of flint is attached to 
produce explosion. 2. Old-style gun having 
such a lock. 

FLINTY (flint'i), a. [comp. FLINT'IER; superl. 
FLINT'IEST.] 1. Consisting of or like flint; 
hard. 2. Hard-hearted; cruel. 

FLIP (flip), v. [pr.p. FLIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLIPPED (flipt).] I. vt. 1. Fillip or snap with 
the fingers. 2. Toss carelessly. 3. Climb 
or jump onto while moving, as to flip a car. 
II. vi. Flap. [From FLAP.] 

FLIP (flip), n. Sudden fling or toss; fillip. 

FLIP (flip), n. 1. Hot drink of beer or cider, 
spiced and sweetened. 2. Cold drink of 
wine spiced, etc. 

FLIP (flip), a. Impudent; presumptuous. (Col- 
loq.) 

FLIPFLAP (flip'flap), n. Noise of the repeated 
stroke of something broad and loose; flapping 
noise. [Reduplicated form of FLAP.] 

FLIPPANCY (flip'an-si), n. Pert fluency of 
speech; pertness; flippantness. 

FLIPPANT (flip'ant), a. 1. Having a voluble 
tongue; talkative. 2. Speaking fluently and 
confidently, but without knowledge or con- 
sideration; heedlessly pert. 3. Shallow. [Ice. 
fleipa, prattle.] 

FLIPPANTLY (flip'ant-li), adv. In a flippant 
manner. 

FLIPPANTNESS (flip'ant-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being flippant; flippancy. 

FLIPPER (flip'er), n. Paddle of a turtle; broad 
fin of a fish; arm of a seal. [From FLAPPER.] 

FLIRT (flert) , v. [pr.p. FLIRT'ING ; p.t. and p.p. 
FLIRT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Fling; toss. 2. Wave; 
jerk. II. vi. 1. Flit. 2. Act with levity. 3. 
Make love as a pastime; ogle; coquet. [A. 
S. fleardian, trifle.] 

FLIRT (flert), n. 1. Person who flirts or coquets. 
2. Sudden toss or fling. 

FLIRTATION (fler-ta'shun), n. Love-making 
pastime. 

FLIT (flit), vi. [pr.p. FLIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLIT'TED.] Remove quickly from place to 
place; fly. [Akin to FLEET.] 

FLITCH (flich), n. Side of a hog salted and 
cured. [A. S. flicce.] 

FLITTERS (flit'erz), n.pl. Fragments; tatters. 
(Colloq.) 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






FLOAT 



496 



FLOTAGE 



FLOAT (flot), v. [pr.p. FLOAT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLOATED.] I. vi. 1. Rest on the sur- 
face of a fluid; swim; be buoyed up. 2. 
Glide without effort or impulse on the surface 
of a fluid; move as if supported by a fluid; 
move gently and easily through the air. II. 
vt. 1. Cause to rest or be conveyed on the 
surface of a fluid. 2. Flood; irrigate. 3. 
Bring prominently before public notice; raise 
funds, as by the sale of shares, for carrying on 
an undertaking. [A. S. flotian, float.] 
FLOAT (flot), n. That which floats, as a raft, 
cork, hollow ball, etc. I A. S. flota, ship; from 
flot ian, float.] 
FLOATAGE (flot'aj), n. Same as FLOTAGE. 
FLOATER (flot'er),n. 1. One who or that Which 
floats. 2. Indifferent or purchasable voter. 
(Colloq.) 3. Body of drowned person found 
floating in the water. (Colloq.) 
FLOATING (flot'ing), a. 1. Borne on the surface 
of a liquid. 2. Not fixed. 3. Circulating. 
4. Finance. Not funded. 
FLOCCULENCE (flok'u-lens), n. State of being 

flocculent. 
FLOCCULENT (flok'u-lent), a. Adhering In 

locks or flakes. [See FLOCK, lock of wool.] 
FLOCK (flok), n. 1. Company of animals, as 
sheep, game, birds, etc. 2. Company. 3. 
Christian congregation. [A. S. flocc] 
FLOCK (flok), vi. [pr.p. FLOCKING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLOCKED (flokt).] Gather in flocks or 
in crowds. 
FLOCK (flok), n. Lock of wool. [O. Fr. floe — 

L. floccus.] 
FLOCKY (flok'i), a. Full of flocks or locks of 

wool. 
FLOE (flo), n. Field of floating ice. [Prob. 
Norse flo, layer. The usual Danish word is 
flage.] 
FLOG (flog), vt. [pr.p. FLOG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLOGGED (flogd).] Beat; strike; lash; chas- 
tise with blows. [Etym. doubtful; prob. 
from L. flagello, whip.] 
FLOGGING (flog'ing), n. Whipping; lashing. 
FLONG (flang), n. Print. Papier-mache pad 
used to form a matrix for casting stereo- 
type forms. 
FLOOD (flud), n. 1. Great flow of water. 2. 
Inundation; deluge. 3. Rise of the tide. 4. 
Any great quantity. [A. S. fldd.] 
FLOOD (flud), v. [pr.p. FLOOD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLOODED.] I. vt. 1. Overflow; in- 
undate. 2. Oversupply; deluge. II. vi. 
Bleed profusely, as after parturition. 
FLOODGATE (flud'gat), n. Gate for letting 

water flow through. 
FLOODMARK (fludmark), n. Mark or line to 

which the tide rises. 
FLOOR (flor), n. 1. Part of a building or room 
on which to walk. 2. Platform of boards 
or planks laid on timbers, as in a bridge; 
any similar platform. 3. Story in a building. 
4. In legislative assemblies, the part of the 



house assigned to the members. — Have or 
get the floor, have or obtain an opportunity of 
taking part in a debate at a particular time 
to the exclusion of others. [A. S. flor.] 

FLOOR (flor), vt. [pr.p. FLOOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLOORED (flord).] 1. Cover with a floor; 
furnish with a floor. 2. Strike down or lay 
level with the floor; beat; conquer. . 

FLOORING (flor'ing), n. 1. Material for floors. 
2. Platform. 

FLOP (flop), vi. [pr.p. FLOPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLOPPED (flopt).] 1. Flounder and fall 
violently, as a fish out of water. 2. Vio- 
lently throw one's self to the ground or in 
a seat. 3. Suddenly change to opposite 
opinion or party. (Colloq.) 

FLOP (flop), n. Act of flopping. 

FLORA (flora), n. 1. Whole of the plants of a 
particular country. 2. Catalogue of plants. 

FLORA (flo'ra), n. Bom. Myth. Goddess of 
flowers and gardens, and wife of Zephyrus; 
she enjoyed perpetual youth. 

Florence (florens), it. Firenze (fe- 

rent'se), n. City in Italy. 

FLORENTINE (flor'en-ten), I. n. Native or 
inhabitant of Florence. II. o. From Flor- 
ence, or originally made there. 

FLORESCENCE (flo-res'ens), n. 1. Bursting 
into flower. 2. Time when plants flower. 
[L. flos, flower.] 

FLORET (floret), n. 1. Little flower. 2. Sep- 
arate little flower, as part of an aggregate 
flower. 

FLORICULTURE (flo'ri-kul-tur), n. Cultiva- 
tion of flowers. 

FLORID (florid), a. 1. Bright in color; flushed 
with red. 2. Containing flowers of rhetoric; 
richly ornamental. [L. floridus — flos.] 

FLORIDA (flor'i-da), n. One of the U. S. Area 
58,680 sq.m. Capital, Tallahassee. 

FLORIDITY (flo-rid'i-ti), FLORIDNESS (flor'- 
id-nes), n. Freshness or brightness of color. 

FLORIFEROUS (flo-rif'er-us), a. Bearing or 
producing flowers. [L. flos, floris, flower, 
and fero, bear.] 

FLORIN (florin), n. Coin of gold or silver, of a 
value varying between forty and fifty cents, in 
different countries of Europe. [Fr. — It. florino.] 

FLORIST (florist), n. Cultivator of and dealer 
in flowers. 

FLOSCULE(flos'kul),n. Bot. Little flower. [L. 
flosculus, little flower.] 

FLOSS (flos), n. Small stream of water. [Eng. 
Akin to Ger. fluss.] 

FLOSS (flos), n. 1. Loose downy or silky sub- 
stance in the husks of certain plants, as the 
bean. 2. Untwisted thread. [It. floscia — L. 
fluxus, loose.] 

FLOSS-SILK (flos'silk), n. Inferior kind of silk 
made from floss, or raveled fragments of fiber. 

FLOSSY (flos'i), a. Pertaining to or like floss; 
downy. 

FLOTAGE (flo'taj), n. 1. Act of floating. 2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



^ 



FLOTATION 



497 



FLUIDITY 




Flounder (Platessa 
flesus). 



That which floats. 3. Capacity to buoy up 
or float. [Fr. flottage.] 

FLOTATION (flo-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of floating. 
2. Science of floating bodies. 3. Act of 
floating a company or commercial enterprise. 

FLOTILLA (flo-til'a), n. Fleet of small ships. 
[Sp., dim. of flota, fleet.] 

FLOTSAM (flot'sam), n. Goods lost by ship- 
wreck, and floating on the sea. [See JETSAM.] 

FLOUNCE (flowns), vi. [pr.p. FLOUNCING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLOUNCED (flownst).] Move the 
body or the limbs abruptly or impatiently; 
plunge and struggle. [O. Sw. flunsa.] 

FLOUNCE (flowns), n. Act of flouncing; im- 
patient movement. 

FLOUNCE (flowns), n. Plaited strip or border 
sewed to the skirt of a dress. [Earlier form 
FROUNCE; from O. Fr. fronce — froncer, wrin- 
kle.] 

FLOUNCING (flown'sing), n. 1. Material for 
flounces. 2. Flounces collectively. 

FLOUNDER (flown'der), vi. [pr.p. FLOUN'- 
DERING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLOUNDERED 
(flown'derd).] Strug- 
gle with violent mo- 
tion. [Dut. flodderen.] 

FLOUNDER (flown'- 
der), n. Small flat 
fish, generally found 
in the sea near the mouths of rivers. [Ger. 
flunder.] 

FLOUR (flowr), n. 1. Finely ground meal of 
grain. 2. Fine soft powder of any substance. 
[Fr. fleur; from L. flos, floris, flower.] 

FLOUR (flowr), v. [pr.p. FLOUR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLOURED (flowrd).] I. vt. Reduce to 
or sprinkle with flour. II. vi.. Break up into 
fine globules of mercury in the amalgamation 
process. 

FLOURISH (flur'ish) v. [pr.p. FLOURISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. FLOURISHED (flurisht).] I. vi. 
1. Thrive luxuriantly; be prosperous. 2. Use 
copious and flowery language. 3. Make 
ornamental strokes with the pen. II. vt. 1. 
Adorn with flourishes or ornaments. 2. 
Swing about by way of show or triumph. [O. 
Fr. florir; from L. florcsco; from flos, floris, 
flower.] 

FLOURISH (flur'ish), n. 1. Decoration; showy 
splendor. 2. Figure made by a bold stroke 
of the pen. 3. Waving of a weapon or other 
thing. 4. Parade of words. 5. Musical pre- 
lude or call; fanfare. 

FLOURISHING (flur'ish-ing), a. 1. Thriving; 
prosperous. 2. Making a show. 

FLOURY (flowr'i), a. 1. Like flour. 2. Cov- 
ered with flour. 

FLOUT (flowt), v. [pr.p. FLOUT'ING; p.t. and 
>.p. FLOUT'ED.] I. vt. Treat with contempt; 
mock; jeer. II. vi. Behave in a contemp- 
tuous or jeering manner. [From root of 
FLUTE.] 



FLOUT (flowt), n. Word or act of contempt; 
jeer; sneer; insult. 

FLOW (flo), v. [pr.p. FLOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLOWED (flod).] I. vi. 1 Run, as water. 2. 
Rise, as the tide. 3. 3Iove in a stream, as 
air. 4. Glide smoothly. 5. Abound. 6. 
Hang loose and waving. II. vt. Cover with 
water; flood. [A. S. flowan.] 

FLOW (flo), n. 1. Stream; current. 2. Set- 
ting in of the tide from the ocean. 3. Abun- 
dance; copiousness. 

FLOWAGE (flo'aj), n. 1. Act of flowing. 2. 
State of being flooded. 

FLOWER (flow'er), n. 1. Blossom of a 
plant. 2. Best of anything. 3. Prime of 
life. 4. Person or thing most distinguished. 
5. Figure of speech. [O. Fr. flor — L. flos, 
floris, flower.] 

FLOWER (flow'er), v. [pr.p. FLOWERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FLOWERED (flow'erd).] I. vt. 
Adorn with figures of flowers. II. vi. 1. Be 
in flower or blossom. 2. Flourish or thrive. 

FLOWER-DE-LUCE (flow-er-de-lus'), n. Iris; 
fleur-de-lis. 

FLOWERET (flow'er-et), n. Little flower; 
floret. 

FLOWER-HEAD (flow'er-hed), n. Bot. Com- 
pound flower in which all the florets are 
sessile on the receptacle. 

FLOWERINESS (flow'er-i-nes), n. State of 
being flowery. 

FLOWERY (flow'er-i), a. 1. Full of, or adorned 
with, flowers. 2. Highly embellished; florid. 

FLOWN (flon), v. Past participle of FLY. 

FLUCTUATE (fluk'tu-at), vi. [pr.p. FLUCTU- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. FLUCTUATED.] 1. 
Float backward and forward, up and down. 
2. Be irresolute. [L. fluctus, wave.] 

SYN. Waver; vacillate; oscillate; vary; 
veer. ANT. Persist; abide; stay; stick; 
adhere. 

FLUCTUATION (fluk-tu-a'shun), n. Act of 
fluctuating. 2. Vicissitude; change. 

FLUE (flo), n. Soft down or fur; lint; nap. 
[Allied to FLUFF.] 

FLUE (flo), n. Passage for smoke, air, etc., as 
a chimney. [O. Fr.] 

FLUENCY (flo'en-si), n. Quality of being fluent; 
readiness; copiousness. 

FLUENT (flo'ent), a. Ready in the use of words; 
voluble. [L. fluens, flowing.] 

FLUEY (flo'i), a. Fluffy; downy. 

FLUFF (fluf), n. Light down, such as rises from 
beds, cotton, etc., when shaken. [From FLY.] 

FLUFFINESS (fluf'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fluffy. 

FLUFFY (fluf'i), a. Composed of or like fluff. 

FLUID (flo'id), I. a. Capable of flowing, liq- 
uid or gaseous. II. n. Liquid or gas. [L. 
fluidus — fluo, flow.] 

FLUIDITY (flo-id'i-ti), FLUIDNESS (flo'id- 
nes),,n. State or quality of being fluid; opposed 
to SOLIDITY. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=m in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



FLUKE 



498 



FLUX 



FLUKE (flok), n. Flounder. [A. S. floe] 

FLUKE (flok), n. 1. Part of an anchor which 
fastens in the ground. 2. Half of a whale's 
tail fin. 3. Lucky chance; accidentally suc- 
cessful stroke in billiards. [Low Ger. flunk, 
wing.J 

FLU3IE (flom), ». Channel for the water that 
drives a mill-wheel. [A. S. flum — L. flumen, 
river.] 

FLUMMERY (flum'er-i), n. 1. Acid jelly made 
from the husks of oats; the Scotch so wens. 
2. Light kind of dessert, made of flour, eggs, 
etc. 3. Nonsense; anything insipid; empty 
compliment. [Wei. llytnru, acid.] 

FLUNG (flung), v. Past tense and past participle 
of FLING. 

FLUNK (flungk), vi. [pr.p. FLUNKING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLUNKED (flungkt).] 1. Fail, as in 
a lesson. 2. Retire through fear; back out. 
[From FUNK.] 

FLUNK (flungk), n. Failure; backing out. 

FLUNKEY, FLUNKY (flungk'i), n. 1. Male 
servant in livery. 2. Low flatterer and serv- 
ile imitator of the aristocracy; toady. [Al- 
lied to FLANK.] 

FLUNKEYDOM, FLUNKYDOM (flungk'i-dum), 
n. 1. The flunkeys collectively. 2. Grade or 
condition of flunkeys. 

FLUNKEYIS3I, FLUNKYISM (flungk'i-izm), n. 
Character or quality of a flunkey; servility; 
toadyism. 

FLUOR (flo'ur), w. Beautiful mineral, often 
crystallized, and usually called fluor-spar, 
[L.; from fluo, flow.] 

FLUORESCENCE (flo-ur-es'ens), n. Quality of 
some substances of assuming a peculiar lu- 
minous appearance when exposed to the sun- 
light or the X-rays. 

FLUORIDE (flour-id), n. Chem. Compound of 
fluorine with another element or radical. 

FLUORINE (flo'ur-in), n. Pungent, colorless, 
corrosive gas, allied to chlorin; obtained 
chiefly from fluor. 

FLUOROSCOPE (flo'- 
ur-6-skop), n. A 
box-like apparatus 
by means of which 
the effects of X-rays 
are observed. 

FLUOR-SPAR (flo'- 
ur-spar), n. Fluor- 
ide of calcium. 

FLURRY (flur'i), n. 
[pi. FLURRIES.] 1. 
Sudden blast or 
gust. 2. Nervous 
agitation. 3. Flut- 
tering assemblage of things, as snowflakes. 
4. Death agony of the whale. [Sw. flurig, 
disordered.) 

FLURRY (flur'i), vt. [pr. p. FLURRYING; p.t. 
and p.p. FLURRIED (flur'id).] Bewilder; 
agitate; confuse. 




Fluoroscope. 



FLUSH (flush), v. [pr.p. FLUSHING; p.t. and 
p.p. FLUSHED (flusht).] I. vi. 1. Flow and 
spread suddenly; rush. 2. Start; fly out sud- 
denly, as a bird disturbed. 3. Become suf- 
fused or red; glow. 4. Be gay, splendid or 
beautiful. II. vt. 1. Cause to blush; redden 
suddenly. 2. Elate; elevate. 3. Animate. 
4. Wash out by flooding. 5. Cause to start 
up; stir up. [L. fluo, flow; the words BLUSH 
and FLASH may have influenced the meaning.] 

FLUSH (flush), I. a. 1. Fresh; full of vigor; 
glowing; bright. 2. Rich in blossom; exu- 
berant; well supplied with money. 3. Having 
the surface even or level with the adjacent 
surface. 4. Consisting of cards of the same 
suit. II. n. 1. Sudden flow of blood to the 
face. 2. Redness of face from an afflux of 
blood; warm coloring or glow. 3. Sudden 
impulse or thrill of feelings. 4. Bloom; 
growth; abundance. 5. Run of cards of the 
same suit. 6. Flock of birds suddenly started. 
III. adv. In a manner so as to be even or 
level. 

FLUSTER (flus'ter), n. Hurrying; bustle; ex- 
citement; confusion; heat. [Ice. flaustr, 
hurry.] 

FLUSTER (flus'ter), v. [pr.p. FLUS'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FLUSTERED (flus'terd).] I. vt. 
Make hot or red in the face; confuse; mud- 
dle. II. vi. Be in a state of confusion or ex- 
citement; become confused and flurried. 

FLUSTRATED (flus'tra-ted), a. Excited, es- 
pecially as if by drink. 

FLUTE (flot), n. 1. Musical instrument with 
finger-holes and keys, sounded by blowing. 
2. Channel, as on a pillar, or in plaited cloth. 
[Fr. — L. flo, blow.] 

FLUTE (flot), v. [pr.p. FLU'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
FLUTED.] I. vt. 1. Play or sing in soft flute- 
like tones. 2. Form flutes or grooves in. 
II. vi. Play the flute. 

FLUTTER (flut'er), v. [pr.p. FLUT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FLUTTERED (flut'erd).] I. vi. 
1. Move or flap wings rapidly, without flying 
or with short flights. 2. Move about with 
bustle. 3. Vibrate; be in agitation. II. vt. 
Throw into disorder. [A. S. flotorian, float 
about.] 

FLUTTER (flut'er), n. 1. Rapid, irregular vi- 
bration, as of wings. 2. State of excitement 
or agitation. 

FLUVIAL (flo'vi-al), FLU VIATIC (flo-vi-at'ik), 
a. 1. Of or belonging to rivers. 2. Growing 
or living in streams. [L. fluvius, river — fluo, 
flow.] 

FLUVIATILE (flo'vi-a-til), a. Fluvial. 

FLUX (fluks), n. 1. Act of flowing; motion of a 
fluid. 2. Flow; quick succession. 3. Mat- 
ter discharged. 4. State of being liquid; 
fusion. 5. Substance that promotes the fu- 
sion of metals or minerals. [L. fluxus — p.p. 
of fluo, flow.] 

FLUX (fluks), vt. [pr.p. FLUX'ING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=Tl in Scotch gtide; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn* 



i: 



FLUXATION 



499 



FOAM 



p.p. FLUXED (flukst).] 1. Melt or fuse. 2. 
Purge; cleanse. 

FLUXATION (fluks-a'shun), w. Act of flowing; 
flux. 

FLUXION (fluk'shun), n. 1. Flowing. 2. Fu- 
sion. 3. Difference; variation. 

FLUXIONAL (fluk'shun-al), a. Variable; in- 
constant. 

FLY (fli), v. [pr.p. FLYING; p.t. FLEW (flo) ; 
p.p. FLOWN (flon).] I. vi. 1. Move through 
the air on wings. 2. Move swiftly. 3. Pass 
away; flee. 4. Burst. 5, Flutter or wave 
in the breeze. II. vt. 1. It&Ad; flee from. 2. 
Cause to fly, as a kite. [A. S. fleogan.] 

FLY (fli), n. [pi. FLIES.] 1. Insect with trans- 
parent wings, especially the common house- 
fly (Musca domestica). 2. Fish-hook dressed 
with silk, etc., in imitation of a fly. 3. Flap 
of a garment. 4. [pi. FLYS.] Light double- 
seated carriage. 5. [pi.] Large space above 
the stage in a theater from which the scenes, 
etc., are controlled. [A. S. fledge — fleogan, 

fly.] 




Flies (Muscidce). 

1. Cheese maggot fly (Piophila casei). 2. Apple worm fly (Carpocapsa). 
3. SkiT bot-fly. 4. Carpet fly (Scenopinus pallipes). 5. Hessian fly. 
6. Willow gall fly. 7. Willow blister fly (Lonck&a). 8. Horse bot-fly 
{Gastrophilus equi). 8 A. Its larva. 9. Bot-fly of ox (Hypoder?na 
bo-vis). 10. Microdon grlobosus. 10 A. Syrphus fly. 11- Carpet worm 
of No. 4. 12. Rat-tailed fly (Merodon barctus). 12 A. Its pupa. 13. 
Black fly {Simuiium tnolestum). 

FLY (AT), n. Act of flying. 

FLY (fli), o. Wide-awake; clever; smart. (Colloq.) 

FLYAWAY (fli'a-wa), a. Flighty; restless; 

giddy. 
FLYBLOW (fli'bld), n. Egg or larva of a fly. 




Flying-fish. 



FLYBLOW (fli'blo), v. [pr.p. FLY 'BLOWING; 

p.t. FLYBLOWED (fll'blod) ; p.p. FLYBLOWN 

(fli'blon).] I. vt. Deposit flyblows upon; 

corrupt; taint. II. vi. Lay flyblows. 
FLYBLOWN (fli'blon), a. Tainted with fly- 
blows; hence, spoiled; corrupted. 
FLYBOAT (fli'bot), n. Long narrow swift boat 

used on canals. 
FLYCATCHER (fli'kach-er), n. Small bird 

that catches flies while on the wing. 
FLYING-FISH (fli'ing-fish), 

n. 1. Fish of the genus Ex- 

occetus, which can leap from 

the water and sustain itself 

in the air for a short time, 

by its long pectoral fins. 

2. Flying gurnard. See DACTYLOPTERUS. 
FLYING-FOX (fli'ing-foks), n. Large frugiv- 

orous bat. 
FLYING-SQUIRREL (fli'ing-skwer-el), n. Squir- 
rel in S. Asia and N. America, which has a 

broad fold of ^a»(, 

skin between 

its fore and 

hind legs, by 

the aid of 

which it can 

take great' 

leaps in the^ 

air. 
FLYLEAF (fli'- 

lef), n. [#l. 

FLYLEAVES 

(fli'levz).] 

Blank leaf at 

the begin- 
ning and end 

of a book. Flying-squirrel. 

FLYMAN (fli'man), n. [pi. FLYMEN.] One 

who works the ropes in the flies of a theater. 
FLYPAPER (fli'pa-per), n. Paper prepared with 

poison or sticky material for destroying flies. 
FLYSPECK (fli'spek), n. Speck made by the 

excrement of a fly. 
FLY-TRAP (fli'trap), n. 1. Trap for catching 

flies. 2. Bot. The spreading dogbane; also 

the Venus' s fly-trap. 
FLY-WHEEL (fli'hwel), n. Wheel with a heavy 

rim placed on the revolving shaft of machin- 
ery put in motion by an irregular or intermit- 
ting force, for the purpose of rendering the 

motion equable and regular by means of its 

momentum. 
FOAL (fol), n. Young of the equine genus; colt 

or filly. [A. S. fola.] 
FOAL (fol), v. [pr.p. FOALING; p.t. and p.p. 

FOALED (fold).] I. vt. Bring forth, as a foal. 
II. vi. Give birth to a foal. 
FOAM (fom), n. Froth; bubbles which rise on 

the surface of liquids. [A. S. /am.] 
FOAM (fdm), vi. [pr.p. FOAMING; p.t. and 

p.p. FOAMED (fomd).] 1. Gather or emit 

foam; froth. 2. Be in a rage. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
h=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FOAMY 



500 



FOLLICLE 



FOAMY (fom'i), a. Covered with or full of 
foam; frothy. 

FOB (fob), n. 1. Small pocket for a watch. 2. 
Watch-chain, or ribbon with buckle or charm, 
worn pendant from the pocket. [From root 
of Prov. Ger. fuppe, pocket.] 

FOCAL (fo'kal), a. Of or belonging to a focus. 

FOCALIZE (fo'kal-iz), vt. [pr.p. FOCALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. FOCALIZED (fo'kal-izd).] Bring 
to a focus; concentrate. 

FOCUS (fo'kus), n. [pi. FOCUSES or FOCI (fo'- 
si).] 1. Point in which the rays of light meet 
after reflection or refraction, and cause great 
heat. 2. Central point. 3. Geom. Point in 
the parabola, ellipse, or hyperbola, where 
rays reflected from all their parts meet. [L. 
focus, hearth.] 

FOCUS (fo'kus), vt. [pr.p. FO'CUSING; p.t. and 
p.p. FOCUSED (fo'kusfc).] Bring to a focus. 

FODDER (fod'er), n. Coarse food for cattle, 
horses and sheep, such as cornstalks, dried 
herbage, etc. [A. S. fodder — foda, food.] 

FOE (fo), n. 1. Enemy. 2. One who, or that 
which, injures or hinders anything. 3. Ill- 
wisher. [A. S. fah; cf. feogan, hate.] 

FOEMAN (fo'man), n. [pi. FOE'MEN.] Open or 
active enemy; adversary. 

FOG (fog), n. 1. Dense watery vapor exhaled 
from the earth or from rivers and lakes, or 
generated in the atmosphere near the earth. 
2. Bewilderment; perplexity. 3. Phot. Blur 
obscuring a developed plate. [Dan. fog, 
spray, storm.] 

FOG (fog), vt. [pr.p. FOGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOGGED (fogd).] Befog; darken; obscure. 

FOG (fog), FOGGAGE (fog'aj), n. Grass which 
grows in the fall after the hay is cut. [Origin 
unknown.] 

FOGGINESS (fog'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being foggy. 

FOGGY (fog'i), a. 1. Hazy; misty. 2. Clouded 
in mind. 

FOG-HORN (fog'harn), n. 1. Horn used as a 
warning signal by vessels in foggy weather. 
2. Sounding instrument for warning vessels 
off the shore during a fog; siren. 

FOGY, FOGEY, (fo'gi), n. [pi. FOGIES, FO'- 
GEYS.] Dull old fellow; person with anti- 
quated notions. [Etym. unknown.] 

FOIBLE (foi'bl), n. Weak point in one's char- 
acter; slight failing. [O. Fr.] 

FOIL (foil), vt. [pr.p. FOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOILED (foild).] 1. Defeat; puzzle; disappoint. 
2. Blunt; dull. [O. Fr. fuler, stamp or crush.] 

FOIL (foil), n. 1. Failure after success seemed 
certain; defeat. 2. Blunt sword with a but- 
ton at the point, used in fencing. 

FOIL (foil), n. 1. Leaf or thin plate of metal, 
as tin-foil. 2. Thin leaf metal put under 
precious stones to increase their luster or 
change their color. 3. Anything that serves 
to set off something else. 4. Leaf-like orna- 
ment. [Fr. feuille — L. folium, leaf.] 



FOIST (foist), vt. [pr.p. FOIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

FOISTED.] 1. Bring in by stealth. 2. Pass 

off as genuine. [Dut. vysten.] 
FOLD (fold), v. [pr.p FOLDING; p.t. and p.p. 

FOLD 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Lay one part over an« 

other. 2. Inclose. 3. Wrap up; envelop. 

4. Clasp or embrace. II. vi. Close in folds. 

[A. S. fealdan.] 
FOLD (fold), n. 1. Doubling of any flexible sub- 
stance. 2. Part laid over on another. 3. 

That which infolds; clasp; embrace. 
FOLD (fold), n. 1. Pen for domestic animals, 

especially sheep. 2. Flock of Sheep. 3. 

Church. [A. S. fald, fold; stall.] 
FOLD. (fold), vt. [pr.p. FOLD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

FOLDED.] Confine in a fold. 
-FOLD, suffix. In composition with numerals= 

"folded" or "times," as in tenfold. 
FOLDER (folder), n. 1. One who or that which 

folds. 2. Knife-like tool for folding paper. 

3. Folding machine. 4. Circular or other 

printed paper in folded form suitable for 

mailing. 
FOLDEROL (fol'de-rol), n. Nonsense. 
FOLDING (fold'ing), I. a. That may be folded 

or doubled. — Folding bed, bed that closes 

into a frame, so as to stand up vertically. — 

Folding door, door vertically divided in two 

parts or wings. — Folding machine, machine 

for folding paper. II. n. 1. Fold or plait. 

2. Keeping of sheep in inclosures on arable 

land. 
FOLIACEOUS (fo-li-a'sh«s), a. Pertaining to 

or consisting of leaves. [L. foliaceus — fo- 
lium, leaf.] 
FOLIAGE (fo'li-aj), n. Leaves; cluster of 

leaves; leafage. [Fr. feuillage.] 
FOLIATE (fo'li-at), vt. [pr.p. FO'LIATING; 

p.t. and p.p. FO'LIATED.] 1. Beat into a 

leaf. 2. Cover with leaf-metal. 
FOLIATED (fo'li-a-ted), a. 1. Spread or covered 

with a thin plate or foil. 2. Beaten into a 

leaf. 3. Leafy. 
FOLIATION (fo-li-a/shun), n. 1. Leafing of 

plants. 2. Act of beating a metal into a thin 

plate, leaf, or foil. 3. Operation of spreading 

foil over the back surface of a mirror. 
FOLIO (fo'li-6), I. n. [pi. FOLIOS (fo'li-oz).] 

1. Sheet of paper once folded; size of book; 

17x22 inches. 2. Book of such sheets. 3. 

Page in a book. 4. Page in an account book, 

or two opposite pages numbered as one. II. 

a. Pertaining to or containing paper only 

once folded. [Abl. of L. folium, leaf.] 
FOLIO (fo'li-6), vt. [pr.p. FO'LIOING; p.t. and 

p.p. FOLIOED (fo'li-6d).] Number the pages 

of, as a book or manuscript. 
FOLK (fok), n. 1. People. 2. Certain people, 

as one's family — generally used in plural. 3. 

Nation or race. [A. S. folc] 
FOLKLORE (fok'lor), n. Knowledge of ancient 

customs, superstitions, etc., of the people. 
FOLLICLE (fol'i-kl), n. 1. Little bag. 2. Gland. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note., not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then. kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 






FOLLOW 



501 



FOOTSTEP 



3. Seed-vessel. [Fr. — L. folliculus, dim. of 
follis, wind bag.] 

FOLLOW (fol'6), v. [pr.p. FOLLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. FOLLOWED (folod).] I. vt. 1. Go, 
or come, after or behind. 2. Imitate; adopt, 
as an opinion. 3. Keep the eye or mind fixed 
on. 4. Result from. II. vi. 1. Come after 
another. 2. Result. [A. S. folgian.] 

SYN. Attend; pursue; accompany; 
chase; copy; accept; obey; watch; suc- 
ceed; ensue. ANT. Avoid; elude; quit; 
disobey; precede; cause; produce; abandon; 
shun. 

FOLLOWER (fol'6-er), n. 1. One who follows. 
2. Admirer. 

FOLLOWING (fol'6-ing), n. 1. Followers col- 
lectively. 2. Vocation. 

FOLLY (fol'1), n. [pi. FOL'LIES.] 1. Want of 
understanding. 2. Weak or absurd act. 3. 
Depravity of mind or actions. [Fr. folie. See 
FOOL.] 

FOMENT (fo-menf), vt. [pr.p. FOMENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. FOMENT'ED.] 1. Bathe with 
warm water. 2. Encourage; excite; insti- 
gate. [Fr. formenter — L. f omentum, lotion; 
from foveo, warm.] 

FOMENTATION (fo-men-ta'shun), n. 1. A 
bathing or lotion with warm water. 2. 
Encouragement; excitation; instigation. 

FOND (fond), a. 1. Foolishly tender and loving; 
weakly indulgent. 2. Very affectionate; 
longing; loving. — Fond of, relishing highly. 
[For formed, p.p. of M. E. fonnen, act fool- 
ishly.] 

FONDLE (fon'dl), vt. [pr.p. FON'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. FONDLED (fon'dld).] Treat with 
fondness ; caress. [From FOND.] 

FONT (font), n. Complete as- 
sortment of types of one style 
and size. [Fr. fonte, fondre — 
L. fundo, cast.] 

FONT (font), n. 1. Vessel used 
in churches as the repository 
of the baptismal water. 2. 
Fountain. [L. fons, fontiso, 
fountain.] 

FONTEIN (fon'tin), n. Spring; 
fountain. [So. African Dutch.] 

FoOCHOW (fo-chow'), n. Capital of Chinese 
province of Fuchien. 

FOOD (fod), n. 1. What one feeds on; that 
which being digested nourishes the body. 2. 
Whatever promotes growth. [A. S. foda.1 

FOOL (fol), n. 1. One who acts stupidly. 2. 
Person of weak mind. 3. Professional 
jester. — FooVs errand, silly enterprise. — Fool- 
killer, imaginary person having power to kill 
one guilty of great folly. — FooVs paradise, 
deceptive happiness. [O. Fr. fol; from L. follis, 
wind bag.] 

FOOL (fol), v. [pr.p. FOOL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOOLED (fold).] I. vt. Deceive. II. vi. 
Play the fool; trifle. 




Baptismal Font. 




Bones of the foot. 

1 to S. First, second, third, fourth and 
fifth metatarsal. 6. Inferior cuneiform. 
7. Middle cuneiform. 8. External cunei- 
form. 9. Cuboid. 10. Navicular. 11. 
Astragalus. 12. Calcaneum. A. B. 
First and second phalanges. C. Distal 
phalange. 



FOOLERY (fol'er-i), n. [pi. FOOLERIES (foT- 
er-iz).] Act of folly; habitual folly. 

FOOLHARDY (folhar-di), a. Rash or incau- 
tious. 

FOOLISH (fol'ish), a. 1. Weak in intellect. 2. 
Wanting discretion. 3. Ridiculous. 

SYN. Senseless; idiotic; crazed; shallow; 
weak; silly; injudicious; irrational; absurd. 
ANT. Sensible; sane; sound; wise; judi- 
cious; prudent. 

FOOLISHLY (fol'ish-li), adv. In a foolish manner. 

FOOLISHNESS (folish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being foolish. 

FOOLSCAP (folz'kap), n. Paper of a certain size. 
Originally it bore the water-mark of a fool's 
cap and bells. 

FOOT (fot), n. [pi. 
FEET.] 1. Part 
of body on which 
man or other 
vertebrate stands 
or walks. 2. Low- 
er part or base. 
3. Measure = 12 
inches. 4. Foot 
soldiers. 5. Di- 
vision of a line 
of poetry. [A. S. fot; pi. fet.] 

FOOT (fot), v. [pr.p. FOOTING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOOTED.] I. vt. 1. Tread or walk on. 2. 
Spurn with the foot; kick. 3. Make, add, 
or attach a foot to. 4. Sum up and set the 
total at the foot. II. vi. 1. Go on foot; walk. 
2. Dance. 3. Naut. Move. 

FOOTBALL (fot'bal), n. 1. Ball consisting of an 
inflated ox-bladder, or a hollow globe of india- 
rubber, cased in leather, to be driven by the 
foot. 2. Person or object subjected to many 
vicissitudes or changes of condition. 3. Game 
played with a football by two parties of players. 

FOOTFALL (fot'fal), n. 1. Footstep. 2. Sound 
made by a footstep. 

FOOTGTIARDS (fot'gardz), n.pl. Guards that 
serve on foot. 

FOOTHOLD (fot'hold), n. Space on which to 
plant the feet; that which sustains the feet. 

FOOTING (fot'ing), n. 1. Place for the foot to 
rest on; firm foundation. 2. Act or result of 
adding up a column of figures. 3. [pi.] Totals 
from such adding. 

FOOTLIGHT (fot'lit), n. One of a row of lights 
in front cf and on a level with the stage, in 
a theater, etc. 

FOOTMAN (fot'man), n. [pi. FOOTMEN.] 1. 
Soldier who serves on foot. 2. Servant or 
attendant in livery. 

FOOTPAD (fot'pad), n. Highwayman or robber 
on foot, who frequents public paths or roads. 

FOOTRULE (fot'rol), n. Rule or measure a foot 
(12 inches) in length. 

FOOTSTEP (fpt'step), n. 1. Step or impression 
of the foot; track. 2. Trace of a course pur- 
sued. 3. [plA Course; example. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FOOTSTOOL 



502 



FORE 



FOOTSTOOL, (fot'stol), n. Low support for the 
feet of one sitting. 

FOP (fop), n. Affected dandy. [Dut. foppcn, 
cheat.] 

FOPPERY (fop'er-i), n. Vanity in dress or 
manners; affectation; folly. 

FOPPISH (fop'ish), a. Vain and showy in dress; 
affectedly refined in manners. 

FOPPISHLY (fop'ish-li), adv. In a foppish man- 
ner. 

FOPPISHNESS (fop'ish-nes), n. Quality of being 
foppish. 

FOR (far), I. prep. In the place of; for the 
sake of; on account of; in the direction of; 
with respect to; beneficial to; in quest of; 
notwithstanding; in spite of; in recompense of; 
during. II. cony. Because; on the account 
that. [A. S.] 

FOR-, prefix. It has generally the intensive 
force of the Ger. ver-, signifying greatly, com- 
pletely, utterly, as in forlorn. Sometimes it 
has the force of a negative or privative, as in 
forbid. [A. S.] 

FORAGE (for'aj), n. 1. Fodder, or food for 
horses and cattle; provisions. 2. Act of 
foraging. [O. Fr. fourage. Akin to FODDER 
and FORAY.] 

FORAGE (for'aj), v. [pr.p. FOR'AGING; p.t. 
and p.p. FORAGED (for'ajd).] I. vi. Go 
about and forcibly carry off food for horses 
and cattle. II. vt. Plunder. 

FORAGER (for'a-jer), n. One who or that 
which forages. 

FORA3IEN (fo-ra'men), n. [pi. FORAMINA 
(fo-ra/mi-na).] Anat. Hole or cavity. 

FORASMUCH (far'az-much), conj. Because 
that. 

FORAY (for'a), n. Sudden incursion into an 
enemy's country. [From FORAGE.] 

FORAY (for'a), v. [pr.p. FOR'AYlVG; p.t. and 
p.p. FORAYED (for ad).] I. vt. Pillage. 
II. vi. Go foraging. 

FORBADE (far-bad), v. Past tense of FORBID. 

FORBEAR (far-bar), FOREBEAR (for-bar), 
n. Forefather; ancestor; generally in the 
plural. [Sc] 

FORBEAR (far-bar), v. [pr.p. FORBEARING; 
p.t. FORBORE (far-bor') ; p.p. FORBORNE (far- 
born').] I. vi. Abstain. II. vt. Stop; avoid 
voluntarily. 

FORBEARANCE (far-bar'ans), n. Exercise of 
patience; command of temper; clemency. 

FORBEARING ( far-bar 'ing), a. Patient. [FOR-, 
away, and BEAR.] 

SYN. Cease; delay; avoid; decline; with- 
hold; refuse; refrain; abstain. ANT. Seek; 
indulge. 

FORBID (far-bid), vt. [pr.p. FORBID'DING; 
p.t. FORBADE (far-bad); p.p. FORBIDDEN 
or FORBID'.] Prohibit; command not to do. 
[FOR- and BID.] 

FORBIDDEN (far-bid'n), a. Prohibited; un- 
lawful. 



FORBIDDING (far-biding), a. Repulsive; un- 
pleasant; raising dislike. 

FORCE (fors), n. 1. Strength; power; energy. 
2. Efficacy; validity. 3. Influence. 4. Co- 
ercion; compulsion. 5. Military or naval 
strength (often in plural) ; armament. 6. 
That which produces or tends to produce 
change in a body's state of rest or motion. 
[Fr. — L. fortis, strong.] 

SYN. Vigor; energy; might; stress; em- 
phasis; cogency; vehemence; violence; 
constraint; agency. ANT. Feebleness; 
weakness; neutralization; inefficiency; in- 
conclusiveness; pointlessness; debility; in- 
ertia. 

FORCE (fors), vt. [pr.p. FORCING; p.t. and p.p. 
FORCED (forst).] 1. Draw or push by main 
strength; compel; constrain. 2. Ravish; 
violate. 3. Obtain or open by violence; 
storm. 4. Cause to grow or ripen rapidly. 

FORCED (forst), a. 1. Accomplished by great 
effort, as a forced march. 2. Strained; un- 
natural. 3. Developed by extraordinary 
means. 

FORCEFUL (fors'fol), a. Full of force or might; 
strong; potent; effective; violent. 

FORCEFULLY (fors'fol-i), adv. In a forceful 
manner. 

FORCEMEAT (fors'met), n. Meat chopped fine 
and highly seasoned. 

FORCEPS (far'seps), n. Pair of tongs, pincers, 
or pliers for holding or removing anything 
difficult to be held or removed with the hand. 
[L. formns, hot, and capio, take.] 




Forceps. 



FORCE-PUMP (fors'pump), n. Pump which 
delivers water under pressure, ejecting it 
forcibly. 

FORCIBLE (for'si-bl), a. 1. Strong. 2. Done 
by force. 3. Impetuous. 

SYN. Powerful; cogent; impressive; effi- 
cacious; violent; energetic. ANT. Weak; 
peaceable; ineffective; feeble. 

FORCIBLY (for'si-bli), adv. In a forcible man- 
ner. 

FORCING (for'sing), n. Art of hastening the 
growth of plants. 

FORD (ford), n. Place where water may be 
crossed on foot. [A. S.] 

FORD (ford), vt. [pr.p. FORDING; p.t. and p.p. 
FORDED.] Go across on foot; wade. 

FORE- (for), prefix. Before, either in position 
or time. 

FORE (for), I. a. In front of; advanced in po- 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






FOREARM 



503 



FORESAIL 



sition; coming first. II. adv. At the front; 
in the first or front part; previously. III. n. 
Front; future. IV. inter 3. Golf. Clear the 
way! [A. S. fore, a form of for, for.] 

FOREARM (for'arm), n. Forepart of the arm, 
between elbow and wrist. 

FOREARM (for-arm), vt. [pr.p. FOREARM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREARMED (for-armd').] 
Arm or prepare beforehand. 

FOREBEAR (for-barO, n. Ancestor. [Sc] 

FOREBODE (for-bod'), vt. [pr.p. FOREBO'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. FOREBODED.] Feel a 
secret sense of (something future), especially 
of evil. [A. S. forebodian — fore, before, and 
bodian, announce.] 

FOREBODING (for-bo'ding), n. Apprehension 
of coming evil. 

FORE-CABIN (for'kab-in), n. Cabin in the fore- 
part of a vessel with accommodation inferior 
to that of the aft-cabin or saloon. 

FORE-CADDIE (for'kad-i), n. In golf, boy who 
precedes the player to indicate position of 
holes or balls. 

FORECAST (for'kast), n. Previous contrivance; 
foresight. [FORE- and CAST.] 

FORECAST (for-kasf), v. [pr.p. FORECAST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FORECAST'.] I. vt. Con- 
trive or reckon beforehand; foresee. II. vi. 
Form schemes beforehand. 

FORECASTER (for-kast'er), n. One who fore- 
sees or contrives beforehand. 

FORECASTLE (for'kas-1 or fok'sl), n. 1. Fore- 
deck, raised above the maindeck. 2. More 
commonly, forepart of the ship under the 
maindeck, quarters of the crew. 

FORECLOSE (for-kloz'), vt. [pr.p. FORECLO- 
SING; p.*. and p.p. FORECLOSED (for-klozd).] 
Preclude; prevent; stop. — Foreclose a mort- 
gage, bar or cut off the mortgagor from 
his equity of redemption, or the power of 
redeeming the mortgaged premises or prop- 
erty, by a judgment of court. [O. Fr. forclos, 
p.p. of forclorre, exclude.] 

FORECLOSURE (for-klo'zhur), n. Foreclosing; 
depriving a mortgagor of the right of redeem- 
ing a mortgaged estate. 

FOREFATHER (for 'fa-f Tier), n. Ancestor, es- 
pecially one that is remote. 

FOREFEND (for-fend'), vt. [pr.p. FOREFEND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREFEND ED.] Ward 
off; avert. [See DEFEND.] 

FOREFINGER (for'fing-ger), n. Finger next 
the thumb. 

FOREFOOT (for'fpt), n. One of the feet of an 
animal in front or next the head. 

FOREFRONT (for'frunt), n. Foremost part or 
place. 

FOREGO (for-go'), vt. [pr.p. FOREGO'ING; 
p.t. FOREWENT (for-went) ; p.p. FOREGONE 
(for-gan').] 1. Go before; precede; chiefly 
used in its present participle FOREGOING and 
past participle FOREGONE. 2. Give up; for- 
bear the use of. — Foregone conclusion, con- 



clusion come to without examination of the 
evidence. [A. S. forgdn.] 

FOREGROUND (for'grownd), n. Ground or 
space which seems to lie before the figures in 
a picture. 

FOREHANDED (for'hand-ed), a. 1. Seasonable. 
2. Provident; well-to-do. 

FOREHEAD (for'ed), n. Forepart of the head 
above the eyes; brow. [FORE and HEAD.] 

FOREIGN (for'in), a. 1. Belonging to another 
country; from abroad. 2. Not belonging to; 
unconnected. 3. Not appropriate. [Fr. forain — 
L. L. foraneus; from L. foras, out of doors.] 

FOREIGNER (for'in-er), n. Native of another 
country. 

FOREKNOW (for-no'), vt. [pr.p. FOREKNOW- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREKNOWN (for-non).] 
Know beforehand; foresee. 

FOREKNOWLEDGE (for-nol'ej), n. Knowl- 
edge of a thing before it happens. 

FORELAND (for'land), n. Point of land running 
forward into the sea. 

FORELOCK (for'lok), n. Lock of hair that 
grows from the forepart of the head. — Take 
time by the forelock, make prompt use of any- 
thing; let no opportunity escape. 

FOREMAN (for'man), n. [pi. FOREMEN.] 
First or chief man; overseer; superintendent. 

FOREMAST (for'mast), n. 3Iast of a ship placed 
in the forepart or forecastle and carrying the 
foresail and foretopsail yards. 

FOREMENTIONED (for-men'shund), a. Men- 
tioned before. 

FOREMOST (for'most), a. First in place; most 
advanced; first in rank or dignity. [A. S. 
formest.] 

FORENOON (for'non), n. Part of the day be- 
fore noon or mid-day. 

FORENOTICE (for'no-tis), n. Notice of any- 
thing before it happens. 

FORENSIC (fo-ren'sik), a. Belonging to courts 
of judicature, or to public discussion and de- 
bate. [L. forensis — forum, court, forum.] 

FOREORDAIN (for-ar-dan), vt. [pr.p. FORE- 
ORDAINING; p.t. and p.p. FOREORDAINED 
(for-ar-dand').l Arrange or appoint before- 
hand; predestinate; predetermine. 

FOREORDINATION (for-ar-di-na'shun), n. Act 
of foreordaining or state of being foreor- 
dained. 

FOREPART (for'part), n. Part before the rest; 
front; beginning. 

FOREPOLE (for-pol), vt. [pr.p. FOREPO'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. FOREPOLED (for-pold').] Mining. 
Secure or strengthen by adjusting poles. 

FORERUN (for-run), vt. [pr.p. FORERUN- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. FORERAN (for-ran'M 
Run or come before; precede. 

FORERUNNER (for-run'er), n. 1. Runner oi 
messenger sent before. 2. Sign that some- 
thing is to follow. 

FORESAIL (for 'sal), n. Sail attached to the fore- 
yard on the foremast. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ten, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



FORESEE 



504 



FORGIVE 



FORESEE (for-se'), v. [pr.p. FORESEEING; 
p.t. FORESAW (for-sa); p.p. FORESEEN 
(for-sen').] I. vt. See or know beforehand. 
II. vim Have foresight. 

FORESHADOW (for-shad'6), vt. [pr.p. FORE- 
SHAD'OWING; p.U and p.p. FORESHAD- 
OWED (for-shad'od).] Signalize or typify 
beforehand. 

FORESHORTEN (for-shart'en), vt. [pr.p. FORE- 
SHORTENING; p.U and p.p. FORESHORT- 
ENED (for-shart'nd).] (In a picture), repre- 
sent the shortened appearance of (an object) 
projecting forward. 

FORESIGHT (for'sit), n. Act of foreseeing; wise 
forethought; prudence. 

FOREST (for'est), n. Large uncultivated tract 
of land covered with trees and underwood. 
[O. Fr. — L. foras, out of doors.] 

FORESTALL (for-stal), vt. [pr.p. FORESTALL- 
ING; p.U and p.p. FORESTALLED (for-stald).] 
Anticipate; take possession in advance of; 
get ahead of. [A. S. See STALL.] 

SYN. Preoccupy; monopolize; exclude. 

FORESTAT (for'sta), n. Naut. Large strong 
rope reaching from the foremast head toward 
the bowsprit end to support the mast. 

FORESTER (for'est-er), n. 1. One who has 
charge of a forest. 2. Inhabitant of a forest. 
3. [F-] Member of one of certain fraternal 
organizations in the U. S. 

FORESTRY (for'est-ri), n. Art of cultivating 
and managing forests. 

FORETASTE (for-tasf), vt. [pr.p. FORETA'- 
STING; p.U and p.p. FORETASTED.] Taste 
before possession; anticipate. 

FORETASTE (for'tast), n. Taste beforehand; 
anticipation. 

FORETELL (for-tel'), v. [pr.p. FORETELL'ING; 
p.U and p.p. FORETOLD (for-told').] I. vt. 
Tell before; prophesy. II. vi. Utter proph- 
ecy. 

FORETELLER (for-tel'er), n. One who fore- 
tells. 

FORETHOUGHT (for'that), n. Thought or care 
for the future; provident care. 

FORETOKEN (for'to-kn), n. Token or sign be- 
forehand. 

FORETOKEN (fdr-to'kn), vt. [pr.p. FORETO'- 
KENING; p.t. and p.p. FORETOKENED 
(for-to'knd).] Signify beforehand. 

FORETOP (for'top), n. 1. Forelock. 2. Naut. 
Platform at the head of a foremast. 

FOREVER (for-ev'er), adv. 1. For all time to 
come; through eternity. 2. Always. 
SYN. Constantly; continually. 

FOREVERMORE (for-ev'er-mor), adv. Forever. 

FOREWARN(for-warn'),«rt. [pr.p. FOREWARN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FOREWARNED (for- 
warnd').] Warn beforehand; give previous 
notice to. 

FOREWARNING (for-warn'ing), n. Warning 
beforehand. 

FOREWOMAN (for'wom-an), n. [pi. FORE- 



WOMEN (for'wim-en).] Woman who over- 
sees the employes in any shop, factory, etc. 

FOREWORD (for'wurd), n. Preface. 

FORFEIT (far'flt), vt. [pr.p. FORFEITING; p.t. 
and p.p. FOR'FEITED.] Lose the right to by 
some fault or crime. [O. Fr. forfait; from 
L. L. forisfacio. trespass ; from L. foris. abroad, 
and facio. do.] 

FORFEIT (far'flt)), n. 1. That which is forfeited; 
penalty for a crime; fine. 2. Something de- 
posited and redeemable. 

FORFEITABLE (far'fit-a-bl), o. Liable or sub- 
ject to forfeiture. 

FORFEITURE (far'fi-tur), n. 1. Act of for- 
feiting or state of being forfeited. 2. Thing 
forfeited. 

FORGAVE (for-gav'), v. Past tense of FORGIVE. 

FORGE (forj or farj), n. 1. Furnace, especially 
one in which iron is heated. 2. Smithy. 3. 
Place where anything is shaped or made. [O. 
Fr. forge; from L. fabrica, workshop.] 

FORGE (forj or farj), v. [pr.p. FOR'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. FORGED (forjd).] I. vt, 1. Form 
by heating and hammering; form. 2. Make 
falsely; fabricate; counterfeit. II. vi. Com- 
mit forgery. 

FORGE (forj or farj), v. [pr.p. FOR'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. FORGED (forjd).] I. vi. Move steadily 
on, &s forge ahead. II. vt. Impel forward, as to 
forge a vessel over a shoal by the effort of a 
great quantity of sail. [Etym. doubtful.] 

FORGER (for'jer or far'jer), n. One who forges 
, or makes; one guilty of forgery. 

FORGERY (for'jer-i or far'jer-i), n. [pi. FOR- 
GERIES (for'jer-iz).] 1. Fraudulently making 
or altering any writing. 2. That which is 
forged or counterfeited. 

FORGET (for-gef), vt. [pr.p. FORGETTING; 
p.t. FORGOT (for-got); p.p. FORGOTTEN 
(for-got'n).] 1. Lose or put away from the 
memory. 2. Neglect. [A. S. forgitan; from 
for-, away, and git an, get.] 

FORGETFUL (for-get'fol), a. 1. 
easily losing remembrance; 
Causing forgetfulness. 

FORGETFULLY (for-get'fol-i), adv. 
getful manner. 

FORGETFULNESS (for-get'fol-nes), n. 
Quality of being forgetful. 2. Oblivion. 
Negligence. 

FORGET-3IE-NOT (for-get- 
me-not), n. Small herb with 
beautiful blue flowers. 

FORGING (for'jing or far'jing),n. 
1. Piece of metal that has been 
shaped by hammering or by 
being forged. 2. Action of a 
horse that clicks in overreach- 
ing while trotting or walking. 

FORGIVE (for-giv'), vt. [pr.p. 
FORGIVING; p.t. FORGAVE 
(for-gav'); p.p. FORGIVEN (for-giv'n).] 
don; overlook, as an offense or debt. 



Apt to forget; 
oblivious. 2. 

In a for- 




Forget-me-not 

(Myosotis palus- 
tris) . 

Par- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



FORGIVENESS 



505 



FOR31ULATE 



FORGIVENESS (for-giv'nes), n. 1. Pardon; 
remission. 2. Disposition to pardon. 

FORGIVING (for-giv'ing), a. Ready to pardon; 
merciful; compassionate. (A. S. for-, away, 
and gifan, give.] 

FORGO (for-go'), vt. [pr.p. FORGO'ING; p.t. 
FORWENT (for-wenf); p.p. FORGONE (for- 
gan').] Renounce ; abandon ; relinquish ; fore- 
go. (Rare.) 

FORK (fark), n. 1. Instrument with two or 
more prongs at the end. 2. One of the points 
or divisions of anything fork-like. 

FORK (fark), v. [pr.p. FORKING; p.t. and p.p. 
FORKED (farkt).] I. vi. 1. Divide into branch- 
es, as a road or tree. 2. Shoot into blades, as 
corn. II. vt. 1. Form as a fork. 2. Pitch 

I with a fork; throw. — Fork over, hand over; 

hand out; pay up. (Colloq.) 
FORKED (farkt), a. Opening into two or 
more parts, points, or shoots; furcated. [A. S. 
fore — L. furca.] 
FORLORN (for-larn'), a. Wretched; forsaken. 
[A. S. forloren.] 

SYN. Lost; deserted; abandoned; mis- 
erable; destitute; disconsolate; hapless. 
ANT. Supported; attended; cherished; be- 
friended; cheered. 

FORLORN HOPE (for-larn' hop). Rody of sol- 
diers selected for some service of uncommon 
danger. [Dut. verloren hoop, forlorn or lost 
troop.] 

FORM (farm), n. 1. Shape of a body; outline of 
an object. 2. Model; mold. 3. Mode of 
arrangement. 4. Order; regularity; system, 
as of government. 5. Established practice; 
ceremony. 6. Type from which an impres- 
sion is to be taken, arranged and secured in 
a chase. [L. forma, shape.] 

FORM (farm), v. [pr.p. FORMING; p.t. and p.p. 
FORMED (farmd).] I. vt. 1. Give shape to; 
make; contrive. 2. Settle, as an opinion; 
combine; go to make up; establish. II. vi. 
Assume a form. 

FORMAL (farm'al), a. 1. According to form or 
established mode; ceremonious; methodical. 
2. Having the form only; mechanical. 3. 
Constituent; essential. 

FORMALDEHYDE (far-mal'de-hid), n. A 
powerful disinfectant and antiseptic ob- 
tained from methyl alcohol. [FORMIC and 
ALDEHYDE.] 

FORMALIN (far'ma-lin),n. A forty per cent solu- 
tion of formaldehyde. 

FORMALISM (farm'al-izm), n. Resting in the 
mere external forms of religion. 

FORMALIST (farm'al-ist), n. 1. One who is con- 
tent with the mere forms of religion. 2. One 
overattentive to forms. 

FORMALITY (far-mal'i-ti), n. 1. Precise 
observance of forms or ceremonies. 2. 
Established order. 3. Form without sub- 
stance. 

FORMALIZE (farm'al-iz), vt. [pr.p. FORM- 



ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. FORMALIZED (farm'- 
al-izd).] Adapt to a certain form, 

FORMALLY (farm'al-i), adv. In a formal 
manner. 

FORMATE (far'mat), n. Chem. Formic acid 
salt. 

FORMATION (far-ma'shun), n. 1. The act, 
process or result of forming or making. 2. 
Manner in which a thing is formed. 3. Sub- 
stanee formed. 4. Geol. Series of rocks re- 
ferred to a common origin. [Fr. — L. for- 
mation 

FORMATIVE (farm'a-tiv), a. Giving form; 
having the power of giving form; plastic; in- 
flectional. 

FORMER (far'mer), a. Before in time or order; 
past; first mentioned. [A. S. forma, first, 
and comp. suffix -er.] 

FORMERLY (far'mer-li), adv. In former times; 
heretofore. 

FORMIC (far'mik), a. 1. Pertaining to ants, as 
formic acid, originally obtained from ants. 
2. Pertaining to, of the nature of, or derived 
from, formic acid, a colorless corrosive liquid, 
commonly obtained by the destructive distilla- 
tion of oxalic acid. [L. formica, ant.] 

FORMIDABLE (far'mi-da-bl), a. Causing fear; 
adapted to excite fear. [Fr. — L. formid; 
fear.] 

SYN. Alarming; awful; terrible; terri- 
fying; discouraging; serious. ANT. Des- 
picable; weak; contemptible; light; trivial. 

FORMIDABLY (far'mi-da-bli), adv. In a for- 
midable manner. 

FORMLESS (farm'les), a. Devoid of shape or 
form. 

FORMOSA (far-mo 'sa), n. Japanese island, 170 
m. N. of Luzon. 

FORMOSAN (far-mo'san), n. 
Native or inhabitant of 
Formosa, an island East 
of China, belonging to 
Japan. 

FORMULA (farm'u-la), n. 
[pi. FORMULAS or FOR- 
MULAE.] 1. Prescribed 
form. 2. Formal state- 
ment of doctrine. 3. 
Math. General expression 
for solving problems. 4. 
Chem. Set of symbols expressing the com- 
ponents of a body. [L., dim. of forma, form.] 

FORMULARIZE (farm'u-la-riz), vt. [pr.p. 
FORM'ULARIZING; p.t. and p.p. FORMU- 
LARIZED (farm'u-la-rizd).] Reduce to a 
formula; formulate; express tersely and clear- 
ly in systematic form. 

FORMULARY (farm'u-la-ri), I. n. [pi. FORM- 
ULARIES (farm'u-la-riz).] Formula; book 
of formulae or precedents. II. a. Prescribed; 
ritual; closely adhering to formulas; formal. 
[Fr. formulaire — L. formula; see FORMULA.] 

FORMULATE (farm'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. FORM'U- 




Formosan. 



i, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



FORMULATION 



506 



FORWARD 



LATING; p.t. and p.p. FORMULATED.] Re- 
duce to or express in a clear or definite form. 

FORMULATION (farm-u-la'shun), n. Act, 
process, or result of formulating. 

FORMULIZE (farm'u-liz), vt. [pr.p. FORMA- 
LIZING; p.t. and p.p. FORMULIZED (farm'- 
u-lizd).] Reduce to or express in a formula; 
formulate. 

FORNICATE (far'ni-kat), a. BoU Provided 
with scale-like appendages in the corolla- 
tube, as in Mysotis. [L. fornicatus, arched 
over.] 

FORNICATION (far-ni-ka'shun), n. Illicit sex- 
ual intercourse. [L. fornix, vault, brothel.] 

FORNIX (far'niks), n. [pi. FORNICES (far'ni- 
sez).] 1. Anat. Arch or fold. 2. Conch. Ex- 
cavated part of a shell beneath the umbo. [L.] 

FORSAKE (for-sak), vt. [pr.p. FORSA'KING; 
p.t. FORSOOK (for-sok'); p.p. FORSAKEN 
(for-sa'kn). ] Desert; abandon. [A. S. forsacan. 
See SAKE.] 

FORSAKEN (for-sa'kn), a. Deserted; abandoned; 
neglected. 

FORSOOTH (for-soth'), adv. In truth; in fact; 
certainly. [A. S. forsoth, for truth.] 

FORSWEAR (for-swar'), vt. [pr.p. FORSWEAR'- 
ING; p.t. FORSWORE (for-swor') ; p.p. FOR- 
SWORN (for-sw6rn').] Renounce or deny 
upon oath. 

FORT (fort), n. Small fortress; fortification. 
[Fr. — L. fortis, strong.] 

FORTE (fort), n. One's strong point; that in 
which one excels. [L.] 

FORTE (for'ta), adv. Music. Strongly; with 
emphasis; loud. [It.] 

FORTH (forth), n. River in Scotland. 

FORTH (forth), adv. Forward in place or order; 
onward in time; out into view; abroad. 

FORTHCOMING (forth'kum-ing), a. Just com- 
ing forth ; about to appear. 

FORTHWITH (forth- with'), adv. Immediately; 
without delay. [A. S.] 

FORTIETH (far'ti-eth), I. a. Constituting the 
fourth tenth. II. n. Fortieth part. [A. S. 
feowertigotha.] 

FORTIFICATION (far-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. The 
act or art of strengthening a military position 
by means of defensive works, earthwalls, 
ditches, an abatis, etc. 2. Fort; fortress. 3. 
That which fortifies. 

FORTIFY (far'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. FOR'TIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. FORTEFIED (far'ti-fid).] 1. 
Strengthen with forts, etc. 2. Strengthen; 
invigorate. 3. Confirm. [Fr. fortifier.] 

FORTISSIMO (far-tis'i-mo), adv. Music. Very 
strong or loud. [It., superl. of forte.] 

FORTITUDE (far'ti-tud), n. That strength of 
mind which enables one to meet danger or en- 
dure pain with calmness. [L. fortitudo — fortis.] 

FORTNIGHT (fart'nit), n. Two weeks or four- 
teen days. [Contr. of FOURTEEN NIGHTS.] 

FORTNIGHTLY (fart'nit-li), a. and adv. Once 
a fortnight. 



FORTRESS (far'tres), n. Fortified place; forti- 
fication; fort. [Fr. forteresse.] 




Gibraltar. — An impregnable British fortress, 
standing on an inaccessible rock projecting 
into the sea at the narrowest part of the strait 
connecting the Atlantic and Mediterranean. 

FORTUITOUS (for-tu'i-tus), a. Happening by 
chance or accident. [L. fortuitus.] 

SYN. Accidental; undesigned. ANT. De- 
signed; purposed. 

FORTUITOUSLY (for-tu'i-tus-li), adv. In a 
fortuitous manner. 

FORTUITY (for-tu'i-ti), n. Accident; chance. 

FoRTUNA (far-tu'na), n. Horn. Myth. The 
goddess of fortune; a temple was erected to 
her by King Servius Tullius of Rome; usually 
represented as standing on a wheel, with a 
bandage over her eyes, and holding a cornu- 
copia. 

FORTUNATE (far'tu-nat), a. 1. Coming by 
good luck or favorable chance. 2. Bringing 
some unexpected good. 3. Presaging happi- 
ness; auspicious. 4. Lucky; successful. 

FORTUNATELY (far'tu-nat-li), adv. In a 
fortunate manner; luckily; successfully; hap- 
pily. [L. fortunatus. See FORTUNE.] 

FORTUNE (far'tun), n. 1. Whatever comes by 
lot or chance; luck. 2. Lot that falls to one 
in life. 3. Success. 4. Wealth. [L. for- 
tuna — fors, chance; from fero, bear.] 
SYN. Hap; fate; accident; estate. 

FORTY (far'ti), I. a. Consisting of four times 
ten. II. n. Sum of ten and thirty. [A. S. 
feower, four, and tig, ten.] 

FORUM (fo'rum), n. 1. 3Iarket place in ancient 
Rome; court. 2. Any tribunal of public dis- 
cussion. [L., akin to foras, out of doors.] 

FORWARD (far'ward), FORWARDS (far'- 
wardz), adv. Towards the front; progressively. 
[A. S. foreweard.] 

FORWARD (far'ward), a. 1. Near or at the 
forepart; advanced. 2. Ready; too ready; 
bold. 

FORWARD (far'ward), vt. [pr.p. FORWARD- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FORWARDED.] 1. Help 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch, 



FORWARDER 



507 



FOURTH 



onward; promote; hasten. 2. Send for- 
ward or on to the destination; transmit. 

FORWARDER (far'ward-er), n. 1. Promoter. 
2. Forwarding merchant or agent. 

FORWARDING (far'ward-ing), n. Act or busi- 
ness of sending forward merchandise, etc., 
for others. 

FORWARDLY (far'ward-li), adv. In a forward 
manner. 

FORWARDNESS (far'ward-nes), n. State of 
being forward. 

FOSS (fos), n. Artificial ditch, pond, moat, 
trench or canal. [L. fossa, trench.] 

FOSSIL (fos'il), 1. a. Dug out of the earth or 
rocks. II. n. 1. Form of plant or animal, oc- 
curring in stratified rocks. 2. Hot. Remains 
of plants or vegetable life converted into stone. 
[L. fossilis; from fodio, dig.] 

FOSSILIFEROUS (fos-il-if'er-us), a. Containing 
fossils. 

FOSSILIZE (fos'il-iz), v. [pr.p. FOSSILIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. FOSSILIZED (fos'il-Izd).] I. vt. 
Reduce to a fossil. II. vi. Be changed into 
a fossil. 

FOSTER (fos'ter), vt. [pr.p. FOS'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. FOSTERED (fos'terd).] Bring up; 
nurse; encourage. [A. S. fostrian — root of 
FOOD.] 

FOSTER-BROTHER (fos'ter-bru*fc-er), n. Male 
child, fostered or brought up with another of 
different parents. 

FOSTER-CHILD (fos'ter-child), n. Child nursed 
or brought up by one who is not its parent. 

FOUGHT (fat), v. Past tense and past participle 
of FIGHT. 

FOUL (fowl), I. a. 1. Filthy; loathsome; pro- 
fane; impure. 2. Stormy. 3. Unfair; run- 
ning against; entangled. II. n. Act of foul- 
ing, colliding, or otherwise impeding due mo- 
tion or progress; specifically, in a racing con- 
test, the impeding of a competitor by collision, 
jostling or the like; in baseball, a batted ball 
which first strikes the ground outside the lines 
drawn from the home base through the first 
and third bases. [A. S. ful.] 

FOUL (fowl), v. [pr.p. FOULING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOULED (fowld).] I. vt. 1. Soil or defile. 2. 
Come in collision with. 3. Baseball. Hit 
so as to make a foul. II. vi. 1. Become 
foul or dirty. 2. Come into collision, as 
two boats 3. Make a foul play or strike a 
foul blow. 

FOULARD (fo-lard'), n. Thin silk or silk and 
cotton dress goods. [Fr.] 

FOULLY (fowl'i), adv. In a foul manner. 

FOUL-MOUTHED (fowl'mowthd), a. Addicted 
to the use of foul or profane language. 

FOULNESS (fowl'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being foul. 

FOUND (fownd), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of FIND. 

FOUND (fownd), vt. [pr.p. FOUNDING; p.t. 
and p.p. FOUND'ED.] Lay the bottom or 



foundation of; establish on a basis ; originate; 

endow. [L. fundo; from fundus* bottom.] 
FOUND (fownd), vt. [pr.p. FOUND'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. FOUND'ED.] Form by melting and 

pouring into a mold; cast. [Fr. fondre; from 

L. fundo, pour.] 
FOUNDATION (fown-da'shun), n. 1. Act of 

founding. 2. Base of a building; ground- 
work or basis. 3. Permanent fund for the 

support of anything. 
FOUNDER (fownd'er), n. [fern. FOUNDRESS.] 

One who founds, establishes, or originates; 

endower. 
FOUNDER (fownd'er), n. One who melts and 

casts metal, as a brass founder. 
FOUNDER (fown'der), v. [pr.p. FOUN'DERING; 

p.t. and p.p. FOUNDERED (fown'derd).] I. 

vi. Go to the bottom; fill with water and sink. 

II. vt. Disable by injuring the feet, as of a 

horse. [Fr. fondre — fond; from L. fundus, 

bottom.] 
FOUNDING (fownd'ing), n. Metal-casting. 
FOUNDLING (fownd'ling), n. Little child found 

deserted. 
FOUNDR Y(fownd'ri), FOUNDER Y(fownd'er-I), 

n. 1. Art of founding or casting. 2. Place 

where founding is carried on. 
FOUNT (fownt), FOUNTAIN (fown'tan), n. 1. 

Spring of water, natural or artificial. 2. 

Structure for a jet of water. 3. Source 

of anything. (L. fons, fontis, spring; from 

fundo, pour.] 
FOUNTAINHEAD (fown'tan-hed), n. 1. Head 

or source of a fountain. 2. Beginning or 

source of anything. 
FOUNTAIN-PEN (f own 'tan-pen), n. Writing 

pen with a reservoir for furnishing a contin- 
uous supply of ink. 
FOUR (for), a. and n. Two and two. [A. S. 

feower.] 
FOURFOLD (for'fold), a. Folded four times; 

multiplied four times. 
FOUR-HANDED (for'hand-ed), a. 1. Zool. 

Quadrumanous, or supplied with four hands. 

2. Executed by four hands, as a duet or piece 

on the piano for four hands. 3. Played by 

four persons, as a four-handed game of cards 

or billiards. 
FOUR-IN-HAND (for 'in-hand), n. 1. Vehicle 

drawn by four horses under control of one 

driver. 2. Long necktie, which is passed 

round the neck and tied in form of a slipknot, 

with both ends pendent. 
FOURSCORE (for'skor), a. Four times a score — 

eighty. 
FOURSQUARE (for'skwar), a. Having four 

equal sides and angles; square. 
FOURTEEN (for'ten), I. a. Consisting of four 

and ten. II. n. Four and ten. 
FOURTEENTH (for'tenth), I. a. Fourth after 

the tenth. II. n. One of fourteen equal parts. 

[A. S. feowerteotha.] 
FOURTH (forth), I. a. Next after the third. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



FOURTHLY 



508 



FRANCE 



II. n. One of four equal parts. — The Fourth, 
in U. S., Independence Day, July 4th. [A. S. 
fedrtha.] 

FOURTHLY (forth'li), adv. In the fourth place. 

FOVEA (fo've-a), n. [pi. FOVE.E.] Bot. De- 
pression or pit on upper surface of leaf base in 
the genus Isoetes. [L.] 

FOVILLA (fo-vil'a), n. Bot. Contents of the 
pollen grain. [L. foveo, nourish.] 

FOWL (fowl), n. [pi. FOWL or FOWLS.] 1. 
Bird. 2. Bird of the barnyard or poultry 
kind; cock or hen. 3. Flesh of fowl. [A. S. 
fugol.] 

FOWL (fowl), vi. [pr.p. FOWLING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOWLED (fowld).] Kill fowls by shooting or 
snaring. 

FOWLER (fowl'er), n. Sportsman who takes wild 
fowl. 

FOWLING-PIECE (fowl'ing-pes), n. Light gun 
for small shot, used in hunting. 

FOX (foks), n. 1. Carnivorous animal of the 
dog family, noted for cunning. 2. One no- 
torious for cunning. 




Common Fox (Vulpes vulgaris). 

FOX (foks), v. [pr.p. FOX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FOXED (fokst).] I. vt. 1. Make sour. 2. 
Spot. II. vi. 1. Become sour. 2. Become 
spotted. 

FOXGLOVE (foks'gluv), n. Bot. Ornamental 
flower plant of a purple and white color, also 
known as Digitalis; especially Digitalis pur- 
purea. 

FOXY (foks'i), a. 1. Of or like foxes; cunning; 
crafty. 2. Having a reddish brown or fox- 
color. 

FOYER (fwa-ya'), n. Lobby in theaters, opera- 
houses, etc. [Fr.] 

FRACAS (fra'kas), n. Uproar; noisy quarrel. 
[Fr. fracasser, break.] 

FRACIDUS (fras'id-us), a. Bot. Over-ripe; ap- 
proaching rottenness. [L., soft, mellow.] 

FRACTION (frak'shun), n. 1. Fragment; very 
small piece. 2. Arith. One or more of the 
aliquot parts of a unit. 

FRACTIONAL (frak'shun-al), a. Belonging 
to or containing a fraction or fractions. 
— Fractional currency, the small coins or 
paper-money of lower value than the mone- 
tary unit of a country. 

FRACTIOUS (frak'shus), a. Ready to break out 
in a passion; cross. 

FRACTIOUSLY (frak'shus-li), adv. In a frac- 
tious manner. 



FRACTURE (frak'tur), n. Breakage; rupture of 
a solid body; breaking of a bone. 

FRACTURE (frak'tur), vt. [pr.p. FRACTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRACTURED (frak'turd).] Burst 
asunder; crack; break. 

FRAGILE (fraj'il), a. Easily broken; frail; deli- 
cate. [L. fragilis; from frango, break.] 

SYN. Brittle; weak; slight; frangible. 
ANT. Tough; hardy; stout; strong; sturdy. 

FRAGILITY (fra-jil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being fragile. 

FRAGMENT (frag'ment), n. Piece broken off; 
unfinished portion. [Fr. — L. fragmentum; 
from frango, break.] 

FRAGMENTARY (frag'men-ta-ri), a. Consist- 
ing of fragments or pieces; broken. 

FRAGRANCE (fra/grans), n. I. Pleasantness 
of smell or perfume. 2. Sweet or grateful 
influence. [L. fragrantia — fragrans, pr.p. of 
fragro, emit a sweet odor.] 

FRAGRANT (fra'grant), a. Having a pleasant 
odor or perfume. [L. fragrans; see FRA- 
GRANCE.] 

SYN. Aromatic; perfumed; spicy; odor- 
ous; balmy. ANT. Inodorous; malodor- 
ous; fetid. 

FRAGRANTLY (fra'grant'li), adv. In a fragrant 
manner. 

FRAIL (fral), n. 1. Rush, from which baskets 
are woven. 2. Basket woven of rushes. 
[O. Fr. fraiel — L. fraellum.] 

FRAIL (fral), a. Wanting in strength or firmness; 
weak. [Fr. frele — L. fragilis. See FRAGILE.] 

FRAILLY (fral'i), adv. In a frail or fragile 
manner. 

FRAILNESS (fral'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being frail. 

FRAILTY (fral'ti), n. [pi. FRAIL'TIES.] 1. Fra- 
gility. 2. Irresolution. 3. A failing; foible. 
SYN. Infirmity; peccadillo; weakness. 

FRAME (fram), vt. [pr.p. FRA'MING; p.f. 
and p.p. FRAMED (framd).] 1. Form; shape; 
construct by fitting the parts to each other. 2. 
Plan. 3. Put a border or frame on. [A. S. 
fremman, do, effect; from fram, bold, for- 
ward.] 

FRAME (fram), n. 1. Form; shape; constitu- 
tion; structure. 2. Skeleton; fabric. 3. 
Case made to inclose or support anything. 4. 
State; temper; mood. 

FRAME-HOUSE (fram'hows), n. House con- 
sisting of a framework of timber filled in with 
boards or shingles. 

FRAMER (fra'mer), n. One who frames. 

FRAMEWORK (fram'wurk), n. 1. Work that 
forms the frame. 2. Skeleton or outline. 

FRANC (frangk), n. French silver coin of the 
value of 19.3 cents, American money. [Fr., 
from the device Francorum rex, king of the 
French, on the coin when first struck by King 
John of England, in 1360.] 

FRANCE (frans), n. Republic, W. Europe. 
Area 207,107 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, bur*. 
u=u xn Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ' 






FRANCHISE 



509 



FRECKLE 



FRANCHISE (fran'chiz or fran'chiz), n. 1. Priv- 
ilege or right granted by municipalities to 
street railroad corporations, etc. 2. Right of 
voting. [Hr., from franc, franche, free.] 

FRANCISCAN (fran-sis'kan), I. a. Belonging 
to the order of mendicant friars founded by 
St. Francis of Assisi (1182-1226). II. n. Monk 
of this order. 

FRANCO- (frang'ko). Combining form meaning 
French or Frankish; pertaining to France or 
the French; as, Franco-German, Franco-Rus- 
sian, etc. 

FRANGIBLE (fran'ji-bl), a. Easily broken. 
[L. frango, break.] 

FRANGIBILITY (fran-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being frangible. 

FRANGULIN (frang'gu-lin), n. Bot. Yellow 
crystalline body from the alder-buckthorn 
(Bhamnus Frangula). 

FRANK (frangk), n. 1. Member of the ancient 
German tribe or aggregate of tribes which 
overthrew the Roman dominion in Gaul and 
gave origin to the name France. 2. Native 
of Franconia in S.W. Germany. 3. Name 
given by the Turks, Greeks, and Arabs to any 
of the inhabitants of the western parts of 
Europe, French, English, Italians, etc. 

FRANK (frangk), a. Candid in expression. [Fr. 
franc — O. Ger. frank, free-man.] 

SYN. Open; sincere; ingenuous; unre- 
served. ANT. Disingenuous; close; secre- 
tive; reserved. 

FRANK (frangk), n. 1. Letter sent by mail free 
of postage. 2. That which makes a letter 
free, as the signature of a person possessing 
the privilege. 3. Free transportation, as by 
an express company. 

FRANK (frangk), vt. [pr.p. FRANK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FRANKED (frangkt).] Send free by mail; 
obtain free transportation for, as by use of a 
frank or official signature. 

FRANKFORT (frangk'furt), n. Capital of Ken- 
tucky, on Kentucky river. 

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN, n. City in the 
Prussian province of Hesse-Nassau. 

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-ODER, n. Town in 
province of Brandenburg, Prussia. 

FRANKFURTER (frang'furt-er), n. A sausage 
made of different meats, highly seasoned. 
[From Frankfurt, Germany.] 

FRANKINCENSE (frangk'in-sens), n. Sweet- 
smelling resin issuing from a tree in Arabia, 
and used in sacrifices. [O. Fr. franc encens, 
pure incense.] 

FRANKLINITE (frangk'lin-it), n. Oxide of 
combined iron, manganese and zinc. 

FRANKLY (frangk'li), adv. In a frank manner; 
candidly. 

FRANKNESS (frangk'nes), n. Openness? can- 
dor. 

FRANTIC (fran'tik), a. Mad; fwrf^is; wild. 
[Fr. frenetique — Gr. phrenetikos, suffering 
from inflammation of the brain.] 



FRANTICALLY (fran'tik-al-i), FRANTICLY 
(fran'tik-li), adv. In a frantic manner. 

FRANZ-JOSEF LAND n. Archipelago in the 
Arctic Ocean, N. of Nova Zembla. 

FRAPPE(f rap-pa'), a. I. Made intensely cold by 
artificial freezing, as frappe wine. II. n. 
Frappe mixture. [Fr. frapper, strike.] 

FRATERNAL (fra-ter'nal), a. Belonging to a 
brother or brethren; becoming brothers. 
[L. fraternalis — frater, brother.] 

FRATERNALLY (fra-ter'nal-i), adv. In a fra- 
ternal manner. 

FRATERNITY (fra-ter'ni-ti), n. [pi. FRATER'- 
NITIES.] 1. State of being brethern. 2. 
Society formed on a principle of brotherhood. 
[L. fraternitasJ] 

FRATERNIZATION (frat-er-ni-za'shun), n. Act 
of fraternizing. 

FRATERNIZE (frat'er-niz), vi. [pr.p. FRAT'- 
ERNIZING; p.t. and p.p. FRATERNIZED 
(frat'er-nizd).] 1. Associate as brothers. 2. 
Seek brotherly fellowship. 

FRATRICIDAL (frat'ri-si-dal), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or guilty of, fratricide. 

FRATRICIDE (frat'ri-sid), n. One who kills 
his brother. [Fr. — L. frater and caedo, kill.] 

FRAUD (frad), n. 1. Deceit. 2. Deceptive 
trick. 3. Trickster. [L. fraus, fraudis.] 
SYN. Deception; imposture; craft; im- 
position; sham. ANT. Honesty; fairness; 
integrity. 

FRAUDULENCE (frad'u-lens), n. Quality of 
being fraudulent. 

FRAUDULENT (frad'u-lent), a. 1. Using or 
practicing fraud. 2. Characterized by fraud. 

FRAUDULENTLY (frad'u-lent-li), adv. In a 
fraudulent manner. 

FRAUGHT (frat), a. Freighted; laden; filled. 
[Sw. frakta, load.] 

FRAXIN (fraks'in), n. BoU Principal ingre- 
dient in the bark of the ash-tree (Fraxinus ex- 
celsior). 

FRAY (fra), n. Affray. 

FRAY (fra), vt. [pr.p. FRAY'ING; p.p. and p.t. 
FRAYED (frad).] Wear off by rubbing; ravel. 
[Fr. frayer — L. frico, rub.] 

FRAZZLE (fraz'l), v. [pr.p. FRAZ'ZLING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRAZZLED (fraz'ld).] I. vt. 
Reduce to tatters; fray or fret; wear out. II. 
vi. Fray out; ravel; become frayed. [Doub- 
let Of FRIZZLE.] 

FRAZZLE (fraz'l), n. 1. State of being frayed 
or frazzled. 2. Tatters. 3. Raveled, frayed, 
or ragged edge. 4. Finish, as beaten to a 
frazzle. 

FREAK (frek), n. 1. Sudden caprice or fancy. 
2. Monstrosity; sport; monster. [A. S. free, 
bold, rash.] 

SYN. Folly; whim; prank; caper; antic. 

FREAKISH (frek'ish), a. 1. Apt to change the 
mind suddenly. 2. Capricious. 

FRECKLE (frek'l), n. Yellowish spot on the 
skin; any small spot. [Ice. freknur, spots.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh—ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



FRECKLE 



510 



FRENZY 



FRECKLE (frek'l), v. [pr.p. FRECKLING; p.t. 
and p.p. FRECKLED (frek'ld).] I. vt. Mark 
with freckles. II. vi. Recome marked with 
freckles. 

FRECKLED (frek'ld), FRECKLT (frek'li), a. 
3Iarked with freckles. 

FREDERICKSBURG (fred'er-iks-burg), n. City, 
Virginia, on Rappahannock River. 

FREE (fre), a. 1. Not hound; at liberty; not 
under arbitrary government; set at liberty. 2. 
Guiltless. 3. Frank. 4. Lavish. 5. Not 
attached. 6. Exempt (followed by from). 
7. Gratuitous. 8. Idiomatic, as a transla- 
tion. [A. S. freo.] 

SYN. Unhindered; unconditional; open; 
unobstructed. ANT. Obstructed; clogged; 
bound; confined; restrained. 

FREE (fre), vt. [pr.p. FREEING; p.t. and p.p. 
FREED (fred).] 1. Set at liberty. 2. Deliver 
from what confines. 3. Rid or relieve. 

FREE-AGENCY (fre'a-jen-si), n. State or 
power of acting freely or without necessity 
or constraint upon the will. 

FREEBOOTER (fre'bot-er), n. One who roves 
about freely in search of booty; plunderer. 
[See BOOTY.] 

FREEDMAN (fred'man), n. [pi. FREED'MEN.J 
One who has been a slave, and has been freed 
or set free. 

FREED031 (fre'dum),n. 1. Liberty. 2. Frank- 
ness. 3. Privileges connected with a citizen- 
ship. 4. Improper familiarity; license. 

FREE-HAND (fre'hand), a. Term applied to 
drawing, m which the hand is not assisted by 
any guiding or measuring instruments, such 
as compasses, rulers, scales, etc. 

FREE-HANDED (fre'hand-ed), a. Open-handed; 
liberal. 

FREE-HEARTED (fre'hart-ed), a. Open-heart- 
ed; liberal. 

FREEHOLD (fre'hold), n. Property in Great 
Britain and Ireland held free of duty except 
to the sovereign. 

FREEHOLDER (fre'hold-er), n. One who pos- 
sesses a freehold. 

FREE-LANCE (fre'lans), n. 1. One of a com- 
pany of armed men who in the middle ages 
sold their services to fight on any side in a 
quarrel. 2. One who takes a side in any 
controversy on his own account and not as a 
pledged partisan; one who uses great freedom 
In speech or writing. 

FREELY (fre'li), adv. Without restraint or hin- 
drance. 

FREEMAN (fre'man), n. [pi. FREEMEN.] 1. 
Man who is free or enjoys liberty. 2. One 
who holds a particular franchise or privi- 

FREEMASON (fre'ma-sn), n. Member of an 
ancient and secret fraternity, said to have 
originated in the middle ages, and been first 
composed of certain privileged guilds of ma- 
sons or builders in stone, but now consisting 



of persons who are united for social enjoy- 
ment and mutual assistance. 

FREEMASONRY (fre'ma-sn-ri), n. 1. Institu- 
tions, tenets and practices of freemasons. 2. 
Brotherhood. 

FREESTONE (fre'stdn), n. 1. Stone composed 
of sand or grit. 2. Peach or other fruit, the 
flesh of which does not cling to the stone 
when ripe. 

FREETHINKER (fre'thingk-er), n. One who 
professes to think independently of revelation 
or church authority. 

FREE TRADE (fre trad). Free interchange of 
commodities, without any customhouse duties, 
except such as are necessary for revenues and 
police services. 

FREE-WILL (fre'wil), I. n. Freedom of the 
will from restraint; liberty of choice. II. a. 
Spontaneous. 

FREEZE (frez), v. [pr.p. FREEZ'ING; p.t. 
FROZE (froz) ; p.p. FROZEN (frd'zn).] I. vi. 
Become ice or like a solid body. II. vt. Harden 
into ice ; cause to shiver as with terror. [A. S. 
freosan.] 

FREIGHT (frat), n. 1. Lading or cargo, espe- 
cially of a ship. 2. Merchandise, live stock 
and produce, transported by public carriers 
otherwise than by express. 3. Charge for 
transporting goods as freight by water or by 
rail. [From FRAUGHT.] 

FREIGHT (frat), vt. [pr.p. FREIGHTING; p.t. 
and p.p. FREIGHT'ED.] 1. Load for trans- 
portation, as a ship or railway car. 2. Hire 
or charter for the transportation, of goods. 
3. Load or burden, as with a cargo. 4. 
Ship or transport as freight, as to freight cat- 
tle. 

FREIGHTAGE (frat'aj), n. 1. 3Ioney paid for 
freight. 2. Cargo; freight. 3. Transpor- 
tation of freight. 

FREIGHT-CAR (frat'kar), n. Railway car for 
carrying merchandise as freight. 

FREIGHTER (frat'er), n. 1. Vessel that carries 
freight. 2. One who freights a vessel. 3. 
One who sends merchandise by freight; 
shipper. 

FREIGHT-TRAIN (frat'tran), 
freight-cars ; called goods 
train in England. 

FRENCH (french), I. a. Be- 
longing to the people of 
France. II. n. 1. Lan- 
guage of France. 2. Peo- 
ple of France. 

FRENCHING (french'ing), n. 
Bot. Disease caused by 
Fusarium vasinfectum in 
the leaf of the cotton plant. 

Frenchman (frenchman), 

n. [pi. FRENCH 'MEN.J Na- 
tive of France. 
FRENZIED (fren'zid), a. Affected with frenzy, 
FRENZY (fren'zi), n. [pi. FREN'ZIES.] Violent 



Train 




Victor Hugo, 
French novelist 
and poet. Born, 
1802— died, 1885. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf- mute hut burs. 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. * ' 






FREQUENCY 



511 



FRIENDLY 



excitement approaching to madness; mania. 
[Gr. phrenitis, inflammation of the brain.] 

FREQUENCY (frl'kwen-si), n. 1. Quality of 
occurring frequently. 2. Periodicity. 

FREQUENT (fre'kwent), a. Coming or occur- 
ring often. [L. frequens, frequentis, frequent.] 

FREQUENT (fre-kwenf), vt. [pr.p. FRE- 
QUENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. FREQUENTED.] 
Visit often. 

FREQUENT ATION (fre-kwen-ta'shun), n. Act 
of frequenting or visiting often. 

FREQUENTATIVE (fre-kwen'ta-tiv), I. a. 
Gram. Denoting the frequent repetition of an 
action. II. n. Gram. Verb expressing this 
repetition. 

FREQUENTER (fre-kwent'er), n. One who 
frequents or habitually visits; habitue. 

FREQUENTLY (fre'kwent-li), adv. At frequent 
intervals; often. 

FREQUENTNESS (fre'kwent-nes), n. Fre- 
quency. 

FRESCO (fres'ko), n. [pi. FRESCOS (fres'koz) 
or FRESCOES (fres'koz).] Painting executed 
on plaster or mortar while wet or fresh. [It.] 

FRESCO (fres'ko), vt. [pr.p. FRES'COING; p.t. 
and p.p. FRESCOED (fres'kod).] Paint in 
fresco. 

FRESH (fresh), a. 1. In a state of activity and 
health; new and strong; recently produced or 
obtained. 2. Untried. 3. Having renewed 
vigor. 4. Not salt. [A. S. fersc] 

FRESHEN (fresh'n), v. [pr.p. FRESHENING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRESHENED (fresh'nd).] I. vt. 
Make fresh; take the saltness from. II. vi. 
Grow fresh; grow brisk or strong. 

FRESHET (fresh'et), n. Sudden overflow of a 
river from rain or melted snow. 

FRESHMAN (fresh'man), n. [pi. FRESHMEN.] 
One in the rudiments of knowledge, especially 
a university student in his first year. 

FRET (fret), v. [pr.p. FRET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
FRET'TED.] I. vt. 1. Wear away by rub- 
bing. 2. Eat into. 3. Vex. II. vi. 1. 
Wear away. 2. Vex one's self. 3. Re pee- 
vish. [A. S. fretan, eat.] 

FRET (fret), n. 1. Act or process of fretting. 2. 
Abrasion or corrosion. 3. An agitation of 
the surface of a fluid. 4. State of chafing 
or vexation. 5. Pathol. Herpes or tetter. 

ment con- 1 

sisting of SE5B5E515E5BlBga5S51 

small fillets — — 

intersecting 

each other at right angles. [O. Fr. frete, 

trellis-work.] 
FRET (fret), vt. [pr.p. FRET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

FRET'TED.] 1. Ornament with fret or 

raised work. 2. Variegate. 
FRET (fret), n. Short wire or bar on the fingftB- 

board of a guitar or other instrument. [Probt 

from O. Fr. frete, ferrule.] 



Grecian Frets. 
angles. [O. Fr. 



FRETFUL (fret'fol), a. Peevish. 
SYN. See CROSS. 

FRETFULLY (fret'fol-i), adv. In a fretful or 
peevish manner. 

FRET-SAW (fret'sa), n. Scroll-saw. 

FRETTED (fret'ed), o. Ornamented with 
frets. 

FRETWORK (fret'wurk), n. Work adorned 
with frets or perforated. 

FrEY (fri), n. Norse Myth. God of the earth's 
fruitfulness; son of Njord. 

FREYA (fri'a), n. Norse Myth. Sister of Frey; 
goddess of fruitfulness and love; her chariot 
was drawn by two cats; those slain in battle 
belonged to her. 

FRIABILITY (fri-a-bil'i-ti), FRIABLENESS 
(fri'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
friable. 

FRIABLE (fri'a-bl), a. Easily reduced to powder. 
L. friabilis — frio, rub.] 

FRIAR (fri'ar), n. Member of one of the four 
mendicant orders: Gray Friars, or Francis- 
cans; Augustinians ; Black Friars or Domini- 
cans; White Friars or Carmelites. [Fr. frere 
— L. ] rater, brother.] 

FRIARY (fri'ar-i), n. Monastery or residence 
of friars. 

FRIBBLE (frib'l), vi. [pr.p. FRIB'BLING; p.t. 
and p.p. FRIBBLED (frib'ld).] Act frivolously; 
trifle. [From FRIVOLOUS.] 

FRIBBLE (frib'l), n. 1. Trifler. 2. Trifle. 

FRICASSEE (frik-as-se'), n. Dish made of rab- 
bit, veal, chicken, or other meat, cut into 
pieces and cooked in sauce. [Fr.] 

FRICASSEE (frik-as-se), vt. [pr.p. FRICAS- 
SEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. FRICASSEED (frik-as- 
sed').] Make into a fricassee. 

FRICTION (frik'shunV n. 1. Act of rubbing 
the surface of on# body against that of an- 
other; attrition. 2. Mech. Effect of rubbing; 
resistances which a moving body meets with 
from the surface on which it moves. 3. Lack 
of harmony. [L. frico, rub.] 

FRICTIONAL (frik'shun-al), a. Relating to, 
moved by, or produced by, friction. 

FRIDAY (frl'da), n. Sixth day of the week. 
[A. S. Frigedaeg — Frigu, the wife of the god 
Odin, and dmg, day.] 

FRIED (frid), v. Past tense and past participle of 
FRY. 

FRIEND (frend), n. 1. One loving or attached 
to another; intimate acquaintance; favorer. 
2. One not an enemy; one of the same party, 
or nation. 3. [F-] Member of the Society of 
Friends, a community of Christians distin- 
guished for their plainness of speech and 
manner; Quaker. [A. S. freond, pr.p. of 
freon, love.] 

FRIENDLINESS (frend'li-nes), «. Disposition 
to be friendly. 

FRIENDLY (frend'li), a. 1. Like a friend. 2. 
Having the disposition of a friend. 3. Fa- 
vorable. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met her; mite mit; note ^t move wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
' \i- u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in bcotcn locn. 



FRIENDSHIP 



512 



FROCKED 



ANT. Hostile; 




Friesian Woman. 




Frigate. 



SYN. Kindly; amicable, 
inimical. 
FRIENDSHIP (frend'skip), n. Attachment from 
mutual esteem; friendly assistance. 

Friese (frez), Friesian 

(fre'zi-an), FRISIAN 
(friz'i-an), n. Native or 
inhabitant of Friesland. 
FRIEZE (frez), n. Coarse 
woolen cloth with a nap 
on one side. [Fr. frise; 
prob. fromDut. Vriesland, 
Friesland, whence the 
cloth came.] 
FRIEZE (frez), n. Arch. 
Part of the entablature 
of a column between the 

architrave and cornice, often ornamented with 
figures. [Etym. doubtful.] 
FRIGATE (frig'at), n. Quick- 
sailing ship-of-war of sec- 
ond-rate power. [It. fregata 
— L. fabricata, built.] 
FRIGATE-RIRD (frig'at- 
berd), n. Large tropical 
sea-bird, with very long 
wings, probably named 
from its rapid flight. 
FRIGHT (frit), n. 1. Sud- 
den fear. 2. Shocking sight. 
[A. S. fyrhtu.] 

SYN. Alarm; dismay; consternation; 
terror; affright; apprehension; timidity. 
ANT. Confidence; security; quiet. 
FRIGHTEN (frit'n), vt. [pr.p. FRIGHTENING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRIGHTENED (frit'nd).] Make 
afraid; alarm suddenly; scare. 
FRIGHTFUL (frit'fol), a. Causing or inspiring 
fright; terrible; shocking. 

SYN. Dreadful; fearful; horrible. ANT. 
Pleasing; lovely. 
FRIGHTFULLY (frit'fol-i), adv. In a frightful 

manner. 
FRIGID (frij'id), a. 1. Frozen or stiffened with 
cold; cold; icy; wintry, as the frigid zone. 2. 
Without spirit or feeling; unanimated. 3. 
Forbidding in manner; chilling; impassive. 
[L. frigidus — frigus, cold.] 
FRIGIDITY (fri-jid'i-ti), n. State of being frigid. 
FRIGIDLY (frij'id-li), adv. In a frigid manner. 
FRIGIDNESS (frij'id-nes), n. Frigidity. 
FRIGORIFIC (frig-o-rif'ik), a. Causing cold. 

[L. frigus, cold, and facio, make.] 
FRILL (fril), v. [pr.p. FRILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FRILLED (frild).] I. vi. Ruffle, as a hawk's 
feathers, when shivering. II. vt. 1. Furnish 
with a frill. 2. Form into a frill. [O. Fr. 
fritter, shiver.] 
FRILL (fril), n. Ruffle; ruffled or crimped edg- 
ing of linen; ruffle of feathers, hair, etc. 
FRINGE (frinj), n. Loose threads or strips form- 
ing a border; extremity. [Fr. f range — L. 
fimbria, threads, fibers.] 



FRINGE (frinj), vt. [pr.p. FRIN'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. FRINGED (frinjd).] Adorn with fringe; 
border. 
FRINGY (frin'ji), a. Ornamented with fringes. 
FRIPPERY (frip'er-i), n. Worn-out clothes; 
dowdy finery; useless trifles. [Fr. friperie — 
f ripper, waste.] 
FRISEUR (fre-zur'), n. Hairdresser. [Fr.] 
FRISIAN (friz'i-an), n. Inhabitant or native of 

Friesland. 
FRISK (frisk), n. Fit of wanton gaiety; gam- 
bol; frolic. [Fr. frisque.] 
FRISK (frisk), vi. [pr.p. FRISK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FRISKED (friskt).] Skip about play- 
fully; gambol; frolic. 
FRISKILY (frisk'i-li), adv. In a frisky manner. 
FRISKINESS (frisk'i-nes), n. Quality of being 

frisky. 
FRISKY (frisk'i), a. Lively; frolicsome. 
FRITH (frith), FIRTH (ferth), n. 1. Narrow 
arm of the sea; an estuary. 2. Opening of a 
river into the sea. [Ice. fjbrthr; Norw. fjord."] 
FRITTER (frit'er), n. 1. Piece of meat fried. 
2. Kind of cake fried in hot lard. 3. Frag- 
ment. [O. Fr. friture, a frying; from L. 
frictus, p.p. of frigo, fry.] 
FRITTER (frit'er), vt. [pr.p. FRIT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRITTERED (frit'erd).] 1. Rreak 
or cut into fragments. 2. Waste by degrees. 
FRIVOLITY (friv-ol'i-ti), n. [pi. FRIVOL'I- 
TIES.] Act or habit of trifling; unbecom- 
ing levity. 
FRIVOLOUS (friv'o-lus), a. Trifling; slight; 

silly. [L. frivolus.] 
FRIVOLOUSLY (friv'o-lus-li), adv. In a frivo- 
lous manner. 
FRIVOLOUSNESS (friv'o-lus-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being frivolous. 
FRIZZ, FRIZ (friz), vt. [pr.p. FRIZZ'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. FRIZZED (frizd).] Crimp; curl. 
[O. Fr. friser, curl.] 
FRIZZ, FRIZ (friz), n. Anything frizzed; curl; 

crimp. 
FRIZZLE (friz'l), vt. [pr.p. FRIZ'ZLING; p.t. 
and p.p. FRIZZLED (friz'ld).] 1. Form in 
small short curls. 2. Crisp or curl in cooking. 
— Frizzled beef, thin slices of dried beef 
crisped over a fire. [Dim. of FRIZZ.] 
FRIZZLE (friz'l), n. Small curl or crimp of hair. 
FRO (fro), adv. From; back; backward. [Short- 
ened form of FROM; or directly derived from 
Ice. frd, from.] 
FROCK (frok), n. 1. Monk's outer garment, 
girded and with a hood. 2. Loose outer 
garment; smock frock; gown. 3. Woman's 
or girl's outer gown or dress. [Fr. froc, a 
monk's cowl — L. floccus, wool.] 
FROCK (frok), vt. [pr.p. FROCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FROCKED (frokt).] 1. Furnish with a 
frock. 2. Invest with priestly office. 
FROCK-COAT (frok'kot), n. Double-breasted, 

full-skirted coat for men. 
FROCKED (frokt), o. Clothed in a frock. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 






FROG 



513 



FROWN 



FROG (frog), n. 1. Amphibious animal having 
four legs with four toes on the fore feet and five 
on the hind, more or less webbed, a naked 
body, no ribs, and no tail. 2. Tender tri- 
angular growth in the middle of the sole of a 
horse's foot. 3. Triangular support or 
crossing plate of a railway track, where one 
line branches off from another or crosses it at 
an oblique angle. [A. S. frogga.] 




American frog (Rana sylvatica). 

FROG (frog), n. 1. Fastening for a frock or 
gown, generally in the form of a tassel, or 
spindle-shaped button covered with silk or 
other materal, which is passed through a loop. 
2. Loop of a sword or bayonet scabbard. 
[Pg. froco — L. floccuSt tuft of wool.] 

FROLIC (frol'ik), I. a. Merry; pranky. II. n. 
1. Wild prank. 2. Merrymaking. [Dut. 
vrolyk, merry.] 

FROLIC (frol'ik), vi. [pr.p. FROL'ICKING; p.t. 
and p.p. FROLICKED (frol'ikt).] Engage in 
fun or merrymaking ; sport ; frisk. 

FROLICSOME (frol'ik-sum), a. Gay; frisky; 
sportive. 

FROLICSOMENESS (frol'ik-sum-nes), n. 
Quality of being frolicsome. 

FROM (from), prep. 1. Out of the neighborhood 
of; lessening or losing proximity to; leaving 
behind. 2. Beginning at; starting at. 3. 
By reason of; out of; by aid of. [A. S.] 

FROND (frond), n. Leafy branch or stalk; combi- 
nation of stem and leaf, as in the fern. [L. 
frons, frondis, leaf.] 

FRONDESCENCE (fron-des'ens), n. 1. Bursting 
into leaf. 2. Time when leaves unfold. 

FRONT (frunt), I. n. 1. Forehead; face. 2. 
Forepart; most conspicuous part. 3. Bold- 
ness; impudence, II. a. Of, relating to, or 
in, the front. [L. frons, frontis, forehead.] 

FRONT (frunt), v. [pr.p. FRONT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. FRONT'ED.] I. vt. Be in front of or 
opposite; oppose face to face. II. vi. Stand 
in front or foremost; turn the front or face. 

FRONTAGE (frunt'aj), n. Front linear extent of 
a building or lot. 

FRONTAL (fron'tal), I. a. Of, or belonging to, 
the front or forehead. II. n. 1. Front piece ; 
something worn on the forehead or face. 2. 
Arch. Pediment over a door or window. 

FRONTIER (frun'ter or frun-ter'), I. n. 1. That 
part of a country which fronts or faces another 
country; border. 2. Confines of civilization. 



II. a. Of, or pertaining to, or acquired on, a 
frontier. [Fr. frontiere, border.] 

FRONTISPIECE (frun'tis-pSs), n. Figure or en- 
graving in front of a book. [L. frons, front, 
and specio, see.] 

FRONTLET (frunt'let), n. 1. Frontal; brow- 
band. 2. Margin of the head behind the bill 
of birds, generally clothed with rigid bristles. 

FROST (frast), n. 1. Temperature at which 
water freezes. 2. Frozen dew, also called 
hoar-frost. [A. S. frost; from freosan, freeze.] 

FROST (frast), vt. [pr.p. FROSTING; p.t. and 
p.p. FROST'ED.] 1. Cover with frost or with 
anything resembling hoar-frost. 2. Injure 
by frost-bite. 

FROST-BITE (frast'bit), n. Freezing or depres- 
sion of vitality in a part of the body by expo- 
sure to cold. 

FROST-BITTEN (frast'bit-en), a. Affected by 
frost. 

FROSTILY (frast'i-li), adv. In a frosty manner. 

FROSTINESS (frast'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being frosty. 

FROSTING (frast'ing), n. 1. Composition, re- 
sembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake, etc. 
etc. 2. Dull ice-like finish of a glass or metal 
surface. 

FROST-WORK (frast'wurk), n. Work resem- 
bling hoar-frost on shrubs, or frost from con- 
densation of warm air on window panes. 

FROSTY (frast'i), a. 1. Producing or containing 
frost. 2. Chill in affection. 3. Frost-like. 

FROTH (frath), n. 1. Foam on liquids caused 
by boiling, agitation, fermentation, etc. 2. 
Empty show in speech. 3. Any light matter. 
[Ice. frodha.] 

FROTH (frath), v. [pr.p. FROTHING; p.t. and 
p.p. FROTHED (frathd).] I. vt. 1. Cause 
froth to appear on; make foam. 2. Cover 
with froth. 3. Give vent to ; spit out. II. vi. 
1. Form froth. 2. Give vent to empty words. 

FROTHILY (frath'i-li), adv. In a frothy manner. 

FROTHINESS (frath'i-nes), «. Quality or state 
of being frothy. 

FROTHY (frath'i), a. [comp. FROTH'IER; 
superl. FROTH'IEST.] Full of froth or foam; 
hence, empty; unsubstantial. 

FROU-FROU (fro'fro), n. Rustling, especially 
of silk garments. [Fr.] 

FROUZY, a. See FROWZY. 

FROW (frow), n. Woman; wife. [Dut. vrouw.] 

FROW (frow), w. Wedge-shaped cleaving tool 
used by coopers. [Etym doubtful.] 

FRO WARD (fro 'ward), a. Self-willed; perverse; 
unreasonable. [A. S. from, away, averse, 
and -weard, -ward.] 

SYN. Contrary; wayward; refractory. 
ANT. Favorable; docile; amenable. 

FROWARDLY (fro'ward-li), adv. In a froward 
manner. 

FROWARDNESS (fro'ward-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being froward. 

FROWN (frown), v. [pr.p. FROWNING; p.t. 



Rite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mate, hut. burn, 
" u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



FROWN 



514 



FUGITIVE 



and p.p. FROWNED (frownd).] I. vi. Wrin- 
kle the brow, as in anger; look angry. II. vt. 
Repel or drive by a frown. [O. Fr. froignicr, 
knit the brow.] 

FROWN (frown), n. Contraction of the brow 
in displeasure, etc.; stern look; scowl. 

FROWZILY (frow'zi-li), adv. In a frowzy 
manner. 

FROWZINESS (frow'zi-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being frowzy. 

FROWZY (frow'zi), a. [comp. FROWZIER; 
superl. FROWZIEST.] Slovenly; untidy; un- 
kempt. [Etym. doubtful.] 

FROZEN (fro'zn), v. Past participle of FREEZE. 

FRUCTIFICATION (fruk-ti-fi-ka/shun), n. 1. 
Act of fructifying, or producing fruit. 2. All 
the parts that compose the flower and fruit. 

FRUCTIFY (fruk'ti-fi), v. [pr.p. FRUCTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. FRUCTIFIED (fruk'ti-fid).j I. vt. 
3Iake fruitful; fertilize. II. vi. Rear fruit. 
[L. fructifico — fructus, fruit, and facio, make.] 

FRUGAL (fro'gal), a. 1. Sparing; saving; plain; 
inexpensive. 2. Economical in the use of 
means; thrifty. [L. frugalis — frux, fruit.] 
SYN. Saving; sparing; penurious; par- 
simonious; niggardly; miserly. ANT. Pro- 
fuse; luxurious; extravagant; prodigal. 

FRUGALITY (fro-gali-ti), n. [pi. FRUGALI- 
TIES.] Quality of being frugal; economy; 
thrift. 

FRUGIFEROUS (fro-jif'er-us), a. Fruit-bearing. 
[L. frux, fruit, and fero, bear.] 

FRUGIVOROUS (fro-jiv'o-rus), a. Feeding on 
fruits. [L. frux, fruit, and voro, eat.] 

FRUIT (frot), n. 1. Produce of the earth, which 
supplies the wants of men and animals. 2. 
Part of a plant which contains the seed. 3. 
Offspring; product; consequence; effect; ad- 
vantage. [O. Fr. fruict — L. fructus — fruor, 
enjoy.] 

FRUITAGE (frot'aj), n. Fruit collectively; 
iruits. 

FRUITERER (frot'er-er), n. One who deals in 
fruit. 

FRUITFUL (frot/fQl), a. Producing fruit abun- 
dantly; productive. 

SYN. Prolific; pregnant; causative; ef- 
fective; successful. ANT. Unproductive; 
sterile; barren; fruitless; ineffectual; abor- 
tive; useless. 

FRUITFULLY (frot'fol-i), adv. In a fruitful 
manner. 

FRUITFULNESS (frot'fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being fruitful. 

FRUITION (fro-ish'un), n. Enjoyment; satis- 
factory use or possession of anything, espe- 
cially accompanied with pleasure. [O. Fr. 
fruition — L. fruor, enjoy.] 

FRUITLESS (frot'les), a. 1. Without fruit; 
barren. 2. Useless; vain. 

FRUMP (frump), n. 1. Taunt; jeer. 2. Disa- 
greeable, ill-tempered, dowdy woman or girl. 
[Etym. obscure.] 



FRUSTRATE (frus'trat), vt. [pr.p. FRUSTRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. FRUSTRATED.] 3Iake 
vain or of no effect; bring to nothing; defeat. 
[L. frustra, in vain — fraus, fraud.] 

SYN. Raffle; balk; foil; thwart. ANT. 
Aid; abet; enforce; assist; promote; ad- 
vance. 

FRUSTRATION (frus-tra'shun), n. Act of frus- 
trating; defeat. 

FRUSTUM (frus'tum), n. 1. Part of a cone, 
pyramid, etc., which remains when the top is 
cut off by a plane parallel to the base. 2. Any 
remainder. [L. frustum, fragment.] 

FRY (fri), v. [pr.p. FRYING; p.t. and p.p. 
FRIED (frid).] I. vt. Cook (food) with oil or 
fat in a pan over the fire. II. vi. Undergo 
the action of heat in a frying-pan; simmer. 
[Fr. frire — L. frigo, fry.] 

FRY (fri), n. [pi. FRIES (friz).] 1. Dish of 
anything fried. 2. State of ferment or agita- 
tion. 

FRY (fri), n. sing, and pi. 1. Swarm of fishes 
just spawned. 2. Seed; offspring; number of 
small things. [Fr. frai, spawn.] 

Fuchsia (fu'sm-a), «. 

Hot. 1. Genus of plants 
with long pendulous 
flowers, originally na- 
tives of S. America. 2. 
[f-] Plant of this genus. 
[Named after Leonard 
Fuehs, a German bota- 
nist.] 

FUCHSINE (fok'sin), n. 
Reautiful aniline color; 
magenta. [From resem- 
bling the fuchsia in color.] 

FUDDLE (fud'l), v. [pr.p. 

FUDDLING; p.t. and p.p. FUDDLED (fud'ld).] 

1. vt. Stupefy with drink; intoxicate. II. vi. 
Recome intoxicated. [Etym. doubtful.] 

FUDDLE (fud'l), n. Intoxication. 

FUDGE (fuj), I. n. 1. Nonsense. 2. Special 
kind of home-made candy. 3. Print. Type 
forms used for getting up special or extra 
editions of daily papers and usually printed in 
colors in space left for the purpose in regu- 
lar editions. II. inter j. Expressive of disdain 
or contempt. 

FUDGE (fuj), v. [pr.p. FUDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUDGED (fujd).] I. vt. Dungle. II. vi. 1. 
Slight one's work. 2. Take unfair advantage. 

FuEGIAN (fu-e'ji-an), I. a. Relonging to 
Tierra del Fuego. II. n. Native or inhabi- 
tant of Tierra del Fuego. 

FUEL (fuel), n. 1. Anything that feeds a fire. 

2. Whatever supports heat, excitement, or 
energy. [O. Fr. fouailles — L. L. focale — L. 
focus, fireplace.] 

FUGITIVE (fu'ji-tiv), I. a. Apt to flee away; 
uncertain; volatile; perishable; temporary. 
II. n. One who flees from duty, danger or 
restraint. [L. fugitivus — fugio, flee.] 




Fuchsia (F. macro- 
stemma). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



FUGITIVELY 



515 



FUMIGATION 



In a fugitive 



Quality of 



FtTGITIVELY (fu'ji-tiv-li), adv. 
manner. 

FUGrTIVENESS (fu'ji-tiv-nes), 
being fugitive. 

FUGLEMAN (fu'gl-man), n. [pi. FUGLEMEN.] 
1. File-leader. 2. Ringleader. [Ger. flue- 
gelmann.] 

FUGUE (fug), n. Music. Composition in which 
several themes follow one another at certain 
intervals. [Fr. — L. fuga, flight.] 

-FUL, suffix. 1. Full of. 2. As much as will 
fill. 

FULCRUM (fui'krum), n. [pi. FUL'CRUMS or 
FUL'CRA.] 1. Prop or fixed point on which 
a lever moves. 2. Prop; support. [L.] 

FULFILL, FULFIL (fQl-fil'), vt. [pr.p. FULFIL'- 
LING; p.U and p.p. FULFILLED (fQl-fild').] 
Complete; accomplish; carry into effect. 

FULFILLMENT (fQl-fll'ment), n. Full perform- 
ance; completion; accomplishment. 

FtTLGENCY (ful'jen-si), n. State of being ful- 
gent. 

FULGENT (ful'jent), a. Bright; dazzling. [L. 
fulgeo, flash.] 

FULGURITE (ful'gfl-rlt), n. 1. A powerful ex- 
plosive containing nitroglycerine. 2. Fusion 
of sand or rock into glass of tubular form by 
passage of lightning flash. 

FULL (fQl), vt. {pr.p. FULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FULLED.] 1. Press or pound, as cloth in a 
mill. 2. Scour and thicken in a mill. [Fr. 
fouller, stamp, tread — L. fullo, cloth-fuller.] 

FULL (fQl), I. a. 1. Having all anything can 
contain; having no empty space. 2. Abun- 
dantly supplied or furnished. 3. Abounding. 
4. Containing the whole matter; complete; 
perfect. 5. Strong; clear. II. n. 1. Complete 
measure. 2. Highest degree. 3. Whole. 
4. Time of full-moon. III. adv. Quite; to 
the same degree; with the whole effect; com- 
pletely. [A. S. full.] 

FULLER (fol'er), w. Bleacher or cleanser of 
cloth. — Fullers 1 earth, soft earth or clay, 
capable of absorbing grease, used in fulling. 
[L. fullo.] 

FULLNESS, FULNESS (fol'nes), n. State or 
quality of being full. 

FULL-ORBED (fol'arbd), a. Having the orb 
or disk fully illuminated, as the full-moon? 
round. 

FULLY (fol/i), 
adv. Abso- 
lutely; com- 
pletely; en- 
tirely. 



FULMAR (fQl'- 
mar),n. Large l! 
petrel, of the ^ 
genus Procel- 
laria, inhab- 
iting the arc- 
tic seas. 

FULMINANT (ful'mi-nant), I. a 




Fulmar (Procellaria glacialis). 
Fulminating. 



II. n. That which fulminates; explosive. [L. 
fulminans, pr.p. of fulmino, lighten; from 
fulgeo, flash.] 

FULMINATE (ful'mi-nat), v. [pr.p. FULMI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. FULMINATED.] I. 
vi. 1. Thunder; make a loud noise. 2. Issue 
decrees with violence. 3. Become suddenly 
bright. II. vt. 1. Cause to explode. 2. 
Send forth, as a denunciation. [L. fulmina- 
tus, p.p. of fulmino, lighten.] 

FULMINATE (ful'mi-nat), n. Compound of 
nitro-aceto-nitrile, known as fulminic acid, 
with mercury, etc. 

FULMINATION (ful-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
fulminating, thundering, or issuing forth. 2. 
Denunciation. 3. Chemical explosion. [L. 
fulmen, thunderbolt.] 

FULMINIC (ful-min'ik), a. Capable of detona- 
tion. 

FULSOME (ful'sum), a. Cloying; nauseous; 
offensive; gross; disgustingly fawning. [A. 
S. fulsum.] 

FULSOMELY (ful'sum-li), adv. In a fulsome 
manner. 

FULSOMENESS (ful'sum-nes), n. Quality of 
being fulsome. 

FULVOUS (ful'vus), a. Bot. Yellow-hued. 

FUMATORIU31 
(fu-ma-to'ri- 
um), FUMA- 
TORY (fu- 
ma-to-ri), n. 
Specially con- 
structed air- 
and smoke- ■*£$$ 
tight tent or "« 
other struc- 
ture to fumi- 
gate trees and 
plants for the 
extermination of destructive insects. 

FUMBLE (fum'bl), v. [pr.p. FUMBLING; p.U 
and p.p. FUMBLED (fum'bld).] I. vi. 1. 
Grope about awkwardly. 2. Do anything 
awkwardly. 3. Clumsily catch or stop a 
ball in baseball so as to lose an advantage 
that would have been otherwise gained. II. 
vt. 1. Handle much. 2. Manage awkwardly. 
[Dut. fommelen, move incessantly and in 
jerks.] 

FUMBLER (fum'bler), n. One who fumbles. 

FUME (fum), n. 1. Smoke; vapor. 2. Any 
volatile matter. 3. Heat of mind; rage. 4. 
Empty conceit. [Fr. — L. fumus, smoke.] 

FUME (fiim), vi. [pr.p. FUMING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUMED (fumd).] 1. Throw off vapor or 
fumes. 2. Be in a rage. 

FUMIGATE (fu'mi-gat), vt. [pr.p. FU'MIGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. FUMIGATED.] Expose to 
smoke or gas, especially for disinfecting. 

FUMIGATION (fu-mi-ga'shun), n. Act of using 
smoke or other vapor for disinfecting pur- 
poses. £L. fumigo.] 




Fumatorium. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



FUMOUS 



516 



FURBELOW 



FU3IY (fu'mi), a. Produ- 
[Gael. fonn, 



FUMOUS (fu'mus), 
cing fumes. 

FUN (fun), n. Merriment; sport, 
delight.] 

FUN AMBULATE (fun-am'bu-lat), vi. [pr.p. 
FUNAM'BULATING; p.t. and p.p. FUN- 
AMBULATED.] Perform, dance, or walk on 
a tight or slack rope or wire. [L. funis, rope, 
and ambulo, walk.] 

FUNAMBULIS3I (fun-am'bu-lizm), n. Art of 
walking on a tight or slack rope or wire. 

FUNA3IBULIST (fun-am'bu-list), n. Perform- 
er or one who walks on a tight or slack rope 
or wire. 

FUNCTION (fungk'shun), n. 1. Doing of a thing. 

2. Duty peculiar to any office or profession. 

3. Office peculiar to any part of the body or 
mind; power. 4. Formal social event. 5. 
Math. Quantity so connected with another 
that any change in the one changes the other. 
[L. functio — fungor, perform.] 

FUNCTIONAL (fungk'shun-al), a. Pertaining 
to or performed by functions; opposed to 
ORGANIC or STRUCTURAL. 

FUNCTIONARY (fungk'shun-a-ri), n. [pi. 
FUNCTIONARIES.] 1. One who discharges 
a function or duty. 2. One who holds an office. 

FUND (fund), n. 1. Sum of money on which 
some enterprise is founded or expense sup- 
ported. 2. Supply or source of money. 3. 
Store laid up; supply. 4. [pi.] Permanent 
debts due by a government and paying in- 
terest. — Sinking fund, fund or stock set apart, 
generally at certain intervals, for the reduc- 
tion of a debt of a government or corporation. 
[Fr. fond; from L. fundus, bottom.] 

FUND (fund), vt. [pr.p. FUNDING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUNDED.] 1. Convert (a debt) into a stock 
charged with interest. 2. Place (money) in 
a fund. 

FUNDAMENT (fun'da-ment), n. 1. Lower part 
or seat of the body. 2. Foundation; base. 
[L. fundamentum, foundation; from fundus, 
bottom.] 

FUNDAMENTAL (fun-da-men'tal), I. a. Per- 
taining to or serving for the foundation; 
essential; important. II. n. That which 
serves as a foundation or groundwork; essen- 
tial. 

SYN. Primary; important; indispensa- 
ble; essential. ANT. Secondary; unimport- 
ant; adventitious; non-essential. 

FUNDA3IENTALLY (fun-da-men'tal-i), adv. 
In a fundamental manner. 

FUNDY (fun'di), Bay OF. Inlet between 
Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. 

FUNERAL (fu'ner-al), I. n. Ceremony con- 
nected with burial. II. a. Pertaining to or 
used at a burial. [L. funus, funeris, funeral 
procession.] 

FUNERAL-DIRECTOR (fu'ner-al-di-rek-tiir), n. 
Undertaker; one who attends to funeral ar- 
rangements. 



FUNEREAL (fu-ne're-al), a. Suitable for a fu- 
neral; dismal; mournful. [L. funereus.] 

FUNGATE (fung'gat), vi. [pr.p. FUN'GATING; 
p.t. and p.p. FUN'GATED.] Med. Grow or 
increase in fungus or spongy form, said of 
sores, tumors, etc. 

FUNGI (fun'jl or fun'gi), n.pl. Bot. Large 
natural order of acotyledonous or cryptog- 
amous plants, 30,000 being known, varying 
greatly in size, form, color, and consistence, 
and comprehending not only the various 
mushrooms, toadstools, and similar plants, 
but a large number of microscopic plants grow- 
ing upon other plants, and many substances 
known as mold, mildew, smut, rust, brand, 
dry-rot, etc. [L., pi. of fungus, a mush- 
room.] 

FUNGOUS (fung'gus), a. Of or like fungus; 
soft; spongy; growing suddenly; ephemeral. 

FUNGUS (fung'gus), n. [pi. FUNGI (fun'jl) or 
FUN'GUSES.] 1. One of the Fungi (which 
see). 2. Med. Spongy morbid excrescence, 
as proud flesh formed in wounds. [L.] 

FUNICLE (fu'ni-kl), n. 1. Small cord or liga- 
ture; fiber. 2. Bot. Stem of a seed. [L. 
funiculus, dim. of funis, rope.] 

FUNICULAR (fu-nik'u-lar), a. Consisting of a 
funicle. 

FUNILIFOR3I (fu-nil'i-farm), a. Resembling 
or like a rope or cable. 

FUNK (fungk), n. 1. Spark. 2. Punk. 3. 
Offensive smell. 4. State of abject terror; 
cowardly fright; panic. [Ger. funke.] 

FUNK (fungk), vi. [pr.p. FUNKING; p.t. and 
p.p. FUNKED (fungkt).] Quail; back out. 
(Colloq.) 

FUNKY (fungk'i), a. 1. Scared; timid; afraid. 
2. Cranky; touchy; quickly angered. 

FUNNEL (fun'el), n. 1. Tube or passage for the 
escape of smoke, etc.; smokestack. 2. Instru- 
ment for pouring fluids into close vessels, as 
bottles, etc. 3. Bot. Space below the thick 
outer coats of the maerospore into which the 
apical papilla projects. [L. infundibulum — 
fundo, pour.] 

FUNNY (fun'i), a. Full of fun; droll. 

SYN. Laughable; ludicrous; comic; 
ridiculous; amusing; diverting. ANT. Dull; 
tedious; mournful; lugubrious; dismal; 
serious; sad. 

FUNNY-BONE (fun'i-bon) n. Crazy-bone. 

FUR (fur), n. 1. Short, fine hair of certain ani- 
mals. 2. Skins with the hair, prepared for 
garments. 3. Fur-like coating on the tongue, 
the interior of boilers, etc. [O. Fr. fourre — 
A. S. fodder, lining — Ger. futter.] 

FUR (fur), vt. [pr.p. FURRING; p.t. and p.p. 
FURRED (fiird).] 1. Line or coat with fur. 2. 
Cover with morbid fur-like matter. 

FURBELOW (fiir'be-lo), n. 1. Plait; flounce. 
2. Fringed border of a gown or petticoat. 3. 
Any ornament. [Sp. falbala.] 

FURBELOW (fflr'be-16), vt. [pr.p. FUR'BE- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, , not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



FURBISH 



517 



fuse 



LOWING; p.t. and p.p. FURBELOWED (fur'be- 
lod).] Deck or trim with furbelows. 

FURBISH (fur'bish), vt. [pr.p. FURBISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. FUJBISHED(f ur'bisht).] Polish ; 
brighten, [FrT^burbir — O. H. Ger. furban, 
clean.) 

FURCATE (fur'kat), a. Forked; branching 
like the prongs of a fork. [L. furca, fork.] 

FURCATION (fur-ka'shun), n. A forking or 
branching out. 

FURCATORIUM (fur-ka-to'ri-um), n. Same 
as FURCULA. 

FURCULA (fur'ku-la), n. [pi. FUR'CULE.] Pair 
of collar-bones, grown together, in a bird, 
known as the wishbone or merrythought in a 
fowl; furcatorium. £L„ small fork.1 

FURFUR (fur 'fur), n. Dandruff; scurf. [L.] 

FURIA (fu'ri-a), n. Genus of bats found in 
Spanish America, and which are known to 
have vampire proclivities. The principal one 
is known as Furia horreus. 

FURIOSO (fu-ri-6'so), I. a. Music. Energetic; 
vehement. II. n. Furious person. [It.] 

FURIOUS (fu'ri-us), a. Full of fury. [Fr. 
furieux — L. furiosus.] 

SYN. Violent; mad; frantic; frenzied. 
ANT. Sane; sober; calm; collected; cool; 
unruffled; composed. 

FURIOUSLY (fu'ri-us-li), adv. In a furious 
manner. 

FURL (furl), vt. [pr.p. FURLING; p.t. and p.p. 
FURLED (fiirld).] Draw or roll up, as a sail. 
[Obs. FURDLE — O. Fr. fardel, bundle.] 

FURLONG (ffir'lang), n. The one-eighth of a 
mile=forty rods. [A. S. furlang — length of 
a furrow.] 

FURLOUGH (fur '16), n. Leave of absence. [Dut. 
verlof, permission — Ger. verlaub.] 

FURLOUGH (fur'16), vt. [pr.p. FUR'LOUGH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. FURLOUGHED (fur'lod).] 
Grant or concede leave of absence to. 

FURNACE (fur'nas), n. Place where a vehe- 
ment fire and heat may be made and main- 
tained.^ f or melting ores or metals, heating 
the boiler of a steam-engine, warming a 
house, baking pottery or bread, etc. [Fr. 
fournais — L. fornax — fumus, oven.] 

FURNISH (fur'nish), vt. [pr.p. FUR'NISHING; 
p.t, and p.p. FURNISHED (fiir'nisht).] Fit up 
or supply completely, or with what is neces- 
sary; equip. [O. Fr. furniss, fumir.] 

FURNISHER (fur'nish-er), n. One who fur- 
nishes or equips; dealer in furnishing-goods. 

FURNISHINGS (fur'nish-ingz), n.pl. Articles of 
furniture; fittings. 

FURNITURE (fiir'ni-tur), n. Movables, either 
for use or ornament, with which a house is 
equipped. [Fr. fourniture.] 

FUROR (f*'rar), FURORE (fu-ro're), n. 1. 
Uncontrollable rage or anger 2. Unbounded 
enthusiasm. 

FURRIER (fur'i-er), n. Maker of, or dealer in, 
furs and fur-goods. 



FURRING (fur'ing), n. 1. Fur; fur trimming. 
2. Fur-like deposit, as in a boiler, or on the 
tongue. 3. Nailing strips to rafters or joists, 
etc., to form an even surface, or to provide an 
air space. 

FURROW (fiir'6), n. Trench made by a plow; 
groove; wrinkle on the face. [A. S. furh.] 

FURROW (fur'6), v. [pr.p. FURROWING; p.t. 
and p.p. FURROWED (ffir'od).] I. vt. Form 
furrows in; groove; wrinkle. II. vi. Plow. 

FURRY (fur'i), a. Consisting of, covered with, 
or dressed in, fur. 

FUR-SEAL (fur'sel), n. Zool. Seal of the species 
Otariidce, whose hides or skins furnish fur 
garments. Mostly found in the Pribilof 
islands in Bering Sea off the territory of 
Alaska. These are distinguished from the 
non-fur-bearing seal. 

FURTHER (fur'ther), I. adv. 1. To a greater 
distance or degree. 2. In addition. II. a. 
[superl. FURTHEST.] More distant; addi- 
tional. [A. S. furthor, a comp. of fore, for- 
ward, with comp. suffix -thor.] 

FURTHER (fur'tfcer), vt. [pr.p. FURTHER- 
ING; p.U and p.p. FURTHERED (fur'tfcerd).] 
Help forward; promote. [A. S. fyrthrian.] 

FURTHERANCE (fur'*fcer-ans), n. 1. Act of 
furthering. 2. Advancement; promotion. 

FURTHERMORE (fur'tfter-mor), adv. In addi- 
tion to what has been said; moreover; besides. 

FURTHERMOST (fur'ffter-most), a. Furthest; 
most remote. 

FURTHEST (fur'*7iest), I. adv. At the greatest 
distance. II. a. Most distant. [A superl. 
either of furth, forth, or more prob. of fore. 
See FURTHER, adj.] 

FURTIVE (fur'tiv), a. Stealthy; secret. [L. 
furtivus — fur, thief.] 

FURTIVELY (fur'tiv-li), adv. In a furtive man- 
ner. 

FURUNCLE (fu'rung-kl), n. Boil. [L. furun- 
culus, dim. of fur, thief.] 

FURUNCULAR (fu-rung'ku-lar), a. Pertaining 
to or characterized by furuncles. 

FURY (fu'ri), n. [pi. FURIES.] 1. Rage; 
violent passion; madness. 2. [F-] Myth. 
One of the three goddesses of vengeance; 
Erinys. 3. Passionate, violent woman. [L. 
furia — furo, be angry.] 

FURZE (fflrz), n. Whin or gorse, a prickly 
evergreen bush with beautiful yellow flowers, 
so called from the likeness of its spines to 
those of the fir-tree. 

FURZY (furz'i), a. Overgrown with furze. [A. 
S. fyrs.] 

FUSE (fuz), v. [pr.p. FU'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUSED (fuzd).] I. vt. Melt; liquefy by heat. 
II. vi. 1. Be melted; be reduced to a liquid. 
2. Blend; combine. [L. fundo, fusutn, melt.] 

FUSE (fuz), n. 1. Tube filled with combustible 
matter for firing mines, discharging shells, 
etc. 2. Any similar device, as a ribbon sat- 
urated with combustible matter, etc. 3. Strip 



fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=« in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



FUSE-BLOCK 



518 



FYKE 




9 



of metal, which melts at passage of a fixed 
amount of electric current, thus breaking the 
circuit. [Abbr. of FUSEE.] 

FUSE-BLOCK (fuz'blok), n. Elec. Insulating 
device made by porcelain or other adequate 
material designed to prevent the molten metal 
of a fuse forming any electrical connection 
when burnt out. 

FUSED-WOOD (fuzd'wod), n. Agglomeration 
of different kinds of wood subjected to heat 
in a closed vessel. 

FUSEE (fu-ze'), n. 1. Match or cigar lighter. 3. 
Fuse. 3. Flaring tor- 
pedo used as a signal 
on railroad tracks. 

FUSEE (fu-ze'), n. 

Conical spindle in a Fusee, 

watch or clock on which the chain is 
wound, serving to equalize the varying force 
of the spring. [Fr. fusee — L. fusus, spindle.] 

FUSEL-OIL (fu'zel-oil), n. Poisonous, nau- 
seous oil in spirits distilled from potatoes, 
barley, etc. [Ger. fusel, bad spirits.] 

FUSIBILITY (fu-zi-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of be- 
ing fusible. 

FUSIBLE (fu'zi-bl), a. That may be fused or 
melted. 

FUSIFORM (fu'si-farm), a. Bot. Shaped like 
a spindle. [L. fusus, fust, spindle, and forma, 
shape.] 

FUSIL (fu'zil), n. Light musket or firelock 
gun. [Fr. fusil — L. L. focile, steel (to strike 
fire), dim. of L. focus, fireplace.] 

FUSILIER, FUSILEER (fu-zil-er). n. General 
term for a soldier in the infantry or one who 
carries a gun. 

FUSILLADE (fu'zil-ad or fu-zi-lad'), n. Volley 
of firearms. [Fr. fusil, musket.] 

FUSILLADE (fu-zi-lad'), vt. [pr.p. FUSILLA'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. FUSILLA'DED.] Attack 
or shoot down by a volley of firearms. 

FUSING-POINT(fu'zing-point),™. Temperature 
at which a solid substance becomes liquid. 

FUSION (fu'zhun),n. 1. Act or state of melting. 
3. State of fluidity from heat. 3. Close un- 
ion of things, as if melted together; political 
union of parties. [See FUSE.] 

FUSS (fus), n. 1. Bustle; tumult; unnecessary 
ado; haste; flurry. 2. Wrangle. [A. S. fus, 
ready.] 

FUSS (fus), v. [pr.p. FUSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUSSED (fust).] I. vt. Disturb with trifling 
matters. II. vi. 1. Make much ado about 
trifles; worry; fret. 2. Wrangle. 

FUSSILY (fus'i-li), adv. In a fussy manner. 

FUSSINESS (fus'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fussy. 

FUSSY (fus'i), a. Acting in an uneasy manner 
with fuss. 

FUST (fust), n. 1. Arch. Shaft of a column. 2. 
Strong musty odor. [L. fustis, club.] 

FUSTIAN (fus'ti-an), I. n. 1. Kind of coarse, 
twilled cotton cloth. 2. Pompous and un- 



natural style of writing or speaking; bom- 
bast. II. a. 1. Made of fustian. 2. Bom- 
bastic. [O. Fr. fustaine — L. L. fustianum — 
Fustdt (a suburb of Cairo in Egypt), where 
first made.] 

FUSTIGATE (fus'ti-gat), vt. [pr.p. FUS'TI- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. FUS'TIGATED.] Beat 
with a stick. [L. fustis, club, and ago, 
drive.] 

FUSTINESS (fust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fusty. 

FUSTY (fust'i), a. Smelling of the wood of the 
cask, as wine; musty. [O. Fr. fuste, wood of 
a cask; from L. fustis, club.] 

FUTILE (fu'til), a. Useless; trifling. [Fr. fu- 
tile — L. futilis, fit to be poured out.] 

SYN. Vain; trivial; unavailing; weak; 
ineffective. ANT. Powerful; effective; co- 
gent; useful; solid. 

FUTILITY (fu-til'i-ti), n. [pi. FUTILITIES (fu- 
til'i-tiz).] 1. Quality or state of being futile. 2. 
Anything that is futile. 

FUTTOCK (fut'uk), n. Curved timber forming 
part of one of the ribs of a ship. [Perh. 
corrupted from FOOT-HOOK.] 

FUTTOCK-HOOP (fut'uk-hop), n. Iron ring 
around a mast below the top, to which the 
lower ends of the f uttock-shroud^ are fastened. 

FUTTOCK-PLATES (fut'uk-plats), n.pl. Iron 
plates to which the upper 
ends of the futtock- 
shrouds and the dead 
eyes of the topmast 
rigging are fastened. 

FUTTOCK-SHROUDS 
(fut'uk-shrowdz), n.pl. 
Short iron rods or 
shrouds connecting the 
futtock-plates and the 
futtock-hoop. Futtock shrouds, etc. 

FUTURE (fu'tur), I. a. 1. About to be; that is 
to come. 2. Gram. Expressing what will be. 
II. n. 1. Time to come. 2. Speculative deal 
in stocks or commodities, in which only the 
difference in price is paid or received. [L. 
futurus, fut. p. of sum, am.] 

FUTURITY (fti-tu'ri-ti), n. 1. Time to come. 
2. Event, or state of being, yet to come. 

FUZZ (fuz), n. Fine light particles, as of down, 
wool, etc. [Etym. doubtful.] 

FUZZ (fuz), vi. [pr.p. FUZZING; p.t. and p.p. 
FUZZED (fuzd).] Fly off in minute particles 
or fuzz. 

FUZZILY (fuz'i-li), adv. In a fuzzy manner. 

FUZZINESS (fuz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being fuzzy. 

FUZZY (fuz'i), a. Covered with fuzz; like fuzz; 
fluffy. 

FY (fi), inter). Same as FIE. 

-FY, suffix. Make. [L. -fico, from facio, do, 
make.] 

FYKE (fik), n. Large fish-trap with funnel- 
like entrances. [D. fuik.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



519 



GAFFSMAN 




g (Je), n. [pi. G'S (jez).] Sev- 
enth letter in the English 
alphabet. It is a consonant 
and has two sounds: (1) 
hard, heard when the letter 
occurs before a, o, u, I, or r, 
and in words of English 
origin before e and i, as in 
get, give, and when final 
(except after n, as in sing) ; (3) soft, commonly 
heard before e, i, and y, as in gem, gin, gym- 
nast. Before m and n this letter usually is 
silent, as in gnat, phlegm. In respelling 
for pronunciation in this dictionary the hard 
sound is always indicated by g and the soft 
sound by y. 

GAB (gab), n. Hook on the end of the eccentric 
rod of a steam-engine, opposite the strap. 

GAB (gab), vi. [pr.p. GABBING; p.t. and p.p. 
GABBED (gabd).] Talk volubly or idly. [Ice. 
gabba, mock.] 

GAB (gab), n. Idle talk; loquacity. 

GABARDINE (gab-ar-den), n. Coarse frock; 
loose upper garment. [Sp. gabardina.] 

GABBLE (gab'I), vi. [pr.p. GABBLING; p.t. and 
p.p. GABBLED (gab'ld).] 1. Talk inarticu- 
lately; chatter; prate. 2. Cackle like geese. 
[From GAB.] 

GABBLE (gab'I), n. 1. Noisy, rapid, unmeaning 
talk. 2. Confused noise of talking. 3. Cackle. 
[From GAB.] 

GABBLER (gab'ler), n. One who gabbles. 

GABBY (gab'i), a. Given to gab; loquacious. 
(Colloq.) 

GABILLA (ga-bil'a; Sp. ga-be'lya), n. Parcel of 
tobacco in Cuba, consisting of about thirty- 
six to forty leaves. The bales are usually 
made up of eighty hands, each of four gabillas. 
[Cuban.] 

GABION (ga'bi-un), n. Bottomless basket of 
wickerwork filled with earth, for shelter from 
the enemy's fire, or filled with stones, in build- 
ing a dam under water. [Fr. — It. gabbione, 
large cage — L. cavea, cave.] 

GABLE (ga'bl), n. 
Arch. Triangu- 
lar part of an 
exterior wall of 
a building be- 
tween the top of 
the side-walls 
and the slopes 
of the roof. 
[O. Fr. gable; A. 
S. geafl, fork.] 

GABLED (ga'bld), a. Having gables or a gable. 

GABLE-END (ga'bl-end), n. Arch. End wall 
of a building on the side where there is a gable. 

GABLE-ROOFED (ga'bl-roft), a. Having a 
roof converged to an apex, as a ridge-roof 
terminating in a gable. 

GABLE-WINDOW (ga'bl-win-do), n. 1. Win- 
dow in the gable-end of a building. 2. 




Gable. 



Window with its upper part shaped like a 
gable. 

GABRIEL (gabri-el), n. Heb. Myth. Prince of 
fire and thunder, and angel of death. 

GAD (gad), n. Wedge of steel; pointed instru- 
ment; graver; prod; stick; rod. [A. S. gad, 
goad.] 

GAD (gad), vi. [pr.p. GAD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
GAD'DED.] Rove about idly or for diversion. 

GADABOUT (gad'a-bowt), I. a. Addicted to gad- 
ding. II. n. Gadder. 

GADDER (gad'er), n. One who gads or roams 
about idly. 

GADFLY (gad'fli), n. [pi. GAD'FLIES.] Dipter- 
ous insect of numerous species, one of which 
pierces the skin of cattle in order to deposit 
its eggs, and another produces intestinal 
parasites in horses; breeze-fly; horse-fly. 

GaDHELIC (gad'el-ik), a. Of or belonging to 
that branch of the Celtic race which com- 
prises the Erse of Ireland, the Gaels of Scot- 
land, and the 31anx of the Isle of Man, as 
distinguished from the CYMRIC. llr. gaed- 
heal, Gael.] 

GADWALL (gad'- 
wal), n. River 
duck of genus 
Chaulelasmus 
abounding in 
both Europe and =g 
America. 

Gael (gai), n. 

Name by which Gadwall (C. streperus). 
those who speak the Gaelic language are 
known to themselves. For distinction's sake 
the Highlanders of Scotland call themselves 
Gael Albinnich, that is, the Gaels of Albin, 
and the Celtic population of Ireland call them- 
selves Gael Erinnich, that is, the Gaels of Erin. 

GAELIC (gal'ik), I. a. Pertaining to the Gaels. 
II. n. 1. The northern or Gadhelic branch of 
Celtic family of languages, embracing the Irish, 
the Highland-Scottish, and the Manx. 2. 
Language of the Gaels or Celts. [Prob. orig- 
inally a Celtic word of which the Latinized 
form is Gallus.] 

GAFF (gaf), n. 1. Boat-hook. 2. Harpoon. 
3. Sharp-pointed iron hook, used for landing 
large fish after they have been hooked on the 
line and spent by the skill of the angler. 4. 
Boom or spar extending the upper edge of a 
sail not set on stays. [Fr. gaffe.] 

GAFF (gaf), v. [pr.p. GAFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GAFFED (gaft).] I. vt. Strike, catch or land 
with a gaff; II. vi. Use a gaff. 

GAFFER (gaf er), n. 1. Old man. 2. In Eng- 
land, the foreman of a squad of workmen. 
[Contr. of GRANDFATHER.] 

GAFFER (gaf'er), n. Gaffsman. 

GAFFLE (gaf'l), n. 1. Steel spur for gamecocks. 
2. Iron hook or fork. [A. S. geafl, fork.] 

GAFFSMAN (gafs'man), n. [pi. GAFFS'MEN.] 
One who uses a gaff, especially in angling. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w In "Scotch gude; oil, owl.^en, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



GAG 



520 



GALL 



» 



GAG (gag), v. [pr.p. GAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
GAGGED (gagd).] I. vt. 1. Forcibly stop the 
mouth of; silence. 2. Pry or hold open with a 
gag. 3. Cause to heave with nausea. II. vi. 1. 
Retch; come near vomiting. 2. Interpolate 
one's own words into a part on the stage. 
[From the sound.] 

GAG (gag), n. 1. Something thrust into the 
mouth or put over it to enforce silence. 2. 
Interpolation by an fcctor. 3. Anything that 
silences a person. 4. Anything that causes 
nausea. 5. Instrument used in surgery to 
distend the jaws during an operation. 6. Joke 
or hoax. (Slang.) 

GAGE (gaj), n. 1. Pledge; security for the ful- 
fillment of a promise. 2. Something thrown 
down as a challenge, as a glove. [Fr. gage — 
gager, wager. Cogn. with A. S. wed, pledge. 
Akin to WAGE.] 

GAGE, GAUGE (gaj), vt. [pr.p. GA'GING, 
GAU'GING; p.t. and p.p. GAGED, GAUGED 
(gajd).] 1. Asce^ifcin the capacity or the con- 
tents of. 2. Measure in respect to capability. 

3. Estimate. 4. Gather with thread in uni- 
form puckers. [O. Fr. ganger, measure.] 

GAGE, GAUGE (gaj), n. 1. A standard of 
measurement; measure. 2. Measurement or 
capacity of a cask as gaged. 3. Instrument 
for determining distances, sizes, proportions, 
etc., as the carpenter's gages of various kinds. 

4. Depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. 

5. Position of a vessel with reference to an- 
other vessel and the wind. [O. Fr. gauge; 
from ganger.] 

GAGE (gaj), n. Name applied to several varieties 
of plum. See GREENGAGE. 

GAGER, G AUGER (ga'jer), n. One who gages; 
officer whose business it is to gage or measure 
the contents of casks, as in the revenue service. 

GAIETY, GAYETT (ga'e-ti), n. 1. Merriment. 
2. Finery; show. [O. Fr. gaiete — gai, gay.] 

GAILY, (ga'li), adv. Same as GAYLY. 

GAIN (gan), n. 1. Anything obtained as an 
advantage; profit; emolument; interest. 2. 
Act of acquiring; acquisition. [Ice. gagn, 
gain, advantage.] 

GAIN (gan), v. [pr.p. GAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GAINED (gand).] I. vt. 1. Obtain by effort; 
earn. 2. Be successful in. 3. Draw to one's 
own party. 4. Arrive at; reach. 5. Draw 
nearer; advance. II. vi. Advance in interest, 
possession, health, strength, happiness, etc.; 
progress; profit. 

SYN. Acquire; get; win; procure; ob- 
tain; benefit. ANT. Lose; forfeit. 



GAINFUL (gan'fol), a. 
GAININGS (gan'ingz), 

gained. 
GAIXLESS (gan'les), a. 



Advantageous. 
n.pl. What has 

Unprofitable. 



been 



GAINSAY (gan-sa/ or gan'sa), vt. [pr.p. GAIN- 
SAY'LNG; p.t. and p.p. GAINSAID (gan-sed').] 
Deny; dispute; contradict. [A. S. gegn-, 
against, and SAY.] 



GAIRISH, a. Same as GARISH. 

GAIT (gat), n. Way or manner of walking. 
[Ice. gata, way.] 

GAITER (gat'er), n. 1. Covering of cloth fitting 
down upon the shoe. 2. Shoe covering the 
ankle, generally with an elastic on each side. 
3. Overshoe having a cloth upper. [Fr. guetre.] 

GALA (ga/la), n. 1. Festive show or attire, 
as in the phrase in gala. 2. Festivity; chiefly 
attributive, as in gala day. [It.] 

GALACTOMETER (gal-ak-tom'e-ter), n. De- 
vice for ascertaining richness of milk. 

GALALITH (gal-a-lith'), n. Ivory-like sub- 
stance derived from casein by coagulation of 
skim milk, used for making collar-buttons, 
piano keys, etc. [Gr. gala, milk, and lithos, 
stone.] 

GALATEA (gal-a-te'a), n. Greek Myth. 1. 
Daughter of Nereus and Doris, a sea-nymph 
who was beloved by Polypheme, whom she 
did not love. Galatea loved Acis, and upon 
the latter's death, she threw herself into the 
sea and joined her sister nymphs. 2. Mom. 
Myth. A beautiful statue that was endowed 
with life by Venus at the earnest prayer of a 
beautiful youth named Pygmalion. 

GALAXY (gal'aks-i), n. I. Astron. Milky Way, 
the luminous band of stars stretching across 
the heavens. 2. [g-] Any splendid assem- 
blage. [Gr. galaxias — gala, milk.] 

GALBANUM (gal'ba-num), n. Bot. Greenish- 
yellow gum of the Ferula Kubricaulis. 

GALE (gal), n. 1. Strong wind between a stiff 
breeze and a storm. 2. Continued state of 
high excitement or merriment. [Norw. galen, 
raging.] 

GALEATED, (ga'le-a-ted), a. Helmeted; having 
a flower like a helmet, as the monk's hood. 
[L. galeatus — galea, helmet.] 

GALENA (ga-le'na), n. Native lead sulphide. 
[L. galena, lead-ore.] 

GALICIA (ga-lish'i-a), n. Crownland, Austria- 
Hungary. Area 30,321 sq. m. 

GALIOT (gal'i-ot), n. Small 
swift galley or brigantine pro- 
pelled by both sails and oars. 
[O. Fr. galiote — galie, galley.] 

GALIPOT (gal'i-pot), n. Unre- 
fined kind of turpentine. [Fr.] 

GALL (gal), n. 1. Greenish- 
yellow fluid secreted by the 
liver; bile. 2. Gall bladder, 
malignity. 4. Impudence, 
root of YELLOW.] 

GALL (gal), n. Wound or sore on the skin caused 
by rubbing or friction; excoriation. [O. Fr. 
galle, a fretting.] 

GALL (gal), vt. [pr.p. GALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GALLED (gald).] 1. Fret or hurt the skin of 
by rubbing or chafing. 2. Irritate; vex; 
chafe. 

GALL (gal), GALLNUT (gal'nut), n. 1. Light nut- 
like ball which certain insects produce on the 




3. 

[A. 



Galiot. 

Bitterness: 
S. gealla — 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



GALLANT 



531 



GAMBLER 



I oak-tree, used in dyeing; oak-apple; oak-gall; 

nutgall. 2. A similar excrescence similarly 
produced in the bark or leaves of various 
plants. [Fr. galle — L. galla.] 
GALLANT (gal'ant), a. 1. Brave; noble; he- 
roic; chivalrous. 2. Formerly, well-attired; 
showy; gay. [O. Fr gallant, pr.p. of galer, 
rejoice; from gale, show, festivity.] 
GALLANT (gal-lantO, I. a. Courteous or at- 
tentive to ladies; like a gallant or brave man. 
II. n. 1. Man of fashion. 2. Ladies' man. 
3. Lover; suitor. 
GALLANT (gal-lanf), vt. [pr.p. GALLANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. GALLANT'ED.] 1. Attend or 

»wait on as a gallant; pay court to. 2. Man- 
age or handle stylishly, as a fan. 
GALLANTRY (galant-ri), n. [pi. GALLANT- 
RIES.] 1. Bravery; intrepidity. 2. At- 
tention or devotion to ladies; intrigue. 

GALLEON (gal'e-un), n. Large Spanish vessel 
with lofty stem and stern. [Sp.] 

GALLERY (gal'er-i), n. [pi. GALLERIES.] 
1. Balcony surrounded by rails. 2. Long pas- 
sage. 3. Upper floor of seats in a church or 
theater. 4. Room for the exhibition of works 
of art. 5. Passage cut through the earth or 
masonry. [Fr. galerie, perhaps from GALE.] 

GALLEY (gal'i), n. 1. Long, low-built ship 
with one deck, propelled by oars. 2. Kitchen 
on a ship; caboose. 3. Print. Frame which 
receives the type from the composing-stick. 
[O. Fr. galie — L. L. galea, galley.] 

GALLEY-SLAVE (gal'i-slav), w. One condemned 
for crime to work like a slave at the oar of a 
galley. 

GALLEY-STICK (gal'i-stik), n. Long tapering 
stick, the breadth of which is less than the 
height of types, placed beside a column of 
type in a galley, in order that the type may be 
locked up or wedged in place by quoins. 

GrALLIC (gal'ik), a. Pertaining to Gaul or 
France. [L. Gallicus — Gallia, Gaul.] 

GALLIC ANISM (gal'i-kan-izm), n. Spirit of 
nationalism in the French church. 

GALLICISM (gal'l-sizm), n. Mode of speech 
peculiar to the French; French idiom. 

GALLIGASKINS (gal-i-gas'kinz), n.pl. Large 
open hose or trousers ; leggings worn by sports- 
men. [Prob. a corrup. of Fr. Greguesgues, 
Grecians.] 

GALLINACEOUS (gal-i-na'shus), a. Pertaining 
to the order of birds to which the domestic 
fowl, pheasant, etc., belong. [L. gallina, 
hen.] 

GALLINIPPER (gal'i-nip-er), n. Large mos- 
quito. (Colloq.) 

GALLIPOT (gal'i-pot), n. Small glazed pot for 

» containing medicine, pomatum, etc. [O. 
Dut. gleypot, glazed pot.] 
GALLON (gal'un), n. U. S. standard measure of 
capacity=four quarts. [O. Fr. galon, gallon.] 
GALLOON (gal-Ion'), n. 1. Kind of lace. 2. 
Narrow ribbon made of silk or worsted, or of 



both. 3. Tape sewn along a seam, etc. [Sp. 
galon — gala, finery.] 

GALLOP (gal'up), n. The pac« at which a horse 
runs when the fore feet ar* lifted together and 
the hind feet together. [Fr. galoper — A. S. 
gehleapan, leap.] 

GALLOP (gal'up), v. [pr.p. GALLOPING; p.t. 
and p.p. GALLOPED (gal'upt).] I. vt. Cause 
to go in a gallop. II. vi. 1. Go in a gallop, 
as a horse. 2. Ride a horse at a gallop. 3. 
Move very fast; scamper. 

GALLOWS (gal'oz), n. Structure on which crim- 
inals are executed by hanging. [A. S. galga.] 

GALOCHE, GALOSH (ga-losh'), n. Shoe or 
slipper worn over another in wet weather. 
[Fr.] 

GALOOT (ga-lof), n. 1. Uncouth, clumsy fel- 
low. 2. In England, a recruit. (Slang.) 

GALOP (gal'up or ga-16'), n. 1. Lively dance 
in double measure. 2. Music for such a 
dance. [Fr.] 

GALORE (ga-lor'), adv. In abundance; plenti- 
fully. [Ir. go leor — go, to, and leor, enough.] 

GALVANIC (gal-van'ik), a. Belonging to or 
exhibiting galvanism. 

GALVANIS3I (gal'va-nizm), n. 1. Current of 
electricity produced by chemical agents. 2. 
Branch of science which treats of such cur- 
rents [From Galvani, the discoverer.] 

GALVANIZE (gal'va-niz), vt. [pr.p. GAL- 
VANIZING; p.t. and p.p. GALVANIZED (gal- 
va-nizd).] 1. Affect with galvanism. 2. 
Coat with some non-corrosive metal as tin or 
zinc, as in the case of galvanized iron. 

GALVANIZED-IRON (gal-va-nizd-I'urn), n. 
Iron coated with tin or zinc by a chemical 
process to prevent rust and corrosion. 

GALVANOMETER (gal-va-nom'e-ter), n. In- 
strument for measuring the 
strength of galvanic currents. 

GALVANOTROPIS31 (gal-va- 
not'ro-pizm), n. Bot. 3Iove- 
ments in organs of plants pro- 
duced by currents of elec- 
tricity. 

Galveston (gaives-tun), n. 

Seaport, Texas, Galveston 

Bay, Gulf of Mexico. lllH! 

GAL WAY (gal'wa), n. Seaport, Galvanometer. 

Ireland, on Galway Bay, 130 miles W. of 

Dublin. 
GAMBIER, GAMBIR (gam'ber), n. Tree and 

shrub grown in the Malay peninsula and the 

surrounding islands (Uncaria Gambler) from 

which a tannic astringent is extracted and 

used as medicine. Also used for dyeing. 
GAMBLE (gam'bl), v. [pr.p. GAMBLING; p.t. 

and p.p. GAMBLED (gam'bld).] I. vi. Play 

for money in games of chance. II. vt. 

Squander by gaming (away). [A. S. gamenian, 

play at games — gamen, game.] 
GA31BLER (gam'bler), n. One who gambles, 

especially who makes gambling his business. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" >i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch Loch. 



GAMBOGE 



533 



GAP 




Gamboge. 

1. Hind leg of a 




Gambrel Roof. 



* 



GAMBOGE (gam-boj' or gam-bdj'), n. Yellow 

gum-resin used as 

a pigment and 

medicine. [From 

Cambodia in Asia, 

where it is ob- 
tained.] 
GAMBOL (gam'bul), 

vi. [pr.p. GAM'- 

BOLING; p.t. and 

p.p. GAMBOLED 

(gam'buld).] Leap; 

skip; frisk or dance 

in sport. 
GAMBOL (gam'bul), 

n. A skipping or 

frisking about. [Fr. 

gambol e — gambe, 

leg.] 
GAMBREL (gam'brel), n. 

horse. 3. Stick, crooked 

like a horse's leg, used by 

butchers for suspending 

animals while dressing 

them. — Gambrel roof, root 

with a slope broken at 

an obtuse angle. [0. Fr. 

gambe, leg.] 
GAME (gam), I. n. 1. Sport of any kind; exercise 

or contest for amusement, winning a stake, 

etc. 3. Stake in a game. 3. Trick; scheme. 

4. One match in a series. 5. Wild animal 
hunted by sportsmen. 6. Flesh of wild 
animals, used as food. II. a. Defying; un- 
yelding. [A. S. gamen, play.] 

GAMECOCK (gam'kok), n. Cock trained to 

fight. 
GAMEKEEPER (gam'kep-er), n. One who has 

the care of game. 
GAME-LAWS (gam'laz), n.pl. Laws relating 

to the protection of certain wild animals. 
GAMESOME (gam'sum), a. Playful. 
GAMESTER (gam'ster), n. One addicted to 

playing for money; gambler. 
GAMIN (gamin; Fr. ga-mang'), n. Neglected 

street boy; Arab of the streets. [Fr.] 
GA3IMER (gam'er), n. Old woman. [Contr. 

Of GRANDMOTHER.] 
GAMMON (gam'un), n. Leg or thigh of a hog 

pickled and smoked or dried. [Fr. jambon, 

ham — O. Fr. gambon.] 
GAMMON (gam'un), vt. [pr.p. GAMMONING; 

p.t. and p.p. GAMMONED (gam'und).] Cure 

as bacon. 
GA3IMON (gam'un), w. Hoax; nonsense. [A. 

5. gamen, game.] 

GA3IMON (gam'un), vt. [pr.p. GAM'MON- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. GAMMONED (gam'und).] 
Impose upon; hoax. 

GAMUT (gamut), n. 1. Musical scale. 3. 
Scale or compass of wind instruments. 3. 
Entire range, compass or series. [Gr. gam- 
ma, which stood first in the scale invented 



by Guy of Arezzo, and thus gave its name to 
the whole scale, and L. ut, the syllable used in 
singing the first note of the scale.] 

GANDER (gan'der), n. Male of the goose. 
[A. S. gandra.] 

GANG (gang), n. 1. Number of persons going to- 
gether or associated for a certain purpose, 
usually in a bad sense. 3. Outfit, as a gang 
of tools. [A. S. gangan, go.] 

GANGBOARD (gang'bord), n. Board or plank 
on which passengers may walk into or out 
of a ship; gangplank. 

GANGES (gan'jez), n. Great river, India, flowing 
1509 m. to Bay of Bengal. 

GANGLION (gang'gli-un), n. [pi. GAN'GLIONS 
or GAN'GLIA.] 1. Tumor in the sheath of a 
tendon. 3. Natural enlargement in the 
course of a nerve. [Gr.] 

GANGPLANK (gang'plangk), n. Plank used as 
temporary bridge between a vessel and the 
wharf. 

GANGRENE (gang'gren), n. Loss of vitality in 
some part of the body; first stage in mortifi- 
cation. [Fr. — Gr. gangraina — graino, gnaw.] 

GANGRENE (gang'gren), v. [pr.p. GAN'GRE- 
NING;p.f and p.p. GANGRENED(gang'grend).] 
I. vt. Cause gangrene in; mortify. II. vi. 
Become mortified or affected with gangrene. 

GANGWAY (gang'wa), n. 1. Passage or way 
into or out of any place, especially a ship. 3. 
Narrow platform of planks along the upper 
part of a ship's side. [A. S. gang, and WAY. J 

GANNET (gan'et), n. Web-foot- 
ed fowl found in the northern 
seas. [A. S. ganot, a sea-fowl 
— root of GANDER.] 

GANTLET (gant'let), n. Glove. 
Same as GAUNTLET. 

GANTLET (gant'let), n. 1. Mil- 
itary punishment, in which 
stripped to his waist, was compelled to pass 
between two files of men, and each man gave 
him a stroke. 3. Arrangement of two rail- 
road tracks, by which the two inner rails cross 
each other and run close to the opposite outer 
rail. — Run the gantlet, undergo the punish- 
ment of the gantlet; go through much and 
severe criticism, controversy or ill-treatment. 
[Sw. gatlopp — gata, lane, and lopp, run.] 

GANYMEDE (gan-i-me'de), n. Greek Myth. 
Beautiful Trojan youth; succeeded Hebe as 
cup-bearer to Zeus; transferred by the eagle of 
Zeus, or by Zeus himself in the form of an 
eagle, to Olympus. 

GAOL, GAOLER. See JAIL, JAILER. 

GAP (gap), n. 1. Opening made by rupture or 
parting. 3. Passage or aperture; interstice; 
breach. 3. Hiatus. 4. Deep ravine in a 
mountain-ridge. [Ice. gap, opening.] 

GAP (gap), vt. [pr.p. GAP'PING; p.t. and p.p» 
GAPPED (gapt).] 1. Notch; jag; cut into 
teeth like those of a saw. 3. Make a brpak 
or opening in, as gap a fence, wall, or the like. 




Gannet (Sula 

bassana). 
the offender, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



GAPE 



523 



GARBOTE 



GAPE (gap or gap), vi. [pr.p. GAPING; p.t. 
and p.p. GAPED (gapt or gapt).] 1. Open 
the mouth wide in yawning. 2. Stare open- 
mouthed. [A. S. gedpan.] 

SYN. Gaze; stare. Gape and stare have a 
bad sense; the former is the result of igno- 
rance, the latter of impertinence; gaze has a 
good sense, as to gaze at a picture. 

GAPE (gap or gap), n. 1. Act of gaping; yawn. 
2. Width of the open mouth. 3. [-pi.] Fit of 
yawning. 4. [pi.] Disease of young fowls, 
characterized by much gaping. 

GAPER (g&'per or gap'per), n. One who gapes. 

GAPINGLT (gap'ing-li or ga'ping-li), adv. In a 
gaping manner. 

GAR (gar), GARFISH (gar'fish), n. Long fish 
with pointed head. [A. S. gar, dart.] 

GARAGE (gar'aj; Fr. ga-razh'), n. Place where 
automobiles are stored, repaired or hired. 
[Fr.] 

GARB (garb), n. 1. Fashion of dress. 2. Ex- 
ternal appearance. [O. Fr. garbe — O. Ger. ga- 
rawi, preparation, dress. Akin to GEAR.] 

GARB (garb), vt. [pr.p. GARB'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GARBED (garbd).] Dress; clothe; attire. 

GARBAGE (gar'baj), n. Refuse; offal. 

GARBLE (gar'bl), vt. [pr.p. GARBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. GARBLED (gar'bld).] Select out of a 
book or writing what may serve the purpose, 
in a bad sense; mutilate; corrupt. [O. Fr. — 
Sp. garbillar, sift.] 

GARBLER (gar'bler), n. One who garbles. 

GARCON (gar-sang'), n. Boy; waiter. [Fr.] 

GARDEN (gar'dn), n. 1. Piece of ground on 
which flowers, etc., are cultivated. 2. Place 
of amusement. [O. Fr. gardin. Allied to 
A. S. geard, yard.] 

GARDEN (gar'dn), vi. [pr.p. GAR'DENING; p.t. 
and p.p. GARDENED (gar'dnd).] Work in a 
garden; practice gardening. 

GARDENER (gar'dn-er), n. One who cultivates 
or has charge of a garden. 

GARDENING (gar'dn-ing), n. Art of laying out 
and cultivating gardens. 

GARGLE (gar'gl), vt. [pr.p. GARGLING; p.t. 
and p.p. GARGLED (gar'gld).] Make gurgle 
or bubble in the throat, without swallowing; 
wash (the throat) with a medicated liquid, pre- 
venting it from going down by expelling air 
against it. [O. Fr. gargouiller — gargouille, 
throat.] 

GARGLE (gar'gl), n. Medicated liquid for gar- 
gling. 

GARGOYLE (gar'goil), n. 
Projecting spout, con- 
veying the water from 
the roof-gutters of build- 
ings, often represent- 
ing human or other fig- 
ures. [Fr. gargouille, 
throat.] 

GARISH (gar'ish), a. 
Showy; dazzling; gaudy. 




Gargoyle. 
[0. E. gare, stare.] 



GARLAND (gar 'land), n. Wreath of flowers or 
leaves. [O. Fr. garlande.] 

GARLAND (gar 'land), vt. [pr.p. GAR'LANDING ; 
p.t. and p.p. GAR'LANDED.] Deck with a 
garland. 

GARLIC (gar'lik), n. Bulbous-rooted plant, 
having a strong odor and a pungent taste, used 
as seasoning. [A. S. gdrledc — gar, spear, and 
ledc, leek.] 

GARMENT (gar'ment), n. Article of clothing. 
[O. Fr. garnement — garnir, furnish.] 

GARNER (gar'ner), n. Granary or place where 
grain is stored up. [Fr. grenier — L. granaria, 
granary, from granum, grain.] 

GARNER (gar'ner), vt. [pr.p. GAR'NERING; 
p.t. and p.p. GARNERED (gar'nerd).] Store, 
as in a garner. 

GARNET (gar'net), n. 1. Precious stone re- 
sembling the grains or seeds of the pome- 
granate. 2. Deep red color. [Fr. grenat — L. 
(pomum) granatum, grained (apple), pome- 
granate — granum, grain.] 

GARNISH (garnish), vt. [pr.p. GAR'NISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. GARNISHED (giir'nisht).] 1. 
Furnish; adorn; surround with ornaments. 
2. Cookery. Place round as an ornament or 
relish; as, to garnish a dish with parsley. 
[Fr. garnir, fortify. Akin to WARN.] 

GARNISH (gar'nish), n. That which garnishes 
or embellishes; ornament. 

GARNISHEE (gar-nish-e'), vt. [pr.p. GAR- 
NISHEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. GARNISHEED 
(gar-nish-ed).] Law. Serve notice of garnish- 
ment on. 

GARNISHEE (gar-nish-e'), n. Person gar- 
nisheed. 

GARNISHER (gar'nish-er), n. 1. One who 
garnishees. 2. Law. Creditor who causes 
garnishee process to issue against a debtor 
of one he is suing for debt. 

GARNISHMENT (gar'nish-ment), n. 1. Orna- 
ment; embellishment; decoration. 2. Law. 
Warning or legal notice not to pay money, etc., 
to a defendant, but to appear and answer to a 
plaintiff creditor's suit. 

GARNITURE (gar'ni-tur), n. That which gar- 
nishes or embellishes; ornament; apparel; 
trimming. 

GARONNE (ga-ron'), n. River, S. France. 

GARRET (gar'et), n. Room next the roof of a 
house. [O. Fr. garite, place of lookout.] 

GARRISON (gar'i-sn), n. 1. Body of soldiers 
stationed in a town or fortress. 2. Fortified 
place. [O. Fr. gamison — garnir, furnish.] 

GARRISON (gar'i-sn), vt. [pr.p. GAR'BISON- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. GARRISONED (gar'i-snd).] 
1. Furnish (a fortress) with troops. 2. De- 
fend by fortresses manned with troops. 

GARROTE (gar-rot'), n. 1. Spanish mode of 
strangling criminals, originally with a cord 
placed over the neck and twisted tight by a 
stick. 2. Brass collar used in strangling. 
[Sp. garrote, cudgel.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GARROTE 



524 



GASTRONOMY 



GARROTE (gar-rot'), vt. [pr.p. GARRO TING; 
p.t. and p.p. GARRO'TED.] 1. Strangle by a 
brass collar tightened by a screw, whose point 
enters the spinal marrow. 2. Render insen- 
sible by semi-strangulation, and then rob. 

GARROTER (gar-ro'ter), n. One who garrotes. 

GARRULITY (gar-ro'li-ti), n. Quality of being 
garrulous. 

GARRULOUS (gar'o-lus), a. Given to much 
talking; loquacious; talkative. [L. garrulus 
— garrio, chatter.] 

GARTER (gar'ter), n. 1. Band or other device 
used to hold up the stocking. 2. Badge of the 
highest order of knighthood in Great Britain, 
called the Order of the Garter. [Norm. Fr. 
gartier.] 

GARTER (gar'ter), vt. [pr.p. GAR'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. GARTERED (gar'terd). Fasten up 
with a garter. 

GAS (gas), n. [pi. GAS'ES.] 1. In popular 
language, coal-gas. 2. Chetn. Any elastic 
aeriform fluid. 3. Boasting; bluster; gas- 
conade; froth. 4. Gas-flame. [A word coined 
by Tan Helmont, a chemist of Flanders, 
1577-1644, probably from Flem. geest, Ger. 
geist, spirit.] 

GAS (gas), v. [pr.p. GAS'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
GASSED (gast).] I. vt. 1. Supply with gas. 
2. Expose to the action of a gas-flame. II. vi. 

1. Throw out gas, as a defective coal heater. 

2. Talk nonsense; vapor. 
GAS-BURNER (gas'burn-er), n. Jet-piece or 

tip attached to a gas-fixture to spread out the 

flame; gas-tip. 
GAS-COAL (gas'kol), n. Any coal suitable for 

making illuminating gas. 
GASCONADE (gas-kon-ad'), n. Boasting or 

bragging; bravado. [From Gascony, a prov- 
ince of France.] 
GASCONADE (gas-kon-ad'), v* [pr.p. GAS- 
CON A'DING; p.t. and p.p. MtCONA'DED.] 

Brag or boast. 
GAS-ENGINE (gas'en-jin), n. Engine in which 

motion is communicated to the piston by the 

alternate admission and condensation of gas 

in a closed cylinder. 
GASEOUS (gas'e-us), a. In the form of gas or air. 
GAS-FITTER (gas'fit-er), n. One who fits up 

the pipes and brackets for gas-lighting. 
GAS-FIXTURE (gas'fiks-tur), n. Bracket or 

chandelier for gas. 
GASH (gash), vt. [pr.p. GASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GASHED (gasht).] Make a deep hack or cut 

in; especially applied to flesh. [O. Fr. garser, 

pierce with a lancet.] 
GASH (gash), n. Deep, open wound. 
GASIFICATION (gas-i-fl-ka'shun), n. Act or 

process of gasifying. 
GASIFOR3I (gas'i-farm), a. Gaseous. [GAS and 

FORM.] 
GASIFY (gas'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. GAS'IFYING; p.t. 

and p.p. GASIFIED (gas'i-fid).] Convert into 

gas. [GAS and -FY.] 



GAS-JET (gas'jet), n. 1. Gas-burner or tip. 2. 
Gas-flame. 

GASKET (gas'ket), n. 1. Naut. Canvas band 
used to bind the sails to the yards when 
furled. 2. Strip of tow, etc., for packing a 
piston. [Etym. doubtful.] 

GASLIGHT (gas 'lit), n. 1. Light produced by 
the combustion of coal-gas. 2. Gas-jet. 

GAS-MAIN (gas'man), n. One of the principal 
underground pipes conveying gas from the 
works to the places where it is consumed. 

GAS-METER (gas'me-ter), n. Instrument 
through which the gas is made to pass, in 
order to ascertain the number of cubic feet 
which is consumed in a given time. 

GASOLENE, GASOLINE (gas'o-len), n. Vola- 
tile fluid distilled from crude petroleum. [GAS, 
and L. oleum, oil.] 

GASOLENE-ENGINE (gas'o-len-en'jin), n. In- 
ternal combustion engine in which explosions 
of gasolene vapor and air are used as a motive 
power. Also called gasolene-motor. 

GASOMETER (gas-om'e-ter), n. 1. Instrument 
for measuring gas. 2. Reservoir for gas. 

GASP (gasp), vi. [pr.p. GASP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GASPED (gaspt).] Gape in order to catch 
breath; breathe laboriously or convulsively. 
[Ice. geispa, yawn.] 

GASP (gasp), n. Act of opening the mouth to 
catch the breath; painful catching of the 
breath. 

GASSY (gas'i), a. 1. Gaseous. 2. Given to 
vain and boastful talk. 

GAS-TAR (gas 'tar), n. Coal-tar. 

GASTEROPOD (gas'ter-o-pod), n. One of the 
Gasteropoda; gastropod. 

Gasteropoda (gas-ter-op'o-da), Gastrop- 
oda (gas-trop'o-da), n.pl. Class of mollusks, 
embracing whelks, limpets, snails and slugs, 
having in general a muscular disk under the 
belly, which serves them as feet. [Gr. gaster, 
stomach, and pous, podos, foot.] 

GAS-TIP (gas tip), n. Same as GAS-BURNER. 

GASTRIC (gas'trik), a. Of or pertaining to the 
belly or stomach. — Gastric juice, thin pellu- 
cid liquor, secreted by the glands of the stom- 
ach, the principal agent in digestion, con- 
taining pepsin as its characteristic compound. 
In the empty stomach it is neutral, but during 
digestion it becomes acid, from the separation 
of free hydrochloric acid. [Gr. gaster, stomach.] 

GASTRITIS (gas-tri'tis), n. Inflammation of the 
stomach. [Gr. gaster, stomach, and -ITIS.] 

GASTROGRAPH (gas'tro-graf), n. A mecha- 
nism for recording the movements of the 
stomach and the movement of the food during 
digestion. [Gr. gaster, stomach, and grapho, 
write.] 

GASTRONOMIC (gas-tro-nom'ik), a. Pertaining 
to gastronomy. 

GASTRONOMY (gas-tron'o-mi), n. Art or 
science of good eating; pleasure of the table. 
[Gr. gaster, stomach, and nomos, rule.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



GASTROPOD 



525 



GEAR 




Ancient City Gate. 



GASTROPOD (gas'tro-pod), n. One of the Gas- 
teropoda; gasteropod. 

GASTROSCOPE (gas'tro-skop), n. Med. Device 
by which the interior of the stomach can be 
examined. 

GATE (gat), n. 1. Passage 
into a city, inclosure, or 
large building. 2. Mov- 
able frame in the entrance 
into any inclosure, serv- 
ing to close it. [A. S. 
geat, opening.] 

GATE-MONET (gat'mun-i), 
n. Money taken for en- 
trance to an athletic or 
other exhibition. 

GATEWAY (gat'wa), n. 1. Way through a gate. 
2. Gate. 3. Any entrance; avenue; approach. 

GATHER (gafft'er), v. [pr.p. GATHERING; p.t. 
and p.p. GATHERED (gafft'erd).] I. vt. 1. 
Collect; acquire. 2. Plait. 3. Learn by in- 
ference. II. vi. 1. Assemble; muster. 2. 
Increase. 3. Suppurate. [A. S. garderian — 
gador, together.] 

SYN. Collect; collate; glean; infer. We 
gather from necessity or convenience; we 
collect from choice or design; we gather fruit; 
collect pictures. ANT. Distribute; dispose; 
dispense; deal. 

GATHER (gather), n. 1. Plait or fold in cloth 
made by drawing the thread through. 2. 
That part of the dress which is drawn in or 
gathered. 

GATHERER (gatfc'er-er), n. One who or that 
which gathers. 

GATHERING (gafft'er-ing), n. 1. Crowd or as- 
sembly. 2. Tumor or collection of matter. 

GAUCHE (gosh), a. Left-handed; awkward. 
[Fr.] 

GAUCHERIE (go-she-re'), n. Awkwardness; 
clumsiness. [Fr.] 

GAUD (gad), n. 1. Ornament. 2. Piece of 
finery. 3. \pl.] Showy ceremonies. [L. gau- 
dium, delight — gaudeo, rejoice.] 

GAUDERY (gad'er-i), n. Finery. 

GAUDILY (gad'i-li), adv. In a gaudy manner. 

GAUDINESS (gad'i-nes), n. Showiness. 

GAUDY (gad'i), a. [comp. GAUD'IER; superl. 
GAUD'IEST.] Showy; flashy; gay. 

GAUGE, GAUGER. See GAGE, GAGER. 

GAUL (gal), n. I. Name of ancient France. 2. 
Inhabitant of Gaul. [L. Gallia.] 

GAUNT (gant), a. 1. Thin; of a pinched appear- 
ance. 2. Hungry; famishing. [Norw. gand.] 

GAUNTLET (gantlet), n. 1. Iron glove of 
armor, formerly thrown down in challenge. 
2. Long glove covering the wrist. [Fr. 
gantelet.'] 

GAUTAMA (gow-ta-ma/), n. Family name of 
Buddha. 

GAUZE (gaz), n. 1. Thin, transparent fabric, 
originally of silk. 2. Light open-woven 
material of any kind, as wire-gauze. [Fr. 



gaze — Gaza in Palestine, whence it was first 

brought.] 
GAUZINESS (gaz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being gauzy. 
GAUZY (gaz'i), a. Like gauze; thin and di- 
aphanous. 
GAVE (gav), v. Past tense of GIVE. 
GAVEL (gav'l), n. 1. Mallet used by a presiding 

officer. 2. Mason's mallet. [O. Fr. gavelle.] 
GAVOTTE (ga-vot), n. 1. Vivacious, dignified 

French dance. 2. Music in the rhythm of 

this dance. [Fr.] 
GAWK (gak), n. 1. Cuckoo. 2. Simpleton; 

awkward fellow. [A. S. geac, cuckoo.] 
GAWK (gak), vi. [pr.p. GAWKING; p.t. and 

p.p. GAWKED (gakt).] Behave in a gawky 

or stupid manner. 
GAWKINESS (gak'i-nes), n. Quality of being 

gawky. 
GAWKY (gak'i), a. Awkward; ungainly; stu- 
pid. 
GAWP (gap), vi. [pr.p. GAWP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GAWPED (gapt).] 1. Stare in a dazed manner, 

with the mouth open. 2. Gape. [Variant of 

GAPE.] 
GAY (ga), a. Lively; bright; sportive; merry; 

showy. [Fr. gai t probably from root of Ger. 

jaehe, sudden.] 
GAYETY (ga'e-ti), n. Same as GAIETY. 
GAYLY, GAILY (ga'li), adv. In a gay or joyous 

manner; blithely; joyfully; merrily. 
GAZE (gaz), vi. [pr.p. GA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 

GAZED (gazd).] Look fixedly. [Sw. gasa, 

stare.] 

SYN. Contemplate; behold; regard; view; 

stare; gape. See GAPE. ANT. Ignore; 

overlook; disregard. 
GAZE (gaz), n. 1. Fixed look. 2. Object gazed 

at. 
GAZELLA (ga-zel'a), w. Zool. Typical genus of 

gazelles. [L.L.] 
GAZELLE (ga-zeF), n. 

Small graceful species 

of antelope (genus Ga- 

zella), with beautiful 

dark eyes, in Arabia and 

N. Africa. [Ar. ghaal.] 
GAZER (ga'zer), n. One 

who gazes. 
GAZETTE (ga-zef), n. 1. 

Newspaper. 2. [G-] Brit- 
ish or Continental of- 

cial newspaper. [Fr. — 

It. gazzetta.] 
GAZETTE (ga-zef), vt. [pr.p. GAZET'TTNG; 

p.t. and p.p. GAZET'TED.] Publish or an- 
nounce in a gazette. 
GAZETTEER (gaz-et-ter'), n. 1. Writer for 

a gazette. 2. Geographical dictionary. 
GEAR (ger), n. 1. Dress; harness; tackle. 2. 

Connection by means of toothed wheels. [A. 

S. gearwe, preparation — gearu, ready.] 
GEAR (ger), vt. [pr.p. GEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 




Gazelle. 



fite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
il=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, taen, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



GEARING 



536 



GENERALIZATION 




Common Gecko. 



GEARED (gerd).] 1. Put in gear, as machin- 
ery. 2. Equip or harness. 

GEARING (ger'ing), n. 1. Harness. 2. Train 
of toothed wheels and pinions, or other work- 
ing parts of a machine. 

GECKO (gek'o), n. 
Wall lizard. 

GEE (je), v. [pr.p. 
GEE'ING ; p.t. 
and p.p. GEED 
(jed).] I. vt. 
Cause to move 
to the right, or 
from the driver, 
who walks on the left side. II. vi. Move to 
the right, away from the driver; opposed 
to HAW. 

GEE (je), inter). Word of command, addressed 
to oxen or horses, to urge a move to the off 
side or forward. 

GEESE (ges), n. Plural of goose. 

GEEZ (ge-ezO, n. Ancient language of Ethiopia, 
a Semitic tongue closely related to Arabic. 
[Ethiopic] 

GEHENNA (ge-hen'a), n. 1. Valley of Hinnom 
(ge-hinnom), where sacrifices to Moloch 
were offered. 2. Place of eternal torment; 
hell. [L. — Heb. ge-hinnom, valley of Hinnom.] 

GEISHA (ga-shaO, n. Japanese dancing girl. 
[Jap.] 

GEISSLER TUBE (gis'ler tub). A sealed tube 
containing a gas which becomes lumi- 
nous when charged by an electric current from 
an induction coil. [After Heinrich Geissler, 
German mechanician.] 

GEIST (gist), n. Spirit; hence, any inspiring or 
dominating principle. [Ger.] 

GELATIN, GELATINE (jel'a-tin), n. Animal 
substance which dissolves in hot water and 
forms a jelly when cold. [Fr. — L. gelo, freeze.] 

GELATINATE (jel-at'i-nat), v. [pr.p. GEL- 
AT'INATING; p.t. and p.p. GELATINATED.] 

I. vt. Make into gelatin or jelly-like substance. 

II. vi. Be converted into gelatin or jelly. 
GELATINATION (jel-at-i-na'shun), n. Act or 

process of converting or being converted 

into gelatin or jelly-like substance. 
GELATINIZE (jel-at'i-nlz), vt. and vi. Same as 

GELATINATE. 
GELATINOUS (jel-at'i-nus), a. Consisting of 

or resembling gelatin. 
GELATION (je-la'shun),n. Solidification by cold. 
GELD (geld), vt. [pr.p. GELDING; p.t. and p.p. 

GELD'ED.] 1. Emasculate. 2. Deprive of 

anything essential. [Ice. gelda.] 
GELDING (gelding), n. Castrated animal, 

especially a horse. 
GELID (jel'id), a. Icy cold; cold. [L. gelidus, 

cold.] 
GEM (jem), n. 1. Bud. 2. Precious stone 

especially when cut. 3. Anything extremely 

valuable or attractive. 4. Small, round cake. 

[L. gemma.] 



GEM (jem), vt. [pr.p. GEM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
GEMMED (jemd).] Adorn with gems. 

GEMINATION (jem-i-na'shun), n. 1. Doubling. 
2. Repetition. 

GEMINI (jem'i-nl), n. pi. Constellation of the 
zodiac, representing the twins Castor and 
Pollux. [L., twins.] 

GEM3IATE (jem'at), a. Having buds. 

GEMMATION (jem-ma'shun), n. 1. Act or 
time of budding. 2. Arrangement of buds 
on the stalk. [L. gemma, bud.] 

GEMSBOK (gemz'bok), n. Zool. South African 
antelope with long 
tapering horns, 
forming efficient 
weapons of defense 
{Oryx capensis). 

-GEN, suffix. Produced ; 
producing. [Gr. gen- 
nao, produce.] 

GENDARME (zhang- 
darm'), n. 1. Mem- 
ber of armed police 
of France. 2. For- 
merly, knight; cav- 
alryman. [Fr. gens 

GENDER (jen'der), vt. 




Gemsbok {Oryx capensis). 



d'armes, men-at-arms.] 
[pr.p. GENDERING; p.t. 
and p.p. GENDERED (jen'derd).] Beget. [Abbr. 
Of ENGENDER.] 

GENDER (jen'der), n. 1. Kind. 2. Sex. 3. 
Gram. Formal distinction of words (nouns, 
etc.), in three classes, masculine, feminine 
and neuter, according to sex. [Fr. genre — L. 
genus, generis, kind, kin.] 

GENEALOGICAL (jen-e-a-loj'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to genealogy. 

GENEALOGIST (jen-e-al'o-jist), n. One who 
studies or traces genealogies. 

GENEALOGY (jen-e-al'o-ji), n. [pi. GENEALO- 
GIES.] 1. History of the descent of families. 
2. Pedigree of a particular person or family. 
[Gr. genealogia — genea, birth, descent, and 
-logos, science.] 

GENERA (jen'e-ra), n. Plural of GENUS. 

GENERAL (jen'er-al), I. a. 1. Relating to a 
whole class; not special. 2. Viewed as a 
whole. 3. Not restricted in scope, as general 
agent. 4. Common; prevalent; usual. 5. 
Loose; vague. II. n. 1. Whole or chief part. 

2. Officer who is head over a whole depart- 
ment. 3. Military officer who commands 
a body of men not less than a brigade. 4. 
Chief commander of an army in service. [O. 
Fr. — L. generalis — genus.] 

GENERALISSIMO (jen-er-al-is'i-mo), n. Chief 
commander of an army or of separate armies. 
[It.] 

GENERALITY (jen-er-aL'i-ti), n. 1. State of 
being general. 2. Main part; greatest part. 

3. Vague statement or principle. [Fr. — L. 
generalitus.] 

GENERALIZATION (jen-er-al-i-za'shun), n. 
1. Act of comprehending under a common 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



GENERALIZE 



527 



GENTEEL 



name several objects resembling each other 
in some part of their nature. 2. Deduction 
of a general principle from particulars. 

GENERALIZE (jen'er-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. GENER- 
ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. GENERALIZED 
(jen'er-al-izd).] Make general; reduce to or 
include under a general term; infer from one 
or a few, as the nature of a whole class. [Fr. 
generaliser — general.] 

GENERALLY (jen'er-al-i), adv. 1. In general; 
commonly. 2. Extensively; most frequently. 
3. In a general way; without detail. 4. Col- 
lectively; together. 

GENERALSHIP (jen'erTal-ship), n. 1. Office or 
skill of a general or military officer. 2. Dip- 
lomatic or strategic skill. 

GENERATE (jen'er-at), vt. [pr.p. GENERA- 
TING ; p.t. and p.p. GENERATED.] Produce ; 
bring into life; originate. [L. genero — genus, 
kind.] 

GENERATION (jen-er-a'shun), n. 1. Produ- 
cing or originating. 2. That which is gener- 
ated. 3. Single stage in natural descent. 4. 
People of the same age or period. 5. Age of 
a generation; average lifetime. 

SYN. Age; period; era; epoch; century; 
cycle; eon. 

GENERATIVE (jen'er-a-tiv), a. Having the 
power of generating or producing; prolific. 

GENERATOR (jen'er-a-tur), w. 1. Begetter; 
producer. 2. Elec. Apparatus for main- 
taining an electric current; dynamo; voltaic 
battery. 3. Aviation. Device for generating 
hydrogen gas, specially intended for inflating 
balloons. See cut under HYDROGEN-GEN- 
ERATOR. 




Electric Current Generator. 

GENERIC (je-ner'ik), GENERICAL (je-ner'- 
ik-al), a. Marking or comprehending a genus. 
[Fr. generique.] 

GENERICALLY (je-ner'ik-al-i), adv. With 
regard to genus or generic characteristics. 

GENEROSITY (jen-er-os'i-ti), n. Nobleness or 
liberality of nature. [Fr. generosite — L. gen- 
ero sit as.] 

GENEROUS (jen'er-us), a. 1. Of a noble nature; 
well-born. 2. Courageous. 3. Liberal. 4. 
Invigorating in its nature, as wine. 5. Abun- 
dant; full. [O. Fr — L. generosus — genus, birth.] 



GENEROUSLY (jen'er-us-li), adv. In a generous 
manner. 

GENESIS (jen'e-sis), n. 1. Generation; creation 
or production. 2. Manner of producing. 3. 
Theory of the origin of something. 4. [G-] 
First book of the Old Testament. [Gr.] 

GENET (je-nef), n. Kind of civet-cat, found 
around the Mediterranean. [Ar. jarneit.] 

GENET (jen'et), n. Same as JENNET. 

GENETIC (je-net'rk), GENETICAL (je-net'ik- 
al), a. Pertaining to generation or origin. 

GENEVA (je-ne'va), n. Largest city of Swit- 
zerland. 

Geneva, Lake of, Lake Leman. Be- 
tween Switzerland and France. Area 82 sq. m. 

GENIAL (je'ni-al), a. Cheering; merry; kindly; 
sympathetic; healthful. [Fr. L. genialis — 
genius, the spirit of social enjoyment.] 

GENIALITY (je-ni-al'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being genial. 

GENIE (je'ni), n. One of the genii. 

GENII (je'ni-i), n. Plural of GENIUS, presiding 
spirit. 

GENITAL (jen'i-tal), a. Belonging to generation 
or the act of producing; reproductive. 

GENITIVE (jen'i-tiv), n. Gram. Case in the de- 
clension of nouns, adjectives, pronouns, parti- 
ciples, etc., expressing source, origin, pos- 
session, and the like; possessive case. [L. 
gigno, genitum, beget.] 

GENIUS (jen'yus), n. 1. Special inborn faculty 
of an individual; special aptitude or disposi- 
tion for a particular employment. 2. Supe- 
rior inborn power of mind. 3. Distinguishing 
disposition or tendency, as of a nation, lan- 
guage, etc. 4. [pi. GENIUSES (jen'yus-ez).] 
Person endowed with uncommon intellectual 
powers. [L.; from gigno, beget.] 

SYN. Talent; talents. Genius is an in- 
nate mental endowment; talent is acquisi- 
tive and imitative rather than original. 
ANT. Senselessness; stupidity; dullness. 

GENIUS (je'ni-us), GENIE (je'ni), n. [pi. GENII 
(je'ni-i).] Good or evil spirit, supposed by the 
ancients to preside over every person, place, 
and thing, and especially to preside over a 
man's destiny from his birth. [L. genius, 
one's tutelar spirit; from gigno, beget.] 

GENOA (jen'6-a), n. Seaport city, N. Italy, on 
gulf of same name. 

-GENOUS, suffix. Bearing; born. [L. genus, 
birth.] 

GENRE (zhang'r), n. Style; sort; genus. A 
genre picture or painting is one of a style 
illustrative of common every-day life. [Fr.] 

GENS (jenz), n. [pi. GENTES (jen'tez).] In 
ancient Rome, a clan including several fami- 
lies descended from a common ancestor. [L.] 

GENT (jent), n. Abbreviated form of GENTLE- 
MAN; used only colloquially or humorously. 

GENTEEL (jen-tel'), a. 1. Well-bred. 3. Grace- 
ful in manners or in form. 3. Fashionable. 
[Fr. gentil.] 



** te , «*. », ^^%^^^f^^^^J^ iass*.*** ^ ** "* 



GENTIAN 



528 



GEOMETRID^E 




GENTIAN (jen'shan), n. Plant of many species, 
(genus Gentiana), some beautiful, 
some medicinal. 

GENTILE (jen'til), I. n. 1. One not 
a Jew. 2. One neither a Jew nor 
a Christian. 3. In Utah, one not 
a Mormon. 4. [g-] Gram. Noun 
or adjective denoting race, country 
or locality. II. a. 1. Belonging 
to any nation but the Jews. 2. 
Non-3Iormon. 3. [g-] Of or be- 
longing to a gens or clan. 4. [g-J 
Gram. Denoting, race, country, 
or locality. [L. gentilis — gens, na- 
tion.] 

SYN. Heathen; pagan. Gentiles were all 
peoples except the Jews; heathens and 
pagans are all peoples practicing idolatry. 
Heathen is more frequently applied to cul- 
tivated pagan nations like the Greek and 
Roman. 

GENTILITY (jen-til'i-ti), n. Good birth or ex- 
traction; good breeding; politeness of man- 
ners. 

GENTLE (jen'tl), a. 1. Well-born. 2. Mild 
and refined in manners; mild in disposition. 
3. Soft; not strong. 4. Moderate; mild. 5. 
Gradual. [Fr. — L. gentilis. See GENTEEL.] 

SYN. Courteous ; polite ; high-bred ; mild ; 
blend; tame; docile; meek. ANT. Rough; 
rude; coarse; fierce; savage. 

GENTLEFOLK (jen'tl-fok), n.pl. Persons of 
good family or above the vulgar. [See FOLK.] 

GENTLE3IAN (jen'tl-man), n. [pi. GENTLE- 
MEN; fern. GENTLEWOMAN.] 1. Man of 
gentle or good birth, above the yeoman. 2. 
A man of refined manners and good behavior. 

GENTLEMANLIKE (jen'tl-man-lik), GENTLE- 
MANLY (jen'tl-man-li), a. Well-bred; refined; 
generous. 

GENTLENESS (jen'tl-nes), n. 1. Sweetness of 
disposition. 2. Easiness; softness. 

GENTLEWOMAN (jen'tl-wom-an), n [pi. GEN- 
TLEWOMEN (jen'tl-wim-en).] Lady. See 
GENTLEMAN. 

GENTLY (jen'tli), adv. 1. In a gentle manner; 
softly; tenderly. 2. In a manner character- 
istic of the gentry or persons of high birth. 

GENTOO (jen-to), n. Hindu. [Pg. gentio, gen- 
tile.] 

GENTRY (jen'tri), n. 1. In England, class of 
people between the nobility and the yeomanry. 
2. Educated and well-bred people. 3. Any 
particular class of people. (Colloq.) 

GENUFLECTION, GENUFLEXION (jen-u-flek'- 
shun), n. Act of bending the knee, espe- 
cially in worship. [L. genu, knee, and flecto, 
flexum, bend.] 

GENUINE (jen'u-in), a. Natural; not spurious 
or adulterated; real; pure; true. [Fr. — L. 
genuinus, inborn.] 

SYN. Native; true; authentic; unalloyed; 
intrinsic; trustworthy; unadulterated; veri- 



table. ANT. Spurious; bogus; sham; coun- 
terfeit; fictitious; adulterated. 

GENUINELY (jen'u-in-li), adv. In a genuine 
manner; purely; truly. 

GENUINENESS (jen'u-in-nes), n. Quality of 
being genuine. 

GENUS (je'nus), n. [pi. GENERA.] 1. Biol. 
Group consisting of a number of species close- 
ly connected by common characters or natu- 
ral affinity. 2. Logic. Class of objects divisible 
into two or more subordinate classes. [L. 
genus, origin, kind; from gigno, beget.] 

GEO-, prefix. Used in words derived from the 
Greek, and referring to the earth. [Gr. ge, 
earth.] 

GEOCENTRIC (je-6-sentrik), GEOCENTRIC- 
AL (je-6-sen'trik-al), a. 1. Having the earth 
for its center. 2. Astron. As seen or 
measured from the earth. [Gr. ge, the earth, 
and Jcentron, center.] 

GEOCYCLIC (je-6-sik'lik), a. Pertaining to 
the revolutions of the earth. [GEO- and 
CYCLIC] 

GEODE (je'od), n. Min. and Geol. Nodule of 
stone with a hollow interior lined with crys- 
tals. [Gr. geodes, earth-like — ge, earth, and 
eidos, form.] 

GEODESY (je-od'e-si), n. Survey of large por- 
tions of the earth's surface, taking into ac- 
count its curvature, elevations, etc. [Gr. ge, 
earth, and daio, divide.] 

GEOGRAPHER (je-og'ra-fer), n. One who is 
versed in, or who writes on, geography. 

GEOGRAPHIC (je-6-graf'ik% GEOGRAPHICAL 
(je-6-graf ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to geog- 
raphy. 

GEOGRAPHY (je-og'ra-fi), n. [pi. GEOGRA- 
PHIES.] 1. Science which describes the sur- 
face of the earth and its inhabitants. 2. Book 
containing a description of the earth. [Gr. 
ge, earth, and graphe, description — graphb, 
write.] 

GEOLOGIC (je-6-loj'ik), GEOLOGICAL (je-6- 
loj 'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to geology. 

GEOLOGIST (je-ol!'o-jist), n. One versed in 
geology. 

GEOLOGY (je-ol'o-ji), n. Science of the struc- 
ture and history of the earth. [GEO- and 
-LOGY.] 

GEOMETER (je-om'e-ter), n. 1. One skilled 
in geometry; geometrician. 2. Measuring- 
worm. [Gr. ge, earth, and metron, meas- 
ure.] 

GEOaiETRIC, GEOMETRICAL (je-6-met'rik- 
al), a. Pertaining to geometry; according to 
or done by geometry. 

GEOMETRICIAN (je-om-e-trish'an), n. One 
versed in geometry; mathematician. 

GEOMETRID (je-om'e-trid), n. Larva of the 
Geometridw; measuring-worm. 

GEOMETRID^] (je-6-met'ri-de), n.pl. Entom. 
Typical family of a group of moths whose 
larvae are known as loopers or measuring- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






GEOMETRIZE 



529 



GERUNDIVE 




worms. [Gr. geometres, land-measurer — ge, 
earth, and metron, measure] 

GEOMETRIZE (je-om'e-triz), vi. [pr.p. GEOM'- 
ETRIZING; p.t. and p.p. GEOMETRIZED 
(je-om'e-trizd).] Study or practice geometry. 

GEOMETRY (je-om'e-tri), n. [pi. GEOME- 
TRIES.] 1. Branch of mathematics which 
treats of magnitude of space and its rela- 
tions. 2. Text-book of geometry. [Gr. geo- 
metria — gS, earth, and metron, measure.] 

GEORGE (jarj), LAKE. In the Adirondacks, 
New York. 

GEORGIA (jar'ji-a), n. 1. One of the U. S. Area, 
59,436 sq. m. Capital, Atlanta. 2. A coun- 
try in Asia. 

Georgian (jar'jan), n. 

Member of a pure Cauca- 
sian race in Georgia, Asia. 
GEORGIC (jar'jik), I. n. A 

poem relating to agricul- 
ture or rural affairs, as the 

Georgics of Virgil. II. a. 

Relating to agricultural 

affairs. [Gr. ge, earth, and 

ergon, work.] 
GEOTROPISM (je-ot'ro- Georgian. 

pizm), n. Bot. Downward growth of plants. 
GERANINE (je'ra-nin), n. Peculiar red-tinted 

aniline dye. [GERANIUM 

and IN.] 
GERANT (zha-rang'), n. Acting 

manager of a joint-stock 

association or newspaper 

establishment. [Fr.] 
GERANIUM (je-ra'ni-um), n. 

Plant with seed-vessels like 

a crane's bill. [Gr. geranos, 

crane.] 
GERENUK (ge-re-nok'), n. Geranium (genus 

Species of .African gazelle Pelargonium). 

with a very long neck (Lithocranius walleri). 

[Adapted from the native African name.] 
GERM (jerm), w. 1. Rudimentary form of a new 

plant or animal. 

2. Origin; first >^^4fe £$?**%. 

principle. 3. Mi- JT \\ ''§$* >) <'~*»W* 

cro-organism; f \ ,\\ v '''$£ %i '& •-, 

microbe; bacte- 
rium. — Germ 

theory, theory 

that zymotic dis- 
eases are caused 

by presence of 

micro-organ- 
isms inthebody. 

[L.germen,b\id.] 
GERMAN (jer'- 

man), G E R - Disease Germs. 

MANE (jer- Consumption. Grip. 

man'), a. 1. Of the first degree, as cousins- 
german. 2. Closely allied; relevant. [Fr. — 
L. germanus, prob. — germen, bud, origin.] 






GERMAN (jer'-man), I. n. [pi. GERMANS.] 1. 
Native of Germany. 2. Ger- 
man language. [g-] 3. 
The cotillion or party at 
which it is danced. II. a. 
Of or from Germany.— 
High- German, language or 
dialects of central and 
southern Germany. — Low- 
German, language or dia- 
lects of northern Germany. 
The Anglo-Saxons were 
Low Germans. The liter- 
ature of Germany is chiefly otto Edward Leo- 
High German. [L. Ger- pold von Bismarck, 
mani, from their Gallic g^m an state* man. 
name of uncertain mean- 1898. 

GERMANIC (jer-man'ik), I. a. Pertaining to 
Germany or to the Teutonic race. II. n. 
Teutonic. 

GERMANISM (jer'man-izm), n. 1. Idiom or 
phrase peculiar to the German language. 2. 
Characteristic German custom, idea, institu- 
tion, or spirit. 

GERMAN-SILVER (jer'man-sil-ver), n. Alloy 
of copper, nickel, and zinc, white like silver, 
and first made in Germany. 

GERMANY (jer'man-i), n. Empire in central 
Europe. Area 208,830 sq. m. 

GERMICIDE (jer'mi-sid), n. Substance used 
for destroying the germs Of a disease. [GERM, 
and L. ccedo, kill.] 

GERMICULTURE (jer'mi-kul-tur), n. Artifi- 
cial culture of disease germs or bacteria. 
[GERM and CULTURE.] 

GERMINAL (jer'mi-nal), a. Pertaining to a 
germ. 

GERMINATE (jer'mi-nat), vi. [pr.p. GERMI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. GER'MINATED.] 
Spring from a germ; begin to grow. [L. germ- 
ino, sprout.] 

GERMINATION (jer-mi-na'shun), 
process of germinating. 

GERMINATIVE (jer'mi-na-tiv), o, 
pertaining to germination. 2. 
cause germination. 

GERRYMANDER (ger'i-man-der), 

GERRYMANDERING; p.t. and p.p. GERRY- 
MANDERED (ger'i-man-derd).] Divide as, 
a State, into political districts so as to give one 
party an unfair advantage. [Elbridge Gerry, 
governor of Massachusetts when the plan was 
devised.] 

GERRYMANDER (ger'i-man-der), n. Act of 
gerrymandering. 

GERUND (jer'und), n. 1. Part of the Latin verb 
used as a noun. 2. Similar form of the verb 
in other languages, as in English "a hall 
designed for dancing.'* [L. gerundium — gero, 
carry on.] 

GERUNDIVE (je'run-div), n. Term applied in 
Latin grammar to future participle passive. 



n. Act or 

1. Of or 

Tending to 



vt. 



[pr.p. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GERYON 



530 



GIFT 



GERYON (je'ri-on), n. Greek Myth. A three- 
headed monster with three bodies killed by 
Hercules, who carried off his cattle. 

GESTATION (jes-ta'shun), n. 1. Carrying the 
young in the womb. 2. Carrying; exercise 
by being carried, as on horseback. [L. gesto, 
carry.] 

GESTICULATE (jes-tik'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. GES- 
TICULATING; p.t. and p.p. GESTICULA- 
TED.] 3Iake gestures or motions when speak- 
ing; play antic tricks. [L. gesticulor — gero, 
carry.] 

GESTICULATION (jes-tik-u-la'shun), n. 1. 
Act of gesticulating. 2. Art of making ges- 
tures. 3. Gesture. 

GESTURE (jes'tur), n. Position, or movement 
of the body, expressive of sentiment or passion. 
[L.L. geslura, mode of action — L. gero, carry.] 

GET (get), v. [pr.p. GET'TING; p.t. GOT; p.p. 
GOT or GOTTEN (got'n).] I. vt. 1. Obtain. 
2. Beget. 3. Learn. 4. Persuade; cause. 
5. Take; betake. 6. Carry; bring. II. vi. 
Arrive; put one's self in a place, state or con- 
dition; become. — Get at, reach. — Get off, es- 
cape. — Get on, proceed; advance. — Get over, 
surmount. — Get through,fLn\s,\x. — Get up, arise ; 
ascend. [A. S. gitan.] 

SYN. Gain; procure; win; acquire; earn; 
obtain; achieve; attain; secure; receive. 
One gets whatever he comes to possess in 
any way; he gains by striving; he earns 
what he gives an equivalent for; he wins 
by hazard or chance. ANT. Lose; surren- 
der; forego; miss. 

GEWGAW (gu'ga), I. n. Toy; bauble; 
trifle. II. a. Showy; without value. 
givegove, trifling gift — root of GIVE.] 

GEYSER(gi'ser),n. Spring 
which throws out hot 
or cold water, mud, etc. 
[Ice. geysa, gush.] 

GHASTLINESS (gast'li- 
nes), n. Quality of being 
ghastly. 

GHASTLY (gast'li), a. 
Death -like; haggard; 
hideous. [A. S. gmstlic, 
terrible. See AGHAST.] 

GHAT, GHAUT (gat), n. 
1. Mountain-pass. 2. 
Mountain-range. 3. 
Landing place. [India.] 

GHENT (gent), n. Capital 
of E. Flanders, Belgium. 

GHERKIN (ger'kin), n. 
Small cucumber used 
agurkje.] 

Ghetto (get'o), n. [pi. 

1. Quarter of an Italian city in which formerly 
the Jews were compelled to live. 2. Part of 
a city where Jews are numerous. 
GHOST (gost), n. 1. Breath; spirit. 2. Soul of 
a dead person. 3. Unearthly apparition; 



showy 
[M. E. 




Geyser. 
for pickling. [Dut. 

GHETTOS (get'dz).] 



spirit. 4. Mere shadow. — Holy Ghost, third 
person in the Trinity. [A. S. gdst.] 

GHOSTLINESS (gost'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being ghostly. 

GHOSTLY (gost'li), a. 1. Spiritual. 2. Pertain- 
ing to apparitions; supernatural; ghost-like; 
ghastly. 

GHOUL (gol), n. 1. Demon supposed to feed on 
the dead; ogre. 2. Grave-robber. [Pers. 
ghul.] 

GIANT (ji'ant), n. [fern. GI'ANTESS.] 1. Man 
of extraordinary size. 2. Person of extraor- 
dinary powers. 3. In ancient Greek and 
Roman mythology, a gigantic being supposed 
to be the offspring of Uranus and Gaea, 
literally, heaven and earth. [Fr. geant — Gr. 
gigas.] 

GIAOUR (jowr), n. Infidel, term applied by the 
Turks to all who are not of their own religion. 
[Pers. gdwr.] 

GIBBER (gib'er), vi. [pr.p. GIB 'BERING; p.t. 
and p.p. GIBBERED (gib'erd).] Jabber. 

GIBBERISH (gib'er-ish), I. n. Rapid, gabbling 
talk; unmeaning words. II. a. Unmeaning. 
[Imitation of the sound.] 

GIBBET (jib'et), n. 1. Gallows. 2. Projecting 
beam of a crane. [Fr. gibet.] 

GIBBET (jib'et), vt. [pr.p. GIB 'BETING; p.t. 
and p.p. GIBBETED.] Expose on a gibbet; 
execute; expose to scorn. 

GIBBON (gib'un), n. Long-armed, tailless ape 
native of the East Indies. 

GIBBOSITY (gib-bos 'i-ti), n. 1. State of being 
gibbous. 2. Hump. 

GIBBOUS (gib'us), a. 1. Hump-backed. 2. 
Swelling, convex, as the moon when nearly 
full. [L. gibbosus — gibber, humped.] 

GIBE (jib), v. [pr.p. GI'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
GIBED (jibd).] I. vt. Sneer at; mock; taunt. 
II. vi. Make use of sneering or taunting ex- 
pressions; sneer; flout. [Ice. geipa, talk non- 
sense.] 

GIBE (jib), n. Expression of sarcastic scorn or 
contempt; sneer; scoff; taunt. 

GIBER (ji'ber), n. One who makes use of 
gibes. 

GIBINGLY (ji'bing-li), adv. In a gibing man- 
ner. 

GIBLETS (jib 'lets), n. pi. 1. Eatable internal 
parts of a fowl. 2. Tatters; shreds. [O. 
Fr. gibelet.] 

GIBRALTAR (ji-bral'tar), n. Town and fortified 
rock, S. Spain. See cut under FORTRESS. 

GID (gid), n. Staggers in sheep, caused by the 
presence in the brain of the larva of the dog's 
tapeworm. [From GIDDY.] 

GIDDILY (gid'i-li), adv. In a giddy manner. 

GIDDINESS (gid'i-nes), n. State or quality of 
being giddy. 

GIDDY (gid'i), a. 1. Foolish; frivolous, incon- 
stant; thoughtless. 2. Dizzy. 3. That causes 
giddiness. 4. Whirling. [A. S. gidig.] 

GIFT (gift), n. 1. Thing given. 2. Quality 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te ; not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



GIFT 



531 



GIN-SLING 




bestowed by nature. 3. Act or right of giving. 
[A. S.; from gipan, give.] 

SYN. Donation; present; gratuity; en- 
dowment; talent; faculty. ANT. Compen- 
sation; remuneration; guerdon. 

GIFT (gift), vt. [pr.p. GIFTING; p.U and p.p. 
GIFT'ED.] Endow with any power or faculty. 

GIFTED (gift'ed), a. Well endowed by nature; 
talented. 

GIG (gig), n. 1. Light, two-wheeled, one-horse 
carriage. 2. Long, light boat. 3. Any 
light, quickly moving thing. 4. Fun; sport. 
5. Silly girl. 6. Fishing-spear or harpoon. 
[Ice. gigja, fiddle; Fr. gigue, lively dance.] 

GIG (gig), v. [pr.p. GIGGING; p.U and p.p. 
GIGGED (gigd).] I. vt. Spear with a gig. II. 
vi. Fish with a gig. 

GIGANTIC (ji-gan'tik), a. Of the nature of or 
like a giant; colossal; immense. [See GIANT.] 

GIGGLE (gig'l), vi. {pr.p. GIGGLING; p.U and 
p.p. GIGGLED (gig'ld).] Laugh with short 
catches of the breath, or in a silly manner. 
[From the sound.] 

GIGGLE (gig'l), n. Silly convulsive laugh; titter. 

GIGGLER (gig'ler), n. One who giggles. 

Gila monster 

(he'la mon'- 
ster). Large poi- 
sonous lizard 
(Heloderma sus- 
pectum)t having 
tubercular scales 
in Arizona.! 

GILD (gild), vU [pr.p. GILDING; p.U and p.p. 
GILD'ED or GILT.] 1. Cover or overlay with 
gold. 2. Adorn with luster; give a splendid, 
deceptive appearance to. [A. S. gyldan. See 
GOLD.] 

GILD (gild), n. Same as GUILD. 

GILDER (gild'er), n. One who gilds or prac- 
tices gilding as a trade. 

GILDING (gilding), n. 1. Art or practice of 
overlaying with gold. 2. That which is laid 
on in, or as in, overlaying with gold. 

GILDING-METAL (gilding-met-al), n. Alloy 
composed of copper, brass, and tin. 

GILDING-SIZE (gilding-siz), n. Kind of size 
used by gilders. 

GILL (gil), n. 1. Breathing organ in fishes and 
certain other aquatic animals. 2. Wattle of 
a fowl. [Dan. gieelle.] 

GILL (gil), vt. [pr.p. GILL'ING; p.U and p.p. 
GILLED (gild).] Catch hy the gills, as fish 
in a gill-net. 

GILL (jil), n. Measure of liquids 
Fr. gelle.] 

GILLIE, GILLY (gil'i), n. 

IISc.3 
GILL-NET (gil 'net), n. Net suspended vertically 
in the water from floats on the surface by 
means of metallic weights, so that fish in 
attempting to get through catch their gills 




Gila Monster. 
[Named from Gila river, 



\ pint. [O. 



Youth; manservant. 




Gillyflowers. 



GILLYFLOWER (jil'i-flow-er), n. 1. Popular 
name for stock, wall- 
flower, etc., so called 
from its clove-like 
smell. 2. Kind of ap- 
ple. [Fr. giroflee — Gr. 
karyophyllon, clove- 
tree — karyon, nut, and 
phyllon, leaf.] 
GILT (gilt), I. a. Gilded. 

II. n. Gilding. 
GIMBALS (jim'balz),w.pZ. 
Two rings for suspend- 
ing the mariner's com- 
pass so as to keep it 
always horizontal. [L. 
gemelli, twins.] 
GIMCRACK (jim'krak), 

n. Toy; trivial mechanism. 
GIMLET (gim'let), n. Small tool for boring holes. 

[Fr. gibelet — Teut. root of WIMBLE.] 
GIMP (gimp), n. Kind of trimming, etc., of silk, 
woolen, or cotton twist. [Fr. guimpe — O. 
Ger. wimpal, light robe. See WIMPLE.] 
GIN (jin), n. Liquor distilled from grain flavored 
with juniper berries. [Dut. jenever, juniper.] 
GIN (jin), n. 1. Trap; snare. 2. Machine or 
instrument by which the mechanical powers 
are employed in aid of human strength. [From 
ENGINB.] 
GIN (jin), vt. [pr.p. GIN'NING; p.U and p.p. 
GINNED (jind).] 1. Catch in a trap. 2. Clear 
(cotton) of its seeds by means of the cotton- 
gin. 
GIN-FIZZ (jin-fiz'), n. Beverage made of ad- 
mixture of gin, lemon, sugar and aerated 
water. 
GINGER (jin'jer), n. Root of a 
plant in the E. and W. Indies, 
with a hot and spicy taste, so 
called from being shaped like 
a horn. [Gr. zingiber -is. .] 
GINGERBREAD (jin'jer-bred), n. 
Sweet cake flavored with ginger. 
GINGERLY (jin'jer-li), adv. With 
soft steps; timidly. [From root 
of Sw. gingla, walk gingerly.] 
GINGERSNAP (jin'jer-snap), n. Gmger (Zg. 
Thin brittle cakes spiced with ^ aZe) 
ginger. 
GINGHAM (ging'am), w. Kind of cotton cloth. 
[Fr . guingan — Guingamp , 
a town in Brittany, 
where made.] 
GINGKO(ging'ko),n. Maid-* 

enhair-tree. [Jap. J 
GINSENG (jin'seng), n. Chi- 
nese plant (genus Aralia), 
used as a panacea, recently 
cultivated in U. S. for export 
to China. [Chin., wonder of 
the world.] Ginseng « 

GIN-SLING (jin'sling), n. Decoction of gin, 





met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 



.ate, ,at. **. far. «^^|^»a^WS. 1 BMrR Scotch. 



GIPSY 



532 



GIZZARD 



sugar, lemon and other flavors mixed with 
cold water and used as a beverage. 
GIPSY, GYPSY (jip'si), n. 
[pi. GIPSIES, GYPSIES.] 

1. One of a wandering 
race, originally from India. 

2. One with a dark com- 
plexion. 3. Sly woman or 
playful girl. [Corrup. from 
EGYPTIAN.] 

GIPSY-3IOTH (jip'si-math), 
n. Destructive moth and 
its larva that infest the 
forests of the Eastern 
States of the U. S., the 




Gipsy. 
larvae divesting many trees of their entire 



foliage 





Gipsy-moth (Porthetria 

dispar L.) 
1. Pupa of Gipsy-moth. 2. 
Gipsy-moth. 



Male 



GIPSY-WINCH 

(jip'si-winch), n. 
Naut . S m a, 
hand ratchet 
winch attached 
horizontally to a 
bitt or stanchion 
and moved with 
either bars or a 
crank handle to 
facilitate the 
hoisting or clew- 
ing of sails, etc. 

GIRAFFE (ji-raf), n. Ruminant ani- 
mal of Africa, the only species of 
its genus and family. A full-grown 
male reaches the height of eighteen 
to twenty feet. It feeds upon the 
leaves of trees. [Fr. — Ar. zurafa, 
long-necked.] 

GIRANDOLE (jir'an-dol), n. 1. 
Chandelier. 2. Revolving jet* 
of water or fireworks. [It. See' 
GYRATE.] 

GIRASOL (jir'a-sol), n. Kind ofj 
opal. [It. — L. gyro, turn, and 
sol, sun.] 

GIRD (gerd), vt. [pr.p. GIRD'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. GIRD'ED or GIRT.] 
Bind round; make fast by binding. 2. Sur- 
round; clothe. [A. S. gyrdan. Akin to YARD.] 

GIRD (gerd), n. 1. Twitch or pang. 2. Gibe. 
[A. S. gyrd.] 

GIRD (gerd), v. [pr.p. GIRD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 




Giraffe. 



1. 




Girdler (Crambus hortuellus 
Hbn). 

1. Moth. 2. Egg. 3. Larva. 4. Pupa. 
5. Segment of larva. 6. Nest of larva. 
(Greatly enlarged). 



GIRDED.] I. vt. Gibe or mock. II. vi. Give 
vent to gibes or sarcasm. 

GIRDER (gerd'er), n. 1. One who girds. 2. 
Simple or compound beam sustaining a 
weight, and supported at ends. 

GIRDLE (gerd'l), n. That which girds or en- 
circles, especially a band for the waist. [A. 
S. gyrdel — gyrdan, gird.] 

GIRDLE (gerd'l), vt. [pr.p. GIR'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. GIRDLED (gerd'ld).] 1. Bind, as with a 
girdle. 2. In- 
close. 3. Make 
a circular in- 
cision in, as 
through the 
bark of a tree 
to kill it. 

GIRDLER (gerd'- 
ler), n. Species 
of caterpillar or 
worm that at- 
tacks cranberry 
bushes. Some- 
times called 
girdle-worm. 

GIRL (gerl), n. 1. Female child. 2. Young 
woman. 3. Female servant; maid-servant. 
4. Sweetheart. [From root of L. Ger. gcer, 
child.] 

GIRLHOOD (gerl 'hod), n. State, time, or con- 
dition of being a girl. 

GIRLISH (gerl'ish), a. 1. Characteristic of 
girlhood. 2. Of or pertaining to a girl or 
girlhood. 

GIRT (gert), vt. [pr.p. GIRT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GIRT.] 1. Gird or encircle. 2. Measure the 
girth of. 

GIRT (gert), o. 1. Girded; bound. 2. Naut. Ap- 
plied to a vessel when moored with cables so 
as to prevent swinging to the wind or tide. 

GIRTH (gerth), n. 1. Belly-band of a saddle. 
2. Measure round the waist. 

GIRTH (gerth), vt. [pr.p. GIRTH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GIRTHED (gertht).] Bind as with a 
girth; gird. 

GIST (jist), n. Main point or pith of a matter. 
[From an O. Fr. proverb: "I know where the 
hare lies (gist)."] 

GIVE (giv), v. [pr.p. GIVING; p.t. GAVE (gav) ; 
p.p. GIVEN (giv'n).] I. vt. Bestow; impart; 
yield; permit; afford; furnish; pay or render, 
as thanks; pronounce, as a decision; show, as 
a result; apply, as one's self; allow or admit. 
II. vi. Yield to pressure; begin to melt; grow 
soft. [A. S. gifan.] 

SYN. Grant; confer. We give what is or 
is not asked for; grant what is asked for; 
give a present; grant a request; confer an 
honor. ANT. Take; withhold; deny; re- 
fuse. 

GIVER (giv'er), n. One who gives, donates, 
bestows or contributes. 

GIZZARD (giz'ard), n. Muscular second stom- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



i 



GLABROUS 



533 



GLASS 



ach of a bird or insect, in which grain and 
other food is ground. [Fr. gesier — L. gigeria, 
cooked entrails of poultry.] 

GLABROUS (gla'brus), a. Having no hairs or 
any unevenness. [L. glaber, smooth.] 

GLACE (gla-sa/), a. Glazed; polished; frozen; 
sugar-coated. 

GLACIAL (gla'shi-al), a. 1. Icy; frozen. 2. 
Pertaining to ice or its action, especially to 
glaciers. [L. glades, ice.] 

GLACIER (gla'sher or glas'i-er), n. Slowly mov- 
ing river of ice, in the hollows and on the 
slopes of lofty mountains. [Fr. — L. glades, ice.] 

GLACIS (gla/sis or gla-ses'), n. Gentle slope. 
[Fr.; slide.] 

GLAD (glad), a. [comp. GLAD'DER; superl. 
GLADDEST.] 1. Pleased, cheerful; bright. 
2. Giving pleasure. [A. S. glced, smooth, 
slippery.] 

SYN. Happy; joyful; joyous; gratified; 
delighted; blithesome; gleeful; pleased. 
ANT. Unhappy; sorrowful; sorry; disap- 
pointed; dismal. 

GLAD (glad), vt. [pr.p. GLAD'DING; p.U and 
p.p. GLADDED.] Make glad. (Poet.) 

GLADDEN (glad'n), vt. [pr.p. GLADDENING; 
p.U and p.p. GLADDENED (glad'nd).] Make 
glad; cheer. 

GLADE (glad), n. 1. Open space in a wood. 2. 
Patch of smooth ice or blue sky. [Root of 
GLAD. Norw. glette, patch of blue sky.] 

GLAD-HAND (glad'hand) , n. Heart- 
felt welcome and greeting. 

GLADIATE (glad'i-at), a. Sword- 
shaped. [L. gladius, sword.] 

GLADIATOR (glad'i-a-tur), n. Pro- 
fessional combatant with men or 
beasts in an arena. [L.; swords- 
man.] 

GLADIATORISM(glad'i-a-tur-izm), 
n. Combats of gladiators in the 
amphitheater or arena in ancient 
times; and prize-fighting of the 
present day. 

GLADIOLUS (gla-di'6-lus), n. Sword-lily. [L.] 




Gladiator. 




Gladiolus. 
GLADLY (glad'li), adv. [comp. GLAD'LIER; 



superl, GLAD'LIEST.] 1. With gladness or 
pleasure. 2. Blithely; cheerfully. 

GLADNESS (gladnes), n. Quality or state of 
being glad. 

GLADSOME (glad'sum), a. Glad; joyous; gay. 

GLAIR (glar), n. 1. White of an egg used as 
varnish. 2. Any viscous transparent sub- 
stance. [Fr. glaire. Akin to CLEAR.] 

GLAIR (glar), vt. [pr.p. GLAIRING; p.U and 
p.p. GLAIRED (glard).] Varnish with white 
of egg. 

GLAIRY (glar'i), a. Of the nature of or resem- 
bling glair. 

GLAIVE (glav), w. Weapon like a halberd, fixed 
on a long shaft, its edges on the outer curve. 
[O. Fr. — L. gladius, sword.] 

GLAMOUR (glam'ur), n. Influence of a charm 
on the eyes ; enchantment. [Corrup. of GRAM- 
MAR, which formerly meant magic] 

GLANCE (glans), n. 1. Sudden shoot of light. 2. 
Darting of the eye; momentary view. 3. De- 
flected motion. [Sw. glans, luster.] 

GLANCE (glans), v. [pr.p. GLANCING; p.U 
and p.p. GLANCED (glanst).] I. vi. 1. Dart 
a ray of light or splendor. 2. Snatch a mo- 
mentary view. 3. Fly off obliquely. 4. 
Make a passing allusion. II. vt. Dart sud- 
denly or obliquely. 

GLANCINGLY (glan'sing-li), adv. In a glancing 
manner; indirectly. 

GLAND (gland), n. 1. Fleshy organ of the body 
which secretes some substance from the blood. 
2. Small cellular organ of a plant which se- 
cretes oil or aroma. 3. Mach. Joints in 
machinery arranged tightly so as to retain oil 
for lubricating purposes. [L. glans, acorn.] 

GLANDERS (glan'derz), n. Contagious disease 
of the mucous membrane of the nostrils of 
horses. [From GLAND.] 

GLANDULAR (glan'du-lar), a. 1. Consisting 
of, having, or pertaining to glands. 3. Hot. 
Covered with hairs tipped with glands. 

GLANDULE (glan'dul), n. Small gland. 

GLARE (glar), n. 1. Clear, dazzling light; 
overpowering luster. 2. Fierce stare. [A. 
S. glaer, amber; akin to GLASS.] 

GLARE (glar), vi. [pr.p. GLARING; p.U and 
p.p. GLARED (glard).] 1. Shine with a daz- 
zling light. 2. Look with piercing eyes. [A. 
S. glaer, amber; akin to GLASS.] 

GLARING (glar'ing), a. 1. Bright and dazzling. 
2. Barefaced; bold. 3. Plainly discernible. 

GLASGOW (glas'go), n. City, Scotland, on River 
Clyde. 

GLASS (glas), I. n. 1. Hard, brittle, transpar- 
ent substance. 2. Anything made of glass 9 
especially a drinking vessel, a mirror, etc. 3. 
[pi.] Spectacles. 4. Quantity of liquid a glass 
holds. 5. Barometer. II. a. 3Iade of glass. 
[A. S. glaes, akin to GLOW, GLANCE, etc.] 

GLASS (glas), vt. [pr.p. GLASS'ING; p.U and p.p* 
GLASSED (glast).] 1. Reflect as in a glass; 
mirror. 2. Glaze. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
taw, id*, vd.au, ic*i , .. k_ w ; n - Scotchi gude; ii, owi, then, Mx=ch m Scotch loch. 



GLASS-BELL 



534 



GLOAMING 




Glass-bell gardening. 
drinking-glass or wine-glass 



GLASS-BELL (glas'bel), n. Glass cylinder with 
dome-shaped top, either open or closed used 
for various purposes, 
so as to protect arti- 
cles under it from 
dust or inclement 
weather.— Glass-bell 
gardening, forced 
vegetation by inclo- 
sing the different 
plants under indi- 
vidual glass-bell cov- 
erings. 

GLASS - BLOWER 
(glas'blo-er), n. One 
who makes or shapes 
glass by means of a 
blow-pipe. 

GLASSFUL (glas'fol), 
n. [pJ.GLASS'FULS.] 
As much as 
will hold. 

GLASSILY (glas'i-li), adv. With a glass-like 
appearance. 

GLASSINESS (glas'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
glassy. 

GLASSY (glas'i), n. 1. Made of or resembling 
glass. 2. Dull; staring; as a glassy eye. 

GlAUCTJS (gla'kus), n. Greek Myth. Also 
known as the marine god Glaucus Pontius. 
He steered the ship Argo when Jason went in 
search of the golden fleece. Father of all 
soothsayers. 

GLAUCOUS (gla'kus), a. 1. Light green, pass- 
ing into bluish-gray. 2. Covered with fine 
powder, as a plum. [L., sea-green.] 

GLAVE (glav), n. Same as GLAIVE. 

GLAZE (glaz), vt. [pr.p. GLA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLAZED (glazd).] 1. Furnish with glass. 2. 
Give a glassy surface to. [31. E. glasen — glas 
— A. S. glms, glass.] 

GLAZE (glaz), n. 1. Glassy coating put upon 
pottery. 2. Any material for giving a shi- 
ning exterior. 

GLAZIER (gla'zher), n. One who sets glass in 
window-frames, etc. [For glaz-er, as law-y-er 
for latc-er.] 

GLAZING (gla'zing), n. 1. Act or art of setting 
glass. 2. Art of covering with a vitreous 
substance. 3. Semi-transparent color put 
thinly over another c 

GLEAM (glem), n. 1. Small ray of light; glim- 
mer; glow. 2. Short or sudden glimpse or 
sight; ray. [A. S. glwm.] 

GLEAM (glem), vi. [pr.p. GLEAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLEAMED (glemd).] Dart or throw 
gleams or rays; shine; glow; glimmer. 

GLEAMY (glem'i), a. Casting beams of light. 

GLEAN (glen), vt. [pr.p. GLEANING; p.t and 
p.p. GLEANED (glend).] Gather, as grain 
which reapers leave behind them; collect, as 
what is thinly scattered. [0. Fr. glener — 
A. S. glim, handful.] 



GLEANER (glen'er), n. One who .gleans. 

GLEBE (gleb), n. 1. Clod of earth; sod. 2. 
Land belonging to a parish church or eccle- 
siastical benefice. [Fr. — L. gleba, clod, 
soil.] 

GLEE (gle), n. 1. Joy; mirth; gaity. 2. Song 
for three or more solo voices, without ac-= 
companiment. [A. S. gleo, mirth.] 

GLEEFUL (gle'fol), GLEESOME (gle'sum), a. 
Merry; gay. 

GLEET (glet), n. Glairy discharge from a mucous 
surface. [O. Fr. glete, mucus.] 

GLEN (glen), n. Narrow valley. [Gael, gleann.] 

GLENGARRY (glen-gar 'i), n. Scotch woolen 
cap, growing lower toward the back, where 
two ribbons hang down. [From Valley of 
Glengarry.] 

GLIB (glib), a. 1. Slippery. 2. Moving easily. 
[Dut. glibberig, slippery.] 

GLIBNESS (glib'nes), n. Volubility; fluency. 

GLIDE (glid), vi. [pr.p. GLI'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLIDED or GLID (glid).] 1. Slide smoothly 
and easily; flow gently. 2. Aviation. De- 
scend by means of the elevator and ailerons 
after the engine has been shut off; volplane. 
[A. S. glidan.] 

GLIDE (glid), n. 1. Act of gliding. 2. Music. 
Slur. 3. Smooth and sliding kind of waltz- 
step. 

GLIDER (girder), n. One who or that which 
glides. 

GLIM (glim), n. Light; candle. (Colloq-) 

GLIMMER (glim'er), vi. [pr.p. GLIMMERING; 
p.t. and p.p. GLIMMERED (glim'erd).] Burn 
or appear faintly. [Dan. glimre.] 

GLIMMER (glim'er), n. 1. Faint light; feeble 
rays of light. 2. Mica. 

GLIMMERING (glim'er-ing), n. 1. Glimmer. 
2. Slight idea. 

GLIMPSE (glimps), v. [pr.p. GLIMPS'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. GLIMPSED (glimpst).] I. vt. Catch 
a transitory or momentary sight of. II. vi. 

I. Appear with a faint light. 2. Glance. 
[M. E. glimpssen; from glim, brightness. A 
variant of GLIMMER.] 

GLIMPSE (glimps), n. 1. Weak light; transient 
luster. 2. Hurried view. 3. Fleeting en- 
joyment. 4. Faint resemblance. 

GLINT (glint), v. [pr.p. GLINT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLINT'ED.] I. vt. Reflect the flash of. 

II. vi. 1. Shine; gleam. 2. Move quickly. 
[O. Dan. glinte, shine.] 

GLINT (glint), n. Gleam; glance, or flash. 

GLISTEN (glis'n), vi. [pr.p. GLISTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. GLISTENED (glis'nd).] Glitter; 
sparkle with light; shine. [Akin to GLITTER.] 

GLITTER (glit'er), vi. [pr.p. GLITTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. GLITTERED (glit'erd).] Sparkle 
with light; be splendid; be. showy. [Ice. 
glitra.] 

GLITTER (glit'er), n. Luster; sparkle; ra- 
diance; brilliancy. 

GLOAMING (glom'ing), n. 1. Twilight; dusk; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn. 



GLOAT 



535 



GLUCOSIDE 




Terrestrial Globe. 
Like a globe; spher- 

Little globe ; round 



fall of the evening. 2. Gloominess. [Sc. 
Variant of GLOOM.] 

GLOAT (glot), vi. [pr.p. GLOAT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLOAT'ED.] Look eagerly with wicked 
satisfaction; view with evil joy. [Ice. glotta; 
Ger. glotzenJ] 

GLOBE (glob), ». 1. 
Round body; ball; 
sphere. 2. Earth. 
3. Sphere repre- 
senting the earth 
(terrestrial globe), or 
the heavens (celes- 
tial globe). [Fr. — L. 
globus.'] 

GLOBOSE (glo'bos), 
GLOBOUS(glo'bus), 
GLOBULAR (glob'- 
u-lar), GLOBTJ- 
LOUS (glob'u-lus), a. 
ical. 

GLOBULE (glob'ul), n. 
particle. 

GLOMERATE (glom'er-at), a. Gathered in a 
ball or cluster. [L. glomus, ball.] 

GLOOM (glom), n. 1. Partial darkness; cloudi- 
ness. 2. Sadness. [A. S. glom, gloom.] 

SYN. Shade; dimness; melancholy; ob- 
scurity; depression; dejection. ANT. Light; 
radiance; clearness; brightness. 

GLOOM (glom), v. [pr.p. GLOOMING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLOOMED (glomd).] I. vt. 1. 3Iake 
gloomy; darken. 2. 3Iake dismal or sad. II. 
vi. 1. Appear obscurely or dimly. 2. Be- 
come dark or cloudy. 

GL003IILY (glom'i-li), adv. In a dejected and 
melancholy manner. 

GLOOMINESS (glom'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being gloomy. 

GLOOMY (glom'i), a. [comp. GLOOM'IER; 
superl. GLOOM'IEST.] 1. Dark; dismal; low- 
ering. 2. Melancholy; downcast. 

GLORIFICATION (glo-ri-fi-ka'shun), n. Act 
of glorifying or state of being glorified. 

GLORIFY (glo'ri-fi), vt. [pr.p. GLORIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. GLORIFIED (glo'ri-fid).] 1. 
Make glorious; honor; exalt to glory or hap- 
piness. 2. Ascribe honor to; worship. [L. 
gloria, glory, and facio, make.] 

GLORIOUS (glo'ri-us), a. Noble; splendid; 
conferring renown. [L. gloriosus.] 

GLORIOUSLY (glo'ri-us-li), adv. In a glorious 
manner. 

GLORY (glo'ri), n. [pi. GLORIES.] 1. Re- 
nown; honor. 2. Occasion of praise. 3. 
Object of pride. 4. Excellency; splendor; 
brightness. 5. Presence of God; heaven. 
[L. gloria, akin to clarus, clear.] 
SYN. See FAME. 

GLORY (glo'ri), vi. [pr.p. GLO'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLORIED (glo'rid).] Feel exultant sat- 
isfaction or pleasure; exult with joy. 

GLOSS (glos) : n. Brightness or luster, as from 



a polished surface; external show. [Ice. 
glossi, brightness.] 

GLOSS (glos), vt. [pr.p. GLOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLOSSED (glost).] 1. Give a superficial lus- 
ter to. 2. Render plausible; palliate. 

GLOSS (glos), n. Explanatory remark; com- 
ment. [L. L. glossa, unexplained word.] 

GLOSS (glos), v. [pr.p. GLOSS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLOSSED (glost).] I. vt. Explain by 
note or comment. II. vi. Comment or make 
explanatory notes. 

GLOSSARY (glos'a-ri), n. [pi. GLOSS'ARIES.] 

1. Collection of glosses. 2. List of words or 
passages requiring special explanation. 

GLOSSILY (glos'i-li), adv. In a glossy manner. 
GLOSSINESS (glos'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being glossy. 
GLOSSOLOGY (glos-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Science of 

language. 2. Glossary. 
GLOSSY (glos'i), a. Smooth and shining; highly 

polished. 
GLOTTIS (glot'is), n. [pi. GLOTTIDES (glot'i- 

dez).] Opening of the larynx; entrance to the 

windpipe. [Gr. glossa, tongue.] 

Gloucester (gioster), ». city and port, 

England, on the Severn. 

GLOUCESTER (gioster), n. Seaport, Massa- 
chusetts. 

GLOVE (gluv), n. Cover for the hand, with 
a sheath for each finger. [A. S. glof.] 

GLOVE (gluv), vt. [pr.p. GLOV'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GLOVSo (gluvd).] Cover with, or as 
with, a glove. 

GLOW (glo), vi. [pr.p. GLOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLOWED (glod).] 1. Shine with an intense 
heat. 2. Feel great heat of body; be flushed. 

3. Feel the heat of passion; be ardent. [A. S. 
glowan.] 

GLOW (glo), n. 1. Shining, red or white heat. 

2. Unusual warmth. 3. Brightness of color. 

4. Vehemence of passion. 

GLOWER (glower), vi. [pr.p. GLOWERING; 

p.t. and p.p. GLOWERED (glow'erd).] Look 

intently; stare angrily. [From GLARE.] 
GLOWWORM (glo'wiirm), n. Female, or larva 

of a certain insect, 

which glows or shines 

in the dark. 
GLOZE (gloz), v. [pr.p. 

GLO'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 

GLOZED (glozd).] I. 

vi. Give a false mean- 
ing. II. vt. Palliate 

by specious explana- 

r ^ ^ ^t^cci Glowworm. 

tion. [From GLOSS.] 

GLUCOSE (glo'kos), n. 1. Peculiar kind of 
sugar in the juice of fruits. 2. Sugar syrup 
obtained when starch is changed to sugar by 
sulphuric acid. [Fr. — Gr. glykys, sweet.] 

GLUCOSIDE (glo'ko-sid), n. Chem. Generic 
term for vegetable compounds, which, when 
treated with alkalis, turn into saccharine 
matter and acids. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



_ 



GLUE 



536 



GOB 



GLUE (glo), n. Substance obtained by boiling 
to a jelly the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals. 
[Fr. glu, birdlime.] 

GLUE (glo), v. [pr.p. GLU'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLUED (glod).] I. vt. 1. Join with glue. 2. 
Fasten. II. vi. Stick together; adhere. 

GLUEY (glo'i), a. Containing glue; sticky; 
viscous. 

GLUM (glum), a. Frowning; sullen. [Akin to 
GLOOM.] 

GLUMACEOUS (glo-ma'shus), a. BoU Having 
glumes. 

GLUMIFEROUS (glo-mif'er-us), a. Bearing 
glumes. 

GLUME (gl5m), n. Husk or bracteal covering of 
grain and grasses. [L. gluma — glubo, peel off 
bark.] 

GLUT (glut), vt. [pr.p. GLXJT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
GLUTTED.] 1. Swallow greedily. 2. Feast 
to satiety. 3. Supply in excess. [L. glutio, 
swallow.] 

GLUT (glut), n. 1. That which is gorged. 2. 
Over-abundance. 3. Anything that obstructs 
the passage. 

GLUTEN (glo'ten), n. Grayish, viscid, nitrog- 
enous, nutritious substance which becomes 
brown and brittle by drying, found in the 
flour of wheat and other grain. [L. Akin to 
GLUE.] 

GLUTINOUS (glo'ti-nus), a. 1. Gluey; tenacious. 
2. Covered with sticky moisture. 

GLUTTON (glut'n), n. 1. One who eats to excess. 
2. Wolverine, a 
carnivorous mam- 
mal. [Fr. glouton — 
L. gluto.] 

GLUTTONOUS (gluf- 
n-us), GLUTTON- 
ISH (glut'n-ish), a. 
Given to gluttony; 

GLUTTONY (glut'n-i), n. 
of the appetite for food. 

GLYCERINE, GLYCERIN (glis'e-rin), n. Trans- 
parent, colorless, viscous liquid with a sweet 
taste, obtained from natural fats by saponifi- 
cation with alkalis or by the action of super- 
heated steam. [Gr. glykys, sweet.] 

GLYCOL (gli'kol), n. Chem. Generic term for 
all combinations of glycerine and alcohol. 

GNARL (narl), vi. [pr.p. GNARL/ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GNARLED (narld).] Snarl; growl. [Dan. 
knurre, growl.] 

GNARL (narl), n. Snarl; growl. 

GNARL (narl), n. 1. Twisted knot in wood. 2. 
Rough irregular growth on a tree; roughness. 
[Teut. root, as in Ger. knurren, knot.] 

GNARLED (narld), a. 1. Full of knots; knotty. 
2. Cross-grained; peevish; perverse. 

GNARLY (narl'i), a. Gnarled; knotty. 

GNASH (nash), vt. [pr.p. GNASHING; p.t. 
and p.p. GNASHED (nasht).] Strike (the 
teeth) together in rage or pain. [From the 
sound.] 




Glutton. 

greedy; voracious. 

Excessive indulgence 




Ocean Gnat. 

A. Head of female. 



GNAT(nat),n. Small two-winged fly. The lar- 
vae and pupae live In water. 
[A. S. gncet.] 

GNAW (na), v. [pr.p. GNAW- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. GNAWED 
(nawd).] I. vt. 1. Bite so as to 
make a noise with the teeth. 2.( 
Bite off by degrees. 3. Corrode 
or wear away. 4. Bite in agony 
or rage. 5. Figuratively, torment. II. vi. 
Use the teeth in biting anything away grad- 
ually. [A. S. gnagan.] 

GNEISS (nis), n. Species of stratified rock com- 
posed of quartz, feldspar, and mica. [Ger.] 

GNEISSOID (nis'oid), a. Having some of the 
characteristics of gneiss. 

GNOME (nom), n. 1. Kind of sprite, said to 
preside over the inner parts of the earth and 
its treasures; dwarf; goblin. 2. Small owl 
found in the Western U. S. [Gr. gnomon, 
one that knows.] 

GNOMON (no'mon), n. 1. Pin or triangle of a 
sun-dial, whose shadow points to the hour. 
2. Index of the hour-circle of a globe. 3. 
Remainder of a parallelogram, after a similar 
parallelogram has been cut out at one corner. 
[Gr. See GNOME.] 

GNOSTIC (nos'tik), n. One of a sect in the first 
centuries of the Christian era, whose views 
were very rationalistic. 
[Gr. gnostikos, knowing.] 

Gnosticism (nos'ti- 

sizm), n. Eclectic doc- 
trine of the Gnostics. 

GNU (no), n. [pi. GNUS 
(noz).] Kind of ante- 
lope in S. Africa, re- 
sembling the horse and 
ox. [Hottentot.] Gnu (genus cato- 

GO (go), vi. [pr.p. GO- blephas). 

ING; p.t. WENT; p.p. GONE (gan).] 1. 
Pass from one place to another. 2. Be in 
motion; proceed. 3. Depart. 4. Extend. 5. 
Be about to do. 6. Pass in report or in 
payment; be accounted in value. 7. Happen 
in a particular way ; turn out. 8. Fare. [A. S. 
gdn, gangan.] 

SYN. Move; depart; pass; travel; vanish; 
reach; extend. ANT. Stand; stay; come; 
remain; abide; fail. 

GO (go), n. 1. Turn; bout. 2. Push; enter- 
prise. 

GOAD (god), n. Sharp-pointed stick for driving 
oxen; stimulus. [A. S. gad.] 

GOAD (god), vt. [pr.p. GOAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GOAD 'ED.] 1. Drive with a goad. 2. Urge 
forward; incite. 

GOAL (gol), n. 1. Mark set up to bound a race; 
winning-post. 2. End; aim. [Fr. gaule, pole.] 

GOAT (got), n. Hollow-horned quadruped, 
allied to the sheep. [A. S. gat.] 

GOATEE (go-te'), n. Pointed beard on the chin. 

GOB (gob), n. Mouthful; lump. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, ls.h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



GOBBLE 



537 



GOLDEN FLEECE 



GOBBLE (gob'I), v. [pr.p. GOB'BLING; p.t. and 
p.p. GOBBLED (gob'ld).] I. vt. Swallow in 
lumps; swallow hastily. II. vi. Make a noise 
in the throat, as a turkey. [From the sound.] 

GOBBLE (gob'I), n. 1. Sound made by the 
turkey-cock or gobbler. 2. In golf, rapid 
straight putt. 

GOBBLER (gob'ler), n. Turkey-cock. 

GOBLET (gob 'let), n. Large drinking-cup with- 
out a handle. [Fr. gobelet — root of CUP.] 

GOBLIN (gob'lin), n. Frightful phantom; fairy. 
[Fr. goblin — L. L. gobelinus — Gr. kobalos, mis- 
chievous spirit.] 

GOBLIN-SHARK (gob'lin-shark), n. Ichth. Pe- 
culiarly formed shark found in Japan sea. 




Goblin-shark (Scapanorhynchus owstoni). 

GO-BT (go'bi), n. Going by without notice; 
escape; intentional disregard. 

GO-CART (go'kart), n. 1. Cart or contrivance 
for teaching children to walk. 2. Small 
baby-carriage. 

God (god), n. 1. Supreme Being; Creator and 
Preserver of the world. 2. [g-] [fern. GOD'DESS.] 
Object of worship; idol. — God*s acre, burial- 
ground. [A. S. Orig. unknown.] 

GODCHILD (god'child), n. Child for whom a 
person stands sponsor at baptism; godson or 
goddaughter. 

GODDAUGHTER (god'da-ter), n. Female god- 
child. 

GODDESS (god'es), n. 1. Heathen deity of the 
female sex. 2. Woman of pre-eminent 
qualities or charms. 

GO-DEVIL (go'dev-1), n. Pointed iron dropped 
into a drill hole to explode a cartridge at the 
bottom. 

GODFATHER (god'fa-ffcer), n. [fern. GOD- 
MOTHER.] Man who, at a child's baptism, 
becomes sponsor for its religious training. 

GODHEAD (god'hed), n. 1. State of being a god ; 
deity; divine nature. 2. [G-] Supreme Be- 
ing; Deity; God. 

GODHOOD (god'hod), n. State or quality of 
God; divinity. 

GODLESS (god'les), a. 1. Living without God. 
2. Impious. 3. Atheistical. 

GODLIKE (god'lik), a. Like God; divine. 

GODLILY (god'li-li), adv. In a godly manner; 
piously. 

GODLINESS (god'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being godly; piety. 

GODLY (god'li), a. 1. Like God in character; 
pious. 2. According to God's law. 3. Of or 
pertaining to a god. 




GODMOTHER (god'mu*fc-er), n. Female spon- 
sor. See GODFATHER. 

GODSEND (god'send), n. Unexpected piece of 
good-fortune in time of need. 

GODSHIP (god'ship), n. Divinity. 

GODSON (god'sun), n. Male godchild. 

Godspeed (god'sped), n . a wish for good 

speed or success. [From GOD SPEED YOU.] 
GOD WARD (god'ward), 

adv. Toward God. 
GODWIT (god'wit), n. 
Bird with a long bill 
and long slender legs 
(genus Limosa), that 
frequents marshes. [A. 
S. god, good, and wiht, 
creature.] 
GOER (goer), n. 1. One 
who or that which 
goes. 2. Fast horse. 
GOETTINGEN (get'ting- 
en), n. City, Prussia, 
province of Hanover. Godwit. 

GOFFER (gofer), vt. [pr.p. GOF'FERING; p.U 
and p.p. GOFFERED (gof'erd).] Plait or 
crimp. [O. Fr. gauffrer — goffre, wafer.] 
GOFFERING (gof'er-ing), n. 1. Plaits or ruffles, 
or the process of making them. 2. Indented 
tooling on the edge of a book. 
GOGGLE (gog'l), n. 1. Affected rolling of the 
eye; stare. 2. [pi.] Spectacles with projecting 
eye-tubes. [Gael, gog, nod.] 
GOITER, GOITRE (goiter), w. Morbid enlarge- 
ment of the thyroid gland on the fore part of 
throat. [Fr. goitre — guttur, throat.] 
GOLD (gold), n. 1. Most precious metal used 
for coin. 2. Money; riches. 3. Yellow; 
gold color. [A. S.] 
GOLD-BEATER (gold'bet-er), n. One whose 

trade is to beat gold into gold-leaf. 
GOLD-BEATERS'-SKIN (goldbet-erz-skin), n. 
Outer membrane of large intestines of the ox 
prepared for use of gold-beaters; also used as 
a plaster for cuts and wounds. 
GOLD-BRICK (gold'brik), n. 1. Valueless 
brick-shaped mass of metal, in imitation of 
gold, passed off as genuine gold. 2. Any 
similar swindle. 
GOLD-DUST (gold'dust), n. Gold in dust or 
very fine particles, as it is sometimes found 
in rivers. 
GOLDEN (gold'n), a. Made of gold; of the 
color of gold; bright; most valuable; happy; 
highly favorable. — Golden age, fabled primeval 
period of innocent human existence, in which 
the earth yielded ail fullness without toil, 
and every creature lived at peace with every 
other. — Golden rule, the rule of conduct that 
" Whatsoever ye would that men should do 
to you, do ye even so to them." 
GOLDEN FLEECE. GreekMyth. The hide of the 
ram Chrysomallus, and the object of the Ar- 
gonauts' expedition to Colchis. 



I 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



GOLDENROD 



538 



GOODNESS 



Plant of the 




Goldenrod. 
gold-mining is car- 



GOLDENROD (gdld'n-rod), 

genus Solidago, having 

rod-like stems with 

radiate heads of bright 

yellow flowers. 
GOLD-FERN (gold'fern), 

n. Fern having the 

under surface of the 

frond covered with 

bright yellow powder. 
GOLD-FEVER (gold'- 

fe-ver), ». Mania for 

gold. 
GOLD-FIELD (gold'feld), 

». Region of auriferous 

deposits and diggings, 

as in Australia and 

Alaska; district where 

ried on. 
GOLDFINCH (gold'finch), n. 

Singing-bird with gold-col- 
ored wings. 
GOLDFISH (gold'fish), n. 

Small gold-colored fish, na- 
tive to China, kept in glass 

globes and ponds. 
GOLD-FOIL (gold'foil), n. 

Sheets of gold, thicker than 

gold-leaf, used by dentists. 
GOLD-LEAF (gold'lef), n. 

tremely thin or into leaves, and used for 

gilding. 
GOLD-PRINTING (goldprint-ing), n. Printing 

done in gold-leaf through use of size and a 

hot impression of the type. 
GOLDSMITH (gold'smith), w. A smith or worker 

in gold and silver. 
GOLF (golf), n. Game played with a set of clubs 

and a ball over extensive courses of ground, 

or "links," as they are technically termed. 

[Dut. kolf, club.] 
GOLGOTHA (gol'go-tha), n. Calvary, where 

Christ was crucified. [L. — Heb. gulgoleth 9 

skull.] 
GONDOLA (gon'do-la), n. Long narrow pleasure- 
boat used at Venice. [It.] 




Goldfinch {Card- 
uelis elegans). 

Gold beaten ei 




Gondola. 

GONDOLIER (gon-do-ler'), n. One who rows 

a gondola. 
GONE (gan), a. 1. Passed beyond help; 

lost. 2. Feeling a sinking sensation; weak; 

faint. 3. Wide of the mark; as, a gone shot 

in archery. 4. Entirely given up to (with on). 
GONENESS (gan'nes), n. Sinking sensation. 




GONG (gang), n. 1. Musical instrument of cir 
cular form, made of 
bronze, producing, 
when struck with a 
wooden mallet, a 
loud sound. 2. Flat 
kind of stationary 
bell struck by a 
mechanical de- 
vice, as in a 
clock. [3Ialay.] 

GOOBER (go'- 
ber),n. Peanut. 
[So. U. S.] 

GOOD (god), a. 
[comp. BET- 
TER; superl. 
BEST.] 1. Hav- 
ing qualities, 
whether phys- 
ical or moral, Chinese Gong, 
desirable or suitable to the end proposed; pro- 
moting success, welfare or happiness; proper; 
fit; beneficial; serviceable; competent. 2. Vir- 
tuous; pious; kind; benevolent. 3. Valid; 
sound. 4. Real, as in good earnest. 5. Not 
small; considerable, as in good deal. 6. Full; 
complete, as good measure. 7. Unblemished; 
honorable, as in good name. [A. S. god.] 

GOOD (god), n. 1. That which promotes happi- 
nes , success, etc.; opposed to EVIL. 2. Pros- 
perity; welfare; advantage, temporal or spirit- 
ual. 3. Virtue. 4. [pi.] Household furni- 
ture; movable property; merchandise. 

GOOD-BT, GOOD-BYE (god'bi), «., a. and 
inter j. A form of salutation at parting; fare- 
well. 

GOOD-FELLOW (god-fel'6), n. 1. Jolly or 
boon companion. 2. Reveler. 

GOOD-FELLOWSHIP (god-fel'6-ship), w. 1. 
Merry or pleasant company. 2. Conviviality. 

GOOD-FRIDAY (god-fri'da), n. Fast in mem- 
ory of Christ's crucifixion, held on the Friday 
of Passion-week. 

GOOD-HUMOR (god-hu'mur or god-u'mur), n. 
1. Pleasant temper or disposition. 2. Feel- 
ing of satisfaction. 

GOOD-HU3IORED (god-hu'murd or god-u'- 
murd), a. Of a cheerful temper or disposition. 

GOODINESS (god'i-nes), n. Weak, priggish, or 
canting goodness. 

GOODISH (god'ish), a. 1. Pretty good. 2. Of 
fair quality or quantity. 

GOODLINESS (god'li-nes), n. Quality of being 
goodly. 

GOODLY (god'li), I. a. [comp. GOODLIER; 
superl. GOOD'LIEST.] Good-looking; desira- 
ble; stately. II. adv. Gracefully; kindly; in 
a good manner. 

GOOD-NATURED (god-na'turd), a. Of a mild, 
kind, and benignant temper or disposition. 

GOODNESS (god'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being good. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, fourD, 
ii-u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



GOOD-WILL 



539 



GOTH AMITE 




Goorka. 



8. 



GOOSE - 




Gooseberries. 



GOOD- WILL {god-wil'), n. 1. Kindly or fa- 
vorable disposition or feelings. 2. Established 
custom or popularity of any business or trade. 

GOODY (god'i), GOODY-GOODY (god'i-god-i), 

1. a. Mawkishly well- 
intentioned. II. n, 
[pi. GOOD'IES, GOODY- 
GOODIES.] 1. Mawkish- 
ly good or pious person. 

2. Kernel of a nut; sweet- 
meat. 

GoORKA,GHOORKA(gor'- 
ka), n. One of a stalwart 
race in Nepal, India. 

GOOSE (gos), n. [pi. 
GEESE (ges).] 1. Water- 
fowl larger than a duck. 2. 
Tailor's sad iron. 3. Stupid, silly person. [A 
gos.] 

GOOSEBERRY (goz'ber-i), n. 
BERRIES.] Berry or fruit 
of a shrub of the genus 
Ribes. 

GOOSENECK (gos'nek), n. 1. 
Anything curved like a goose's 
neck. 2. Naut. Piece of bent 
iron fitted to the end of a 
boomyard, etc. 

GOPHER (gofer), n. Name of 
several species of American 
burrowing animals, as the 
pouched rat, and the land tortoise of the south- 
ern states. [Fr. 
gaufre, honey- 
comb.] 

GORDIAN-KNOT 
(gar'di-an-not), 
n. Inextri- 
cable knot 
tied by Gor- Pouched gopher. 

dius, king of Phrygia, and cut by Alexander 

the Great with his sword. 
GORE (gor), n. Clotted blood; blood. [A. S. gor.] 
GORE (gor), n. 1. Triangular piece set into a 

garment to widen it. 2. Triangular piece of 

land. [A. S. gdra, pointed triangular piece of 

land; from gar, spear.] 
GORE (gor), vt. [pr.p. GOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GORED (gord).] 1. Shape like or furnish 

with gores. 2. Pierce, as with a spear or horns. 
GORGE (garj), n. 1. Throat. 2. Narrow pass 

among hills. 3. Obstructing mass. 4. 

Heavy meal. 5. Disgust; indignation. [Fr. 

— L. gurges, whirlpool.] 
GORGE (garj), v. [pr.p. GORGING; p.t. and 

p.p. GORGED (garjd).] I. vt. 1. Swallow 

greedily. 2. Glut. II. vi. Stuff one's self. 
GORGEOUS (gar'jus), a. Showy; splendid. [O. 

Fr. gorgias.] 
GORGEOUSLY (gar'jus-li), adv. In a gorgeous 

manner. 
GORGEOUSNESS (gar'jus-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being gorgeous. 





Gorilla. 



GORGET (gar'jet), n. 1. Piece of armor for the 
throat. 2. Small crescent-shaped metallic 
ornament, formerly worn on the breast by 
British officers on duty. 3. Surg. Litho- 
tomic cutting instrument. [Fr. gorgette — 
gorge throat.] 

GORGONS (gar'gonz), The. Greek Myth. 
Three sisters, named Stheno, Euryale, and 
Medusa, daughters of Phorcys and Ceto; 
petrified everyone they looked at; instead of 
hair Medusa's head was covered with vipers; 
Perseus conquered them, and cut off the head 
of aiedusa, which was placed on the shield of 
Minerva, and all 
who looked at it 
were turned into 
stone. 

GORILLA (go-ril'a), 
n. Largest ape, 
found on the west 
coast of tropical 
Africa. [African 
word.] 

GORMAND, n. See 
GOURMAND. 

GORMANDIZE (gar'- 
man-diz), vi. [pr.p. 
GORMANDIZING; p.t. and p.p. GORMAN- 
DIZED (gar'man-dizd).] Eat greedily. 

GORMANDIZER (gar'man-di-zer), n. Glutton. 

GORSE (gars), n. Prickly shrub growing on 
waste places; furze; whin. [A. S. gorst.] 

GORY (gor'i), a. Covered with gore; bloody. 

GOSHAWK (gos'hak), n. Large short-winged 
hawk, once used for hunting wild geese and 
other fowl. [A. S. gos, goose, and hafuc, 
hawk.] 

GOSLING (goz'ling), n. Young goose. [A. S. 
gos, goose, and -LING.] 

GOSPEL (gos'pel), n. 1. Christian revelation. 

2. Narrative of the life of Christ, as related 
by Matthew, Mark, Luke, or John. 3. System 
of religious truth. 4. Last of the Eucha- 
ristic lessons in all liturgies. 5. Truth. 
[A. S. godspell; from god, God, and spell, story.] 

GOSSAMER (gos'a-mer), I. n. 1. Very fine 
filmy substance which floats in the air or 
forms webs on bushes. 2. Fine gauze fabric. 

3. Thin waterproof over-garment. II. a. 
Like gossamer; flimsy. [M. E. gossomer, 
goose-summer.] 

GOSSIP (gos'ip), n. 1. One who runs about 

telling and hearing news. 2. Idle talk. 
GOSSIP (gos'ip), vi. [pr.p. GOS'SIPING; p.t. and 

p.p. GOSSIPED (gos'ipt).] Run about telling 

idle tales; talk much; chat. [A. S. godsib, 

sponsor in baptism, God-relation.] 
GOT (got), GOTTEN (got'n), v. See GET. 
GOTH (goth), n. One of an ancient Germanic 

nation who overran the Roman empire. [L. 

L. Gothi, Goths.] 
GOTHAMITE (go'tham-it), n. 1. Simpleton; 

wiseacre. (Orig. "man of Gotham," a village 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



GOTHIC 



540 



GRADATION 



of Nottinghamshire, Eng., with a reputation 
for foolish blundering.) 2. Citizen of New 
York City which has been nicknamed Go- 
tham. 
GOTHIC (goth'ik), a. 1. Belonging to the Goths 
or their language; barbarous; romantic. 2. 
Of a style of architecture with high-pointed 
arches, clustered columns, etc. — Gothic type, 
type faces with strokes all of uniform width. 

t^This line is in Gothic type. 

GOUGE (gowj), n. 1. Chisel with a hollow blade 
for cutting grooves or holes. 2. Fraud; cheat. 
[O. Fr. — L.L. guvia, kind of chisel.] 

GOUGE (gowj), vt. [pr.p. GOU'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. GOUGED (gowjd).] 1. Scoop out, as with a 
gouge; force out, as the eye with the thumb. 
2. Overreach; cheat. [Fr.] 

GOURD (gord), n. 1. Large fleshy fruit. 2. 
Rind of a gourd used as a drinking-cup. 3. 
Gourd plant. [Fr. gourde — L. cucurbita.] 

GOURMAND (gor'mand), n. 1. One addicted 
to choice food and drink; epicure. 2. One 
who eats greedily. [Fr.] 

GOURMET (gor-ma'), n. Inordinately nice 
feeder; epicure. [Fr.] 

GOUT (gowt), n. Disease with inflammation of 
the smaller joints, and especially of the great 
toe. [Fr. goutte — L. gutta, drop.] 

GOUT (go), n. Taste; relish. [Fr. — L. gustus, 
taste.] 

GOUTINESS (gowt'i-nes), n. Gouty condition. 

GOUTY (gowt'i), a. Of, pertaining to, or affected 
with, gout. 

GOVERN (guv'ern), v. [pr.p. GOVERNING; 
p.t. and p.p. GOVERNED (guv'ernd).] I. vt. 
1. Rule with authority. 2. Gram. Require 
as a mood, tense, or case of. 3. Direct; con- 
trol; influence. II. vi. Administer the laws. 
[Fr. gouverner — L. guberno, steer.] 

GOVERNABLE (guv'ern-a-bl), a. That may or 
can be governed. 

GOVERNANCE (guv'ern-ans), n. Government; 
control; direction; behavior. 

GOVERNESS (guv'ern-es), n. Lady who has 
charge of the instruction of children; tutoress. 
[O. Fr. governesse.] 

GOVERNMENT (guv'ern-ment), n. 1. Ruling 
or managing; control. 2. System of gov- 
erning. 3. Persons authorized to administer 
the laws. 4. Territory over which sovereign 
power extends. 5. Gram. 
Power of one word in determin- 
ing the form of another. 

GOVERNMENTAL (guv-ern- 
men'tal), a. Pertaining to or 
sanctioned by government. 

GOVERNOR (guv'ern-ur), n. 1. 
Chief executive officer of a 
state; ruler. 2. Tutor. 3. 
Mach. Regulator, or contri- 
vance for maintaining uniform velocity with a 
varying resistance. 




Governor of an 
engine. 



GOVERNORSHIP (guv'ern-ur-ship), n. Posi- 
tion or office of a governor. 

GOWN (gown), n. 1. Woman's upper garment. 
2. Long loose robe worn by professional men. 
[Wei. gwn.~\ 

GOWN (gown), v. [pr.p. GOWN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GOWNED (gownd).] I. vt. Put a gown 
upon ; invest with the gown. II. vi. Put on a 
gown. 

GOWNSMAN (gownz'man),n. [pi. GOWNS'MEN.] 
One whose professional habit is a gown, as an 
ecclesiastic, student or barrister. 

GRAB (grab), n. 1. Sudden or spasmodic snatch- 
ing of anything. 2. Device for shunting cars 
on overhead cable railroads. 

GRAB (grab), vt. [pr.p. GRAB'BING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRABBED (grabd).] Seize or grasp sud- 
denly. [Sw. grabba, grasp.] 

GRACE (gras), n. 1. Easy elegance in form or 
manner. 2. What adorns and commends 
to favor; adornment; embellishment. 3. 
Favor; mercy; pardon. 4. Undeserved kind- 
ness and mercy of God; divine influence; eter- 
nal life or salvation. 5. Short prayer at meat. 
— Days of grace, three days allowed for the 
payment of a note or bill of exchange, after 
being due. [O. Fr. — L. gratia, favor.] 

GRACE (gras), vt. [pr.p. GRA'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRACED (grast).] 1. Mark with favor. 
2. Adorn. 

GRACEFUL (gras'fol), a. 1. Elegant and easy. 
2. Marked by propriety or fitness; becoming. 

GRACEFULLY (gras'fQl-i), adv. In a graceful 
manner. 

GRACEFULNESS (gras'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being graceful. 

GRACELESS (gras'les), a. 1. Void of grace or 
dignity. 2. Corrupt; depraved; abandoned. 

GRACES (gra/sez), n.pl. Greek Myth. Virgin 
daughters of Zeus and Eurynome; the at- 
tendants of Venus, named Aglaia (beauty and 
goodness), Thalia (perpetual bloom), and 
Euphrosyne (cheerfulness) ; generally de- 
picted as three cheerful maidens with hands 
joined, and either nude or only wearing trans- 
parent robes; supposed to teach the duties of 
gratitude and friendship, and to promote 
love and harmonv. 

GRACILE (gras'il), a. Slender. [t». gracilis.] 

GRACILITY (gra-sil'i-ti), n. Slenderness. 

GRACIOUS (gra'shus), I. a. 1. Abounding in 
grace or kindness. 2. Proceeding from di- 
vine favor. 3. Agreeable; attractive; becom- 
ing; graceful. II. inter j. Expresses surprise. 

SYN. Benevolent; condescending; be- 
nignant; favorable; kind; merciful; affable; 
courteous. ANT. Haughty; ungracious; 
churlish; discourteous. 

GRACIOUSLY (gra'shus-li), adv. In a gracious 
manner. 

GRACIOUSNESS (gra'shus-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being gracious. 
GRADATION (gra-da'shun), n. 1. Rising step 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GRADATORY 



541 



GRAMPUS 



by step; progress from one degree or state to 
another. 2. Arrangement in ranks. 3. De- 
gree or rank. [Fr. — L. gradatio — gradus, 
step.] 

GRADATORT (grad'a-to-ri), a. 1. Proceeding 
step by step; gradual. 2. Adapted for walk- 
ing or forward movement. 

GRADE (grad), n. 1. Degree or step in rank or 
dignity. 2. Degree of slope on a road. [Fr. 
— L. grad us, step.] 

GRADE (grad), vt. [pr.p. GRA'DING; p.U and 
p.p. GRA'DED.] 1. Arrange according to 
proficiency, size, etc. 2. Reduce to an even 
degree of slope, or to a level. 

GRADIENT (gra'di-ent), I. a. Gradually rising; 
rising with a regular slope. II. n. 1. Degree 
of slope on a road or railway. 2. Difference 
in the height of the barometer between one 
place and another place at some distance. 3. 
Incline. 

GRADUAL (grad'u-al), a. Advancing by grades 
or degrees; regular and slow. 

GRADUALLY (grad'u-al-i), adv. In a gradual 
manner. 

GRADUATE (grad'u-at), v. [pr.p. GRADUA- 
TING; p.*. and p.p. GRADUATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Divide into regular intervals. 2. Admit to a 
degree at the end of a course of study. II. 
vi. 1. Pass or change by degrees. 2. Pass 
through a college course or other course of 
instruction and receive a degree; complete a 
course; take a degree. [L. L. graduatus, p.p. of 
graduo, confer a degree upon; from L. gradus, 
step.] 

GRADUATE (grad'u-at), n. One admitted to a 
degree in a college, university, or society; one 
who has completed any course. 

GRADUATION (grad-u-a'shun), n. 1. Regular 
progression by succession of degrees. 2. The 
conferring or receiving of academical degrees. 
3. A division of any space into small regular 
intervals. 4. The reduction of a liquid to a 
certain consistence by evaporation. 

GRADUATOR (grad'u-a-tur), n. One who or 
that which graduates; mathematical instru- 
ment for graduating or dividing lines into 
regular intervals. 

GRAF (graf), n. [pi. GRAF'EN.] German title 
of nobility equivalent to an English earl or 
French count. [Ger.] 

GRAFT (graft), n. 1. 
Small shoot of a tree, 
inserted into another 
tree which is to sup- 
port and nourish it. 
2. Unlawful perquis- 
ite; petty boodle; gain 
acquired by corrupt 
practice in a position 
of trust; unfair official 
conduct for profit; bribery; blackmail. 
graff e — L. graphium, pencil.] 

GRAFT (graft), v. [pr.p. GRAFT'ING; p.U 




Grafts. 



[0. Fr. 



and 



p.p. GRAFTED.] I. vt. 1. Insert a shoot or 
scion into, as into a tree. 2. Insert after the 
manner of a graft. II. vi. 1. Practice graft- 
ing. 2. Obtain unlawful gains by bribery or 
otherwise. 

GRAFTER (graft'er), n. 1. One who practices 
grafting. 2. One who obtains unlawful gains 
by bribery or boodling. 

GRAFTING (graft'ing), n. 1. Act of inserting 
grafts. 2. Practice of taking bribes or cor- 
ruption money. 

GrAIL (gral), n. In medieval legend, the Holy 
Cup in which Christ celebrated the Lord's 
Supper. [O. Fr. greal, possibly — L. cratella, 
bowl.] 

GRAIN (gran), n. 1. Single small hard seed. 2. 
(Collectively) the seeds of certain plants which 
form the chief food of man. 3. 31inute 
particle; very small quantity. 4. Unit of 
troy weight (5,760 gr. = 1 pound). 5. Red 
dye obtained from the kermes or coccus-in- 
sect. 6. Arrangement of the particles or 
fibres, as in stone or wood; texture. [O. Fr. — 
L. granum, grain.] 

GRAIN (gran), vt. [pr.p. GRAIN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRAINED (grand).] 1. Paint in imi- 
tation of wood. 2. Form into grains, as 
sugar. 3. Free a skin of (hair) ; raise the 
grain of (leather), etc. 

GrALL^E (gral'e), GrALLATORES (gral-a- 
to'rez), n.pl. Order of birds, the waders. 
[L. grallce, stilts — gradior, walk.] 

GRALLATORIAL (gral-a-to'ri-al), a. Of or 
relating to the Grallatores or wading birds, 
as the crane, stork, etc. 

GRAM, GRAMME (gram), n. French or Metric 
System unit of weight, equal to 15.432 grains. 
[Gr. gramma, letter, small weight.] 

-GRAM, suffix. Denoting something written or 
drawn; as, telegram, diagram. [Gr. gramma, 
writing.] 

GRAMINEAL (gra-min'e-al), GRAMINEOUS 
(gra-min'e-us), a. Like or pertaining to grass; 
grassy. [L. gramen, grass.] 

GRAMINIVOROUS (gram-i-niv'o-rus), a. Feed- 
ing or subsisting on grass and herbs. [L. 
gramen, grass, and voro, eat.] 

GRAMMAR (gram'ar), n. 1. Science of the right 
use of language. 2. Book which teaches 
grammar. 3. Elementary work. [Fr. gram- 
maire — Gr. gramma, letter, from grapho, 
write.] 

GRAMMARIAN (gram-ma'ri-an), n. One versed 
in, or who teaches grammar. 

GRAMMATIC (gram-mat'ik), GRAMMATICAL 
(gram-mat'ik-al), a. Belonging to, or accord- 
ing to, the rules of grammar. 

GRAMMATICALLY (gram-mat'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a grammatical manner. 

GRAMOPHONE (gram'o-fon), n. Form of 
phonograph. [Gr. gramma, writing, and phone, 
sound.] 

GRAMPUS (gram'pus), n. Large voracious fish 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met her; mite, mit; note, not, move wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
*»^, law, i««,*, lo,l, .. ,._ w in - Scotcn gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GRANADA 



542 



GRAPE 



of the dolphin family. [Through Pg. or Sp. ; 
from L. grandis piscis, great fish.] 

GRANADA (gra-na'da), n. City, capital of 
province of same name, Spain. 

GRANARY (gran'a-ri), n. [pi. GRANARIES.^ 
Storehouse for grain. [L. granarium — gran- 
um.] 

GRAND (grand), a. 1. Of imposing size. 2. 
Inspiring. 3. Noble. 4. Complete. 5. Chief, 
as in orawtf'master. 6. Of the second degree 
of parentage or descent, as in grandfather. 
[Fr. grand — L. grandis, great.] 

SYN. Illustrious; sublime; great; mag- 
nificent; august; stately; exalted; majestic; 
lofty. ANT. Little; insignificant; unim- 
posing; inferior; petty; unimportant; paltry; 
beggarly; mean; common. 

GRAND (grand), n. Grand piano, a large piano 
of great compass and power. 

GRANDAM (gran'dam), n. Old dame or woman. 
[GRAND and DAM, mother.] 

GRAND AUNT (grand'ant), n. Aunt of one's 
parent. 

GRANDCHILD (grandchild), n. [pi. GRAND- 
CHILDREN.] Child of one's son or daughter. 

GRANDDAUGHTER (grand'da-ter), n. Daugh- 
ter of one's son or daughter. 

GRANDEE (gran-de'), n. 1. Spanish nobleman 
of the first rank. 2. Any nobleman or man of 
high rank. 

GRANDEUR (gran'dur), n. Splendor; sublimity. 

GRANDFATHER (grand'fa-ffter), n. Father of 
one's mother or father. 

GRANDILOQUENCE ( gran-dil'o-kwens), n. 
Quality or state of being grandiloquent. 

GRANDILO QUENT (grand-il'o-kwent) , a. Speak- 
ing grandly or bombastically; pompous. [L. 
grandis, grand, and loquens, pr.p. of loquor, 
speak.] 

GRANDIOSE (gran'di-6s), a. 1. Grand or im- 
posing. 2. Pompous. 

GRANDIOSITY (gran-di-os'i-ti), w. Quality 
of being grandiose; pompous. 

GRANDIOSO (gran-dyo'zo), adv. Music. Grand- 
ly. [It.] 

GRAND-JUROR ( grand' jo-rur), n. Member of 
a grand- jury. 

GRAND-JURY (grand' jo-ri), n. [pi. GRAND- 
JURIES.] Jury that decides whether there 
is sufficient evidence to put an accused person 
on trial. 

GRANDMA (grand'ma), GRANDMAMA (grand- 
ma-ma), n. Grandmother. 

GRANDMOTHER (grand'mutfc-er), n. Mother 
of one's mother or father. 

GRANDNEPHEW (grand'nef-u), n. Son of 
one's nephew or niece. 

GRANDNIECE (grand'nes), n. Daughter of 
one's nephew or niece. 

GRANDPA (grand'pa), GRANDPAPA (grand- 
pa-pa), n. Grandfather. 

GRANDSIRE (grand'sir), n. Grandfather; an- 
cestor. 



GRANDSON (grand'sun), n. Son of one's child. 

GRAND STAND (grand stand). Principal stand, 
tier of seats, or other accommodation for 
spectators at a race-course, field sport, etc. 

GRANDUNCLE (grand'ung-kl), n. Uncle of 
one's father or mother. 

GRANGE (granj), n. 1. Granary. 2. Farm, 
with the dwelling-house, stables, barns, etc. 
3. Society of farmers for the promotion of 
agricultural interests. [Fr. grange, barn — L. L. 
granea — L. granum, grain.] 

GRANGER (gran'jer), n. 1. Member of a far- 
mer's grange. 2. Rustic. 

GRANILITE (gran'i-lit), n. Granite composed 
of more than three ingredients. [L. granum, 
grain, and lithos, stone.] 

GRANITE (gran'it), n. Igneous crystalline rock, 
composed of quartz, feldspar, and mica, and 
of whitish, grayish, or reddish color. [It. 
granito, grained — L. granum, grain.] 

GRANITE WARE (gran'it-war), n. 1. Kind of 
ironstone china. 2. Kind of enameled iron 
kitchenware, very durable. 

GRANITIC (gra-nit'ik), a. Pertaining to, con- 
sisting of, or like, granite. 

GRANIVOROUS (gra-niv'o-rus), a. Eating 
grain; feeding on seeds. [L. granum, grain, 
and voro, eat.] 

GRANT (grant), vt. [pr.p. GRANT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRANTED.] 1. Bestow; give. 2. Ad- 
mit as true (what is not yet proved) ; concede. 
[O. Fr. granter.] 

SYN. Allot; confer; transfer; admit; 
allow. ANT. Withhold; withdraw; re- 
serve; deny. 

GRANT (grant), n. 1. Bestowing. 2. Some- 
thing bestowed; allowance; gift. 3. Trans- 
fer or conveyance by deed or writing. 

GRANTEE (grant-e'), n. Person to whom a 
grant, gift or conveyance is made. 

GRANTOR (grant'tir or grant-ar'), n. Person by 
whom a grant or conveyance is made. 

GRANULAR (gran'u-lar), a. Consisting of or 
like grains. 

GRANULATE (gran'u-lat), v. [pr.p. GRANU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. GRANULATED.] I. 
vt. 1. Form or break into grains. 2. 3Iake 
rough on the surface. II. vi. Be formed in- 
to grains. [L. granum, grain.] 

GRANULATED (gran'u-la-ted), a. 1. € 
ular. 2. Having the surface covered with 
small elevations. 

GRANULATION (gran-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
forming into grains. 2. [pi.] Grain-like bod- 
ies which form in sores when healing. 

GRANULE (gran'ul), n. Little grain. [L. 
granulum, dim. of granum.] 

GRANULIFORM (gra-nu'li-farm), a. Min. 
Having an irregular granular structure. 

GRANULOUS (gran'u-lus), a. Full of grains or 
particles. 

GRAPE (grap), n. 1. Fruit of the vine. 2. 
Grape-shot. [O. Fr. grape, cluster of grapes.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, l&h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



GRAPEFRUIT 



543 



GRATING 



GRAPEFRUIT (grap'frot) 
pumelo or shad- 
dock. Fruit much 
larger than, and 
similar in forma- 
tion, to an orange, 
of a bright lemon- 
yellow color. Pulp 
is tart and some- 
times sweet with a 
tonic bitter taste. 
The white inner skin 
covering the pulp is 
very bitter. Culti- 
vated largely in Chi- 
na and also found 
in citrus growing 
States of the United 
States. 

GRAPE-SHOT (grap- 
shot),n. Missile dis- 
charged from a cannon 



Species 




Grapefruit (Citrus 
decumana). 



intermediate between 
case-shot and solid shot. 

GRAPH (graf), n. A representation by means of 
lines, exhibiting the nature of the law accord- 
ing to which some phenomena vary. [Gr. 
graphe, writing.] 

-GRAPH, suffix. Denotes that which writes or 
is written; as, stylosrrapft, autograph. [Gr. 
graphe, writing — grapho, write.] 

GRAPHIC (graf'ik), GRAPHICAL (graf'ik-al), 
a. 1. Pertaining to writing; describing or 
delineating. 2. Picturesquely described. [Gr. 
graphikos — grapho, write.] 

GRAPHITE (graf it), n. Mineral, commonly 
called black-lead or plumbago (though con- 
taining no lead) largely used in making pencils. 
[Gr. grapho, write.] 

GRAPHOPHONE (graf'o-fon), 
n. Form of phonograph. 
[Gr. grapho, write, and phone, 
sound.] 

-GRAPHT, suffix. Descrip- 
tion; writing. [Gr. graphia.] 

GRAPNEL (grap'nel), n. Small 

anchor with several claws 

or arms ; grappling-iron. 

[O. Fr. grappil; from root 

p GRAPPLE.] 

v ''PLE (grap'l), n. Device consisting of a 

series of metal hooks used to grasp anything. 

GRAPPLE (grap'l) v. [pr.p. GRAPPLING; p.t. 
and p.p. GRAPPLED (grap'ld).] I. vt. Grip; 
seize; lay fast hold of. II. vi. Contend in 
close fight. [Dim. of GRAB.] 

GRAPPLING-IRON (grap'ling-i-urn), n. Large 
grapnel, formerly used for seizing hostile ships 
in naval engagements. 

GRASP (grasp), v. [pr.p. GRASP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRASPED (graspt).] I. vt. Seize and 
hold by clasping with the fingers or arms; 
understand. II. vi. Endeavor to seize; 
catch at. [M. E. graspen.] 




Graphophone. 



1. 



Grip of the hand. 2. 
Power of the intellect. 








Grass-house in Hawaii. 



GRASP (grasp), n. 
Reach of the arms. 

4. Act of grasping. 

GRASS (gras), n. 1. Common herbage. 2. 
Order of plants with long, narrow leaves, 
and tubular _.,- 

stem, inclu- ,---;.'-"--"— * '" 

ding wheat, 
oats, etc. [A. 

5. gro3s.] 
GRASSHOPPER 

(gras'hop-er), 
n. Hopping in- 
sect, allied to _ 
the locust. Grasshopper (Orochans saltator). 

GRASS-HOUSE (gras'hows), n. House with 
roof and sides 
made of thatch, 
common in the 
tropics. 

GRASSINESS 
(gras'i-nes), n. 
Quality or state 
of being grassy. 

GRASSY (gras'i), 
a. 1. Covered 
with or resem- 
bling grass. 2. 
Green. 

GRATE (grat), n. 
Framework 
composed of bars with interstices, especially 
one of iron bars for holding coals while 
burning. [L. L. grata — L. cratis, hurdle. 
See CRATE.] 

GRATE (grat), v. [pr.p. GRATING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRATED.] I. vt. 1. Rub hard or wear away 
with anything rough. 2. Make a harsh sound 
with. 3. Irritate or offend. II. vi. 1. Rub 
hard. 2. Make a harsh sound. [Fr. gratter — 
O. Ger. chrazzon (Ger. kratzen), scratch.] 

GRATEFUL (grat'fol), a. 1. Causing pleasure; 
acceptable; delightful. 2. Thankful; having 
a due sense of benefits. [L. gratus, pleasing.] 

GRATEFULLY (gratfol-i), adv. In a grateful 
manner; with gratitude. 

GRATEFULNESS (grat'fol-nes), n. Quality of 
being grateful. 

GRATER (grater), n. Utensil for rasping of 
fine particles from a body. 

GRATIFICATION (grat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Pleasing; indulging. 2. That which grati- 
fies; delight. 3. Gratuity; bonus. 

GRATIFY (grati-fl), vt. [pr.p. GRATIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. GRATIFIED (grat'i-fid).] Please; 
soothe. [L. gratifico — gratus, kind, and facio, 
make.] 

SYN. Delight; humor; indulge; gladden; 
satisfy; recompense. ANT. Displease; dis- 
satisfy; disappoint; deny. 

GRATING (gra'ting), n. Framework of bars. 

GRATING (gra'ting), a. Fretting; harsh; irri- 
tating. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



GRATIS 



544 



GREAT 



GRATIS (gra/tis), adv. For nothing; without 
payment or recompense. [L., contr. of gratiis, 
ablative pi. of gratia, favor.] 

GRATITUDE (grat'i-tud), n. Warm and friendly 
feeling towards a benefactor; thankfulness. 
[Fr. — L. L. gratitudo.] 

GRATUITOUS (gra-tu'i-tus), a. Not required; 
not called for by the circumstances; voluntary; 
without reason, ground or proof. [L. gratuitus 
— gratus.] 

GRATUITOUSLY (gra-tu'i-tus-li), adv. In a 
gratuitous manner; gratis. 

GRATUITY (gra-tu'i-ti), n. [pi. GRATU'ITIES.] 
Present; acknowledgment of service, gener- 
ally pecuniary. [Fr. — L. L. gratuitas — gratus.] 

GRATULATE (grat'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. GRAT- 
ULATING; p.t. and p.p. GRAT'ULATED.] 
Congratulate. 

GRAVAMEN (gra-va'men), n. Most serious 
part of a charge or complaint. [L. L. — 
gravis, heavy.] 

GRAVE (grav), v. [pr.p. GRAVING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRAVED (gravd).] I. vt. 1. Carve or 
cut on a hard substance; engrave. 2. Im- 
press deeply. II. vi. Carve; engrave. [A. S. 
grafan, dig, engrave.] 

GRAVE (grav), n. 1. Pit dug out, especially one 
in which to bury the dead; place of burial; 
sepulcher. 2. Death; destruction. [A. S. gra- 
fan.] 

GRAVE (grav), a. 1. Weighty. 2. Not gay. 3. 
Music. Not acute; low. [L. gravis.] 

SYN. Important; momentous; sober; se- 
rious; solemn; sedate; demure; sad. ANT. 
Joyous; merry; facetious; ridiculous; unim- 
portant; trivial; light; frivolous; futile. 

GRAVEL (grav'el), n. 1. Small stones often 
intermixed with sand. 2. Small collections 
of gravelly matter in the kidneys or bladder. 
[O. Fr. gravele — Wei. gro, pebbles.] 

GRAVEL (grav'el), vt. [pr.p. GRAVELING; 
p.t. and p.p. GRAVELED (grav'eld).] 1. Cov- 
er with gravel. 2. Puzzle. 

GRAVELY (grav'li), adv. In a grave manner. 

GRAVER (gra'ver), n. 1. Engraver. 2. Tool 
for engraving on hard substances. 

GRAVESTONE (grav'ston), n. Stone laid over, 
or placed at the head of, a grave as a memorial. 

GRAVEYARD (grav'yard), n. Inclosure used 
as a burial ground; cemetery. 

GRAVITATE (grav'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. GRAVI- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. GRAVITATED.] 1. 
Be acted on by gravity; tend towards the earth. 
2. Tend towards some object. [L. gravis, 
heavy.] 

GRAVITATION (grav-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
tending to a center of attraction, as the 
earth. 

GRAVITY (grav'i-ti), n. [pi. GRAVITIES.] 1. 
Weightiness; importance. 2. Sobriety. 3. 
Tendency of matter to attract and be at- 
tracted, thus causing weight. 4. State of 
being grave or sober. 5. Music. Lowness of 



a note. [Fr. gravite — L. gravitas — gravis, 
heavy.] 

GRAVY (gra'vi), n. [pi. GRA'VIES.] 1. Juices 
that issue from meat while cooking. 2. Liq- 
uid dressing for food. [From GREAVES.] 

GRAY, GREY (gra), I. a. 1. Of a white color 
mixed with black; ash-colored. 2. Aged. 
II. n. 1. Gray color. 2. Animal of a gray 
color, as a horse. [A. S. grag.] 

GRAYBEARD (gra'berd), n. One with a gray 
beard; old man. 

GRAYHOUND (gra'hownd), n. Same as GREY- 
HOUND. 

GRAYISH (gra'ish), a. Somewhat gray. 

GRAYLING (gra 'ling), n. Silver-gray fish of 
the salmon family. 




Grayling. 

GRAZE (graz), v. [pr.p. GRA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRAZED (grazd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to feed on 
growing grass. 2. Eat herbage from. II. 
vi. Eat growing grass or herbage. [From 
GRASS.] 

GRAZE (graz), v. [pr.p. GRA'ZING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRAZED (grazd).] I. vt. Touch or rub 
lightly in passing. II. vi. Touch something 
lightly in passing. [Etym. doubtful ; perhaps 
only a special use of GRAZE above.] 

GRAZIER (gra'zher), n. One who grazes or 
pastures cattle and rears them for the market. 

GRAZING (gra'zing), n. 1. Act of feeding on 
growing grass. 2. The feeding or raising of 
cattle. 3. Pasture. 

GREASE (gres), n. 1. Soft thick animal fat; 
oily matter of any kind. 2. Inflammation of 
the heels of a horse, marked by a swelling, 
etc. [Fr. graisse — gras, fat — L. crassus, gross, 
thick.] 

GREASE (gres or grez), vt. [pr.p. GREAS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. GREASED (grest or grezd).] 
Smear with grease. 

GREASER (gres'er or grez'er), n. 1. One who 
or that which greases. 2. Opprobrious name 
for a Mexican. 

GREASILY (gres'i-li or grez'i-li), adv. In a 
greasy manner. 

GREASINESS (gres'i-nes or grez'i-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being greasy. 

GREASY (gres'i or grez'i), a. Of or like grease 
or oil; smeared with grease; smooth; fat. 

GREAT (grat), a. [comp. GREATER; supcrl. 
GREATEST.] 1. Large. 2. Long-continued. 
3. Superior; distinguished; highly gifted; no- 
ble; mighty; sublime; of high rank. 4. Chief. 
5. Weighty. 6. Indicating one degree more 
remote in the direct line of descent, as great- 
grandfather. [A. S.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch qude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



GREAT BRITAIN 



545 



GREW 



SYN. Big; wide; huge; numerous; pro- 
tracted; excellent; magnanimous; powerful; 
exalted. ANT. Little; narrow; puny; few; 
scanty; short; mean; ignoble; weak; un- 
important. 

GREAT BRITAIN(grat brit'an), l.Largest island 
of Europe including England, Scotland and 
Wales. 2. United kingdom of Great Britain 
and Ireland. Area 88,729 sq.m. 

GREATER (grat'er), a. With increased terri- 
tory; as, Greater New York, the city with its 
annexed suburbs; Greater Britain, Great 
Britain and the entire British empire. 

GREATLY (grat'li), adv. In a great manner. 

GREATNESS (grat'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being great. 

Great Salt Lake, in Utah, in n. e. part 

of Great Basin, 70 m. long. 

GREAVE (grev), n. Armor for the leg below the 
knee. [O. Fr. greves.] 

GREAVES (grevz), n.pl. Remainder of pork 
or tallow tried out; scraps. [Ger. griebn.] 

GREBE (greb), n. Aquatic 
bird, having a long con- 
ical beak, short wings, 
and no tail. [Fr. grebe.] 

Grecian (gre'shan), i. 

a. Pertaining to Greece. 
II. n. 1. Native of 
Greece. 2. One well, 
versed in the Greek' 
language and litera- 
ture. See GREEK. 

GRECISM (gre'sizm), n. 
Idiom of the Greek , 
language. Head and foot of Grebe ' 

GREECE (gres), n. Kingdom, S. E. Europe. 
Area 25,014 sq. m. 

GREED (gred), n. Eager desire or longing; 
covetousness. [A. S. gratd.] 

GREEDILY (gred'i-li), adv. In a greedy manner. 

GREEDINESS (gred'i-nes), n. Quality of being 
greedy. 

GREEDY (gred'i), a. 1. Having a voracious 
appetite. 2. Covetous. 

GREEK (grek), I. a. Per- 
taining to Greece; Gre- 
cian. II. n. 1. Gre- 
cian, especially a mem- 
ber of the ancient Greek 
race. 2. Language of 
Greece. [Gr. Graikos.] 

Greek-fire (grek'fir), «. 

Combustible substance 
inextinguishable by wa- 
ter, used by the Greeks 
of the Byzantine empire 
against the Saracens. 
GREEN (gren), I. a. 1. Of 

the color of growing plants. 2. Growing; vig- 
orous. 3. New; unripe; inexperienced; young. 
II. n. 1. The color of growing plants. 2. 
Small green or grassy plat. 3. [pi.] Fresh 





Pericles, Greek gen- 
eral and statesman. 
Born B. C. 499— 
died B. C. 429. 



leaves; wreaths; leaves of green vegetables 
used for food, etc. [A. S. grene, from root of 
GROW.] 

GREENBACK (gren'bak), n. U. S. legal tender 
note, first issued in 1862. 

GREENGAGE (gren'gaj), n. Green variety of 
the plum, named after Sir William Gage, 
about 1725. 

GREENGROCER (gren'gro-ser), n. One who 
retails greens, or fresh vegetables and fruits. 

GREENHORN (gren'harn), n. 1. Raw, inex- 
perienced person. 2. Immigrant recently 
arrived. 

GREENHOUSE (gren'hows), n. House partially 
covered with glass to shelter tender plants 
from cold weather, or advance plants or fruit. 

GREENING (gren'ing), n. Green variety Of apple. 

GREENISH (gren'ish), o. Somewhat green. 

GREENLAND (gren'land), n. Large Danish 
island, N. E. of N. America. 

Green Mountains. Range in Vermont, u. 

S. Highest peak, 4,240 ft. 

GREENR003I (gren'rom), n. Room near the 
stage in a theater to which actors retire during 
the intervals of their parts in the play. 

GREENS AND (gren'sand), n. Sandstone In 
which green specks of iron occur. 

GREENSHANK (gren'shangk), n. Bird of the 
snipe family, with greenish-gray legs and feet. 

GREENSICKNESS (gren'sik-nes), n. Chlorosis. 

GREENSNAKE (gren'snak), n. Harmless col- 
ubrine snake common in the southern United 
States. 

GREENSWARD (gren'sward), «. Turf green 
with grass. 

GREENWICH (gren'ij), n. Borough, Kent, Eng- 
land, on the Thames, noted for its Royal Ob- 
servatory, from the meridian of which longi- 
tudes are usually measured. 

GREENWOOD (gren'wpd), n. 1. Forest in sum- 
mer when the trees, etc., are green. 2. Wood 
that has acquired a green tint from fungi. 

GREET (gret), if. [pr.p. GREETING; p.t. and p.p. 
GREET'ED.] 1. Salute or address with kind 
wishes. 2. Send kind wishes to; congratu- 
late. 3. Accost. 4. Receive with expression 
of approval or disapproval; as "the performer 
was greeted with applause and hisses." [A. 
S. gretan.] 

GREETING (gret'ing), n. 1. Expression of kind- 
ness or joy. 2. Salutation. 

GREGARIOUS (gre-ga/ri-us), a. Associating 
or living in flocks or herds. [L. grex, flock.] 

GRENADE (gre-nadO, n. Small shell of iron or 
glass, filled with powder and bits of iron, and 
thrown from the hand. [So called from its 
resembling a pomegranate.] 

GRENADIER (gren-a-der'), n. 1. Soldier who 
threw grenades. 2. Soldier peculiarly equipped. 

GRETNA GREEN (gret'na gren). VUlage in 
Dumfriesshire, Scotland; noted for runaway 
marriages. 

GREW (gro), v. Past tense of GROW. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GREY 



546 



GRISETTE 




GREY (gra), a. and n. Same as GRAY. 
GREYHOUND (gra'- 

hownd), n. 1. Swift 

hunting hound, of 

slender form, great 

length of limb and 

muzzle, and great 

keenness of sight- 2. 

Figurative name ap- 
plied to a swift pas- 
senger - steamship, ' 

as oceangreyhound. *- 2 * y 

[Etym. doubtful.] Greyhound. 

GRID (grid), n. Elec. Perforated or ridged lead 

plate employed in the formation of a storage 

battery. 
GRIDDLE (grid'l), n. Shallow iron pan for 

baking cakes; also a cake baked on a griddle. 

[Wei. greidell.] 
GRIDE (grid), n. Harsh, grinding sound. [From 

root of GRIND.] 
GRIDIRON (grid'i-urn), n. 1. Frame of iron 

bars for broiling flesh or fish over the fire. 2. 

Elec. Battery plate resembling a grating. 3. 

Colloquial name given to a football field. 

[31. E. gridire, griddle.] 
GRIEF (gref), n. 1. Heaviness of heart; sorrow; 

regret; mourning. 2. Cause of sorrow; af- 
fliction. [Fr.] 

SYN. Trouble; tribulation; sadness. ANT. 

Joy; exultation; delight; elation; hilarity. 
GRIEVANCE (grev'ans), n. Cause of grief; 

burden; hardship; injury. 

SYN. Affliction; complaint; trouble. ANT. 

Congratulation; rejoicing; boon; benefit; 

alleviation. 
GRIEVE (grev), v. [pr.p. GRIEVING; p.t. and 

p.p. GRIEVED (grevd).] I. vt. Cause grief or 

pain of mind to. II. vi. Feel grief. 

SYN. Trouble; burden; annoy; afflict; 

mourn; lament; complain; deplore. ANT. 

Ease; console; soothe; please; rejoice; ex- 
ult; gratify; alleviate. 
GRIEVOUS (grev'us), o. 1. Causing, or full of, 

grief; burdensome; painful. 2. Heinous; 

atrocious; hurtful. 
GRIEVOUSLY (grev'us-li), adv. In a grievous 

manner. 
GRIEVOUSNESS (grev'us-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being grievous. 
GRIFFIN (grif'in), GRIFFON (grif'un), n. Fa- 
bled animal, with the body and legs of a lion, 

and the beak and wings of an eagle. [Fr. 

griffon — Gr. gryps, hook-nosed.] 
GRILL (gril), vt. [pr.p. GRILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GRILLED (grild).] 1. Broil on a gridiron. 

2. Torment. [Fr. griller — gril, gridiron.] 
GRILL (gril), n. Utensil of loose rods set across 

an open fire for broiling food. 
GRILL-ROOM (gril'rom), n. Restaurant where 

steaks, etc., are broiled to order. 
GRIM (grim), a. Of forbidding aspect; ferocious; 

ghastly; horrible. [A. S.] 



GRIMACE (gri-mas'), n. Distortion of the face, 
in jest, etc.; smirk. [Fr.] 

GRIMALKIN (gri-mal'kin), n. Old cat. [GRAY 
and MALKIN, dim. of Moll or Mary.] 

GRIME (grim), n. Ingrained dirt. [From root 
of Dan. grim, soot.] 

GRIME (grim), vt. [pr.p. GRIMING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRIMED (grlmd).] Soil deeply. 

GRIMLY (grim'li), adv. Sternly; forbiddingly. 

GRIMNESS (grim'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being grim. 

GRIMY (gri'mi), a. Full of grime; foul; filthy. 

GRIN (grin), v. [pr.p. GRINNING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRINNED (grind).] I. vi. Set the teeth to- 
gether and withdraw the lips; show the teeth. 
II. vt. Express by grinning. [A. S. grennian.] 

GRIN (grin), n. Act of grinning; broad smile; 

i smirk. 

GRIND (grind), v. [pr.p. GRIND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GROUND (grownd).] I. vt. 1. Reduce 
to powder by friction. 2. Wear down or 
sharpen by rubbing. 3. Rub together. 4. 
Oppress or harass. II. vi. Be moved or 
rubbed together. [A. S. grindan.] 

GRIND (grind), n. 1. Act of grinding. 2. 
Hard or distasteful work. 3. Laborious study 
for a special examination, etc. 4. Plodding, 
laborious student. 

GRINDER (grinder), n. 1. One who or that 
which grinds. 2. Double or jaw-tooth. 

GRINDSTONE (grind'ston), n. Circular re- 
volving stone for grinding or sharpening 
tools. 

GRIP (grip), n. 1. Grasp or firm hold with the 
hand, etc. 2. Instrument or appliance for 
grasping. 3. Satchel. 4. Grasp peculiar to 
a secret society, by means of which members 
are recognized; as, the Masonic grip. [A. S. 
gripe — grlpan, seize.] 

GRIP (grip), vt. [pr.p. GRIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRIPPED (gript).] Take fast hold of; grasp 
or gripe. 

GRIP (grip), n. Same as GRIPPE. 

GRIPE (grip), vt. [pr.p. GRIPING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRIPED (gript).] 1. Grasp with the hand; 
seize and hold fast; squeeze. 2. Give pain 
to (the bowels). [A. S. grlpan.] 

GRIPE (grip), n. 1. Fast hold; grasp. 2. Forci- 
ble retention. 3. Griffin. 4. Usurer. 5. 
[pi.] Severn spasmodic pain in the intestines. 

GRIPING (gri'ping), a. 1. Avaricious. 2. 
Catching or seizing acutely. 

GRIPPE, GRIP (grip), n. Influenza or epidemic 
catarrh. , [Fr. grippe, a taking; from gripper, 
take hold.] 

GRIPPER (grip'er), n. One who or that which 
grips. 

GRIPSACK (grip'sak), n. Valise or traveler's 
hand-satchel. 

GRISETTE (gri-zef), n. Gay young French- 
woman of the lower class. [Fr. grisette, 
gray gown, which used to be worn by working 
Women in France; from gris, gray.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



GRISLY 



547 



GROUND 






GRISLY (griz'li), a. Frightful; hideous. [A. 
S. gryslic] 

GRIST (grist), n. Grain for grinding at one time ; 
supply; profit. [A. S.] 

GRISTLE (gris'l), n. Soft, elastic substance in 
animal bodies; cartilage. [A. S. gristle.] 

GRISTLED (gris'ld), GRISTLY (grisli), a. Con- 
sisting of or like gristle. 

GRIST-MILL (grist'mil), n. Mill for grinding 
grain. 

GRIT (grit), n. 1. Coarse part of meal. 2. 
Gravel. 3. Kind of hard sandstone. 4. [pi.] 
Oats coarsely ground; groats. 5. Pluck; 
courage; endurance. [A. S. greot, grytt, sand. 
Akin to GROUT.] 

GRIT (grit), vt. [pr.p. GRIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRIT'TED.] Grind with a rasping sound. 

GRITTINESS (grit'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being gritty. 

GRITTY (grit'i), a. 1. Consisting of or con- 
taining grit. 2. Plucky. 

GRIZZLE (griz'l), n. Gray. [Fr. gris.] 

GRIZZLED (griz'ld), a. Gray, or mixed with 
gray. 

GRIZZLY (griz'li), a. Of a gray color. — Grizzly 
hear, large ferocious bear, of the Western 
U. S. 

GROAN (gron), vi. [pr.p. GROANING; p.t. and 
p.p. GROANED (grond).] 1. Utter a moaning 
sound in distress. 2. Express disapprobation 
of a speaker by means of groans or similar 
sounds. [A. S. grdnian.] 

GROAN (gron), n. 1. Deep moaning sound as 
of distress. 2. Sound of disapprobation. 

GROANING (gron'ing), n. 1. Deep moan as of 
pain. 2. Low rumbling sound. 

GROAT (grot), n. 1. Old Eng. coin=4d. 2. 
Trifle. [L. Ger. grote, large coin.] 

GROATS (grots), n.pl. Grain deprived of the 
husks and crushed. [A. S. grut.] 

GROCER (grd'ser), n. Dealer in household 
supplies, such as tea, sugar, etc. [Fr. grossier, 
wholesale dealer.] 

GROCERY (gro'ser-i), n. [pi. GRO'CERIES.] 1. 
Store or shop kept by a grocer. 2. [pi.] 
Grocer's wares, such as sugar, tea, coffee, 
etc. 

GROG (grog), n. 1. Mixture of spirits and cold 
water. 2. Strong drink. [Derived from 
"Old Grog,*' a nickname given by British sail- 
ors to Admiral Vernon, who first introduced 
the drink, because he used to wear a grogram 
cloak.] 

GROGGERY (grog'er-i), n. [pi. GROG'GERIES.] 
Low drinking resort; dive. 

GROGGINESS (grog'i-nes), n. State of being 
groggy. 

GROGGY (grog'i), a. 1. Intoxicated. 2. Stag- 
gering. 

GROGRAM (grog'ram), n. Coarse cloth made of 
silk and mohair. [O. Fr. gros-grain.] 

GROIN (groin), n. 1. Depression between the 
thigh and abdomen. 2. Arch. Angular curve 



[Ice. 



formed by crossing of two arches. 
grein, division.] 

GROMMET (grom'et), n. Naut. Ring of rope 
made by the circular laying of a single strand 
until the entire size and thickness of the rope 
is formed. [O. Fr. gromme, groom.] 

GROOM (grom), n. 1. One who has the charge 
of horses. 2. Title of several officers of a 
royal household. 3. Bridegroom. 

GROOM (grom), vt. [pr.p. GROOM'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. GROOMED (gromd).] Tend, care for, 
or dress, as a groom does a horse. 

GROOMSMAN (gromz'man), n. [pi. GROOMS'- 
MEN.] Attendant on a bridegroom at his 
marriage. 

GROOVE (grov), n. ' 1. Furrow; long hollow; 
rut. 2. Fixed routine of thought or action. 
[Dut. groef, groeve, furrow, grave.] 

GROOVE (grov), vt. [pr.p. GROOVING; p.t. 
and p.p. GROOVED (grovd).] Grave or cut a 
groove or furrow in. 

GROOVER (grov'er), n. One who or that which 
grooves. 

GROPE (grop), v. [pr.p. GRO'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. GROPED (gropd).] I. vt. Search out by 
feeling with the hands, as in the dark. II. vi. 
Search for something by feeling about, as if 
blind or in the dark. [A. S. grdpian, seize; 
allied to GRAB and GRIPE.] 

GROSBEAK (gros'bek), n. Finch with a thick 
strong convex beak. [GROSS and BEAK.] 

GROSGRAIN (gro'gran), I. n. Stout and dura- 
ble corded silk fabric. II. a. Of the nature 
of grosgrain. [Fr.] 

GROSS (gros), I. a. Coarse; rough; dense; pal- 
pable. 2. Whole. 3. Coarse in mind; stupid; 
sensual; obscene. II. n. 1. Main bulk; whole 
taken together. 2. [sing, and pi.] Twelve 
dozen. — Great gross, twelve gross. — In gross, 
in bulk; wholesale. [Fr. gros — L.L. grossus.] 

GROSSLY (gros'li), adv. In a gross manner. 

GROSSNESS (gros'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being gross. 

GROT (grot), n. Grotto. (Poet.) 

GROTESQUE (gro-tesk'), a. Extravagantly 
formed; ludicrous; uncouth. [Fr. — It. grot- 
tesca. Grottos were commonly adorned with 
quaint figures.] 

GROTTO (grot'6), n. [pi. GROTTOS.] Natural 
or artificial cave, especially, one decorated 
with rock-work, etc., and resorted to for 
coolness in hot weather. [It. grotta.] 

GROUCHINESS (growch'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being grouchy. 

GROUCHY (growch'i), a. Gruff; morose. 
[From the root of GRUDGE.] 

GROUND (grownd), n. 1. Surface of the earth; 
land; field; floor, etc. 2. Position; field of 
action. 3. That on which something is raised ; 
foundation; reason. 4. Art. Surface on which 
the figures are represented. 5. Elec. Connec- 
tion with the earth. 6. [pi.] Dregs; sediment. 
[A. S. grund.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



GROUND 



548 



GRUBSTAKE 



GROUND (grownd), v. [pr.p. GROUNDING; p.t. 
and p.p. GROUNDED.] I. vt. 1. Fix on a 
foundation or principle; instruct in first prin- 
ciples. 2. Place or run on the ground. 3. 
Connect with the earth. II. vi. Strike the 
bottom and remain fixed. 

GROUNDER (grownd'er), n. In baseball, a 
ball thrown or struck so as to fly close to and 
along the ground. 

GROUND-FLOOR (grownd'flor), n. Floor of a 
house on a level with the street or exterior 
ground; first floor. 

GROUND-HOG (grownd'hog), n. 1. American 
marmot; woodchuck. 2. South African 
aardvark. — Ground-hog day, 2nd of February, 
on which day the ground-hog or woodchuck 
is said to emerge from his hole, and if he sees 
his shadow, retreat to his hole for six weeks, 
the shadow being a sign of six weeks more of 
winter. See cut under WOODCHUCK. 

GROUNDING (grownd'ing), n. Background of 
embroidery, etc. 

GROUNDLESS (grownd'les), a. Without ground, 
foundation, or reason. 

GROUNDLESSLY (grownd'les-li), adv. In a 
groundless manner. 

GROUNDLESSNESS (grownd'les-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being groundless. 

GROUNDLING (grownd'ling), w. 1. Fish which 
keeps near the bottom of the water, especially 
the spinous loach. 2. Person of low degree; 
underling. 

GROUNDNUT (grownd'nut), n. Name for 
various plants and tubers, especially the 
peanut. 

GROUND-PLAN (grownd 'plan), n. Plan of the 
horizontal section of the lowest or ground 
story of a building. 

GROUNDS (growndz), n.pl. Dregs; sediment. 

GROUND-SQUIRREL (grownd'- 
skwer-el), n. Squirrel that bur- 
rows in the ground; prairie 
squirrel. 

GROUND-SWELL (grownd'swel), 
n. Broad, deep undulation o 
the ocean, proceeding from a 
distant storm. 

GROUNDWORK ( grownd 'wurk), 
n. That which forms the ground 
or foundation of anything; basis; 
part; first principle. 

GROUP (grop), n. 1. Number of persons or 
things together. 2. Art. Combination of 
figures forming a harmonious whole. [Fr. 
groupc, from Teut. root of CROP.] 

GROUP (grop), v. [pr.p. GROUPING; p.t. and 
p.p. GROUPED (gropt).] I. vt. Form into a 
group or groups. II. vi. Fall into harmo- 
nious combination; form a group. 

GROUPING (grop'ing), n. 1. Act or result 
of arranging in a group. 2. Art of com- 
bining the objects of a picture or piece of 
sculpture. 




Ground- 
squirrel. 

essential 




Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa 

umbellus) . 

[O. Fr. 



GROUSE (grows), n. sing, 
bird of many varie- 
ties, including the 
European red grouse 
(Lagopus scoticus), 
and the American 
ruffed grouse or par- 
tridge of the northern 
United States (Bo- 
nasa umbellus), sage 
grouse and various 
kinds of partridges and related birds. 
griesche, gray.] 

GROUT (growt), n. Coarse meal; sediment of 
liquor. [A. S. grut.] 

GROUTY (growt'i), a. 1. Roily. 2. Surly. 

GROVE (grov), n. Cluster of shade-trees. [A. 
S. grdf.] 

GROVEL (grov'el), vi. [pr.p. GROVELING; p.t. 
and p.p. GROVELED (grov'eld).] 1. Crawl 
on the earth. 2. Be mean, low, depraved. 
[Ice. grufla.] 

GROVELER (grov'el-er), n. One who grovels; 
person of low, mean spirit or tastes. 

GROW (gro), v. [pr.p. GROWING; p.t. GREW 
(gro) ; p.p. GROWN (gron).] I. vi. 1. Become 
enlarged by a natural process. 2. Advance 
towards maturity; develop. 3. Thrive. 4. 
Become; pass from one state to another. II. 
vt. Cause to grow; raise. [A. S. growan.] 

SYN. Expand; extend; cultivate; in- 
crease; accrue; flourish; produce. ANT. 
Diminish; recede; stop; wane; die. 

GROWL (growl), vi. [pr.p. GROWLING; p.t. 
and p.p. GROWLED (growld).] 1. Utter a 
deep guttural sound, like an angry dog. 2. 
Grumble surlily. [Ger. grollen, be angry, roar.] 

GROWL (growl), n. 1. Snarling sound, as of an 
angry dog. 2. Grumble. 

GROWLER (growler), n. 1. One who or that 
which growls. 2. Fish of the perch family, 
abundant in North American rivers, so named 
from the sound it emits. 3. Jug, pitcher, or 
other vessel used for carrying beer home from 
the place of sale. (Colloq.) 

GROWTH (groth), n. 1. Gradual increase; 
progress; development. 2. That which has 
grown; product. 

GRUB (grub), v. [pr.p. GRUB 'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
GRUBBED (grubd).] I. vi. 1. Dig in the dirt. 
2. Be occupied meanly. 3. Eat. (Colloq.) II. 
vt. Dig or root out of the ground. [A. S. grd- 
pian, grope.] 

GRUB (grub), n. 1. Larva of the beetle, moth, 
etc. 2. Something to eat. (Colloq.) 

GRUBSTAKE (grub'stak), n. Outfit consisting 
of supplies, food, utensils, etc., furnished for 
an undertaking or enterprise in exchange for 
a share in the profits. Usually applied in 
mine prospecting. [From GRUB and STAKE.] 

GRUBSTAKE (grub'stak), vt. [pr.p. GRUB'- 
STAKING; p.t. and p.p. GRUBSTAKED 
(grub'stakt).J Supply with a grubstake. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, 



fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
=u m Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 






GRUDGE 



549 



GUAO 



GRUDGE (gruj), v. [pr.p. GBUDG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRUDGED (grujd).] I. vt. 1. Look upon 
with envy. 2. Give or take unwillingly. II. vi. 
Show discontent. [O. Fr. groucher, murmur.] 

GRUDGE (gruj), n. 1. Secret enmity or envy. 
2. Old cause of quarrel; ill-will. 3. Reluc- 
tance; unwillingness. 

GRUDGINGLY (gruj'ing-li), adv. Unwillingly. 

GRUEL (gro'el), n. Thin porridge, made by 
boiling meal in water. [O. Fr.] 

GRUESOME (gro'sum), o. Horrible; fearful. 
[L. Ger. grusom, cruel.] 

GRUFF (gruf), a. Rough; abrupt in manner; 
churlish. [Dut. grof.] 

GRUFFLY (gruf'li), adv. In a gruff manner. 

GRUFFNESS (gruf'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being gruff. 

GRUMBLE (grum'bl), vi. [pr.p. GRUMBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. GRUMBLED (grum'bld).] Murmur 
with discontent; growl; rumble. [O. Ger. 
grummeln.] 

GRUMBLE (grum'bl), n. Act of grumbling; 
complaint. 

GRUMBLER (grum'bler), w. One who grumbles. 

GRUME (groin), n. Thick fluid; clot of blood. 
[O. Fr. grume.] 

GRUMPISH (grump'ish), GRUMPY (grump'i), 
a. Surly; cross. [From root of GRUMBLE.] 

GRUNT (grunt), vi. [pr.p. GRUNTING; p.t. and 
p.p. GRUNT'ED.] 1. Make a sound like a 
pig. 2. Utter guttural sounds. [A. S. grun- 
ian.] 

GRUNT (grunt), n. 1. Short, guttural sound, as 
of a pig. 2. Food-fish of the genus H&mulon, 
found in the warm waters of the Atlantic 
Ocean from Cape Hatteras to Florida, and of 
which there are many different species. 

GRUNTER (grunt'er), n. One who or that 
which grunts. 2. Horse accustomed to snort 
and belch wind when pulling a load. 



GRUPPETTO (grbp-pef- 
to), n. Music. Group 
of notes. [It.] 

GUACAMA YA, GUACA- 
MAIA (gwa-ka-mi'a), 
n. Parrot fish of the 
Caribbean Sea (Scarus 
Callyodon guacamia). 
[Sp. guacameya, ma- 
caw.] 

GUACIMA (gwa'se-ma), 
n. The "orchata" tree 
of tropical America, of 
the genus Sterculiacece 
and 



written Played 

a — 



i 



WRITTEN 

2_ 



i 



Played 



Gruppetto. 

with yellow flowers 
nut-like fruit, from which latter a re- 
freshing drink called orchata is made. 

GUACOCOA (gwa-ko-ko'a), n. Fiber-producing 
tree of the genus Daphnaeece found in the West 
Indies and tropical America. 

GUAIACOL (gwi'a-kol), n. Chetn. Mixture of 
guiacum and creosote used in infinitesimal 
doses for consumption? guiacol. [GUIACUM 
and -OL.] 



G^AIACUM (gwi'a-kum), n. Same as GUIACUM. 
GUAM (gwam), n. Island, Pacific Ocean, 

largest of the Ladrones. U. S. possession. 

Area 200 sq. m. Aborigines live in native 

dwelling-houses like cut. 




Guam native dwelling made of reeds and bamboo 
with roof of cocoanut thatch. 

GUAMA (gwa-ma'), n. Tree used as a shade 
tree for young coffee trees when first set out, 
native of tropical countries where coffee is 
grown (genus Mimosa). 

GUAN (gwan), n. Bird of the Cracidai family, 
resembling the curassow, and largely found 
in the State of Texas. 

GUANA (gwa'na), n. 1. Zool, New Zealand 
lizard, similar to the iguana. 2. Bot. Fibrous 
net-like inner bark of the Pariti datum or 
mahoe tree used in Cuba and Porto Rico to 
tie cigars into bundles. 

GUANABANO (gwan-a'ba-no), n. Small tree, 
of the genus Anona- 
cece, or its large egg- 
shaped dark-green 
fruit with rough, 
knobby and spiny 
skin, and having a 
soft, juicy, sweet and 
tart pulp; sour-sop. 
[Sp.] 

GUANACO(gwa-na'kd), 
n. Large kind of 
llama. [S. American.] 

GUANO (gwa'no), n. 
Excrement of sea- 
birds, in a decom- 
posed state used as 
huanu, dung.] 

GUAO (gwa'o), n. Tree of the genus Ani- 
cardiaceaiy bearing a luscious fruit from 
which an exceedingly bitter and acrid bean- 
like nut grows at the stem. See cut under 
MARANON. 




Guanabano or Sour-sop 
(Anona muricata). 

a fertilizer. [Peruv. 



fate, fat, task, tar, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



GUARANTEE 



550 



GUIACOL 



GUARANTEE (gar-an-te'), n. 1. One to whom a 
guaranty is given; opposed to GUARANTOR. 
2. Guaranty. 3. Incorrectly, but in accord- 
ance with common usage, a guarantor. 

GUARANTEE (gar-an-te'), vt. [pr.p. GUARAN- 
TEEING; p.t. and p.p. GUARANTEED 
(gar-an-ted').] 1. Undertake (that another 
shall perform certain engagements). 2. Make 
sure. 3. Warrant. 

GUARANTOR (gar-an-tar'), n. One who guar- 
antees or warrants. 

GUARANTY (gar'an-ti), n. [pi. GUAR'ANTIES.] 

1. An engagement or undertaking on the 
part of a third person or party that the condi- 
tions or stipulations of an engagement or 
promise entered into by any person shall be 
fulfilled. 2. Any security or warranty. [O. 
Fr. garantie, p.p. of garantir, warrant; from 
garant, a warrant.] 

GUARD (gard), n. 1. That which guards from 
danger. 2. Man or body of men stationed to 
protect. 3. One who has charge of a coach 
or railway-train. 4. State of caution; pos- 
ture of defense. 5. Part of the hilt of a sword. 
6. Frog or other device on watch-chain. 7. 
[pi.] Troops attached to the person of a sover- 
eign or other official. [O. Fr. garde — garder — 

0. H. Ger. warten, watch.] 

GUARD (gard), v. [pr.p. GUARDING; p.t. and 
p.p. GUARDED.] I. vt. 1. Ward; watch. 

2. Protect from danger or attack. 3. Pro- 
tect the edge of, as by an ornamental border. 
II. vi. Be wary; watch. 

GUARDED (gard'ed), a. 1. Wary; cautious. 2. 

Uttered with caution. 
GUARDEDLY (gard'ed-li), adv. In a guarded 

manner. 
GUARD-HOUSE (gard 'hows), n. Mil. 1. House 

for the accommodation of a guard of soldiers. 

2. House where military offenders are con- 
fined. 
GUARDIAN (gard'i-an), I. n. 1. One who 

guards or takes care of. 2. One who has the 

care of an orphan minor. II. a. Protecting. 
GUARDIANSHIP (gard'i-an-ship), n. Office of 

a guardian; care; protection. 
GUARD-LAMP (gard'lamp), n. Elec. Small 

incandescent electric light, placed on the 

switchboard of a telephone 

exchange which ignites up- 
on a call-signal being made, 

so as to prevent mistakes 

by the telephone operator. 
GUARDSMAN (gardz'man), 

n. Soldier of the guards. 
GUATE3IALA (gwa-te-ma/- 

la or gwa-ta-ma'la), n. 

Republic and city, Central 

America. Area 48,300 sq. m. 

Guatemalan (gwa-te- 

ma'lan or gwa-ta-ma/lan), 

1. a. Of or pertaining to Guatemala. II. 





Guatemalan. 



Native or inhabitant of Guatemala. 



GUAVA (gwa'va), n. Tree and shrub of tropical 
America of the 
genus Myrtacew, 
with yellow, pear- 
shaped fruit which 
is made into jelly. 
[Sp. guayaba, of 
W. Indian origin.] 

Guayaquil (gwi- 

a-kel'), n. Chief 
commercial city of 
Ecuador. 

GUBERNATORIAL 
(gu-ber-na-to 'ri- 
al), a. Pertaining 
to a governor or 
to his office. [L. Guava (Psidium guajava). 
gubernator, governor. 

GUDGEON (guj'un), n. 1. Small fresh-water 
fish, easily caught. 2. Any one easily cheated. 
[Fr. goujon.] 

GUDGEON (guj'un), n. 1. Mach. Pin, wedge 
or pivot placed at the end of a shaft to prevent 
the pulley from slipping. 2. Naut. Socket in 
which the pintle of the rudder is set so as to 
enable it to turn from side to side. [O. Fr.] 

GUELDER-ROSE, GELDER 
ROSE (gel'der-roz), n. Plant 
(Vibernum Opulus), common- 
ly called the snow-ball tree. 

GUERDON (ger'dun), n. Re- 
ward. [O. Fr.] 

GUERNSEY (gern'zi), n. 1. Is- 
land, Channel Islands. Area 
28 sq. m. 2. Breed of dairy 
cattle somewhat larger than 
the Hereford and Jersey Welder Eose. 
breeds. [Named from the island of Guernsey.] 

GUERRILLA (ger-ril'a), I. n. Member of an 
irregular band of soldiers. II. a. Pertaining 
to irregular or petty warfare. [Sp., dim. of 
guerra, war.] 

GUESS (ges), v. [pr.p. GUESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
GUESSED (gest).] I. vt. 1. Judge of at ran- 
dom. 2. Form an opinion or idea of on prob- 
able grounds. 3. Conjecture rightly; divine. 
4. Suppose ; imagine. II. vi. 1. Form a con- 
jecture; make a guess. 2. Believe; think. 
[M. E. gessen — geten, get.] 

SYN. Reckon; surmise; fancy; suspect. 
ANT. Examine; prove; investigate; es- 
tablish; demonstrate; deduce. 

GUESS (ges), n. 1. Judgment or opinion with- 
out sufficient evidence or grounds. 2. Act of 
guessing. 

GUESSER (ges'er), n. One who guesses. 

GUESSWORK (ges'wiirk), n. Result from 
working by surmise or conjecture. 

GUEST (gest), n. Visitor received and enter- 
tained. [A. S. gwst.] 

GUFFAW (guf-fa'), n. Loud laugh. [From the 
sound.] 

GUIACOL (gwi'a-kol), n. Same as GUAIACOL. 




fate, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' ■ 



GUIACUM 



551 



GULLET 




Guiacum. 



Direction; govern- 



GUIACUM (gwi'a-kum), n. Tree of the genus 
Zygopfoyllacece, 
and the resinous 
gum from it. The 
tree is also known 
as lignum-vitce; 
guaiacum. [Sp. 
guayaco, lignum- 
vitae.] 

Guiana (ge-a/na), 

n. Region, S. A., 
comprises British, 
Dutch and French 
Guiana. 

GUIDANCE (gid'ans), 
ment. 

GUIDE (gid), vt. [pr.p. GUIDING; p.t. and p.p 
GUID'ED.] 1. Lead; direct. 2. Regulate; 
influence. [O. Fr. guider.'] 

GUIDE (gid), n. 1. One who or that which 
guides. 2. Soldier or other person employed 
to obtain information for an army. 3. Any- 
thing calculated to direct or maintain in a 
certain direction or position. 4. Guide-book. 

GUIDE-BIRD (gid'berd), n. Same as HONEY- 
GUIDE. 

GUIDE-BOARD (gid'bord), n. Board or other 
sign placed at the intersection of roads to give 
instructions to travelers as to direction and 
distance. 

GUIDE-BOOK (gid'bok), n. Book of informa- 
tion for tourists. 

GUIDE-POST (gid 'post), n. Post erected at a 
road-fork, to guide the traveler. 

GUIDON (gi'don), n. 1. Little flag or standard 
of a troop of cavalry. 2. Flag used to direct 
the movements of infantry or to signal at sea. 
3. Flag of a guild or fraternity. 4. One who 
bears a guidon; standard-bearer. [Fr. guider, 
guide.] 

GUILD, GILD (gild), n. 1. Association of per- 
sons for mutual aid. 2. Ancient trade or- 
ganization. [A. S. gild, tribute.] 

GUILE (gil), n. Artfulness; trickery. [From 
root of WILE.] 

GUILEFUL (gfl'fol), a. Full of Wiles and trickery. 

GUILELESS (gil'les), a. Devoid of guile; un- 
sophisticated. 
GUILLOTINE (gil 'o -ten), n. Instrument for 
beheading by the fall of a heavy ax. [Named 
after Guillotin, a Paris physician, its inventor, 
1789.] 
GUILLOTINE (gil-o-ten'), vt. [pr.p. GUILLOTI- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. GUILLOTINED (gil-o- 
tend').] Behead with the guillotine. 
GUILT (gilt), n. 1. Punishable conduct. 2. 
State of having broken a law. 3. Criminal- 
ity; wickedness. [A. S. gylt, crime.] 
GUILTILY (gilt'i-li), adv. In a guilty manner. 
GUILTINESS (gilt'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being guilty. 
GUILTLESS (gilt'les), a. Free from crime; in- 
nocent. 



Same as KAFFIR 




Guinea-fowl (Mumida 
meleagris) . 



GUILTLESSNESS (gilt'les-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being guiltless. 
GUILTY (gilt'i), a. [comp. GUILTIER; superl. 

GUILT'IEST.] 1. Having incurred guilt; 

criminal. 2. Cognizant of or characterized 

by guilt. 
GUIMPE (gimp or gangp), n. Chemisette; a 

garment worn with low-necked dress* [Fr.] 

Guinea (gin'i), Gulf of. On w. coast of 

Africa. 
GUINEA (gin'i), n. English gold coin, no longer 
used=21s., first made of gold brought from 
Guinea in Africa. 
GUINEA CORN (gin'i-karn). 

CORN (which see). 
GUINEA-FOWL (gin'i- 
fowl), GUINEA-HEN 

(gin'i-hen), n. Fowl of 
a dark-gray color, with 

white spots, originally 

from Guinea, in Africa. 
GUINEA-PIG (gin'i-pig), 

n. Small S. American 

animal. [Prob. for GUIANA-PIG.] 
GUIPURE (ge-pur'), n. 1. Imitation of antique 

lace. 2. Kind of gimp. [Fr.] 
GUISE (giz), n. 1. Manner; behavior; external 

appearance. 2. Dress; garb. [Fr. guise. 

See WISE.] 
GUITAR (gi-tar'), n. 

Musical stringed 

instrument like the 

violin in shape but 

larger, and played 

upon with the fingers. [Fr. guitar e — L. cithara.] 
GULASH, GOULASH, GOULASCH (go'lash), n. 

Stew of meat and vegetables highly seasoned, 

cooked in Hungarian style. [Hung, gulya, 

flock, and hus, meat.] 
GULCH (gulch), n. Deep ravine. [Etym. doubtful.] 
GULF (gulf), n. 1. Large bay or indentation in 

the sea-coast. 2. Deep place in the earth; 

abyss. [Fr. golfe — Gr. kolpos.] 
GULL(gul),n. Web- 
footed, long- 
winged sea-fowl, 

with a hoarse 

cry. [Bret, gwelan 

— gwela, cry.] 
GULL (gul), n. 1. 

Trick. 2. One 

easily cheated. 

[Same word as 

GULL, sea-fowl, 

the bird being 

thought stupid.] 
GULL (gul), vt. [pr.p. GULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GULLED (guld).] Take in; dupe; trick; de- 
ceive; cheat. 
GULLET (gul'et), n. Passage by which food is 

conveyed from the pharynx into the stomach; 

esophagus. [Fr. goulet — O. Fr. goule — L. gula, 

throat.] 




Guitar. 




Common Gull (Larus 

Cunus) . 






late, tat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met her; mite mit; note not ^ove wolf ; mute, hut, burn, ( 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in bcotcn wn. 



GULLIBILITY 



553 



GUT 



GULLIBILITY (gul-i-bil'i-ti), w. Easy credulity. 
GULLIBLE (gul'i-bl), a. Easily gulled or de- 
ceived. 
GULLY (gul'i), n. [pi. GUL'LIES.] Furrow or 

channel worn by running water. [From root 

Of GULLET.] 
GULLY (gul'i), vt. [pr.p. GULLY'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. GULLIED (gul'id).] Wear a gully or 

channel in. 
GULP (gulp), vt. [pr.p. GULP ING; p.t. and p.p. 

GULPED (gulpt).] Swallow eagerly or in large 

drafts. [Dut. gulpen, swallow.] 
GULP (gulp), n. 1. Single act of swallowing. 2. 

As much as can be swallowed at one time. 
GUM (gum), n. Flesh of the jaws which sur- 
rounds the teeth. [A. S. goma.~\ 
GUM (gum), n. Substance which exudes from 

certain trees, and hardens on the surface. — 

Chewing-gum, preparation containing resin 

or paraffin. — Gum-arabic, essential part of 

mucilage. [Gr. kommi.] 
GUM (gum), v. [pr.p. GUM 'MING; p.t. and p.p. 

GUMMED (gumd).] I. vt. Smear, stiffen, 

close or unite with gum. II. vi. Become 

gummy; form gum. 
GUMBO (gum'bo), GOMBO (gom'bo), n. 1. 

Okra plant and its pods. 2. Soup made with 

these pods. 
GUMMY (gum'i), n. Having or being like gum; 

sticky; viscous. 
GUMPTION (gump'shun), n. 

[A. S. gyman, observe.] 
GUMPTIOUS (gump'shus), a. 

ception. 2. Conceited. 
GU3I-SHOE (gum'shb), n. Overshoe made of 

India-rubber. (Colloq.) 
GUN (gun), n. Weapon from which balls or 

other projectiles are discharged, usually by 

means of gunpowder; firearm; rifle; cannon. 

[Probably from 0. Fr. mangonel, catapult.] 
GUN (gun), vi. [pr.p. GUNNING; p.t. and p.p. 

GUNNED (gund).] Hunt or shoot with a 

gun. 
GUN-BARBEL (gun 'bar-el), n. Tube of a gun. 
GUNBOAT (gun'bot), n. Small vessel of light 

draft, fitted to carry one or more guns. 
GUNCOTTON (gun'kot-n), n. Highly explosive 

substance produced by soaking cotton or 

other vegetable fibre in nitric and sulphuric 

acids, and then leaving it to dry. 
GUN-METAL (gun'met-al), n. Alloy of ninety 

per cent copper and ten of tin, has a peculiar 

bronze-like color owing to its treatment with 

iron and sulphur compounds. 
GUN-MONEY (gun'mun-i), n. Allotment of 

prize-money in naval warfare according to 

the guns carried by each vessel. 
GUNNEL (gun'el),n. Gunwale. 
GUNNER (gun'er), n. One who tends a gun or 

cannon. 
GUNNERY (gun'er-i), n. Science of artillery. 
GUNNING (gun'ing), n. Hunting game with a 

gun. 



Quick judgment. 
1. Quick of per- 



GUNNY (gun'i), n. Strong coarse cloth manu- 
factured in India from jute, and used as sack- 
ing. [Hind, ganni, bag.] 

GUNPOWDER (gun'pow-der), ». Explosive 
mixture of sulphur, saltpeter and charcoal, 
used for guns and firearms. — Smokeless gun~ 
powder, gunpowder prepared with chemicals 
whose combination when exploded emits no 
smoke. See SMOKELESS POWDER. 

GUNSHOT (gun'shot), I. n. Distance to which 
shot can be thrown from a gun. II. a. Caused 
by the shot of a gun. 

GUNSMITH (gun'smith), n. One who makes or 
repairs guns or small-arms. 

GUNWALE (gun'wal or gun'l), n. Upper edge 
of a ship's side. [See WALE.] 

GURGLE (gur'gl), vi. [pr.p. GUR'GLTNG; p.U 
and p.p. GURGLED (gur'gld).] Flow in an ir- 
regular noisy current, as water from a bottle; 
make a bubbling sound. [From the sound. See 
GARGLE.] 

GURGLE (gur'gl), w. Act of gurgling; gurgling 
sound or flow. 

GURNARD (gur'nard), GURNET (gtir'net), w. 
Sea-fish with spiny head and mailed cheeks, 
that utters a growl when taken out of the wa- 
ter. [Ger. knurrhahn, growling cock.] 

GUSH (gush), vi. [pr.p. GUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p, 
GUSHED (gusht).] 1. Flow out with violence 
or copiously. 2. Make a silly display of affec- 
tion or sentiment. [Ice. gusa, gush.] 

GUSH (gush), n. Act of gushing. 

GUSHER (gusher), n. 1. One who or that which 
gushes; oil well that flows copiously. 2. Senti- 
mentalist. (Colloq.) 

GUSHING (gushing), a. 1. Rushing forth with 
violence; flowing copiously. 2, Effusive; 
foolishly sentimental. 

GUSSET (gus'et), n. Piece of cloth in a shirt 
which covers the armpit; angular piece of 
cloth inserted in a garment. [Fr. gousset, 
armpit.] 

GUST (gust), n. Sudden blast of wind; violent 
burst of passion. [Ice. gustr.] 

GUST (gust), n. Sense of pleasure of tasting; 
relish. [L. gustus, taste.] 

GUSTATION (gus-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of tasting. 
2. Sense of taste. 

GUSTATORY (gus'ta-to-ri), GUSTATIVE (gus'- 
ta-tiv), a. Of or pertaining to gustation. 

GUSTFUL (gust'fol), a. Same as GUSTY. 

GUSTINESS (gust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being gusty. 

GUSTO (gus'to), n. Keen 
relish; zest. [It.; from L. 

GUSTOSO (gus-to'so), a. 1. 

with taste and feeling. 2. Savory ; tasty. 

GUSTY (gust'i), a. 1. Subject to gusts or sud- 
den storms. 2. Stormy; squally. 3. Sub- 
ject to sudden outbursts of passion. 

GUT (gut), n. 1. Intestinal canal. 2. 
made of the entrails of an animal. 
geotan, pour. Akin to GUTTER.] 



enjoyment; taste; 
gustus, taste.] 
Music. Executed 



Material 

[A. S.— 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



GUT 



553 



GYVE 




GUT (gut), vt. [pr.p. GUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
GUTTED.] 1. Take out the bowels of; 
plunder. 2. Destroy the interior of. 

GUTTA-PERCHA (gut'ta-per'cha), to. Solidified 
juice of various trees 
in the Malayan is- 
lands resembling 
caoutchouc. [Malay. 
gat ah, gum, and per- 
cha, tree producingit.] 

GUTTER (gut'er), to. 
Channel at the eaves 
of a roof, or in the 
street, for carrying 
off rain water. [O. 
Fr. gouttiere — goutte 
— L. gutta, drop.] 

GUTTER (gut'er), v. 

[pr.p. guttering; Gutta-percha. 

p.t. and p.p. GUTTERED (gut'erd).] I. vt. Cut 
or form into small hollows. II. vi. Recome 
hollowed; run down in drops, as a candle. 

GUTTURAL (gut'iir-al), I. a. Pertaining to the 
throat; formed in the throat. II. to. Gram. 
Letter pronounced in the throat. [L. guttur, 
throat.] 

GUT (gi), to. Rope to guide or steady a suspended 
weight. [Sp. guia, guide.] 

GUY (gi), vt. [pr.p. GUYING; p.t. and p.p. 
GUYED (gid).] Steady or keep in position by 
a guy. 

GUY (gi), to. 1. Effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed up 
grotesquely on the day of the gunpowder plot. 
2. Odd figure; person of ludicrous appearance. 

GUY (gl),«*. [pr.p. GUYING; p.t. and p.p.GUYED 
(gid).] Make fun of; ridicule; fool. (Colloq.) 

GUZZLE (guz'l), v. [pr.p. GUZ'ZLING; p.t. and 
p.p. GUZZLED (guz'ld).] I. vt. Drink or swal- 
low greedily. II. vi. Drink with haste and 
greediness. [O.Fr. desgouziller, swallow down.] 

CwYGES(gi'jez),TO. Greek Myth. 1. Son of Collus, 
who made war against the gods — he had a hun- 
dred hands and fifty heads. 2. A Lydian who 
ascended the throne by means of an enchanted 
ring, which could make him invisible. 

GYMNARCHUS (jim-nar'kus), to. Fish of the 




Gymnarchus and Spawn 
(Gymnarchus niloticus). 

family of Gytnnarchidce, inhabiting the White 
Nile River in Africa, often attaining the length 
<yf six feet. It has a single fin on the whole 
length of back and two smaller fins near the 



gills. It does not use its fins as a means of 
propulsion but darts through the water by the 
movements of its tail. [Gr. gymnos, naked, 
and anthos, rectum.] 

GYMNASIUM (jim-na'zi-um), to. [pi. GYM- 
NA'SIA.] 1. Place for athletic exercise. 2. 
School for the higher branches of literature 
and science. [Gr. gymnazo, exercise naked.] 

GYMNAST (jim'nast), n. One who teaches or 
practices gymnastics. 

GYMNASTIC (jim-nas'tik), o. Pertaining to 
athletic exercise. 

GYMNASTICS (jim-nas'tiks), n.pl. Athletic ex- 
ercises; art or science of athletic exercise. 

GYMNOTUS (jim-no'tus), to. Genus of fish, in- 
cluding the electrical eel. 

GYNARCHY (jin'ar-ki), to. Rule or govern- 
ment by a female. [Gr. gune, woman, and 
archo, rule, govern.] 

GYPSEOUS (jip'se-us), a. Of or resembling 
gypsum. 

GYPSUM (jip'sum), n. Hydrous sulphate of 
lime. When calcined it is plaster-of-Paris. 
[L. — Gr. gypsos.] 

GYPSY (jip'si), to. See GIPSY. 

GYRAL (ji'ral), o. Having a whirling motion. 
[See GYRATE.] 

GYRATE (ji'rat), vi. [pr.p. GYRATING; p.t. 
and p.p. GY'RATED.] Whirl around a cen- 
tral point; move spirally. [L. gyro.] 

GYRATION (ji-ra'shun), to. 1. Act of whirling 
round a central point. 2. Spiral motion. 

GYRATORY (ji'ra-to-ri), o. Moving in a circle. 

GYRE (jir), to. A circular motion. 

GYRFALCON, GIERFALCON (jer'fa-kn), to. 
Large falcon, found in the arctic regions. [Ger. 
geier — O. Ger. giri, voracious, vulture, and 
falke, falcon.] 

GYROMANCY (ji'ro-man-si), to. Divination by 
walking in a circle till dizziness causes a fall 
towards one direction or another. [Gr. gyros, 
circle, and manteia, prophecy.] 

GYROSCOPE 
(ji'ro-skop), 
to. Flywheel 
so mounted ' 
upon a sys- 
tem of bear- 
ings that its 
axis may be 
tilted in any 
direction, used on the mono-rail car to pre- 
serve the equilibrium. [Gr. gyros, circle, and 
skopeo, view.] 

GYROSCOPIC-MONO-RAILROAD (ji-ro-skop'- 
ik-mon-o-ral'rod), to. See MONO-RAIL. 

GYROSTAT (ji'ro-stat), to. Instrument showing 
rotary force. [Gr. guros, circle, and statikos, 
static] 

GYRUS (ji'rus), to. [pi. GY'RL] One of the 
round ridges of the brain. 

GYVE (jiv), to. Fetter, especially for the legs — 
commonly used in plural. [Wei. gefyn.] 




Gyroscope 
tilted. 



Gyroscope in nor- 
mal position. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



554 



HADES 




» 



h (ach), n. [pi. H'S (ach'ez).] 
Eighth letter of the English 
alphabet. It represents a mere 
expiration of breath, as in 
harm, hear, inhale; or is silent, 
as in heir, hour; or indicates 
a change in the value of the 
preceding character as in ch, 
gh, th. 

HA (ha), inter j. Denotes surprise or joy. 

HAARLEM (har'lem), n. Town in Holland, 
10 m. W. of Amsterdam. 

HABEAS CORPUS (ha'be-as kar'pus). Writ 
to bring a prisoner before a court. [L., 
Have the body!] 

HABERDASHER (hab'ei-dash-er), n. 1. Seller 
of small-wares, as ribbons, tape, etc. 2. 
Dealers in men's articles of dress. [O. Fr. 
hapertas.] 

HABERDASHERY (hab'er-dash-er-i), n. Goods 
sold by a haberdasher. 

HABILIMENT (ha-bil'i-ment), n. 1. Garment. 
2. [pi.] Clothing; dress. [Fr. habillement — ■ 
habiller dress.] 

HABIT (hab'it), n. 1. Ordinary course of con- 
duct; general condition or tendency. 2. 
Practice; custom. 3. Outward appearance; 
dress, especially a tight-fitting dress, worn by 
ladies on horse-back. [Fr. — L. habitus, dress.] 

SYN. Manner; mode; fashion; tendency; 
usage; behavior; attire. ANT. Inexpe- 
rience; inconversance; desuetude; desha- 
bille; undress. 

HABIT (hab'it), vt. [pr.p. HAB'ITING; p.t. and 
p.p. HAB'ITED.] Dress; clothe; array; ac- 
couter. 

HABITABLE (hab'it-a-bl), a. That may be 
dwelt in. [Fr.] 

HABITABLENESS (hab'it-a-bl-nes), HABITA- 
BILIT Y (hab-it-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
habitable. 

HABITANCY (hab'it-an-si), n. Inhabitancy. 

HABITANT (hab 'it-ant), n. Inhabitant. 

HABITAT (hab'i-tat), n. Natural locality of an 
animal or plant. [L„ it dwells.] 

HABITATION (hab-i-ta'shun), n. 1. State of 
inhabiting or dwelling. 2, Dwelling; resi- 
dence. [L. habito, dwell.] 

HABITUAL (ha-bit'u-al), a. Formed or ac- 
quired by habit or frequent use; customary. 
SYN. Regular; ordinary; perpetual; cus- 
tomary; usual; common. ANT. Irregu- 
lar; extraordinary; occasional; unusual; 
exceptional; rare. 

HABITUALLY (ha-bit'u-al-i), adv. In a habit- 
ual manner; customarily. 

HABITUATE (ha-bit'u-at), vt. [pr.p. HABIT UA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. HABITUATED.] Cause 
to acquire a habit; accustom. [L. habitus, 
held in a state or condition.] 

HABITUATION (ha-bit-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of inhabiting. 2. Dwelling or residence. 3. 
Group; lodge; company. 




HABITUDE (hab'i-tud), n. 1. Usual manner. 

2. Relation. 3. Familiarity,, [L. habitudo — 

habeo.] 
HABITUE (ha-bit-u-a), n. Habitual frequenter 

of a place. [Fr.] 
HACIENDA (as-i-en'da), n. Plantation or coun- 
try estate. [Sp.] 
HACK (hak), vt. [pr.p. HACKING; p.t. and p.p. 

HACKED (hakt).] Cut, chop, or mangle. — 

Hacking cough, broken, troublesome cough. 

[A. S. haccian.] 
HACK (hak), n. Cut made by hacking. 
HACK (hak), I. n. 1. Hackney. 2. Person 

overworked on hire; literary drudge. 3. 

Four-wheeled closed carriage. II. a. Hired. 
HACK Oiak), vt. [pr.p. HACKING; p.t. and p.p. 

HACKED (hakt).] 1. Offer for 

hire. 2. Use roughly. 
HACKBERRY(hak'ber-i),n. [pi. 

HACK'BERRIES.] American 

tree allied to the elm, with J 

small edible berries. 
HACKLE (hak'l), n. 1. Instru- 
ment with hooks or iron teeth' 

for dressing hemp or flax. 2. 

Flimsy substance unspun. [Dut. 

hekel, dim, of haak, hook.] 
HACKLE (hak'l), vt. pr.p. 

HACKLING; p.t. and p.p. 

HACKLED (hak'ld).] 1. Dress 

with a hackle, as flax. 2. Tear Hackberry. 

rudely asunder. 3. Hack; haggle. 
HACKLER (hak'ler), n. Flax-dresser. 
HACKLY (hak'li), a. 1. Rough and broken, as 

if hacked or chopped. 2. Min. Covered with 

sharp points. 
HACKMAN (hak'man), n. [pi. HACK'MEN.] 

Driver of a hack. 
HACKMATACK (hak'ma-tak), n. American 

larch or tamarack tree. 
HACKNEY (hak'ni), n. Horse for general use, 

especially for hire. [Fr. haquenee, ambling 

or pacing nag.] 
HACKNEY (hak'ni), vt. [pr.p. HACKNEYING; 

p.t. and p.p. HACKNEYED (hak'nid).] 1. 

Carry in a hackney coach. 2. Use much; 

make commonplace. 
HACKNEY-COACH (hak'ni-koch), n. Coach 

plying for hire. 
HACKNEYED (hak'nid), o. 1. Let out for hire ; 

devoted to common use. 2. Much used. 
HAD (had), v. Past tense and past participle of 

HATE. 
HADDOCK (had- 

uk), n. Sea-fish 

of the cod family. 
HADEAN (ha-de'- 

an), o. Of or per- 
taining to Hades. 

Hades (ha'dez), 

n. 1. Greek Myth. 
parted spirits. 2 
souls of the dead; Sheol. 3. New Test. Sheol; 




Haddock (Melanogrammus 
cegleflnus) . 

Abode of shades and de- 
Old Test. Abode of the 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



KJEM- 



555 



HALF 



also hell or the infernal regions. [Gr. Haides 
— a priv. and idein, see.] 
H^M-, H^ME-, H^MAT-, H^EMO-, prefix. 

I. Consisting of or containing blood. 2. Re- 
sembling blood in color or any other respect. 
See HEM-, HEMA-, etc. [Gr. haima, haima- 
tos, blood.] 

H^MAL, HEMAL (he'mal), a. 1. Relating 

to the blood or blood-vessels. 2. Ventral, 

the opposite of NEURAL,. [Gr. haima, blood.] 
H^MATEIN (he'mat-in), n. Bot. Coloring 

matter of logwood. [Gr. haima, blood.] 
H^EMAMCEBA,HEMOMCEBA(hem-a-me'ba),w. 

White blood-corpuscle. [HIM- and AM (EBA.] 
HAFT (haft), n. Handle. [A. S. hwft.] 
HAG (hag), n. Repulsive or vicious old woman: 

witch. [A. S. hcegtesse, witch — Ger. hexe — 

haga, hedge.] 
HAGGARD (hag'ard), a. Lean; hollow-eyed. 

[From HAG.] 
HAGGIS (hag'is), n. Scotch dish prepared from 

the pluck of a sheep. [Fr. hechis, chopped 

meat.] 
HAGGLE (hag'l), v. [pr.p. HAGGLING; p.t. and 

p.p. HAGGLED (hag'ld).] I. vt. Cut unskill- 

fully; mangle. II. vi. Be slow and hard in 

making a bargain; stick at trifles. [Freq. of 

HACK, cut.] 
HAGGLE (hag'l), w. Act of haggling. 
HAGGLER (hag'ler), n. One who haggles; 

mangier. 
HAGUE (hag), THE. Capital of the Nether- 
lands. 
HAIKWAN (hi-kwan'), n. Imperial maritime 

customs of China. [Chinese hai, sea, and 

kwan, gateway.] 
HAIL (hal), vt. [pr.p. HAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HAILED (hald).] Greet; call to, at a distance; 

address; salute. [Abbr. from HAIL TO YOU. 

Akin to HALE.] 
HAIL (hal), I. n. Salutation; greeting; call. 

II. interj. Exclamation of greeting or wel- 
come. 

HAIL (hal), n. Frozen rain or particles of ice 
falling from the clouds. [A. S. haegel.] 

HAIL (hal), v. [pr.p. HAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HAILED (hald).] I. vt. Pour down, as hail. 
II. vi. Pour down hail. 

HAIL-FELLOW (hal'fel-16), n. Genial com- 
panion. 

HAILSTONE (hal'ston), n. Single piece or ball 
of hail. 

HAIR (har), n. 1. Filament growing from the 
skin of an animal. 2. Whole mass of hairs 
which forms a covering for the head or the 
whole body. 3. Minute hair-like processes 
on the cuticle of plants. 4. Anything very 
small and fine. [A. S. hcer.] 

HAIRBREADTH (har'bredth), HAIR'S- 
BREADTH (harz'bredth), n. Very small 
distance or dimension. 

HAIRBRUSH (har'brush), n. Brush for dressing 
and smoothing the hair. 



HAIR-CLOTH (har'klath), w. Cloth made partly 
or entirely of hair. 

HAIRDRESSER (har'dr©s-er), n. One who 
dresses or cuts hair. 

HAIRED (hard), a. Having hair; as black- 
haired. 

HAIRINESS (har'i-nes), w. Quality or state of 
being hairy. 

HAIRLESS (har'les), a. Without hair. 

HAIR-LINE (har'lin), n. 1. Line made of hair, 
used in fishing. 2. Slender line made in 
writing or drawing. 3. Print. Very thin 
line on a type. 

HAIR-PENCIL (har'pen-sil), n. Artist's brush 
made of a few fine hairs. 

HAIRPIN (har'pin), n. 1. Pin used in dressing 
the hair. 2. Forked pin of wire, tortoise- 
shell, etc., used for supporting the hair, or 
keeping it in place. 

HAIR-SPLITTING (har'split-ing), n. Art or 
act of making minute distinctions. 

HAIRSPRING (har'spring), n. Fine spring on 
the balance-wheel of a watch. 

HAIR-TRIGGER (har'trig-er), n. Trigger which 
discharges a gun or pistol by a hair-like spring. 

HAIRY (har'i), a. Of or resembling hair; cov- 
ered with hair. 

HAITI, HaYTT (ha'ti), «. Island and republic, 
W. Indies. Area of island 28,523 sq. m. 

HAITIAN (ha'ti-an), n. Same as HAYTIAN. 

HAJE (ha'je), n. African cobra. [Ar.] 

HAKE (hak), n. Fish resembling the cod. [A. 
S. haca, hook.] 




Hake 

HALBERD (hal-berd'), n. Weapon consisting 

of a combined ax and spear. 

[Fr. halebarde — O. Ger. helm, 

handle, and barte, axe.] 
HALBERDIER (hal-ber-der), n. 

One armed with a halberd. 
HALCYON (hal'si-un), I. n. King- 
fisher, a bird that was once 

believed to make a floating nest 

on the sea, which remained 

calm while it was hatching. 

II. a. Calm; peaceful; happy. 

IL. — Gr. alkyon.] 
HALE (hal), a. Healthy; robust; 

sound of body. [M. E. heil — Ice. heill.] 
HALE (hal), vt. [pr.p. HA'LING; p.t. and p.p. 

HALED (hald).] Drag; haul. [Variant of 

HAUL.] 
HALF (haf), I. n. [pi. HALVES (havz).] One 

of two equal parts. II. a. 1. Having or 

consisting of one or two equal parts. 2. 

Being in part; incomplete. III. adv. In an 




Halberds. 



m 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
«*v*, i*«, u***, k* 4 , .. k_^ { n - Scotcb g U de; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



HALF-AND-HALF 



556 



HALL-MARK 



equal part or degree; in part; imperfectly. 
[A. S. healf. Akin to HELP.] 

HALF-AND-HALF (haf-and-haf ), n. Mixture of 
beer and ale or ale and porter. 

HALF-BACK (haf'bak), n. 1. In football, a 
position on the right or left side of the field, 
between the quarter-back and full-back, or 
directly behind the forwards. 2. Player 
occupying this position. 

HALF-BAKED (haf'bakt), a. 1. Underdone. 
2. Incomplete. 3. Half-witted. 

HALF-BLOOD (haf'blud), n. Relation between 
those who are of the same father or mother, 
but not of both. 

HALF-BREED (haf 'bred), n. Offspring of par- 
ents not of the same race. 

HALF-BROTHER (haf'brutfi-er), n. Brother 
by one parent only. 

HALF-CASTE (haf'kast), n. Person one of 
whose parents belongs to a Hindu caste, while 
the other is a European. 

HALF-COCK (haf'kok), n. Position of the cock 
of a gun when retained by the first notch. 
— To go off at half-cock or half-cocked, to start 
or make a move before one is ready. 

HALF-HEARTED (haf'hart-ed), a. 1. Illiberal; 
ungenerous. 2. Wanting in enthusiasm; 
lukewarm. 

HALF-HOSE (haf'hoz), n. Short socks or stock- 
ings reaching half way to the knee. 

HALF-3IAST (haf 'mast), n. Position of a flag 
lowered half-way down the staff, in respect for 
the dead or in signal of distress. 

HALF-MEASTTRE (haf'mezh-ur), n. Any 

means inadequate for the end proposed. 

HALF-MOON (haf'mon), n. 1. Moon at the 
quarter when but half of it is illuminated. 2. 
Any semicircle. 

HALF-MOURNING (haf'morn-ing), n. Mourn- 
ing costume less than deep or full mourning. 

HALF-NOTE (haf 'not), n. Music. Half of a whole 
note in musical notation; also called minim. 

HALFPENNY (haf'pen-i or ha'pen-i or hap'e- 
ni), «. [pi. HALFPENCE or HALFPENNIES.] 
1. British copper coin worth a half penny, 
or one cent. 2. Value of a half a penny. 

HALF-SISTER (haf'sis-ter), n. Sister by one 
parent only. 

HALF-SOLE (haf 'sol), w. Piece of leather used 
to repair the sole of a shoe from shank 
to toe. 

HALF-SOLE (haf 'sol), vf. [pr.p. HALF'SOLING; 
p.t. and p.p. HALF-SOLED (haf'sold).] Repair 
with a new half-sole. 

HALF-TINT (haf 'tint), n. Intermediate tint. 

HALF-TITLE (haf'ti-tl), n. Short title of a book 
at the head of the first page of the text, or a 
title of any subdivision of a book when 
printed in a full page. 

HALF-TONE (haf 'ton), n. Plate, or impression 
therefrom, made by a photographic process 
in which the entire surface of the plate is cov- 
ered with a regular series of small dots, or a 



grating of fine lines in white. See cuts under 
ENGRAVING, ETCHING and SCREEN. 




65-line screen half-tone on zinc. 

HALF-TRUTH (haf 'troth), n. Statement con- 
veying only part of the truth. 

HALFWAY (haf'wa), I. adv. 1. At half the 
way or distance. 2. Imperfectly. II. a. 
Equally distant from two points; equidistant. 

HALF-WITTED (haf'wit-ed), a. Weak in in- 
tellect. 

HALF-YEARLY (haf'yer-li), I. a. Occurring 
every half-year or twice in a year; semi- 
annual. II. adv. Once in every half-year; 
semi-annually. 

HALIBUT (hali- 
but), n. Largest 
kind of flatfish. 

Halifax (hai'i- 

faks), n. Capi- 
tal of Nova Sco- 
tia, seaport. 
HALL (hal), n. 1. 

Passage at the entrance of a house; passage- 
way or thoroughfare through a house. 2. Large 
room; large chamber for public business. 3. 
Large public building. [A. S. heaU, roof.] 




Halibut (Hippoglossus 
hippoglossus). 




Mill; iilf 



Bancroft Hall with Memorial Hall in center, Naval 
Academy, Annapolis, Md. 

HALLE (halle), n. City in Prussian Saxony, on 

the Saale River. 
HALLELUIAH, HALLELUJAH (hal-e-16'ya), n. 

Expression of praise. [Heb.] 
HALL-MARK (hal'mark), n. Mark made on 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, thed, kh=cft. in Scotch loch. 



HALLO 



557 



HANAPER 



plate at Goldsmith's Hall, in London, to show 

its purity. 
HALLO (hal-16'), n. Same as HALLOO. 
HALLO, HALLOA (hal-16 '), inter). Used to 

call attention; hello. [A. S. edld.] 
HALLOO (hal-16'), n. 1. Hunting cry. 2. Cry 

to draw attention. 
HALLOO (hal-lo' or hol'6), v. [pr.p. HALLOO'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. HALLOOED (hal-lod' or 

hol-6d').] I. vi. 1. Cry after dogs. 2. Raise 

an outcry. II. vt. Encourage or chase with 

shouts. 
HALLOW (hal'6), vt. [pr.p. HALLOWING; p.t. 

and p.p. HALLOWED (hal'od).] Make holy; 

set apart for religious use; hold sacred. [A.S. 

hdlgian — hdlig, holy.] 
HALLOWE'EN (hal-6-en'), w. Evening before 

All-Hallows or All-Saints day. 
HALLUCINATION (hal-lo-si-na'shun), n. 1. 

Wandering of the mind. 2. Delusion; per- 
ception of things that do not exist. [L. hallu- 

cino, go astray mentally.] 
HALO (ha/16), n. 1. Luminous circle round the 

sun or moon. 2. Bright ring represented 

round the heads of holy persons; nimbus; 

glory. [Gr. halos.] 
HALT (halt), I. n. A halting or limping; lame- 
ness. II. a. Lame; crippled. [A. S.] 
HALT (halt), n. Act of stopping or halting on a 

march. 
HALT (halt), v. [pr.p. HALTING; p.t. and p.p. 

HALT'ED.] I. vt. Cause to cease marching. 

II. vi. 1. Stop from going on; stop in a march. 

2. Limp; hesitate. 
HALTER (hal'ter), n. 1. Head-rope or strap 

for holding and leading a horse. 2. Rope 

for hanging criminals. [A. S. healfter.] 
HALTER (hal'ter), vt. [pr.p. HALTERING; p.t. 

and p.p. HALTERED (hal'terd).] 1. Put a 

halter on. 2. Catch and tie up with a halter. 
HALVE (hav), vt. [pr.p. HALVING; p.t. and p.p. 

HALVED (halvd).] Divide into halves or two 

equal parts. 
HALYARD (hal'yard), n. Rope by which yards, 

sails, etc., are hauled or hoisted. [HALE and 

YARD.] 
HAM (ham), n. 1. Inner bend of the knee. 2. 

Thigh of an animal, especially of a hog, salted 

and dried. [A.S. hamm.] 
HAM-BEETLE (ham'be-tl), n. Household insect 

pest that infests the dry 

and preserved food such ^ 

as cheese, smoked ham, 

chipped beef, etc., 




among which the 
principal ones are 
the ham-beetle and 
ham-skipper. 

Hamburg (ham'- 

borkh), n. Free city 
and chief commer- 
cial port of Germany. Area 158 sq. m. 
HAME (ham), n. One of two curved pieces fitted 



Ham-skipper. 

1. Larva. 2. Puparium. 3. Pupa. 
4. Male fly. 5. Female with wings 
folded. 




Hammock. 



to a horse's collar to support the traces. [Dut. 

haam.] 
HAMLET (ham'let), n. Cluster of houses in the 

country; small village. [A. S. hdm, dwelling. 

Akin to HOME.] 
HAMMER (ham'er), n. 1. Tool for driving 

nails; anything similar, as the part of a clock 

that strikes the bell. 2. Machinery used for 

forging, etc. [A. S. hatner.] 
HAMMER (ham'er), v. [pr.p. HAMMERING; 

p.t. and p.p. HAMMERED (ham'erd).] I. vt. 

1. Beat, drive, shape or form with a hammer. 

2. Work out or contrive by intellectual labor. 
II. vi. 1. Work with a hammer; pound; 
beat. 2. Keep busy. 

HAMMER-BEAM (ham'er-bem), n. Beam which 
projects from the wall and forms a sort of 
bracket-support for the tie-beams. 
HAMMERHEAD (ham'er-hed), HAMMER- 
FISH (ham'er-fish), n. Rapacious fish of the 
shark family. [From the shape of its head.] 
HAMMOCK (ham'uk), n. Piece of strong cloth 
or netting suspended 
by the corners, and 
used as a bed ; swing- 
ing couch. [Sp. ham" 
aca; from an Amer- 
ican Indian word, 
meaning a net.] 
HAMPER (ham'per), vt. [pr.p. HAMPERING; 
p.t. and p.p. HAMPERED (ham'perd).] 1. Im- 
pede or perplex. 2. Shackle. [Ice. henja, p.t. 
of hamdiy restrain.] 
HA3IPER (ham'per), n. 1. Fetter. 2. Naut. Equip- 
ment and gear about the decks of a vessel. 
HAMPER (ham'per), n. Large basket for con- 
veying goods. [Contr. from HANAPER.] 
HAMPER (ham'per), vt. [pr.p. HAMPERING; 
p.t. and p.p. HAMPERED (ham'perd).] Put in 
a hamper. 
HAM-SKIPPER (ham'skip-er), n. See HAM- 
BEETLE. 
HAMSTER (ham'ster), ». Rat-like animal of 
the genus of ro- 
dents Cricetus, 
larger some- 
what than the 
ordinary gray 
rat, and of a 
reddish-brown 
color. 

of Europe and Hamster. 

Northern Asia. 
HA3ISTRING (ham'string), n. Great tendon 
at the back of the knee or hock of the hind leg 
of a quadruped. 
HAMSTRING (ham'string), vt, [pr.p. HAM'- 
STRINGING; p.t. and p.p. HAMSTRUNG 
(ham'strung) or HAMSTRINGED (ham'- 
stringd).] Cut or sever the hamstring of; 
cripple by cutting the hamstring. 
HANAPER (han'a-per), n. Eng. Law. Kind of 
basket formerly used by the sovereigns of 




Native?^^jS>EV^ 



*ate. fat. task. far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
" u=m in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, but, burn, 



HAND 



558 



HANG 



England in which to hold and carry their 
treasure while traveling from place to place. 
[O. Fr. hanap, cup.] 

HAND (hand), n. 1. Ex- 
tremity of the arm be- 
low the wrist. 2. That 
which does the duty of 
a hand by pointing, as 
the Jiand of a clock. 3. 
3Ieasure of four inches. 
4. An operative or work- 
man. 5. Performance; 
power or manner of 
performing ; skill. 6. 
Possession; control. 7. 
Style of handwriting. 8. 
Side; direction. 9. Cards 
dealt to a player. [A. S.] 

HAND (hand), vt. [pr.p. 
HANDING; p.t. and p. 
p. HANDED.] 1. Give 




Bones of the Hand 
and Wrist. 



1. 2, 3, 4, 5. First, second, third, 
fourth and fifth metacarpal 
bones. A, B, C. First, second 
and third phalanx on each fin 
get. 6. Trapezium. 7. Trap 
Or transmit With the ezoid. 8. Os magnum. 9. Un 
ciform. 10. Pisiform. 11. Cunei 
form. 12. Semi-lunar. 13 
Scaphoid. 14. Radius. IS. Ulna 



hand. 2. Lead, assist 
or raise with the hand 
3. Naut. Furl, as the sails of a vessel. 

HAND-BARROW (hand'bar-6), n. Barrow with- 
out a wheel, carried by the hands of men. 

HANDBILL (hand'bil), n. Advertising circular; 
dodger. 

HANDBOOK (hand'bok), n. 1. Manual; book 
of reference. 2. Small guide book. 3. Book 
in which wagers are entered on sporting events. 

HANDBREADTH (hand'bredth), n. Breadth of 
a hand; palm. 

HANDCAR (hand'kar), n. Small railroad con- 
struction car, operated by hand. 

HANDCART (hand'kart), «. Small cart drawn 
by hand. 

HANDCUFF (hand'kuf), n. Fetter for the hand; 
manacle. [A. S. handcops, modified by con- 
fusion with CUFF.] 

HANDCUFF (hand'kuf), vt. [pr.p. HAND'CUFF- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. HANDCUFFED (hand- 
kufd).] Put handcuffs on. 

HANDED (hand'ed), a. Having a hand of a 
certain sort or possessed of some property or 
characteristic; as right-handed, most dexter- 
ous with the right hand. 

HANDFUL (hand'fol), n. [pi. HANDFULS 
(hand'folz).] 1. As much as fills the hand. 
2. Small number or quantity. 

HAND-GLASS (hand'glas), n. 1. Small mirror 
that can be held in the hand while in use. 2. 
Naut. Sand glass used to time the paying out of 
the log-line. 3. Hon. Small glass serving to 
protect young plants from inclement weather. 

HAND-GRENADE (hand'gre-nad), n. 1. De- 
structive explosive bomb thrown by the hand 
in warfare. 2. Device for extinguishing fire. 

HANDHOLD (hand'hold), n. Metal bar or cleat 
attached to any kind of vehicle or ship to 
which a person may cling while riding. 

HANDICAP (hand'i-kap), n. 1. Race in which 



the horses carry different weights,or are placed 
at different distances, or start at different 
times, so that all shall have, as nearly as pos- 
sible, an equal chance of winning. 2. The 
condition imposed. [HAND IN CAP, for draw- 
ing of lots.] 

HANDICAP (hand'i-kap), vt. [pr.p. HANDI- 
CAPPING; p.t. and p.p. HANDICAPPED 
(hand'i-kapt).] 1. Impose the conditions of 
handicap on. 2. Encumber with disadvan- 
tages or difficulties. 

HANDICRAFT (hand'i-kraft), n. Trade or work 
performed by the hand. 

HANDIWORK (handi-wurk), n. Work done 
by the hands. [A. S. handgeweorc] 

HANDKERCHIEF (hang'ker-chif), n. 1. Piece 
of cloth for wiping the nose, etc. 2. Necker- 
chief. [HAND and KERCHIEF.] 

HANDLE (han'dl), v. [pr.p. HAN'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. HANDLED (han'dld).] I. vt. 1. 
Touch, hold, or use with the hand. 2. Treat; 
use. 3. Manage. 4. Discuss. 5. Deal in. II. 
vi. 1. Use the hands. 2. Submit to handling. 

HANDLE (han'dl), n. 1. That part of anything 
to be grasped in the hand. 2. One who or that 
which is used as a tool. 

HANDLEBAR (han'dl-bar), n. Cross-bar placed 
on a bicycle or motorcycle by which the rider 
is enabled to guide its movements by the 
hands. 

HANDLER (handler), n. 1. 
or manipulates by hand, 
to fix handles on utensils. 

HANDLING (han'dling), n. 
hand. 

HAND-MADE (hand'mad), a. 

distinguished from manufactured by machine. 

HANDMAID (hand'mad), HANDMAIDEN 
(hand'mad-n), n. Female personal attendant. 

HANDS03IE (han'sum or hand'sum), a. 1. 
Good-looking. 2. Liberal. 3. Ample. [HAND 
and SOME.] 

S YN. Pretty ; attractive ; generous ; come- 
ly; beautiful. ANT. Uncomely; ill-look- 
ing; homely; illiberal. 

HANDSOMELY (han'sum-li), adv. In a hand- 
some manner. 

HANDSOMENESS (han'sum-nes), n. Quality 
of being handsome. 

HANDSPIKE (hand'spik), n. Naut. Long bar 
of wood or metal used as a purchase or lever 
in overcoming resistance. 

HANDWORK (hand'wurk), n. Work done by 
hand, as distinguished from that done by 
machinery. 

HANDWRITING (hand'ri-ting), n. 1. Style of 
writing peculiar to a person. 2. Manuscript; 
writing. 

HANDY (hand'i), a. [comp. HAND'IER; superl. 
HANDIEST.] 1. Dexterous. 2. Ready to 
the hand; convenient; near. 

HANG (hang), v. [pr.p. HANGING; p.t. and p.p. 
HANGED (hangd) or HUNG.] I. vt. 1. Hook 



One who manages 
2. One employed 

Manipulation by 

Made by hand as 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



HANG 



559 



HARD 



or fix to some high point; suspend. 2. Put to 
death by suspending and choking. 3. Droop. 
II. vi. 1. Be suspended so as to allow swing- 
ing motion. 2. Lean or rest for support. 3. 
Drag; linger. 4. Hover; impend; be in sus- 
pense. 5. Depend. — Hang fire, be slow in 
communicating fire; be reticent or reluctant 
in saying or doing anything. [A. S. hangian.] 

HANG (hang), n. 1. Mode in which anything 
hangs. 2. General tendency, drift, or bent, 
as of a discourse. 3. Knack; way of doing. 

HANGAR (hang'gar), n. Shed in which a oal- 
loon or airship is stored. .[Fr., carriage shed.] 

HANGER (hang'er), n. 1. That on which any- 
thing is hung. 2. Short sword, curved near 
the point. 3. One who places wall-paper, as 
paper-ftcmgrer. 4. Something made to hang, 
as an advertising-card. 5. Shed in which a 
balloon or airship is stored. 6. Stringer for 
suspending raw hides in vat containing tan- 
ning liquor while being converted into leather. 

HANGING (hang'ing), n. 1. A'ct of suspending; 
state of being suspended. 2. Death by the 
halter. 3. That which is hung, as drapery. 

HANGMAN (hang'man), n. [pi. HANG'MEN.] 
Public executioner. 

HANGNAIL, (hang'nal), n. Loosened cuticle 
at the side edges of the human nails. [A. S. 
agnail; from ange, painful, and ncegl, nail.] 

HANK (hangk), n. 1. Bunch of two or more 
skeins of yarn tied together. 
2. Naut. Ring of wood or 
metal on stays of vessels to 
which fore-and-aft sails are 
attached so that they may 
be easily hoisted, or lowered. [Ice. hanki.] 

HANKER (hangk'er), vi. [pr.p. HANK'ERING; 
p.t. and p.p. HANKERED (hangk'erd).] 1. 
Long; yearn; crave. 2. Linger. [From HANG.] 

HANKERING (hangk'er-ing), n. Longing; cra- 
ving; earnest desire for. 

HANOVER (han'o-ver), n. Capital of Hanover, 
Prussian province on 
Leine river. 

HANSOM-CAB (han'- 
sum-kab), n. Light 
two-wheeled cab or 
carriage with the 
driver's seat raised be- 
hind. [From the name 
of the inventor.] 

HAP (hap), n. Chance; fortune; accident. [Ice. 
happ, good-luck.] 

HAPHAZARD (hap'haz-ard), I. n. That which 
happens by hazard; chance; accident. II. a. 
Accidental; unpremeditated. 

HAPLESS (hap'les), a. Unlucky; unhappy, 

HAPLY (hap'li), adv. By hap; perhaps. 

HAPPEN (hap'n), vi. [pr.p. HAPPENING; p.t. 
and p.p. HAPPENED (hap'nd).] Fall out; take 
place. 

HAPPILY (hap'i-li), adv. By good fortune; 
fortunately. 



Nautical Hanks. 




Hansom-cab. 



HAPPINESS (hap'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being happy. 

SYN. Felicity; bliss; blessedness; glad- 
ness; joy; delight; comfort; pleasure; satis- 
faction; beatitude. Felicity is more than 
happiness; bliss than both. Beatitude is 
heavenly happiness; blessedness the happi- 
ness of those favored by Heaven. ANT. 
Unhappiness ; sadness; sorrow; affliction; 
melancholy; mourning; forlornness; deso- 
lation; regret; dejection. 

HAPPY (hap'i), a. [comp. HAP'PIER; superl. 
HAP'PIEST.] 1. Lucky; successful; possessing 
or enjoying pleasure or good; secure of good; 
furnishing enjoyment. 2. Dexterous; timely. 
[From HAP.] 

HARA KIRI (har'a ke'ri). Suicide by disem- 
bowelment. [Jap. Tiara, abdomen, and kiri, 
cut.] 

HARANGUE (ha-rang'), n. Loud speech ad- 
dressed to a multitude; popular, pompous 
address. [Fr. — O. Ger. Tiring, a ring of people.] 

HARANGUE (ha-rang), v. [pr. p. HARANG- 
UING (ha-rang'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. HA- 
RANGUED (ha-rangd').] I. vt. Address by a 
harangue. II. vi. Deliver a harangue. 

HARANGUER (ha-rang'er), n. One who ha- 
rangues. 

HARASS (haras), vt. [pr.p. HAR'ASSING; p.t. 
and p.p. HARASSED (har'ast).] Fatigue; an- 
noy; torment. [Fr. harasser.] 

HARBINGER (har'bin-jer), n. 1. One who 
travels ahead to bespeak lodging. 2. Fore- 
runner. [0. Fr. herberge. See HARBOR.] 

HARBINGER (har'bin-jer), vt. [pr.p. HAR'- 
BINGERING; p.t. and p.p. HARBINGERED 
(har'bin-jerd).] Precede as a harbinger; pre- 
sage; announce. 

HARBOR (har'bur), n. 1. Port for ships. 2. 
Any refuge or shelter. [31. E. herberwe — 

0. Fr. herberge, inn, shelter.] 

SYN. Haven; home. Haven is a nat- 
ural harbor; port an artificial harbor. ANT. 
Exposure; voyage; roving; pilgrimage. 
HARBOR (har'bur), v. [pr.p. HARBORING; 
p.t. and p.p. HARBORED (har'biird).] I. vt. 

1. Lodge; entertain. 2. Possess; indulge, as 
thoughts. II. vi. Take shelter. 

HARD (hard), I. a. 1. Not easily penetrated; 
firm; solid; not soft. 2. Difficult to under- 
stand or accomplish. 3. Difficult to bear; 
painful; unjust. 4. Difficult to please. 5. Un- 
feeling; severe; stiff; constrained. 6. Im- 
pregnated with mineral and saline matter 
which renders soluble qualities very refrac- 
tory; as, hard water. 7. Energetic; persistent; 
constant, said of a hard worker. 8. Coarse in 
sound phonetically; as, a hard "g." II. adv. 1. 
With urgency. 2. With difficulty. 3. Close; 
near, as in hard by; 7iar<?-a-lee, i. e., close to 
the lee-side, etc. 4. Earnestly; forcibly. — Die 
hard, die only after a desperate struggle for 
life. [A. S. heard.} 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c& in Scotch loch. 



HARDEN 



560 



HARMONIZE 



SYN. Dense; compact; unyielding; im- 
penetrable; arduous; grievous; distressing; 
rigorous; exacting; forced. ANT. Soft; 
fluid; liquid; easy; mild; lenient; tender; 
simple. 

HARDEN (hard'n), v. [pr.p. HARD'ENING; p.t. 
and p.p. HARDENED (hard'nd).] I. vt. Make 
hard or harder; make firm; strengthen; con- 
firm in wickedness; make insensible. II. vi. 
Become hard or harder. 

HARDENED (hard'nd), a. Made hard; unfeel- 
ing. 

HARDHACK (hard'hak), n. Shrub of the rose 
family, with rose-colored or white flowers. 

HARD-HEARTED (hard'hart-ed), a. Having a 
hard or unfeeling heart; cruel. 

HARDIHOOD (har'di-hod), n. 1. Boldness 
united with intrepidity. 2. Effrontery. 

HARDILY (hiir'di-li), adv. With boldness or 
hardihood. 

HARDINESS (har'di-nes), n. State or quality of 
being hardy; vigor; intrepidity. 

HARDISH (hard'ish), o. Somewhat or moder- 
ately hard. 

HARDLY (hard'li), adv. 1. 
Scarcely; not quite. 3. 

HARDNESS (hard'nes), n. 
being hard. 

HARD-PAN (hard 'pan), n. 

foundation. 2. Bottom or lowest level. 

HARDSHIP (hard'ship), n. Severe affliction; 
toil; injury. 

HARDTACK (hard'tak), n. Large hard-baked 
cracker, used in army and navy. 

HARDWARE (hard'war), n. Articles made of 
the baser metals, such as iron or copper. 

HARDY (hard'i), a. 1. Daring; brave; resolute. 
2. Requiring boldness and endurance. 3. 
Capable of resisting hardship, cold, exposure, 
or fatigue. [Fr. hardi — root of HARD.] 

HARE (har), n. Common timid animal, with 
divided upper lip and long hind legs, which 
runs swiftly by leaps. [A. S. hara.] 



With difficulty. 2. 
Severely; harshly. 
Quality or state of 

1. Solid or bed-rock 




European Hare. 

HAREBELL (har'bel), n. Plant with blue, bell- 
shaped flowers. 

HAREBRAINED (har 'brand), a. Giddy; heed- 
less. 

HARELIP (har'lip), n. Lip split like a hare's. 

HAREM (ha'rem), n. 1. Portion of a Moham- 
medan house allotted to females. 2. Women 
in one Turkish or other polygamous house- 
hold. [Ar., forbidden.] 



HARICOT (har'i-ko), n. 1. Kind of mutton stew. 
2. Kidney-bean. [Fr.] 

HARK (hark), vi. [pr.p. HARK'ING; pt. and 
p.p. HARKED (harkt).] Listen; pay attention 
to; harken. — Hark oack, go back for a fresh 
start; revert. 

HARK (hark), inter j. Harken! listen? [Contr. 
Of HARKEN.] 

HARK-BACK (hark'bak), n. Backward move. 

HARKEN, HEARKEN (hark'n), vi. [pr.p. 
HARK'ENING; p.t. and p.p. HARKENED 
(hark'nd).] Listen; hear attentively; regard. 
[A. S. hyrcnian — hyran, hear.] 

HARLEQUIN (har'le-kin), n. Clown; buffoon. 
[Fr.] 

HARLOT (har'lut), n. Prostitute. [O. Fr. her- 
lot.] 

HARM (harm), n. Hurt; damage; injury. [A. 
S. Tieartn.'] 

HARM (harm), vt. [pr.p. HARMING; p.t. and 
p.p. HARMED (harmd).] Do harm to; injure; 
hurt; damage. 

HAR3IFTJL (harm'fol), a. Hurtful; injurious; 
detrimental. 

HARMFULLY (harm'fol-i), adv. In a harmful 
manner. 

HARMFULNESS (harm'fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being harmful. 

HAR3ILESS (harm'les), a. 1. Not injurious; 
innocent. 2. Unharmed. 

HARMLESSLY (harm'les-li), adv. In a harm- 
less manner. 

HARMLESSNESS (harm'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being harmless. 

HARMONIC (har-mon'ik), HARMONICAL (har- 
mon'ik-al), a. Pertaining to harmony; mu- 
sical; recurring periodically. 

HAR3IONICA (har-mon'i-ka), HARMONICON 
(har-mon'i-kon), n. ^=-^ 
Mouth organ, con- jg ^^l -.„ " 

sisting of free reeds "^^ 11Ly 

inclosed in a case Harmonica. 

in such a way that inspiration produces one 

set of sounds, respiration another. [Gr. har- 

monikos.] 

HARMONICS (har-mon'iks), n. 1. Science of 
musical sounds. 2. [pi.] Consonances, or 
component sounds included in what appears 
to the ear to be a single sound. 

HARMONIOUS (har-mo'ni-us), a. Having 

. harmony; symmetrical; concordant. 

HARMONIOUSLY (har-mo'ni-us-li), adv. In a 
harmonious manner. 

HARMONIST (har'mo-nist), n. 1. One skilled 
in harmony. 2. Musical composer. 

HARMONIUM (har-mo'ni-um), n. Small reed 
organ. 

HARMONIZE (har'mo-niz), v. [pr.p. HAR'- 
MONIZING; p.t. and p.p. HARMONIZED 
(har'mo-nizd).] I. vi. Agree; be in harmony. 
II. vt. Cause to agree. 

SYN. Coincide; concur; accord; corre- 
spond; comport; resemble; suit; tally; fit; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



HARMONY 



561 



HASH 



disagree; clash; 



match. ANT. Conflict; 
jar; dispute; intrude. 

HARMONY (har'mo-ni), n. [pi. HARMONIES.] 
1. Fitting together of parts so as to form a 
connected whole. 2. Combination of ac- 
cordant sounds heard at the same time; con- 
cord. 3. Book with parallel passages re- 
garding the same event. [Gr. harmos, fitting 
— aro, fit.] 

HARNESS (har'nes), n. 1. Formerly, armor 
of a man or horse. 2. Equipments of a horse, 
dog or other draft animal. [O. Fr. harneis, 
armor.] 

HARNESS (har'nes), vt. [pr.p. HAR'NESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. HARNESSED (har'nest).] 1. 
Equip with armor. 2. Put the harness on, 
a horse. 

HARP (harp), n. Musical 
instrument with strings 
struck by the fingers. 

HARP (harp), v. [pr.p. 
HARPING; p.t. and p.p. 
HARPED (harpt).] I. vi. 
1. Play on the harp. 2. 
Dwell tediously upon any- 
thing. II. vt. Give voice to. 

HARPER (harp'er), HARP- 
IST (harpist), n. Player 
on the harp. 

HARPOCRATES(har-pok'- 
ra-tez), n. Greek Myth. 
Adopted from the Egyp- 
tian god Horus, son of 
Osiris and Isis. Known 
as the god of silence by Harp. 

both the ancient Greeks and Romans. He 
Is usually represented as having his fore- 
finger to his lips. 

HARPOON (har-pon'), n. Dart for striking and 
killing whales. [Fr. harpon — root of HARPY.] 

HARPOON (har-pon), vt. [pr.p. HARPOONING; 
p.t. and p.p. HARPOONED (har-pond').] 
Strike with the harpoon. 

HARPSICHORD (harp'si-kard), n. Old-fash- 
ioned keyed musical instrument, shaped like 
a piano. [O. Fr. Jiarpechorde.] 

HARPY (har'pi), n. [pt. HAR'- 
PIES.] 1. Fabled rapacious 
monster, half bird and half 
woman. 2. Short-winged 
American eagle. 3. Extortion- 
er. [Gr. harpyia — harpazd, 
seize.] 

HARRIDAN (har'i-dan), n. Hag. 
[O. Fr. haridelle.] 

HARRIER (har'i-er), n. Dog 
with a keen scent for hunting 
hares. [From HARE.] 

HARRIER (har'i-er), n. Kind of hawk, so 
named from its harrying (destroying) small 
animals. 

HARRISBURG (har'is-burg), n. City, capital 
of State of Pennsylvania. 





Harpy eagle 

(Thrasaetus 
harpyia). 



Frame toothed with 




1. 



Harrow. 
Draw a harrow over. 

Acutely dis- 



[A. S. heort, 




HARROW (har'6), 
spikes for level- 
ing plowed soil. 
[A. S. hearge, har- 
row.] 

HARROW (har'6), 
vt. [pr.p. HAR'- 
ROWING; p.t. 
and p.p. HAR- 
ROWED (har'od.)] 
2. Harass; tear. 

HARROWING (har'6-ing), 
tressing to the mind. 

HARRY (har'i), vt. [pr.p. HARRYING; p.t. 
and p.p. HARRIED (har'id).] Plunder; de- 
stroy; harass. [A. S. hergian — here, army.] 

HARSH (harsh), a. Rough; bitter; jarring; 
severe. [Ger. harsch, hard.] 

SYN. Grating; sharp. ANT. Smooth; 
melodious; lenient; gentle; genial. 

HARSHLY (harsh'li), adv. In a harsh manner. 

HARSHNESS (harsh'nes), n. Quality of being 
harsh. 

HART (hart), n. Stag; male deer, 
horned animal.] 

HARTBEEST, HARTEBEEST 
(hart'best), n. Large African 
antelope. [S. Afr. Dut. harte- 
beest.] 

HARTFORD (hiirt'furd), n. City, 
capital of State of Connecticut. 

HARTSHORN (harts'harn), n. 
Solution of ammonia, origi- 
nally a decoction of the shavings of a hart's 
horn. 

HARTZ (harts), n. Mountains in Germany, be- 
tween the rivers Weser and Elbe. 

HARUM-SCARUM (har'um-skar-um), a. Reck- 
less; flighty. [Cf. HARE and SCARE.] 

HARVEST (har'vest), n. 1. Time of gathering 
in the crops or fruits. 2. Crops gathered 
in; fruits. 3. Product of any labor; con- 
sequences. [A. S. hcerfest.] 

HARVEST (harvest), vt. [pr.p. HARVESTING; 
p.t. and p.p. HARVESTED.] Reap and gath- 
er in. 

HARVESTER (har'vest-er), n. 1. One who 
reaps. 2. Self-binding reaping machine. 

HARVEST-H03IE (har'vest-h6m), n. 1. The 
bringing home of the harvest; harvest time. 
2. Feast held at the bringing home of the 
harvest; harvest-feast. 

HARVEST-MOON (har'vest-mon), n. Full 
moon nearest the autumnal equinox, rising 
nearly at the same hour for several days. 

HAS (haz), v. Third person singular present in- 
dicative of HAVE. 

HAS-BEEN (haz'bin), n. 1. One who has had 
his day. 2. Anything past its prime. (Colloq.) 

HASH (hash), n. 1. Mixed dish of meat and 
vegetables in small pieces. 2. Mixture and 
preparation of old matter. [Fr. hacher — Ger. 
hacken; same root as HACK.] 



Hartbeest (Alce- 
laphus caama). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



HASH 



562 



HAUNCH 



In 

n. 



a hasty manner. 
Quality of being 



n. Famous watering- 



2. Rash; 



HASH (hash), vt. [pr.p. HASHING; p.t. and p.p. 

HASHED (hasht).] Chop small; mince. 
HASHISH, HASHEESH (hash'esh), n. Strongly 

intoxicating preparation made from the leaves 

of Indian hemp. [Ar.] 
HASLET (has'let), n. Entrails of an animal, as 

the liver, heart, etc., used for human food. 

[O. Fr. hastclet.] 
HASP (hasp), n. Metal strap used as a clasp 

of a padlock. [A. S. hcepse.] 
HASP (hasp), vt. [pr. p. HASP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HASPED (haspt).] Fasten with a hasp. 
HASSOCK (has'uk), n. 1. Upholstered footstool. 

2. Tussock. [Wei. hesg, sedge, rushes.] 
HAST (hast), v. Second person singular present 

indicative of HAVE. 
HASTE (hast), w. Speed; expedition; vehemence. 

[A. S. hcest.] 
HASTE (hast), v. [pr.p. HASTING; p.t. and p.p. 

HASTED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to hurry. 2. 

Hasten, used reflexively. II. vi. Be speedy 

or quick; hurry. 
HASTEN (ha'sn), v. [pr.p. HASTENING; p.t. 

and p.p. HASTENED (ha'snd).] I. vt. Drive 

forward; put to speed. II. vi. Be in a hurry. 
HASTILY (ha'sti-li), adv. 
HASTINESS (ha'sti-nes), 

hasty. 

Hastings (ha'stings) 

place, E. Sussex, England. 
HASTY(ha'sti),a. 1. Speedy; quick 

eager; passionate. 
HASTY-PUDDING (has'ti-pod-ing), n. Thick 

batter-pudding of flour and cornmeal. 
HAT (hat), n. Covering the for head, having 

crown, sides and brim for 

men, and of various dis- 
tinctive shapes for women. 

[A. S. hcet.] 
HATABLE 

(ha'ta-bl),a. 

Deserving 

of being 

hated fate- 
ful; odious. 
HATCH(hach), 

n. 1. Door Tibetan Hat. Mongolian Hat. 

with an opening over it; half-door. 2. Wicket 
or door made of cross-bars; covering of a 
hatchway. [A. S. hcec, gate.] 

HATCH (hach), v. [pr.p. HATCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. HATCHED (hacht).] I. vt. Produce, espe- 
cially from eggs, by incubation; originate; 
plot. II. vi. Produce young; be advancing 
towards maturity. [Etym. doubtful.] 

HATCH (hach), n. 1. Act of hatching. 2 
hatched. 

HATCH (hach), vt. [pr.p. HATCHING; 
p.p. HATCHED (hacht).] Shade by 
lines crossing each other in drawing and en 
craving. [Fr. hacher, chop. See HASH.] 

HATCH-BOAT (hach'bot), n. Kind of half 
decked fishing boat. 




Brood 



).f. and 
minute 



Same as HACKLE. 
One who or that which 




Hatchets. 



Top : Bench or broad hatchet. 
Bottom : Shingling hatchet. 



relish; covet; 



HATCHEL (hach'el), n. 
HATCHER (hacher), n. 

hatches. 
HATCHERY (hach'er-i), n. [pi. HATCHER- 
IES.] Place for hatching eggs, especially 

those of fish, by artificial means. 
HATCHET (hach'et), n. Small ax. [Fr. hach- 

ette — hacher, chop.] 
HATCHWAY (hach'- 

wa), n. Opening in 

a ship's deck into 

the hold, or from 

one deck to another. 
HATE (hat), v. [pr.p. 

HATING; p.t. and 

p.p. HATED.] I. vt. 

Dislike intensely. II. 

vi. Feel hatred. [A. 

S. hatian. Akin to 

CHASE.] 

SYN. Abhor; 

detest; despise; 

abominate. ANT. 

Love ; admire ; en- 
joy; affect; desire; approve; 

crave. 
HATE (hat), w. Extreme dislike; hatred. 
HATE ABLE (ha'ta-bl), a. Same as HATABLE. 
HATEFUL (hat'fol), a. 1. Exciting hate; odious; 

detestable. 2. Feeling or manifesting hate. 
HATEFULLY (hat'fol-i), adv. In a hateful 

manner. 
HATEFULNESS (hatfol-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being hateful. 
HATER (hater), n. One who hates. 
HATH (hath), v. Old form of HAS. 
HATPIN (hat'pin), n. Long pin of steel or other 

metal used by women to keep the hat on the 

head. 
HATRED (hatred), n. Extreme dislike; detes- 
tation; abhorrence; repugnance. 
HATTER (hat'er), n. One who makes or sells 

hats. 
HAUGHTILY (ha'ti-li), adv. 

manner. 
HAUGHTINESS (ha'ti-nes), n. 

of being haughty. 
HAUGHTY (ha'ti), a. Proud; 

hautain — L. altus, high.] 
HAUL (hal), v. [pr.p. HAULING; p.t. and p.p. 

HAULED (hald).] I. vt. 1. Drag. 2. Pull with 

violence. II. vi. 1. Try to draw something; 

tug. 2. Naut. Alter a vessel's course. 3. 

Shift, as the wind. [A. S. holian, get.] 
HAUL (hal), n. 1. Act of dragging or hauling. 

2. Drawing of a net, as to take so many fish at 

a haul. 3. That which is taken by hauling; 

hence anything acquired. 4. Distance over 

which anything is hauled, as a short or long 

haul. 
HAUNCH (hanch), n. Part between the last 

rib and the thigh; hip. [Fr. hanche — O. Ger, 

anchd, joint. Akin to ANKLE.] 



In a haughty 

Quality or state 

disdainful. [Fr. 



flte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf* mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



HAUNT 



563 



HAYRICK 



HAUNT (hant), v. [pr.p. HAUNTING; p.t. and 
p.p. HAUNTED.] I. vt. 1. Frequent. 2. 
Follow importunately. 3. Intrude upon 
continually. 4. Inhabit or visit as a ghost. 
II. vi. 1. Be much about. 2. Appear or 
visit frequently. [O. Fr. hanter; probably a 
corrup. of L. Tiabito, dwell.] 

HAUNT (hant), n. Place much resorted to. 

HAUNTED (hant'ed), a. 1. Frequented. 2. 
Infested, especially by ghosts or apparitions. 

HAUTBOY (ho'boi), n. 

High-toned wooden * s € < ^-^^ -l a-aSSIga^g^ 
wind-instrument Hautboy. 

shaped like a taper- 
ing tube, and having holes and keys; oboe. 
[Fr. hautbois — haut 9 high, and bois, wood.] 

HAUTEUR (ho-ter'), n. Arrogance; proud bear- 
ing. [Fr.] 

HAVANA (ha-van'a), n. City, capital of Cuba. 

HAVE (hav), vt. [pr.p. HAVING; p.t. and p.p. 
HAD.] 1. Own; possess; hold. 2. Regard. 
3. Obtain. 4. Bear or beget. 5. Be affec- 
ted by. 6. Be obliged (to). [A. S. habban.] 

HAVELOCK (hav'lok), n. Cloth covering for 
a soldier's cap and neck. [After an English 
general.] 

HAVEN (ha/ vn), n. 1. Inlet of the sea, or mouth 
of a river, where ships can get good and safe 
anchorage. 2. Place of safety; asylum. 
[A. S. Invert,] 

HAVERSACK (hav'er-sak), n. Mil. 1. Bag of 
strong linen, or case, for a soldier's provisions. 
2. Leather bag for carrying ammunition. [Fr. 
havresac — Ger. hafersacJc — hafer, oats, and 
sack, sack.] 

HA VIED AR (hav'il-dar), w. Native East Indian 
soldier bearing the non-commissioned rank 
of sergeant in the army. [Hind, hawaldar, 
keeper or guardian.] 

HA VO C (ha v'uk) ,n. General waste or destruction . 
[Etym. doubtful; prob. Wei. hafoc, havoc] 

HAVRE (ha/ver), n. Seaport, department of 
Seine-Inferieure, France, on the Seine. 

HAW (ha), vi. [pr.p. HAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
HAWED (had).] Speak with a haw or hesita- 
tion. [From the sound.] 

HAW (ha), n. Hesitation in 
speech. 

HAW (ha), inter j. Turn to 
the left (call to oxen; op- 
posite of GEE). 

HAW (ha), n. 1. Hedge; in- 
closure. 2. Berry of the 
hawthorn. [Dut. haag, 
hedge.] 

HAWAII (ha-wl'e), n. Is- 
lands, Pacific Ocean. Ter- 
ritory of U. S. Area 6,449, 
sq. m. 

Hawaiian (ha-wi'yan), i. 

a. Belonging to Hawaii 
Islands, a U.S. possession. 




Liliuokalani, last 
Queen ci Hawaii. 
Born 1838. 



or the Sandwich 
II. n. 1. Native 
of Hawaii. 2. Language of Hawaii. 




Hawfinch (C. vul- 
garis). 



HAWFINCH (ha finch), n. 
genus Cocco- 
thraustes found 
in Europe and 
North America. 
It feeds on ber-' 
ries and the seeds of dif- 
ferent fruits and trees. 

HAWK (hak), n. Short- 
winged bird of prey allied 
to the falcons. [A. S. 
hafoc] 

HAWK (hak), vi. [pr.p. 
HAWKING; p.t. and p.p. 
HAWKED (hakt).] Hunt birds with hawks 
trained for the purpose. 

HAWK (hak), vi. [pr.p. HAWKING; p.t. and 
p.p. HAWKED (hakt).] Force up phlegm or 
other matter from the throat, or attempt to do 
so. [Imitative.] 

HAWK (hak), n. Effort to throw up phlegm 
or other matter from the throat. 

HAWK (hak), vt. [pr.p. HAWKING; p.t. and 
p.p. HAWKED (hakt).] Carry about for sale; 
cry for sale; peddle. [Formed from HAWKER.] 

HAWKBILL (hak'bil), n. Tortoise-shell sea- 
turtle. 

HAWKER (hak'er), n. One who hawks goods 
about for sale; peddler; huckster. [Dan. 
hoker, huckster.] 

HAWK-EYED (hak'id), a. Having sharp, pen- 
etrating sight. 

HAWKING (hak'ing), n. Falconry. 

HAWKISH (hak'ish), a. Like a hawk. 

HAWSE (haz), n. 1. Situation of the cables in 
front of a ship's bow when she has two an- 
chors out forward. 2. Distance forward to 
which cables extend. [Ice. halse, neck.] 

HAWSER (ha'zer), n. Small cable; large tow- 
line. [O. Fr. haulseree — haulser, raise.] 

HAWSER-LAID (ha'zer-lad), a. Made by a 
series of reverse laying of rope; the strands 
being separately laid one way to form small 
ropes, which in turn are laid in opposite 
direction to form a hawser or cable* 

HAWTHORN (ha'tharn), «. Shrub with shi- 
ning leaves and small red fruit called haws. 

HAY (ha), n. Grass cut down and cured. [A. S. 
heg — hedwan, cut.] 

HAYCOCK (ha'kok), n. Pile of hay in the field. 

HAY-FEVER (ha'fe-ver), n. Irritation of the 
nose and throat in spring and summer. 

HAYMAKER (ha'ma-ker), n. 1. Person who 
mows and dries hay for fodder. 2. Agricul- 
tural machine for cutting, curing and baling 
hay. 

HAYMAKING (ha'ma-king), n. Cutting and 
harvesting of hay. 

HAYMOW (ha/mow), n. Mass of hay laid up in 
a barn; place in barn specially used for storing 
hay. 

HAYRICK (ha'rik), HAYSTACK (ha'stak), n. 
Pile of hay in the open air. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



HAYSTACKER 



164 



HEADING 



HAYSTACKER (ha/stak-er), n. Agricultural 
machine that collects hay from the ground 
and places it on the haystack. 





Alexis Nord, Ex- 
President of Haiti. 



Haystacker. 
HAYTI (ha'ti), n. One of the islands of the 

West Indies. See HAITI. 
Ha YTI AN, HAITIAN (ha'ti-an), I. a. 1. Belong- 
ing to the island of Hayti or 

San Domingo. 2. Belonging 

to the republic of Hayti, 

which occupies the wes- 
tern part of the island. II. 

n. Native or inhabitant of 

Hayti. 
HAZARD (hazard), n. 1. 

Complicated game at dice. 

2. Chance; accident. 3. 

Risk. [O. Fr. hasard — Ar. 

al zdr, the die.] 
HAZARD (haz'ard), v. [pr.p. 

HAZARDING; p.t. and 

p.p. HAZARDED.] I. vt. 1. Expose to 

chance or risk. 2. Venture. II. vi. Run 

a risk. 
HAZARDOUS (haz'ard-us), a. Dangerous; 

perilous; uncertain; risky. 
HAZE (haz), n. Light vapor; obscurity. [Etym. 

doubtful.] 
HAZE (haz), vt. [pr.p. HA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 

HAZED (hazd).] 1. Naut. Harass with labor; 

punish with unnecessary work. 2. Play 

shameful tricks and practical jokes on, said of 

students. 
HAZEL (ha'zl), I. n. Well-known shrub. II. a. 

1. Pertaining to the hazel. 2. Of a light- 
brown color, like the hazelnut. [A. S. Jicesel.~i 
HAZELNUT (ha'zl-nut), n. Nut of the hazel 

shrub. 
HAZER (ha'zer), n. One who hazes. 
HAZILY (ha'zi-li), adv. In a hazy or misty 

manner; dimly. 
HAZINESS (ha'zi-ncs), n. Quality or state of 

being hazy. 
HAZY (ha'zi), a. 1. Thick with haze. 2. Dim. 
HE (he), pron. [po.ss. HIS; obj. HIM; pi. — 

nom. THEY; poss. THEIR; obj. THEM.] 1. 



Male person, animal or object understood or 
previously mentioned. 2. Any person indi- 
vidually; the one; as, "7te who laughs last 
laughs best. [A. S. Jie.] 

HEAD (hed), n. 1. Uppermost or foremost part 
of an animal's body. 2. Brain; understand- 
ing. 3. Chief; leader. 4. Place of honor 
or command; front. 5. Individual. 6. Topic 
or chief point of a discourse. 7. Source; 
spring. 8. Highest point; cape. 9. Pressure; 
fall. 10. Headway. 11. Strength. 12. Any- 
thing resembling the human head in shape. 
13. A single one or a number regarded as a 
unit; as, so much per head, a hundred head 
of cattle." [A. S. hedfod, head.] 

HEAD (hed), v. [pr.p. HEADING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEADED.] I. vt. 1. Act as a head to; lead; 
govern. 2. Go in front of; stop; prevent. 3. 
Commence. 4. Be contrary. II. vi. 1. 
Grow to a head. 2. Originate. 3. Tend or 
point. 4. Naut. Turn (the bow of a ship) in 
opposite direction to that in which the vessel 
is sailing. 

HEADACHE (hed'ak), n. Ache or pain in the 
head. 

HEADBAND (hed'band), n. 1. Band or fillet for 
the head. 2. Band at each end of a book. 3. 
Thin slip of iron on the tympan of a printing 
press. 

HEAD (hed), a. 1. Chief; principal; leading; 
first; stationed at the foremost point. 2. Ap- 
proaching from in front. 

HEADCHEESE (hed'chez), n. Portions of head 
and feet of pigs or calves, cut up fine, sea- 
soned, and pressed into form of a cheese. 

HEAD-BLOCK (hed'blok), n. Mach. and Naut. 
Fixed swivel pulley or block at the head of a 
crane or apex of a derrick, or likewise at the 
end of a boom, used for hoisting purposes. 

HEAD-CLIP (hed'klip), n. Phot. Adjustable 
device used to steady the head while taking 
a photograph. 

HEADDRESS (hed'dres), n. Ornamental cover- 
ing for the head, worn by women. 

HEADED hed'ed), a. Having a head. 

HEADER (hed'er), n. 1. One who puts a head 
on something. 2. A dive head foremost into 
water. 3. Brick laid lengthwise along the 
thickness of a wall, serving as a bond. 4. 
Heavy stone extending through the thickness 
of a wall. 5. Heading-machine. 6. Horse 
used as a temporary auxiliary force in hauling 
heavy loads up hills or grades. 

HEADFAST (hed'fast), n. Naut. Rope at the 
bows of a vessel, used to fasten it to a wharf, 
etc. 

HEAD-GEAR (hed'ger), n. Gear, covering, or 
ornament for the head. 2. Naut. Standing 
and running rigging at a vessel's head. 

HEADILY (hed'i-li), adv. In a heady manner. 

HEADINESS (hed'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being heady. 

HEADING (hed'ing), n. 1. Act of furnishing 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






HEADLAND 



565 



HEART 






with a head. 2. That which stands at the 
head. 3. Material for heads of barrels, etc. 

HEADLAND (hed'land), n. 1. Cape. 2. Strip 
of unplowed land. 

HEADLESS (hed'les), a. Without a head. 

HEADLIGHT (hed'lit), n. 1. Light carried in 
front of a locomotive or motor car to light 
the track. 2. Light carried at masthead of a 
moving vessel. 

HEADLINE (hed'lin), n. 1. Line at the head or 
top of a page containing the folio or number 
of the page. 2. Title or subject line at the 
head of a newspaper article. 

HEADLINE (hed'lin), vt. [pr.p. HEADLINING; 
p.t. and p.p. HEADLINED (hed'lind).] Give 
prominence or importance to, as a written or 
printed article, by the addition of headlines. 

HEADLONG (hed'lang), I. adv. With the head 
first; rashly; precipitately. II. a, Rash; pre- 
cipitate. 

HEADMOST (hed'most), a. Most advanced. 

HEAD-PIECE (hed'pes), n. 1. Helmet. 2. Hat. 
3. Head; intelligence. 4. Print. Decora- 
tive engraving placed at the top of the first 
page of a volume, and at the beginning of 
books, chapters, etc. 5. Naut. Carved or 
other decorative figure on the bowsprit of a 
vessel. 

HEADQUARTERS (hed'kwar-terz), n. 1. Resi- 
dence of a commander-in-chief. 2. Center 
of authority; principal place of business or re- 
sort. 

HEADSMAN (hedz'man), n. [pi. HEADSMEN.] 
Executioner. 

HEADSTALL (hed'stal), n. Part of a bridle 
round the head. 

HEADSTONE (hed'ston), n. 1. Chief stone. 
2. Stone at the head of a grave. 

HEADSTRONG (hed'strang), a. Self-willed; 
stubborn; obstinate; willful. 

HEADWAY (hed'wa), n. 1. Way or distance 
gone ahead or advanced. 2. Motion of an 
advancing ship. 3. Clears pace in height, as 
over a stair. 

HEADWIND (hed'wind), n. Wind blowing from 
the front. 

HEAD-WORK (hed'wiirk), n. Work of the 
brain as distinguished from physical work; 
intellectual or mental labor. 

HEAD-WORKER (hed'wurk-er), n. One who 
works with his head and brain instead of doing- 
physical labor. 

HEADY (hed'i), a. 1. Affecting the head or 
brain; intoxicating. 2. Inflamed; rash. 3. 
Impetuous. 

HEAL (hel), v. [pr.p. HEALING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEALED (held).] I. vt. Make healthy; cure; 
restore to soundness. II. vi. Grow sound 
again. [A.S. hcelan — hdl, whole. Akin to 
HALE, WHOLE.] 

HEALABLE (hel'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
healed. 

HEALER (hel'er), n. 1. One who heals. 2. 



One who makes a profession of healing the 
sick; as, a Christian-Science healer. 

HEALTH (helth), n. 1. Soundness; freedom 
from sickness or pain. 2. Wish of prosperity; 
toast. [A. S. hcelth — hdl, whole.] 

HEALTHFUL (helth'fol), a. 1. Full of or en- 
joying health. 2. Indicating health. 3. 
Wholesome; salutary. 

HEALTHILY (helth'i-li), adv. In a healthy or 
wholesome manner. 

HEALTHINESS (helth'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being healthy. 

HEALTHY (helth'i), a. 1. In a state of good 
health. 2. Conducive to health. 

SYN. Healthful; hale; sound; vigorous; 
salubrious; salutary; wholesome. Healthy 
is the general word; wholesome is what does 
not injure the health; salubrious, what im- 
proves it; salutary, what cures a disorder. 
ANT. Unhealthy; unsound; weak; delicate; 
fragile; noxious; pernicious; insalubrious; 
sickly. 

HEAP (hep), n. 1. Pile. 2. Collection. [A. S. 
heap, crowd.] 

HEAP (hep), vt. [pr.p. HEAPING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEAPED (hept).] 1. Throw in a heap or pile. 

2. Pile above the top. 

HEAR (her), v. [pr.p. HEARING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEARD (herd).] I. vt. 1. Perceive by the ear; 
listen to. 2. Grant; obey; answer favorably. 

3. Try judicially. II. vi. 1. Have the sense 
of hearing. 2. Listen. 3. Be told. [A. S. 
hyran.] 

HEAR (her), inter j. Exclamation or cry used 
in reference to the words of a speaker. It 
may indicate, according to the tone in which 
it is uttered, approval or derision, and is us- 
ually repeated, as "Hear, heart" 

HEARER (her'er), n. One who hears. 

HEARING (her'ing), n. 1. Act of perceiving 
by the ear. 2. Sense of perceiving sound. 3. 
Opportunity to be heard. 4. Reach of the 
ear. 

HEARKEN (hark'n), vi. Same as HARKEN. 

HEARSAY (her'sa), n. Rumor; report. 

HEARSE (hers), n. Car- 
riage in which the dead 
are conveyedtothegrave. 
[Fr. herse — O. Fr. herce, 
harrow.] 

HEART (hart), n. 1. Organ 
that circulates the blood. 
2. Vital, inner or chief 
part; core. 3. Seat of 
the affections, passions, 
etc., especially love, cour- 
age, vigor. 4. Secret 
meaning or design. 5. 
That which resembles a 
heart. 6. Core. 7. [pZ.]One 
of a suit of playing cards 
marked with the conventional figure, or figures, 
of a heart. [A. S. heorte.] 




The heart. 

1. Pulmonary artery. 2. 
Aorta. 3-5. Pulmonary 
veins. 4. Left auricle. 6. 
Left ventricle. 



fate, fa.t tiUk far fall fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
fate, fati, task, far, ^\^%^ ot c h gude ; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



HEARTACHE 



566 



HEBDOMADAL 



HEARTACHE (hart'ak), n. Sorrow; anguish. 

HEART-BREAKING (hart-braking), a. Crush- 
ing with grief or sorrow. 

HEART-BROKEN (hart'bro-kn), a. Intensely 
afflicted or grieved. 

HEARTBURN (hart'burn), n. Burning, acrid 
feeling in the esophagus, caused by the decom- 
position of undigestible food in the stomach. 

HEARTBURNING (hart'burn-ing), n. Discon- 
tent; secret enmity. 

HEART-DISEASE (hart'diz-ez), n. Med. Un- 
healthy condition of the heart, whether or- 
ganic or inorganic. 

HEART-FAILURE (hartfal-ur), n. 31 ed. Dis- 
ease attributable to the inefficiency and re- 
fusal of the heart to perform its requisite 
functions. 

HEARTFELT (hart'felt), a. Felt deeply. 

HEARTH (harth), n. 1. Part of the floor, or 
structure, on which the fire is made. 2. Fire- 
side; house; home. [A. S. heorth.] 

HEARTILY (hart'i-li), adv. 1. From the 
heart; cordially. 2. Eagerly; vigorously; 
freely. 

HEARTINESS (hart'i-nes), w. Quality or state 
of being hearty. 

HEARTLESS (hart'les), a. Without heart, 
courage, or feeling. 

HEARTLESSLY (hart'ies-li), adv. Unfeelingly. 

HEARTLESSNESS (hart'les-nes), n. State of 
being heartless. 

HEART-RENDING (hart'rend-ing), a. Deeply 
afflictive; agonizing. 

HEART'S-EASE, HEARTSEASE (harts'ez), n. 
Pansy. 

HEARTSICK (hart'sik), a. Deeply grieved. 

HEART-WHOLE (hart'hol), a. Not in love; un- 
moved in the affections or spirits. 

HEARTY (hart'i), a. 1. Pertaining to, or pro- 
ceeding from, the heart; heartfelt; earnest. 
2. Sound; healthy; lusty. 

SIN. Cordial; warm; eager; vigorous. 
ANT. Cold; insincere; delicate; unhealthy; 
frail. 

HEAT (het), n. 1. Form of energy, manifested 
in fire, sun-rays, etc. 2. Sensation produced 
in man by this energy. 3. High temperature. 
4. Color of a body when heated. 5. Excite- 
ment. 6. Single match in a series. 7. 
Warmest part; warmth. [A. S. hoetu — hat, 
hot.] 

HEAT (het), v. [pr.p. HEATING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEATED.] I. vt. 1. Make hot. 2. Excite. 
II. vi. 1. Become hot. 2. Become excited. 

HEATER (het'er), n. Furnace or other device 
used to produce heat for warming purposes. 

HEATH (heth), n. 1. Small evergreen shrub with 
beautiful flowers; heather. 2. Land that 
produces only heather. [A. S. hceth.~\ 

HEATH-BIRD (heth'berd), n. Same as PRAIRIE 
CHICKEN. 

HEATH-COCK (heth'kok), n. Male heath- 
bird. 



HEATHEN (he'tfm). I. n. [pi. HEA'THENS 
or (collectively) HEATHEN.] Inhabitant of 
an unchristian country; pagan; irreligious 
person. II. a. Pagan; irreligious. [A. S. 
hwthen — liwtJi, country.] 

HEATHENDOM (he'ffcn-dum}, n. 1. Part of 
the world where heathenism prevails. 2. 
Heathenism. 

HEATHENISH (he'tfm-ish), a. Rude; uncivil- 
ized; cruel. 

HEATHENISM (he'tfm-izm), n. Religious sys- 
tem of the heathens; paganism. 

HEATHER (he*7i'er), n. Small evergreen shrub 
growing on heaths. 

HEATH-HEN (heth'hen), n. Female heath-bird. 

HEAT-UNIT (het'u-nit), n. Amount of heat 
required to make one pound of water warmer 
by one degree. 

HEAT-WAVE (het'wav), n. Meteor. Pro- 
longed spell or duration of hot weather. 

HEAVE (hev), v. [pr.p. HEAVING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEAVED (hevd) or HOVE (hov).] I. vt. 1. 
Lift up; throw. 2. Cause to swell. 3. Force 
from the breast. II. vi. 1. Be raised. 2. Rise 
and fall. 3. Try to vomit. [A. S. hebban, lift.] 

HEAVE (hev), n. 1. Effort upward; throw; 
swelling; effort to vomit. 2. Naut. Turn or 
otherwise operate a windlass, capstan, winch 
or other device, in order to move or raise some 
heavy object; as, heave the anchor. 3. [pi.] 
Disease of horses characterized by difficult 
and laborious breathing. 

HEAVEN (hev'n), n. 1. Arch of sky overhang- 
ing the earth; air. 2. Dwelling-place of the 
Deity and the blessed. 3. Supreme happi- 
ness. [A. S. heofen.] 

HEAVENLINESS (hev'n-li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being heavenly. 

HEAVENLY (hev'n-li), I. a. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to heaven; celestial. 2. Fit or suited 
for heaven; angelic. II. adv. 1. In a man- 
ner like that of heaven. 2. By the influence 
of heaven. 

HEAVER (hev'er), n. One who or that which 
heaves or lifts. 

HEAVES (hex z), ri.pl. Disease of horses. See 
HEAVE. 

HEAVILY (hev'i-li), adv. In a heavy manner. 

HEAVINESS (hev'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being heavy. 

HEAVING (hev'ing), n. Panting; palpitation. 

HEAVY (hev'i), a. [comp. HEAVIER; superl. 
HEAVIEST.] 1. Weighty; not easy to bear; 
oppressive. 2. Afflicted; burdened. 3. In- 
active; inclined to slumber. 4. Violent; loud. 
5. Not easily digested, as food. 6. Having 
strength, as liquor. 7. Dark with clouds; 
gloomy. [A. S. hefig — hebban, heave.] 

SYN. Cumbrous; massive; ponderous; 
unwieldy; burdensome. ANT. Light; airy; 
volatile; buoyant. 

HEBDOMADAL (heb-dom'a-dal), a. 1. Occur- 
ring every seven days; weekly. 2. Consisting 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tfien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 






HEBE 



567 



HEIGH-HO 









of seven days. [Gr. hebdomas, seven days 
— hepta, seven.] 

HEBE (he'be), n. Greek Myth. The goddess of 
youth and cup-bearer to the Olympian god 
until she so displeased Jupiter that Ganymede 
was appointed in her stead. 

HEBRAIC (he-bra'ik), a. Relating to the He- 
brews, or to their language. 

HEBREW (he'brb), I. n. 1. One of the descend- 
ants of Abraham; Israelite; Jew. 2. Lan- 
guage of the Hebrews. II. a. Relating to the 
Hebrews. [Heb. ibhri, stranger from the 
other side of the Euphrates.] 

Hebrides (hebri-dez), or Western Is- 
lands. W. of Scotland. Area 3,000 sq. m. 

HECATE (hek'a-te), n. Greek Myth. Daughter 
of Perses and Asteria, called Luna in heaven, 
Diana on earth, and Hecate in hell; a Titan 
goddess of marriage, presiding over magic, 
roads, doors and gates, conferring honor and 
riches. 

HECATOMB (hek'a-tom), n. 1. Among the 
Greeks and Romans, sacrifice of a hundred 
oxen. 2. Large number of victims. [Gr. 
hekaton, hundred.] 

HECLA, HEKLA (hek'la),n. Volcano, S.W. 
Iceland. Altitude 5,108 feet. 

HECTARE (hek'tar), n. Superficial measure 
in the metric system=100 ares, or nearly 2^ 
acres. [Fr. — Gr. hekaton, hundred, and Fr. 
are — L. area.] 

HECTIC (hek'tik), I. a. 1. Habitual (used of 
feverish symptoms, as flushed cheeks, hot 
skin, etc.). 2. Affected with hectic fever; 
consumptive. II. n. Remittent fever; con- 
sumption. [Gr. hexis, habit.] 

HECTOGRAM (hek'to-gram), n. One hundred 
grams=3,527 ounces (metric system). [Fr. 
— Gr. hekaton, hundred, and Fr. gramme.] 

HECTOGRAPH (hek'to-graf), n. Apparatus 
for multiple copying of writing. 

HECTOLITER, HECTOLITRE (hek'to-le-ter), 
n. Measure of capacity in the metric system= 
100 liters, or, in dry measure 2 bush. 3.35 
pecks, liquid measure 26.42 gallons. 

HECT03IETER, HECT03IETRE (hek'to-me- 
ter), n. Measure of length in the metric sys- 
tem=100 meters, or 328 feet 1 inch. 

HECTOR (hek'tur), n. I. Greek Myth. Son of 
Hecuba and King Priam, the most valiant of 
the Trojan chiefs; husband of Andromache; 
killed by Achilles, who dragged his body 
round the walls of Troy. 2. [h-] One who 
bullies; braggart. 

HECTOR (hek'tur), v. [pr.p. HECTORING; 
p.U and p.p. HECTORED (hek'turd).] I. vt. 
Treat insolently; annoy. II. vi. Play the 
bully. 

HECTOSTERE (hek'to-ster), n. Cubic measure 
of metric system=100 steres (cubic meters), or 
3531.05 cubic feet. 

HECUBA (hek'u-ba), n. Greek Myth. Mother 
of Hector, Paris and Cassandra; wife of Priam; 




taken as a slave by Achilles at the fall of 
Troy. 

HEDDLE (hed'l), n. One of the sets of vertical 
cords or wires which guide the warp threads in 
a loom. [Etym. doubtful.] 

HEDGE (hej), n. Thicket of bushes; fence of 
bushes or trees, etc. [A. S. hecg.] 

HEDGE (hej), v. [pr.p. HEDGING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEDGED (hejd).] I. vt. 1. Inclose or fence 
with a hedge. 2. Encircle, as for defense. 
II. vi. In betting, to protect one's self from 
loss, partly or wholly, by betting on both 
sides; shift; 
shuffle. 

HEDGEHOG 
(hej'hog), 
w. Small, 
prickly- 
backed in- 
sectivorous / ^^^^^^^^^^^ k ^l(^ 

(hej'ro), n. 

Row of Hedgehog (Medicago intertesta). 

trees or shrubs for hedging fields. 

HEED(hed), v. [pr.p. HEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEEDED.] I. vt. Observe; mind; attend to. 
II. vi. Pay attention. [A. S. hedan.] 

HEED (hed), n. Cautious or careful observation; 
care; attention; regard; notice. 

HEEDFUL (hed'fol), a. Careful; wary. 

HEEDLESS (hed'les), a. Careless; thoughtless. 

HEEL (hel), n. 1. Part of the foot projecting 
behind. 2. Covering of the heel. 3. Hinder 
part of anything. [A. S. hela.] 

HEEL (hel), vt. [pr.p. HEELING; p.U and p.p. 
HEELED (held).] 1. Furnish with a heel. 2. 
Arm'with a steel spur, as a fighting cock. 3. 
Supply with money. (Colloq.) 

HEELER (hel'er), n. Unscrupulous backer and 
supporter of a political boss. (Colloq.) 

HEEL-TAP (hel'tap), n. 1. Small semi-circular 
piece of leather used in the formation of the 
heel of a shoe. 2. Small portion of wine left 
in a glass when drinking a toast. 

HEFT (heft), n. Weight. [From HEAVE.] 

HEFT (heft), vt. [pr.p. HEFTING; p.t. and p.p. 
HEFTED.] Try or test the weight of. 

HEFTY (heft'i), a. Rather heavy. (Colloq.) 

HEGEMONY (he'je-mo-ni), n. [pi. HEGEMO- 
NIES.] Leadership; especially control exer- 
cised by a state over others. [Gr. ago, lead.] 

HEGIRA, HEJIRA (he-ji'ra or hej'i-ra), n. 1. 
Flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medinah, 
July 16, 622 A. D., from which the Moham- 
medan era dates. 2. [h-] Any flight. [Ar. 
hirjah, flight.] 

HEIDELBERG (hi'dl-berkh), n. City in Baden, 
Germany, on the Neckar. 

HEIFER (hef'er), n. Young cow. [A. S. heah- 
fore.] 

HEIGH-HO (hi'ho), inter j. Exclamation ex- 
pressive of weariness or surprise. 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



HEIGHT 



568 



HELLENIC 



HEIGHT, HIGHT (hit), n. 1. Condition of being 
high; distance upwards. 2. That which is 
elevated; hill. 3. Elevation in rank or ex- 
cellence. 4. Utmost degree. [A. S. hedthu 
— hcdh, high.] 
HEIGHTEN, HIGHTEN (hit'n), vt. [pr.p. 
HEIGHTENING; p.t. and p.p. HEIGHTENED 
(hit'nd).] 1. 3Iake higher. 2. Increase. 
HEINOUS (ha'nus), a Very wicked; atrocious. 
[Fr. haineux, hateful.] 

SYX. Hateful; flagrant; flagitious; odi- 
ous; abominable; execrable; detestable. 
ANT. Excellent; laudable; meritorious; 
praiseworthy. 
HEINOUSLY (ha/nus-li), adv. In a heinous 

manner or degree. 
HEINOUSNESS (ha'nus-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being heinous. 
HEIR (ar), n. \Jem. HEIR'ESS.] One who in- 
herits anything after the death of the owner. 
[O. Fr. heir — L. heres.~\ 
HEIR- APPARENT (ar-ap-par'ent), n. Acknowl- 
edged heir, especially to a throne. 
HEIRD03I (ar'dum), n. State or condition of an 

heir; heirship. 
HEIRESS (ar'es), n. Female heir, especially one 

inheriting wealth. 
HEIRLESS (ar'les), a. Having no heir. 
HEIRLOOM (ar'lom), ». Piece of personal 
property which has been held by many genera- 
tions of one family. [See LOOM.] 
HEIR-PRESUMPTIVE (ar-pre-sumptiv), n. 
One who will be heir if no nearer relative 
should be born. 
HeJIRA (he-ji'ra), n. Same as HEGIRA. 
HeL (hel), n. Scand. Myth. The giantess Ang- 
urboda, daughter of Loki and goddess of 
Niflheim. 
HELD (held), v. Past tense and past participle 

of HOLD. 
HELENA (hel'e-na), HELEN (hel'en), n. 
Daughter of Leda and Zeus (Jupiter) or of 
Tyndarus and Leda; most beautiful woman 
of her age; wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta; 
eloping with Paris, she thus caused the Trojan 
war, after which she returned to Greece with 
Menelaus. 
HELENA (hel'e-na), w. City, capital of State 

of Montana. 
HELIACAL (he-li'ak-al), o. 1. 
Relating to the sun. 2. Ri- 
sing or setting with the sun. 
[Gr. helios, sun.] 
HELICAL (hel'ik-al), a. Spiral, 

like a helix. 
HELICOGRAPH (hel'i-ko-graf), 
n. Instrument used to draw 
spiral lines. 
HELICOPTER (hel'i-kop-ter), n. 
Aeroplane that rises vertic- 
ally by horizontally revolving 
screws. [Gr. helix, spiral, and pteron, wing.] 




HELIGOLAND (hel'i-go-land), n. Island, North 

Sea, belonging to Germany. 
HELIOCENTRIC(he-li-o-sen'trik),HELIOCEN- 
TRICAL (he-li-o-sen'trik-al), a. Astron. As 
seen from the sun's center. 
HELIOGRAPH (he'li-o-graf), n. Apparatus for 
signaling by means of the sun's rays. [Gr. 
helios, sun, and grapho, write.] 
HELIOLATRT (he-li-ol'a-tri), n. Sun worship. 

[Gr. helios, sun, and latreia, worship.] 
HELIOS (he'li-os), n. Greek Myth. Son of 
Hyperion and Theia, known as the god of the 
sun. 
HELIOTROPE (he'li-o-trop), n. 1. Plant whose 
flowers are said always to turn round to the 
sun. 2. Color ranging from pink to lilac, 
or from purple to blue successively. 3. Va- 
riety of dark-green chalcedony variegated 
with red. 4. Heliograph. [Gr. helios, sun, 
and trepd, turn], 
HELIOTTPE (he'li-o-tip), n. 1. Process of 
printing from photo-engravings. 2. Print 
produced by such a process. 
HELIU3I (he'li-um), n. Chemical elementary 
substance first discovered in the sun, but since 
isolated from certain terrestrial minerals. 
[Gr. helios, sun.] 
HELIX (he'liks), n. 
[pi. HELIXES (he'~ 
liks-es) or HELICES 
(heri-sez).]l. Spiral, 
as of wire in a coil. 
2. [H-] Genus of 
snails having spiral 
shells. 3. Incurved 

margin of the external ear. [Gr. helisso, turn.] 
HELL (hel), n. 1. Place or state of punishment 
of the wicked after death ; abode of evil spirits. 
2. Evil powers. 3. Place of vice or misery. 
4. Sheol; Hades. [A. S. hel, the hidden place.] 
HeLLE (hel'le), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Athamas and Nephele; fleeing through the 
air on a golden 
ram, from Ino, 
her stepmother, 
she became gid- 
dy and fell into 
the Dardanelles, 
which then re- 
ceived the name 
Hellespont. 
HELLEBO RE 
(hel'e-bor), n. 
1. Plant used in 
medicine, an- 
ciently as a cure 
for insanity. 2. 
Powdered root 
of the plant, Black HeUebore. 

used to destroy vermin. [Gr. helleboros.] 

Hellenic (hei-ien'ik), Hellenian (hei- 

le'ni-an), a. 1. Pertaining to the Hellenes or 
Greeks. 2. Pertaining to classical Greek 




Species of Helix (H. hor- 
tensis). 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u-u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



HELLISH 



569 



HEMP 




C D 

Helmets. 



King-. 
Knight. 



Noble. 
Esquire. 



mine- 






culture. [Gr. Hellen, son of Deucalion, the 
Greek Noah.] 
HELLISH (hel'ish), a. Pertaining to or like hell; 

very wicked. 
HELLO (hel-16'), inter j. Exclamation to attract 
attention or to greet, now generally used in 
telephoning. [Variant of HOLLA,] 
HELM (helm), n. 1. Apparatus by which a ship 
is steered. 2. Station 
of management or 
government. [A. S. 
helma, handle.] 
HELMET (hel'met), 
n. 1. Covering of 
armor for the head. 
2. Hat made of pith, 
cork, or other light 
material as a protec- 
tion against the sun's 
rays. 3. Hat or head- 
covering not made 
of metal, used by 
firemen, police and 
the military. 4. Hol- 
low air and water- 
tight head-covering used by divers, 
workers, etc. [A. S. helmian, cover.] 

HELMINTHIC (hel-min'thik), I. o. 1. Pertain- 
ing to parasitic worms. 2. Expelling worms. 
II. n. Vermifuge. [Gr. helmins, worm — 
heileo, wriggle.] 

HELMSMAN (helmz 'man), n. [pi. HELMS'MEN.] 
Man at the helm. 

HeLOT (hel'ot) or he'lot), n. Slave among the 
ancient Spartans, [h-] Serf or slave. [Gr.] 

HELP (help), v. [pr.p. HELP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HELPED (helpt).] I. vt. 1. Aid or assist. 2. 
Relieve; succor. 3. Be of avail against; 
prevent. 4. Serve with food at table. 5. 
Take care of or provide for. II. vi. 1. Be 
of use; avail. 2. Serve at table. [A. S. 
helpan.] 

HELP (help), n. 1. Means or strength given 
to another; assistance; relief. 2. One who 
assists; hired person. 

HELPER (help'er), n. One who helps; an as- 
sistant. 

HELPFUL (help'fol), a. Giving help; useful. 

HELPFULNESS (help'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being helpful. 

HELPLESS (help'les), a. Without help or 
power in one's self. 

HELPLESSLY (help'les-li), adv. In a helpless 
manner. 

HELPLESSNESS (help'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being helpless. 

HELPMATE (help'mat), n. Aid; wife. [From 
"help meet for him." Gen. ii. 1-8.] 

HELSINGFORS (hel'sing-farz), n. Seaport, 
naval station of Russia, capital of Finland. 

HELTER-SKELTER (hel'ter-skel-ter), adv. In 
a confused hurry; tumultuously. 

HELVE (helv), w. Handle. [A. S. helf.] 



HEM (hem), n. Border of a garment doubled 

down and sewed. [A. S.] 
HEM (hem), vt. [pr.p. HEMMING; p.t. and 

p.p. HEMMED (hemd).] Form a hem on; 

edge. — Hem in, surround. 
HEM-, HE31A-, etc., prefix. Same as UJEM, 

H^EMA-, etc. 
HEM (hem), n. and inter j. Sort of half-cough 

to draw attention. [Imitative.] 
HEM (hem), vi. [pr.p. HEM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 

HEMMED (hemd).] 1. Give a short voluntary 

cough to draw attention. 2. Hesitate. 
HEMATITE (hem'a-tit), n. Red oxide of iron. 
HEMI-, prefix. Half. [L. hemi-; from Gr. 

hemi-, half.] 
HeMIPTERA (hem-ip'te-ra), n.pl. Genus of 

insects known as the half or split-winged 

kind, such as bugs, beetles, etc. [Gr. hemi-, 

half, and pteron, wing.] 
HEMIPTEROUS(hem-ip'ter-us),a. Half -winged. 
HEMISPHERE (hem'i-sfer), n. 1. Half-sphere. 

2. Half of the globe, or a map of it. [Gr. 

hemisphairion — hemi- 9 half, and sphaira, 

sphere.] 




The two hemispheres. 

HEMISPHERIC (hem-i-sfer'ik), HEMISPHER- 
ICAL (hem-i-sfer'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or 
of the nature of a hemisphere; half-round. 

HEMLOCK (hem'lok), w. 
1. Poisonous plant used 
in medicine. 2. Hem- 
lock-spruce, the tree or 
its timber. [A. S. hemlic] 

HEMMER(hem'er),w. Met- 
al attachment to sewing- 
machine to form hems 
in cloth while being sewn. 

HEMOGLOBIN, H^MO- 
GLOBIN(hem-o-glo'bin), 
n. Red substance in the 
red blood corpuscles. [Gr. 
haima, blood, and L. glo- 
bus, ball.] 

HE310RRHAGE (hem'or- 
aj), n. Pathol. Bursting 
or flowing of blood. [Gr. haima, blood, and 
rhegnymi, burst.] 

HEMORRHOIDS (hem'or-oidz), n.pl. Pathol. 
Piles. [Gr. haima, blood, and rheo, flow.] 

HEMP (hemp), n. 1. Plant of the genus Can- 
nabis with a fibrous bark used for cordage, 
coarse cloth, etc. 2. Its fibrous rind pre- 
pared for spinning. [A. S hcenep.] 




Water Hemlock (Ci- 
cuta malculata). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not move wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=e/i in Scotch loch. 



HEMPEN 



570 



HERBACEOUS 




Henbane (Hyoscyamus 
niger) . 



HEMPEN (hemp'en), a. Made of hemp. 

HE3ISTITCH (hem'stich), n. Drawing out some 
threads running parallel to the edge, and 
gathering in groups those running at right 
angle to it. 

HEMSTITCH (hem'stich), vt. [pr.p. HEM- 
STITCHING; p.t. and p.p. HEMSTITCHED 
(hem'sticht).] Decorate with a hemstitch. 

HEN (hen), n. Female bird, especially of the 
domestic fowl. [A. S. henn, fern, of hana. 
Akin to CHANT.] 

HENBANE (hen'- 
ban), n. Poison- 
ous plant used in 
medicine for opi- 
um; a species of 
nightshade. 

HENCE (hens), adv. 
1. From this place; 
away. 2. In the 
future. 3. From 
this cause or rea- 
son. 4. From this 
origin. [A. S. he- 
onan.] 

HENCEFORTH 
(hens-forth'), adv. 
From this time forward. 

HENCHMAN (henchman), n. [pi. HENCH'- 
MEN.] Servant; follower. [A. S. hengst, horse, 
and man, groom.] 

HENEQUIN (hen'e- 
kin), n. Fibrous 
plant also known as 
sisal hemp, grown 
in Mexico and Cen- 
tral America, used to 
manufacture cord- 
age and cloth. 

HENNA (hen'a), n. 
Paste made of the 
leaves of a hedge 
shrub, used for dye- 
ing finger-nails, etc., 
red. [Ar.] 

HENNERY (hen'er-i), 
n. [pi. HENNER- 
IES.J Place where 
hens are kept; poul- 
try yard. 

HENPECK (hen'pek), 
vt. [pr.p. HEN'PECK ■ 
ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HENPECKED (hen'- 
pekt).] Keep in subjection by force of will 
and outbreaks of ill-temper; domineer over; 
said of a wife who thus rules her husband. 

HENPECKED (hen'pekt), a. Weakly subject 
to one's wife; domineered over. 

HENRY (hen'ri), n. Elec. Practical unit of 
magnetic inductance. [Prof. Henry, Am. Soc. 
Elec. Engineers.] 

SIX. Secohm; quadrant; quad. 




Henequin Fiber {Agave 
Ixtli). 

[Drawn from nature.] 




Hepatica (Hepatica 
triloba). 



Pathol. Inflam- 

Greek Myth. God 
son of Zeus and 



HEP (hep), H P (hip), n. Fruit of the dogrose 

or wild brier (Bosa canina). [A. S. heope.] 
HEPATIC (he-pat Ik), HEPATICAL (he-pat'ik- 

al), a. 1. Pertaining to the liver. 2. Liver- 
colored. [L. — Gr. hepar, 

liver.] 
HEPATICA (he-pat'i-ka), 

n. Plant with its flower, 

of the family Banun- 

culacew. It is found in 

the temperate zones of 

both Europe and Amer- 
ica. The flowers are 

crimson, red,andpurple. 
HEPATITE (hep'a-tit), n. 

Min. Variety of barium 

sulphate or barite, with 

a characteristic odor. 

[Gr. hSpar, hepdtos. 

liver.] 
HEPATITIS (hep-a-ti'tis), n. 

mation of the liver. 

Hephaestus (he-fes'tus), n, 

of fire and metal workers, 
Hera. One of the great Olympians known to 
the Romans as Vulcan. "Vesuvius and Etna vol- 
canoes were supposed to be his furnaces while 
the whole host of Cyclopes were his workmen. 

HEPTAGON (hep'ta-gon), n. Plane figure with 
seven angles and seven sides. [Gr. hepta, 
seven, and gonia, angle.] 

HEPTAGON AL(hep-tag'o-nal), a. Having seven 
angles or sides. 

HEPTARCHY (hep'tark-i), n. 1. Government 
by seven persons. 2. Country governed by 
seven. [Gr. hepta, seven, and arche, rule.] 

HER (her), pron. Objective and possessive case 
of SHE. [A. S. hire, genitive and dative sing, 
of heo, she.] 

IlERA (he'ra), n. Greek, Myth. Queen of heaven 
and wife of Zeus. Known to the Romans as 
Juno. 

HERACLES (her'a-klez), n. Greek Myth. Same 
as Roman HERCULES. 

HERALD (herald), n. 1. One whose duty it is 
to read proclamations, blazon the arms of no- 
bility, etc. 2. Proclaimer; forerunner. [O. Fr. 
heralt — O. Ger. heri, army, and wald, warden.] 

HERALD (her aid), vt. [pr.p. HERALDING; 
p.t. and p.p. HERALDED.] 1. Introduce or 
announce by, or as by, a herald; proclaim; 
usher in. 2. Act as herald to. 

HERALDIC (her-al'dik), a. Of or relating to 
heralds or heraldry. 

HERALDRY (her'ald-ri), n. 1. Art or office of a 
herald. 2. Science of recording genealogies 
and blazoning coats of arms. 

HERB (erb or herb), n. Plant the stem of which 
dies every year, as distinguished from a tree 
or shrub which has a permanent stem. [Fr. 
herbe — L. herba.] 

HERBACEOUS (her-ba'shus), a. Pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, herbs. [L. herbaceus.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move wolf- 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch, ' ' 



mute, hut, burn, 






HERBAGE 



571 



HERMITIC 




Hercules-beetle (Dy- 

nastes hercules) . 



HERBAGE (erb'aj or herb'aj), n. Green food; 

herbs collectively. 
HERBAL (herb'al), a. Pertaining to herbs. 
HERBALIST (herb'al-ist), n. One who makes 

collections of plants. 
HERBARIUM (her-ba'ri-um), n. [pi. HERBA'- 

RIUMS or HERBARIA.] Classified collection 

of preserved plants. 
HERBIVOROUS (her-biv'o-rus), a. Eating 

plants. [L. herba, herb, and voro, devour.] 
HERCULEAN (her-ku'le-an), a. 1. Extremely 

difficult or dangerous. 2. Of extraordinary 

strength and size. 

Hercules (her'ku-iez), Heracles (her'- 

a-klez), n. Greek Myth. Son of Zeus and 
Alcmene; subject to king of Argos, who com- 
pelled him to perform his famous twelve labors ; 
celebrated for his virtue and strength ; reward- 
ed with immortality. 

Hercules-beetle (her'ku-iez-be-ti), n. 

Entom. Large Brazil- 
ian beetle with a hard 
crust-like shell and pro- 
jecting horn, making 
the whole animal resem ■ 
ble a pair of pincers. 

HERD (herd), v. [pr.p. 

HERD'ING; p.t. and p.p. HERD'ED.] I. vt. 
1. Tend as a herdsman. 2. Crowd together 
in a herd. II. vi. Get together in a herd. 

HERD (herd), n. 1. Drove or flock of cattle, 
horses, sheep, or other animals. 2. Crowd 
or assemblage of people. 

HERDSMAN (herdz'man), n. [pi. HERDSMEN.] 
Man employed to tend cattle. 

HERE (her), adv. 1. In this place; in the present 
life or state. 2. To this place. [A. S. her.] 

HEREABOUT (her'a-bowf), adv. About this 
place. 

HEREAFTER (her-aft'er), I. adv. In some future 
time or state. II. n. Future state. 

HEREBY(her-bI'),adv. 1. Not far off. 2. By this. 

HEREDITABLE (he-red'i-ta-bl), a. That may 
or can be inherited. 

HEREDITAMENT (her-e-dit'a-ment), n. Prop- 
erty that may pass to an heir. 

HEREDITARY (he-red'i-ta-ri), a. 1. Descend- 
ing by inheritance. 2. Transmitted by par- 
ents to their offspring. [L. hereditarius — 
hereditas, state of an heir — heres, heir.] 

HEREDITY (he-red'i-ti), n. 1. Transmission of 
qualities, diseases, etc., from parent to off- 
spring. 2. Biol. Tendency which there is 
in each animal or plant to resemble its parents, 
so as to be of the same species. 

HEREIN (her-in'), adv. In this. 

HEREINAFTER (her-in-aft'er), adv. After- 
ward in this (document, etc.). 

HEREOF (her-ovO, adv. 1. Of this. 2. As a 
result of this. 

HERESY (her'e-si), n. [pi. HERESIES.] Opin- 
ion opposed to the established doctrine or 
faith. [Fr. heresie — Gr. haired, choose.] 



HERETIC (her'e-tik), n. Upholder of a heresy. 
[Gr. hairetikos, able to choose, heretical.] 

HERETICAL (he-ret'ik-al), a. Containing, or 
of the nature of, heresy. 

HERETO (her-to'), adv. 1. Till this time. 3. 
In accordance with this. 

HERETOFORE (her-to-for'), adv. Before this 
time; up to this time; formerly. 

HEREUNDER (her-un'der), adv. Under or be- 
low this; by authority of this. 

HEREUNTO (her-un-to'), adv. Up to this; hereto. 

HEREWITH (her-wi«ft'), adv. With this; along 
with this. 

HERITABLE (her'i-ta-bl), a. That may be 
inherited. [O. Fr.] 

HERITAGE (her'it-aj), n. That which is inher- 
ited. [Fr.] 

HERMAPHRODITE (her-maf'ro-dit), I. n. 
Animal or plant in which the two sexes are 
united. II. a. Bi-sexual; combining both 
sexes. [Gr. Hcrmaphroditos, son of Hermes 
and Aphrodite (Mercury and Venus), whose 
body became one with that of Salmacis, a 
nymph.] 

HERMENEUTICS (her-me-nu'tiks), n. Science 
of interpretation, especially of the Scriptures. 
[Gr. Hermes, Mercury.] 

HERMES (her'mez), n. Greek Myth. Mes- 
senger of the gods, known to the Romans as 
Mercury. 

HERMETIC (her-metik), HERMETICAL (her- 
met'ik-al), a. 1. Alchemic. 2. Air-tight. — 
Hermetically sealed, closed completely, as a 
glass vessel, the opening of which is closed by 
melting the glass. [From Hermes Trismegis- 
tos, Hermes " the thrice-greatest." the Greek 
name of the Egyptian god Thoth, who was 
the god of science, especially alchemy, whose 
magic seal was held to make vessels and 
treasures inaccessible.] 

HERMIONE (her-me'6-ne), n. Greek Myth. 
Successively the wife of Neoptolemus and 
Orestes; daughter of Menelaus and Helen. 

HERMIT (her'mit), n. One who retires from 
society and lives in solitude or in the desert. 
[Gr. eremites — eremos, solitary.] 

HERMITAGE (her'mit-aj), n. 1. Dwelling of a 
hermit. 2. Retired abode. 

HERMIT-CRAB (her mit-krab), n. Species of 
crab of the ge- 
nus Eupagu- 
rus, found on 
the Atlantic 
coasts of Eu- 
rope and North 
America, hav- 
ing character- i\l 
istics of both 
the crawfish 
and common 
crab. 

HERMITIC (her-mit'ik), a 
to a hermit. 




Hermit-crab (E. bernhardus). 

Of or pertaining 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=cft, in Scotch Loch. 



HERNIA 



572 



HETEROGENESIS 



Rupture, especially of 



HERNIA (her'ni-a), n. 
the abdomen. [L.] 

HERO (hero), n. Greek Myth. A priestess of 
Venus beloved by Leander, who swam the 
Hellespont every night to see her; one night 
he was drowned, and Hero threw herself in 
the sea. 

HERO (he'ro), n. [pi. HE'BOES; fern. HEROINE 
(her'o-in).] 1. Originally a warrior; demigod. 
2. Man of distinguished bravery. 3. Any illus- 
trious person. 4. Principal figure in a story or 
work of fiction. [Gr. heros. Akin to L. vir; 
A. S. wer, man.] 

HEROIC (he-ro'ik), HEROICAL (he-ro'ik-al), 
I. a. 1. Recoming a hero; courageous; illus- 
trious. 2. Of the style of verse in which 
the exploits of heroes are celebrated. 3. Art. 
Larger than life. II. n. Heroic verse. 

HEROICALLY (he-ro'ik-al-i), adv. In a heroic 
manner. 

HEROINE (her'o-in), n. 1. Woman of a brave 
spirit; female hero. 2. Principal female 
character in a novel, play, etc. [See HERO.] 

HEROISM (her'o-izm), n. 1. 
Qualities of a hero. 2. Act of 
a hero. 

HERON (her'un), n. Large 
screaming water-fowl, with 
long legs and neck. [Fr.] 

HERONRY (her'un-ri), n. [pi. 
HER'ONRIES.] A place where 
herons breed. [Fr.] 

HERPETOLOGY (her-pe-tol'- 
o-ji), n. Natural history of 
reptiles. [Gr. herpeton, rep- 
tile, and logos, science.] 

HERRING (her'ing), n. Small 

North Atlantic fish found Common Heron 
moving in great shoals. [A. f^ZZ)^ 
S. hairing — here, army.] 

HERRING-BONE (her'ing-bon), a. Like the 
spine of a herring; ap- 
plied to masonry in 
which the stones slope 
in different directions 
in alternate rows; and 
also with reference to 
embroidery and sew- Herring-bone work. 
ing; as, the herring-hone stitch. 

HERS (herz), pron. Possessive of SHE; never 
used attributively. 

HERSELF (her-self), pron. 1. Emphatic form 
of SHE or HER. 2. Her real character or 
nature; her right mind. 

HERTZIAN (herts'i-an), a. Relating to the 
German scientist Heinrich Hertz, or to the 
wave-propagation of electromagnetic induc- 
tion discovered by him in 1888. — Hertzian 
waves, electromagnetic vibrations given off 
by an electromagnet whose intensity is under- 
going rapid periodic variation, or by a current 
whose strength Is undergoing rapid periodic 
variations. 





HESIONE (he-si 6-ne), n. Greek Myth. Daugh- 
ter of King Laomedan of Troy and Leucippe. 
She was rescued by Hercules from a sea- 
monster to which she had been exposed. 

HESITANCY (hez'i-tan-si), n. Hesitation. 

HESITATE (hez'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. HES'ITATING; 
p.t. and p.p. HES'ITATED.] 1. Stop or pause 
in action; be in suspense or uncertainty. 2. 
Stammer. [L. haesito, stick.] 

HESITATION (hez-i-ta'shun), n. Act of hesi- 
tating. 

HESPER (hes'per), HESPERUS (hes'per-us), n. 
Evening-star (Venus). [Gr. Hesperos, eve- 
ning-star.] 

HESPERIAN (hes-pe'ri-an), a. Western. 

HESPERIDES (hes-per'i-dez), n.pl. Greek Myth. 
Daughters of Hesperus, who guarded the 
golden apples which Gaea, the goddess of 
earth, gave to Zeus and Hera. 

HESPERUS (hes'per-us), n. Greek Myth. Son 
of Astraeus and Eos, god of the twilight. 

HESSE (hes) or HESSEN (hes'sen), n. Grand 
duchy, Germany. Area 2,966 sq. m. 

HESSE-NASSAU (hes'nas-sow), n. Province of 
Prussia. Area 6,058 sq. m. 

HESSIAN (hesh'an), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Hesse. H. n. 1. Native or inhabitant of Hesse. 
2. Hireling; mercenary; from the Hessian 
troops hired by the British in the American 
revolution. 

Hessian-fly (hesh'an- 

fli), n. Insect pest in- 
festing fields during 
the growth of 
the harvest. The 
adult fly is harm- 
less, but its lar- 
vae cause all the 
damage to crops 
which they prey 
upon until they 
reach mature 
size. 

HESTIA (hes'ti-a), n. Hessian-fly (Mayetiola 
Greek Myth. Daugh- destructor). 

ter of Cronos and [Enlarged.] 

Rhea. Known among the Romans as Vesta, 
goddess of the hearth and home. 

HETERODOX (het'er-o-doks), a. Not orthodox; 
heretical. [Gr. heteros, other, and dokeo, think.] 

HETERODOXY (het'er-o-doks-i), n. [pi. HET'- 
ERODOXIES.] Heresy. 

HETEROGENEOUS (het-er-o-je'ne-us), a. Dis- 
similar in kind; mixed; opposed to HOMO- 
GENEOUS. [Gr. heteros, other, and genos, kind.] 

HETEROGENESIS (het-er-o-jen'e-sis), n. Biol. 
1. Spontaneous generation; abiogenesis. 2. 
Generation in which the offspring differs in 
structure and habit from the parent animal or 
plant, the ancestral characteristics, however, 
ultimately reappearing. [Gr. heteros, other, 
and genesis, generation.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch, 



mute, hut, burn, 



HETER0NY3I 



573 



HIGGLE 



Regular Hexagon. 



HETERONTM (het'er-o-nim), n. Word spelled 
like another, but with a different sound and 
meaning; as, lead, to guide, and lead, the 
metal. [Gr. heteros, other, and onytna, name.] 

HEW (hu), v. [pr.p. HEWING; p.t. HEWED 
(hud); p.p. HEWN (hun) or HEWED.] I. vt. 

1. Cut with an ax; chop. 2. Cut in pieces. 
3. Shape. II. vi. Deal blows with an ax. 
[A. S. hedwan.] 

HEWER (hu'er), n. One who hews. 

HEXACHORD (heks'a-kard), n. Music. Dia- 
tonic series of six notes, having a semitone 
between the third and fourth. [Gr. hex, six, 
and chorde, string.] 

HEXAD (heks'ad), a. Chem. Having a com- 
bining power of six units — i. e., of six atoms 
of hydrogen; sexivalent. [Gr. hex, six.] 

HEXAGON (heks'a-gon), n. 
Plane figure with six an- 
gles and sides. [Gr. hex, 
six, and gdnia, angle.] 

HEXAGONAL (heks-ag'o- 
nal), a. Of the form of a 
hexagon. 

HEXAHEDRON (heks-a-he'- 
dron), n. Cube, a regular 
solid with six sides or faces, each of these 
being a square. [Gr. hex, six, and hedra, base.] 

HEXAMETER (heks-am'e-ter), I. n. Verse of 
six feet, the first four being either dactyls or 
spondees, the fifth a dactyl, the last a spondee. 
II. a. Having six metrical feet. [Gr. hex, 
six, and metron, measure.] 

HEY (ha), inter j. Expressive of joy or interro- 
gation. 

HEYDAY (ha/da), interj. Expressive of frolic, 
exultation or wonder. [Gr. heida, hey there, 
ho there.] 

HEYDAY (ha/da), n. Full vigor of youth. [For 
HIGH-DAY.] 

HIATUS (hi-a'tus), n. 1. Gap; opening; defect. 

2. Gram. Concurrence of vowel sounds in suc- 
cessive syllables. [L.] 

HIBERNAL (hi-ber'nal), a. Belonging to winter; 

wintry. [L. hietns, winter.] 
HIBERNATE (hi'ber-nat), vi. [pr.p. HIBER- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. HIBERNATED.] Pass 

the winter in sleep or torpor. 
HIBERNATION (hi-ber-na'shun), n. Time or 

act of hibernating. 
HIBERNIAN (hi-ber'ni-an), I. a. Relating to 

Hibernia or Ireland. II. n. Irishman. [L. 

Hibernia, Ireland.] 
HlBERNIANISM (hi-ber'ni-an-izm), HIBER- 

NICISM (hi-ber'ni-sizm), n. Irish idiom or 

peculiarity. 
HlBISCUS (hi-bis'kus), n. Bot. 1. Genus of 

plants of the mallow family, with large, showy, 

variously colored flowers. 2. [h-] Plant of 

this genus. [Gr. hibiskos, mallow.] 
HICCUP, HICCOUGH (hik'up), n. Spasm of the 

diaphragm, with a sudden closing of the glottis. 

[Imitative.] 



HICCUP, HICCOUGH (hik'up), v. [pr.p. HIC- 
CUPING; p.t. and p.p. HICCUPED (hik'upt).] 

I. vt. Say with a hiccup. II. vi. Be affected 
with hiccup. 

HICCUPY (hik'up-i), a. Marked by hiccups. 

HICKORY (hik'o-ri), n. [pi. HICK'ORIES.J 
Name of several American nut-bearing trees. 
[Amer. Ind. pawcohiceora, nut oil.] 

HID, HIDDEN, v. See HIDE. 

HIDALGO (hi-dal'go), n. Spanish nobleman 
of the lowest class. [Sp.] 

HIDDEN (hid'n), a. Concealed; unknown. 
SYN. Covert; secret; masked; disguised; 
mysterious. ANT. Apparent; clear; man- 
ifest; obvious; plain; evident; transparent; 
intelligible. 

HIDE (hid), v. [pr.p. HI'DING; p.t. HID; p.p. 
HID'DEN.] I. vt. Conceal; secrete; cover up. 

II. vi. Lie concealed. [A. S. hydan.] 
HIDE (hid), n. Skin of an animal. [A. S. hyd, 

skin.] 

HIDE (hid), vt. [pr.p. HI'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
HIDED.] Flog or whip. [A. S. hyd.] 

HIDEBOUND (hid'bownd), a. 1. Having the 
hide or bark so close that it impedes the 
growth. 2. Narrow-minded. 

HIDEOUS (hid'e-us), a. Frightful; horrible; 
ghastly. [Fr. hideux.] 

SYN. Horrid; unshapely; monstrous. 
ANT. Captivating; attractive; graceful; 
winsome; lovely; beautiful; fair. 

HIDING (hi 'ding), n. Place of concealment. 

HIDING (hi'ding), n. Flogging; thrashing, or 
beating. 

HIE (hi), v. [pr.p. HIEING or HYING; p.t. and 
p.p. HIED (hid).] I. vt. Hasten; urge. II. vi. 
Go in haste. [A. S. higian, hasten.] 

HIERARCH (hi'er-ark), n. Ruler in sacred 
matters. [Gr. hierarchies — hieros, sacred, and 
archos, ruler — archo, rule.] 

HIERARCHAL (hi-er-ark'al), HIERARCHIC 
(hi-er-ark'ik), HIERARCHICAL (hi-er-ark'- 
ik-al), a. Relating to or of the nature of a 
hierarch or hierarchy. 

HIERARCHY (hi'er-ark-i), n. [pi. HIERARCH- 
IES.] 1. Body of the clergy. 2. Govern- 
ment by priests. [Gr. hierarchia — hierarches; 
see HIERARCH.] 

HIERATIC (hi-er-at'ik), a. Sacred; relating to 
priests. 

HIEROGLYPH (hi'er-o-glif), HIEROGLYPHIC 
(hi-er-o-glif'ik), n. 1. Sacred character of 
the ancient Egyptian language. 2. Unintelli- 
gible character or mark. [Gr. hieros, sacred, 
and glypho, carve.] 

HIEROGLYPHIC (hi-er-o-glif'ik), HIERO- 
GLYPHICAL (hi-er-o-glif'ik-al), a. Of the 
nature of, pertaining to, or represented by, 
hieroglyphs. 

HIEROPHANT (hi'er-o-fant), n. One who re- 
veals sacred things; religious teacher. [Gr. 
hieros, sacred, and phaino, show.] 

HIGGLE (hig'l), vi. [pr.p. HIG'GLING; p.t. and 






fate, fat, task, far, fall 



fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, but, burn, 



HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY 



574 



HINDI 



p.p. HIGGLED (hig'ld).] 1. Drive a hard bar- 
gain. 2. Haggle. [Form of HAGGLE.] 

HIGGLEDY-PIGGLEDY (hig'1-di-pig'l-di), adv. 
In a state of confusion. (Colloq.) 

HIGGLER (hig'ler), w. One who higgles. 

HIGH (hi), I. a. [comp. HIGHER; superl. 
HIGHEST.] 1. Elevated; lofty; exalted; 
powerful. 2. Chief. 3. Arrogant. 4. Intense; 
loud; violent. 5. Dear; difficult. II. adv. Aloft; 
eminently; powerfully; profoundly; expen- 
sively; luxuriously. [A. S. hedh.] 

HIGHBALL (hibal), n. Whiskey or other liquor 
served with ice and aerated water in a large 
glass. (Colloq.) 

HIGHBINDER (hl'bind-er), n. 1. Ruffian; 
loafer; rowdy who commits wanton outrages. 
(Colloq.) 2. One of lawless Chinese bands 
organized for purpose of blackmail and 
murder. 

HIGH-BORN (hi'barn), a. Of noble birth. 

HIGH-BRED (hi'bred), a. Of noble breed, train- 
ing or family. 

HlGH-CHURCH (hi'church), a. and n. Ap- 
plied to a party within the Church of England, 
which exalts the authority of the episcopate 
and the priesthood, the saving grace of sacra- 
ments, etc. 

High-churchman (Wchurch-man), ». [pi. 

HIGH'CHURCHMEN.] High-church adherent. 

HIGH-FLIER (hl'fli-er), n. One who flies high, 
or runs into extravagance of opinion or action. 

HIGH-FLOWN (hi'flon), a. 1. Proud; preten- 
tious. 2. Turgid. 

HIGH-HANDED (hx-hand'ed), a. Overbearing; 
violent. 

HIGHLAND (hi 'land), n. 3Iountainous district. 

HIGHLANDER (hi'land-er), n. 1. Inhabitant 
of a mountainous region; mountaineer. 2. 
[H-] Native of the Scottish Highlands. 

HIGHLY (hi'li), adv. In or to a great degreo Q 

HIGH-METTLED (hi'met-ld), a. Full of mettle 
or spirit; spirited. 

HIGH-MINDED (hi'mind-ed), a. 1. Having a 
proud or arrogant mind. 2. Having hon- 
orable pride; magnanimous. 

HIGH3IOST (hi'most), a. Highest. 

HIGHNESS (hi'nes), n. 1. State of being high. 
2. Dignity of rank. 3. Title of honor given 
to princes. 

HIGH-PRESSURE (hi'presh-ur), a. Applied to 
a steam-engine in which the steam is raised 
to a high temperature, so that the pressure 
may exceed that of the atmosphere. 

HIGH-PRIEST (hi'prest), n. Chief priest under 
the Mosaic dispensation. 

HIGHROAD (hi'rod), n. 1. Road for general 
traffic. 2. Usual or easy course or method. 

HIGH-SOUNDING (hi'sownd-ing), a. Pompous; 
ostentatious. 

HIGH-SPIRITED (hi'spir-it-ed), a. Bold; dar- 
ing; irascible. 

HIGH-STRUNG (hi'strung), a. High-spirited; 
sensitive. 



1. Honorable. 2. 
Having a high tone 



HIGHT (hit), n. Same as HEIGHT. 
HIGHTH (hith), n. Old form of HEIGHT. 
HIGH-TIDE (hi'tid), n. Tide at its full; high- 
water. 
HIGH-TONED (hi'tond), a 
Aristocratic. 3. Music. 
or pitch. 

HIGH-TREASON (hi-tre'zn), n. Treason against 
the sovereign or state. 

HIGH- WATER (hi'wa-ter), n. 1. Time at 
which the tide is highest. 2. Greatest ele- 
vation of the tide. 

HIGHWAY (hi'wa), n. 1. Public way or road. 
2. Any means or way of communication open 
to all. 

HIGHWAYMAN (hi'wa-man), n. Robber who 
attacks people on the public way. 

HIGH-WINE (hi'win), n. Distillate containing 
a high percentage of alcohol. 

HIKE (hik), vi. [pr.p. HIKING; p.t. and p.p. 
HIKED (hikt).] Go rapidly; walk. (Colloq.) 

HILARIOUS (hi-la'ri-us), a. Gay; very merry. 
[Gr. hilaros.] 

HILARITY (hi-lar'i-ti), n. Gaiety; jollity. 

HILL (hil), n. High mass of land less than a 
mountain. [A. S. hyll.] 

HILL (hil), vt. [pr.p. HILLING; p.t. and p.p. 
HILLED (hild).] Form small hills about or 
over; as, to hill potatoes. 

HILLOCK (hil'uk), n. Small hill. 

HILLY (hil'i), a. Full of hills. 

HILT (hilt), n. Handle, especially of a sword, 
dagger, or similar weapon. [A. S.] 

HIM (him), pron. Objective case of HE. [A. S.] 

Hl31ALAYA (hi-ma'la-ya), n. Mountains, be- 
tween India and Tibet. 

HIMSELF (him-self), pron. 1. Emphatic and 
reflexive form of HE and HIM. 2. His real 
nature and character; his right mind. 

HIND (hind), n. Female of the stag. [A. S. 
hind.'] 

HIND (hind), n. In northern part of England 
and in Scotland, a skilled farm assistant. 
[A. S. hina, house-servant.] 

HIND (hind), a. [superl. HINDMOST.] Placed 
in, or belonging to, the rear; opposed to 
FORE. [A. S. hindan (adv.), back.] 

HINDER (hind'er), a. Of, pertaining to, or 
constituting the rear or back; hind. [From 
HIND, a.] 

HINDER (hinder), v. [pr.p. HINDERING; p.t. 
and p.p. HINDERED (hin'derd).] I. vt. Stop 
or prevent progress of; embarrass. II. vi. 
Raise obstacles. [A. S. hindrian.] 

SYN. Block; check; delay; impede; ob- 
struct; oppose; retard. ANT. Accelerate; 
expedite; promote; facilitate; help. 

HINDERANCE (hin'der-ans), n. Same as HIN- 
DRANCE. 

HINDER3IOST (hind'er-most), a. Same as 
HINDMOST. 

HlNDI, (hin'de), n. One of the languages of 
Aryan stock spoken in Northern India. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



HINDMOST 



575 



HIT 




Hindu. 



HINDMOST (hind'most), a. Farthest behind; 

superlative of HIND. 
HINDRANCE (hin'drans), n. 

Act of hindering or state 

of being hindered. 

Hindu, Hindoo (hin'- 

do), n. 1. Native of Hin- 
dustan.S.Nativelndian and 
believer in Brahmanism. 

Hinduism, Hindooism 

(hin'do-izm), n. Religion 
and customs of the Hindus. 

Hindu Kush (hin'do- 

kosh), n. Mountain system of Central Asia. 

HINDUSTAN (hin-do-stan'), n. India; properly, 

only the Punjab and the valley of the Ganges. 

Hindustani, Hindoostani (hin-do-sta'- 

ne), n. Chief official and commercial lan- 
guage of India. 

HINGE (hinj), n. 1. Joint on which a door or 
lid hangs. 2. That on which anything de- 
pends or turns. [Ice. henja, hang.] 

HINGE (hinj), v. [pr.p. HINGING; p.t. and p.p. 
HINGED (hinjd).] I. vt. 1. Furnish with 
hinges. 2. Bend as a hinge. II. vi. 1. Hang 
or turn on a hinge. 2. Depend. 

HINNY (hin'i), n. Offspring of a male horse 
and a she-ass. [Gr. hinnos, mule.] 

HINT (hint), v. [pr.p. HINTING; p.t. and p.p. 
HINT ED.] I. vt. Bring to mind by a slight 
mention or remote allusion; allude to. II. 
vi. Make an indirect or remote allusion. [A. 
S. hentan, seize.] 

HINT (hint), n. Distant allusion; slight mention; 
insinuation. 

HINTERLAND (hint'er- 
land), n. District lying 
behind a defi- 
nite portion of 
seacoast or river 
shore. [Ger.] 

HIP (hip), n. 
Haunch or 
fleshy part of 
the thigh. [A. S. hype.] 

HIP (hip), w. Same as HEP. 

HlPPELATES-FLY (hip- 
e-la/iez-fil), n. Pestilen- 
tial insects infesting the cattle and other 
livestock on farm lands in the warmer por- 
tions of the Southern States. 

Hippocampus (Wp-o-kam'pus), 

n. Genus of fishes with head 
and neck like a horse; sea- 
horse ; in Japan used as the trade 
symbol of workers in wood. [L., 
sea-horse — Gr. hippos, horse, 
and kampos, sea-monster.] 
HIPPODROME (hip'o-drom), n. 
Ancient race-course for horses 
and chariots; modern equestrian Hippocampus. 
circus. [Gr. hippos, horse, and dromos, course.] 




Hippelates-fly (H. 

flavipes). 




HIPPOPOTAMUS (hip-o-pot'a-mus), n. [pi. 
HIPPOPOTAMUSES or HIPPOPOTAMI (hip- 
o-pot'a-mi).] Af- 
rican quadruped,' 
of aquatic hab- ^ 
its, of the genus JP 
Hippopotamus,'^ 
having a very 



thick skin, short 
legs, and a 
large head and 
muzzle. [Gr. 




Hippopotamus (H. amphibius). 

hippos, horse, and potamos, river.] 

HIRCINE (her'sin), a. Pertaining to or resem- 
bling a goat. [L. hircus, goat.] 

HIRE (hir), vt. [pr.p. HIRING; p.t. and p.p. 
HIRED (hird).] Procure the use or service of, 
at a price; engage for wages; let for compen- 
sation. [A. S. hyrian, hire.] 

HIRE (hir), n. Wages for service; price paid for 
the use of a thing. [A. S. hyr — hyrian, hire.] 

HIRELING (hir 'ling), n. Hired servant; merce- 
nary. [A. S. hyrlingi] 

HIRER (hir'er), n. One who hires. 

HIRSUTE (her-suf), a. Hairy; rough; shaggy. 
[L. hirsutus.] 

HIS (hiz), pron. Possessive form of HE. [A. S.] 

HISS (his), v. [pr.p. HISSING; p.t. and p.p. 
HISSED (hist).] I. vi. 1. Make a sound like the 
letter s, as the goose, serpent, etc. 2. Express 
contempt, etc., by hissing. II. vt. Condemn 
by hissing. [A. S. hysian, formed from the 
sound.] 

HISS (his), n. Sound made by forcing the breath 
out between the tongue and upper teeth, as 
in pronouncing the letter s. 

HIST (hist), inter j. Hush! silence! 

HISTOLOGY (his-tol'o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of the organic tissues. [Gr. histos, web, 
and -LOGY.] 

HISTORIAN (his-to'ri-an), n. Writer of history. 

HISTORIC (his-torik), HISTORICAL (his-tor'- 
ik-al), a. Pertaining to history; containing 
history; derived from history. 

HISTORY (his'to-ri), n. [pi. HISTORIES.] 1. 
Account of an event. 2. Systematic account 
of events. [Gr. historia — histor, learned.] 

SYN. Knowledge; narrative; story; rela- 
tion; annals; chronicle. 

HISTRIONIC (his-tri-on'ik), HISTRIONIC AL 
(his-tri-on'ik-al), a. Relating to the stage; 
theatrical. [L. histrio, actor.] 

HIT (hit), v. [pr.p. HIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. HIT.] 
I. vt. 1. Touch or strike. 2. Reach or at- 
tain. 3. Come upon; guess. II. vi. 1. 
Come in contact. 2. Chance luckily. 3. 
Succeed. [A. S. hittan, meet with.] 

HIT (hit), n. 1. Lucky chance. 2. Stroke. 3. 
Happy turn of thought or expression. 4. In 
backgammon, a move that throws one of the 
opponent's men back to the entering point; 
also, a game won after one of two men are 
removed from the board. 



I 



fate, fat, task, 



far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=M in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ka=ch in Scotch loch. 



HITCH 



576 



HOCUS 



HITCH (hich), v. [pr.p. HITCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. HITCHED (hicht).] I. vi. 1. Move by 
jerks, as if caught by a hook. 2. Be caught 
or entangled. II. vt. 1. Hook; catch; unite; 
yoke. 2. Fasten or tie; as, to hitch a horse. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 
HITCH (hich), n. 1. Jerk. 2. Catch, or any- 
thing that holds. 3. Obstacle. 4. Sudden 
halt. 5. Knot or noose. 
HITHER (hifft'er), I. adv. To this place. II. 
a. Toward the speaker; nearer. [A. S. hider.] 
HITHERMOST (hiffc'er-most), a. Nearest on 

this side. 
HITHERTO (hiffc'er-to), adv. To this place or 

time; as yet. 
HITHER WARD (hitfe'er-ward), adv. Towards 

this place. 
HIVE (hiv), n. 1. Swarm of bees in a box or 
basket. 2. Habitation of bees. 3. Busy 
company. [A. S. hiw, house.] 
HIVE (hiv), v. [pr.p. HIVING; p.t. and p.p. 
HIVED (hivd).] I. vt. Collect into a hive; 
lay up in store. II. vi. Take shelter together; 
reside in a body. 
HIVES (hlvz), n. Eruptive disease. 
HO, HO A (ho), inter.}. Hold! stop! 
HOANG-HO (hwang'ho), YELLOW RlVER. 

China, falls into Gulf of Pechili. 
HOAR (hor), I. a. White or grayish-white, 
especially with age or frost. II. n. Hoariness. 
[A. S. hdr.] 
HOARD (hord), n. Store; hidden stock; treas- 
ure. [A. S. hord.] 
HOARD (hord), v. [pr.p. HOARDING; p.t. and 
p.p. HOARDED.] I. vt. Collect and store 
away. II. vi. Lay up; store. 
HOARFROST (hor'frast), n. White frost; the 
white particles formed by the freezing of dew. 
HOARHOUND, HOREHOUND (hor'hownd), n. 
Plant of the mint family, 
used as a tonic. [A. S. 
hdrhune — hdr, hoary white, 
and hune, strong-scented.] 
HOARINESS (hor'i-nes), n. 
Condition of being hoary. 
HOARSE (hors), a. Having 
a harsh, grating voice, as 
from a cold; discordant. 
[A. S. has.] 
HOARSELY (hors'li), adv. In 

a hoarse manner. 
HOARSENESS (hors'nes), n. 
Quality or state of being 
hoarse. 
HOARY (hor'i), a. White or 

gray, as with age. 
HOVX(hoks), n. Deceptive 

trick; practical joke. [Corrup. of HOCUS. See 
HOCUS-POCUS.] 
HOAX (hoks),tf. [pr.p. HOAX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HOAXED (hokst).] Play a trick upon, or de- 
ceive, for sport. 
HOB (hob), n. 1. Projecting nave of a wheel; 




Hoarhound (Mar- 

rubium vulgare) . 



hub. 2. Raised place over a grate where 
things are kept warm. [See HUMP.] 

HOBBLE (hob'l), v. [pr.p. HOBBLING; p.t. and 
p.p. HOBBLED (hob'ld).] I. vi. Walk with 
a limp; walk awkwardly; move irregularly. 
II. vt. Fasten loosely the legs of. [Freq. of 
HOP.] 

HOBBLE (hob'l), n. 1. Awkward, limping gait. 
2. Anything used to hamper the feet of an 
animal; clog or fetter. 3. Embarrassment; 
difficulty ; also used ad jecti vely ; as, hobble skirt. 




%^ 



Hobbles. 




HOBBLEDEHOY (hob'1-de-hoi), n. Stripling, 
neither man nor boy. [Etym. unknown.] 

HOBBY (hob'i), n. [pi. HOBBIES.] 1. Stick 
used as a toy-horse; hobby-horse. 2. Ruling 
passion; favorite pursuit or theme. [O. Fr. 
hobi, mare.] 

HOBBY (hob'i), n. Ornith. 
Species of falcon of the 
genus Hypotriorehis that 
preys on small birds. Com- 
mon in Europe and north- 
ern United States. 

HOBBY-HORSE (hob'i-hars), 
n. Wooden toy-horse on* 
rockers, springs, etc. 

HOBGOBLIN (hob'gob-lin), n. 
Bugaboo; frightful appari- 
tion. [HOB (=Robin) and 
GOBLIN.] 

HOBNAIL (hob'nal), n. Nail 
with a thick, strong head, 
used in the shoes of horses, 
and sometimes of men. 

HOBNOB (hob'nob), adv. At random. 

HOBNOB (hob'nob), vi. [pr.p. HOBNOBBING; 
p.t. and p.p. HOBNOBBED (hob'nobd).] Be on 
terms of close intimacy. 

HOBO (hobo), n. [pi. HOBOS (ho'boz).] Wan- 
dering, shiftless workman. 

HOCK, HOUGH (hok), n. 1. Joint on the 
hind leg of a quadruped, between the knee and 
fetlock, corresponding to the ankle-joint in 
man. 2. In man, the back part of the knee- 
joint; the ham. [A. S. hoh, heel.] 

HOCK (hok), vt. [pr.p. HOCKING; p.t. and 
p.p. HOCKED (hokt).] Hamstring. 

HOCK (hok), n. 1. Wine produced in Hochheim. 
2. Any white Rhine wine. 

HOCKEY (hok'i), w. Game played with a ball 
and bent stick; commonly called shinny. 

HOCUS (ho'kus), vt. [pr.p. HO'CUSING; p.t. 
and p.p. HOCUSED (ho'kust).] 1. Cheat. 2. 
Drug. [Abbr. of HOCUS-POCUS.] 



Hobby (H. sub- 
buteo). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \ih-ch in Scotch loch. 



HOCUS 



577 



HOLLOWNESS 



HOCUS (ho'kus), n. 1. Impostor; cheat. 2. 

Drugged drink. 
HOCUS-POCUS (ho'kus-po-kus), n. Juggler's 

trick. [Jugglers' slang.] 
HOD (hod), n. 1. Trough for carrying bricks 

and mortar. 2. Coal-scuttle. [Fr. hotte.] 
HOD-CARRIER (hod'kar-i-er), n. Workman 

who carries bricks and mortar in a hod. 
HODGEPODGE (hoj'poj), n. See HOTCHPOTCH. 
HOE (ho), n. Instrument for digging up weeds, 

and loosening the earth. [Fr. houe — O. Ger. 

houwa.] 
HOE (ho), v. [pr.p. HOE'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HOED (hod).] I. vt. Cut or clean with a hoe; 

weed. II. vi. Use a hoe. 
HOE-CAKE (ho'kak), n. Thin cake of Indian 

meal, water and salt, baked before an open 

fire, originally on a hoe. 
HOE-DOWN (ho'down), n. Noisy dance; 

breakdown. 
HOG (hog), n. 1. Swine; pig. 2. Greedy per- 
son. [Wei. hwch — houc'ha, grunt. j 
HOG (hog), vt. [pr.p. HOGGING; p.t. and p.p. 

HOGGED (hogd).] Take more than one's fair 

share of. 
HOGGISH (hog'ish), a. Selfish; gluttonous; 

greedy. 
HOGGISHLY (hog'ish-li), adv. In a hoggish 

manner; greedily; selfishly. 
HOGGISHNESS (hog'ish-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being hoggish. 
HOGSHEAD (hogz'hed), n. 1. Measure of ca- 

pacity=63 wine gallons. 2. Large cask. 

[O. Dut. oghshoofd, ox-head.] 
HOGSKIN (hog'skin), n. Leather made of the 

skin of swine. 
HOG WASH (hog'wosh), n. Refuse of a kitchen, 

brewery, etc. ; swill. 
HOHENZOLLERN (ho-en-tsol'ern), n. Terri- 
tory in Black Forest, belonging to Prussia. 

Area 441 sq.m. 
HOIDEN, HOYDEN (hoi'dn), I. n. Romping, 

bold, ill-bred girl. II. a. Rude; bold. [O. 

Dut. heyden, heathen, gipsy.] 
HOIDEN (hoi'dn), vi. [pr.p. HOI'DENING; p.t. 

and p.p. HOIDENED (hoi'dnd).] Romp about 

roughly or indecently. 
HOIDENISH (hoi'dn-ish), a. Like a hoiden; 

rough; bold; romping. 
HOIST (hoist), vt. [pr.p. HOIST'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. HOIST'ED.] Raise with a tackle; heave; 

lift; run up. [O. Dut. hyssen, hoist.] 
HOIST (hoist), n. 1. Act of lifting. 2. Height 

of a sail. 3. Apparatus for lifting heavy 

bodies to the upper stories of a building. 
HOLD (hold), v. [pr.p. HOLD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HELD (held).] I. vt. 1. Keep; contain; ac- 
cept; sustain. 2. Defend. 3. Occupy. 4. Con- 
fine; restrain. 5. Continue; persist in. 6. 

Have or join in, as a meeting; celebrate. 7. 

Believe. 8. Esteem. II. vi. 1. Remain fixed; 

continue unbroken or unsubdued; adhere. 

2. Derive right. 3. Stop; forbear. — Hold 



up, stop for the purpose of robbing; waylay. 

[A. S. healdan.] 

SYN. Grasp; retain; support; maintain; 

possess; sustain; regard; consider; cohere. 

ANT. Drop; abandon; surrender; release; 

desert; concede; vacate; cease; break. 
HOLD (hold), n. 1. Act or manner of holding; 

power of seizing. 2. Support. 3. Place 

of confinement. 4. Custody. 5. Fortified 

place. 
HOLD (hold), n. Part of the ship used for the 

cargo. [Dut. hoi, hole.] 
HOLD-ALL (hold'al), n. General receptacle, 

especially a large carpet bag. 
HOLDBACK (hold'bak), n. 1. Check; hindrance; 

restraint. 2. Strap joining the breeching to 

the shaft of a vehicle. 
HOLDER (hold'er), n. 1. One who or that which 

holds. 2. Payee of a bill or note. 
HOLDFAST (hold'fast), n. That which holds 

fast; catch. 
HOLDING (hold'ing), n. 1. Anything held, as 

property, an opinion, etc. 2. Law. A tene- 
ment. 
HOLD-UP (hold'up), n. Act of "holding up" or 

stopping a person, train, etc., for the purpose 

of robbery. 
HOLE (hoi), n. Hollow place; cavity; opening 

in a solid body; pit. [A. S. hoi. Akin to 

HOLLOW.] 
HOLIDAY (hol'i-da), n. Day of amusement, or 

of exemption from work. 
HOLINESS (ho'li-nes), ». State of being holy; 

religious goodness; sanctity. — His Holiness, 

title of the Pope. 
HOLLA (hoi 'a), HOLLO, HOLLOA (hol'6 or 

hol-16'), I. inter j. Ho, there I attend! hello! 

II. n. Loud shout. [Fr. hola.] 
HOLLA (hol'a), vi. [pr.p. HOL LAING; p.t. and 

p.p. HOLLAED (hol'ad).] Shout to one at a 

distance. 
HOLLAND (hol'and), n. Netherlands. 
HOLLAND (hol'and), n. Kind of linen first made 

in Holland. 

Hollander (noi'and- 

er), n. Native of Holland 
or of the Netherlands. 

HOLLANDS (hol'andz), n. 
pi. Gin made in Holland. 

HOLLOW (hol'6), I. a. 1. 
Containing an empty 
space. 2. Unsound; in- 
sincere. 3. Sunken. 4. 
Deep; muffled. II. n. 
1. Hole; cavity; depres- 
sion in a body. 2. Valley. 
[A. S. holh.] 

HOLLOW (hol'6), vt. [pr.p. 

HOLLOWING; p.t. and p.p. HOLLOWED 
(hol'od).] Make hollow; excavate. 

HOLLOWNESS (hol'6-nes), n. 1. State of being 
hollow; depression; cavity. 2. Insincerity; 
deceitfulness. 




Wilhelmina, Queen 
of the Netherlands. 
Born 1880. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



HOLLOWWARE 



578 



HOMUNCULUS 



Hollow arti- 




HOLLOWWARE (hol'6-war), n. 
cles of iron, silver, china, etc. 

HOLLY (liol'i), n. [pi. HOLLIES.] Evergreen 
shrub having leathery, shining, and spinous 
leaves and scarlet or yellow berries, much 
used for Christmas decorations. [A. S. holegn.] 

HOLLYHOCK (hol'i- 
hok), n. Plant with 
large flowers of va- 
rious colors. [HOLY, 
and A, S. hoc, mallow.] 

HOLM (holm or horn), 
n. 1. River islet. 2. 
Rich flat land near a 
river. [A. S.] 

HOLOBLAST (hol'o- 
blast), n. Ovum the 
protoplasm of which 
is wholly germinal. 
[Gr. holos, whole, and 
blastos, germ.] 

HOLOCAINE (ho-lok'a- 
in), n. Chem. Power- 
ful drug used hypo- 
dermically as an an- 
aesthetic. 

HOLOCAUST (hol'o- 
kast),n. 1. Burnt sac- 
rifice. 2. Sacrifice of 
many lives by fire. 
[Gr. holos, whole, and 
kaustos, burnt.] 

HOLSTER (hol'ster), n. 

Leathern case for a pistol. [Dut.] 

HOLY (ho'li), a. 1. Perfect in a moral sense; 
pure in heart; religious. 2. Set apart to a 
sacred use. [A. S. hdlig — hdl, sound, whole.] 

HOMAGE (hom'aj), n. 1. Profession of fealty. 
2. Respect paid by external action. 3. 
Reverence directed to the Supreme Being. 
[Fr. — L. homo, man.] 

HOME (horn), I. n. 1. One's house or country. 
2. Place of constant residence. 3. Seat, as 
of war. 4. Goal, as in field-games. II. a. 

I. Pertaining to one's dwelling or country; 
domestic. 2. Close; severe. III. adv. 1. To 
one's habitation or country. 2. Closely; to 
the point. [A. S. ham.] 

HOME (horn), v. [pr.p. HOMING; p.t. and p.p. 
HOMED (homd).] 1. vt. Bring or send home. 

II. vi. Go or fly home, as a carrier-pigeon. 
HOME-BRED (hom'bred), a. 1. Bred at home. 

native; domestic. 2. Plain; unpolished. 
HOMEFELT (hom'felt), a. Inward; private. 
HOMELESS (hom'les), a. Having no home. 
HOMELINESS (hom'li-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being homely; plainness; rudeness. 
HOMELY (hom'li), a. 1. Pertaining to home; 

familiar. 2. Plain; rude; not handsome. 
HOMEMADE (hom'mad), a. Made at home, 

or in one's own country; plain. 
HOMEOPATHIC (ho-me-o-path'ik), a. Of or 

pertaining to homeopathy. 



Hollyhock (A Zifrosa rosea). 



HOMEOPATHIST (ho-me-opa-thist), n. One 
who believes in or practices homeopathy. 

HOMEOPATHY (ho-me-op'a-thi), n. System 
of curing diseases by small doses of drugs which 
excite symptoms similar to those of the dis- 
ease. [Gr. homoios, like, and pathos, suffering.] 

HOMER (ho'mer), n. Homing pigeon. 

H03IESICK (hom'sik), a. Sick or grieved at 
separation from home. 

HOMESICKNESS (hom'sik-nes), n. State of 
being homesick; nostalgia. 

HOMESPUN (hom'spun), I. a. 1. Spun or 
wrought at home; not made in foreign coun- 
tries. 2. Plain; inelegant. II. n. Cloth 
made at home. 

HOMESTEAD( hom'sted), n. Property occupied 
or set apart as a home. 

H03IEWARD (hom'ward), I. adv. Toward 
home; toward one's habitation or country. 
II. a. Directed toward home. 

HOME WARDS (hom'wardz), adv. Directed or 
turned toward home; homeward. 

H03IICIDAL (hom'i-si-dal), a. Pertaining to 
homicide; murderous bloody. 

HOMICIDE (hom'i-sid), n. 1. Manslaughter; 
murder. 2. One who kills another. [L. homo, 
man, and cwdo, kill.] 

HOMILETICS (hom-i-let'iks), n. Art which 
treats of sermons and the best mode of pre- 
paring and delivering them. [Gr. homiletikos; 
from homilia, homily.] 

HOMILIST (hom'i-list), n. Preacher. 

HOMILY (hom'i-li), n. [pi. HOM'ILIES.] 1. 
Sermon. 2. Serious or tedious exhortation. 
[Gr. homilia — homilos, assembly.] 

HOMING (ho'ming), I. a. Coming or returning 
home, as fcoming-pigeons. II. n. Act of 
returning home. 

HOMINY (hom'i-ni), n. Maize hulled and 
coarsely ground. [American Indian auhu- 
minea, parched corn.] 

HOMMOCK (hom'ok), n. Same as HUMMOCK. 

HOMOGENEAL (ho-mo-je'ne-al), a. Homoge- 
neous. 

HOMOGENEITY (ho-mo-je-nei-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being homogeneous. 

HOMOGENEOUS (ho-mo-jene-us), c. 1. Of 
the same kind or nature. 2. Having the 
constituent elements all similar. [Gr. ho- 
mogenes — homos, same, and genos, kind.] 

HOMOLOGOUS (ho-mol'o-gus), a. Correspond- 
ing in relative position, proportion, value, or 
structure. [Gr. homos, same, and logos, ratio.] 

HOMONYM (hom'o-nim), n. Word of the same 
sound, but of different meaning, as tail, tale. 

HOMONYMIC (hom-o-nim'ik), HOMONYMOUS 
(ho-mon'i-mus), a, 1. Having the same 
name. 2. Characterized or expressed by the 
same term. 

HOMUNCULUS (ho-mung'ku-lus), n. [pi. HO- 
MUNCULI (ho-mung'ku-li).] 1. Fancied wee 
human being produced chemically. 2. Little 
man; manikin. [L., dim. of homus, man.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



HONDURAN 



579 



HOODWINK 



Native or 




Gen. Manuel Bonilla, 
elected president of 
Honduras in 1903. 



HONDURAN (hon-do'ran), 
habitant of Honduras, a 
republic of Central A- 
merica. 

Honduras (hon-do'ras), 

n. Republic, Central 
America. Area 46,262 
sq. m. 

HONE (hon), n. Stone of 
a fine grit for sharpening 
edged tools. [A. S. hdn.] 

HONE (hon), vt. [pr.p. 
HO'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
HONED (hond).] Sharpen 
on a hone. 

HONEST (on'est), a. 1. Just; free from fraud; 
frank. 2. Chaste [L. honestus, full of honor 
— honor, honor.] 

HONESTLY(on'est-li), adv. In an honest manner. 

HONESTY (on'est-i), n. Quality or state of 
being honest. [L. honestas, honorableness — 
honestus. See HONEST.] 

SYN. Integrity; probity; uprightness; 
fairness; sincerity; honor. ANT. Dishon- 
esty; chicanery; trickery; insincerity; de- 
ception; fraud; unfairness. 

HONEY (hun'i), n. Fluid collected by bees from 
flowers. [A. S. hunig.] 

HONEY (hun'i), vt. [pr.p. HONEYING; p.t. 
and p.p. HONEYED (nun 'id).] Address in 
terms of endearment or flattery. 

HONEY-BAG (hun'i-bag), n. Enlargement of 
the alimentary canal of the bee in which it 
carries its load of honey. 

HONEY-BEAR (hun'i-bar), n. Sloth-bear. 

HONEY-BEE (hun'i-be), n. Bee that produces 
honey; specifically, the common hive-bee. 

HONEY-BIRD (hun'i-berd), n. 1. Honey-eater. 
2. Honey-guide. 

HONEYC03IB (hun'i-kom), n. Mass of waxy 
cells formed by bees, in which they store 
their honey. 

HONEY-COMBED (hun'i-komd), a. 1. Like a 
honeycomb. 2. Permeated; corrupted. 

HONEY-EATER (hun'i-e-ter), w. Small bird of 
genus Meliphagidoe; also known as honey- 
sucker. 

HONEY-GUIDE (hun'i-gid), n. Small non- 
passerine bird of the family Indicator idqi, 
supposed to guide men to nests of honey by 
hopping from tree to tree with repetitions of 
a cry which resembles the syllable cheer; also 
called honey-bird and guide-bird. 

HONEY-LOCUST (hun'i-16-kust), n. Pod-bear- 
ing, thorny North American tree {Gleditschia 
triacanthos). 

HONEYMOON (hun'i-mon), n. First month 
after marriage; indefinite period after mar- 
riage when newly married couples enjoy 
themselves with travel or other recreation 
before settling down to married life. 

HONEY-MOUTHED (hun'i-mowtht), a. 
smooth in speech. 




Soft or 



HONEY-SUCKER (hun'i-suk-er), n. Same as 
HONEY-EATER. 

HONEYSUCKLE (hun'i-suk-1), n. 
Climbing shrub with handsome 
fragrant flowers. [A. S. hunisuce.] 
HONG KONG (hang kang). British 
island, China, in Bay of Canton. 
Area 32 sq. m. 
HONOLULU (ho-no-Io'lo), n. Sea- 
port, capital of Hawaii, on 
Oahu Island. 
HONOR (on'ur), n. 1. Esteem due 
or paid to worth. 2. That which 
rightfully attracts esteem; ex- 
alted rank; distinction. 3. Ex- 
cellence of character; nobleness of mind; any 
special virtue much esteemed. 4. 3Iark of 
esteem; title of respect. 5. Academic prize 
or distinction. 6. One of the four highest 
cards in a suit. [L. honor, honor.] 

SYN. Respect; reverence; nobility; emi- 
nence; reputation; fame; credit; glory; re- 
nown; dignity. ANT. Disrespect; con- 
tempt; irreverence; slight; obscurity; degra- 
dation; dishonor; infamy. 

HONOR (on'ur), vt. [pr.p. HONORING; p.t. 
and p.p. HONORED (on'urd).] 1. Hold in high 
esteem; respect. 2. Exalt; treat in a compli- 
mentary manner; dignify. 3. Accept and 
pay when due, as a draft. 

HONORABLE (on'ur-a-bl), a. 1. Worthy of 
honor; illustrious. 2. Actuated by principles 
of honor. 3. Conferring honor; becoming 
men of exalted station. 4. Title of distinction. 

HONORABLENESS (on'ur-a-bl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being honorable. 

HONORABLY (on'ur-a-bli), adv. In an honor- 
able manner. 

HONORARIUM (on-ur-a'ri-um), n. [pi. HON- 
ORARIA.] Honorary fee paid to a profession- 
al man for his gratuitous services. [L.] 

HONORARY (on'ur-ar-i), a. 1. Conferring 
honor. 2. Holding a title or office without 
performing services or receiving a salary. 

HOOD (hod), n. Covering for the head; any- 
thing resembling a hood. [A. S. hod. Akin 
to HAT.] 

HOOD (hod), vt. [pr.p. HOOD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HOODED.] Cover or furnish with a hood. 

HOODED (hod'ed), a. 1. Wearing a hood. 2. 
Having a hood-like part; as, the hooded 
crow. 

HOODLUM (hod'lum), n. Lounging, good-for- 
nothing, quarrelsome fellow; rowdy. (Colloq.) 

HOODOO (ho'do), n. Something that brings 
bad luck. [A corrup. of VOODOO.] 

HOODOO (ho'do), vt. [pr.p. HOODOOING; p.t. 
and p.p. HOODOOED (ho'dod).] Bring bad 
luck to; place under the influence of a hoodoo. 

HOODWINK (hod'wingk), vt. [pr.p. HOOD'- 
WINKING; p.t. and p.p. HOODWINKED (hod'- 
wingkt).] 1. Impose upon; deceive. 2. Blind- 
fold. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met her; mite, mit; note not .move wolf; mute, hut, buru, 
" ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loc/i. 



HOOF 



580 



HORN 



HOOF (hof), n. [pi. HOOFS or (rarely) HOOVES.] 
Horny cov- 
ering on the 
feet of certain 
animals, as 
horses, etc. [A. 
S. hof.] 

HOOF-BOUND 
(hof'bownd), 
o. Having a 
contraction of 
the hoof caus- 
ing lameness. 

HOOFED (hoft), 

HOOK (hok), n. 




Hoof of Horse. 

Ft. Bottom of hoof. Right. Side of hoof 
showing anatomy of the bones in foot. 



a. Furnished with hoofs. 

1. Piece of metal bent into a 

curve, so as to catch or hold. 2. Snare. 3. 

Instrument for cutting grain; sickle. — By 

hook or by crook, one way or the other. [A. S. 

hoc] 
HOOK (hok), v. [pr.p. HOOKING; p.U and p.p. 

HOOKED (hokt).] I. vt. 1. Catch or Mold with 

a hook. 2. Draw as with a hook; ensnare. 3. 

Toss or injure with the horns. II. vi. 1. Be 

bent in the form of a hook. 2. Practice 

hooking. 
HOOKAH (ho'ka), n. Pipe in which the smoke 

passes through water. [Ar. hugga.] 
HOOKWORM (hok'wurm), w. Thread-like in- 
testinal parasite about one-inch long, which 

sucks the blood from the intestine, causing 

anemia and lassitude; also called lazy bug. 
HOOKY (hok'i), n. Truancy from school. 
HOOP (hop or hop), n. Band holding together 

the staves of casks, etc. [Dut. hoep.] 
HOOP (hop), vt. [pr.p. HOOP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HOOPED (hopt).] Encircle with hoops, as 

of a cask or barrel; encircle. 
HOOPOE (ho'po), n. Bird of the genus Upupa, 

of a light color 

marked with buff 

and black, having 

a very long 

bill and a 

hand some 

tufted crest on its 

head. 
HOOP-SNAKE (hop'- 

snak), n. Zool. 

Non-venomous 

snake of southern 

United States, er- 
roneously believed 

to roll like a hoop 

by taking its tail in 

its mouth. 
HOOSIER (ho'zher), 

n. Nickname for an inhabitant of Indiana. 
HOOT (hot), v. [pr.p. HOOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

HOOTED.] I. vi. 1. Shout in contempt. 2. 

Cry like an owl. II. vt. Drive with cries of 

contempt. 
HOP (hop), v. [pr.p. HOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

HOPPED (hopt).] I. vt. Leap over; as, to hop 




Hoopoe (Upupa epops). 



a fence. II. vi. 1. Leap on one foot. 2. Skip 
lightly, as a bird. 3. Limp. 4. Dance. [A. 
S. hoppian, dance.] 

HOP (hop), n. 1. Act of hopping. 2. Dancing 
party; dance. 

HOP (hop), n. 1. Plant (Humulus Lupulus) 
with a long twining stalk. 2. [pi.] Flow- 
ers, cone, or catkin of the plant, used in 
brewing and in medicine. [Dut. hop.] 

HOPE (hop), v. [pr.p. HO'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
HOPED (hopt).] I. vi. 1. Cherish an expecta- 
tion of good. 2. Place confidence. II. vt. Ex- 
pect. [A. S. hopian.] 

HOPE (hop), n. 1. Expectation of good. 2. 
Confidence. 3. He who or that which fur- 
nishes ground of expectation. 4. That which 
is hoped for. 

HOPEFUL (hop'fol), a. 1. Full of hope. 2. 
Having qualities which excite hope; promising 



adv. With hope or 
Without hope; des- 



In a hopeless 



good or success. 

HOPEFULLY (hop'fol-i) 
confidence. 

HOPELESS (hop'les), a. 
perate. 

HOPELESSLY (hop'les-li), adv. 
manner. 

HOPPER (hop'er), n. 1. One who hops. 2. 
Wooden trough through which grain passes 
into a mill. 

HOPPLE (hop'l), vt. and n. Same as HOBBLE. 

HOP-SCOTCH (hop'skoch), n. Children's game 
that takes place on a divided diagram or figure 
marked out on the ground, and played by 
driving a small piece of stone or metal that 
has been thrown with the hand, by kicking 
it with the foot while in the act of hopping 
on one foot from one section to the other. 

HORDE (hord), n. 1. Wandering tribe or clan. 
2. Crowd ; multitude. [Fr. — Turk, ordil, camp.] 

HORIZON (ho-ri'zun), n. 1. Circle where the 
earth and sky 



appear to meet. 
2. Plane or ex- 
tent of view, 
physical or 
mental. — Arti- 
ficial horizon, 
device consist- 
ing of a tray of Artificial horizon, with tray and 
quicksilver set flask of quicksilver. 

beneath a prism of plate glass to form a 
horizon, where a natural one is lacking, in 
order to take celestial observations at sea. 
[Gr. horizo, bound.] 

HORIZONTAL (hor-i-zon'tal), a. Pertaining 
to the horizon; parallel to the horizon; level. 

HORN (harn), n. 1. Hard organ projecting from 
the heads of certain animals, as oxen, etc. 2. 
Material of which horns, hoofs, claws, etc., 
consist. 3. Something made of, or like, a 
horn. 4. Wind-instrument consisting of a 
coiled brass tube. 5. Draft of intoxicating 
liquor. (Colloq.) [A. S.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



HORNBEAM 



581 



HORSE 




Rhinoceros Horn bill. 
Mineral 



of 



HORNBEAM (harn'bem), n. Small beech-like 

tree of Europe and America, the hard white 

wood of which is used by joiners. 
HORNBILL (harn'bil), n. Bird of the genus 

Buceros and of the family 

Bucerotidce and a native of 

Africa. It has the peculiar- 
ity of crushing its prey, 

which consists of reptiles and 

insects, with its. 

enormous bill, 

tossing it up in 

the air, catch- 
ing it again and 

swallowing it 

whole. The rhi- 
noceros horn- 
bill is the most 

powerful of the 

species. 
HORNBLENDE (harn blend), 

various colors, found in granite. 
HORN-BLOWER (harn'bld-er), n. 1. One who 

blows a horn. 2. Same as HORNWORM. 
HORNBOOK (harn'bok), .n. A first book for 

children, which formerly consisted of a single 

leaf set in a frame, with a thin plate of 

transparent horn in front to preserve it. 
HORNBUG (harn 'bug), n. Common North 

American beetle having long curved horn-like 

jaws. 
HORNED-FROG (harnd'frog), n. Zool. Animal 

of the genus Phrynosoma of the iguana 

class found in Cali- 
fornia and the Pacific 

States generally. It 

ranges from four to 

five inches long and 

is characterized by 

its spiny back and 

lizard-like propensities. 

almost exclusively. 
HORNED-OWL (harnd'owl), n. Owl with two 

tufts of feathers on Its head, resembling h-orns. 
HORNET (har'net), n. Large wasp of the genus 

Vespa. The European species is \. crabro, 

and the American species V. maculata. [A. S. 

hymet, dim. of horn.] 
HORNPIPE (harn'pip), 

n. 1. Welsh musical 

instrument. 2. Lively 

air; lively dance. 
HORNWORM (harn'- 

wurm), n. Insect and 

its larva that attack 

and destroy the to- 
bacco plant in the 

northern and eastern 

part of the United 

States. 
HORNY (harn'i), a. 1. 

Like horn; hard; callous. 

or of horn-like substance 




Horned-frog. 
It feeds on insects 




Hornworm {Protoparce 
celeus). 

At top, moth ; at right, larva ; at 
left, pupa. [ReducecLsize.J 

Made of horn, 



HOROLOGY (hor-ol'o-ji), n. Science of deter- 
mining time; art of constructing machines 
for measuring time. 

HOROSCOPE (hor'o-skop), n. 1. Observation 
of the heavens at the hour of a person's birth, 
by which astrology predicts the events of the 
person's life. 2. Representation of the heavens 
for this purpose. [Gr. hora, hour, and skopeo, 
observe.] 

HORRIBLE (hor'i-bl), a. Causing horror. [See 
HORROR.] 

HORRIBLY (hor'i-bli), adv. 1. So as to cause 
horror. 2. To a horrible degree. 

HORRID (hor'id), a. Fit to produce horror; 
shocking. [L. horridus.] 

SYN. Abominable; offensive; awful; 
alarming; dreadful; hideous; fearful; terri- 
ble; terrific; horrible. ANT. Pleasing; 
cheering; attractive; beautiful; fair; allur- 
ing. 

HORRIDLY (hor'id-li), adv. In a horrid manner 
or degree. 

HORRIDNESS (hor'id-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being horrid. 

HORRIFIC (hor-rif'ik), a.. Frightful. 

HORRIFY (hor'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. HORRIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. HORRIFIED (hor'i-fid).] Strike 
with horror. [L. horror, horror, and facto, 
make.] 

HORROR (nor'ur), n. 1. Shuddering; excessive 
fear. 2. That which excites horror. [Lit. 
««a bristling," as of hair. L.; from horreo, 
bristle, shudder.] 

HORSE (hars), w. 1. Well-known quadruped 
{Ectuus caballus). 2. (Collectively) cavalry. 
3. Frame with legs by which something is 
supported. [A. S. hors.] 




Horse (Equus caballus) . 
1. Withers. 2. Crest. 3. Muzzle. 4. Gullet. 5. Arm. 6. Cannon. 
7. Coronet. 8. Fetlock. 9. Pastern. 10. Hoof. 11. Hamstring. 
12. Hock. 13. Croup. 

HORSE (hars), v. [pr.p. HORSING; p.t. and p.p. 
HORSED (harst).] I. vt. 1. Mount on a horse. 
2. Provide with a horse or horses. 3. Bestride. 
II. vi. Get on horseback; mount ahorse. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
. then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



HORSEBACK 



582 



HOSTILELY 







Horse-fly (Tabanus 
lineola). 



HORSEBACK (hars'bak), I. n. Back of a horse. 

II. adv. On a horse's back. 
HORSE-BEAN (hars'ben), n. Large bean (Faba 

vulgaris) fed to horses. 
HORSE-CHESTNUT (hars'ches-nut), w. Bot. 1. 

Large nut-like seed, also known as buck-eye. 

2. Tree that produces it, Msculus glabra. 
HORSE-FLY (hars'fli), n. • [pi. HORSEFLIES.] 

Large fly that stings 

horses; gadfly; breeze. 
HORSE-GUARDS (hars'- 

gardz), n.pl. Cavalry 

employed as guards. 
HORSE -LATITUDES 

(hars'lat-i-tudz), n. pi. 

See cut WINOBELTS. 
HORSE-LEECH (hars'- 

lech), n. 1. Large species of leech, that attacks 

horses in the water. 2. Veterinary surgeon. 
HORSEMAN (hars'man), n. [pi. HORSEMEN.] 

1. Rider on horseback. 2. Manager of horses. 
HORSEMANSHIP (hars'man-ship), n. Art of 

riding, and of training and managing horses. 
HORSEMINT (hars'mint), n. 1. American herb 

(Monarda punctata), of the mint family. 2. 

European wild mint. 
HORSE-PLAY (hars'pla), n. Buffoonery. 
HORSE-POWER (hars'pow-er), n. 1. Power a 

horse can exert. 2. Unit of measure for steam 

power, etc.; power required to raise 33,000 lbs. 

one foot per minute. 
HORSERADISH (hars'rad-ish), n. Plant with a 

pungent root, used in medicine and as a con- 
diment. 
HORSERADISH-TREE 

(hars'rad-ish-tre), n. 

Small tree of the genus 

Moringa, having soft 

wood and a corky bark 

with a root of pungent 

flavor with taste like 

horseradish. Seeds of 

this tree yield a lubri- 
cating oil highly prized 

by watchmakers. The; 

roots are also used in- 
stead of mustard plas- 
ters. Grows extensively 

in Guam, Philippines and 

Malay Archiapelago. 
HORSESHOE (hars'sho), 

n. 1. Shoe for horses, 

consisting of a curved 

piece of iron. 2. Any- 
thing shaped like a 

horseshoe. 
HORSEWHIP (hars'hwip), 

n. Whip for driving 

horses. 

HORSEWHIP (hars'hwip), Horseradish-tree (Mo- 
\ .. "'J"' ringa moringa) . 

vt. [pr.p. HORSEWHIP- W y ' 

PING; p.t. and p.p. HORSEWHIPPED (hars'- 
hwipt).] Strike with a horsewhip; lash. 




HORSEWOMAN (liars 'wom-an) , n. [pi. HORSE'- 
WOMEN (hars'wim-en).] Woman who rides 
on horseback. 

HORSY (hars'i), a. 1. Of or pertaining to horses. 
2. Devoted to horse racing or breeding. 

HORTATIVE (har'ta-tiv), HORTATORY (har'- 
ta-to-ri), a. Admonishing; giving advice. [L. 
hortor, admonish.] 

HORTICULTURAL (har-ti-kul'tur-al), a. Per- 
taining to the culture of gardens. 

HORTICULTURE (har'ti-kul-tur), w. Art of 
cultivating gardens. [L. hortus, garden, and 
CULTURE.] 

HORTICULTURIST (har-ti-kul'tur-ist), n. One 
versed in the art of cultivating gardens. 

HORUS (ho'rus), n. Egyptian solar deity, son of 
Osiris and Isis. 

HOSANNA (ho-zan'a), n. Exclamation of praise 
to God. [Heb. hoshiahnnah, save, I pray!] 

HOSE (hoz), n. [pi. HOSE.] 1. Covering for 
the legs or feet; stockings; socks. 2. Flexi- 
ble pipe for conveying fluids. [A. S. hosa, 
breeches.] 

HOSIER (ho'zher), n. One who deals in hose, 
stockings, socks, etc. 

HOSIERY (ho'zher-i), n. 1. Goods dealt in by 
a hosier; hose in general. 2. Manufactory or 
business of a hosier. 

HOSPICE (hos'pis), n. 1. Cloister and refuge 
for travelers. [Fr. — L. hospes, guest.] 

HOSPITABLE (hos'pi-ta-bl), a. Entertaining 
strangers and guests kindly; showing kindness 
to visitors. [Fr. — L. L. hospito, receive as a 
guest.] 

HOSPITABLY (hos'pi-ta-bli), adv. In a hospi- 
table manner. 

HOSPITAL (hos'pi-tal), n. Building for the re- 
ception and treatment of the sick, wounded, 
etc. [L. L. hospitale — L. hospes, guest.] 

HOSPITALITY (hos-pi-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. HOS- 
PITALITIES.] Friendly welcome and enter- 
tainment of guests. 

HOSPODAR (hos'po-dar), n. Former title of 
princes in Moldavia, etc. 

HOST (host), n. [fern. HOST'ESS.] 1. One who 
entertains a guest at his house. 2. Innkeeper. 
[O. Fr. hoste — L. hospes.] 

HOST (host), n. Army; large multitude. [O. 

Fr. host — L. hostis, enemy.] 
HOST (host), n. Consecrated bread of the Eu- 
charist. [L. hostia, sacrifice.] 
HOSTAGE (hos'taj), n. One remaining with 
the enemy as a pledge for the fulfillment of 
promises. [O. Fr. — L. obses, hostage.] 
HOSTELRY (hos'tel-ri), n. Inn. [See HOTEL.] 
HOSTESS (host'es), n. Feminine of HOST, en- 
tertainer or innkeeper. 
HOSTILE (hos'til), a. 1. Showing enmity. 2. 
Of the enemy. [L. hostilis — hostis, enemy.] 
SYN. Adverse; antagonistic; inimical; 
opposed; unfriendly; warlike. ANT. Friend- 
ly; amicable; kindly; peaceable. 
HOSTILELY (hos'til-i), adv. In a hostile manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \s.h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



HOSTILITY 



583 



HOUSEWORK 



HOSTILITY (hos-til'i-ti), n. [pi. HOSTILITIES.] 
1. Enmity. 2. Hostile deed, specifically, in 
the plural, acts of warfare. 

HOSTLER (hosier), n. Stableman at an inn. 
[O. Fr. hosteller — L. hospes.] 

HOT (hot), a. [comp. HOTTER; superl. HOT'- 
TEST.] 1. Having heat; very warm. 2. Pun- 
gent. 3. Ardent in temper; passionate; fiery. 
[A. S. hat.] 

SYN. Feverish; torrid; pungent; excited. 
ANT. Cold; cool; calm. 

HOTBED (hot'bed), n. 1. Glass-covered bed 
heated for bringing forward plants rapidly. 2. 
Any place favorable to rapid growth. 

HOTBLAST (hot'blast), w. Blast of heated air 
blown into a furnace to raise the heat. 

HOT-BLOODED (hot-blud'ed), a. High spir- 
ited; irritable. 

HOTCHPOTCH (hoch'poch), HODGE-PODGE 
(hoj'poj), n. Confused mass. [Fr. hochepot 
— hocher, stake, and pot, pot.] 

HOTEL (ho-tel'), n. 1. House for the accommo- 
dation of travelers; inn. 2. In France, pal- 
ace; large building; hall. [O. Fr. hostel — L. 
hospitalia, guest-chambers.] 

HOT-HEADED (hot'hed-ed), a. Having warm 
passions; violent; impetuous. 

HOTHOUSE (hothows), n. 
House kept hot for the 
rearing of tender plants. 

HOTLY (hot'li), adv. In a hot 
manner. 

HOTNESS(hot'nes),n. Quality 
or state of being hot. 

HOTSPUR (hotspur), n. Man 
of hot and hasty valor. 

Hottentot (hot'n-tot), n. 

Aboriginal native of the 

Cape of Good Hope. Hottentot. 

HOT WATER (hot wa'ter). 1. Water that has 

been heated. 2. Trouble; difficulties, when 

referring to one as being in hot water. 
HOT-WATER-DISH(hot-water-dish), n. Double 

plate or dish 

with space in 

between as a 

receptacle for 

hot water 

wherewith to 

keep the food 

served warm. 
HOUGH (hok), n. and v. See HOCK. 
HOUND (hownd), n. Dog used in hunting. [A. S. 

hund, dog.] 
HOUND (hownd), vt. [pr.p. HOUNDING; p.t. 

and p.p. HOUNDED.] 1. Hunt with hounds. 

2. Incite to pursuit; set on. 
HOUR (owr), n. 1. Sixty minutes. 2. Time 

indicated by a clock, etc. 3. Time or occa- 
sion. [Gr. hora, season, hour.] 
HOURGLASS (owr'glas), n. Instrument for 

measuring the hours by the running of sand, 

or the like, through a small opening. 





Hot-water-dish. 



HOURI (how'ri), n. Nymph of the Mohammedan 
paradise. [Pers.] 

HOURLY (owr'li), I. a. Happening, or done 
every hour; frequent. II. adv. Every hour; 
frequently. 

HOUSE (hows), n. 1. Building; dwelling-place; 
inn. 2. Household affairs; family; kindred. 
3. Mercantile establishment. 4. One of the 
two branches of a legislature. 5. In astrology, 
twelfth part of the heavens. [A. S. hiis.] 

HOUSE (howz), v. [pr.p. HOUSING; p.t. and 
p.p. HOUSED (howzd).] I. vt. Protect by 
covering; shelter; store. II. vi. Take shelter; 
reside. 

HOUSEBOAT (hows'bot), n. Boat having a 
house arrangement on deck suitable as resi- 
dential quarters. Generally used for inland 
travel on lakes and rivers. 




Houseboat. 

HOUSEBREAKER (hows'brak-er), n. 1. One 
who breaks open and enters a house for the 
purpose of stealing. 2. In England, a house- 
wrecker. 

H JUSEBREAKING (hows'brak-ing), n. Burg- 
lary. 

HOUSEDOG (hows'dog), n. Dog kept to guard 
a house from thieves, etc. 

HOUSE-FLY (hows'fli), n. [pi. HOUSE'FLIES.] 
Common fly {Musca domestica), universally 
distributed. 

HOUSEHOLD (hows'hold), I. n. Those who 
are in the same house, and compose a family. 
II. a. Pertaining to the house and family. 

HOUSEHOLDER (hows'hold-er), n. One who 
occupies a house; head of a family. 

HOUSEKEEPER (hows'kep-er), n. 1. House- 
holder. 2. Woman who manages the house- 
hold. 

HOUSEKEEPING (hows'kep-ing), I. n. Keeping 
or management of a house or of domestic 
affairs. II. a. Domestic. 

HOUSEMAID (hows'mad), n. Maid employed 
in housework. 

HOUSE-WARMING (hows'warm-ing), n. En- 
tertainment given when a family moves into 
a new house. 

HOUSEWIFE (hows'wif), n. [pi. HOUSE'- 
WIVES.] Mistress of a house ; wife of a house- 
holder. 

HOUSEWIFERY (hows'wif-ri), n. Female man- 
agement of the domestic affairs of a house- 
hold; domestic economy. 

HOUSEWORK (hows'wurk), n. Work incident 
to housekeeping. 



ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" iX=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



HOUSE- WRECKER 



584 



HUGUENOT 




Hova. 



HOUSE-WRECKER (hows'rek-er), n. One 
whose business is to tear down and remove 
the debris of old buildings; in England, some- 
times called house-breaker. 

HOUSING(howz'ing),». 1. Ornamental covering 
for a horse; saddle-cloth. 2. [pi.] Trappings of 
a horse. [Fr. housse. Akin to HOLSTER.] 

HoVA (ho'va), n. Mem- 
ber of the dominating 
race in Madagascar. 

HOAE (hov), v. Past tense 
and past participle of 
HEAVE. 

HOVEL (hov'l), n. Small 
or mean dwelling. [Dim. 
of A. S. fco/, dwelling.] 

HOVER (huv'er), vi. [pr.p. 
HOVERING; p.t. and 
p.p. HOVERED (huv'- 
erd).] 1. Remain aloft 
napping the wings; nutter lingeringly about. 
2. Wait in suspense. 3. Move about near. 
[Prob. from A. S. hof, and therefore, lit., 
dwell.] 

HOW (how), adv. and con j. 1. In what manner. 

2. To what extent. 3. For what reason. 4. 
By what means. 5. From what cause. 6. 
In what condition. 7. At what price. [A. S. Tin.] 

HOW (how), n. The manner of doing anything. 

HOWBEIT (how-be'it), conj. Be it as it may; 
nevertheless. 

HO WD AH, HOUDAH (how'da), n. Large, 
canopied seat fixed on an elephant's or camel's 
back. [Ar. hawdaj.] 

HOWDY-DO (how'di-do), n. 1. Salutation. 2. 
Embarrassing state of affairs. 

HOWEVER (how-ev'er), I. adv. In whatever 
manner or degree. II. conj. Nevertheless. 

HOWITZER (how'its-er), n. Short, light can- 
non. [Ger. haubitze — Bohem. haufnice, sling.] 

HOWL (howl), v. [pr.p. HOWLING; p.t. and 
p.p HOWLED (howld).] I. vt. Utter in a yell- 
ing manner. II. vi. 1. Tell or cry, as a wolf 
or dog. 2. Utter a long, loud, whining sound. 

3. Wail. 4. Roar, as a tempest. [Imitative.] 
HOWL (howl), n. 1. Cry of a wolf or dog; pro- 
tracted mournful sound. 2. Wail or cry of 
anguish or distress. 

HOWLER (howl'er), n. One who or that which 

howls. 
HOWLING (ho wl'ing) a. Filled with howling, 

as of the wind or of wild beasts; as, a howling 

wilderness. 
HOWSOEVER (how-so-ev'er), adv. and conj. 

However. 
HOYDEN (hoi'dn), n. Same as HOIDEN. 
HUB (hub), n. 1. Central portion or nave of a 

wheel. 2. Central portion of anything. [A 

form of HOB.] 
HUBBLE-BUBBLE (hub'l-bub-1), n. Hindu 

water-pipe made of the shell of a cocoanut, 

the latter containing water through which 

the smoke passes. 



HUBBUB (hub'ub), n. Confused sound of many 

voices; uproar. 
HUCKABACK (huk'a-bak), n. Coarse variety 

of table-linen, having raised figures on it. 

[Perh. because sold by hucksters with their 

goods on their backs.] 
HUCKLEBERRY (huk'1-ber-i), n. [pi. HUCK'- 

LEBERRIES.] American species of whortle- 
berry. 
HUCKSTER (huk'ster), n. Hawker; peddler of 

garden products. [Dut. heukster — hucken, 

squat.] 
HUDDLE (hud !),». [pr.p. HUDDLING; p.t. and 

p.p. HUDDLED (hud'ld).] I. vi. 1. Hurry in 

disorder. 2. Crowd. II. vt. Throw or crowd 

together in confusion. [Etym. doubtful.] 
HUDDLE (hud'l), n. Confused crowd or col- 
lection. 
HUDSON BAY (hud'sun ba). Inland sea, in 

the N. E. of N. America. Area 510,000 sq. m. 
HUDSON RlVER (hud'sun riv'er). In New 

York, rises in the Adirondacks, falls into New 

York Bay. 
HUE (hu), n. Color; tint. [A. S. hiw, heow, 

structure.] 
HUE (hu), n. Shouting. — Hue and cry, old 

practice of pursuing felons with loud hooting. 

[Fr. huer, hoot.] 
HUFF (huf), v. [pr.p. HUFFING; p.t. and p.p. 

HUFFED (huft).] I. vt. 1. Blow or puff up. 2. 

Hector; bully. II. vi. 1. Swell or dilate. 2. 

Take offense; bluster. [Imitative.] 
HUFF (huf), n. Fit of disappointment or anger; 

offense taken at some real or imaginary wrong 

or slight. 
HUFFISH (huf'ish), a. Given to huff; petulant. 
HUFFISHLY (huf'ish-li), adv. In a huffish 

manner. 
HUFFISHNESS (huf'ish-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being huffish. 
HUFFY (huf'i), a. Petulant; easily offended. 
HUG (hug), v. [pr.p. HUG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

HUGGED (hugd).] I. vt. 1. Embrace closely. 

2. Cherish; cling to. 3. Naut. Keep close to. 

II. vi. Crowd together. [Origin uncertain; 

cf. Ice, huka, sit.] 
HUG (hug), n. 1. Close embrace. 2. Particular 

grip in wrestling. 
HUGE (huj), a. Enormous; monstrous. [O. Fr. 

ahuge, high — root of HIGH.] 

SYN. Gigantic; hulking; massive; strap- 
ping; unwieldy; vast; voluminous. ANT. 

Diminutive; dwarfed; little; pigmy; under- 
sized; minute; stunted. 
HUGELY (huj'li), adv. In a huge manner or 

degree. 
HUGENESS (huj'nes), n. 1. Enormous size. 2. 

Vastness. 
HUGGERMUGGER (hug'er-mug-er), I. n. 

Secrecy. II. a. 1. Clandestine. 2. Slovenly; 

mean. [Sc] 
HUGUENOT (hu'ge-not), n. French Protestant 

of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



HULK 



585 



HUMOR 






HULK (hulk), n. 1. Body of a ship. 2. Old 
ship unfit for service; anything unwieldy. 
[L. L. hulca — Gr. holkas, ship which is towed 
— helko, draw.] 

HULKT (hulk'i), a, Bulky; unwieldy. 

HULL (hul), n. 1. Outer covering; husk; pod; 
shell. 2. Bo*. Calyx; as, the hull of a straw- 
berry. [A. S. hulu — helan, cover.] 

HULL (hul), vt. [pr.p. HULLING; p.t. and p.p. 
HULLED (huld).] Strip off the hull of; husk. 

HULL (hul), n. Frame or body of a ship. 
[From root of HOLE.] 

HULL (hul), v. [pr.p. HULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HULLED (huld).] I. vt. Pierce the hull of (as 
with a cannon-ball). II. vi. Float or drift,. as 
a mere hull. 

HULLABALOO (hul'a-ba-lo), n. Uproar; con- 
fusion; noise. 

HULLO (hul-16'), v., n. and inter J. Same as 
HALLOO. 

HUM (hum), v. [pr.p. HUMMING; p.t. and 
p.p. HUMMED (humd).] I. vi. Make a buz- 
zing sound like bees; utter a low droning 
sound. II. vt. Sing in a low tone. [Imitative.] 

HUM (hum), I. n. 1. Noise of bees or other in- 
sects. 2. Any low, dull noise. II. interj. 
Hem; ahem. 

HUM (hum), vt. [pr.p. HUMMING; p.t. and p.p. 
HUMMED (humd).] Deceive; humbug. 

HUMAN (hu'man), a. 1. Belonging or pertain- 
ing to mankind. 2. Having the qualities of a 
man. [L. humanus — homo, man.] 

HUMANE (hu-manO, a. 1. Having the feeling 
proper to man; merciful. 2. Humanizing. 

S YN. Benevolent ; sympathizing ; benign ; 
kind; tender. ANT. Unkind; cruel; un- 
merciful; inhuman. 

HUMANELY (hu-man'li), adv. In a humane 
manner. 

HUMANIST (hu'man-ist), n. 1. Student of 
polite literature. 2. Student of human na- 
ture. 

HUMANITARIAN (hu-man-i-ta/ri-an), n. 1. 
One who has great regard or love for human- 
ity; philanthropist. 2. One who replaces 
religion by ethics. 

HUMANITY (hu-man'i-ti), n. [pi. HUMANI- 
TIES.] 1. Nature peculiar to a human being. 
2. Kind feelings; benevolence; tenderness. 3. 
Mankind collectively. [L. humanitas.] 

HUMANIZE (hu'man-Iz), v. [pr.p. HUMAN- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. HUMANIZED (hu'man- 
izd).] I. vt. Render human, humane or civil- 
ized. II. vi. Become more human or humane. 

HUMANKIND (hu'man-kind), n. Mankind. 

HUMANLY (hu'man-li), adv. After the man- 
ner of men; like a man. 

HUMBLE (hum'bl), a. [comp. HUMBLER; 
superl. HUMBLEST.] 1. Not high or lofty; 
unpretending. 2. Submissive; lowly; meek. 
[Fr. — L. humilis, low — humus, ground.] 

HUMBLE (hum'bl), vt. [pr.p. HUMBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. HUMBLED (hum'bld).] 1. Make 



Bring to a state 
Make humble. 
Bumblebee. 
n. Quality of 



less lofty or high; lower. 2. 
of subjection; humiliate. 3. 

HUMBLEBEE (hum'bl-be), n. 

HUMBLENESS (hum'bl-nes), 
being humble. 

HUMBLY (hum'bli), adv. In a humble manner. 

HUMBUG (hum'bug), n. 1. Imposition under 
fair pretense. 2. One who so imposes. 
[HUM, deceive, and BUG, specter.] 

HUMBUG (hum'bug), vt. [pr.p. HUMBUGGING; 
p.t. and p.p. HUMBUGGED (hum'bugd).] 
Deceive; hoax. 

HUMDRUM (hum'drum), a. Dull; droning; 
monotonous. 

HUMERAL (hu'mer-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to the humerus. 

HUMERUS (hu'mer-us), n. [pi. HUMERI (hu- 
mer-i).] Anat. 1. Arm from the shoulder 
to the elbow. 2. Bone of the upper arm. [L.] 

HUMID (hu'mid), a. Moist; damp; wet. [L. 
humidus — humeo, be moist.] 

HUMIDITY (hu-mid'i-ti), HUMIDNESS (hu- 
mid-nes), n. Quality or state of being humid. 

HUMIDOR (hu'mi-dar), n. Any receptacle in 
which a certain amount of moisture is main- 
tained, as for cigars. 

HUMILIATE (hu-mil'i-at), vt. [pr.p. HUMIL- 
IATING; p.t. and p.p. HUMILIATED.] De- 
prive of dignity; make humble. [L.L. hu- 
milio.] 

HUMILIATING (hu-mil'i-a-ting), a. Humbling; 
mortifying. 

HUMILIATION (hu-mil-i-a'shun), n. Act of 
humiliating; abasement; mortification. 

HUMILITY (hu-mil'i-ti), n. Lowliness of mind; 
modesty. [Fr. humilite.] 

HUMMING-BIRD 
(hum'ing-berd), 
n. Small bird, ex- 
clusively Amer- 
ican, of brilliant 
plumage and rap- 
id flight, whose 
wings hum when 
hovering. 

HUMMOCK (hum'ok), n. Hillock; clump of 
earth and grass on swampy ground. [Dim. 
of HUMP.] 

HUMOR (hu'mur or u'mur), n. 1. Moisture or 
fluid of animal bodies. 2. State of mind; 
mood. 3. Mental quality which delights in 
ludicrous or mirthful ideas. 4. Exhibition 
of the ludicrous or jocose; drollery; playful 
fancy. [Fr. humeur — L. humor — humeo, be 
moist.] 

SYN. Disposition; caprice; temper; 
freak; fancy; whim; frame; pleasantry; 
facetiousness; wit; jocoseness. ANT. Se- 
riousness; sobriety; gravity. 

HU3IOR (hu'mur or u'mur), vt. [pr.p. HU'MOR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. HUMORED (hu'murd or 
u'murd).] 1. Condescend to; gratify; comply 
with. 2. Accommodate or adapt one's self to. 




Ruby-throat Humming-bird 

(Trochilus colubris). 



«* .at, «*. mr, '^^^^^^Ml^n,^^ 1^%%^' ^ ** ^ 



HU3IORIST 



586 



HURRAH 






HUMORIST (hu'mur-ist or u'mur-ist), n. 1. 

One ruled by caprice. 2. One who pictures 

the humors of people. 3. One who makes use 

of humor in writing or speaking. 

HUMORLESS (hu'mur-les or u'mur-les), a. 

Without humor. 
HUMOROUS (hu'mur-us or u'mur-us), a. 1. 
Capricious. 2. Exciting laughter or mirth; 
amusing; comical; funny. 
HU3IOROUSLY (hti'mur-us-li or u'mur-us-li) , 

adv. In a humorous manner. 
HUMOROUSNESS (hu'mur-us-nes or u'mur- 
us-nes), n. Quality or state of being humor- 
ous. 
HUMORSOME (hu'mur-sum or u'mur-sum), a. 

Capricious; petulant. 
HU3IP (hump), n. Lump or hunch upon the 

back. [Dut. homp.] 
HUMP (hump), vt. [pr.p. HUMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. HUMPED (humpt).] 1. Bend round. 
2. Exert; as, to hump one's self. 3. Vex; 
provoke. 
HUMPBACK (hump'bak), n. 1. Back with a 
hump or hunch. 2. Person with a hump- 
back. 3. Whale of the genus Megaptera, 
HUMPBACKED (hump'bakt), a. Having a 

hump on the back. 
HUMPH (humf), inter j. Exclamation expres- 
sive of doubt, dissatisfaction, or the like. 
HUMPY (hump 'i), a. [comp. HUMP IER; superl. 
HUMP'IEST.] Full of humps or protuberances. 
HUN (hun), n. 1. One of 
a powerful, swarthy, and 
savage nomad race of 
Asia, proabably of Mongo- 
lian or Tartar stock, who 
began to move westward 
in Europe about 372 A. D. 
pushing the Goths before 
them across the Danube, 
and under Attila (443-453) 
overrunning Europe. 2. 
Shortened form of HUN- 
GARIAN. 
HUNCH (hunch), n. 1. Hump, 
push or thrust with the elbow. 
HUNCH (hunch), vt. [pr.p. HUNCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. HUNCHED (huncht).] Give a sudden 
push or thrust with the elbow to. 
HUNCHBACK (hunch'bak), n. One with a 

hunch or hump on his back. 
HUNCHBACKED (hunch'bakt), a. Hump- 
backed. 
HUNDRED (hun'dred), n. 1. Number of ten 
times ten. 2. Division of a county in Eng- 
land. [A. S.] 
HUNDREDFOLD (hun'dred-fold), a. Folded a 

hundred times; multiplied by a hundred. 
HUNDREDTH (hun'dredth), I. a. Coming last 

of a hundred. II. n. One of a hundred. 
HUNDREDWEIGHT (hun-dred-wat), n. 100, 
112 or 120 pounds avoirdupois, according to 
different customs. 





Franz Liszt. Hun- 
garian composer 
and pianist. Born 
1811— Died 1886. 

Have an 



In a hungry 



HUNG (hung), v. Past tense and past participle 
of HANG. 

Hungarian (hung-ga'ri- 

an), I. a. Pertaining to 
Hungary or its inhabi- 
tants. II. n. Native or 
language of Hungary . 

HUNGARY (hung'ga-ri), n. 
Kingdom, S. E. Europe. 

HUNGER (hung'ger), n. 
Desire for food; strong 
desire for anything. [A. 
S. hunger.] 

HUNGER (hung'ger), vt. 
[pr.p. HUNGERING; p.t. 
and p.p. HUNGERED 
(hung'gerd).] 1. Crave food, 
eager desire or longing. 

HUNGRILY (hung'gri-li), adv. 
manner. 

HUNGRY (hung'gri), a. 1. Having eager de- 
sire. 2. Greedy; lean; poor. 

HUNK (hungk), n. Large lump; chunk. [From 
root of HOOK.] 

HUNKS (hungks), n. Covetous fellow; sordid 
miser. 

HUNKY (hungk'i), a. Being in good position; 
all right. (Colloq.) 

HUNT (hunt), v. {pr.p. HUNTING; p.t. and p.p. 
HUNTED.] I. vt. 1. Chase, as wild ani- 
mals, for prey or sport. 2. Direct or manage, 
as a pack of dogs, in pursuit of game. 3. 
Traverse in pursuit of game. 4. Pursue. 5. 
Search for. II. vi. 1. Go out in pursuit of 
game. 2. Make a search or- quest. [A. S. 
huntian.] 

HUNT (hunt), n. 1. Act of hunting game. 2. 
Pack of hunting hounds. 3. Association of 
huntsmen. 4. District hunted over. 5. 
Search. 

HUNTER (hunt'er), n. [fern. HUNT'EESS.] 1. 
One who hunts. 2. Horse used in the chase. 

HUNTSMAN (hunts'man), n. [pi. HUNTSMEN.] 
1. One who hunts. 2. Servant who manages 
the hounds during the chase. 

HURDLE (hur'dl), n. 1. Frame of twigs or 
sticks interlaced. 2. Movable frame of tim- 
ber or iron for gates, etc. [A. S. hyrdel.] 

HURDY-GURDY (hur'di-gur-di), n. [pi. HUR'- 
DY-GURDD3S.] Musical stringed instru- 
ment, like a rude violin, the notes of which 
are produced by the friction of a wheel. 

HURL (hurl), v. [pr.p. HURLING; p.t. and p.p. 
HURLED (hurld).] I. vi. Make a noise by 
throwing; move rapidly. II. vt. Throw with 
violence; utter with vehemence. [From 
HURTLE.] 

HURLY-BURLY (hur'li-bur'li), n. Tumult; 
confusion. [O. Fr. hurler, yell, and a rhyming 
addition, burly.] 

HURON (hu'run), n. Lake between Canada 
and the U. S. Area 23,610 sq. m. 

HURRAH, HURRA (hor-raO, I. inter j. Excla- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



HURRAH 



587 



HUZZA 






mation of excitement or joy. II. n. Shout 
of satisfaction or joy. [Dan. and Sw. hurra.] 

HURRAH (hor-ra/), vi. [pr.p. HURRAHING; 
p.t. and p.p. HURRAHED (hor-rad').] Shout 
hurrah. 

HURRICANE (hur'i-kan), n. Furious storm 
with sudden changes of the wind. [Carib- 
bean hurakan.] 

HURRIED (hur'id), a. 1. Impelled to speed; 
urged on. 2. Marked by haste; done in a 
hurry. 

HURRIEDLY (hur'id-li), adv. In a hurried 
manner; with hurry or haste. 

HURRY (hur'i), v. [pr.p. HUR'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. HURRIED (hur'id).] I. vt. 1. Urge for- 
ward. 2. Hasten. II. vi. Move or act with 
haste. [O. Sw. hurra, whirl round.] 

HURRY (hur'i), n. [pi. HURRIES.] 1. Act of 
hurrying. 2. Precipitation. 3. Music. Stage 
name for a tremolo passage on the violin or 
a roll on the drum. 

HURRY-SKURRY (hur'i-skur-i), I. n. Bustling 
haste. II. adv. In confusion and bustle. 
[HURRY, with the rhyming addition, skurry.] 

HURT (hurt), v. [pr.p. HURT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
HURT.] I. vt. 1. Cause bodily pain to. 2. 
Damage. 3. Wound, as the feelings. II. 
vi. Be hurtful ; cause pain, injury, damage, or 
harm. [O. Fr. hurter, knock, hit.] 

SYN. Pain; injure; harm; bruise. ANT. 
Heal; soothe; console; repair; benefit. 

HURT (hurt), n. 1. Wound or bruise; physical 
injury of any kind. 2. Anything that causes 
mental pain or distress. 3. Damage or detri- 
ment. 

HURTER (hurt'er), n. 1. Shoulder of an axle 
against which the hub strikes. 2. Beam at 
the lower end of a gun-platform to save the 
parapet. 3. Piece of iron or wood fixed to 
the top-rails of a gun-carriage to check its 
motion. [Fr. heurtoir — heurter, dash against 
— O. Fr. hurter, hit.] 

HURTFUL (hurt'fol), a. Causing hurt or loss. 

HURTFULLY (hiirt'fol-i), adv. In a hurtful 
manner. 

HURTFULNESS (hurt'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being hurtful. 

HURTLE (hur'tl), v. [pr.p. HURTLING; p.t. 
and p.p. HURTLED (hur'tld).] I. vt. 1. Swing 
or whirl rapidly. 2. Throw or hurl. II. vi. 1. 
Move rapidly; rush. 2. Clash. [Freq. of 
HURT.] 

HURTLEBERRY (hur'tl-ber-i), n. See WHOR- 
TLEBERRY. 

HUSBAND (huz'band), n. Married man; cor- 
relative of WIFE. [A. S. husbonda, master of 
a house.] 

HUSBAND (huz'band), vt. [pr.p. HUSBAND- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. HUSBANDED.] 1. Sup- 
ply with a husband. 2. Manage with economy. 

HUSBANDMAN (huz 'band-man), n. [pi. HUS- 
BANDMEN.] One who is engaged in agricul- 
ture; farmer. 



HUSBANDRY (huz'band-ri), n. 1. Farming. 

2. Products of the farm. 3. Domestic econ- 
omy; frugal household management. 
HUSH (hush), I. inter j. Silence! be still! II. a. 

Silent; quiet. III. n. Stillness. [Imitative.] 
HUSH (hush), v. [pr.p. HUSHING; p.t. and p.p. 

HUSHED (husht).] I. vt. Make quiet; still; 

silence. II. vi. Be still, silent, or quiet. — 

Hush up, stifle or suppress; also, be silent. 
HUSHABY (hush'a-bi), I. n. Lullaby used to 

lull children to sleep. II. a. Having a 

tendency to lull or quiet. 
HUSH-MONEY (hush'mun-i), n. 3Ioney given 

as a bribe to make one keep silent. 
HUSK (husk), n. Thin covering of certain fruits 

and seeds. [A. S. hulse.] 
HUSK (husk), vt. [pr.p. HUSK'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. HUSKED (huskt).] Remove the husk 

from. 
HUSKED (huskt), a. 1. Covered with husk. 

2. Stripped of husks; as, husked corn. 
HUSKER (husk'er), n. One who husks Indian 

corn. 
HUSKINESS (husk'i-nes), n. State of being 

husky, 
HUSKING (husk'ing), n. 1. The stripping of 

husks. 2. Husking-bee. 
HUSKING-BEE (husk'ing-be), n. Festive 

gathering to assist in husking Indian corn or 

maize. 
HUSKY (husk'i), a. Hoarse, as the voice; rough 

in sound. [A. S. hwosta, cough.] 
HUSKY (husk'i), n. [pi. HUSKIES (husk'iz).] 

Dog used in Arctic regions for drawing sleds. 
HUSSAR (hoz-zar'), n. Light armed cavalry 

soldier. [Hung.] 
HUSSY (huz'i), n. [pi. HUS'SIES.] 1. Pert 

girl; worthless woman. 2. Case; bag. [Cor- 

rup. of HOUSEWIFE.] 
HUSTINGS (hust'ingz), n.pl. 1. Council; court. 

2. Formerly, election booth. 3. Platform. 

[A. S. husting, council.] 
HUSTLE (hus'l), v. [pr.p. HUSTLING (hus'ling) : 

p.t. and p.p. HUSTLED (hus'ld).] I. vt. Shake 

or push together; crowd with violence. II. 

vi. Move or act with energy. [O. Dut. hutsen, 

hutselen, shake to and fro.] 
HUSTLER (hus'ler), n. One who hustles or 

acts with energy. 
HUT (hut), n. 1. Small, rudely constructed 

dwelling; cabin; hovel. 2. Mil. Small tem- 
porary dwelling for troops. [Fr. hutte.] 
HUT (hut), v. [pr.p. HUTTING; p.t. and p.p. 

HUT'TED.] I. vt. Place or quarter in huts. 

II. vi. Take lodgings in huts. 
HUTCH (huch), n. Box; chest; coop for rab- 
bits. [Fr. huche — L.L. hutica, box.] 
HUZZA (hoz-za'), inter j. and n. Shout of joy or 

approbation; hurrah. [Ger.] 
HUZZA (hoz-za'), v. [pr.p. HUZZAING; p.t. 

and p.p. HUZZAED (hoz-zad').] I. vt. Attend 

with shouts of approbation. II. vi. Utter 

shouts of approbation; hurrah. 






fntA fat task- fHr fall fare above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, 
e, fat, task, far, f^t-^re^aoove^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^^ iQ gcotch hch 



wolf: mute, hut, burn, 



HYACINTH 



588 



HYDROGENIZE 




Hyacinth (H. 
orientalis). 



HYACINTH (hi'a-sinth), n. 1. Bulbous-rooted 

fragrant flower of a great 

variety of colors (genus 

Ilyacinthus). 2. Red pre- 
cious stone. 
HyACINTHUS (hi-a-sin'- 

thus), n. Greek Myth. A 

beautiful youth, killed 

while playing quoits with 

Apollo; from his blood the 

god caused the hyacinth 

to grow, or caused its 

petals to be marked 

with Ai, the Greek excla- 
mation of "woe." 
HYADES (hi'a-dez), n.pl. Daughters of Atlas 

and ^Ethra who nursed the infant Zeus. 
HYBRID (hi'brid), I. n. 1. Animal or plant 

produced from two different species. 2. Word 

formed of elements from different languages. 

II. a. Mongrel. [L. hybrida, mongrel.] 
HYDR-, HYDRO-, prefix. 1. Watery. 2. 

Chem. Indicating the presence of water or 

hydrogen. [Gr. hydor, water.] 
HYDRA (hi'dra), n. Greek Myth. 1. Fabled 

water-snake with 

many heads, each 

of which, when cut 

off, was replaced 

by two new ones; 

it lived in Lake 

Lerna, and was 

killed by Hercules. 

2. [h-] Any man- 
ifold evil. [Gr. 

hydra, water- 
snake. Akin to 

OTTER.] 

Hydrangea (hi-dran'- 

je-a), n. 1. Genus of 

shrubby plants with 

large heads of showy 

flowers, native of China 

and Japan. 2. [h-] 

Plant of this genus. 

[HYDR-, and Gr. an- 

geion, vessel.] 
HYDRANT (hi'drant), n. Appliance for drawing 

water from a main pipe; water-plug. [Gr. 

hydor, water.] 
HYDRASTIS (hi-dras'tis), n. Genus of herbs 

including the goldenseal, orange root, and 

yellow puccoon of North America. [HYDR-, 

and Gr. drao, act.] 
HYDRATE (hi'drat), n. Chem. Compound 

formed by the union of water with an oxide. 

[Gr. hydor, water.] 
HYDRAULIC (hl-dra'lik), a. Relating to hy- 
draulics; conveying water; worked by water. 

[Gr. hydor, water, and aulos, pipe.] 
HYDRAULICS (hi-dra'liks), n. Science of hy- 
drodynamics in its practical application to 

water In motion. 




Hydrangea (H. hor- 
tensia). 



HYDRIC (hi'drik), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
hydrogen. 2. Of or pertaining to water. 

HYDRID (hi'drid), n. Chem. Substance con- 
sisting of hydrogen combined with an element 
or some compound radical. 

HYDRO-, prefix. In chemistry HYDRO- is pre- 
fixed to compounds containing hydrogen. 

HYDRO- AEROPLANE (hi-dro-aer-6-plan), ». 
Combination of hydroplane and aeroplane for 
travel both on the water and in the air. 

HYDROCARBON (hi-dro-kar'bon), n. Chem. 
Compound of hydrogen and carbon. [HYDEO- 
and CARBON.] 

HYDROCHLORIC (hi-dro-kld'rik), a. Com- 
pounded of hydrogen and chlorin. [HTDRO- 
and CHLORIC] 

HYDROCYANIC (hi-dro-si-an ik), a. Noting 
acid formed by the combination of hydrogen 
and cyanogen. 

HYDRODYNAMICS (hi-dro-di-nam'iks), n. 
Science that treats of the motions and action 
of water and other fluids, called hydrostatics 
when the system is in equilibrium, hydroki- 
netics when it is not. [HYDRO- and DYNAM- 
ICS.] 

HYDROGEN (hi'dro-jen), n. Gas whose com- 
bustion (combination with oxygen) produces 
water; the lightest of all substances known. 
[HYDRO- and -GEN.] 

HYDROGENATE (hi'dro-jen-at), vt. [pr.p. HY'- 
DROGENATING; p.t. and p.p. HY'DROGEN- 
ATED.] Hydrogenize. 

HYDROGEN-GENERATOR (hi'dro-jen-jen-er- 
a-tur), n. Apparatus for generating hydrogen 
in a pure state for use in aeronautics, by 



an 




Hydrogen Generator. 

liberating the hydrogen from other gases or 

Substances with which it may be combined. 

HYDROGENIZE (hl'dro-jen-iz), vt. [pr.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 






HYDROGENOUS 



589 



HYGIENE 



HY'DROGENIZING; pd. and p.p. HYDRO- 
GENIZED (hi'dro-gen-izd).] Cause to com- 
bine with hydrogen. 

HYDROGENOUS (hi-droj'e-nus), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or containing, hydrogen. 

HYDROGRAPHER (hl-drog'ra-fer), n. One 
versed in hydrography; maker of sea-charts. 

HYDROGRAPHTC (hi-dro-graf'ik), HYDRO- 
GRAPHICAL (hi-dro-graf'ik-al), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, hydrography. 

HYDROGRAPHY (hi-drog'ra-fi), n. Descrip- 
tion of seas, rivers, and other navigable waters; 
art of making sea-charts. [HYDRO- and 
-GRAPHY.] 

HYDROKINETICS (hi-dro-ki-net'iks), n. Sci- 
ence and study of the active and passive 
motion in liquids. [HYDRO- and KINETICS.] 

HYDROLOGY (hi-drol'o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of water and its distribution over the 
surface of the earth. [HYDRO- and -LOGY.] 

HYDROLYSIS (hi-drol'i-sis), n. Chemical de- 
composition by which a compound is re- 
solved into other compounds by taking up the 
element of water. [HYDRO-, and Gr. lysis, 
loosing — lyo, loose.] 

HYDROMEL (hi'dro-mel), n. Honey diluted 
with water. [Gr. hydromeli — hydor, water, 
and meli, honey.] 

HYDROMETER (hi-drom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the specific gravity of liquids, 
the strength of spirituous liquors, etc. [Gr. 
hydrometrion — hydor, water, and metron, meas- 
ure.] 

HYDROMETRIC (hi-dro-met'rik), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or by means of, a hydrometer. 

HYDROMETRY (hl-drom'e-tri), n. Art of using 
the hydrometer. 

HYDROMOTOR (hi-dro-mo'tur), n. 1. Motor 
designed for propulsion of vessels by means of 
water jets. 2. Device attached to a hydrant 
or pipe of running water to generate a motive 
force. 

HYDROPATH (hi'dro-path), n. Hydropathist. 

HYDROPATHIC (hi-dro-path'ik), a. Of or per- 
taining to hydropathy. 

HYDROPATHIST (hi-drop-a-thist), n. One who 
practices hydropathy. 

HYDROPATHY (hi-drop'a-thi), n. Treatment 
of disease by water; hydrotherapy; water- 
cure. [HYDRO- and -PATHY.] 

HYDROPHOBIA (hi-dro-fobi-a), n. Unnatural 
dread of water, a symptom of a disease result- 
ing from the bite of a mad animal, hence the 
disease itself; rabies. [Gr. hydor, water, and 
phobos, fear.] 

HYDROPHONE (hl'dro-fon), n. 1. Appliance 
for finding leaks in water-pipes, 2. Electrical 
device for warning a fleet or fort of a secret 
attack about to be made by war-vessels. 3. 
Telephonic device for use under water. 
[HYDR- and Gr. phone, sound.] 
YDROPHYTE (hi'dro-fit), n. Plant living in" 
water. [Gr. hyddr, water, and phyton, plant.] 



HYDROPLANE (hi'dro-plan), n. 1. Boat which 
skims over the surface of water, being propelled 
by a motor which also operates two or more 
aerial planes called hydroplanes. 2. Large 
wood or metal planes used to raise or depress a 
boat while in the water. [HYDRO- and PLANE.] 




Hydroplane. 

HYDROSTAT (hi'dro-stat), n. Elec. Device used 
to detect moisture or leakage tending to im- 
pair insulation of electric wires. 

HYDROSTATIC (hi-dro-stat'ik), HYDROSTAT- 
ICAL (hi-dro-stat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to hy- 
drostatics. 

HYDROSTATICS (hi-dro-stat'iks), n. Branch 
of science which treats of the conditions of 
pressure and equilibrium in liquids that are 
practically incompressible, as water and 
mercury. [HYDRO- and STATICS.] 

HYDROTHERAPY (hi-dro-ther'a-pi), HYDRO- 
THERAPEUTICS (hi-dro-ther-a-pu'tiks), n. 
Treatment of disease by water, especially 
baths and mineral water used externally and 
internally. [HYDRO- and THERAPY.] 

HYDROUS (hi'drus), a. Containing water. 

HYDROXIDE (hi-droks'id), HYDROXID (hi- 
droks'id), n. Chem. Combination of a me- 
tallic or basic unit with an unisolated com- 
bination of hydrogen and oxygen. [Gr. hydor, 
water, and OXIDE.] 

HYDROXYL(hi-droks'il),w. Chem. Inseparable 
compound radical composed of two or more 
simple elements. 

HYDROXYLAMIN(hi-droks-il-am'in),w. Chem. 
Oxygenated hydrate of ammonia. 

HYENA (hi-e'na), 
n. Bristly-maned, 
carnivorous quad- 
ruped of the dog 
kind, having the 
hind legs shorter 
than the fore. [Gr. 
hyaina, sow.] 

HYETOGRAPH (hi-"' 
et'o-graf), n. Au- 
tomatic rain-gage. 
[Gr. hyetos, rain, and -GRAPH.] 

HYGEIA (hl-je'ya), HyGIEIA (hi-ji-e'ya), n. 
Greek Myth. Daughter of vEsculapius, and 
goddess of health. 

HYGEIAN ( hi-je'an), a. Relating to health and 
its preservation. [Hygeia, goddess of health.] 

HYGIENE (hi'ji-en), n. Science which treats of 
the preservation of health. [Gr. hygieia, 
health.] 




Brown Hyena (Hycena 

brunna) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u-ti in' Scotch gude; oil, ow 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
1, then, \th~ch in Scotch loch. 



HYGIENIC 



590 



HTPNOTIZATION 



HYGRO- 

Pertain- 



Art of 



HYGIENIC (hi-ji-en'ik), a. Relating to hygiene; 

wholesome; sanitary. 
HYGIENICS (hi-ji-en'iks), n. Sanitary science; 

hygiene. [HYGIENE and -ICS.] 
HYGR03IETER (hi-grom'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring the moisture in the atmos- 
phere. [Gr. hygros, wet, and metron, meas- 
ure.] 
HYGROMETRIC (hi-gro-met'rik), 

METRICAL (hi-gro-met'rik-al), a. 

ing to hygrometry. 
HYGROMETRY (hi-grom'e-tri), n. 

measuring the moisture in the atmosphere, 

and in bodies generally. 
HYLAS (hi'las), n. Greek Myth. Youthful boy 

attendant of Hercules who was spirited away 

by nymphs while he was drawing water from 

a fountain in Mysia. 
HYMEN (hi'men), n. 1. Greek Myth. Deity 

presiding over marriage. 2. [h-] Wedlock; 

marriage. 3. [h-] Virginal membrane. [Gr. 

Hymen, god of marriage.] 
HYMENEAL (hi-men-eal), HYMENEAN (hi- 

men-e'an), a. Pertaining to marriage; nuptial. 
HyMENOPTERA (hi-men-op'te-ra), n.pl.Entom. 

Large and extensively varied order of insects, 

being the principal and most important of the 

class Insecta. 
HYMN (him), n. Song of praise or adoration; 

sacred song. [A. S. hymen — L. L. hymnus — 

Gr. hymnos, hymn.] 
HYMN (him), v. [pr.p. HYMNING (him'ing or 

him'ning); p.t. and p.p. HYMNED (himd).] I. 

vt. 1. Celebrate in song. 2. Worship by 

hymns. II. vi. Sing hymns. 
HYMNAL (him'nal), n. Collection of hymns; 

hymn-book. 
HYMNIC (him'nik), a. Relating to hymns. 
HYMNODY (him'no-di), n. Hymns collectively; 

hymnology. 
HYMNOLOGIST (him-nol'o-jist), n. 1. Writer 

or composer of hymns. 2. One skilled in 

hymnology. 
HYMNOLOGY (him-nol'o-ji), n. 1. Science 

which treats of hymns. 2. Collection of 

hymns. 
HYOID (hi'oid), a. Having the form of the Greek 

letter upsilon (V), applied to a bone at the 

base of the tongue. [Gr. hyoeides — the letter 

V, upsilon, andeidos, form.] 
HYP- prefix. See HYPO-. 
HYPER-, prefix. Over; be- 
yond; exceeding. [Gr.] 
HYPERBOLA (hi-per'bo- 

la), n. One of the conic 

sections or curves formed 

when the intersecting 

plane makes a greater 

angle with the base than 

the side of the cone makes. 

[Gr. hyperbole — hyper,he- 

yond, and ballo, throw.] 




HYPERBOLE (hi-perbo-le),n. 



Hyperbola. 
Rhetorical figure 



representing things as much greater or much 
less than they really are; exaggeration. [Gr. 
hyperbole. See HYPERBOLA.] 

HYPERBOLIC (hi-per-bol'ik), HYPERBOLIC- 
AL (hi-per-bol'ik-al), a. 1. Geom. Of or per- 
taining to the hyperbola. 2. Bhet. Of the 
nature of or containing hyperbola. 

HYPERBOREAN (hi-per-bo're-an), a. Belong- 
ing to the extreme north. [Gr. hyper, beyond, 
and Boreas, north wind.] 

HYPERCRITIC (hi-per-krit'ik), n. One who is 
over-critical. [HYPER- and CRITIC] 

HYPERCRITIC (hi-per-krit'ik), HYPERCRIT- 
ICAL (hi-per-krit'ik-al), a. Over-critical; 
captiously censorious. 

HYPEREMIA, HYPEREMIA (hi-per-e'mi-a), 
n. Pathol. Excessive accumulation of blood 
in any part of the body. [HYPER-, and Gr. 
haima, blood.] 

HYPERMETROPIA (hl-per-met-ro'pi-a), HY- 
PERMETROPY (hi-per-met'ro-pi), n. Long- 
sightedness; hyperopia; opposite of MYOPIA. 
[Gr. hyper, beyond, metron, measure, and 
ops, eye.] 

HYPERMETROPIC (hi-per-met-rop'ik), a. Of, 
pertaining to, or affected with, hypermetropia. 

HYPEROPIA (hi-per-6'pi-a), n. Hypermetropia. 
[Gr. hyper, beyond, and ops, eye.] 

HYPERTROPHIC (hi-per-trof'ik), a. Of, per- 
taining to, producing, or tending to, hypertro- 
phy. 

HYPERTROPHIED (hi-per'tro-fid), a. Caused 
or affected by hypertrophy; excessively de- 
veloped. 

HYPERTROPHY (hi-per'tro-fi), n. 1. Pathol. 
Excessive development of the body or any 
organ or part from over-nutrition. 2. Hot. 
Excessive development of one part of a plant 
to the detriment of another part. [HYPER- 
and Gr. trophe", nourishment.] 

HYPHEN (hi'fen), n. Short stroke (-) joining 
two syllables or words. [Gr. hypo, into, and 
hen, one.] 

HYPHENATE (hi'fen-at), vt. [pr.p. HYPHEN- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. HYPHENATED.] Join 
words or syllables by use of a hyphen. 

HYPNOSIS (hip-no'sis), n. 1. Production of 
sleep. 2. Hypnotic state. [Gr. hypnos, sleep.] 

HYPNOTIC (hip-not'ik), I. o. Having the prop- 
erty of producing sleep; soporific. II. n. 
Med. 1. That which tends to produce sleep; 
opiate. 2. One who is subject to hypnotism. 

HYPNOTISM (hip'no-tizm), n. 1. Sleep-like 
condition or somnambulism induced by arti- 
ficial means. 2. Mental therapeutics. 

HYPNOTIST (hip'no-tist), n. One who pro- 
duces hypnotism. 

HYPNOTISTIC (hip-no-tis'tik), a. Pertaining 
or tending to hypnotism. 

HYPNOTIZABLE (hip'no-ti-za-bl), a. Capable 
of being hypnotized. 

HYPNOTIZATION (hip-no-ti-za'shun), n. Act 
of hypnotizing or state of being hypnotized. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



HYPNOTIZE 



591 



HYSTEROMANIA 



HYPNOTIZE (hip'no-tiz), vt. [pr.p. HYPNO- 
TIZING; p.t. and p.p. HYPNOTIZED (hip'no- 
tizd).] Subject to hypnotism; produce hyp- 
notic sleep in. 

HYPNOTIZER (hip'no-tl-zer), n. One who hyp- 
notizes; hypnotist. 

HYPO-, HYP-, prefix. Under; beneath; behind; 
down; less than. [Gr.] 

HYPOBLAST (hi'po-blast), n. Bot. Flat or 
dorsal side of a blade of grass or grass-like 
plant. [HYPO-, and Gr. blastos, sprout.] 

HYPO CHLORIC (hi-po-klorik), n. Chem, Di- 
oxid of chlorin, an acid. 

HYPOCHLORITE (hi-po-kld'rit), n. Chem. 
Salt of hypochloric acid. 

HYPOCHONDRIA, (hip-o-kon'dri-a), n. Nerv- 
ous malady, often arising from indigestion 
and tormenting the patient with imaginary 
fears. [Gr. hypo, under, and chondros, car- 
tilage.] 

HYPOCHONDRIAC (hip-o-kon'dri-ak), I. a. 1. 
Pertaining to or connected with the hypochon- 
drium. 2. Of the nature of, or affected with, 
hypochondria. II. n. Person affected with 
hypochondria. 

HYPOCHONDRIUM (hip-o-kon'dri-um), n. [pi. 
HYPOCHONDRIA.] Anat. Region of the 
abdomen situated on either side, under the 
costal cartilages and short ribs. [L.] 

HYPOCRISY (hip-ok'ri-si), n. A feigning to be 
what one is not; concealment of true char- 
acter specifically, simulation of virtue or 
piety. [Gr. hypokrisis — hypo, under, and kri- 
nomai, contend.] 

HYPOCRITE (hip'o-krit), n. One who prac- 
tices hypocrisy. [Gr. hypokrites, actor, dis- 
sembler.] 

SYN. Dissembler; pretender; cheat; de- 
ceiver; feigner; impostor. The hypocrite 
feigns to be what he is not, the dissembler 
not to be what he is. ANT. Saint; believer; 
bigot; fanatic. 

HYPOCRITICAL (hip-o-krit'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to hypocrisy; dissimulating. 

HYPODERMIC (hi-po-der'mik), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to parts immediately underlying the 
dermis or true skin; specifically applied to 
medical treatment by injection under the 
skin. II. n. Medicine introduced into the 
system by injection under the skin. [HY- 
PO- and DERMIC] 

HYPOPHOSPHITE (hi-p6-fos'fit), n. Chem. 
Salt of hypophosphoric acid, applied especially 
to certain medicinal salts; as, the hypophos- 
phites of potassium, sodium, and calcium. 
[HYPO- and PHOSPHITE.] 

HYPOSCOPE (hipo-skop), n. Mil. Device, 
adjusted with mirrors, by which guns that 
are concealed or hidden can be accurately 
aimed. 

HYPOPHOSPHORIC (hi-p6-fos-for'ik), a, Chem. 
Having elements of phosphoric acid but 
with a diminished quantity of oxygen. 



HYPOTENUSE (M-pot'e-nus), HYPOTHE- 
NUSE (hi-poth'e-nus), n. Side of a right- 
angled triangle opposite the right angle. [Gr. 
hypo, under, and teino, stretch.] 

HYPOTHECATE (hi-poth'e-kat), vt. [pr.p. HY- 
POTHECATING; p.t. and p.p. HYPOTHE- 
CATED.] Assign as security for a creditor; 
mortgage. [L.L. hypotheca — Gr. hypotheke, a 
pledge — hypo, under, and tithemi, place.] 

HYPOTHECATION (hi-poth-e-ka'shun), n. Act 
of hypothecating or state of being hypothe- 
cated. 

HYPOTHECATOR (hi-poth'e-ka-tur), n. One 
who hypothecates. 

HYPOTHESIS (hi-poth'e-sis), n. [pi. HYPOTH- 
ESES (hi-poth'e-sez).] Supposition; proposi- 
tion assumed for the sake of argument; theory 
to be proved or disproved by reference to facts. 
[Gr., supposition — hypo, under, and tithSmi, 
place.] 

SYN. Speculation; conjecture; guess. 
ANT. Fact; certainty; demonstration; proof. 

HYPOTHETIC (hi-po-thet'ik), HYPOTHET- 
ICAL (hi-po-thet'ik-al), a. Belonging to a 
hypothesis; conditional. [Gr. hypothetikos, 
supposed.] 

HYPOTHETICALLY (hi-po-thet'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a hypothetical manner; conjecturally. 

HYPOTYPOSIS (hi-po-ti-po'sis), n. Bhet, Vivid 
description of a scene. [Gr.] 

HYSON (hi'sn), n. Kind 
of green tea. [Chin., 
spring crop.] 

HYSSOP (his'up), n. 
Aromatic plant of the 
mint family. [Gr hys- 
sopos — Heb. ezoph.l 

HYSTERESIS (his-te-re'- 
sis), n. Elec. Deteri- 
oration in the con- 
ductive properties of 
wire used for the trans- 
mission of electric current. 

HYSTERIA (his-te'ri-a), n. Pathol. Nervous 
disorder occurring in paroxysms varying in 
severity from a simple fit of uncontrollable 
laughter or weeping to one resembling the 
most severe epileptic convulsion. A pecu- 
liarity of the disease is the simulation of 
many other grave diseases. It usually comes 
on with the sensation as of a ball rising in the 
throat; hysterics. [Gr. hystera, womb.] 

HYSTERIC (his-ter'ik), HYSTERICAL (his- 
ter'ik-al), a. 1. Affected with or due to hyste- 
ria or hysterics. 2. Spasmodically emotional. 

HYSTERICALLY (his-ter'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
hysterical manner. 

HYSTERICS (his-ter'iks), n.pl. 1. Uncontrol- 
lable hysterical spasms. 2. Hysteria. 

HYSTEROMANIA (his-ter-o-ma'ni-a), n. Hys- 
terical mania, often marked by erotic de- 
lusions and an excessive desire for attention. 
[Gr. hystera, womb, and MANIA.] 




Hyssop (Hyssopiis 

officinalis) . 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



592 



ICELAND-AGATE 




w 

» 



(i), n. [pi. I'S (iz).] Third 
vowel and ninth letter of the 
English alphabet. It has two 
principal sounds: (1) a long 
sound as in bind, and (2) a 
short sound as in fit. It has 
also three minor sounds: 

(1) like e in her, as in bird; 

(2) the sound of long e, as 
in machine; (3) the consonantal sound of y, 
when followed by a vowel, as in million. 

I (i), n. In metahpysics, the conscious thinking 
subject; the ego. 

I (i), pron. [poss. MY or MINE; object. ME; pi. 
nom. WE; poss. OUR or OURS; object. US.] 
Nominative case singular of the pronoun of 
the first person; pronoun by which a speaker 
or writer denotes himself or herself. [A. S. ic] 

IACCHUS (I-ak'us), n. Greek Myth. A Grecian 
divinity in charge of the Eleusinian temple of 
mysteries belonging to the gods. 

IAMBIC (i-am'bik), a. 1. Of or pertaining to the 
iambus. 2. Composed of iambics. 

IAMBIC (i-am'bik), n. Pros. 1. Iambus. 2. 
[pi.] Verse composed of iambic feet. 

IAMBUS (i-am'bus), n. [pi. IAMBI (i-am'bi).] 
Metrical foot of two syllables, the first short 
and the second long, or the 
first unaccented and the 
second accented. [L. iam- 
bus — Gr. iambos.] 

IMPETUS (i-ap'e- 
tus), n. Greek 
Myth. Son of Ura- 
nus and Gaea and 
father of Prome- 
theus. Hurled into 
Tartarus by Zeus 
as a punishment. 

IBEX (i'beks),n. Sub- 
genus of wild goat 
with large recurved 
horns, inhabiting 

the Alps and other mountainous regions, 
[i-] Any goat of the subgenus Ibex. [L.] 

IBIDEM (i-bi'dem), adv. In the same place [L. 

IBIS (i'bis), n. 1. Genus 
of wading birds like 
the stork, one species 
of which was wor- 
shiped by the ancient 
Egyptians. 2. [i-] Bird of 
any species of the genus 
Ibis. 

ICARIAN (i-ka'ri-an), a. Per- 
taining to or like Icarus; 
too venturesome in flight 
or enterprise. [See ICARUS.] 

ICARUS (ik'a-rus), n. Greek 
Myth. Son of Daedalus, 
who made himself wings 
with which to fly from 
Crete; these were fixed to the shoulders by 




Ibex. 



2. 




Sacred Ibis (Ibis 
religiosa). 



wax; Icarus flew too near the sun, and the 
heat melting the wax, he fell and was 
drowned. [Gr. Ikaros.] 

ICE (is), n. 1. Water congealed by freezing. 
2. Concreted sugar. 3. Frozen, sweet, and 
flavored kind of pudding. [A. S. Is.] 

ICE (is), vt. [pr.p. I'CING; p.t. and p.p. ICED 
(ist).] 1. Cover with ice. 2. Freeze; refrig- 
erate. 3. Cover with icing. 

ICE-AGE (is'aj), n. Geol. Glacial period. 

ICE-BELT (is 'belt), n. Belt of ice along the 
shores in arctic regions. 

ICEBERG (Is'berg), n. Huge mass of floating 
ice. [Sw. isberg — is, ice, and berg, mountain.] 

ICE-BLINK (is'blingk), n. Light reflected from 
ice near the horizon. 

ICE-BOAT (is'bot), n. 1. 
Boat used for forcing 
a passage through ice. 
2. Craft on runners, 
for sailing on ice. 

ICE-BOUND (is'- 
bownd), a. Sur- 
rounded by, 
hemmed in, or 
beset with, ice. 

ICE-BOX(is'boks),. 
n. Small refrig- 
erator. 

ICE-CREAM (is'- 

krem), n. Cream or custard sweetened, fla- 
vored, and artificially frozen. 

ICED (ist), a. 1. Converted into or covered with 
ice; frozen. 2. Made cold with ice, as iced 
tea. 3. Covered with icing; frosted. 

ICE-DRIFT (is'drift), n. Collection of loose or 
floating ice. 

ICE-FIELD (is'feld), n. Large field or sheet of 
ice. 

ICE-FLOE (is'flo), n. Large isolated sheet of 
floating ice. 

ICE-HOUSE (is'hows), n. House for preserving 
or storing ice. 




Ice-boat. 




Ice-house. 

ICE-JAM (is'jam), n. Obstructing mass of frag- 
mentary ice piled up by the current. 

ICELAND (island), n. Danish island, N. At- 
lantic, S. of Polar Circle. 

Iceland-agate (isiand-ag-at), n. Rare 

species of volcanic glass-agate found in the 
vicinity of Mount Hekla, in Iceland. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



ICELAND-CRYSTAL 



593 



ICING 




Iceland-crystal (isiand-kris-tai), n. Min. 

Crystallized carbonate of calcium, found in 
the Arctic regions, remark- 
able for its brilliancy; large- 
ly used for imitation of 
precious stones. 

Iceland-dog (is'iand-dog), 

n. White shaggy-haired dog, 

found almost exclusively in 

Iceland and used for trac- 
tion purposes, drawing sleds, 

timber, etc., over the ice and 

snow. 
ICELANDER (is'land-er), n. AlbertBe rtel Thor- 

Native of Iceland. waldsen, Icelandic 

ICELANDIC (is-lan'dik), I. a. sculptor. Born at 

Of or pertaining to Iceland 

II. n. Language of Iceland, 
ICELAND-MOSS (Is 'land-mas), n. Lichen found 

in Iceland, Norway, etc., 

valuable as a medicine 

and for food. 

Iceland-spar cis'iand- 

spar), n. Transparent 
variety of calcite or cal- 
cium carbonate. 

ICE-LEAD (is'led), n. 
Channel temporarily 
opened up through an ice- 
field, and liable to be T 
~i„„,..i „+ „..„™~»««„+ h^ Iceland-moss (Cetra- 
closed at any moment by ria Is i a7i ai ca ). 
the movement of the ice. 

ICE-MACHINE (is'ma-shen), n. Mechanical 
apparatus for manufacturing artificial ice. 



sea, 1770— died 
1844. 








Ice-machine. 

ICEMAN (is 'man), n. [pi. ICE'MEN.] 1. Dealer 
in ice. 3. Man skilled in travel upon or 
among blocks of ice. 3. One who delivers 
ice to customers. 4. Managing official of an 
ice skating-rink. 

ICE-MARKER (is'mark-er),n. Device for mark- 
ing grooves in ice, which is to be cut Into blocks. 

ICE-MILL (Is'mil), n. Nearly vertical shaft or 
cavity worn in a glacier by the running down 
of water, into which a stream of water pours 
in a subglacial cascade. 



ICE-PICK(is'pik), n. Small, sharp-pointed pick, 
used in breaking ice for domestic use. 

ICE-PLANT (is 'plant), n. Bot.l. Plant (Mesem- 
bryanthemum crystallinum) having leaves 
which glisten in the sun as if covered with ice. 
Its ashes are used in the manufacture of 
glass. 2. Montropa uniflora, commonly known 
as the American ice-plant, 

ICE-PLOW (is 'plow), n. Instrument for cutting 
grooves in ice to facilitate its removal. 

ICE-SAW (Is'sa), n. Large saw for cutting 
through ice to free ships, etc. 

ICE-SCOOTER (is'skot-er), n. Combination of 
sailing-yacht and ice-boat, designed for sail- 
ing both in the water and on the ice. 

ICE-WATER (is'wa-ter), n. 1. Iced water. 2. 
Water from melted ice. 

ICE-WOOL (is'wol), n. Same as EIS-WOOL. 

ICHNEUMON (ik-nu'mun), n. Small carnivo- 
rous animal in Egypt, famed for destroying the 
crocodile's eggs. [Gr. ichneuo, hunt — ichnos, 
track.] 

ICHNEUMON-FLY (ik-nii'mun-fli), n. One of 
an extensive tribe of hy- 
menopterous insects that 
live on the honey and pol- 
len of flowers. 

ICHNOGRAPHIC (ik-no- 
graf'ik), ICHNOGRAPH- 
IC AL (ik-no- 
graf'ik-al), a. 
Pertaining to 
ichnography. 

ICHNOGRAPHY 
(ik-nog'ra-fi), 
n. Ground- 
plan of a work or building, 
and grapho, write.] 

ICHOR (i'kur), n. Med. Watery acid discharged 
from a wound. [Gr.] 

ICHOROUS (l'kur-us), ICHOROSE (i'kur-6s), a. 
Full of, mingled with, or resembling, ichor. 

ICHTHYOLOGICAL (ik-thi-o-loj'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to ichthyology. 

ICHTHYOLOGIST (ik-thi-ol'o-jist), n. One 
skilled in ichthyology. 

ICHTHYOLOGY (ik-thi-ol'o-ji), n. Branch of 
zoology that treats of fishes. [Gr. ichthys, 
fish, and -OLOGY.] 

ICHTHYOPHAGOUS (ik-thi-of'a-gus), a. Eat- 
ing, or subsisting on, fish. [Gr. ichthys, fish, 
and phago, eat.] 

Ichthyosaurus (ik-thi-o-sa/rus), n. Genus 

of extinct marine reptiles. [Gr. ichthys, fish, 

and sauros, lizard.] 
ICICLE (i'si-kl), n. Hanging point of ice, formed 

by the freezing of dripping water. [A. S. 

is-gicel, ice-peg.] 
ICILY (i'si-li), adv. In an icy, cold, or frigid 

manner. 
ICINESS (i'si-nes), n. Quality or state of being 

icy. 
ICING (i'sing), w. Sugar frosting for cake. 




Ichneumon-fly (Musca 
vibrante). 

[Gr. ichnos, track, 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met her; mite, mlt; note, not move wolf ; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch locn. 



ICON 



594 



IDIOM 





> 



ICON (I'kon), n. An image or portrait, espe- 
cially of Christ, an angel or saint. [Gr # 
eikon, image.] 

ICONOCLASJI (i-kon'- 
o-klazm), n. 1. Act 
or practice of break- 
ing images. 2. Act 
or practice of attack- 
ing established be- 
liefs or institutions. 
[Gr. eikon, image, 
and klao, break.] 

ICONOCLAST (i-kon'- 
o-klast), n. 1. Break- 
er of images or idols. 
2. One who fights 
shams; reformer; Icon. 

radical. 

ICY (i'si), a. Like ice; frosty; cold. 

IDA (i'da), n. 1. Mountain in Crete. 2. Moun- 
tain range in Asia Minor. 

IDAHO (i'da-ho), n. One of the United States. 
Area 84,800 sq. m. Capital, Boise. 

IDE (id), n. Ichth. Small fresh-water fish 
greatly resem- 
bling the roach. 
Found exten- 
sively in the 
northern parts 
of Europe and 
North America. 
[Norw.] 

IDEA (i-de'a), n. 1. 
2. Thought; mental 
idea — idein, see.] 

SYN. Notion; belief; opinion; plan; de- 
sign; intention; fancy; sentiment; concept; 
conceit; view; estimate; consideration; im- 
pression; theory. ANT. Actuality; fact; 
reality; substance; materialization. 

IDEAL (i-de'al), a. 1. Existing in idea; mental. 
2. Highest and best conceivable, perfect; as 
opposite to the REAL, the IMPERFECT. 3. 
Unreal; visionary. 4. Idealistic. 

SYN. Fancied; imaginary; fanciful. ANT. 
Actual; real; substantial; tangible. 

IDEAL (i-de'al), n. Conceived standard or 
model of perfection or excellence. 

SYN. Model; standard; pattern; idea; 
archetype; prototype. ANT. Incarnation; 
reality; embodiment. 

IDEALISM (i-de'al-izm), n. 1. Doctrine that 
the objects of external perceptions are not 
material but ideas. 2. Tendency towards the 
highest conceivable perfection. 

IDEALIST (i-de'al-ist), n. 1. One who indulges 
in flights of fancy. 2. Supporter of the doc- 
trine of idealism. 

IDEALISTIC (i-de-al-is'tik), a. Pertaining to 
idealism or idealists. 

IDEALITY (i-de-al'i-ti), n. 1. Ideal state. 2. 
Ability and disposition to form ideals of beauty 
and perfection. 



Ide (Idus melanotus). 
Mental image; conception, 
view; purpose. [Gr. 



SYN. Fancy; creativeness; genius. ANT. 
Imitation; uninventiveness. 

IDEALIZATION (i-de-al-i-zashun), n. Act of 
forming an ideal, or of raising to the highest 
conception. 

IDEALIZE (i-de'al-iz), v. [pr.p. IDE'ALIZING: 
p.t. and p.p. IDEALIZED (i-de'al-izd).] I. vt. 
Raise to the highest conception. II. vi. Form 
ideals. 

IDEALLY (I-de'al-i), adv. In an ideal manner. 

IDEM (i'dem), adv. Same as before; often used 
abbreviated as id. [L., same.] 

IDENTICAL (i-den'tik-al), a. Very same; not 
different. [L. idem, the same.] 

SYN. Synonymous; equal; equivalent; 
unaltered. ANT. Antithetical; contrary; 
converse ; antagonistic ; conflicting ; counter ; 
opposite; reverse. 

IDENTICALLY (I-den'tik-al-i), adv. In exactly 
the same manner. 

IDENTIFIABLE (i-den'ti-fi-a-bl), a. Capable 
of identification. 

IDENTIFICATION (i-den-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. Act 
of identifying or state of being identified. 

IDENTIFY (i-den'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. IDENTD7YING; 
p.t. and p.p. IDENTIFIED (i-den'ti-fid).] 1. 
Make to be the same. 2. Ascertain or prove 
the identity of. 3. Unite one's self with in in- 
terests, aims, etc. [L. idem, the same, and facio, 
make.] 

IDENTITY (I-den'ti-ti), n. [pi. IDENTITIES.] 
State of being the same; sameness. 

IDEOGRAPH (i'de-6-graf), n. Such a character 
or symbol as represents an idea without ex- 
pressing its name. [Gr. idea, idea, and grapho, 
write.] 

IDEOGRAPHIC (i-de-6-graf'ik), IDEOGRAPH- 
ICAL (i-de-6-graf ik-al), a. Representing ideas 
by pictures or directly instead of by words. 

IDEOGRAPHICALLY (i-de-6-graf'ik-al-i), adv. 
In an ideographical manner. 

IDEOGRAPHY (I-de-og'ra-fi), n. Representa- 
tion of ideas by symbols, with disregard of the 
sounds of words. 

IDES (idz), n.pl. In Ancient Rome, the 15th 
day of March, May, July, Oct., and the 13th 
of the other months. [L. idus, of Etruscan 
origin.] 

ID EST (id est). That is; that is to say. 
Usually abbreviated by the use of the letters 
i. e. [L.] 

IDIOCY (id'i-o-si), n. State of being an idiot. 
[Formed from IDIOT, as FREQUENCY from 
FREQUENT.] 

SYN. Imbecility; stupidity; fatuity; fool- 
ishness; folly. ANT. Sense; sagacity; intel- 
ligence; judgment. 

IDIOELECTRIC (id-i-6-e-lek'trik), a. Electric 
by virtue of its own peculiar properties. 

IDIOM (id'i-um), n. 1. Mode of expression 
peculiar to a language. 2. Variety of a lan- 
guage; dialect. [Gr. idioma, peculiarity — 
idios, one's own.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gu.de; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



. 



IDIOMATIC 



595 



IGNORANT 



IDIOMATIC (id-i-6-mat'ik), IDIOM ATICAL (id- 
i-6-mat'ik-al), a. Conformed or pertaining to 
the idioms of a language. 

IDIOPATHIC (id-i-o-pathik), a. Pathol. Of the 
nature of, or pertaining to, idiopathy. 

IDIOPATHY (id-i-6p'a-thi), n. [pi. IDIOP'- 
ATHIES.] Pathol. A primary disease, one 
not occasioned by another. [Or. idios, peculiar, 
and pathos, suffering.] 

IDIOSYNCRASY (id-i-o-sin'kra-si), n. 1. Pecu- 
liarity of temperament or constitution; char- 
acteristic of a person. 2. Eccentricity. [Gr. 
idios, own, peculiar, syn, together, and krasis, 
mixture.] 

SYN. Characteristic; temperament; sin- 
gularity; eccentricity. ANT. Generality; 
universality. 

IDIOT (id'i-ut), n. One deficient in ordinary 
intellect. [Gr. idiotes, private citizen, layman, 
ignoramus.] 

SYN. Fool; imbecile; simpleton. ANT. 
Luminary; sage. 

IDIOTIC (id-i-ot'ik), a. Characteristic of an 
idiot; foolish; silly. 

IDIOTISM (id'i-ut-izm), n. State of being an 
idiot. 

IDLE (i'dl), a. 1. Vain; trifling; useless. 2. 
Unemployed. 3. Averse to labor. [A. S. idel, 
idle.] 

SYN. See INDOLENT. 

IDLE (i'dl), v. [pr.p. IDLING; p.t. and p.p. 
IDLED (i'dld).] I. vt. Spend in idleness. II. 
vi. Be idle or unoccupied. 

IDLENESS (i'dl-nes), n. State of being idle. 
SYN. Inaction; indolence; sloth; lazi- 
ness. ANT. Activity; industry; hustle. 

IDLER (I'dler), n. One who idles. 

IDLY (I'dli), adv. In an idle manner. 

iDO (e-do'), n. New universal language, based 
mainly upon Esperanto. The name means 
descendant, and is analogous to the termina- 
tion -ite, as used in Hittite, Semite, etc., the 
idea being that Ido is the descendant of all 
languages, the roots which form it being those 
which are common to 
most of them. 

IDOL (i'dul), n. 1. Image 
of an object of worship. 
2. Person or thing too 
much loved or honored. 
[Gr. eiddlon — eidos, what 
is seen — eidomai, ap- 
pear.] 

IDOLATER (i-dol'a-ter), 
n. [fern. IDOL'ATRESS.] 

1. Worshiper of idols. 

2. Great admirer. 
IDOLATROUS (i-dol'a- 

trus), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to idolatry. 2. 
Given to or practicing 
idolatry. 
IDOLATRY (i-dol'a-tri), n. [pi. IDOL'ATRIES.] 




Idol. 




I. Worship of idols. 2. Excessive love. [Gr. 
eidolon, idol, and latreia, service.] 

IDOLIZE (i dul-Iz), vt. [pr.p. IDOLIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. IDOLIZED (i'dul-izd).] 1. Make an 
idol of; love to excess. 2, Worship idol a - 
trously. 

IDOMENUS (i-dom'e-nus), n. Greek Myth. 
King of Crete who engaged in the Trojan 
war. 

IDYL, IDYLL (i'dil), n. Short descriptive or 
narrative poem, chiefly on pastoral subjects. 
[Gr. eidyllion, dim. of eidos, image.] 

IDYLLIC (i-dil'ik), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
idyls. 2. Of the nature of an idyl. 

IF (if), cony. 1. In case that; on condition that; 
supposing that. 2. Whether. [A. S. gif.~\ 

IGLOO (ig'lo), n. 1. 
Eskimo hut, usu- 
ally of a circular 
form and made of 
snow. 2. Exca- 
vation made in 
the snow by a 
seal. [Eskimo.] 

IGNEOUS (ig'ne- -te 100 - 

us), o. 1. Pertaining to, consisting of, or 
like, fire. 2. Produced by the action of flre. 
[L. igneus — ignis, fire.] 

IGNIS FATUUS (ig'nis fat'u-us). [pi. IGNES 
FATUI (ig'nez fat'u-i).] Phosphorescent light, 
often seen over marshy places; will-o-the- 
wisp. [L. ignis, fire, and fatuus, foolish.] 

IGNITE (ig-nit), v. [pr.p. IGNI'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. IGNI'TED.] I. vt. Set on fire; kindle. 

II. vi. Take fire; burn. 

IGNITER (ig-ni'ter), n. One who or that which 
ignites. 

IGNITIBLE (ig-ni'ti-bl), a. Capable of being 
ignited; easily kindled. 

IGNITION (ig-nish'un), n. 1. Act of setting on 
fire. 2. State of being kindled. 

IGNOBLE (ig-no'bl), a. 1. Of low birth. 2. 
Mean; worthless; dishonorable. [Fr. — L. 
ignobilis — in, not, and nobilis, noble.] 

SYN. Mean; base; dishonorable; lowly. 
ANT. Honorable; noble; exalted. 

IGNOBLY (ig-no'bli), adv. In an ignoble manner. 

IGNOMINIOUS (ig-no-min'i-us), a. 1. Dis- 
honorable. 2. Marked with ignominy. 3. 
contemptible; mean. 

IGNOMINIOUSLY (ig-no-min'i-us-li), adv. In 
an ignominious manner. 

IGNOMINY (ig'no-min-i), n. [pi. IGNOMINIES.] 
Public disgrace; infamy. [L. ignominia — 
■ in, not, and nomen, name.] 

IGNORAMUS (ig-no-ra'mus), n. Ignorant per- 
son. [L.] 

IGNORANCE (ig'no-rans), n. State of being 
ignorant. 

IGNORANT (ig'no-rant), a. Without knowl- 
edge; unacquainted with. [L. ignorans — 
ignoro, ignore.] 

SYN. Uninstructed ; untaught; illiter- 



ate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf ; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



IGNORANTLY 



596 



ILLUMINABLE 




Igorot. 




ate; unaware; uninformed. Ignorant is 
the general term; it implies simply a 
want of knowledge; illiterate implies total 
want of education and is used in an unfa- 
vorable sense. ANT. Well-informed; educa- 
ted; learned; instructed; 
trained; skilled; wise. 

IGNORANTLY (ig'no-rant- 
li), adv. 1. In an igno- 
rant manner. 2. Without 
intention. 

IGNORE (ig-nor'), vt. [pr.p. 
IGNO'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
IGNORED (ig-nord').] 
Disregard willfully; set 
aside. [L. ignoro.] 

Igorot (e-go-rot), Igor- 
rote (e-gor-ro'ta), n. 

1. Member of aboriginal tribe of the Philip- 
pines. 2. Language of the Igorots. 

Iguana a-gwa'- 

na), n. 1. Genus 
of tropical liz- 
ards, having a 
large dewlap un- 
der the throat. 

2. [i-] Lizard of 
the genus Igua- 
na. [Sp.] 

ILEUM (il'e-um), n. 
tine. [L.] 

ILEX (i'leks), n. 1. 
holm oak. [L.] 

ILIAC (il'i-ak), a. Pertaining to the lower in- 
testines. 

ILIUM (il'i-um), n. [pi. TL'IA.] Anat. Upper 
part of the hip bone. [L. ilium, ileum, flank.] 

ILK (ilk), I. a. Same; each. n. n. Kind. [Sc. 
— A. S. ylc, like.] 

ILL (il), I. a. 1. Producing evil; unfortunate; 
unfavorable. 2. Sick; diseased. 3. Improper; 
incorrect. 4. Cross, as temper. II. adv. 1. 
Not well; not rightly. 2. With difficulty. 
III. n. 1. Evil. 2. Wickedness. 3. Mis- 
fortune. [Ice. illr, a contraction of the word 
which appears in A. S. yfel, evil.] 

SYN. Badness; wrong; worthlessness; 
mischief ; bane; ruin; disaster. ANT. Good- 
ness; good-fortune. 

I'LL (I'D. Contraction of I WILL. 

ILLAPSE (il-laps'), n. 1. A sliding in. 2. A 
falling on. [L. illapsus.] 

ILLATION (Il-la'shun), n. Act of inferring from 
premises or reasons; inference; conclusion. 
[L. in, in, and latus, carried.] 

ILLEGAL (n-le'gal), a. Contrary to law. 

ILLEGALITY (il-le-gal'i-ti), n. [pi. ILLEGAL- 
ITIES.] 1. State of being illegal. 2. That 
which is illegal. 

ILLEGALLY (il-le'gal-i), adv. In an illegal 
manner. 

ILLEGIBILITY (il-lej-i-bil'I-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being illegible. 



Iguana (Iguana tuber culata). 
Last part of small intes- 

Holly. 2. Evergreen or 



ILLEGIBLE (il-lej'i-bl), a. Not to be easily 
read or deciphered; not decipherable. 

ILLEGIBLENESS (il-lej'i-bl-nes), n. Illegi- 
bility. 

ILLEGIBLY (il-lej'i-bli), adv. In an illegible 
manner. 

ILLEGITIMACY (il-le-jit'i-ma-si), n. Quality 
or state of being illegitimate. 

ILLEGITIMATE (il-le-jiti-mat), a. 1. Not ac- 
cording to law. 2. Not born in wedlock. 3. 
Not properly inferred or reasoned. 

ILLEGITIMATELY (il-le-jit'i-mat-li), adv. In 
an illegitimate manner. 

ILLIBERAL (il-lib'er-al), a. 1. Niggardly; 
mean. 2. Narrow-minded; bigoted. 

ILLIBERALITY (il-lib-er-ali-ti), n. Illiberal- 
ness. 

ILLIBERALLY (il-lib'er-al-i), adv. In an illib- 
eral manner. 

ILLIBERALNESS (il-lib'er-al-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being illiberal. 

ILLICIT (il-lis'it), a. Unlawful; unlicensed. 
[L. illicitus — in, not, and licitus, p.p. of licet, 
be allowable.] 

ILLICITLY (il-lis'it-li), adv. In an illicit man- 
ner. 

ILLICITNESS (il-lis'it-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being illicit. 

ILLIMITABLE (il-lim'it-a-bl), a. That cannot 
be bounded; infinite. 

ILLIMITABLENESS (il-lim'it-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being illimitable. 

ILLINOIS (il-i-noi'), n. One of the United States. 
Capital, Springfield. Area 56,650 sq. m. 
[Named from the Illini tribe of North American 
Indians, the name being said to mean '*the 
men."] 

ILLITERACY (il-lit'er-a-si), n. 1. State of be- 
ing illiterate; want of learning. 2. Blunder. 

ILLITERATE (il-lit'er-at), a. 1. Unable to read. 
2. Uneducated; ignorant. 
SYN. See IGNORANT. 

ILLITERATENESS (il-lit'er-at-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being illiterate. 

ILL-MANNERED (il-man'erd), a. Rude; rough; 
boorish; uncivil. 

ILL-NATURED (il-na/turd), a. Cross; peevish. 

ILL-NATUREDLY (il-na'turd-li), adv. In an 
ill-natured manner. 

ILLNESS (il'nes), n. Sickness; dfsease. 

ILLOGICAL (il-loj'ik-al), o. Contrary to the 
rules of logic or sound reason. 

ILLOGICALLY (il-loj'fk-al-i), adv. In an il- 
logical manner. 

ILL-OMENED (il-6,'mend), a. Unpropitious; 
having bad omens or warnings; ill-starred. 

ILL-STARRED (il-stard'), a. Same as ILL- 
OMENED. 

ILLUME (il-lom' or il-lum'), vt. [pr.p. ILLU'- 
MING; p.t. and p.p. ILLUMED (il-lomd' or 
il-lumd').] Illumine; illuminate. [Poet.] 

ILLUMINABLE (il-16'mi-na-bl), a. Capable 
of being illuminated. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. * 



ILLUMINANT 



59? 



IMBITTER 



ILLUMINANT (il-lo'mi-nant), n. That which 

illuminates. 
ILLUMINATE (il-16'nii-nat), v. [pr.p. ILLU'MI- 

NATING; p.t. and p.p. ILLUMINATED.] I. vt. 

1. Light up; enlighten; make clear. 2. Illus- 
trate; adorn with ornamental lettering or 
illustrations. II. vi. Make a display of lights. 
[L. in, upon, and lumino, cast light.] 

ILLUMINATION (il-lo-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act 
of giving light. 2. That which gives light. 
3. Splendor; brightness. 4. A display of lights. 
5. Colored or gilt ornament or embellishment, 
as of a book or manuscript. 

ILLUMINATIVE (il-lo'mi-na-tiv), a. 1. Tend- 
ing to give light. 2. Illustrative or explanatory. 

ILLUMINATOR (il-lo'mi-na-tur), n. One who 
or that which illuminates. 

ILLUMINE (il-lo'min), vt. [pr.p. ILLUMINING; 
p.t, and p.p. ILLUMINED (il-16'mind).] 1. 
Make luminous or bright. 2. Enlighten. 3. 
Adorn or embellish. 

ILLUMINOMETER (il-lo-mi-nom'e-ter), n. De- 
vice for measuring the actual illumination 
available. 

ILLUSION (il-lo'zhun), n. 1. False show or ap- 
pearance. 2. Deceptive impression on sense 
or mind. 3. Witchery. [Fr. — L. illudo, play 
upon, deceive.] 

SYN. Delusion; deception; fallacy. De- 
lusion is malicious or injurious deception; 
illusion is innocent misleading. 

ILLUSIVE (il-lo'siv), a. Deceiving by false ap- 
pearances; false; unreal; illusory. 

ILLUSIVELY (il-lo'siv-li), adv. In an illusive 
manner. 

ILLUSIVENESS (il-16'siv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being illusive. 

ILLUSORY (il-lo'so-ri), a. Tending to deceive; 
deceptive; fallacious. 

ILLUSTRATE (il-lus'trat), vt. [pr.p. ILLUS'- 
TRATING; p.t. and p.p. ILLUSTRATED.] 1. 
Make clear to the mind; explain. 2. Adorn 
or elucidate by means of pictures, drawings, 
etc. 3. Display. [L. illustro, light up.] 

ILLUSTRATION (il-lus-tra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
making lustrous or clear; act of explaining. 

2. That which illustrates; example; picture; 
diagram. 

ILLUSTRATIVE (il-lus'tra-tiv), a. Having the 
quality of making clear or explaining. 

ILLUSTRATOR (il'lus-tra-tiir), n. 1. One who 
illustrates. 2. One who serves as an illustra- 
tion; exemplar. 

ILLUSTRIOUS (il-lus'tri-us), a. 1. Bright; dis- 
tinguished. 2. Conferring honor. [L. illustris 
— in, in, and lux, lucis, light.] 

SYN. Renowned; famous; eminent; 
famed ; glorious ; noted ; honored ; celebrated. 
ANT. Despised; inglorious; ignominious; 
base; disreputable; dishonored; unknown; 
infamous. 

IlUS (i'lus), n. Greek Myth. Son of Tros, and 
founder of Ilium. 



Euphonic variant of IN- before 
2. Corruption of Fr. em-, [See 



IM-, prefix. 1, 
b, m, and p, 
IN-.] 

IMAGE (im'aj), n. 1. Likeness; statue; idol. 2. 
Representation in the mind; idea; picture in 
the imagination. 3. Figure of an object 
formed by focused rays of light. [Fr. — L. 
imago, from root of imitor, imitate.] 

IMAGE (im'aj), vt. [pr.p. IM' AGING; p.t. and 
p.p. IMAGED (im'ajd).] 1. Form an image of. 
2. Form a likeness of in the mind. 

IMAGERY (im'aj-ri), n. [pi. IM'AGERIES.] 
Work of the imagination; mental pictures; 
figures of speech. 

IMAGINABLE (im-aj'i-na-bl), a. That may be 
imagined. 

IMAGINARY (im-aj'i-na-ri), a. Existing only 
in the imagination; not real. 

IMAGINATION (imraj-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act 
of imagining. 2. Faculty of forming images 
in the mind. 3. That which is imagined. 

IMAGINATIVE (im-aj'i-na-tiv), a. 1. Full of 
imagination; given to imagining. 2. Proceed- 
ing from the imagination. 

SYN. Creative; conceptive; ideal; poet- 
ical; romantic; inventive. ANT. Unim- 
aginative; unpoetical; unromantic; prosaic; 
matter-of-fact; literal; uninventive. 

IMAGINATIVENESS (im-aj'i-na-tfv-nes), n. 
Quality of being imaginative. 

IMAGINE (im-aj'in), v. [pr.p. IMAGINING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMAGINED (im-aj'ind).] I. vt. 
1. Form an image of In the mind; conceive; 
think. 2. Contrive or devise. II. vi. 1. Form 
mental images. 2. Conjecture. [L. imago, 
image.] 

SYN. Suppose; surmise; understand; 
fancy; fabricate. ANT. Represent; exhibit; 
demonstrate; prove; substantiate; verify; 
depict. 

IMAGO (i-ma'go), n. Insect in its final, perfect 
state. [L.] 

IMAM, IMAUM (i-mam'), n. 1. Priest who recites 
the prayers in Mohammedan mosques. 2. Mo- 
hammedan leader. [Ar.] 

IMBECILE (im'be-sil or im'be-sel), I. a. With- 
out strength of mind; feeble-minded. II. n. 
One destitute of strength of mind. [O. 
Fr.] 

IMBECILITY (im-be-sil'i-ti), n. State of being 
imbecile. 

IMBED (im-bed), vt. [pr.p. IMBED DING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMBED'DED.] Lay as in bed; place 
in a mass of matter. 

IMBIBE (im-bib), vt. [pr.p. IMBIBING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMBIBED (im-bibd').] 1. Drink. 2. 
Absorb; receive into the mind. [L. in, in, and 
bibo, drink.] 

IMBITTER (im-bit'er), vt. [pr.p. IMBIT'TER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. IMBITTERED (im-bit'erd).] 
Make bitter; render more violent; render un- 
happy. See EMBITTER, the more usual form 
of the word. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



- 



IMBRICATE 



598 



IMMODEST 




Imbricate Tiles, 
applied to shingles or 



MBRICATE (im'bri-kat), IMBRICATED (im'- 
bri-ka-ted), o. Overlapping 
each other like tiles on roofs. 
[L. imbrex, gutter-tile — imber, 
rain.] 
IMBRICATION (im-bri-ka- 
shun), n. 1. Concave inden- 
ture, as of a tile. 2. An over- 
lapping of the edges, 
tiles. 
IMBROGLIO (im-bro'lyo), n. 1. Intricate plot. 
2. Perplexing state of matters; complicated 
misunderstanding. [It.] 
IMBRUE (im-bro), vt. [pr.p. IMBRUING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMBRUED (im-brod').] Soak; drench. 
[O. Fr. embruet — L. bibo, drink.] 
IMBUE (im-bu'), vt. [pr.p. IMBUING; p.t. and 
p.p. IMBUED (im-bud').] Tinge deeply; 
cause to Imbibe, as the mind; impress. [L. 
in, in, and root of bibo, drink.] 
IMITABILITT (im-i-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 

being imitable. 
IMITABLE (im'i-ta-bl), a. That may be imitated 

or copied; worthy of imitation. 
IMITATE (rm'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. IM'ITATING; p.t. 
and p.p. IM'ITATED.] Copy; strive to be the 
same as. 
IMITATION (im-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of imi- 
tating. 2. That which is produced as a copy; 
likeness. 

SYN. Duplication; mimicry; plagiarism; 
forgery; simulation. ANT. Originality; 
uniqueness. 
IMITATIVE (im'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Inclined to 

fmitate. 2. Formed after a model. 
IMITATOR (im'i-ta-tur), n. [fern. IM'ITA- 

TRESS.] One who imitates. 
IMMACULATE (im-mak'u-lat), a. Spotless; 

pure. [L. in, not, and macula, stain.] 
IMMANENCE (im'a-nens), IMMANENCY (im'- 

a-nen-si), n. State of being immanent. 
IMMANENT (im'a-nent), a. Remaining within; 

Inherent. [L. in, not, and maneo, remain.] 
IMMATERIAL (im-a-te'ri-al), a. 1. Not con- 
sisting of matter; incorporeal. 2. Unimpor- 
tant. 
IMMATERIALITY (im-a-te-ri-al'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being immaterial or of not consisting 
of matter. 
IMMATERIALLY (hn-a-te'ri-al-i), adv. 1. 
Incorporeally; without matter. 2. In an 
unimportant manner or degree. 
IMMATURE (im-a-tur'), a. Not ripe; not per- 
fect; come before the proper time. 
IMMATURELY (im-a-tur'li), adv. In an im- 
mature manner. 
IMMATURITY(im-a-tur'i-ti),IMMATURENESS 
(fm-a-tur'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
immature. 
IMMEASURABLE (im-mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That 

cannot be measured. 
IMMEASURABLY (im-mezh'ur-a-bli), adv. In 
an immeasurable manner. 



IMMEDIATE (im-me'di-at), a. 1. With nothing 

intervening; close. 2. Direct. 3. Instant. 

SYN. Proximate; contiguous; present. 

ANT. Distant; remote; future; mediate. 

IMMEDIATELY (im-me'di-at-li), I. adv. Closely; 

directly; at once. II. conj. As soon as. 
IMMEMORIAL (im-me-mo'ri-al), a. Beyond 
the reach of memory. 

IMMEMORIALLY (im-me-mo'ri-al-i), adv. Be- 
yond memory or record. 

IMMENSE (im-mens'), a. 1. That cannot be 
measured. 2. Vast in extent; very large. 
[L. immensus — in, not, and mensus, p.p. of 
metior, measure.] 

SYN. Great; big; large; bulky; enor- 
mous; huge; massive; gigantic; obese; 
voluminous. ANT. Little; small; dwarf; 
microscopic; tiny. 

IMMENSELY (im-mens'li), adv. To an im- 
mense extent. 

IMMENSENESS (im-mens'nes), n. Immensity. 

IMMENSITY (im-men'si-ti), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being immense. 2. That which is 
immense. 

IMMERSE (im-mers'), vt. [pr.p. IMMERSING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMMERSED (im-merst').] 1. 
Plunge or dip entirely under water or other 
fluid. 2. Involve deeply. [L. in, in, and 
mergo, mersum, dip.] 

SYN. Dip; submerge; duck. ANT. Drain $ 
dry. 

IMMERSION (im-mer'shun), n. 1. Act of plung- 
ing into. 2. State of being dipped into. 3. 
Specifically, baptism by immersing. 4. State 
of being deeply engaged. 

IM3IETHODICAL (im-me-thodik-al), a. With- 
out method or order; irregular. 

IM3IIGRANT (im'i-grant), n. One who im- 
migrates. 

IMMIGRATE (im'i-grat), vi. [pr.p. IMMIGRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. IMMIGRATED.] Migrate 
or remove into a country. [L. immigro.'] 

IMMIGRATION (im-i-grashun), n. Act or 
process of immigrating. 

SYN. Migration; colonization; settle- 
ment. ANT. Emigration; exodus. 

IMMINENCE (im'i-nens), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being imminent. 2. Impending evil or 
danger. 

IMMINENT (im'i-nent), a. 1. Near at hand; im- 
pending. 2. Threatening. [L. in, on, and 
mineo, project.] 

IMMINENTLY (im'i-nent-li), adv. In an im- 
minent manner. 

IMMOBILITY (im-o-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
condition of being immobile. 

IMMOBILE (im-mo'bil), a. Immovable; fixed; 
stable. 

IMMODERATE (im-mod'er-at), a. Excessive. 

IMMODERATELY (im-mod'er-at-li), adv. In 
an immoderate manner. 

IM3IODEST (im-mod'est), a. Wanting restraint 
or shame. 



f5te, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



IMMODESTLY 



599 



IMPASSIBLE 



SYN. Arrogant; forward; impudent; in- 
delicate; shameless; lewd; indecent; bold; 
brazen; wanton; obscene. ANT. Modest; 
decorous; decent; chaste. 

IMMODESTLY (im-mod'est-li), adv. In an im- 
modest manner. 

IMMODESTY (im-mod'est-i), n. State or qual- 
ity of being immodest. 

IMMOLATE (im/o-lat), vt. [pr.p. IMMOLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. IMMOLATED.] Offer in 
sacrifice. [L. in, upon, and mola, flour.] 

IMMOLATION (im-o-la/shun), n. 1. Act of 
immolating. 2. That which is immolated; 
sacrifice. 

IMMORAL (im-mor'al), a. Inconsistent with 
what is right; wicked. 

IMMORALITY (im-mo-ral'i-ti), n. [pi. IM- 
MORALITIES.] 1. Quality of being immoral. 
2. Immoral act or practice. 

IMMORALLY (im-mor'al-i), adv. In an im- 
moral manner. 

IMMORTAL (im-mar'tal), I. a. Exempt from 
death; imperishable. II. n. One who will 
never cease to exist. 

SYN. Deathless; eternal; everlasting; 
ceaseless; incessant. ANT. Evanescent; 
instantaneous; ending; finishing. 

IMMORTALITY (im-mar-tal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being immortal. 2. Exemption 
from oblivion. 

IMMORTALIZE (im-mar'tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. IM- 
MORTALIZING; p.t. and p.p. IMMORTAL- 
IZED (im-mar'tal-izd).] 1. Exempt from 
death. 2. Exempt from oblivion. 

IMMORTALLY (im-mar'tal-i), adv. In an im- 
mortal manner. 

IMMORTELLE (im-mar-tel'), n. Plant with un- 
withering handsome flower-like involucres; 
flower commonly called everlasting. 

IMMOVABLE (im-mov'a-bl), I. a. Not capable 
of being moved; fast; unalterable. II. n. Land 
with buildings, trees, etc., not movable by a 
tenant. 

IMMUNE (im-mun'), I. a. Protected; exempt, 
as from a disease. II. n. One who is exempt 
from some particular disease. [L. in, not, and 
munis, serving.] 

IMMUNITY (im-mu'ni-ti), n. [pi. IMMUNI- 
TIES.] 1. State of being immune. 2. Ex- 
emption. 3. Privilege. 

IMMURE (im-mur'), vt. [pr.p. IMMURING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMMURED (im-murd').] Wall in; 
shut up; imprison. [L. in, in, and murus, wall.] 

SYN. Confine; restrain; seclude; incage. 
ANT. Release; liberate; abandon. 

IMMUTABILITY (im-mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being immutable. 

IMMUTABLE (im-mu'ta-bl), a. Not capable 
or susceptible of change; unchangeable. 

IMMUTABLY (im-mu'ta-bli), adv. In an im- 
mutable manner. 

IMP (imp), n. Little devil; wicked spirit. [A. S. 
impe.] 




Impalla (JZpyceros me- 
lampus). 



IMPACT (im'pakt), n. 1. Collision. 2. Impulse 
resulting from collision. [L. impingo. See 
IMPINGE.] 

IMPAIR (im-par), vt. [pr.p. IMPAIRING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPAIRED (im-pard').] Diminish in 
quantity, value, or strength. [O. Fr. empeirer — 
L. in, in, and pejor, worse.] 

SYN. Deteriorate; injure; damage; weak- 
en; lessen; reduce. ANT. Enhance; aug- 
ment; improve; repair. 

IMPAIRMENT (im-par'ment), n. State of being 
impaired. 

IMPALE (im-pal'), vt. [pr.p. IMPA'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPALED (im-pald').] 1. Pierce 
with a pointed stake. 2. Inclose with stakes. 

IMPALEMENT (im-pal'ment), n. 1. Piercing. 
2. Inclosing. 3. Space . 
inclosed. 

IMPALLA (im-pal'a),PAL- 
LAH (pal'a), n. Small 
African antelope* about 
three feet high at the 
withers, of a dark-red- 
dish color above, yel- 
lowish on the sides, and 
white beneath. 

IMPALPABLE (im-pal'pa- 
bl), a. 1. Not perceiv- 
able by touch. 2. Incor- 
poreal. 3. Incomprehen- 
sible. 

IMPALPABLY(im-pal pa-bli), adv. In an impal- 
pable manner or degree. 

IMPANATION (im-pa-na'-shun), n. Eccl. Sup- 
posed real presence and union of Christ's 
material body and blood with the bread and 
wine after consecration in the Eucharist. [L. 
im-, in, and panis, bread.] 

IMPANEL (im-panl), vt. [pr.p. IMPAN'ELING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPANELED (im-pan'ld).] En- 
ter the names of in a list called a panel. 

IMPART (im-part), vt. [pr.p. IMPARTING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPARTED.] 1. Give. 2. Make 
known. [L. in, in, and pars, part.] 

SYN. Yield; grant; divulge; convey; be- 
stow. ANT. Withhold ; retain ; refuse ; deny . 

IMPARTIAL (im-par'shal), a. Not favoring 
either side; just. 

IMPARTIALITY (im-par-shi-al'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being impartial; freedom from bias. 

IMPARTIALLY (im-par 'shal-i), adv. In an im- 
partial manner. 

IMPASS ABILITY (im-pas-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being impassable. 

IMPASSABLE (im-pas'a-bl), o. Not capable of 
being passed. 

IMPASSABLENESS (im-pas'a-bl-nes), n. Im- 
passability. 

IMPASSABLY (im-pas'a-bli), adv. In an im- 
passable manner or degree. 

IMPASSIBILITY (im-pas-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being impassible. 

IMPASSIBLE (im-pas'i-bl), a. Incapable of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
'* ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



^A 



IMPASSIONED 



600 



IMPERIALISM 



> 



passion or feeling. [L. in, not, and patior, 
passus, suffer.] 

131 PASSIONED (im-pash'und), IMPASSION- 
ATE (im-pash'un-at), a. Moved by strong 
feeling; excited. 

I3IPASSIVE (im-pas'iv), a. Not susceptible of 
pain or feeling. 

I3IPASSIVELY (im-pas'iv-li), adv. In an im- 
passive manner. 

I3IPASSIVENESS (im-pas'iv-nes), IMPASSIV- 
ITY (im-pas-siv'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being impassive. 

I3IPATIENCE (im-pa'shens), n. Want of pa- 
tience. 

I3IPATIENT (im-pa/shent), a. Not able to en- 
dure or wait; fretful. 

I3IPATIENTLY (im-pa'shent-li), adv. In an 
impatient manner. 

I3IPEACH (im-pech), vt. [pr.p. IMPEACHING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPEACHED (im-pecht').] 1. 
Charge with a crime or misconduct. 2. Call 
In question; challenge the credibility of. [Fr. 
empescher, hinder.] 

SYN. Accuse; censure. ANT. Approve; 
believe; excuse; exculpate. 

I31PEACHABLE (im-pech'a-bl), a. Liable to be 
impeached; questionable. 

I3IPEACH31ENT (im-pech'ment), n. Act of 
impeaching; arraignment of a high civil 
official before a proper tribunal. 

I3IPECCABILITY (im-pek-a-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being impeccable. 

I3IPECCABLE (im-pek'a-bl), a. Not liable to 
sin. [L. in, not, and pecco, sin.] 

I3IPECUNIOSITY (im-pe-ku-ni-os'i-ti), n. 
Want of money; poverty. 

I3IPECUNIOUS (im-pe-ku'ni-us), a. Having 
no money; poor. [L. in, not, and pecunia, 
money.] 

I3IPEDANCE (im-pe'dans), n. Elec. Resistance 
experienced in the flow of electricity in order 
to produce an alternating current. 

I3IPEDANCE-COIL (im-pe'dans-koil), n. Elec. 
Bobbin specially covered with insulated wire 
used to overcome impedance. 

I3IPEDE (im-ped'), vt. [pr.p. IMPE'DING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPEDED.] Hinder; obstruct. 
[L. impedio — in, in, and pes, pedis, foot.] 

SYN. Check; balk; barricade; disconcert; 
estop; foil; oppose; prevent; restrict; stop; 
thwart; undermine. ANT. Assist; aid; be- 
friend; foster; encourage; nourish; pat- 
ronize; succor; uphold; sustain; support. 

I3IPEDI3IENT (im-ped'i-ment), n. 1. That 
which impedes; hindrance. 2. Defect pre- 
venting fluent speech. [L. impedio, entangle 
the feet — in, in, and pes, foot.] 

I3IPEDI3IENTA (im-ped-i-men'ta), n.pl. Things 
that impede; baggage, especially military bag- 
gaee. [L.] 

IMPEL (im-peP), vt. [pr.p. IMPEL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPELLED (im-peld'). Drive for- 
ward. [L. in, on, and pello, drive.] 



SYN. Urge; incite; shove; push. ANT. 
Recoil; repel; react; resist; withdraw. 

IMPEND (im-pend'), vi. [pr.p. IMPENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPEND 'ED.] 1. Hang over or 
above. 2. Threaten near at hand; be immi- 
nent. [L. impendeo — in, on, and pendeo, 
hang.] 

IMPENDENCE (im-pend'ens), n. Quality or 
state of being impendent. 

IMPENDENT (im-pend'ent), I31PENDING (im- 
pend'ing), a. Hanging over; imminent; 
threatening. 

IMPENETRABILITY (im-pen-e-tra-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being impenetrable. 

IMPENETRABLE (im-pene-tra-bl), a. Incapa- 
ble of being pierced; impervious. 

I31PENITENCE (im-pen'i-tens), n. Quality or 
state of being impenitent. 

I31PENITENT (im-pen'i-tent), a. Not repenting 
of sin. 

IMPERATIVE (im-per'a-tiv), I. a. Expressive of 
command; authoritative; obligatory. II. n. 
Gram. Imperative mood, or a verb or verbal 
form denoting it. [L. impero, command — in, 
in, and paro, prepare.] 

IMPERATIVELY (im-per'a-tiv-li), adv. In an 
imperative manner. 

I31PERCEPTIBILITY (im-per-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
Imperceptibleness. 

IMPERCEPTIBLE (im-per-sep'ti-bl), a. Not 
discernible; insensible; minute. 

IMPERCEPTIBLENESS (im-per-sep'ti-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being imperceptible. 

IMPERCEPTIBLY (im-per-sep'ti-bli), adv. In 
an imperceptible manner. 

IMPERFECT (im-per'fekt), I. a. Incomplete; 
defective; not fulfilling its design; liable to err. 
II. n. Gram. Mood of the verb, representing 
the action or state as going on at the time 
mentioned. 

SYN. Faulty; crude; inadequate; infe- 
rior; tainted. ANT. Perfect; best; finished; 
intact; model; umblemished. 

IMPERFECTION (im-per-fek'shun), n. 1. 

Quality or state of being imperfect; fault or 
defect, moral or physical. 2. Something 
imperfect or defective. 

SYN. Blemish; flaw. Imperfection is 
want of perfection; defect shows that some- 
thing is wanting; fault is a positive imper- 
fection. ANT. Perfection; immaculate- 
ness; excellence. 

IMPERFECTLY (im-per'fekt-li), adv. In an 
imperfect manner or degree. 

I31PERFECTNESS (im-per'fekt-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being imperfect. 

IMPERIAL (im-pe'ri-al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
an empire or to an emperor; sovereign; su- 
preme. 2. Of superior size or excellence. II. 
n. Narrow pointed beard on the chin. 

IMPERIALISM (im-pe'ri-al-izm), n. 1. Power 
or authority of an emperor. 2. Spirit of em- 
pire. 3. Principle, policy, or advocacy of 



rtitp fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch (jude; oil, ovrl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



IMPERIALIST 



601 



IMPLICITLY 



territorial expansion, with right of sovereignty 
over the territory acquired. 4. Collectivism. 

IMPERIALIST (im-pe'ri-al-ist), n. One who 
favors imperialism. [Fr. See EMPIRE.] 

IMPERIALLY (im-pe'ri-al-i), adv. In an im- 
perial manner. 

IMPERIL (im-per'il), vt. [pr.p. IMPER'ILING ; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPERILED (im-per'ild).] En- 
danger. 

IMPERIOUS (im-pe'ri-us), a. 1. Haughty; 
tyrannical; authoritative. 2. Urgent; com- 
pelling. 

SYN. Arrogant; dictatorial; command- 
ing; lordly; domineering; overbearing. ANT. 
Yielding; submissive; compliant; docile; 
lenient; gentle; mild. 

IMPERIOUSLY (im-pe'ri-us-li), adv. In an 
imperious manner. 

IMPERIOUSNESS (im-pe'ri-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being imperious. 

IMPERISHARLE (im-per'ish-a-bl), a. Inde- 
structible ; everlasting. 

IMPERMANENT (im-per'ma-nent), a. Provi- 
sional; not lasting; transitory; temporary. 

IMPERMEARILITY (im-per-me-a-bili-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being impermeable. 

IMPERMEARLE (im-per'me-a-bl), a. Not per- 
mitting passage; impenetrable. 

IMPERSONAL (im-per'sun-al), a. 1. Not rep- 
resenting a person. 2. Not having person- 
ality. 3. Gram. Not used with a personal 
subject, as it rains. 

IMPERSONALITY(im-per-sun-al'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being impersonal. 

IMPERSONALLY (im-per'sun-al-i), adv. In 
an impersonal manner. 

IMPERSONATE (im-per'sun-at), vt. [pr.p. IM- 
PERSONATING; p.t. and p.p. IMPERSONA- 
TED.] 1. Invest with personality. 2. Rep- 
resent; personify. 

IMPERSONATION (im-per-sun-a'shun), n. Act 
of impersonating. 

IMPERSONATOR (im-per'sun-a-tur), n. One 
who impersonates. 

IMPERSONIFICATION (im-per-son-i-fi-ka'- 
shun), n. Impersonation. 

IMPERTINENCE (im-per'ti-nens), n. 1. Un- 
fitness. 2. Unbecoming conduct; incivility. 
3. That which is impertinent. 

IMPERTINENT (im-per'ti-nent), a. 1. Irrele- 
vant; out of place. 2. Trifling. 3. Intru- 
sive; impudent. 

SYN. Frivolous; rude; unmannerly; 
saucy; disrespectful; insolent; meddlesome; 
officious. ANT. Diffident; deferential; shy; 
modest; retiring; timid; bashful. 

IMPERTURRARILITY (im-per-turb-a-bil'i-ti), 
n. Quality or state of being imperturbable. 

IMPERTURRARLE (im-per-turb'a-bl), a. That 
cannot be disturbed or agitated. [L. in, not, 
and perturbo, disturb.] 

IMPERVIOUS (im-per'vi-us), a. Not to be 
penetrated or entered. 



IMPERVIOUSLY (im-per'vi-us-li), adv. In an 
impervious manner. 

IMPER VIOUSNESS (im-per'vi-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being impervious. 

IMPETUOSITY (im-pet-u-os'r-ti), n. Impet- 
uousness. 

IMPETUOUS (im-pet'u-us), a. 1. Rushing with 
violence. 2. Vehement in feeling; passionate; 
hasty. [L. impetuosus — impetus, attack.] 

IMPETUOUSLY (im-pet'u-us-li), adv. In an 
impetuous manner. 

IMPETUOUSNESS (im-petu-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being impetuous. 

IMPETUS (im'pe-tus), n. 1. Attack; assault. 
2. Force or quantity of motion. [L. in, on, 
and peto, fall upon.] 

IMPIETY (im-pie-ti), n. [pi. IMPIETIES.] 1. 
Want of piety; irreverence toward God. 2. 
Impious act. 

IMPINGE (im-pinj'), vi. [pr.p. IMPINGING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPINGED (im-pinjd').] Come 
into collision or contact; collide; clash; strike. 
(Followed by on, upon, or against.) [L. im- 
pingo — in, in, and pango, strike.] 

IMPIOUS (im'pi-us), a. Wanting in veneration 
for God or the church. [L. impius — in, not, 
and pius, pious.] 

IMPISH (imp'ish), a. Having the qualities of an 
imp; imp-like. 

IMPIOUSLY (im'pi-us-li), adv. In an impious 
manner. 

IMPLACARILITY (im-pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being implacable. 

IMPLACARLE (im-pla'ka-bl), a. Not to be 
appeased; inexorable; irreconcilable. 

IMPLACARLENESS (im-pla'ka-bl-nes), n. Im- 
placability. 

IMPLACARLY (im-pla'ka-bli), adv. In an im- 
placable manner. 

IMPLANT (im-planf), vt. [pr.p. IMPLANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPLANT'ED.] Plant or fix in- 
to in order to grow; inculcate. 

IMPLAUSIRLE (im-pla'zi-bl), a. Not to be 
relied upon. 

IMPLEAD (im-pled'), vt. [pr.p. IMPLEADING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPLEAD'ED.] Sue in a pro- 
ceeding brought against several joined in the 
same action, as to implead John Smith with 
James Jones in an action of assumpsit. 

IMPLEMENT (im'ple-ment), n. Tool; utensil. 
[L. impleo, fill up.] 

IMPLICATE (im'pli-kat), vt. [pr.p. IMPLI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. IMPLICATED.] In- 
fold; involve; entangle. [L. implico — in, in, 
and plico, fold.] 

IMPLICATION (im-pli-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
implicating. 2. Entanglement. 3. That 
which is implied. 

IMPLICIT (im-plis'it), a. 1. Implied; tacitly 
understood. 2. Complete; without reserve. 
[L. implicitus, folded in.] 

IMPLICITLY (im-plis'it-li), adv. 1. Impliedly. 
2. Unhesitatingly; undoubtingly. 



fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/& in Scotch loch. 



IMPLICITNESS 



602 



I3IPRACTICABLE 



Quality or 



► 



IMPLICITNESS (im-plisit-nes), 
state of being implicit. 

IMPLIED (im-plid), a. Contained virtually 
though not expressed. 

IMPLORE (ini-pldr'),t>*. [pr.p.IMPLOR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPLORED (im-plord').] Beseech; 
beg. [L. in, upon, and ploro, weep aloud.] 

IMPLORER (im-plor'er), n. One who implores; 
suppliant. 

IMPLORINGLY (im-plor'ing-li), adv. In an 
imploring manner. 

IMPLY (im-pli), vt. [pr.p. IMPLYING; p.t. and 
p.p. IMPLIED (im-plid').] Include or signify 
in reality, though not expressing in words. 
[L. implico, infold.] 

IMPOLICY (im-pol'i-si), n. Quality or state of 
being impolitic. 

IMPOLITE (im-po-lif), a. Of rude manners; 
uncivil. 

IMPOLITELY (im-po-Ht'li), adv. In an impo- 
lite manner. 

IMPOLITENESS (im-po-lit'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being impolite. 

IMPOLITIC (im-pori-tik), a. Imprudent; un- 
wise; inexpedient. 

IMPONDERABILITY (im-pon-der-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being imponderable. 

IMPONDERABLE (im-pon'der-a-bl), a. Not 
able to be weighed. 

IMPORT (im-porf), vt. [pr.p. IMPORTING; 
j*«. and p.p. IMPORT'ED.] 1. Bring from 
Abroad. 2. Signify. 3. Concern. [L. im- 
porto — in, in, and porta, carry.] 

SYN. Introduce; imply; mean; convey; 
denote; interest. ANT. Export; state. 

IMPORT (im'port), n. 1. That which is brought 
from abroad. 2. 3Ieaning. 3. Importance. 

IMPORTABLE (im-port'a-bl), c. That can or 
may be imported. 

IMPORTANCE (im-par'tans), n. 1. Quality of 
being important. 2. Weight; authority; con- 
sequence. 

IMPORTANT (im-par'tant), a. Of great import 
or consequence. [L. importans, pr.p. of im- 
porto, import.] 

IMPORTATION (im-por-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
importing. 2. Commodities imported. 

IMPORTER (im-port'er), n. One who brings in 
goods from abroad. 

IMPORTUNATE (im-par'tu-nat), o. Trouble- 
somely urgent; over-pressing in request. 

IMPORTUNATELY (im-par'tu-nat-li), adv. In 
an Importunate manner. 

IMPORTUNE (im-par-tun), vt. [pr.p. IMPOR- 
TUNING; p.t. and p.p. IMPORTUNED (im- 
par-tund').] Urge with annoying persistency. 
[L. importunus, harborless, inconvenient.] 
SYN. Entreat; solicit; Implore; urge; 
ask; beg; dun; press; tease. ANT. Forego. 

IMPORTUNITY (im-par-tu'ni-ti), n. [pi. IM- 
PORTUNITIES.] 1. Quality or state of 
being importunate. 2. Urgent request or 
solicitation. 




IMPOSABLE (im-poza-bl), a. Capable of being 
imposed or laid on. 

IMPOSE (im-poz), v. [pr.p. IMPOSING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPOSED (im-pozd).] I. vt. 1. 
Place or lay on. 2. Enjoin; command. 3. 
Put over by authority or force. 4. Obtrude 
unfairly. 5. Palm off. 6. Print. Arrange 
in a chase, as pages of type. II. vi. Deceive; 
abuse one's kindness. — Imposing-stone, slab 
of stone or metal on which the type is made up 
into forms. [Fr. imposer.] 

IMPOSING (im-po'zing), a. Commanding; adapt- 
ed to impress forcibly. 

IMPOSINGLY (im-po'zing-li), adv. In an im- 
posing manner. 

I31POSITION (im-po-zish'un), n. 1. Laying on, 
of hands in ordination. 2. Tax; burden. 
3. Deception; abuse of kindness. 4. Print. 
Act of arranging set matter, plates, etc., 
into columns or pages. [L. impositio — im- 
pono, place upon.] 

I31POSSIBILITY (im-pos-i-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. IM- 
POSSIBILITIES (im-pos-i-bil'i-tiz).] 1. Qual- 
ity or state of being impossible. 2. That which 
is impossible. 

I3IPOSSIBLE (im-pos'i-bl), a. That 
cannot be done; that cannot ex- 
ist; absurd. 

I3IPOST (im'post), n. 1. Tax, espe- 
cially on imports. 2. Part of a 
pillar on which the weight of the 
vault or arch rests. [O. Fr. — L. 
impono, lay on.] 

I3IPOSTOR (im-pos'tur), n. One who practices 
imposition or fraud. [L. impositor — impono, 
place upon.] 

I3IPOSTURE (im-pos'tur), n. Fraud. 

I3IPOTENCE (im'po-tens), I3IPOTENCY (im'- 
po-ten-si), n. Quality or state of being 
impotent. 

I3IPOTENT (im'po-tent), a. 1. Powerless. 2. 
Not able to procreate. 

I3IPOTENTLY (im'po-tent-li), adv. In an im- 
potent manner. 

I3IPOUND (im-pownd), vt. [pr.p. IMPOUND- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. IMPOUNDED.] Confine, 
as in a pound; hold in custody of the 
court. 

I3IPOVERISH (im-pover-ish),vt. [pr.p. IMPOV- 
ERISHING; p.t. and p.p. IMPOVERISHED 
(im-pov'er-isht).] 3Iake poor; exhaust. [O. 
Fr. povre — L. pauper.] 

IMPOVERISHMENT (im-pov'er-ish-ment), n. 
Act of impoverishing or state of being im- 
poverished. 

I3IPRACTIC ABILITY (im-prak-ti-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
[pi. IMPRACTICABILITIES.] 1. Quality or 
state of being impracticable. 2. That which 
is impracticable. 

I3IPRACTICABLE (im-prakti-ka-bl), a. 1. Not 
practicable. 2. Unmanageable. 

SYN. Impossible; intractable. ANT. 
Practicable; tractable. 



Impost 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch s/ude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



I3IPRACTICABLENESS 



603 



IMPROVISE 



IMPRACTICABLENESS (im-prakti-ka-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being impracticable. 

IMPRACTICABLY (im-prak'ti-ka-bli), adv. In 
an impracticable manner. 

IMPRECATE (impre-kat), vt. [pr.p. IMPRE- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. IMPRECATED.] 1. 
Pray for evil upon. 2. Curse. [L. in, upon, 
and precor, pray.] 

IMPRECATION (im-pre-ka'shun), n. Act of 
imprecating; malediction; curse. 

IMPRECATORY (impre-ka-to-ri), o. Involv- 
ing an imprecation; maledictory. 

IMPREGNABILITY (im-preg-na-bil'i-ti), n. 
State or quality of being impregnable. 

IMPREGNABLE (im-preg'na-bl), a. 1. That 
cannot be taken; unconquerable. 2. Able to 
be impregnated. 

IMPREGNABLY (im-preg'na-bli), adv. In an 
impregnable manner. 

IMPREGNATE (im-preg'nat), vt. [pr.p. IM- 
PREGNATING ; p.f.and p.p.IMPREG'NATED.] 
1. Make pregnant; fertilize. 2. Impart life 
or spirit to. [L.L. imprcegno. See PREGNANT.] 

IMPREGNATION (im-preg-na'shun), n. Act of 
impregnating or that which is impregnated. 

IMPRESARIO (im-pre-sa'ri-6), n. Operatic 
manager. [It. impresa, enterprise.] 

IMPRESS (im-pres'), vt. [pr.p. IMPRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPRESSED (im-prest').] 1. 
Mark or produce by pressure; stamp. 2. Fix 
deeply (in the mind). 3. Force into service, 
especially the public service. 

IMPRESS (im'pres), n. 3Iark made by pressure; 
stamp; likeness; device. 

IMPRESSIBILITY (im-pres-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being impressible. 

IMPRESSIBLE (im-pres'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being made to feel; susceptible. 

IMPRESSIBLY (im-pres'i-bli), adv. In an im- 
pressible manner. 

IMPRESSION (im-presh'un), n. 1. Act of im- 
pressing. 2. That which is produced by pres- 
sure. 3. Single edition of a book. 4. Ef- 
fect on the mind; idea. 5. Slight remem- 
brance. 

IMPRESSIONABLE (im-presh'un-a-bl), a. Able 
to receive an impression; easily impressed; 
emotional. 

IMPRESSIONISM (im-presh'un-izm), n. Sys- 
tem in art or literature which depicts scenes 
by general effects or first impressions. 

IMPRESSIONIST (im-presh'un-ist), n. I. a. 
Characterized by impressionism, II. Person 
who yields to or is governed by impressionism. 

IMPRESSIVE (im-pres'iv), a. Capable of ma- 
king an impression on the mind or conscience. 

IMPRESSIVELY (im-pres'iv-li), adv. In an 
impressive manner. 

IMPRESSIVENESS (im-pres'iv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being impressive. 

IMPRESSMENT (im-pres'ment), n. Act of im- 
pressing or seizing for service, especially in 
the navy. 



I3IPRINT (im-print), vt. [pr.p. IMPRINTING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPRINTED.] 1. Print; stamp. 
2. Fix in the mind. 

IMPRINT (imprint), n. 1. That which is im- 
printed. 2. Name of the publisher or printer 
on a title-page or sheet, etc. 

IMPRISON (im-priz'n), vt. [pr.p. IMPRIS'ON- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. IMPRISONED (im-priz'nd).] 
Shut, up; confine. 

I3IPRISON3IENT (im-priz'n-ment), n. Act of 
imprisoning or state of being imprisoned. 

IMPROBABILITY (im-prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
IMPROBABILITIES.] 1. Quality or state of 
being improbable. 2. That which is im- 
probable. 

I31PROBABLE (im-prob'a-bl), a. Unlikely. 

IMPROBABLENESS (im-prob'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being improbable. 

IMPROBABLY (im-prob'a-bli), adv. In an 
improbable manner or degree. 

IMPROBITY (im-prob'i-ti), n. Dishonesty. 

I3IPR031PTU (im-promp'tu), I. a. Offhand; 
without preparation. II. adv. Readily. III. 
n. Witty saying or composition produced at 
the moment. [L. in promptu, in readiness.] 

IMPROPER (im-proper), o. 1. Not suitable. 2. 
Unbecoming; indecent; incorrect. 

I3IPROPERLY (im-prop'er-li), adv. In an im- 
proper manner. 

I3IPROPRIETY (im-pro-prl'e-ti), n. [pi. IM- 
PROPRIETIES.] 1. Unsuitableness. 2. Un- 
becoming conduct. 

I3IPROVABLE (im-prov'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being improved. 

I3IPROVE (im-prov), v. [pr.p. IMPROVING; 
p.t. and p.p. IMPROVED (im-provd').] I. vt. 1. 
3Iake better; advance in value or excellence. 
2. Correct. 3. Employ to good purpose. II. 
vi. 1. Grow better. 2. 3Iake progress. 3. 
Increase; rise, as prices. [Variant of AP- 
PROVE.] 

SYN. Mend; amend; repair; reform; 
better; ameliorate. ANT. Aggravate; im- 
pair; spoil; vitiate; deteriorate; degenerate. 

I3IPROVE3IENT (im-prov'ment), n. 1. Act of 
improving. 2. Advancement; increase. 3. 
Turning to good account. 

I3IPROVIDENCE (im-provi-dens), n. Quality 
of being improvident. 

I3IPROVIDENT (im-prov'i-dent), a. Wanting 
foresight. 

I3IPROVIDENTLY (im-prov'i-dent-li), adv. In 
an improvident manner. 

I3IPROVISATION (im-prov-i-sa'shun), n. 1. 
Act or art of improvising. 2. That which is 
improvised. 

IMPROVISATOR (im-prov'i-sa-tur), n. Im- 
proviser. 

I3IPROVISE (im-pro-viz), v. [pr.p. IMPRO- 
VISING; p.t. and p.p. IMPRO VISED (im-pro- 
vizd').] I. vt. 1. Compose, recite, or sing 
extemporaneously; extemporize. 2. Do or 
perform offhand. II. vi. Compose or perform 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



IMPROVISER 



604 



INAPPLICABILITY 



► 



anything extemporaneously. [L. improvisus, 
unforeseen.] 

IMPROVISER (im-pro-vi'zer), n. One who im- 
provises. 

IMPRUDENCE (im-pro'dens), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being imprudent. 2. Imprudent act 
or course of action. 

IMPRUDENT (im-pro'dent), a. Wanting fore- 
sight or discretion. 

IMPRUDENTLY (im-prb'dent-li), adv. In an 
imprudent manner. 

IMPUDENCE (im'pu-dens), n. Quality or state 
of being impudent. 

SYN. Insolence ; impertinence ; rudeness ; 
effrontery; audacity. ANT. Modesty; civ- 
ility; diffidence; politeness. 

IMPUDENT (im'pu-dent), a. Wanting shame or 
modesty; bold. [L. in, not, and pudeo, am 
ashamed.] 

IMPUDENTLY (im'pu-dent-li), adv. In an im- 
pudent manner. 

IMPUGN (im-pun'), vt. [pr.p. IMPUGNING 
p.t. and p.p. IMPUGNED (im-pund').] Attack 
by words or arguments; call in question. [L. 
impugna — in, against, and pugno, fight.] 

IMPUGNER (im-pun'er), n. One who impugns. 

IMPULSE (im'puls), n. 1. Act of impelling or 
driving on. 2. Effect of an impelling force. 
3. Force suddenly communicated. 4. In- 
fluence on the mind. [L. impulsus, p.p. of 
impello, impel.] 

IMPULSION (im-pul'shun), n. 1. Impelling 
force. 2. Act or state of being impelled. 3. 
Impulse; instigation. 

IMPULSIVE (im-pul'siv), a. 1. Impelling or 
driving on. 2. Actuated by impulse. 3. Not 
continuous. 

I3IPULSIVELY (im-pul'siv-li), adv. In an im- 
pulsive manner. 

IMPULSIVENESS (im-pul'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being impulsive. 

IMPUNITY (im-pu'ni-ti), n. [pi. IMPUNITIES.] 
Freedom from punishment; exemption from 
injury or loss. [L. impunitas — in, not, and 
poena, punishment.] 

IMPURE (im-pur'), a. 1. Mixed with other 
substances. 2. Defiled by sin; unholy; un- 
chaste; unclean. 

IMPURELY (im-pur'li), adv. In an impure 
manner. 

IMPURENESS (im-pur'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being impure; impurity. 

IMP I KIT Y (im-pu'ri-ti), n. [pi. IMPURITIES 
(im-pu'ri-tiz).] 1. Impureness. 2. That which 
makes impure. 

IMPUTABLE (im-pu'ta-bl), a. Capable of being 
imputed or charged; attributable. 

IMPUTATION (im-pu-ta'shun), n. Act of im- 
puting or charging; censure. 
IMPUTE (im-put), vt. [pr.p. IMPUTING; p.t. 
and p.p. IMPU'TED.] Reckon as belonging to; 
charge. [L. imputo — in, in, and puto, reel on.] 
SYN. See ASCRIBE. 



IN-, prefix. 1. In; on. 2. Denoting negation; 
not; as infirm. Before 6 and p the n changes 
to m, as impudent; before I, m, and r, it is 
assimilated as in illegal, immature, irregular. 
[A. S. in; Fr. en; L. in.] 

IN (in), I. prep. Within; during; by; through. 
II. adv. Within; not out. 

INABILITY (in-a-bil'i-ti), n. Want of sufficient 
power; incapacity. 

INACCESSIBLE (in-ak-ses'i-bl), a. Not to be 
reached, obtained, or approached. 

INACCESSIBLENESS (in-ak-ses'i-bl-nes), IN- 
ACCESSIBILITY (in-ak-ses-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being inaccessible. 

INACCURACY (in-ak'u-ra-si), n. [pi. INAC- 
CURACIES.] Want of exactness; mistake. 

INACCURATE (in-ak'u-rat), o. Not exact or 
correct; erroneous. 

INACCURATELY (in-ak'u-rat-li), adv. In an 
inaccurate manner. 

INACTION (in-ak'shun), n. ' Want of action; 
idleness; rest. 

INACTIVE (in-akt'iv), a. Not acting; idle; lazy. 
SYN. Indolent; sluggish; inert. ANT. 
Active; busy; industrious. 

INACTIVITY (in-ak-tiv'i-ti), n. Want of ac- 
tivity. 

INADEQUACY (in-ad'e-kwa-si), w. Quality or 
state of being inadequate. 

INADEQUATE (in-ad'e-kwat), a. Insufficient. 

INADEQUATELY (in-ad'e-kwat-li), adv. In an 
inadequate manner or degree. 

INADMISSIBILITY (in-ad-mis-i-biPi-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being inadmissible. 

INADMISSIBLE (in-ad-mis'i-bl), a. Not admis- 
sible or allowable. 

INADVERTENCE (in-ad-ver'tens), INADVER- 
TENCY (in-ad-ver'ten-si), n. [pi. INADVER'- 
TENCES, INADVERTENCIES.] Lack of atten- 
tion; negligence; oversight. 

INADVERTENT (in-ad-ver'tent), a. Not pay- 
ing attention or heed; heedless; careless. 

INADVERTENTLY (in-ad-ver'tent-li), adv. In 
an inadvertent manner. 

INALIENABLE (in-al'yen-a-bl), a. Not capable 
of being transferred. 

INAMORATA (en-a-mo-ra'ta), n. Sweetheart; 
woman with whom a man is in love. [It. 
innamorata.] 

INAMORATO (en-a-mo-ra'to), n. [pi. INA- 
MORATOS.] Male lover. [It. See EN AMOR.] 

INANE (in-an'), a. Empty; void of ordinary 
intelligence. [L. inanis.] 

INANIMATE (in-an'i-mat), a. Without anima- 
tion or life; dead. 

INANITION (in-a-nish'un), n. State of being 
inane; emptiness; exhaustion from want of 
food. 

INANITY (in-an'i-ti), n. [pi. INAN'ITIES.] 1. 
Empty space; senselessness. 2. Frivolous 
thing. 

INAPPLICABILITY (in-ap-li-ka-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being inapplicable. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' 



INAPPLICABLE 



605 



INCARCERATE 



INAPPLICABLE (in-ap'li-ka-bl), a. Not appli- 
cable »r suitable. 

SYN. Discordant; divergent; inapt; In- 
congruous; misplaced; unfit. ANT. Ac- 
cordant; compatible; conformable; con- 
sistent; harmonious; reconciled; relevant. 

INAPPRECIABLE (in-ap-pre'shi-a-bl), a. Not 
capable of being valued; not appreciable. 

INAPPROPRIATE (in-ap-pro'pri-at), a. Not 
suitable; not adaptable; impertinent. 

INAPT (in-apt'), a. Not apt; unfit. 

INAPTITUDE (In-ap'ti-tud), n. Want of apti- 
tude. 

INAPTLY (in-apt'li), adv. In an inapt manner. 

INARCHING (in-arch'ing), n. Bot. Method of 
grafting by which branches are united before 
being separated from the original stem. [L. 
in, and ARCH.] 

INARTICULATE (in-ar-tik'u-lat), a. 1. Not 
distinct. 2. Not jointed. 

INARTICULATELY (in-ar-tik'u-lat-li), adv. In 
an inarticulate manner. 

INARTICULATENESS (in-ar-tik'u-lat-nes), w. 
Quality or state of being inarticulate. 

INARTICULATION (in-ar-tik-u-la'shun), n. 
Inarticulateness. 

INARTISTIC (in-ar-tis'tik), INARTISTICAL (in- 
ar-tis'tik-al), a. Devoid of the basic princi- 
ples of art. 

INASMUCH (in-az-much'), adv. Since; seeing 
that; it being the case. 

INATTENTION (in-at-ten'shun), n. Want of 
attention; neglect; heedlessness. 

INATTENTIVE (in-at-ten'tiv), a. Careless. 
SYN. Abstracted; distrait; unheeding. 
ANT. Attentive; regardful; mindful; ob- 
servant; watchful. 

INATTENTIVELY (in-at-ten'tiv-li), adv. In an 
inattentive manner. 

INAUDIBLE (in-a'di-bl), a. Not capable of being 
heard. 

INAUDIBLY (in-a'di-bli), adv. In an inaudible 
manner. 

INAUGURAL (in-a'gu-ral), a. Pertaining to, or 
pronounced at, an inauguration. 

INAUGURATE (in-a'gu-rat), vt. [pr.p. INAU- 
GURATING; p.t. and p.p. INAUGURATED.] 

1. Induct into an office in a formal manner. 

2. Cause to begin. 3. Make a public exhi- 
bition of for the first time. [L. inauguro — in, 
in, and augur, diviner. 

INAUGURATION (in-a-gu-ra'shun), n. Act of 
inaugurating or state of being inaugurated. 

INAUGURATOR (in-a'gu-ra-tur), n. One who 
inaugurates; originator. 

INAUGURATOR Y (in-a'gu-ra-td-ri), a. Of or 
pertaining to inauguration. 

INAUSPICIOUS (in-as-pish'us), a. Not aus- 
picious; ill-omened; unlucky. 

INAUSPICIOUSLY (in-as-pish'us-li), adv. In 
an inauspicious manner. 

INAUSPICIOUSNESS (in-as-pish'us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being inauspicious. 



INBORN (in'barn), a. Born in or with; innate. 

INBREAK (in'brak), n. Sudden inroad. 

INBRED (in'bred), a. Bred within; innate; 
natural. 

INBREEDING (in-bred'ing), n. Mating of those 
closely related. 

INCA (ing'ka), n. 1. Ancient king or prince of 
Peru. 2. [I-] Member of formerly domi- 
nating tribe of South American Indians. 
[Peruv.] 

INCALCULABLE (in-kal'ku-la-bl), a. Not cal- 
culable; not capable of being reckoned. 

SYN. Boundless; endless; countless; 
innumerable; interminable; unapproach- 
able; untold. ANT. Limited; definite; ter- 
minable; measured. 

INCALCULABLY (in-kal'ku-la-bli), adv. In an 
incalculable degree. 

INCANDESCENCE (in-kan-des'ens), n. Quality 
or state of being incandescent; white heat. 

INCANDESCENT (in-kan-des'ent), a. White or 
glowing with 
heat. — Incan- 
descent lighft 
brilliant white 
light produced 
by a resisting 
conductor un- 
der an electric 
current, or by 
coal-gas, etc., 
burnt under a 
mantle hood 
that becomes 
readily incan- 
descent. [L. 
candesco, in- 
ceptive of can- 
deo, glow. Cf. 

INCANTATION Incandescent Gaslight. 

(in-kan-ta'shun), n. Magical charm uttered 
by singing; enchantment. [L. See ENCHANT.] 

INCAPABILITY (in-ka-pa-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being incapable. 

INCAPABLE (in-ka/pa-bl), a. Not capable; in- 
sufficient; unable. 

SYN. Unqualified; unfitted; incompe- 
tent; feeble; weak. ANT. Capable; quali- 
fied; able; fitted; clever; strong. 

INCAPABLY (in-ka'pa-bli), adv. In an inca- 
pable manner. 

INCAPACIOUS (in-ka-pa'shus), a. Lack of 
sufficient space to contain. 

INCAPACITATE (in-ka-pas'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. 
INCAPACITATING; p.t. and p.p. INCAPAC- 
ITATED.] Deprive of capacity; make inca- 
pable; disqualify. 

INCAPACITY (in-ka-pas'i-ti), n. [pi. INCA- 
PACITIES.] Want of power of mind; in- 
ability; disqualification. 

INCARCERATE (in-kar'ser-at), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
CARCERATING; p.t. and p.p. INCAR'CER- 




fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
" \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock, 



mute, hut, burn, 



INCARCERATION 



606 



INCITATION 



ATED.] Imprison. [L. in, in, and career, 
prison.] 

SYN. Immure; confine. ANT. Liberate; 
release. 
INCARCERATION (in-kar-ser-a'shun), n. Act 
of incarcerating or state of being incarcerated. 
INCARNADINE (in-kar'na-din), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
CAR'NADINING; p.t. and p.p. INCAR- 
NADINED (in-kar'na-dind).] Dye red. [Fr. — 
root of INCARNATE.] 
INCARNATE (in-kar'nat), vt. [pr.p. INCAR'- 
NATING;©.*. and p.p. INCAR'NATED.] Em- 
body in flesh. [L. in, in, and caro, camis, 
flesh.] 
INCARNATE (in-kar'nat), o. Embodied in 

flesh. 
INCARNATION (in-kar-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
embodying in flesh; act of taking a human 
body and the nature of a man. 2. Incarnate 
form. 3. Manifestation. 4. Process of heal- 
ing, or forming new flesh. [L.J 
INCASE (in-kas'), vt. [pr.p. INCA'SING-, p.t. and 
p.p. INCASED (in-kast').] Put in a case; sur- 
round with something solid. 
INCASEMENT (in-kas 'ment), n. 1. Act of in- 
casing or state of being incased. 2. That 
which incases; casing. 
INCAUTIOUS (in-ka'shus), a. Not cautious or 

careful. 
INCAUTIOUSLY (in-ka'shus-li), adv. In an in- 
cautious manner. 
INCAUTIOUSNESS (in-ka'shus-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being incautious. 
INCENDIARISM (in-sen'di-a-rizm), n. Act or 

practice of an incendiary. 
INCENDIARY (in-sen'di-a-ri), I. n. [pi. INCEN'- 
DI ARIES.] One that sets flre to a building, etc., 
maliciously. II. o. 1. Willfully setting fire 
to; relating to incendiarism. 2. Tending to 
excite sedition or quarrels. [L. incendo, kindle.] 
INCENSE (in-sens'), vt. [pr.p. INCEN'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. INCENSED (in-senst').] Inflame 
with anger. 
INCENSE (in'sens), n. Odor of spices burned in 
religious rites; materials so burned. [L. 
incensutn.] 
INCENTIVE (in-sen'tiv), I. a. Inciting; en- 
couraging. II. n. That which incites to 
action ; motive. [L.L. incentivus, striking up a 
tune — L. in, intensive and cano, sing.] 

SYN. Inducement; excitation; stimulus. 
ANT. Discouragement; dissuasion; deter- 
rent. 
INCEPTION (in-sep'shun), n. Beginning. [L. 

incipio, begin — in, on, and capio, seize.] 
INCEPTIVE (in-sep'tiv), I. a. Beginning or 
marking the beginning. II. n. That which 
begins; inceptive word. 
INCERTITUDE (in-ser'ti-tud), n. Want of 

certainty; doubtfulness. 
INCESSANT (in-ses'ant), a. Not ceasing; unin- 
terrupted; unintermitted; continual. [L. in, 
not, ana ccsso, cease. 1 




Inch-worm. 

falling; course, 
ray 



of 



INCESSANTLY (in-ses'ant-li), adv. In an in- 
cessant manner; unceasingly. 

INCEST (in'sest), n. Carnal relations within a 
degree of relationship within which marriage 
is prohibited by law. [L. incestus, unchaste.] 

INCESTUOUS (in-ses'tu-us), a. 1. Guilty of 
incest. 2. Involving the crime of incest. 

INCH (inch), n. Twelfth part of a foot; small 
distance or degree. — By inches, inchmeal, little 
by little, by slow degrees. [A. S. ynce — L. 
uncia, twelfth part.] 

INCHOATE (in'ko-at), a. Only begun; incipient. 
[L. inchoo, begin.] 

INCH-WORM(inch'wurm), 
n. Entom. Measuring 
worm; looper. 

INCIDENCE (in'si-dens), 
n. 1. Meeting of one 
body with another. 2. 
Manner or direction of 
Angle of incidence, angle at which 
light, heat, etc., falls upon a surface. 

INCIDENT (in'si-dent), I. a. 1. Falling upon; 
fortuitous. 2. Liable to occur; naturally 
belonging. II. n. 1. Event. 2. Subordi- 
nate occurrence. [L. in, in, and cado, fall.] 

INCIDENTAL (in-si-den'tal), I. o. 1. Happening 
or done by the way; concomitant. 2. Occur- 
ring undesignedly; casual. II. n. Casual or 
subordinate matter; used in plural with ref- 
erence to minor or insignifioant expenses or 
details. 

INCIDENTALLY (in-si-den'tal-i), adv. In an 
incidental manner. 

INCINERATE (in-sin'er-at), vt. [pr.p. INCIN'- 
ERATING; pt. and p.p. INCIN'ERATED.] 
Burn to ashes. [L. in, into, and cinis, ashes.] 

INCINERATOR (in-sin'er-a-tur), n. Device for 
reducing substances to ashes by burning. 

INCIPIENCE (in-sip'i-ens), INCIPIENCY (in- 
sip'i-en-si), n. State of being incipient; 
opening stage; beginning. 

INCIPIENT (in-sip'i-ent), a. Belonging to the 
first stage; initial; beginning. [L. incip- 
iens, pr.p. of incipio, begin.] 

INCISE (in-siz'), vt. [pr.p. INCI'SING; p.t. and 
p.p. INCISED (in-sizd').] 1. Cut into. 2. 
Engrave. [Fr. — L. in, into, and ceedo, cut.] 

INCISED (in-sizd'), a. Bot. Having the leaf 
margins as if cut. 

INCISION (in-sizh'un), n. 1. Act of cutting iuto. 

2. Cut; gash. 
INCISIVE (in-si'siv), a. Having the quality of 
cutting into, or penetrating as with a sharp 
instrument; trenchant; acute; sarcastic. 
INCISOR (in-sl'sur), n. Cutting or foretooth. 

[L.] 
INCISORY (in-si'so-ri), a. Incisive. 
INCITANT (in-si'tant), INCFTATIVE (in-si'ta- 

tiv), n. Provocative; stimulant. 
INCITATION (in-si-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of in- 
citing or rousing; incitement. 2. That which 
stimulates to action; incentive. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



INCITE 



607 



INCOMPARABLY 



2. Act of in- 

[pl. INCIVIL'I- 
2. Act of dis- 

w. [pi. IN- 



INCITE (in-sif), vt. [pr.p. INCITING; p.t. and 
p.p. INCI'TED.] Rouse to action; spur on. 
[L. cito, rouse.] 

SYN. Urge; encourage; stimulate; insti- 
gate; prompt; excite. ANT. Discourage; 
damp; repress; hold; restrain. 

INCITEMENT (in-sit'ment), n. 1. That which 
rouses to action; stimulus, 
stigating. 

INCIVILITY (in-si-vil'i-ti), n. 
TIES.] 1. Want of courtesy, 
courtesy. 

INCLEMENCY (in-klem'en-si), 

CLEM'ENCIES.] Quality of being inclement. 

INCLEMENT (in-klem'ent), a. 1. Unmerciful. 
2. Stormy; very cold. 

INCLINABLE (in-kli'na-bl), a. That may be in- 
clined; leaning; somewhat disposed. 

INCLINATION (in-kli-na'shun), n. 1. Bending; 
deviation. 2. Tendency; bent. 3. Angle 
between two lines or planes. 

SYN. Proclivity; propensity; bend; pre- 
dilection; proneness. ANT. Aversion; in- 
aptitude; opposition; disinclination. 

INCLINE (in-klin'), v. [pr.p. INCLINING; p.t. 
and p.p. INCLINED (in-klind').] I. vi. 1. Lean; 
deviate from a line. 2. Be disposed; 
have a desire. II. vt. 1. Cause to bend 
towards; give a leaning to. 2. Dispose. — 
Inclined plane, one of the mechanical powers, 
a slope or plane up which may be rolled a 
weight one could not lift. [L. inclino — in, 
towards, and clino, bend.] 

SYN. Bend; slant; slope; tend. 

INCLINE (in-klin'), n. Inclined surface; sloping 
ascent or descent. 

INCLINOMETER (in-kli-nom'e-ter), n. 1. 
Device for ascertaining the angles of slopes. 
2. Elec. Apparatus for ascertaining the diver- 
gent angle of magnetic force. 

INCLOSE (in'kldz'), ENCLOSE (en'kloz), vt. 
[pr.p. INCLO'SING; p.t. and p.p. INCLOSED 
(in-klozd').] 1. Close or shut in; confine; 
surround. 2. Fence. 3. Place in an en- 
velope or wrapper. See ENCLOSE. [Fr. — L. 
includo, inclusus, shut in.] 

INCLOSURE (in-klo'zhor), n. 1. Act of inclo- 
sing. 2. State of being inclosed. 3. That 
which is inclosed. 4. Space fenced off. 5. 
That which incloses. 

INCLUDE (in-klod'), vt. [pr.p. INCLU'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. INCLU'DED.] Close or shut in; 
embrace within limits; contain; comprehend. 
[L. in, in, and claudo, shut.] 

SYN. Admit; compose; embrace; involve; 
embody; hold; combine. ANT. Exclude; 
banish; omit; repudiate; neglect; elimi- 
nate; reject; segregate; separate. 

INCLUSION (in-klo'zhun), n. Act of including. 

INCLUSIVE (in-klo'siv), a. Shutting in; in- 
closing; comprehending. 

INCLUSIVELY (in-klo'siv-li), adv. In an in- 
clusive manner. 



INCOG (in-kog'). Abbreviation in common use 
for INCOGNITO. 

INCOGNITO (in-kog'ni-to), I. a. Unknown; 
disguised. II. adv. In concealment; in a 
disguise; under an assumed name or title. 
III. n. 1. One in disguise. 2. State of being 
in disguise. [It. — L. incognitus.] 

INCOGNIZABLE (in-kog'ni-za-bl or in-kon'i- 
za-bl), a. That cannot be known or distin- 
guished. 

INCOGNIZANT (in-kog'ni-zant), a. Not cogni- 
zant. 

INCOHERENCE (in-ko-her'ens), INCOHER- 
ENCY (in-ko-her 'en-si), n. [pi. INCOHER'- 
ENCES, INCOHER'ENCIES.] 1. Want of 
coherence. 2. Want or absence of cohesion. 

SYN. Freedom; laxity; disjunction; ab- 
erration; delusion; hallucination; oddity. 
ANT. Adhesion; cohesion; consolidation; 
inseparability; sanity; lucidity; rationality. 

INCOHERENT (in-ko-her'ent), a. Not con- 
nected; incongruous. 

INCOMBUSTIBILITY (in-kom-bus-ti-bil'i-ti), 
n. Quality or state of being incombustible. 

INCOMBUSTIBLE (in-kom-bus'ti-bl), a. In- 
capable of being consumed by fire. 

INCOME (in'kum), n. Earnings, profit, or inter- 
est, coming in regularly. 

SYN. Revenue; receipt; produce. ANT. 
Expenditure; disbursement. 

INCOMER (in'kum-er), n. New-comer; fresh 
arrival; immigrant. 

INCOMING (in'kum-ing), a. 1. Entering upon 
or coming in; as, incoming officials or tenants. 
2. Immediately succeeding; as, the incoming 
year. 

INCOMMENSURABLE (in-kom-inen'su-ra-bl), 
a. Having no common measure. 

INCOMMENSURATE (in-kom-men'su-rat), a. 
Inadequate; disproportionate; unequally meas- 
ured. 

INCOMMODE (in-kom-mod'), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
COMMO'DING; p.t. and p.p. IMCOMMO'DED.] 
Cause inconvenience to; molest. [L. incom- 
modus, inconvenient.] 

INCOMMODIOUS (in-kom-mo'di-us), a. Not 
commodious; inconvenient; annoying. 

INCOMMUNICABLE (in-kom-mu'ni-ka-bl), a. 
Incapable of being communicated or imparted 
to others. 

INCOMMUNICATIVE (in-kom-mu'ni-ka-tiv), a. 
Not disposed to converse or to answer ques- 
tions; unsocial. 

INCOMMUTABLE (in-kom-mu'ta-bl), a. Not 
susceptible of being varied or exchanged. 

INCOMPACT (in-kom-pakf), a. Not firm or 
solid; loosely put together. 

INCOMPARABLE (in-kom'pa-ra-bl), a. Match- 
less. 

INCOMPARABLENESS (in-kom'pa-ra-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being incomparable. 

INCOMPARABLY (in-kom'pa-ra-bli), adv. In 
an incomparable manner. 



fttte, fat, t&sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



INCOMPATIBILITY 



608 



INCONVENIENCE 



INCOMPATIBILITY (in-kom-pat-i-bil'i-ti), n. 

Quality or state of being incompatible. 
INCOMPATIBLE (in-kom-pat'i-bl), a. Not con- 
sistent; contradictory. 

SYN. Incongruous; discordant; irrecon- 
cilable; repugnant. ANT. Compatible; con- 
sistent; accordant; harmonious. 
INCOMPETENCE (in-kom'pe-tens), INCOM- 
PETENCY (in-kom'pe-ten-si), n. State of 
being incompetent; insufficiency; inability. 
INCOMPETENT (in-kom'pe-tent), a. Wanting 
adequate qualifications. 

SYN. Incapable; inefficient; disqualified; 
unfit; inadequate; insufficient. ANT. Com- 
petent; able efficient. 
INCOMPLETE (in-kom-plef), a. Imperfect. 
INCOMPLETELY (in-kom-plet'li), adv. In an 

incomplete manner. 
INCOMPLETENESS (in-kom-plet'nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being incomplete. 
INCOMPLETION (in-kom-ple'shun), n. State 

of being incomplete. 
INC03IPREHENSTBLE (in-kom-pre-hen'si-bl), 

a. Inconceivable. 
INCOMPREHENSLBLENESS (in-kom-pre-hen'- 
si-bl-nes), n. State or quality of being incom- 
prehensible. 
INCOMPREHENSIBLY (in-kom-pre-hen'si-bli) , 

adv. In an incomprehensible manner. 
INCOMPREHENSIVE (in-kom-pre-hen'siv), a. 

Not comprehensive; limited. 
INCONCEIVABLE (in-kon-sev'a-bl), a. That 

cannot be conceived; incomprehensible. 
INCONCEIVABLENESS (In-kon-sev'a-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being inconceivable. 
INCONCEIVABLY (in-kon-sev'a-bli), adv. In 

an inconceivable manner. 
INCONCLUSIVE (in-kon-klo'siv), a. Not set- 
tling a point in debate. 
INCONCLUSIVELY (in-kon-klo'siv-li), adv. In 

an Inconclusive manner. 
INCONCLUSIVENESS (in-kon-klo'siv-nes), n. 

Quality or state of being inconclusive. 
INCONDITE (in-kon'dit), a. Not well put to- 
gether; Ill-arranged. [L. in, not, con, to- 
gether, and do, put.] 
INCONGRUITY (in-kon-gro'i-tt), n. [pi. IN- 
CONGRUITIES.] 1. Quality or state of being 
incongruous. 2. That which is incongruous. 
INCONGRUOUS (in-kong'gro-us), a. Incon- 
sistent; unsuitable. 

SYN. Contradictory; incompatible; irrec- 
oncilable; discrepant. ANT. Compatible; 
consistent; accordant; congruous. 
INCONGRUOUSLY (in-kong'gro-us-li), adv. In 

an incongruous manner. 
INCONSEQUENCE (in-kon'se-kwens), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inconsequent. 
INCONSEQUENT (in-kon'se-kwent), a. Not fol- 
lowing from the premises. 
INCONSEQUENTIAL (in-kon-se-kwen'shal), a. 
1. Not regularly following from the prem- 
ises. 2. Of little importance. 



INCONSIDERABLE (Ln-kon-sid'er-a-bl), a. Not 
worthy of notice; unimportant. 

INCONSIDERATE (in-kon-sid'er-at), a. Not 
considerate ; thoughtless. 

INCONSIDERATELY (in-kon-sid'er-at-li), adv. 
In an inconsiderate manner. 

INCONSIDERATENESS (in-kon-sid'er-at-nes), 
n. Want of due consideration or thought. 

INCONSISTENCY (in-kon-sist'en-si), INCON- 
SISTENCE (in-kon-sist'ens), n. [pi. INCON- 
SIST'ENCMIS.] 1. Quality or state of being 
inconsistent. 2. That which is inconsistent. 

INCONSISTENT (in-kon-sist'ent), o. Not con- 
sistent; not suitable or agreeing. 
SYN. See INCOMPATIBLE. 

INCONSISTENTLY (in-kon-sist'ent-li), adv. In 
an inconsistent manner. 

INCONSOLABLE (in-kon-so'la-bl), a. Not to 
be consoled or comforted; disconsolate. 

INCONSOLABLY (in-kon-sd'la-bli), adv. In a 
manner or degree incapable of consolation. 

INCONSONANT (in-kon'so-nant), a. Discord- 
ant; displaying lack of harmony. 

INCONSPICUOUS (in-kon-spik'u-us), a. Not 
conspicuous; not readily noticed. 

INCONSPICUOUSLY (in-kon-spik'u-us-li), adv. 
In an inconspicuous manner. 

INCONSPICUOUSNESS (in-kon-spik'u-us-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being inconspic- 
uous. 

INCONSTANCY (in-kon'stan-si), n. Quality or 
state of being inconstant. 

INCONSTANT (in-kon'stant), a. Not constant. 
SYN. Fickle; changeable; capricious; 
unsteady; wavering; variable; uncertain; 
unstable; fluctuating; volatile. ANT. Con- 
stant; steadfast; unchanging; resolute; 
steady; immutable; uniform; fixed; firm; 
unalterable. 

INCONSTANTLY (in-kon'stant-li), adv. In an 
inconstant manner. 

INCONTESTABLE (in-kon-test'a-bl), a. Too 
clear to be called in question; undeniable. 
SYN. Indisputable; irrefragable; indu- 
bitable; incontrovertible; certain. ANT. Du- 
bious; questionable; problematical; suppo- 
sititious; assumptive; hypothetical. 

INC ONTEST ABLY (in-kon-test'a-bli), adv. In 
an incontestable manner. 

INCONTINENCE (in-kon'ti-nens), INCONTI- 
NENCY (in-kon'ti-nen-si), n. Want of self- 
restraint or continence. 

INCONTINENT (in-kon'ti-nent), a. Not re- 
straining the passions or appetites; unchaste. 

INCONTINENTLY (in-kon'ti-nent-li), adv. 1. 
Dissolutely. 2. Immediately. 

INCONTROVERTIBLE (in-kon-tro-vert'i-bl), a. 
Too clear to be called in question. 

INCONTROVERTIBLY (in-kon-tro-vert'i-bli), 
adv. In an incontrovertible manner. 

INCONVENIENCE (in-kon-ve'nyens), n. 1. 
Want of convenience. 2. Cause of trouble or 
uneasiness. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, bn=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



INCONVENIENCE 



609 



INCUMBENT 



INCONVENIENCE (in-kon-ve'nyens), vt. [pr.p. 
INCONVENIENCING; p.t. and p.p. INCONVE- 
NIENCED (in-kon-ve'nyenst).] Put to incon- 
venience; incommode. 

INCONVENIENT (in-kon-ve'nyent), a. Un- 
suitable; causing trouble or uneasiness. 

INCONVENIENTLY (in-kon-ve'nyent-li), adv. 
In an inconvenient manner. 

INCONVERTIBLE (in-kon-vert'i-bi), a. Not to 
be changed or exchanged. 

INCORPORATE (in-kar'po-rat, v. [pr.p. IN- 
CORPORATING; p.t. and p.p. INCOB'PO- 
RATED.] I. vt. 1. Form into a body. 2. Com- 
bine into one mass. 3. Form into a corpora- 
tion. II. vi. Form or unite in a body; be- 
come incorporated. 

INCORPORATE (in-kar'po-rat), a. 1. Incorpo- 
rated. 2. Of or pertaining to a corporation. 

INCORPORATION (in-kar-po-ra'shun), n. 1. 
Act of incorporating or state of being incor- 
porated. 2. Corporation. 

INCORPORATIVE (in-kar'po-ra-tiv), a. In- 
corporating or tending to incorporate. 

INCORPORATOR (in-kar'po-ra-tur), n. One 
who incorporates; incorporating member of a 
corporation. 

INCORPOREAL (in-kar-po're-al), a. Not hav- 
ing a body; spiritual. 

INCORPOREALLT (in-kar-po're-al-i), adv. In 
an incorporeal manner. 

INCORRECT (in-kor-rekf), a. 1. Not correct 
as to form, structure or model. 2. Improper; 
disorderly as to habit. 

INCORRIGIBILITY (in-kor-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. In- 
corrigibleness. 

INCORRIGIBLE (in-kor'i-ji-bl), a. Bad be- 
yond correction or reform. 

INCORRIGIBLENESS (in-kor'i-ji-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being incorrigible. 

INCORRUPTION (in-kor-rup'shun), n. Purity; 
exemption or freedom from corruption. 

INCORRUPTIBLE (in-kor-rupt'i-bl), a. 1. Not 
capable of decay. 2. That cannot be bribed; 
inflexibly just. 

INCORRUPTIBLENESS (in-kor-rupt'i-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being incorruptible. 

INCRASSATE (in-kras'at), o. Bot. Thick- 
ened; swelling by degrees. 

INCREASE (in-kres'), v. [pr.p. INCREASING; 
p.t. and p.p. INCREASED (in-krest').J 1. vt. 
Make greater. II. vi. Become greater. 

INCREASE (in'kres), n. Growth; addition; 
profit; produce. [0. Fr. encresse — L» incresco, 
grow.] 

INCREDIBILITY (in-kred-i-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. 
INCREDIBILITIES.] 1. Incredibleness. 2. 
That which is incredible. 

INCREDIBLE (in-kred'i-bl), a. Surpassing be- 
lief. 

INCREDULITY (in-kre-du'li-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being incredulous. 

INCREDULOUS (in-kred'u-lus), a. Indisposed 
to believe. 



:*^iP 



Incubator, 
implanting of a disease 



INCREMENT (in'kre-ment), n. Growth, espe- 
cially in the value of real estate from increased 
population, traffic, etc. [See INCREASE.] 

INCRIMINATE (in-krim'i-nat), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
CRIMINATING; p.t. and p.p. INCRIMINA- 
TED.] Charge with a crime. 

INCROYABLE (ang-krwa-ya'bl), n. During 
the French Directorate (1795-'99), one who 
was given to extravagant foppery in dress. — 
Incroyable gown, gown having the coat 
long of tail and cut off squarely and 
abruptly above the waist line in front, with 
long sleeves, massively cuffed, with huge 
revers and pocket flaps — all profusely be- 
decked with buttons. 

INCRUST (in-krust), vt. [pr.p. INCRUST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INCRUST'ED.] Cover with a 
hard case. 

INCRUSTATION (in-krus-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of covering with a shell or crust-like sub- 
stance. 2. Something that has become in- 
crusted or covered with a hard case. 

INCUBATE (in'ku-bat), v. ^_t_ 

[pr.p. IN'CUBATING; p.t. 
and p.p. INCUBATED.] 
I. vt. 1. Produce by hatch- 
ing. 2. Turn over in the 
mind. II. vi. Sit on eggs 
to hatch them. 

INCUBATION (in-ku-ba'- 
shun), n. 1. Act of sitting 
on eggs to hatch them. 2. 
Period between the 
and its development. 

INCUBATOR (in'ku-ba-tur), n. Machine for 
hatching eggs by artificial heat. 

INCUBUS (ing'ku-bus), n. [pi. IN'CUBUSES or 
INCUBI (ing'ku-bi).] 1. Nightmare. 2. Op- 
pressive influence. [L. incubo.] 

INCULCATE (in-kul'kat), vt. [pr.p. INCUL'- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. INCUL'CATED.] Im- 
press by admonitions. [L. in, not, and calco, 
tread — calx, heel.] 

SYN. Teach; implant; infuse; instill. 
ANT. Efface; erase. 

INCULPATE (in-kul'pat), vt. [pr.p. INCUL'PA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INCULPATED.] Incrim- 
inate ; show to be guilty ; censure. [L. in in, 
and culpa, fault.] 

INCULPATION (in-kul-pa'shun), n. Act of 
inculpating or state of being inculpated. 

INCULPATORY (in-kul'pa-to-ri), a. Tending 
to inculpate. 

INCUMBENCY (in-kum'ben-si), n. [pi. IN- 
CUM'BENCIES.] 1. State of holding an of- 
fice. 2. Period during which an office i=s held. 

INCUMBENT (in-kum'bent), I. a. 1. Lying or 
resting on. 2. Bot. In relation to the posi- 
tion of the embryo, having the cotyledons 
folded so as to bring the back of one against 
the radicle. II. n. One who holds an office or 
benefice. [L. incumbens, pr.p. of incumbo, 
lie upon.] 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not move .wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, )zh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INCUR 



610 



INDEPENDENT 



INCUR (In-kurO, vt. [pr.p. INCURRING; p.t. 
and p.p. INCURRED (in-kiird").] Become 
liable to; run into. [L. in, against, and curro, 
run.] 

INCURABLE (in-kur'a-bl), I. a. That cannot 
be cured. II. n. One beyond cure. 

INCURIOUS (in-ku'ri-us), a. Not curious or 
prying; indifferent. 

INCURSION (in-kiir'shun), n. Hostile inroad; 
raid. [Fr. — L. incur sio — incurro.] 

INCURSIVE (in-kur'siv), a. Pertaining to, or 
making, an incursion or inroad. 

INCURVATE (in-kurv'at),trt. [pr.p. INCURV- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. INCURV'ATED.] Curve 
or bend. [L. in, in, and curvus, bent.] 

INCURVATE (in-kurv'at), a. Curved inward or 
upward. 

INCUS (ing'kus),n. [pi. INCUDES (ing'ku-dez).] 
Bone of the internal ear. [L., anvil.] 

INDEBTED (in-det'ed), a. Being in debt; 
obliged. 

INDEBTEDNESS (in-det'ed-nes), n. 1. State of 
being indebted. 2. Amount of debts owing. 

INDECENCY (in-de'sen-si), n. [pi. INDECEN- 
CIES.] 1. Quality or state of being indecent. 
2. That which is indecent. 

SYN. Corruption; demoralization; de- 
pravity; impropriety; immorality; wieked- 
nes; frailty; vice. ANT. Virtue; morality; 
decency; rectitude; innocence. 

INDECENT (in-de'sent), a. Offensive to com- 
mon modesty. 

INDECENTLY (in-de'sent-li), adv. In an inde- 
cent manner. 

INDECIPHERABLE (in-de-si'fer-a-bl), a. Not 
susceptible of being distinguished or inter- 
preted. 

INDECISION (in-de-sizh'un), n. Want of de- 
cision; hesitation. 

INDECISIVE (in-de-si'siv), a. Uncertain; hesi- 
tating; not reaching a decision. 

INDECLINABLE (in-de-kli'na-bl), a. Not va- 
ried by determinations of case and number. 

INDECOROUS (in-de-ko'rus or in-dek'o-rus), a. 
Not becoming; violating good manners. 

INDECORUM (in-de-ko'rum), w. Want of pro- 
priety of conduct. 

INDEED (in-ded'), adv. In fact; in truth; in 
reality. 

INDEFATIGABLE (in-de-fat'i-ga-bl), a. That 
cannot be tired out; unremitting in effort; 
persevering. [L. in, not, de, down, and 
fatigo, tire.] 

INDEFATIGABLY (in-de-fat'i-ga-bli), adv. In 
an indefatigable manner. 

INDEFENSIBILITY (in-de-fe-zi-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being Indefeasible. 

INDEFEASIBLE (in-de-fe'zi-bl), a. Not to be 
defeated. 

INDEFENSIBLE (in-de-fen'si-bl), a. That can- 
not be maintained or justified. 

INDEFINABLE (in-de-fi'na-bl), a. Not to be 
defined. 



INDEFINITE (in-def'i-nit), a. Not limited; not 
precise or certain. 

SYN. Vague; dim; obscure; inexplicit; 
inexact; equivocal. ANT. Clear; speci- 
fied; definitive; specific; certain. 

INDEFINITELY (in-def'i-nit-li), adv. In an 
indefinite manner. 

INDEFINITENESS (in-def'i-nit-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being indefinite. 

INDELIBILITY (in-del-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being indelible. 

INDELIBLE (in-del'i-bl), a. That cannot be 
effaced. [L. in, not, and deleo, destroy.] 

INDELIBLENESS (in-del'i-bl-nes), w. Indel- 
ibility. 

INDELIBLY (in-del'i-bli), adv. In an indelible 
manner. 

INDELICACY (in-del'i-ka-si), n. Want of deli- 
cacy or refinement; rudeness. 

INDELICATE (in-del'i-kat), a. Offensive to 
good manners or purity of mind; coarse. 

INDELICATELY (in-den-kat-li), adv. In an 
indelicate manner. 

INDEMNIFICATION (in-dem-ni-fi-ka'shun), n. 
1. Act of indemnifying. 2. That which in- 
demnifies. 

INDEMNIFY (in-dem'ni-fi), vt. [pr.p. INDEM'- 
ND7YING; p.t. and p.p. INDEMND7IED (in- 
dem'ni-fid).] Repay; secure against loss. [L, 
in, not, damnum, loss, and facio, make.] 

INDEMNITY (in-dem'ni-ti), n. [pi. INDEMNI- 
TIES.] Security from damage, loss, or pun- 
ishment; compensation for loss or injury, 
[L. indemnitas.] 

INDEMONSTRABLE (in-de-mon'stra-bl), a, 
That cannot be proved. 

INDENT (in-denf), vt. [pr.p. INDENTING; p.t, 
and p.p. INDENT 'ED.] 1. Cut into points like 
teeth; notch. 2. Print. Begin further in from 
the margin than the rest of a paragraph. [L.L, 
indento — L. in, in, and dens, dentis, tooth.] 

INDENTATION (in-den-ta'shun), n. Act c 
indenting or notching; notch; recess. 

INDENTION (in-den'shun), n. Print. Setting of 
type a space or more within the margin. 

INDENTURE (in-den'tur), n. Written agree- 
ment between two or more parties; contract 
(originally written in duplicate on one sheet, 
which was then cut apart on a zigzag line). 
[O.F. cndenture — L.L. indentura — indento. See 
INDENT.] 

INDENTURE (in-den'tur), vt. [pr.p. INDENTUR- 
ING ; p.<. and p.p. INDENTURED(in-den'turd).] 
Bind by an indenture, as an apprentice. 

INDEPENDENCE (in-de-pend'ens), n. Quality 
or state of being independent. — Independence 
day, legal holiday on July 4, celebrating the 
anniversary of the declaration by Congress of 
the independence of the United States. 

INDEPENDENCY (in-de-pend'en-si), n. 1. In- 
dependence. 2. Eccl. Congregationalism. 

INDEPENDENT (in-de-pend'ent), I. a. 1. Not 
dependent or relying on others; not subordi- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



INDEPENDENTLY 



611 



INDIFFERENCE 



nate; not subject to another. 2. Thinking 
for one's self; self-governing. 3. Affording 
a comfortable livelihood; moderately wealthy. 
4. Irrespective; exclusive. II. n. One who 
lives or thinks independently. 

INDEPENDENTLY (in-de-pend'ent-li), adv. 1. 
In an independent manner. 2. Irrespective. 

INDESCRIBABLE (in-de-skri'ba-bl), a. That 
cannot be described. 

INDESTRUCTIBLE (in-de-struk'ti-bl), a. That 
cannot be destroyed. 

INDETERMINABLE (in-de-ter'min-a-bl), a. Not 
to be ascertained or ended. 

INDETERMINATE (in-de-ter'min-at), a. Not 
fixed. 

INDETERMINATELY (in-de-ter'min-at-li), adv. 
In an indeterminate manner. 

INDETERMINATENESS (in-de-ter 'min-at-nes) , 
n. Quality or state of being indeterminate. 

INDETERMINATION (in-de-ter'min-a'shun), n. 
Want of determination. 

INDETERMINED (in-de-ter'mind), a. Not de- 
termined; unsettled. 

INDEX (in'deks), n. [pi. INDEXES (in'deks-ez), 
or INDICES (in'di-sez).] 1. Anything that 
indicates or points out; a hand that directs to 
anything (filP). 2. List of subjects treat- 
ed of in a book. 3. Math. Exponent of a 
power. — Index finger, fore-finger, next the 
thumb. — Index Expurgatorius, in the R.C. 
church, an authoritative list of books to be 
read only in expurgated editions. — Index re- 
rum, an index of subjects. — Index verborium,a,n 
index of words. — Thumb index, alphabetical 
arrangement of letters on the edges of pages 
of a book indicating position of contents. [L. 
index, indicis — indico, show.] 
1 INDIA (in'di-a), n. East Indies, an extensive 
region in S. Asia. Area 1,587,104 sq. m. 

INDIA (in'di-a), a. Of or pertaining to India. — 
India Ink, black pigment made originally in 
China. — India paper, very fine soft paper, orig- 
inally made in China and Japan,used for "India 
proofs," the first and finest 
prints from engravings. 

INDIAMAN (in'di-a-man), n. 
Large ship employed in 
trade between Great Brit- 
ain and British India. 

INDIAN (in'di-an), I. a. 
Belonging to the Indies, 
East or West, or to the 
aborigines of America. 
II. n. 1. Native of the 

Indies. 2. Aboriginal of Charcot, hereditary 

America; American In- chief of theFlathead 

T ,. . Tribe of American 

dian. — Indian corn, maize, i n( ii anSi an d last of 

so called because brought the great Indian 

from W. Indies.— Indian chiefs of the North- 

~, , „, Tri ,* west. Born, 1835 

file, single file. [From the ILdie^, 1910! 

name of the River Indus.] 
INDIANA (in-di-an'a), n. One of the U.S. Area 
36,350 sq. m. Capital, Indianapolis. 



Between 




Indian Ocean (in'di-an oshan). 

Africa, Asia, and the Pacific. 

Indian Territory (in'di-an ter'i-to-ri). a 

former territory of U. S. reserved for Indians, 
now part of the State of Oklahoma. 
INDIA-RUBBER (in'di-a-rub-er or in-di-a-rub'- 
er), n. 1. Caoutchouc; gum-elastic, the most 
elastic substance known. 2. Overshoe made 
of india-rubber. 
INDIC (in'dik), a. Belonging to India. Used of 
the Indo-European languages, such as San- 
skrit, etc. 

INDICANT (in'di-kant), I. a. Indicating. II. n. 
That which indicates. 

INDICATE (in'di-kat), vt. [pr.p. IN'DICATING; 
p.t. and p.p. IN'DICATED.] 1. Point out; 
denote. 2. Be a sign or token of. [L. indico, 
point out.] 

SYN. Show; evidence; evince; manifest; 
declare; specify. ANT. Conceal; falsify; 
misdirect. 

INDICATION (in-di-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of in- 
dicating. 2. That which indicates; mark; 
token; symptom. 

INDICATIVE (in-dik'a-tiv), a. 1. Pointing out; 
giving intimation of. 2. Gram. Applied to 
the mood of the verb which affirms or denies 
a fact. 

INDICATIVELY (in-dik'a-tiv-li), adv. 
In an indicative manner. 

INDICATOR (in'di-ka-tur), n. 1. 
One who or that which indicates. 
2. Instrument on a steam-engine 
to show the pressure during one 
complete stroke of the piston. 3. 
Elec. Device used to show the con- 
dition of distant elements, such as 
temperature, height of water, steam 
pressure, etc. — Stock indicator, elec- 
tric telegraph apparatus which 
prints automatically on an un- 
winding strip of paper the market 
quotations sent out from a central Indicator. 
office; ticker. [L. in, in, and dico, tell, proclaim.] 

INDICES (in'di-sez), n. Plural of INDEX. Used 
in science and mathematics. 

INDICT (in-dif), vt. [pr.p. INDICT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. INDICT'ED.] Charge with a crime for- 
mally or in writing, especially by a grand jury. 
[L. in, in, and dicto, freq. of dico, say.] 

INDICTABLE (in-dit'a-bl), a. 1. Liable to be 
indicted. 2. That forms a subject or ground 
of indictment. 

INDICTMENT (in-dit'ment), n. 1. Formal 
charge or accusation found by a grand jury. 
2. Act of indicting. 

INDIES (in'diz), n.pl. 1. East Indies, or India. 
2. West Indies, islands in Atlantic Ocean, 
between Cape Florida and South America. 

INDIFFERENCE (in-dif'er-ens), n. 1. State of 
being indifferent. 2. State of being of indif- 
ferent quality; mediocrity. 

SYN. Triviality; unimportance; insignif- 




fite, fat. task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met her; mite, mit; note not. : move wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INDIFFERENT 



612 



INDO 



Icance; coolness; carelessness; composure. 
ANT. Curiosity; anxiety; concern; interest. 

INDIFFERENT (in-dif er-ent), a. 1. Without 
importance. 3. Neutral. 3. Unconcerned. 

INDIFFERENTLY (in-dif Si-ent-li), adv. 1. In 
an indifferent manner. 2. Poorly. 

INDIGENCE (in'di-jens), n. Quality or state of 
being indigent; want; penury, poverty. 

INDIGENOUS (in-dij'e-nus), a. Native born or 
originating in; produced naturally in a coun- 
try. [L. in, and gen, root of gigno, produce.] 

INDIGENT (in'di-jent), a. Destitute of means 
of subsistence; poor. [L. in, in, and egeo, 
need.] 

INDIGESTED (in-di-jesf ed), a. Not digested; 
not assimilated; not methodized. 

INDIGESTIBLE (in-di-jesf i-bl), a. Not easily 
digested. 

INDIGESTION (in-di-jesf yun), n. Defective 
digestion; dyspepsia. 

INDIGNANT (in-dig'nant), a. Affected with 
anger and disdain. [L. in, not, and dignus, 
worthy.] 

INDIGNANTLY (in-dig'nant-li), adv. With in- 
dignation. 

INDIGNATION (in-dig-na'shun), n. Anger 
mixed with contempt. 

INDIGNITY (in-dig'ni-ti), n. [pi. INDIG'NI- 
TIES.] Unmerited contemptuous treatment. 

INDIGO (indi-go), n. 1. Blue dye first obtained 
from the stalks of the indigo plant. 2. Deep 
blue color, formerly considered as a separate 
color in the solar spectrum. [Sp. indica — L. 
indicus, Indian.] 

INDIRECT (in-di-rekf), a. 1. Not direct or 
straight. 2. Remotely connected. 3. Not 
straightforward or honest. 

INDIRECTION (in-di-rek'shun), n. Indirect 
course or means. 

INDIRECTLY (in-di-rekt'li), adv. In an indi- 
rect manner. 

INDIRECTNESS (in-di-rekf nes), n. Quality of 
being indirect. 

INDISCERNIBLE (in-di-zern'i-bl), a. Not to be 
observed or seen. 

INDISCREET (in-dis-kref ), a. Imprudent; in- 
Judicious. 

INDISCREETLY (in-dis-kref li), adv. In an 
indiscreet manner. 

INDISCREETNESS (in-dis-kref nes), n. State 
or quality of being indiscreet. 

INDISCRETION (in-dis-kresh'un), n. 1. Want 
of discretion; rashness. 2. Indiscreet act; 
false step. 

INDISCRIMINATE (In-dis-krim'i-nat), a. Not 
distinguishing; promiscuous. 

INDISCRIMINATELY (in-dis-krim'i-nat-li),artt% 
In an indiscriminate manner. 

INDISPENSABLE (in-dis-pensa-bl), a. Ab- 
solutely necessary. 

SYN. Exigent; requisite; essential; im- 
perative; obligatory. ANT. Optional; un- 
necessary; dispensable; needless. 



INDISPENSABLENESS (in-dis-pen'sa-bl-nes) , 
n. Quality or state of being indispensable. 

INDISPENSABLY (in-dis-pen'sa-hli), adv. In 
an indispensable manner. 

INDISPOSE (in-dis-poz'), vt. [pr.p. INDISPO'- 
SING; p.t. and p.p.INDISPOSED (in-dis-pdzd').] 
1. Render indisposed or unfit. 2. Make averse to. 

INDISPOSED (in-dis-pozd), a. 1. Averse; dis- 
inclined. 2. Slightly disordered in health. 

INDISPOSITION (in-dis-po-zish'un), n. 1. Dis- 
inclination. 2. Slight illness. 

INDISPUTABLE (in-dis'pu-ta-bl), a. Too evi- 
dent to be called in question; certain. 

INDISPUTABLY (in-dis'pu-ta-bli), adv. Be- 
yond or without question. 

INDISSOLUBLE (in-dis'o-lo-bl), a. That can- 
not be broken or violated; inseparable; bind- 
ing forever. 

INDISSOLUBLY (in-dis'o-lo-bli), adv. In a man- 
ner that cannot be broken. 

INDISTINCT (in-dis-tingkf), a. Not plainly 
marked; confused; not clear to the mind. 

INDISTINCTLY (in-dis-tingkf li), adv. In an 
indistinct manner; uncertainly. 

INDISTINCTNESS (in-dis-tingkt'nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being indistinct. 

INDISTINGUISHABLE (in-dis-ting'gwish-a-bl) , 
a. That cannot be distinguished. 

INDITE (in-dif), vt. [pr.p. INDI'TING; p.t, and 
p.p. INDITED.] 1. Dictate what is to be 
uttered or written. 2. Compose or write. 
[O. Fr. enditer — root of INDICT.] 

INDITEMENT (in-dif ment), n. Act of inditing. 

INDITER (in-di'ter), n. One who indites. 

INDIVIDUAL (in-di-vid'u-al), I. a. 1. Not di- 
vided; subsisting as one. 2. Pertaining to 
one only. II. n. Single person, animal, plant, 
or thing. [L. in, not, and divido, divide.] 

INDIVIDUALISM (in-di-vid'u-al-izm), n. Re- 
gard to individual interests and not those of 
society at large. 

INDIVIDUALITY (in-di-vid-u-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
INDIVIDUALITIES.] 1. Separate and dis- 
tinct existence; oneness. 2. Distinctive char- 
acter. [L. in, not, and divido, divide.] 

INDIVIDUALIZATION (in-di-vid-u-al-i-za'- 
shun), n. Act of individualizing or state of 
being individualized. 

INDIVIDUALIZE (in-di-vid'u-al-Iz), vt. [pr.p. 
INDIVIDUALIZING; p.t. and p.p. INDIVID- 
UALIZED (in-di-vid'u-al-izd).] 1. Stamp 
with individual character. 2. Particularize. 

INDIVISIBILITY (in-di-viz-i-bil'f-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being indivisible. 

INDIVISIBLE (in-di-viz'i-bl), I. a. Not di- 
visible. II. n. Indefinitely small quantity. 

INDIVISIBLENESS (in-di-viz'i-bl-nes), w. In- 
divisibility. 

INDIVISIBLY (in-di-viz'i-bli), adv. In an in- 
divisible manner. 

JLVDO-, prefix. Indicative of the combination of 
the East-Indian race with that of another 
country; as, Indo-Chinese. 



Tate, fat, task,, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



INDO-CHINA 



613 



INDUSTRIOUSLY 



INDO-CHINA (in'do-chl-na), n. The eastern of 
the two great Asiatic peninsulas, on the Indian 
Ocean. 

INDOCTRINATE (in-dok'tri-nat), vt. [pr.p. 
INDOCTRINATING; p.t. and p.p. INDOCTRI- 
NATED.] Instruct in a doctrine; imbue 
with an opinion. 

INDOCTRINATION (in-dok-tri-na'shun), n. Act 
of indoctrinating or state of being indoctri- 
nated. 

INDOLENCE (in'do-lens), n. Quality or state 
of being indolent. 

INDOLENT (in'do-lent), a. Indisposed to ac- 
tivity or work; lazy. [L. in, not, and doleo, 
suffer pain.] 

SYN. Inert; idle; unemployed; inactive; 
sluggish. ANT. Active; industrious; busy. 

INDOMITABLE (in-dom'i-ta-bl), a. Not to be 
subdued. [L. in, not, and domo, tame.] 

INDOMITABLY (in-dom'i-ta-bli), adv. In an 
indomitable manner. 

INDOOR (in'dor), a. Carried on, or being in 
the house. 

INDOORS (in'dorz), adv. In the house. 

INDORSE (in-dars'), vt. [pr.p. INDORSING; 
p.t. and p.p. INDORSED (in-darst').] 1. Write 
upon the back of; assign by writing on the 
back of. 2. Give one's sanction to. 

INDORSEE (in-dar-se'), n. Person to whom 
a bill, etc., is assigned by indorsement. 

INDORSEMENT (in-dars'ment), n. 1. Act of 
writing on the back of a bill, etc., in order to 
transfer it. 2. That which is written on a 
bill, etc. 3. Sanction. [Fr. endosser — L. in, 
on, and dorsum, back.] 

INDORSER (in-dars'er), n. One who indorses. 

INDUBITABLE (in-du'bi-ta-bl), a. That can- 
not be doubted. [L. in, not, and dubito, 
doubt.] 

SYN. Unquestionable; certain; sure; evi- 
dent. ANT. Dubious; uncertain; doubtful; 
ambiguous; confused; oracular. See IN- 
CONTESTABLE. 

INDUBITABLY (in-du'bi-ta-bli), adv. In an 
indubitable manner. 

INDUCE (in-dus'), vt. [pr.p. INDU'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. INDUCED (in-dust').] 1. Prevail on. 
2. Physics. Cause, as an electric state, by 
mere proximity of surfaces. — Induced cur- 
rent, current excited by presence of a primary 
current. — Induced magnetism, magnetism pro- 
duced in soft iron when a magnet is held 
near, or a wire, through which a current is 
passing, is coiled around it. [L. induco — in, 
in, and duco, lead.] 

INDUCEMENT (in-dus'ment), n. 1. That which 
induces or causes. 2. Introduction. 

INDUCER (in-du'ser), n. One who induces. 

INDUCIBLE (in-du'si-bl), a. That may be in- 
duced or inferred. [L. in, into, and duco, 
lead.] 

INDUCT (in-dukf), vt. [pr.p. INDUCTING; p.U 
and p.p. INDUCT'ED.] 1. Bring in; intro- 




Induction Coil. 



duce. 2. Put in possession, as of an office. 
[L. inductus, p.p. of induco, induce.] 

INDUCTANCE (in-dukt'ans), n . Elec. Ratio 
between total induction through a circuit 
to the current produ- 
cing it. 

INDUCTION (in-duk'- 
shun), n. 1. Introduc- 
tion to an office. 2. 
Act or process of rea- 
soning from particu- 
lars to generals. 3. 
Production by one 
body of an opposite electric state in another 
by proximity. 

INDUCTIONAL (in-duk'shun-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to induction. 

INDUCTIVE (in-dukt'iv), a. 1. Leading to in- 
ference. 2. Proceeding by induction In 
reasoning. 

INDUCTIVELY (in-dukt'iv-li), adv. In an in- 
ductive manner. 

INDUCTOR (in-dukt'ur), n. 1. One who in- 
ducts another into an office. 2. Elec. Part of 
an electrical apparatus that acts inductively 
upon another part. 

INDUE (in-du'), vt. [pr.p. INDU'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. INDUED (in-dud').] 1. Invest or clothe; 
supply. 2. Inure. [L. induo, put on.] 

INDULGE (in-duljO, v. [pr.p. INDUL'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. INDULGED (in-duljd').] I. vt. 1. 
Yield to the wishes of; humor. 2. Allow, as 
a favor; grant. 3. Not restrain, as a passion 
or vice, etc. II. vi. (with in) Gratify one's 
own appetite [L. indulgeo.] 

INDULGENCE (in-dul'jens), n. 1. Permission. 
2. Gratification. 3. Remission of punish- 
ment. [L. indulgentia — indulgeo, indulge.] 

INDULGENT (in-dul'jent), a. Yielding to the 
wishes of others; compliant; lenient. 

INDULGENTLY (in-dul'jent-li), adv. In an 
indulgent manner. 

INDURATE (in'du-rat), v. [pr.p. IN'DUKA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. IN'DURATED.] I. vt. 
Harden, as the feelings. II. vi. Grow or be- 
come hard. [L. induro, -alum — in, in, and 
durus, hard.] 

INDURATE (in'du-rat), a. Hardened; indu- 
rated; obdurate. 

INDUS (in'dus), «. River, India, rises in Tibet 
and falls into Indian Ocean. 

INDUSIUM (in-du'si-um), n. Bot. 1. Kind of 
hairy cup inclosing the stigma of a flower. 
2. Scale covering the fruit spot of ferns. [L., 
undergarment.] 

INDUSTRIAL (in-dus'tri-al), a. Relating to 
industry or the manufacture of commodities. 

INDUSTRIALLY (in-dus'tri-al-i), adv. With 
reference to industry. 

INDUSTRIOUS (In-dus'tri-us), a. Diligent; 
sedulous. [Fr. — L. in, and struo, build up.] 

INDUSTRIOUSLY (in-dus'tri-us-Ii), adv. In 
an industrious manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INDUSTRY 



614 



INEXHAUSTIBLY 






INDUSTRY (in'dus-tri), n. [pi. IN'DUSTREES.] 
1. Steady application to labor. 2. Productive 
labor; manufacture. 3. Trade. [L. industrial 

SYN. Diligence; assiduity; persever- 
ance. ANT. Inactivity; ease; indolence; 
idleness. 

INDWELLING (in'dwel-ing), I. a. Dwelling 
within; permanent. II. n. Residence within, 
or in the heart or soul. 

INEBRIANT (in-e'bri-ant), I. a. Intoxica- 
ting. II. n. That which intoxicates. 

INEBRIATE (in-e'bri-at), vt. [pr.p. INE- 
BRIATING; p.t. and p.p. INEBRIATED.] 
Make drunk; intoxicate. [L. in, in, and eorio, 
make drunk.] 

INEBRIATE (in-e'bri-at), n. Drunkard. 

INEBRIATION (in-e-bri-a'shun), n. Act of 
inebriating or state of being inebriated. 

INEBRIETY (in-e-bri'e-ti), n. Habitual drink- 
ing; drunkenness; intoxication. 

INEDIBLE (in-ed'i-bl), a. Not fit to be eaten 
or used for food. 

INEDITED (in-ed'it-ed), a. Not published; 
not arranged or edited for publication. 

INEFFABLE (in-ef'a-bl), a. Unspeakable, [L. 
in, not, e, out, and fari, speak.] 

INEFFABLY (in-ef'a-bli), adv. In an in- 
effable manner. 

INEFFACEABLE (in-ef-fas'a-bl), a. That can- 
not be effaced; indelible. 

INEFFACEABLY (in-ef-fas'a-bli), adv. In an 
ineffaceable manner. 

INEFFECTIVE (in-ef-fekt'iv), a. Inefficient; 
useless. 

INEFFECTIVELY (in-ef-fekt'iv-li), adv. In an 
ineffective manner. 

INEFFECTUAL (in-ef-fek'tu-al), a. Fruitless; 
futile. 

INEFFECTUALLY (in-ef-fek'tu-al-i), adv. In 
an ineffectual manner. 

INEFFICACIOUS (in-ef-fi-ka'shus), a. Inade- 
quate. 

INEFFICACIOUSLY (in-ef-fi-ka'shus-li), adv. 
In an inefficacious manner. 

INEFFICIENCY (in-ef-fish'en-si), n. Quality or 
state of being inefficient. 

INEFFICIENT (in-ef-flsh'ent), a. Effecting lit- 
tle or nothing. 

INEFFICIENTLY (in-ef-fish'ent-li), adv. In an 
inefficient manner. 

INELASTIC (in-e-las'tik), a. Unyielding. 

INELEGANCE (in-el'e-gans), INELEGANCY 
(in-el'e-gan-sl), n. [pi. INEI/EGANCIES.] l. 
Quality or state of being inelegant. 2. That 
which is inelegant. 

INELEGANT (in-el'e-gant), a. Wanting in re- 
finement or taste. 

INELEGANTLY (in-el'e-gant-li), adv. In an 
inelegant manner. 

INELIGIBILITY (in-el-i-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being ineligible. 

INELIGIBLE (in-el'i-ji-bl), a. Not capable or 
worthy of being chosen. 



INELOQUENT (in-el'o-kwent), a. Lacking in 
oratorical power. 

INEPT (in-epf), a. 1. Not apt or fit; unsuit- 
able. 2. Foolish. [Fr. — L. ineptus — in, not, 
and aptus, apt.] 

INEPTITUDE (in-ept'i-tud), n. Quality of be- 
ing inept. 

INEPTLY (in-ept'li), adv. In an inept manner. 

INEQUAL (in-e'kwal), a. Uneven; as, an in- 
equal surface. — Inequal hour, twelfth part of 
the time from sunrise to sunset, and from 
sunset to sunrise. 

INEQUALITY (in-e-kwol'i-ti),w. [pi. INEQUAL- 
ITIES.] 1. Want of equality; unevenness; 
dissimilarity. 2. Difference. 3* Inadequa- 
cy; incompetency. 

INEQUITABLE (in-ek'wi-ta-bl), a. Unfair; un- 
just. 

INERADICABLE (in-e-rad'i-ka-bl), a. Not to 
be rooted out. [See ERADICATE.] 

INERT (in-erf), a. 1. Having no power of ac- 
tion or resistance. 2. Sluggish. [L. iners, in- 
ertis — in, not, and ars, art.] 

SYN. Lifeless; inanimate; passive; dead; 
senseless; insensible; inactive; dull; lazy; 
listless. ANT. Active; energetic; alert; 
brisk; spry; quick. 

INERTIA (in-er'shi-a), n. 1. Inertness. 2. 
Inherent property of matter by which it tends 
to remain at rest when resting, and in motion 
when moving. 

INERTLY (in-ert'li), adv. In an inert manner. 

INERTNESS (in-ert'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being inert. 

INESSENTIAL (in-es-sen'shal), a. Not essen- 
tial or necessary. 

INESTIMABLE (in-es'ti-ma-bl), a. Incalculable; 
priceless. 

INESTIMABLY (in-es'ti-ma-bli), adv. In an 
inestimable manner. 

INEVITABLE (in-ev'i-ta-bl), a. 1. Not able to 
be avoided or escaped; certain. 2. Irresisti- 
ble. [L. in, not, and evito, avoid.] 

INEVITABLENESS (in-ev'i-ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inevitable. 

INEVITABLY (in-ev'i-ta-bli), adv. In an inev- 
itable manner; unavoidable. 

INEXACT (in-egz-akf), a. Not precisely cor- 
rect or true. 

INEXCUSABLE (in-eks-ku'za-bl), a. Not jus- 
tifiable; unpardonable. 

INEXCUSABLENESS (in-eks-ku'za-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being inexcusable. 

INEXCUSABLY (in-eks-ku'za-bli), adv. In an 
inexcusable manner. 

INEXERTION (in-egz-er'shun), n. Lack of 
movement or action. 

INEXHAUSTIBILTTY (in-egz-ast-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being inexhaustible. 

INEXHAUSTIBLE (in-egz-ast'i-bl), a. Not able 
to be exhausted or spent; unfailing. 

INEXHAUSTIBLY (in-egz-ast'i-bli), adv. In 
an inexhaustible manner. 






fate, fat, task, far. fall fare above; me met her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



INEXISTENT 



615 



INFERIORITY 



INEXISTENT (in-egz-ist'ent), n. Devoid of 
the state of being. 

INEXORABLE (in-eks'o-ra-bl), a. Not to be 
moved by entreaty; unrelenting. [L. in, not, 
ex, out, and oro, entreat — os, mouth.] 

INEXORABLY (in-eks'o-ra-bli), adv. In an 
inexorable manner. 

INEXPECTANT (in-eks-pekt'ant), a. Not ex- 
pecting or anticipating. 

INEXPEDIENCE (in-eks-pe'di-ens), n. Inex- 
pediency. 

INEXPEDIENCY (in-eks-pedi-en-si), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inexpedient. 

INEXPEDIENT (in-eks-pe'di-ent), a. 1. Not 
tending to promote the desired end. 2. Not 
suited to time or circumstances. 

SYN. Inconvenient; unwise; disadvan- 
tageous. ANT. Advisable; profitable; expe- 
dient; wise. 

INEXPENSIVE (in-eks-pen'siv), a. Involving 
slight expense; cheap. 

INEXPERIENCE (in-eks-pe'ri-ens), n. Want of 
experience. 

INEXPERIENCED (in-eks-pe'ri-enst), a. Not 
having experience; unskilled; unpracticed. 

INEXPIABLE (in-eks'pi-a-bl), a. Not able to be 
expiated or atoned for. 

INEXPIABLY (in-eks'pi-a-bli), adv. In an in- 
expiable manner or degree. 

INEXPLICABLE (in-eks'pli-ka-bl), a. That 
cannot be explained; unintelligible. 

INEXPLICABLY (in-eks'pli-ka-bli), adv. In an 
inexplicable manner. 

INEXPLICIT (in-eks-plis'it), a. Not clear. 

INEXPLORABLE (in-eks-plor'a-bl), a. Unable 
to be explored or investigated. 

INEXPLOSIVE (in-eks-plo'siv), a. Not able to 
explode. 

INEXPRESSIBLE (in-eks-pres'i-bl), a. Un- 
utterable; indescribable. 

INEXPRESSIBLY (in-eks-pres'i-bli), adv. In 
an inexpressible manner or degree. 

INEXPRESSIVE (in-eks-pres'iv), a. Without 
expression or meaning; dull. 

SYN. Characterless; blank. ANT. Ex- 
pressive; telling. 

IN EXTENSO (in eks-ten'so). Unabridged; to 
the full extent. [L.] 

INEXTINGUISHABLE (in-eks-ting'gwish-a-bl) , 
a. That cannot be extinguished or quenched. 

INEXTRICABLE (in-eks'tri-ka-bl), a. Not able 
to be extricated or disentangled. 

INEXTRICABLY (in-eks'tri-ka-bli), adv. In an 
inextricable manner. 

INFALLIBILITY (in-fal-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being infallible. 

INFALLIBLE (in-fal'i-bl), a. 1. Incapable of 
error. 2. Trustworthy; certain. 

INFALLIBLY (in-fal'i-bli), adv. In an infallible 
manner. 

INFAMOUS (in'fa-mus), a. 1. Of ill fame; 
notoriously wicked. 2. Bringing infamy. 3. 
Disgraced by legal conviction of crime. 



SYN. Vile; scandalous; disgraceful; dis- 
honorable; disreputable; heinous; atrocious. 
ANT. Famed; famous; illustrious; re- 
nowned; noted; eminent; distinguished; 
exalted; honorable. 

INFAMY (in'fa-mi), n. [pi. INFAMIES.] 1. Ill 
repute; public disgrace. 2. Extreme vileness. 

INFANCY (in'fan-si), n. 1. Early childhood. 
2. Beginning of anything. 

INFANT (in'fant), I. n. 1. Babe. 2. Minor. II. 
a. 1. Belonging to infants or to infancy; 
tender. 2. Intended for infants. [L. infans 
— in, not, and fari, speak.] 

INFANTA (in-fan'ta), n. Title of the daughters 
of the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the 
heiress-apparent. 

INFANTE (in-fan'te), n. Title of the sons of 
the kings of Spain and Portugal, except the 
heir-apparent. 

INFANTICIDE (in-fan'ti-sid), n. 1. Infant oi 
child murder. 2. Murder of an infant. [Fr. — 
L. infans, infant and cmdo, kill.] 

INFANTILE (in'fan-til or in'fan-til), INFAN- 
TINE (In'fan-tin or in'fan-tin), a. Pertaining 
to infancy or to an infant. 

INFANTRY (in'fan-tri), n. Foot-soldiers. [It. 
infanteria — infante, boy, servant, foot-soldier.] 

INFANTRYMAN (in'fan-tri-man), n. [pi. IN- 
FANTRYMEN (in'fan-tri-men).] Foot-soldier. 

INFATUATE (in-fat'u-at), vt. [pr.p. INFAT'UA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INFATUATED.] Inspire 
with foolish passion. [L. fatuus, foolish.] 

INFATUATION (in-fat-u-a/shun), n. Act of 
infatuating or state of being infatuated. 

SYN. Fatuity; hallucination; delusion; 
captivation. ANT. Sagacity; wisdom. 

INFECT (in-fekt), vt. [pr.p. INFECT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFECTED.] Taint, especially with 
disease. [L. inficio — in, in, and facio, make.] 

INFECTION (in-fek'shun), n. 1. Act of infect- 
ing. 2. That which infects. 

INFECTIOUS (in-fek'shus), a. Having the 
quality of infecting; apt to spread. 

INFECUNDITY (in-fe-kun'di-ti), n. State of 
barrenness; unfruitfulness. 

INFELICITOUS (in-fe-lis'i-tus), a. Not happy. 

INFELICITY (in-fe-lis'i-ti), n. Misery; misfor- 
tune; unfavorableness. 

INFER (in-fer'), vt. [pr.p. INFER'RING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFERRED (in-ferd').l Deduce; 
derive, as a consequence. 

INFERABLE (in-fer'a-bl), a. That may be in- 
ferred. 

INFERENCE (in'fer-ens), n. Conclusion; de- 
duction. 

INFERENTIAL (in-fer-en'shal), a. Deducible 
or deduced. [L. infero — in, in, and fero, bring.] 

INFERIOR (in-fe'ri-ur), I. a. Lower; less 
valuable; subordinate; secondary. II. n. 
One lower in rank or station. [L., comp. of 
inferus, low.] 

INFERIORITY (in-fe-ri-or'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being inferior. 



1 fate, fat,' task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, Wirn, 
" u-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INFERNAL 



616 



INFLORESCENCE 



» 



INFERNAL (in-fer'nal), a. 1. Belonging to the 
lower regions or hell. 2. Resembling or 
suitable to hell; devilish. — Infernal machine, 
apparatus usually in harmless disguise, con- 
trived to explode and injure. [See INFERIOR.] 

INFERNALLY (in-fer'nal-i), adv. In an infernal 
manner. 

INFERNO (in-fer'no), n. Hell. [It.] 

INFERTILE (in-fer'til), a. Barren; sterile. 

INFEST (in-fesf), vt. [pr.p. INFEST 'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFEST'ED.] Disturb by frequency of 
presence or by numbers. [L. infestus, hostile — 
root of FEND.] 

INFIDEL (in'fl-del), I. a. Unbelieving. II. n. 
One who withholds belief from the prevailing 
religion. [L. infidelis — in, in, and fides, faith.] 

SYN. Skeptical; agnostic; atheist; free- 
thinker; heathen; pagan; unbeliever. ANT. 
Believer; Christian. 

INFIDELITY (in-fl-del'i-ti), n. 1. Want of faith ; 
disbelief, especially in Christianity. 2. Unfaith- 
fulness, especially to the marriage contract. 

INFIELD (in'feld), n. Baseball. The diamond; 
opposed to OUTFIELD. 

INFILTER (in-fil'ter), vt. [pr.p. INFDL'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. INFILTERED (in-fil'terd) .] Filter 
or sift in. 

INFILTRATE (in-fil'trat), vt. [pr.p. INFLL'- 
TRATING; p.t. and p.p. INFII/TRATED.] 
Enter (a substance) by filtration, or through 
its pores. 

INFILTRATION (in-fll-tra/shun), n. 1. Act of 
infiltrating. 2. That which infiltrates. 

INFINITE (in'fl-nit), I. a. Without end. II. 
n. 1. That which is infinite. 2. [I-] Infinite 
Being or God. 

SYN. Immeasurable; eternal; boundless. 
ANT. Finite; bounded. 

INFINITELY (in'fi-nit-li), adv. In an infinite 
manner; to an infinite degree or extent. 

INFINITESIMAL (in-fln-i-tes'i-mal), I. a. In- 
finitely small. II. n. Infinitely small quantity. 

INFINITESIMALLY (in-fln-i-tes'i-mal-i), adv. 
In an infinitesimal manner or degree. 

INFINITIVE (in-fln'i-tiv), a. 1. Unlimited; un- 
restricted. 2. Of that mood of the verb which 
expresses the idea without reference to person 
or number. 

INFINITUDE (in-fln'i-tud), n. 1. Boundlessness. 

2. Countless, indefinite number. 
INFINITY (in-flnl-ti), n. [pi. INFINITIES.] 

State of being without end; immeasurableness. 

INFIRM (in-ferm'), a. Not strong; feeble; sickly. 

INFIRMARY (in-fer'ma-ri), n. [pi. INFIR'- 
MARIES.] Hospital. 

HfFIRMITY (in-fer'mi-ti), n. [pi. INFIR 'MI- 
TIES.] Disease; failing; defect; imbecility. 

INFIX (in-flks'), vt. [pr.p. INFIXING; p.t. and 
p.p. INFIXED (in-flkst').] Fix or drive In. 

INFLAME (In-flam'), v. [pr.p. INFLAMING; 
p.t. and p.p. INFLAMED (in-flamd).] I. vt. 1. 
Cause to burn. 2. Make unnaturally hot. 

3. Excite. II. vi. Become hot or angry. 



INFLAMMABILITY (in-flam-a-bil'i-ti), n. State 
or quality of being inflammable. 

INFLAMMABLE (in-flam 'a-bl), a. Easily kin- 
dled. 

INFLAMMATION (in-flam-ma'shun), n. 1. 
State of being in flame. 2. Unnatural heat 
of the body, with pain and swelling. 3. Vio- 
lent excitement. 

INFLAMMATORY (in-flam'a-to-ri), a. Infla- 
ming; exciting. 

INFLATE (in-flat'), vt. [pr.p. INFLA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFLA'TED.] Swell with air; puff 
up. [L. in, into, and flo, blow.] 

INFLATION (in-fla'shun), n. 1. State of being 
puffed up. 2. Increased issue of paper cur- 
rency, not warranted by the security. 

INFLATUS (in-fla'tus), n. A breathing into; in- 
spiration. [L.] 

INFLECT (in-flekf), vt. [pr.p. INFLECT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INFLECT'ED.] 1. Bend in; turn 
from a direct line or course. 2. Modulate, as the 
voice. 3. Gram. Vary, as a noun by declension 

(mouse — mice), or a verb by conjugation (give 

given — gave). [L. in, in, and flecto, bend.] 

INFLECTION (in-flek'shun), n. 1. Act of in- 
flecting or state of being inflected. 2. Modu- 
lation of the voice. 3. Gram. The variation 
of the terminations of nouns, adjectives, 
verbs, etc., to express the relations of case, 
number, gender, person, tense, etc. 

INFLEXIBILITY (in-fleks-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being inflexible. 

INFLEXIBLE (in-fleks'i-bl), a. Rigid; unyield- 
ing; unbending. 

SYN. Unrelenting; inexorable; resolute; 
stubborn. ANT. Flexible; yielding; sup- 
ple; pliant; pliable; lithe. 

INFLEXIBLENESS (in-fleks'i-bl-nes), n. In- 
flexibility. 

INFLEXION (in-flek'shun), n. Same as INFLEC- 
TION. 

INFLICT (in-flikt), vt. [pr.p. INFLICT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFLICT'ED.] Lay on; impose, as 
punishment. [L. inflictus, p.p. of infligo — in, 
on, and fligo, 
strike.] 

INFLICTION (in- 
flik'shun), n. 
Act of inflicting 
or imposing; 
punishment ap- 
plied. 

INFLICTIVE 
(in-flikt'iv), 
a. Tending 
or able to 
inflict. 

INFLORES- 
CENCE (in- 
flo-res'ens), 
n. Mode of 
flowering of a plant 
blossom.] 




Compound umbel. Panicle. Cyme. 

Various kinds of inflorescence. 

[L. infloresco, begin to 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, but, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



INFLOWERING 



617 



INGENUOUSNESS 



INFLOWERING (in-flow'er-ing), n. Process of 
extracting the perfume of flowers by macera- 
tion and without the application of heat. 

INFLUENCE (in'flo-ens), n. Power exerted 
on men or things ; power in operation. [L. in, 
into, and fluo, flow.] 

STN. Control; authority; ascendency; 
sway. Influence implies a power uncon- 
nected with a right; authority implies a pow- 
er by right, superiority, etc. Ascendency 
and sway imply an extreme influence. ANT. 
Neutrality; ineffectiveness. 

INFLUENCE (in'flo-ens) vt. [pr.p. INFLUEN- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. INFLUENCED (in'flo- 
enst).] Affect; move; direct. 

INFLUENTIAL (in-flo-en'shal), a. Having in- 
fluence. 

INFLUENTIALLY (in-flo-en'shal-i), adv. In 
an influential manner. 

INFLUENZA (in-flo-en'za), n. Severe epidemic 
catarrh, accompanied with weakening fever. 
[It.] 

INFLUX (in'fluks), n. Flowing in; infusion; 
abundant accession. 

INFOLD (in-fold'), vt. [pr.p. INFOLD'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. INFOLD'ED.] Inwrap; involve; em- 
brace. 

INFORM (in-farm'), vt. [pr.p. INFORMING; 
p.t. and p.p. INFORMED (in-farmd').] 1. Give 
form to; animate or give life to. 2. Impart 
knowledge to ; tell. [L. in, in, and formo, form.] 

INFORMAL (in-farm'al), o. Not in proper form; 
without ceremony. 

INFOR3IALITY (in-far-mal'i-ti), n. Act or 
state of being informal; lack of adhering to 
the customary or formal mode of procedure. 

INFORMANT (in-farm'ant), n. One who in- 
forms. 

INFORMATION (in-far-ma'shun), n. 1. Intel- 
ligence given; knowledge. 2. Accusation. 

INFORMER (in-farm'er), n. One who informs 
against another for the breaking of a law. 

INFORMIDABLE (in-far'mid-a-bl), a. Not to 
be alarmed at; not dangerous. 

INFRA-, prefix. Below; lower. [L.] 

INFRACTION (in-frak'shun), n. Violation, es- 
pecially of law. [L. in, in, and frango, break.] 

INFRAGRANT (in-fra'grant), a. Odorless; de- 
void of perfume. 

INFRANGIBLE (in-fran'ji-bl), a. That cannot 
be broken; not to be violated. [See INFRAC- 
TION.] 

INFRA-RED (in'fra-red), a. Below the red. — 
Infra-red rays, invisible rays of the spectrum, 
having a greater wave-length and less re- 
frangibility than the visible red rays. [L. 
infra, below, and RED.] 

INFREQUENCT (in-fre'kwen-si), n. Quality 
or state of being infrequent. 

INFREQUENT (in-fre'kwent), a. Seldom oc- 
curring; uncommon. 

INFREQUENTLY (in-fre'kwent-li), adv. Not 
frequently; rarely. 



INFRINGE (in-frinj'), vt. [pr.p. INFRINGING; 
p.t. and p.p. INFRINGED (in-frinjd).] 1. 
Violate, especially law. 2. Encroach; tres- 
pass. [L. infringo — in, in, and frango, break.] 

INFRINGE31ENT (in-frinj'ment), n. Act of 
infringing. 

INFRINGER (in-frin'jer), n. One who infringes. 

INFUNDIBULIFORM (in-fun-dib'u-li-farm), a. 
Bot. Funnel-shaped. [L. infundibulum, fun- 
nel, and forma, shape.] 

INFURIATE (in-fu'ri-at), vt. [pr.p. INFU'RIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. LNFU'RIATED.] Render 
furious or mad ; enrage. [L. in, in, and furio, 
enrage.] 

INFUSE (in-fuz), vt. [pr.p. INFU'SING; p.t. 
and p. p. INFUSED (in-fuzd').] 1. Pour into. 2. 
Inspire with. 3. Steep in liquor without boiling. 

INFUSIBLE (in-fu'zi-bl), a. That cannot be dis- 
solved or melted. 

INFUSION (in-fu'zhun), n. 1. Pouring of water 
over a substance, in order to extract its active 
principles. 2. Solution in water of an or- 
ganic, especially a vegetable, substance. 3. 
Liquor so obtained. 4. Inspiration ; instilling. 

Infusoria (in-ra-sd'ri- 

a), n.pl. Microscopic ani- 
malcula found in infu- 
sions of decaying organ- 
ic material. 

INGATHERING (in-ga*fc'- 
er-ing), n. Gleaning of 
a harvest; act of collect- 
ing together. 

INGEMINATE (in-jem'i- 
nat),rf. [pr.p. INGEM- 
INATING; p.t. and p.p. 
INGEMINATED.] Repeat 




Infusoria in a drop of 
water; highly magni- 
fied. 

[L. in, in, and 



gemino, duplicate or repeat.] 

INGENIO (Sp. in-ha'ni-6; E. in-je'ni-6), n. En- 
gine; mill; sugar plantation. [Cuban.] 

INGENIOUS (in-je'ni-us), a. Skillful in invent- 
ing; clever; apt. [L. ingenium, mother-wit.] 

INGENIOUSLY (in-je'ni-us-li), adv. In an 
ingenious manner. 

INGENIOUSNESS (in-je'ni-us-nes), n. Quality 
of being ingenious. 

INGENUE (ang-zha-no'), n. Artless girl. [Fr.J 

INGENUITY (in-je-nu'i-ti), n. Power of ready 
invention; facility in combining ideas; cu- 
riousness in design. 

STN. Ingeniousness; invention; invent- 
iveness; skill. ANT. Uninventiveness ; stu- 
pidity; unskillfulness. 

INGENUOUS (in- jen'u-us), a. 1. Frank; open; 
candid. 2. Free-born. 3. Generous. [L. in- 
genuus, native, free-born.] 

S YN. Artless ; plain ; sincere ; unreserved ; 
honorable. ANT. Disingenuous; insincere; 
crafty; tricky; sly; wily. 

INGENUOUSLY (in-jen'u-us-li), adv. In an 
ingenuous manner. 

INGENUOUSNESS (in-jen'u-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being ingenuous. 



Ste, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



INGLE 



618 



INHOSPITABLY 



» 



INGLE (Ing'gl), n. Fire. — Ingle-nook, corner 
by the fireplace. [Sc] 

INGLORIOUS (in-glo'ri-us), a. Without honor; 
shameful. 

INGLOBATE (in-glo'bat), a. Shaped or formed 
into a globe or spherical body. 

INGLOBE (in-glob'),v*. [pr.p. INGLO'BING; p.t. 
and p.p. INGLOBED (in-globd').] Form or 
make into a sphere or globe; place within a 
globe. [IN and GLOBE.] 

INGLORIOUSLY (in-gld'ri-us-li), adv. In an 
inglorious manner. 

INGOING (in'go-ing), I. n. Entrance. II. a. 
Entering, as an ingoing steamer. 

INGOT (in'got), n. Mass of unwrought metal, 
especially gold or silver, cast in a mold. [A. 
S. in, in, and goten, p.p. of geotan, pour.] 

LNGRAFT (in-graff), Vt. [pr.p. INGRAFTING; 
p.t. and p.p. INGRAFTED.] 1. Graft. 2. In- 
troduce (something foreign). 3. Fix deeply. 

INGRAIN (in-gran'), vt. [pr.p. INGRAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INGRAINED (in-grand').] 1. Dye 
with grain (cochineal). 2. Dye in a lasting 
color. 3. Dye in the raw state. 4. Imbue 
thoroughly. [See GRAIN, 5.] 

INGRAIN (in'gran), I. a. 1. Dyed with kermes. 
2. Dyed in the raw material. II. n. Yarn or 
fabric dyed with fast colors before manufacture. 

INGRATE (in'grat). I. a. Unthankful. II. n. 
One who is ungrateful. [Fr. — L. ingratus.] 

INGRATIATE (in-gra'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
GRATIATING; p.t. and p.p. INGRATIATED.] 
Commend or work (one's self) into favor 
with one. [See GRACE.] 

INGRATITUDE (in-grat'i-tud), n. Unthank- 
f ulness. 

INGREDIENT (in-gre'di-ent), n. Component 
part; constituent; element. [Fr. — L. ingred- 
ior, enter.] 

INGRESS (in'gres), n. 1. Entrance. 2. Power, 
right, or means of entrance. [L. ingressus.] 

INGROWING (in'gro-ing), a. 1. Growing in- 
wards. 2. Surg. Growing into the flesh. 

INGUINAL (ing'gwi-nal), a. Of or pertaining 
to the groin. [L. ingucn, groin, and -AL.] 

INGULF (in-gulf), vt. [pr.p. INGULF'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INGULFED (in-gulf t').] Swallow 
up wholly; cast into a gulf; overwhelm. 

INHABIT (in-hab'it), vt. [pr.p. INHABITING; 
pt. and p.p. INHAB'ITED.] Dwell in; occupy. 
[L. inhabito — in, in, and liabito, dwell.] 

INHABITABLE (in-hab'it-a-bl), a. Fit for in- 
habitation; habitable. 

INHABITANCE (in-hab'it-ans), n. Occupancy 
as a dwelling place; habitancy; residence. 

INHABITANCY (in-hab'it-an-si), n. Inhabi- 
tanee. 

INHABITANT (in-hab'it-ant), n. One who re- 
sides permanently in a place; resident. 

INHABITATION (in-hab-i-ta'shun), n. Act or 
state of inhabiting. 

INHALANT (in-ha'lant), I. o. Inhaling. II. n. 
Inhaling device. 



INHALATION (in-ha-la'shun), n. Drawing into 
the lungs. 

INHALE (in-hal), vt. [pr.p. INHALING; p.t. 
and p.p. INHALED (in-hald').] Draw in, as 
the breath; draw into the lungs. [L. in, in, 
and halo, breathe.] 

INHALER (in-ha'ler), n. 1. One who inhales. 
2. Apparatus used to aid in the process of in- 
haling. 

INHARMONIOUS (in-har-mo'ni-us), o. Dis- 
cordant; unmusical. 

INHARMONIOUSLY (in-har-mo'ni-us-li), adv. 
In an inharmonious manner. 

INHARMONIOUSNESS (in-har-mo'ni-us-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being inharmonious. 

INHERE (in-her'), vi. [pr.p. INHERING; p.t. 
and p.p. INHERED (in-herd').] 1. Stick fast; 
remain firm. 2. Belong intrinsically; form an 
element. [L. irihmreo — in, in, and hwro, stick.] 

INHERENCE (in-her'ens), INHERENCY (in- 
her'en-si), n. Quality or state of being in- 
herent. 

INHERENT (in-her'ent), a. 1. Sticking fast. 
2. Existing in and inseparable from something 
else. 3. Innate; natural. 

INHERENTLY (in-herent-li), adv. In an in- 
herent manner. 

INHERIT (in-her it), v. [pr.p. INHERITING; 
p.t. and p.p. INHERITED.] I. vt. 1. Receive 
as heir or by descent from an ancestor; take 
by succession. 2. Derive from a progenitor, 
as part of one's nature. 3. Receive as a 
possession; possess; enjoy. II. vi. Be an 
heir. [L. in, in, and heres, heir.] 

INHERITABLE (in-her 'it-a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being inherited. 2. Capable of or quali- 
fied for inheriting. 

INHERITANCE (in-her'it-ans), n. 1. That 
which is or may be inherited. 2. Estate de- 
rived from an ancestor. 3. Hereditary de- 
scent. 4. Natural gift. 5. Possession. 

SYN. Bequest; legacy; heritage; heredit- 
ament. ANT. Purchase; donation; gift; 
acquisition. 

INHERITOR (in-her 'it-ur), n. [fern. INHER'- 
ITRIX or INHER'ITRESS.] One who inherits; 
heir. 

INHESION (in-he'zhun), n. Inherence. 

INHIBIT (in-hib'it), vt. [pr.p. INHIBITING; 
p.t. and p.p. INHIB'ITED.] Forbid; check. 

INHIBITION (in-hi-bish'un), n. Act of in- 
hibiting or state of being inhibited. 

INHIBITOR (in-hib 'it-ur), n. One who or 
that which inhibits. 

INHIBITORY (in-hib 'it-6-ri), a. Prohibitory. 

INHOSPITABLE (in-hos'pi-ta-bl), a. 1. Not 
hospitable to guests or strangers. 2. Afford- 
ing no convenience, subsistence, or shelter; 
barren; cheerless. 

INHOSPITABLENESS (in-hos'pi-ta-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being inhospitable. 

INHOSPITABLY (in-hos'pi-ta-bli), adv. In an 
inhospitable manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



INHOSPITALITT 



619 



INK-BAG 



INHOSPITALITY (in-hos-pi-tal'i-ti), n. Inhos- 
pitableness. 

INHUMAN (in-hu'man), a. Cruel; unfeeling. 
SYN. Pitiless; brutal; cruel; merciless; 
atrocious; barbaric. ANT. Humane; kind; 
gentle; merciful. 

INHUMANE (in-hu-man'), a. Hard-hearted; 
inhuman. [L. inhumanus — in, not, and hu- 
manus, human — homo, man.] 

INHUMANITY (in-hu-man 'i-ti), n. [pi. IN- 
HUMANITIES.] Quality or state of being 
inhuman; cruelty; barbarity. 

INHUMANLY (in-hu'man-li), adv. In an in- 
human manner. 

INHUMATION (in-hu-ma/shun), n. Deposit- 
ing in the ground; burial. 

INHUME (in-hum'),d. [pr.p. INHUMING; p.t. 
and p.p. INHUMED (in-humd').] Inter; bury. 
[Ii. inhumo — in, in, and humus, ground.] 

INIMICAL (in-im'i-kal), a. 1. Not friendly. 
2. Contrary; repugnant. [L. in, not, and 
amicus, friendly — amo, love.] 

SYN. Estranged; hostile; adverse; an- 
tagonistic; opposed; against; competitive; 
unfavorable. ANT. « Cooperative; friendly; 
favorable; helpful; cordial; sympathetic. 

INIMICALLY (in-im'i-kal-i), adv. In an in- 
imical manner. 

INIMITABLE (in-im'i-ta-bl), a. That cannot 
be imitated; matchless. 

SYN. Original; unique; unparalleled; 
singular; sui generis. ANT. Imitable; 
copied; duplicated; forged; simulated. 

INIMITABLY (in-im'i-ta-bli), adv. In an in- 
imitable manner. 

INIQUITOUS (in-ik'wi-tus), a. Characterized 
by iniquity; wicked; unjust; nefarious. 

INIQUITOUSLY (in-ik'wi-tus-li), adv. In an 
iniquitous manner. 

INIQUITY (in-ik'wi-ti), n. [pi. INIQUITIES.] 

1. Deviation from rectitude; wickedness. 

2. Iniquitous act. [L. inig«iias,injustice — in, 
not, and wquuis equal.] 

INITIAL (in-ish'al), I. a. Commencing; placed 
at the beginning. II. n. Letter beginning a 
word, especially a name. [L. initium, begin- 
ning — in, in, and eo, itum, go.] 

INITIAL (in-ish'al), vt. [pr.p. INI'TIALING; p.t. 
and p.p. INITIALED (in-ish'ald).] Mark 
with an initial or initials. 

INITIATE (in-ish'i-at), vt. [pr.p. INI'TIATING; 
p.t. and p.p. INITIATED.] 1. Make a 
beginning. 2. Instruct in principles ; acquaint 
with. 3. Introduce into a new state or society. 
[L. initio, begin.] 

INITIATE (in-ish'i-at), I. a. Newly admitted; 
initiated. II. n. One who has been initiated. 

INITIATION (in-ish-i-a'shun), n. Act of initia- 
ting or state of being initiated. 

INITIATIVE (in-ish'i-a-tiv), I. a. Serving to 
initiate; introductory. II. n. 1. Introductory 
step. 2. Power or ability to originate or to 
take the lead. 




injector. 



INITIATORY (in-ish'i-a-to-ri), I. o. Introduc- 
tory. II. n. Introductory rite. [See INITIAL.] 

INITION (in-ish'un), n. Commencement; be- 
ginning, especially of college life. [L. ineo* 
begin.] 

INITIONARY (in-ish'un-a-ri), a. Pertaining 
to inition, especially to the beginning of col- 
lege life. 

INJECT (in-jekt), vt. [pr.p. INJECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. INJECT'ED.] 1. Throw into; cast 
on. 2. Charge with a fluid. [L. injicio, in- 
jectus — in, in, and jacio, throw.] 

INJECTION (in-jek'shun), n. Act of injecting; 
liquid to be injected. 

INJECTOR (in-jekt'ur), n. 
1. One who or that which 
injects. 2. Mack. De- 
vice for forcing water 
into a steam boiler. 

IN JUDICABLE (in-jo'di- 
ka-bl), a. Not subject 
to be brought before a 
judge. 

INJUDICIOUS (in-jo-dish'- 
us), a. Void of, or want- 
ing in, judgment; in- 
considerate. 

INJUDICIOUSLY (in-jo-dish'us-li), adv. In an 
injudicious manner. 

INJUDICIOUSNESS (in-jo-dish'us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being injudicious. 

INJUNCTION (in-jungk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
enjoining. 2. Exhortation. 3. Writ of pro- 
hibition granted by a court of equity. [L. 
injungo, command.] 

INJURE (in'jor), vt. [pr.p. IN'JURING; p.t . and 
p.p. INJURED (in'jord).] Do injury to; 
wrong; damage. [Fr. injurier — L. in, not, and 
jus, juris, law.] 

INJURIOUS (in-jo'ri-us), a. Tending to injure; 
harmful. 

INJURIOUSLY (in-jo'ri-us-li), adv. In an in- 
jurious manner. 

INJURY (in'jo-ri), «. [pi. IN'JURIES.] 1. That 
which injures. 2. Damage; wrong; mischief. 

SYN. Harm; hurt; evil; detriment; dis- 
advantage. ANT. Service; help; benefit; 
boon; advantage. 

INJUSTICE (in-jus'tis), w. Violation or with- 
holding of another's rights. 

INK (ingk) n. 1. Colored fluid used in writing, 
printing, etc. 2. Inky fluid of the cuttle-fish 
or other cephalopod. — Sympathetic ink, an 
ink which exhibits no color until some means 
are used, such as holding it to the fire, or 
rubbing something over it. [O. Fr. enque — 
L.L. encaustum, burnt in.] 

INK (ingk), vt. [pr.p. INK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
INKED (ingkt).] 1. Daub with ink. 2. Spread 
ink upon. 

INK-BAG (ingk'bag), «• Bag or sac contain- 
ing a black liquid, found in certain animals, 
as the cuttle-fish. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch, 



INKBERRY 



620 



INOPPORTUNE 




Inkberry, 

, Past participle of INLAY. 
I. n. Interior part of a 
1. Remote from the sea. 2. 

country ; 

Towards 



INKBERRY (ingk'ber-i), n. [pi. INK'BERRIES.] 
Bot. Slender shrub (Ilex glabra), or one of the 
small black berries it produces. 

INKLING (ingk'- 
ling), n. Hint; 
whisper; inti- 
mation. [31. E. 
inklen, hint at 
(of uncertain 
origin).] 

INKSTAND 
(ingk'stand),n. 
Small stand for 
holding ink. 

INKY (ingk'i), a. 
Consisting of 
or resembling 
ink; blackened 
with ink. 

INLAID (in-lad'), v 

INLAND (in'land), 
country. II. a. 

Carried on or produced within 
confined to a country. III. adv 
the interior of a country. 

INLAY (in-la'), vt. [pr.p. INLAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. INLAID (in-lad').] Ornament by inserting 
pieces of metal, ivory, etc. 

INLAY (in'la), n. Pieces of metal, ivory, etc., 
for inlaying. 

INLET (inlet), * 
2. Small bay. 

INLY (in'li), I. a. Internal 
in the heart. 

INMATE (in'mat), n. 1. One who lodges in a 
place with others. 2. Lodger or occupant. 

INMOST, a. See INNERMOST. 

INN (in), n. 1. House for the lodging and enter- 
tainment of travelers; hotel. 2. House; town 
residence. — Inns of Court, incorporated so- 
cieties of London, which educate law students 
and call them to the bar. [A. S. in, inn, inn, 
house — prep, in, in.] 

INNATE (in'nat or in-nat'), a. Inborn; natural; 
inherent. [L. in, in, and nascor, be born.] 

INNATELY (in'nat-li), adv. In an innate manner. 

INNATENESS (in'nat-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being innate. 

INNER (in'er), a. 1. Further in; interior. 2. 
Internal. [A. S.] 

INNERMOST (in'er-most), INMOST (in'most), a. 
Farthest in; most remote from the outer part. 

INNING (in'ing), n. Turn for using the bat in 
baseball and cricket or for one side's action 
in any game. (In England generally used in 
plural form but constructed as singular.) 

INNKEEPER (in'kep-er), n. One who keeps an 
inn. 

INNOCENCE (in'o-sens), INNOCENCY (in'o- 
sen-si), n. Harmlessness; blamelessness; pur- 
ity; sinlessness. 

INNOCENT (in'o-sent), I. a. 1. Harmless; 
Inoffensive. 2. Blameless; pure; lawful. II. 



1. Passage; place of ingress. 
II. adv. Inwardly; 



n. One free from harm or fault. [L. in, not. 
and noceo, hurt.] 

INNOCENTLY (in'o-sent-li), adv. In an inno- 
cent manner. 

INNOCUOUS (in-nok'u-us), a. Harmless in ef- 
fects. [L. innocuusJ] 

INNOCUOUSLY (in-nok'u-us-li), adv. In an 
innocuous manner. 

INNOMINATUM (in-nom-i-na'tum), n. Hip- 
bone, formed of three parts, ilium, ischium* 
and pubis. [L., unnamed.] 

INNOVATE (in'o-vat), vi. [pr.p. IN'NOVATING; 
p.t. and p.p. IN'NOVATED.] Introduce nov- 
elties; make changes. [L. novus, new.] 

INNOVATION (in-o-va'shun), n. 1. Act of in- 
troducing something new into a previously 
existing system. 2. Change made by the in- 
troduction of something new, as a law, 
custom, etc. 

INNOXIOUS (in-nok'shus), a. Not producing 
or tending to produce harmful effects. 

INNSBRUCK (ins'brok), n. Capital of Tyrol. 

INNUENDO (in-u-en'do), n. [pi. INNUEN'DOS,\ 
Side-hint ; insinuation. [L. in, in, and nuo, nod.i< 

SYN. Intimation; suggestion. ANT. Ac- 
cusation; imputation. 

INNUIT (in'u-it), n. Native name of the Eskimp 
race in America. 

INNUMERABLE (in-nu'mer-a-bl), a. That c4i*i- 
not be numbered; countless. 

INNUMERABLY (in-nu'mer-a-bli), adv. With- 
out number; so as to be innumerable. 

INNUTRITION (in-nu-trish'un), n. Want of nu- 
trition; failure of nourishment. 

INNUTRITIOUS (in-nu-trish'us), a. Not nu- 
tritious. 

UNOBTRUSIVE (in-ob-tro'siv), a. Not obtrusive. 

INOCULATE (in-ok'u-lat), v. [pr.p. INOCULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INOCULATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Communicate disease by inserting matter in 
the skin. 2. Imbue. II. vi. Practice inoc- 
ulation. [L. in, in, and oculus, eye.] 

INOCULATION (in-ok-u-la'shun), n. 1. Med. 
The communication of disease by the intro- 
duction of a specific germ or animal poison 
into the system by puncture or otherwise. 2. 
Contamination or infection. 

INODOROUS (in-6'dur-us), a. Without odor. 

INOFFENSIVE (in-of-fen'siv), a. Giving no 
offense; harmless. 

INOFFENSIVELY (in-of-fen'siv-li), adv. In an 
inoffensive manner. 

INOFFENSIVENESS (in-of-fen'siv-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being inoffensive. 

INOFFICIAL (in-of-fish'al), a. Not proceeding 
from the proper officer; without the usual 
form of authority. 

INOFFICIALLY (in-of-fish'al-i), adv. In an 
inofficial manner. 

INOPERATIVE (in-op'er-a-tiv), a. Not in ac- 
tion; producing no effect. 

INOPPORTUNE (in-op-ur-tun'), a. Untimely; 
unseasonable; inconvenient. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



INOPPORTUNELY 



621 



INSEPARABLY 



INOPPORTUNELY (in-op-ur-tun'li), adv. In 
an inopportune manner. 

INORDINATE (in-ar'di-nat), a. Beyond usual 
bounds; irregular; immoderate. 

INORDINATELY (in-ar'di-nat-li), adv. In an 
inordinate manner. 

INORDINATENESS (in-ar'di-nat-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inordinate. 

INORGANIC (in-ar-gan'ik), a. Without life or 
organized structure, as minerals, etc. 

INORNATE (in-ar-naf), a. Without decoration; 
plain. 

INOSCULATE (in-os'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. INQS'CU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. INOSCULATED.] I. 
vt. Unite by mouths or ducts, as two vessels 
in an animal body; inter join. II. vi. Inter- 
communicate. [L. in, in, and osculor, kiss.] 

INOSCULATION (in-os-ku-la'shun), n. Act of 
inosculating; intercommunication. 

INQUEST (in'kwest), n. 1. Judicial inquiry. 2. 
Jury for inquiring into any matter, especially 
a case of violent or sudden death. [O. Fr. 
enqueste. See INQUIRE.] 

INQUIETUDE (in-kwi'et-ud), n. Uneasiness of 
body or mind. 

INQUIRE (in-kwir'), v. [pr.p. INQUIRING; p.t. 
and p.p. INQUIRED (in-kwird').] I. vi. 1. 
Ask a question. 2. Make an investigation. 
II. vt. Ask about. [L. inquiro — in, into, and 
qucero, seek.] 

INQUIRER (in-kwir'er), n. One who inquires. 

INQUIRY (in-kwir'i), n. [pi. INQUIRIES.] 1. 
Act of inquiring. 2. Search for knowledge; 
investigation ; question. [L. in, in, and qucero, 
seek.] 

INQUISITION (in-kwi-zish'un), n. 1. Searching 
investigation; question. 2. Judicial inquiry. 
3. [I-] Ecclesiastical tribunal for punishing 
heretics. [L. inquisitio. See INQUIRE.] 

INQUISITIONAL (in-kwi-zish'un-al), a. Per- 
taining to inquisition. 

INQUISITIVE (in-kwiz'i-tiv), a. Apt to ask 
questions; curious. 

INQUISITIVELY (in-kwiz'i-tiv-li), adv. In an 
inquisitive manner. 

INQUISITIVENESS (in-kwiz'i-tiv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inquisitive. 

INQUISITOR (in-kwiz'i-tur), n. One who in- 
quires; official inquirer. 

INQUISITORIAL (in-kwiz-i-to'ri-al), a. After 
the manner of an inquisitor; searching. 

INROAD (in'rod), n. Invasion; attack; en- 
croachment. 

INRUSH (in'rush), n. Sudden invasion or incur- 
sion. 

INSALUBRIOUS (in-sa-16'bri-us), a. Unwhole- 
some. 

INSANE (in-san'), a. 1. Not of sound mind. 2. 
Pertaining to insane persons. 3. Foolish. 

INSANELY (in-san 'li), adv. In an insane manner. 

INSANITY (in-san'i-ti), n. State of being in- 
sane; madness. 

SYN. Alienation; aberration; dementia; 



derangement; frenzy; lunacy; monomania; 
delirium; paranoia. ANT. Sanity; sane- 
ness; rationality. 

INSATIABLE (in-sa'shi-a-bl), INSATIATE (in- 
sa'shi-at), a. That cannot be satiated. 

INSATIABLENESS (in-sa'shi-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being insatiable. 

INSATIABLY (in-sa'shi-a-bli), adv. In an in- 
satiable manner. 

INSCRIBE (in-skrib'), vt. [pr.p. INSCRI'BING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSCRIBED (in-skribd').] 1. 
Write; engrave. 2. Address. 3. Geom. Draw 
one figure within another. [L. in, in and scribo, 
write.] 

INSCRIPTION (in-skrip'shun), n. 1. Writing 
upon. 2. That which is inscribed; title; dedi- 
cation of a book to a person. 

INSCRUTABLE (in-skro'ta-bl), a. That cannot 
be searched into and understood; inexplicable. 
[L. in, not, and scrutor, search into.] 

INSCRUTABLY (in-skro'ta-bli), adv. In an 
inscrutible manner. 

INSECT (in'sekt), n. Small 
animal, as a wasp or fly, 
with a body as if cut into, 
or divided into sections. 
[L. in, into, and seco, 
cut.] 

INSECTICIDE (in-sek'ti- 
sid), n. One who or that 
which kills insects; spe- 
cifically, a chemical prep- 
aration for destroying 
noxious insects. 

INSECTIVORA (in-sek- 
tiv'o-ra), n. pi. Order of 
mammals that feed on 
insects. It includes the 
hedgehogs, moles, and 
shrews. [L. insectum, in- 
sect, and voro, devour.] 

INSECTIVOROUS (in-sek- 

tiv'ur-us), a. 1. Eating insects, 
on insects, 

INSECURE (in-se-kur'), a. Apprehensive of dan- 
ger or loss; not safe. 

INSECURELY (in-se-kur 'li), adv. In an inse- 
cure manner. 

INSECURITY (in-se-kur'i-ti), n. Condition 
of being insecure. 

INSENSATE (in-sen'sat), a. Void of sense; 
wanting sensibility; stupid. [L. insensatus.] 

INSENSIBILITY (in-sen-si-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being insensible. 

INSENSIBLE (in-sen'si-bl), a. 1. Not having 
feeling; callous; dull. 2. Imperceptible by 
the senses. 

INSENTIENT (in-sen'shi-ent), a. Not having 
perception. 

INSEPARABLE (in-sep'a-ra-bl), a. Not to be 
separated. 

INSEPARABLY (in-sep'a-ra-bli), adv. In an 
inseparable manner. 




Parts of an insect. 

I. Antennae. 2. Eyes. 3. 
Head. 4. Anterior leg's. 
5- Prothorax. 6. Meso- 
thorax. 7. Anterior wings. 
8. Metathorax. 9- Middle 
legs. 10. Posterior wings. 

II. Posterior legs- 12. 
Abdomen. 13. Tibiae. 14. 
Tarsi. 



2. Subsisting 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: mS, met, h§r; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,. 
u=w in'Scotcla gude; oil, owl, Men, kjj=cfe in Scotch loch. 






INSERT 



622 



INSPECT 



INSERT (in-sert), vt. [pr.p. INSERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. INSERT'ED.] Introduce; put in or 
among. [L. in, in, and sero, join.] 
INSERT (in'sert), n. Anything inserted; inter- 
polation; small paper set between the leaves 
of a periodical, etc. 
INSERTION (in-ser'shun), n. 1. Act of insert- 
ing. 2. Condition of being inserted. 3. That 
which Is inserted. 
INSET (in'set), n. 1. That which is separately 
set in anything, as the inset leaves of a book. 
2. Drift of the tide at its flood. 
INSHORE (in'shor),I. a. 1. Situated or located 
nearest the shore. 3. Approaching towards 
the shore. II. adv. On or near the shore. 
INSIDE (in'sid),I.n. Side or part within. II. o. Be- 
ing within ; interior. III. adv. or prep. 1. Within ; 
in the interior of; into. 2. Within the time of. 

SYN. Inclosed; inmost; inward. ANT. 
Outside; outward; exterior. 
INSIDER (in-si'der), n. 1. One who is inside. 
2. One who is familiar with, or who par- 
ticipates in the intimate and internal workings 
of a business or enterprise. 
INSIDIOUS (in-sid'i-us), a. Watching an op- 
portunity to insnare; intended to entrap; 
treacherous. [L. insidiw, ambush.] 

SYN. Sly; deceptive; subtle; foxy; deceit- 
ful. ANT. Honest; ingenuous; open; frank. 
INSIGHT (in'sit), n. 1. Sight into; view of the 

interior. 2. Acute observation. 
INSIGNIA (in-sig'ni-a), n.pl. 1. Badges of office 
or honor. 2. Devices adopted by various 
branches of government and other organiza- 
tions to indicate rank or station of depart- 
ments or persons bearing them. [L. in, in, 
and signum, mark.] 
INSIGNIFICANCE (in-sig-nif'i-kans), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being insignificant. 
INSIGNIFICANT (in-sig-nif'i-kant), a. Mean- 
ingless; without effect; unimportant. 

SYN. Trivial; petty; mean; immaterial; 
trifling. ANT. Significant; momentous; 
great; impressive; salient. 
INSINCERE (in-sin-ser'), a. Deceitful; dis- 
sembling. 

SYN. Crafty; subtle; underhand; tricky; 
intriguing; sly; designing; untruthful. ANT. 
Candid; sincere; frank; open; straight-for- 
ward; blunt; direct. 
INSINCERELY (in-sin-ser'li), adv. In an in- 
sincere manner. 
INSINCERITY (in-sin-ser'i-ti), n. [pi. INSIN- 
CERITIES.] 1. Quality or state of being in- 
sincere. 2. Insincere action. 
INSINUATE (in-sin'u-at), v. [pr.p. INSIN- 
UATING; p.t. and p.p. INSIN'UATED.] I. vt. 
1. Introduce gently or artfully. 2. Hint at, 
especially a fault. 3. Work into favor. II. vi. 
Creep or flow in; enter gently or by flattery. 
[L. sinus, curve.] 

SYN. Ingratiate; insert; intimate; worm. 
ANT. Withdraw; retract; extract. 



INSINUATION (in-sin-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act oi 
insinuating. 2. That which is insinuated. 
SYN. Innuendo; suggestion; intimation. 
ANT. Imputation; accusation; assertion. 

INSIPID (in-sip'id), a. Tasteless; wanting spirit 
or animation; dull. [L. in, not, and sapidus, 
savory — sapio, taste.] 

INSIPIDITY (in-si-pid'i-ty), n. Quality or state 
being insipid. 

INSIPIDLY (in-sip'id-li), adv. In an insipid 
manner. 

INSIPIDNESS (in-sip'id-nes), n. Insipidity. 

INSIST (in-sisf), vi. [pr.p. INSISTING; p.t. and 
p.p. INSIST'ED.] 1. Dwell (on) in discourse. 
2. Persist in pressing. [L. in, upon, and 
sisto, stand.] 

INSISTENCE (in-sist'ens), n. Act of insisting; 
urgency. 

INSISTENT (in-sist'ent), a. Persevering; per- 
sistent; insisting. 

INSNARE (in-snar'), vt. [pr.p. INSNAR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. IN SNARED (in-snard').] Catch in a 
snare; entrap; take by deceit; entangle. 

INSOBRIETY (in-so-bri'e-ti), n. Want of so- 
brfety; intemperance. 

INSOLATION (in-so-la'shun), n. 1. Exposure 
to the sun for any purpose; sunbath. 2. Sun- 
stroke. [L. in, in, and sol, sun.] 

INSOLE (in'sol), n. Inner sole of a shoe. 

INSOLENCE (in'so-lens), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being insolent. 2. Insolent act or conduct; 
impudence. 

INSOLENT (in'so-lent), a. Haughty and con- 
temptuous; insulting; rude. [L. in, not, and 
solens, being accustomed.] 

SYN. Saucy; impertinent. ANT. Obse- 
quious; polite; courteous. 

INSOLENTLY (in'so-lent-li), adv. In an insolent 
manner. 

INSOLUBILITY (in-sol-u-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being insoluble. 

INSOLUBLE (in-sol'u-bl), a. Not capable of be- 
ing dissolved or solved. 

INSOLUBLENESS (in-sol'u-bl-nes), n. Insol- 
ubility. 

INSOLVENCY (in-solv'en-si), n. [pi. INSOLV- 
ENCIES.] Quality or state of being insolvent. 

SYN. Bankruptcy; failure. ANT. Solv- 
ency; credit; standing. 

INSOLVENT (in-solv'ent), I. a. 1. Not able to 
pay one's debts. 2. Pertaining to insolvent 
persons. II. n. One unable to pay his debts. 

INSOMNIA (in-som'ni-a), n. Sleeplessness. [L. 
in, not, and somnus, sleep.] 

INSOMUCH (in-so-much'), adv. To such a de- 
gree; so. 

INSOUCIANCE (ang-so-syangs'), n. Heedless 
unconcern. [Fr.] 

INSPECT (in-spekf), vt. [pr.p. INSPECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSPECT'ED.] 1. Look into; 
look at narrowly. 2. Superintend; examine 
officially. [L. inspecto, freq. of inspicio, look 
into — -in, into, and specio, look.] 



fate, tat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch.< ' 






INSPECTION 



623 



INSTITUTE 




Inspector's Badge. 

2. Body of inspectors. 

Office 



INSPECTION (in-spek'shun), n. 
specting. 

INSPECTOR(in-spekt'- 
fir), n. 1. One who 
inspects. 2. Officer 
of police, usually 4 
ranking next below 
the superintendent. 

INSPECTORATE (in- 
spekt'ur-at), n. 1. 
District of an inspector. 
3. Duty or position of an inspector. 

INSPECTORSHIP (in-spekt'ur-ship), n. 
or district of an inspector. 

INSPIRABLE (in-spir'a-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing inhaled. 

INSPIRATION (in-spi-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
inspiring or breathing into; breath. 2, Di- 
vine influence by which the sacred writers 
were instructed. 3. Elevating or exciting in- 
fluence. 

INSPIRATORY (in-spir'a-to-ri), a. Belonging 
to or aiding inspiration or inhalation. 

INSPIRE (in-splr'), v. [pr.p. INSPIRING; p.t. 
and p.p. INSPIRED (in-spird').] I. vt. 1. 
Breathe into. 2. Draw or inhale into the 
lungs. 3. Infuse by breathing, or as if by 
breathing. 4. Infuse into the mind, as by 
divine influence. 5. Affect with a superior 
influence. II. vi. Draw in the breath. [L. 
in, in, and spiro, breathe.] 

SYN. Animate; inspirit; inflame;, im- 
bue; impel; encourage. ANT. Dispirit; 
depress; discourage; deter. 

INSPIRING (in-spir'ing), a. 1. Infusing spirit 
or courage; animating. 2. Affecting super- 
naturally. 

INSPIRIT (in-spir'it), vt. [pr.p. INSPIRIT- 
ING; p.U and p.p. INSPIR'ITED.] Infuse 
spirit into; give new life to; encourage. 

INSPISSATE (in-spis'at), vt. [pr.p. INSPIS- 
SATING; p.t. and p.p. INSPISSATED.] 
Thicken by the evaporation of moisture. [L. 
in, in, and spissus, thick.] 

INSPISSATION (in-spis-sa'shun), n. Act of in- 
spissating. 

INSTABILITY (in-sta-bil'i-ti), n. Want of 
stability, steadiness or firmness. 

INSTABLE (in-sta'bl), a. Not stable. 

INSTALL (in-stal'), vt. [pr.p. INSTALLING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSTALLED (in-stald').] 1. Es- 
tablish in a place. 2. Invest with a charge 
or office. 3. Place in position for service. 
[Fr. installer,] 

INSTALLATION (in-stal-la'shun), n. 1. Act 
of installing or placing in an office with cere- 
monies. 2. Plant or establishment for con- 
ducting a mechanical business, including the 
building, tools, machines, etc. 3. The setting 
up of such an establishment; the placing of 
anything in position for service. 

INSTALLMENT, INSTALMENT (in-stal'ment), 
n. 1. Act of installing; installation. 3. One of 



the parts of a sum paid at various times. 3. 
That which is delivered at one of several stated 
periods. 

INSTANCE (in'stans), n. 1. Instigation; sug- 
gestion; request. 2. Occasion. 3. Example; 
illustration. [Fr. — L. instantia — instans, 
present.] 

INSTANCE (in'stans), vt. [pr.p. IN'STANCING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSTANCED (in'stanst).] Ad- 
duce as an example ; cite. 

INSTANT (instant), I. a. 1. Pressing; ur- 
gent. 2. Immediate; quick. 3. Present; 
current (abbr. inst., as on the 13th inst.). EI. 
n. Moment. [L. insto, stand upon.] 

INSTANTANEOUS (in-stan-ta'ne-us), a, 1. 
Done in an instant. 2. Momentary. 

INSTANTER (in-stan'ter), adv. At once; im- 
mediately. [L.] 

INSTANTLY (in'stant-li), adv. Without delay; 
at once. 

INSTATE (in-staf), vt. [pr.p. INSTA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSTATED.] Put in possession; 
install. 

INSTAURATION (in-sta-ra'shun), n. Renewal; 
restoration. [L. instauro, rebuild.] 

INSTEAD (in-sted'), adv. In place (of). [A. S. 
on stede. See STEAD.] 

INSTEP (in'step), n. 1. Upper part of the hu- 
man foot near its junction with the leg. 2. 
In horses, front of the hind leg from the ham 
to the pastern joint. 

INSTIGATE (in'sti-gat), vt. [pr.p. INSTIGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INSTIGATED.] Urge; 
set on; incite. [L. instigo, incite.] 

SYN. Animate; stimulate; impel; goad; 
tempt. ANT. Repress; hold; restrain. 

INSTIGATION (in-sti-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 
instigating. 2. That which serves to insti- 
gate. 

INSTIGATOR (in'sti-ga-tur), n. One who in- 
stigates. 

INSTILL (in-stil'), vt. [pr.p. INSTILL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSTILLED (in-stild').] Infuse 
slowly into the mind. [L. in, in, and stilla, 
drop.] 

INSTILLATION (in-stil-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
instilling. 2. That which is instilled. 

INSTILLMENT (in-stil 'ment), n. Instillation. 

INSTINCT (in'stingkt), n. 1. Spontaneous, un- 
reasoning prompting to action. 2. Natural 
impulse by which animals are guided. [L. 
instinctus — root of INSTIGATE.] 

SYN. Prompting; impulse; intuition; 
inclination. ANT. Reasoning; abstraction; 
judgment. 

INSTINCT (in-stingkf), a. Instigated; moved; 
animated; alive. 

INSTINCTIVE (in-stingk'tiv), a. Pertaining to 
or prompted by instinct. 

INSTITUTE (in'sti-tut), vt. [pr.p. INSTITU- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INSTITUTED.] 1. Set up 
or establish. 2. Set in operation; begin. 
3. Nominate or appoint, as to an office. [L. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INSTITUTE 



624 



INSUPERABLE 



itistiiutus, p.p. of instiiuo — in, in, and statuo, 
set up — sto, stand.] 

SYN. Found; establish; invest; appoint. 
ANT. Subvert; disestablish. 

INSTITUTE (in'sti-iut), n. 1. Anything form- 
ally established. 2. Established law, pre- 
cept, or principle; book of precepts or prin- 
ciples. 3. Educational, literary* or philo- 
sophical society or institution. 

INSTITUTION (in-sti-tushun), n. 1. Act of 
Instituting; enactment; foundation. 2. That 
which is instituted; established order, custom, 
or the like. 3. Public establishment. 

INSTRUCT (in-strukt), vt. [pr.p. INSTRUCT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. INSTRUCTED.] 1. Pre- 
pare; inform; teach. 2. Order; direct. [L. 
in, in, and struo, build up.] 

SYN. Enlighten; educate; inform; edify. 
ANT. Misinform; misguide ;*mislead. 

INSTRUCTION (in-struk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
instructing or teaching. 2. Information. 3. 
Command. 

INSTRUCTIVE (in-strukt'iv), a. Conveying in- 
struction or knowledge. 

INSTRUCTIVELY (in-strukt'iv-li), adv. In an 
instructive manner. 

INSTRUCTOR (in-strukt'ur), n. One who im- 
parts instruction; teacher. 

INSTRUMENT (in'stro-ment), n. 1. Tool or 
utensil; device producing musical sounds. 2. 
Written contract. [L. instrumentum — instruo, 
build up.] 

INSTRUMENTAL (in-stro-men'tal), a. 1. Act- 
ing as an instrument or means; serving to 
promote an object; helpful. 2. Belonging to 
or produced by musical instruments. 

INSTRUMENTALITY (in-stro-men-tal'i-ti), n. 
[pi. INSTRUMENTALITIES.] 1. Quality or 
state of being instrumental. 2. That which 
is instrumental; means; agency. 

INSTRUMENTALLY (in-stro-men'tal-i), adv. 1. 
By means of an instrument or instruments. 2. As 
means to an end. 3. With instruments of music. 

INSTRUMENTATION (in-stro-men-ta'shun), n 
1. The arranging of music for a combination 
of instruments. 2. Music so arranged. 3. The 
playing upon an instrument. 

INSUBORDINATE (in-sub-ar'di-nat), a. Not 
submissive; disobedient; mutinous. 

SYN. Resistant; recalcitrant; rebellious; 
refractory; undutiful. ANT. Submissive; 
obedient; docile; dutiful. 

INSUBORDINATION (in-sub-ar-di-na'shun), n. 
Quality or state of being insubordinate; dis- 
obedience. 

INSUFFERABLE (in-suf'er-a-bl), a. Unbear- 
able; detestable. 

INSUFFERABLY (ln-suf 'er-a-bl), adv. In an 
insufferable manner. 

INSUFFICIENCY (ln-suf-flsh'en-si), n. Quality 
or state of being insufficient. 

INSUFFICIENT (in-suf-flsh'ent), a. Not suffi- 
cient; deficient; unfit. 




Insignia of Bureau of 
Insular Affairs. 



SYN. Inadequate; imperfect; meager; 
scant; stinted; scrimp; short; poor; in- 
complete. ANT. Sufficient; complete; full; 
adequate; perfect; plentiful; abundant; 
enough. 

INSUFFICIENTLY (in-suf-fish'ent-li), adv. In 
an insufficient manner or degree inadequately. 

INSULAR (in'su-lar), a. 1. Belonging to, or 
like, an island; pertaining to islands. 2. Per- 
taining to the people of an island; narrow. 
— Bureau of Insular 
Affairs, a division of 
the U.S. War Depart- 
ment charged with the 
administration of the 
affairs of civil govern- 
ment in the Philippine 
Islands and with other 
matters pertaining to 
the Insular Posses- 
sions, which include 
the Philippine, Hawai- 
ian, Samoan Islands 
and Guam, in the Pa- 
cific; Porto Rico and 
Pine Islands in the 
West Indies. [L. insularis — insula, island.] 

INSULARITY (in-su-lar'i-ti), n. State or quality 
of being insular. 

INSULATE (in'su-lat), vt. [pr.p. INSULATING; 
p.t. and p.p. INSULATED.] 1. Place in a 
detached situation. 2. Prevent connection 
or communication with. 3. Elec. Separate from 
other conducting bodies by interposing a non- 
conducting substance. 

INSULATION (in-su-la'shun), n. Act of insu- 
lating or state of being insulated. 

INSULATOR (in'su-la- 
tur), n. One who or 
that which insulates; 
non-conductor of elec- 
tricity; especially non- 
conducting support for 
an electric wire. 

INSULT (in-sulf), vt. 
[pr.p.INSULT'ING;p.*. 
and p.p. INSULTED.] 
Treat with indignity or 
contempt; abuse; af- 
front. [L. insulto, leap 
upon — in, in, and salio, 
leap.] 

INSULT (in'sult), n. Indignity; affront; abuse; 
outrage. 

INSULTING (in-sult'ing), a. Containing, using, 
or conveying abuse or insult. 

INSULTINGLY (in-sult'ing-li), adv. In an in- 
sulting manner. 

INSUPERABILITY (in-su-per-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being insuperable. 

INSUPERABLE (in-su'per-a-bl), a. Insur- 
mountable. [L. in, not, and supero, over- 
come.] 




Insulators. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



INSUPERABLY 



635 



INTELLIGENT 



SYN. Unattainable; impossible; infeasi- 
ble; unobtainable. ANT. Feasible; attain- 
able; practicable; surmountable. 

INSUPERABLY (in-su'per-a-bli), adv. In an 
insuperable manner. 

INSUPPORTABLE (in-sup-port'a-bl), a. Un- 
bearable; insufferable. 

INSUPPORTABLENESS (in-sup-port'a-bl-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being insupportable. 

INSUPPORTABLY (in-sup-port'a-bli), adv. In 
an insupportable manner or degree. 

INSURABLE (in-shor'a-bl), a. That may be in- 
sured. 

INSURANCE (in-shor'ans), n. 1. Insuring; 
contract by which one party undertakes for a 
payment or premium to guarantee another 
against risk or loss. 3. Premium so paid. 3. 
Amount insured. 

INSURE (in-shorO, vt. [pr.p. INSURING; p.t. 
and p.p. INSURED (in-shord').] 1. Make 
sure or secure. 3. Contract for a premium 
to make good a loss to, as from fire, etc., or 
to pay a certain sum to on a certain event, as 
death. 3. Secure indemnity of for future loss, 
as by accident. [O. Fr. enseurer.] 

SYN. Assure; guarantee; pledge; war- 
rant; protect; screen; intrench; ward; un- 
derwrite. ANT. Endanger; expose; hazard; 
venture; stake; risk; jeopardize; imperil. 

INSURED (in-shord'), n. Person who has a con- 
tract or policy of insurance on his life or 
property. 

INSURER (in-shor'er), n. One who insures; 
underwriter. 

INSURGENT (in-siir'jent), I. a. Rising in oppo- 
sition to authority ; rebellious. II. n. Rebel. 
[L. in, in, and surgo, rise.] 

INSURMOUNTABLE (in-sur-mownt'a-bl), a. 
That cannot be overcome. 

INSURRECTION (in-sur-rek'shun), n. Rising 
up; open and active opposition to the execu- 
tion of the law; rebellion. [See INSURGENT.] 

INSUSCEPTIBILITY (in-sus-sep-ti-bil'i-ti), n. 
Want of susceptibility. 

INSUSCEPTIBLE (in-sus-sep'ti-bl), c. Not ca- 
pable of feeling or of being affected. 

INTACT (in-takf), a. Uninjured; entire. [L. 
in, not, and tango, touch.] 

SYN. Unimpaired; faultless; finished; 
perfect; model; unblemished; complete; 
integral; whole. ANT. Impaired; faulty; 
imperfect; blemished; sectional; incom- 
plete. 

INTAGLIO (in-ta'lyo), n. Figure cut into a sub- 
stance; especially a stone or gem in which 
the design is hollowed out (the opposite of a 
CAMEO). [It. intagliare, engrave.] 

INTAKE (in'tak), n. Hydraul. Pipe or conduit 
for admission of air or water. 

INTANGIBILITY (in-tan-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being intangible. 

INTANGIBLE (in-tan 'ji-bl), a. Not tangible; 
not perceptible to touch. 



INTANGIBLENESS (in-tan' ji-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being intangible. 

INTANGIBLY (in-tan'ji-bli), adv. In an intangi- 
ble manner. 

INTEGER (in'te-jer), n. 1. Whole. 3. Whole 
number. [L. in, not, and tango, touch.] 

INTEGRAL (in'te-gral), I. a. Entire; whole; 
not fractional. II. n. Whole number. 

INTEGRALLY (in'te-gral-i), adv. In an inte- 
gral manner. 

INTEGRANT (in'te-grant), a. Making part of 
a whole ; necessary to form an entire thing. 

INTEGRATE (in'te-grat), vt. [pr.p. INTEGRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INTEGRATED.] Make 
entire. 

INTEGRITY (in-teg'ri-ti), n. 1. Unimpaired 
state. 3. Moral purity. 

SYN. Wholeness; entireness; rectitude; 
honesty; uprightness; probity. ANT. Vi- 
ciousness; rascality; roguery. 

INTEGUMENT (in-teg'u-ment), n. External 
covering of a plant or animal. 

INTEGUMENTARY (in-teg-u-men'ta-ri), a. Of, 
pertaining to, or consisting of, integuments. 

INTELLECT (in'tel-lekt), n. Understanding; 
sum of the powers of the mind, except im- 
agination and senses. [L. inter, between, 
and lego, choose.] 

INTELLECTIVE (in-tel-lek'tiv), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the intellect. 3. Able to understand. 
3. Produced or perceived by the understand- 
ing only. 

INTELLECTUAL (in-tel-lek'tu-al), a. 1. Re- 
lating to the intellect or mind; mental. 3. 
Perceived or performed by the intellect. 3. 
Having great power of understanding. 4. 
Exercising the mind. 

INTELLECTUALISM (in-tel-lek'tu-al-izm), n. 
1. System of doctrines concerning the in- 
tellect. 3. Culture of the intellect. 

INTELLECTUALIST (in-tel-lek'tu-al-ist), n. 
One who considers the human intellect as the 
source of all knowledge. 

INTELLECTUALLY (in-tel-lek'tu-al-i), adv. In 
an intellectual manner. 

INTELLIGENCE (in-tel'i-jens), n. 1. Exercise 
of the mind. 3. Irtellectual skill or knowledge; 
intellect. 3. Information communicated; 
news; knowledge. 

SYN. Understanding; apprehension; com- 
prehension; conception; announcement; re- 
port; tidings; publication. ANT. Mis- 
understanding; misinformation; stupidity; 
ignorance. 

INTELLIGENCE-OFFICE (in-tel'i-jens-of-is), w. 
Employment agency for farm-help, general 
servants, etc. 

INTELLIGENCER (in-tel'i-jen-ser), n. Mes- 
senger. 

INTELLIGENT (in-tel'i-jent), c. 1. Having 
intellect, or the faculty of reason. 3. Well- 
informed. [L. intelligo, choose between.] 
SYN. Educated; instructed; knowing; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
" ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, b.h=ch in Scotch locn. 



INTELLIGENTLY 



626 



INTERCESSOR 



sensible; sagacious. ANT. Ignorant; unedu- 
cated; uninformed; unlearned. 

INTELLIGENTLY (in-tel'i-jent-li), adv. In an 
intelligent manner. 

INTELLIGIBLE (in-tel'i-ji-bl), a. That may be 
understood; comprehensible; clear. 

INTELLIGIBLY (in-tel'i-ji-bli), adv. In an in- 
telligible manner. 

INTEMPERANCE (in-tem'per-ans), n. 1. Want 
of due restraint. 2. Habitual indulgence in 
intoxicating liquor. 

INTEMPERATE (in-tem'per-at), a. 1. In- 
dulging to excess, especially in the use of in- 
toxicating liquors. 2. Extreme ; excessive. 

INTEMPERATELY (in-tem'per-at-li), adv. In 
an intemperate manner. 

INTEMPERATENESS (in-tem'per-at-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being intemperate. 

INTEND (in-tend'), vt. [pr.p. INTENDING; p.t. 
and p.p. INTEND'ED.] Fix the mind upon; 
design. [L. intendo — in, towards, and tendo, 
stretch.] 

SYN. Contemplate; plan; mean; be in- 
tent upon; purpose; aim; purport. ANT. 
Chance; risk; hazard; venture. 

INTENDANT (in-tend'ant), n. 1. Officer who 
superintends. 2. In Canada, under French 
rule, second civil officer. 3. Chief official 
of a province or city in Spanish-American 
countries. 

INTENDED (in-tend'ed), I. a. 1. Purposed. 
2. Betrothed. II. n. Affianced lover. 

INTENSE (in-tens'), a. Closely strained; extreme 
in degree; very severe; deep; keen. [L. in- 
tensus, p.p. of intendo, stretch out.] 

INTENSELY (in-tens'li), adv. In an intense 
manner or degree. 

INTENSENESS (in-tens'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being intense. 

INTENSIFIER (in-ten'si-fi-er), n. One who or 
that which intensifies. 

INTENSIFY (in-ten'si-fi), v. [pr.p. INTEN'SIFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. INTENSIFIED (in-ten'si- 
fid).l I. vt. 1. Strengthen the force of ; make 
more intense. 2. In photography, give 
strength to or increase the density of the film 
of. n. vi. Become intense or more in- 
tense. 

INTENSION (in-ten'shun), n. 1. Straining or 
bending; increase of intensity. 2. Sum of the 
qualities implied by a general name. 

INTENSITY (in-ten'si-ti), n. [pi. INTENSITIES.] 
Quality or state of being intense; density. 

INTENSIVE (in-ten'siv), I. a. 1. Admitting of 
increase of degree. 2. Serving to intensify; 
giving force or emphasis. II. n. That which 
gives force or emphasis; intensive particle, 
word or phrase. 

INTENSIVELY (in-ten'siv-li), adv. In an in- 
tensive manner. 

INTENSIVENESS (in-ten'siv-nes), n. Intensity. 

INTENT (in-tenf), I. a. 1. Having the mind 
bent (on). 2. Fixed with close attention. II. 



n. 1. Application. 2. Thing aimed at or in- 
tended; design; meaning. [See INTEND.] 

INTENTION (in-ten'shun), n. 1. Direction of 
mind. 2. Object aimed at; design; purpose. 
3. Surg. Healing of wounds without gran- 
ulation, as healing by first intention. 

INTENTIONAL (in-ten'shun-al), a. With in- 
tention; intended. 

INTENTIONALLY (in-ten'shun-al-i), adv. 1. 
In an intentional manner. 2. In will, if not in 
deed. 

INTENTLY (in-tent'li), adv. In an intent man- 
ner. 

INTENTNESS (in-tent'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being intent. 

INTER-, prefix. Between; among. [L.] 

INTER (in-ter'), vt. [pr.p. INTER'RING; p.t. 
and p.p. INTERRED (in-terd').] Bury. [Fr. 
interrer — L. in, in, and terra, earth.] 

INTERACT (in-ter-akf), vi. [pr.p. INTERACT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. INTERACTED.] Act recip- 
rocally; act on each other. 

INTERACTION (in-ter-ak'shun), n. Mutual 
action. 

INTERBREED (in-ter-bred'), vt. and vi. [pr.p. 
INTERBREEDING; p.t. and p.p. INTER- 
BRED'.] Cross-breed. 

INTERCALARY (in-ter 'ka-la-ri), a. Inserted, 
in the calendar, as the 29th day of February 
in leap-years. 

INTERCALATE (in-ter ka-lat), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
TERCALATING; p.t. and p.p. INTERCA- 
LATED.] Insert between others. [L. inter, 
between, and calo, call.] 

INTERCARDINAL (in-ter-kar'di-nal), a. Be- 
tween principal or cardinal objects or points; 
as, intercardinal points of the compass. 

INTERCEDE (in-ter-sed), vi. [pr.p. INTER- 
CEDING; p.t. and p.p. INTERCEDED.] 1. Act 
as peacemaker. 2. Plead (for another). 

SYN. Mediate; intervene. See INTER- 
POSE. 

INTERCELLULAR (in-ter-sel'u-lar), a. Lying 
between cells. 

INTERCEPT (in-ter-sepf), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
CEPTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERCEPTED.] 
1. Stop and seize on its passage. 2. Obstruct; 
check. 3. Interrupt communication with; 
cut off. 4. Comprise or include between. [L. 
inter, between, and capio, seize.] 

INTERCEPTER (in-ter-sept'er), n. 1. One who 
or that which intercepts. 2. Elec. Device in 
wireless telegraphy to prevent interference 
of other electric currents than those sent out 
or intended to be received. 3. Elec. Apparatus 
connected with the antennae of wireless teleg- 
raphy to intercept and draw the electric cur- 
rents toward the instrument. 

INTERCEPTION (in-ter-sep'shun), n. Act of 
intercepting; stoppage. 

INTERCESSION (in-ter-sesh'un), w. Act of in- 
terceding or pleading for another. 

INTERCESSOR (in-ter-ses'iir), n. One who 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch nude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch 



INTERCESSORY 



62* 



INTERLOCUTION 



goes between, reconciles two enemies, or 
spleads for another. 

INTERCESSOR Y (in-ter-ses'o-ri), a. Interceding. 

INTERCHANGE (in-ter-chanj'), v. [pr.p. IN- 
TERCHANGING; p.t. and p.p. INTER- 
CHANGED (in-ter-chanjd).] I. vt. 1. Give 
and take mutually; exchange; replace each 
other. 2. Alternate; succeed alternately. II. 
vi. Change about. 

INTERCHANGE (in'ter-chanj), n. 1. Mutual 
exchange. 2. Alternate succession. 

INTERCHANGE ARLE (in-ter-chanj 'a-bl), a. 
1. Capable of being interchanged. 2. Follow- 
ing each other in alternate succession. 

INTERCIPIENT (in-ter-sip'i-ent), I. a. Inter- 
cepting. II. n. Person or thing that inter- 
cepts. 

INTERCLUDE (in-ter-klodO, vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
CLU'DING; p.t. and p.p. INTERCLU'DED.] 
Shut off; intercept. [L. claudo, close.] 

INTERCOLONIAL (in-ter-ko-16'ni-al), a. Mu- 
. tual between colonies. 

INTERCOLU3INIATION (in-ter-ko-lum-ni-a'- 
shun), n. Distance between two columns. 

INTERCOSTAL (in-ter-kos'tal), a. Lying be- 
tween two ribs of the same side. [See COSTAL.] 

INTERCOURSE (in'ter-kors), n. Connection 
by dealings; commerce; communion. - 

INTERDICT (in-ter-dikf), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
DICTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERDICTED.] 1. 
Prohibit; debar. 2. Cut off from the sac- 
raments. 

INTERDICT (in'ter-dikt), n. 1. Prohibitory de- 
cree. 2. Prohibition of the Pope. 

INTERDICTION (in-ter-dik'shun), n. Act of 
interdicting. 

INTERDICTIVE (in-ter-dikt'iv), o. Pertaining 
to an interdict. 

INTERDICTORY (in-ter-dikt'o-ri), o. Inter- 
dicting. 

INTEREST (in'ter-est), vt. [pr.p. INTEREST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. INTERESTED.] 1. En- 
gage the attention of; concern. 2. Cause to 
participate or take a share in. [L., from in- 
terum, be between.] 

SYN. Entertain; engage; occupy; at- 
tract; concern; amuse. ANT. Rore; 
weary; tire; fatigue. 

I INTEREST (in'ter-est), n, 1. Advantage. 2. 
Premium paid for the use of money; increase. 
3. Concern; special attention. 4. Influence. 
5. Share; participation. 6. Persons inter- 
ested in a particular business, measure, or 
the like. — Compound interest, the interest 
paid on the principal sum plus the interest 
which has become due but which, remaining 
unpaid, has been added to the principal. [L. 
interest, it concerns, 3d pers. sing. pres. indie, 
of intersum, be between.] 

INTERESTED (in'ter-est-ed), a. 1. Affected; 
moved. 2. Having an individual interest or 
concern; biased. 3. Done through or for 
personal interest. 



INTERESTING (in'ter-est-ing), a. Engaging 
the attention or regard; exciting emotion. 

INTERFERE (in-ter-fer'), vi. 1. Come in col- 
lision* 2. Meddle; interpose. 3. Act re- 
ciprocally, so as to augment, counteract, or 
otherwise modify one another, as two waves, 
rays of light, etc. 4. Strike the hoof against 
the opposite fetlock; said of a horse. [L. 
inter, between, and ferio, strike.] 

INTERFERENCE (in-ter-fer'ens), n. 1. Act 
or state of interfering. 2. Elec. Crossing 
and commingling of electric waves in wireless 
telegraphy whereby messages sent and re- 
ceived become unintelligible. 

INTERGLACIAL (in-ter-gla'shi-al), a. Of the 
time between two glacial periods. 

INTERIM (in'ter-im), n. Time intervening; 
meantime. [L. inter, between, and the ac- 
cusative ending -m.] 

INTERIOR (in-te'ri-iir), I. a. 1. Reing within: 
inside; internal. 2. Remote from the frontier 
or coast; inland. II. n. 1. Inside; inner 
part. 2. Inland part of a country. [L., 
comp. of interns, inward.] 

INTERJACENT (in-ter-ja'sent), o. Lying be- 
tween; intervening. [L. inter, between, and 
jaceo, lie.] 

INTERJECT (in-ter-jekf), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
JECTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERJECTED.] 
Throw between; insert. [L. inter, between, 
and jacto, freq. of jacio, throw.] 

INTERJECTION (in-ter-jek'shun), w. 1. Act of 
throwing between. 2. Word thrown in ex- 
pressing emotion, as O! pshawl gee! 

INTERJECTIONAL (in-ter-jek'shun-al), c. Of 
or pertaining to an interjection. 

INTERLACE (in-ter-las'), vt. 
[pr.p. INTERLACING; p.t. 
and p.p. INTERLACED (in- 
ter-last').] Lace together; 
intertwine; entwine. 

INTERLARD (in-ter-lard'), 
vt. [pr.p. INTERLARD 'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INTERLARD'- 
ED.] Mix in or mingle. 

INTERLEAVE (in-ter-lev'), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
LEAVING; p.t. and p.p. INTERLEAVED (in- 
ter-levd').] Ins rt blank leaves in (a book). 

INTERLINE (in-ter-lin'), vt. [pr.p. INTERLI'- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. INTERLINED (in-ter- 
lind').] 1. Write in alternate lines. 2. Write 
between lines. 

INTERLINEAL (in-ter-lin'e-al), a. Between 
lines; interlinear. 

INTELINEAR (in-ter-lin'e-ar), a. Written or 
printed between lines. 

INTERLINEATION (in-ter-lin-e-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of interlining. 2. That which is interlined. 

INTERLINK (in-ter-lingk'), vt. [pr.p, INTER- 
LINKING; p.t. and p.p. INTERLINKED (in- 
ter-lingkt').] Link together; linfc. 

INTERLOCUTION (in-ter-lo-ku'shun), ». 1. 
Conference. 2. Intermediate decree before 




Interlacing 
Arches. 



fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met her; mite, mit; note not ^ove wolf ; mute, hut, bum, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotcn locn. 



INTERLOCUTOR 



628 



INTERPOLATE 



final decision. [Fr. — L. inter, between, and 
loquor, speak.] 
INTERLOCUTOR (in-ter-Iok'u-tur), n. One 
who takes part in a conversation or discussion. 
INTERLOCUTORY (in-ter-lok'u-to-ri), a. 1. 
Conversational. 2. Intermediate; not final. 
INTERLOPE (in-ter-lop), vi. [pr.p. INTER- 
LOPING; p.t. and p.p. INTERLOPED (in-ter- 
lopt').] Intrude; meddle. [L. inter, between, 
and Dut. loopen, run.] 
INTERLOPER (in'ter-lo-per), n. Intruder. 
INTERLUDE (in'ter-lod), n. 1. Short play be- 
tween the acts of a play. 2. Short piece of 
music played between the parts of a song. 
[L. inter, between, and Indus, play.] 
INTERMARRIAGE (in-ter-mar'aj), n. Act of 

intermarrying. 
INTERMARRY (in-ter-mar'i), vi. [pr.p. IN- 
TERMAR'RYLNG; p.t. and p.p. INTERMAR- 
RIED (in-ter-mar'id).] Recome connected 
by marriage, as two families or tribes. 
INTERMEDDLE (in-ter-med'l), vi. [pr.p. IN- 
TERMED'DLING; p.t. and p.p. INTERMED- 
DLED (in-ter-med'ld).] Meddle or mix (with) ; 
interpose or interfere improperly. 
INTER3IEDDLER (in-ter-med'ler), w. One who 

intermeddles. 
INTERMEDIARY (in-ter-me'di-a-ri), n. Media- 
tor; go-between. 
INTERMEDIATE (in-ter-medi-at), INTER- 
MEDIARY (in-ter-me'di-a-ri), a. In the mid- 
dle; between; intervening. 

SYN. Interposed; included; comprised. 
ANT. Surrounding; inclosing; embracing; 
extreme. 
INTERMENT (in-ter'ment), n. Burial. 
INTERMEZZO (in-ter-med'zo), w. 1. Light 
dramatic piece or ballet divertissement, intro- 
duced between the acts of a play or opera. 
2. Short musical interlude of a light diverting 
character. [It. — L. intermedins, that is be- 
tween — inter, between, and meditis, middle.] 
INTERMINABLE (in-ter'mi-na-bl), a. Bound- 
Less; endless. 

SYN. Unending; everlasting; perpetual; 
infinite. ANT. Terminable; brief; short; 
momentary. 
INTERMINABLY (in-ter'mi-na-bli), adv. In an 

interminable manner. 
INTERMINGLE (in-ter-min'gl), vt. and vi. [pr.p. 
INTERMINGLING; p.t. and p.p. INTERMIN- 
GLED in-ter-min'gld).] Mingle; mix. 
INTERMISSION (in-ter-mish'un), n. 1. Act of 

Intermitting. 2. Interval; pause. 
INTER MISSIVE (in-ter-mis'iv), a. Coming at 

intervals. 
INTERMIT (in-ter-mit), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
MITTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERMITTED.] 
Cause to (ease for a time; interrupt. [L. inter, 
between, and mitto, send.] 
INTERMITTENT (in-ter-mit'ent), I. a. Inter- 
mitting- II. n. Pathol. Intermittent fever; ague. 
INTERMIX (in-ter-miks), v. [pr.p. INTER- 



MIXING; p.t. and p.p. INTERMIXED (in- 
ter-mikst').] I. vt. Mix together. II. vi. Be- 
come intermingled. 

INTERMIXTURE (in-ter-miks'tur), n. 1. Act 
or process of intermixing. 2. Mass formed 
by intermixing. 

INTERNAL (in-ter'nal), a. 1. Interior. 2. Do- 
mestic. 3. Intrinsic. [L. internus, within.] 

INTERNAL COMBUSTION (in-ter'nal kom- 
bus'chun). Chem. Conversion of oil, gas- 
oline, petroleum or other combustible fluid, 
through ignition while in a confined space, 
into expansive gases of great motive force. 




Suction. 



2. Compression. 



3. Explosion — 4. Exhaust. 

Expansion. 

Different stages of Internal Combustion. 

INTERNALLY (in-ter'nal-i), adv. 1. Inwardly. 
2. Mentally. 

INTERNATIONAL (in-ter-nash'un-al), a. Per- 
taining to the relations between nations. 

INTERNE, INTERN (in-tern'), n. Resident 
physician or surgeon, or medical student 
attendant, in a hospital. 

INTERNECINE (in-ter-ne'sin), a. 3Iutually 
destructive; deadly. [L. inter, between, and 
neco, kill.] 

INTERPHONE (in'ter-fon), n. Telephone device 
for interior automatic 
communicationinahouse 
or building without use of 
switchboard operator or 
telephone exchange. 

INTERPLEAD (in-ter- 
pled'), vi. [pr.p. INTER- 
PLEADING; p.t. and 
p.p. INTERPLEADED.] 
Litigate claims by inter- 1 
pleader. 

INTERPLEADER (in-ter- 
pled'er), n. Law. Pro- 
ceeding by bill in equity, 
intended to protect a defendant who claims 
no interest in the subject-matter of a suit, 
while at the same time he has reason to 
know that the claimant's title is disputed by 
some other claimant. 

INTERPOLATE (in-ter'po-lat), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
TERPOLATING; p.t. and p.p. INTERPO- 
LATED.] Alter (a text) by inserting a spuri- 
ous word or passage. [L. interpolis, altered — 




Interphone. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me met her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh= . * in Scotch loch. 



INTERPOLATION 



629 



INTESTINAL 



inter, between, and polio, polish, erase. Era- 
sing on a wax tablet was done by smoothing 
out the characters on it.] 

INTERPOLATION (in-ter-po-la'shun), n. 1. 
Act of interpolating. 2. That which is inter- 
polated. 

INTERPOSE (in-ter-poz'), v. [pr.p. INTER- 
POSING; p.t. and p.p. INTERPOSED (in-ter- 
pozd').] I. vt. Place between; thrust in. II. 
vi. 1. Come between. 2. Mediate. 3. Put 
in by way of interruption; interfere. 

INTERPOSITION (in-ter-po-zish'un), n. 1. 
Intervention; mediation. 2. Thing inter- 
posed. 

INTERPRET (in-ter'pret), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
PRETING; p.t. and p.p. INTERPRETED.] 

I. Explain the meaning of. 2. Translate; 
decipher. [L. interpretor.] 

INTERPRETATION (in-ter-pre-ta'shun), n. Ex- 
planation; meaning. 

INTERPRETER (in-ter'pret-er), n. One who 
interprets. 

INTERREGNUM (in-ter-reg'num), n. Time be- 
tween two reigns. [L. inter, between, and 
regnum, rule.] 

INTERROGATE (in-ter'o-gat), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
TERROGATING; p.t. and p.p. INTERRO- 
GATED.] Question; examine by asking ques- 
tions. [L. interrogo, question.] 

INTERROGATION (in-ter-o-ga'shun), n. 1. 
Act of interrogating. 2. Question put. 3. 
Mark of a question (?). 

INTERROGATIVE (in-ter-rog'a-tiv), I. a. De- 
noting a question; expressed as a question. 

II. n. Word used in asking a question. 
INTERROGATIVELY (in-ter-rog'a-tiv-li), adv. 

In an interrogative manner. 

INTERROGATOR (in-ter'o-ga-txir), n. One who 
interrogates. 

INTERROGATORY (in-ter-rog'a-to-ri), I. n. 
Formal question or inquiry. II. a. Expressing 
a question. 

INTERRUPT (in-ter-rupt'), vt. {pr.p. INTER- 
RUPTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERRUPTED.] 
1. Break in or between; stop; hinder. 2. Di- 
vide; break continuity of. [L. interruptus, p.p. 
of interrumpo, break through.] 

INTERRUPTER (in-ter-iupt'er), n. 1. One who 
or that which interrupts. 2. Elec. Device 
used to break low tension current on an 
automobile. 

INTERRUPTION (in-ter-rup'shun), n. 1. Act 
of interrupting. 2. Hindrance; cessation. 

INTERRUPTIVE (in-ter-rupt'iv), a. Tending to 
interrupt. 

INTERSECT (in-ter-sekf), v. [pr.p. INTER- 
SECTING; p.t. and p.p. INTERSECTED.] I. 
vt. 1. Cut between or asunder. 2. Cut or cross 
mutually. II. vi. Cross each other. [L. inter, 
between, and seco, sectum, cut.] 

INTERSECTION (in-ter-sek'shun), n. 1. In- 
tersecting. 2. Point or line in which two lines 
or two planes cut each other. 



INTERSPERSE (in-ter-spers), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
SPERSING; p.t. and p.p. INTERSPERSED 
(in-ter-sperst').] Scatter in between. [L. 
inter, between, and spargo, scatter.] 

INTERSPERSION (in-ter-spershun), n. Act 
of interspersing or state of being interspersed. 

INTERSTATE (in'ter-stat), a. Pertaining to 
relations between different states. — Inter- 
state Commerce Commission, body of men 
created by United States Congress to regu- 
late commercial traffic between the several 
States. 

INTERSTELLAR (in-ter-stel'ar), a. Situated 
beyond the solar system, among the stars. [L. 
inter, between, and stella, star.] 

INTERSTICE (in'ter-stis or in-ter'stis), n. 
Crevice ; chink. [L. inter, between, and sisto, 
stitum, stand.] 

INTERSTITIAL (in-ter-stish'al), a. Pertaining 
to or containing interstices. 

INTERTWINE (in-ter-twin), v. [pr.p. INTER- 
TWINING; p.t. and p.p. INTERTWINED 
(in-ter-twind').] I. vt. Interlace; interweave. 
II. vi. Twine together. 

INTERVAL (in'ter-val), n. 1. Time or space be- 
tween. 2. Music. Difference of pitch between 
any two musical tones. [L. inter, between, 
and vallum, rampart.] 

INTERVENE (in-ter-ven'), vi. [pr.p. INTER- 
VENING; p.t. and p.p. INTERVENED (in-ter- 
vend').] 1. Come or be between; interpose. 
2. Occur between points of time. 3. Happen 
so as to interrupt. [L. inter, between, and 
venio, come.] 

INTERVENTION (in-ter-ven'shun), n. 1. Act 
of intervening or state of being interposed. 
2. Law. Act of a third party in intervening 
and becoming a party in a suit between 
others. 

INTERVIEW (in'ter-vu), n. 1. Meeting; con- 
ference. 2. Conversation with a journal- 
ist for publication. [Fr. entrevue, mutual 
view.] 

INTERVIEW (in'ter-vu), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
VIEWING; p.t. and p.p. INTERVIEWED (in'- 
ter-vud) .] Have an interview with, especially 
for the purpose of publication. 

INTERVIEWER (in'ter-vu-er), n. One who 
Interviews. 

INTERWEAVE (in-ter-wev'), vt. [pr.p. INTER- 
WEAVING; p.t. INTERWOVE (in-ter-wov) 
or INTERWEAVED (in-ter-wevd') ; p.p. IN- 
TERWOVEN (in-ter-wo'vn) .] Weave or twine 
together. 

INTESTACY (in-tes'ta-si), n. Quality or state 
of being intestate. 

INTESTATE (in-tes'tat), I. a. 1. Without 
having made a valid will. 2. Not disposed 
of by will. II. n. Person who died without 
making a valid will. [L. in, not, and testor, 
make a will.] 

INTESTINAL (in-tes'ti-nal), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to the intestines. 2. Intestine. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. 



INTESTINE 



630 



INTRIGUE 



INTESTINE (in-tes'tin), I. a. 1. Contained in 
the animal body. ». Domestic. II. n. (Us- 
ually in pi.) Alimentary canal; bowels. [L. 
intus, inside.] 

INTHRALL (in-thral), vt. [pr.p. 
INTHRALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
INTHRALLED (in-thrald').] 
Bring into thraldom or bond- 
age; enslave. 

INTIMACY (in'ti-ma-si), n. [pi. 
INTIMACIES.] State of being 
intimate; close familiarity. 

INTIMATE (in'ti-mat), I. a. 1. 
Innermost; internal. 2. Close; 
closely acquainted; familiar. 
II. n. Familar friend; asso- 
ciate. [L. intimus — intus, with- 
in.] 

INTIMATE (in'ti-mat), vt. [pr.p. 
INTIMATING; p.t. and p.p 
INTIMATED.] Hint; an 
nounce indirectly. [L. 




Human 

Intestines and 

Stomach. 

1. Vermiform appen- 
dix. 2. Caecum. 3. 
Ileum. 6, 7. Ascend- 
ing ; 13, transverse, 
intimo.] and 4 > descending co- 

INTIMATELY (in'ti-mat-li), adv. 5? n Rectum? '^Duo- 
En an intimate manner; closely. J»Ti '«L£?°£: 

INTIMATION (in-ti-ma'shun), n. Stomach. 11. Esoph- 
1. Act of intimating. 2. That *f u st J? a c£ ardiac end 
which is intimated. 

INTIMIDATE (in-tim'i-dat), vt. [pr.p. INTIM- 
IDATING; p.t. and p.p. INTIMIDATED.] 
Make timid; frighten; dispirit. 

INTIMIDATION (in-tim-i-da'shun), n. Act of 
intimidating or state of being intimidated. 

INTO (in'to), prep. To and in; noting passage 
inward, or from one state to another. 

INTOLERABLE (in-tol'er-a-bl), a. That can- 
not be endured. 

INTOLERABLENESS (in-tol'er-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being intolerable. 

INTOLERABLY (in-tol'er-a-bli), adv. In an 
intolerable manner or degree. 

INTOLERANCE (in-tol'er-ans), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being intolerant. 2. Want of 
capacity or power to endure. 

INTOLERANT (in-tol'er-ant), a. 1. Not able 
or willing to endure. 2. Not enduring dif- 
ference of opinion, especially on questions of 
religious dogma; illiberal; bigoted; persecu- 
ting. 

INTOLERANTLY (in-tol'er-ant-li), adv. In an 
Intolerant manner. 

INTONATE (in'to-nat), v. [pr.p. INTONA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INTONATED.] I. vt. 
Intone. II. vl. Sound the notes of a musical 
scale. [L. intono — in, in, and tonus, tone.] 

INTONATION (ln-to-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
Intoning. 2. Modulation of the voice in 
speaking. 

INTONE fin-ton'), v. [pr.p. INTONING; p.t. 
and p.p. INTONED (in-tond').] I. vl. 1. 
Utter tones. 2. Give forth a low protracted 
sound. II. vt. Chant; read in a singing manner. 

INTOXICANT (in-toks'i-kant), n. Intoxica- 
ting substance, as alcohol. 



INTOXICATE (in-toks'i-kat), vt. [pr.p, IN- 
TOX'ICATING; p.t. and p.p. INTOX'ICATED.] 

1. Make drunk. 2. Excite to enthusiasm or 
madness. [L. intoxico — Gr. toxikon, poison 
for arrows — toxon, arrow.] 

INTOXICATING (in-toks'i-ka-ting), a. Tend- 
ing to make drunk; inebriating; exhilarating. 

INTOXICATION (in-toks-i-ka'shun), n. Act of 
intoxicating or state of being intoxicated. 

INTRA-, prefix. Denotes inside or within. [L. 
intra, inside.] 

INTRACTABILITY (in-trak-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being intractable. 

INTRACTABLE (in-trak'ta-bl), a. Unmanage- 
able; obstinate. 

INTRACTABLENESS (in-trak'ta-bl-nes), n. In- 
tractability. 

INTRACTABLY (in-trak'ta-bli), adv. In an 
intractable manner. 

INTRAMURAL (in-tra-mu'ral) a. Within the 
walls, as of a city. [L. intra, within, and 
MURAL.] 

INTRANSIGENT (in-tran'si-jent), a. Irrecon- 
cilable; extremely radical. [Sp., not trans- 
acting, uncompromising.] 

INTRANSITIVE (in-tran'si-tiv), a. Gram. Not 
taking a direct object; representing action 
confined to the agent; not transitive. 

INTRANSITIVELY (in-tran'si-tiv-li), adv. In 
an intransitive manner. 

INTRENCH (in-trench), vt. [pr.p. INTRENCH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. INTRENCHED (in-trencht').] 
Dig a trench around; fortify with a ditch and 
parapet. 

INTRENCHMENT (in-trench'ment), n. 1. Act 
of intrenching. 2. Earthen parapet thrown 
up to give cover against an enemy's fire and 
the ditch or trench from which the earth is 
obtained. 3. Any defense or protection. 4. 
Encroachment. 

INTREPID (in-trep'id), a. Without trepida- 
tion or fear; undaunted; brave. [L. in- 
trepidus.] 

INTREPIDITY (in-tre-pid'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being intrepid. 

INTREPIDLY (in-trep'id-li),' adv. In an in- 
trepid manner. 

INTRICACY (in'tri-ka-si), n. [pi. INTRICA- 
CIES.] 1. Quality or state of being intricate. 

2. That which is intricate. 

INTRICATE (in'tri-kat), a. Involved; perplex- 
ing. [L. intricaius — tricce, trifles, hindrances.] 

SYN. Entangled; complicated; mazy; 
tortuous. ANT. Simple; uninvolved; plain; 
direct; obvious. 

INTRIGUE (in-treg'), vi. [pr.p. INTRIGUING 
(in-treg'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. INTRIGUED (in- 
tregd').] 1. Form a plot or scheme. 2. 
Carry on illicit love. [Fr. intriguer — root of 
INTRICATE.] 

INTRIGUE (in-treg >, n. 1. Complex plot. 2. 
Private or party scheme. 3. Secret love- 
affair. 4. Plot of a play or romance. 






i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; n5te, not, mi e, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=cft, in Scotci 



INTRIGUER 



631 



INVASIVE 



INTRIGUER in-treg'er), n. On who intrigues. 

INTRINSIC (in-trin'sik), INTRINSIC AL (in- 
trin'sik-al), a. Inward; essential; real; in- 
herent. [L. intra, within, and secus, on the 
side.] 

INTRINSIC ALITY (in-trin-si-kal'i-ti), n. [pi. 
INTRINSICAI/ITIES.] Quality or state of 
being intrinsic; essentiality. 

INTRINSICALLY (in-trin'sik-al-i), adv. In 
reality. 

INTRINSICALNESS (in-trin'sik-al-nes), n. In- 
trinsicality. 

INTRO-, prefix. In; into; within. [L.] 

INTRODUCE (in-tro-dus'), vt. [pr.p. INTRODU- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. INTRODUCED (in-tro- 
dust').] 1. Lead or bring in; conduct into a 
place. 2. Formally make known or acquaint- 
ed. 3. Bring into notice or practice. 4. 
Commence; present. [L. intro, within, and 
duco, lead.] 

INTRODUCTION (in-tro-duk'shun), n. 1. Act 
of conducting into. 2. Act of making per- 
sons known to each other. 3. Act of bring- 
ing into notice or practice. 4. Preliminary 
matter to main part of a book. 5. Treatise 
introductory to a science or a course of 
study. 

INTRODUCTORY (in-tro-duk'to-ri), INTRO- 
DUCTIVE (in-tro-duk'tiv), a. Serving to in- 
troduce; preliminary. 

INTROIT (in-tro'it), n. Psalm or hymn sung be- 
fore or during communion. 

INTROMISSION (in-tro-mish'un), n. 1. In- 
sertion. 2. Admission. 

INTROMIT (in-tro-mit), v. [pr.p. INTROMI- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. INTROMIT TED.] I. vt. 
1. Send within. 2. Admit. II. vi. Inter- 
fere with the effects of another. [L. intro- 
mitto, send in — intro, within, and mitto, send.] 

INTROSPECTION (in-tro-spek'shun), n. 1. 
Sight of the inside or interior. 2. Self-ex- 
amination. [L. Intro, within, and specio, 
see.] 

INTROSPECTIVE (in-tro-spek'tiv), a. Looking 
within. 

INTROVERT (in-tro-vert'), vt. [pr.p. INTRO- 
VERTING; p.t. and p.p. INTROVERTED.] 1. 
Turn inward. 2. Look inward. [L. intro, 
within, and verto, turn.] 

INTRUDE (in-trod ), v. [pr.p. INTRUDING; p.t. 
and p.p. INTRUDED.] I. vi. Enter un- 
invited or unwelcome II. vt. Force in. [L. 
in, in, and trudo, thrust.] 

SYN. Encroach; trespass; infringe; ob- 
trude; trench. ANT. Withdraw; retire. 

INTRUDER (in-tro'der), n. One who intrudes. 

INTRUSION (in-tro'zhun), n. Act of intruding. 

INTRUSIVE (in-tro'siv), a. 1. Tending or apt 
to intrude. 2. Entering without welcome or 
right. 

INTRUST (in-trust'), vt. [pr.p. INTRUST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INTRUST'ED.] Give in trust. 

INTUITION (in-tu-ish'un), n. 1. Direct cogni- 



tion (without reasoning). 2. Primary truth. 
[L. in, in, and tueor, look.] 

INTUITIONAL (in-tu-ish'un-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to intuition. 

INTUITIVE (in-tu'i-tiv), a. 1. Perceived or 
perceiving by intuition. 2. Seeing clearly. 

INTUITIVELY (in-tu'i-tiv-li), adv. In an in- 
tuitive manner. 

INTUMESCENCE (in-tu-mes'ens), n. Swelling. 

INT WINE (in-twin'), v. Same as ENTWINE. 

INUNDATE (in-un'dat), vt. [pr.p. INUNDA- 
TING; p.*. and».». INUNDATED.] Flow up- 
on or over; flood. [L. in, in, and unda, wave.] 

INUNDATION (in-un-da'shun), n. 1. Act of 
inundating. 2. Deluge; flood. 

INURE (in-ur'), v. [pr.p. INURING; p.t. and 
p.p. INURED (in-urd').] I. vt. Use or prac- 
tice habitually; accustom; harden by use. II. 
vi. Serve to the use or benefit. [IN-, and 
O. Fr. eure — L. opera, work.] 

INURN (in-urn), vt. [pr.p. INURN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. INURNED (in-urnd').] Place in an urn; 
entomb. 

INUTILITY (in-u-til'i-ti), n. Uselessness. 

INVADE (in-vad'), vt. [pr.p. INVA'DING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVADED.] 1. Enter as an enemy. 
2. Encroach upon. [L. in, in, and vado, go.] 

INVADER (in-va'der), n. One who invades. 

INVALID (in'va-lid), I. a. Not well or strong; 
infirm; sick. II. n. 1. Sickly person. 2. 
One disabled for active service, especially a 
soldier or sailor. [Fr. invalide — L. in, not, 
and validus, strong.] 

INVALID (in-val'id), a. 1. Without value, 
weight, or cogency. 2. Void; null. 

INVALID (in'va-lid), v. [pr.p. IN'VALIDING; 
p.t. and p.p. INVALIDED.] I. vt. 1. AfHict 
with illness or disease; make invalid. 2. 
Place on the list of invalids in military or 
naval service entitled to furlough. II. vi. 
Become an invalid. 

INVALIDATE (in-val'i-dat), vt. [pr.p. INVALI- 
DATING; p.t. and p.p. INVALIDATED.] 
Render invalid; weaken. 

INVALIDATION (in-val-i-da'shun), n. Act of 
invalidating or state of being invalidated. 

INVALIDISM (in'va-lid-izm), n. Condition of 
being an invalid; chronic ill-health. 

INVALIDITY (in-va-lid'i-ti), n. Want of co- 
gency; want of force. 

INVALUABLE (in-val'u-a-bl), a. That cannot 
be valued; priceless. 

INVARIABLE (in-va'ri-a-bl), a. Without 

change; unalterable. 

IN VARIABLENESS (in-va'ri-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being invariable. 

INVARIABLY (in-va'ri-a-bli), adv. In an in- 
variable manner. 

INVASION (in-va'zhun), n. 1. Act of invading; 
attack; incursion. 2. Attack on the rights of 
another; encroachment. [See INVADE.] 

INVASIVE (in-va'siv), a. Making invasion; 
aggressive. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



INVECTIVE 



633 



INVOKE 



i. Severe accusa- 
II. a. Railing; 



1. Quick at con- 
to or showing in- 

.. [fern. INVENT'- 



INVECTIVE (in-vek'tiv), I. 
tion: attack with words. 
abusive. [See INVEIGH.] 
INVEIGH (in-va), vt. [pr.p. INVEIGHING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVEIGHED (in-vad').] Attack with 
words; rail against; revile. [L. inveho — in, 
in, and vcJio, carry.] 
INVEIGLE (in-ve'gl), vt. [pr.p. INVEIGLING; 
p.t. and p.p. INVEIGLED (in-ve'gld).] Entice; 
seduce; wheedle. [Fr. aveugler, blind.] 
INVENT (in- vent'), vt. [pr.p. INVENTING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVENTED.] 1. Devise or contrive. 
2. Fabricate or concoct. [L. inventus, p.p. of 
hivcnio, discover — in, on, and venio, come.] 

SYN. Design; conceive; discover; imag- 
ine; originate. ANT. Imitate; copy; re- 
produce; execute. 
INVENTION (in-ven'shun), n. 1. Act of con- 
triving a new thing. 2. Contrivance. 3. 
Power of inventing. 
INVENTIVE (in-vent'iv), a. 
trivance. 2. Pertaining 
vention. 
INVENTOR (in-vent'ur), \ 
RESS.] One who invents. 
INVENTORY (in'ven-to-ri), n. [pi. INVEN- 
TORIES.] Catalogue of furniture, goods, etc. 
[L. inventarium, list of the things found.] 
INVENTORY (in'ven-to-ri), vt. [pr.p. INVEN- 
TORYING; p.t. and p.p. INVENTORIED (in'- 
ven-to-rid).] Make an inventory of. 
INVERSE (in-vers'), a. Inverted; in the reverse 

or contrary order. 
INVERSELY (in-vers'li), adv. In an inverse 

manner. 
INVERSION (in-ver'shun), n. Inverting; change 

of order or position. 
INVERT (in-vert), vt. [pr.p. INVERTING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVERT'ED.] 
Turn in or about; turn 
upside down; reverse. — 
Inverted arch, arch used 

to distribute weight. [L. « 

In, in, and vcrto, turn.] Inverted Arch. 

INVERTEBRATE (in-ver'te-brat), I. a. With- 
out a vertebral column. II. n. Animal des- 
titute of a skull and vertebral column. [See 
VERTEBRATE.] 
INYEKTIBLE (in-vert'i-bl), a. 1. That may be 

inverted. 2. Inflexible. 
INVEST (ln-vestO, Vt. [pr.p. INVEST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVESTED.] l. Dress. 2. Confer; 
endow, as with office or authority. 3. Sur- 
round; block up; lay siege to. 4. Place; lay 
out, as money. [L. h), on, and vestio, clothe.] 
INVESTIGATE Hn-ves'ti-gat), vt. [pr.p. IN- 
VESTIGATING; p.t. and p.p. INVES'TI- 
<; \TEI).] Inquire into with care and accuracy. 
[E. in, in, and vestiao, track.] 
INVESTIGATION (in-ves-ti-gii'shun), n. Act 

of investigating. 
INVESTIGATIVE (in-ves'tl-ga-tlv), a. Given 
to investigation. 




INVESTIGATOR (in-ves'ti-ga-tur), n. One who 

investigates. 
INVESTITURE (in-ves'ti-tur), n. 1. Act of 
clothing with power or granting possession. 
2. That which clothes or empowers. 
INVESTMENT (in-vest'ment), n. !<, Any pla- 
cing of money to secure income or profit. 2. 
That in which anything is invested. 3. Block- 
ade. 4. Covering. 5. Act of clothing, as with 
authority. 
INVETERACY (in-vet'er-a-si), n. Quality or 

state of being inveterate. 

INVETERATE (in-vet'er-at), a. 1. Firmly 

established by long continuance; deep-rooted. 

2. Firmly addicted. [L in, in, and vetus, old.] 

INVIDIOUS (in-vid'i-us), a. Likely to incur or 

provoke ill-will or envy. [L. invidia, envy.] 
INVIGORATE (in-vig'ur-at), vt. [pr.p. INVIG- 
ORATING; p.t. and p.p. INVIGORATED.] 
Give vigor to. 

SYN. Animate; strengthen; refresh; 
brace; nerve. ANT. Weaken; enfeeble; 
unnerve; debilitate; relax. 
INVINCIBILITY (in-vin-si-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 

or state of being invincible. 
INVINCIBLE (in-vin'si-bl), a. That cannot be 

overcome; insuperable. [L.] 
INVINCIBLENESS (in-vin'si-bl-nes), n. In- 
vincibility. 
INVINCIBLY (in-vin'si-bli), adv. In an in- 
vincible manner. 
INVIOLABILITY (in-vi-o-la-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being inviolable. 
INVIOLABLE (in-vi'o-la-bl), a. That cannot be 

profaned or injured; sacred. 
INVIOLABLY (in-vi'o-la-bli), adv. In an in- 
violable manner. 
INVIOLATE (in-vl'o-lat), a. Not violated; un- 

profaned; pure. [L. inviolatus.] 
INVISIBILITY (in-viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 

state of being invisible. 
INVISIBLE (in-viz'i-bl), a. Not visible. 
INVISIBLY (in-viz'i-bli), adv. In an invisible 

manner. 
INVITATION (in-vi-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of in- 
viting. 2. Written or spoken solicitation. 
INVITE (in-vif), vt. [pr.p. INVI'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. INVI'TED.] 1. Ask; summon; request 
the company of. 2. Allure; attract. 3. Give 
occasion for. [L. invito.] 
INVOCATION (in-vo-ka'shun), n. 1. Address- 
ing in prayer. 2. Legal call or summons. 
INVOICE (in'vois), n. 1. Letter of advice of the 
despatch of goods, with particulars of their 
price and quantity. 2. Lot of goods shipped. 
[Fr. envois — envoyer, send.] 
INVOICE (in'vois), vt. [pr.p. INVOICING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVOICED (in'voist).] 1. Make an 
invoice of. 2. Enter in an invoice. 
INVOKE (in-vdk'), vt. [pr.p. INVO'KING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVOKED (in-vokt').] Call upon 
earnestly or solemnly; imploreo [L. in, on 
and voco, call.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ten, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



/ J 



INVOLUCRE 



633 



IRIDESCENT 



INVOLUCRE (in'vo-lo-ker), n. Bot. Group of 
bracts around an expanded flower or umbel. 
[L. involvo, wrap.] 

INVOLUNTARY (in-vol'un-ta-ri), a. 1. Not 
having the power of will or choice. 2. Not 
under control of the will. 3. Done unwil- 
lingly. 

INVOLUTE (in'vo-lot), I. a. Rolled inward; 
Involved; confused. II. n. Curve traced by 
the end of a string unwinding itself from an- 
other curve. 

INVOLUTION (in-vo-loshun), n. 1. Action of 
involving. 2. State of being involved or en- 
tangled. 3. Raising a quantity to a given 
power. 

INVOLVE (ln-volv), vt. [pr.p. INVOLVING; p.t. 
and p.p. INVOLVED (in-volvd').] 1. Wrap up; 
envelop. 2. Include of necessity. 3. Com- 
plicate. 4. Multiply by itself a given number 
of times. [L. in, in, and volvo, roll.] 

SYN. Implicate; imply; entangle; in- 
clude; entwine; cover; absorb; confound; 
mingle. ANT. Separate; extricate; dis- 
connect; explicate. 

INVOLVEMENT (in-volv'ment), n. Act of in- 
volving or state of being involved. 

INVULNERABLE (in-vul'ner-a-bl), a. That 
cannot be wounded. 

INWALL (in-wal'), vt. [pr.p. INWALL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. INWALLED (in-wald').] Inclose 
with a wall. 

INWARD (in'ward), I. a. 1. Internal. 2. Seated 
in the mind or soul. II. adv. 1. Toward the 
inside. 2. Into the mind or thoughts. [A.S. 
inneweard.] 

INWARDLY (in'ward-li), adv. 1. In the parts 
within. 2. Toward the center. 3. In the 
heart; secretly. 

INWEAVE (in-wev'), vt. [pr.p. INWEAVING; 
p.t. INWOVE (in-wov'); p.p. INWOVEN (in- 
wo'vn).] Weave into; entwine; complicate. 

INWROUGHT (in-raf) a. 1. Wrought in or 
among other things. 2. Adorned with figures. 
[See WORK.] 

lO (i'6), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of king of 
Argos; changed by Hera (Juno) into a white 
heifer and placed in care of the Argus; pur- 
sued by a gadfly, she wandered to Egypt and 
recovered her original shape, was worshiped 
as Isis and became the ancestress of the royal 
families of that country. 

IODIDE (i'o-did), n. Combination of iodine 
with a simple substance. 

IODINE (i'o-din), n. Non-metallic element 
much used in medicine, etc. [Gr. iodes, 
violet-colored, from its violet vapor.] 

IODOFORM (i-6 'do-farm), n. Chem. Yellow 
crystalline antiseptic substance, having a 
saffron-like odor and an unpleasant iodine- 
like taste. [IOD(INE) and FORM(YL).] 

ION (Ton), n. One of the components into which 
an electrolyte is broken up in electrolysis. 
[Gr. ion, pr.p. of icnai, go.] 




Ipecac (Cephaelis Ipecacuanha). 



IONIAN (I-6'ni-an) ISLANDS. Chain of is- 
lands along W. coast of Greece. 

IONIC (i-onik), a. 1. Relating to Ionia in 
Greece. 2. Denoting an order in architecture 
distinguished by the (ram's horn) volute of 
its capital. 

IONIUM (i-6'ni-um), n. New radio-active ele- 
ment allied to radium discovered in 1907, 
by Prof. Boltwood, of Yale. [Gr. ion, pr.p. of 
ienai, go.] 

IOTA (i-6'ta), n. 1. Ninth letter of the Greek 
alphabet. 2. Jot; very small quantity or de- 
gree. [Gr.] 

IOWA (i'o-wa), n. One of the United States. 
Area 56,035 sq. m. Capital, DesMoines. 

IPECAC (ip'e-kak),n. 
West Indian plant, 
whose roots 
afford a use- 
ful emetic. 
[Sp. ipecacu- 
anha; Braz. 
ipecaaguen.] 

IPHIGENIA (if- 
i-je-ni'a), n. 
Greek Myth. 
Daughter of 
Agamemnon 
and Clytem- 
nestra; was 
changed into 
a goat when 

her father attempted to sacrifice her to Arte- 
mis. 

IRASCIBILITY (i-ras-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being irascible. 

IRASCIBLE (i-ras'i-bl), a. Susceptible of ire or 
anger; easily provoked; irritable. [L. iras- 
cor, be angry.] 

IRASCIBLENESS (I-rasi-bl-nes), n. Irascibility. 

IRASCIBLY (i-ras'i-bli), adv. In an irascible 
manner. 

IRATE (i-raf), a. Enraged; angry. [L. iratus.] 

IRAWADI, IRRAWADDI (ir-a-wad'i), n. Prin- 
cipal river of Burma, 1,200 m. 

IRE (ir), n. Anger; rage. 

SYN. Passion; choler; wrath; resentment. 
ANT. Forbearance; patience; amiability. 

IREFUL (ir'fol), a. Full of ire; wrathful; en- 
raged ; angry. 

IRELAND (ir'tand), n. Smaller of the two prin- 
cipal British Isles. Area 32,393 sq. m. 

IRIDECTOME (ir-i-dek'tom), n. Surg. Instru- 
ment used to perform the operation of iridec- 
tomy. 

IRIDECTOMY (ir-i-dek'to-mi), n. Surg. Oper- 
ation for removal of iris or a portion of same, 
in order to supply artificial pupil. 

IRIDESCENCE (ir-i-des'ens), n. Quality or 
state of being iridescent. 

IRIDESCENT (ir-i-des'ent), a. Colored like the 
iris or rainbow. [See IRIS.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fail, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



IRIDIUM 



634 



IRREGULAR 




IRIDIUM (I-rid'i-um), n. White, brittle, hard 
metal, very rare. [Gr. iris, iridos, rain- 
bow.] 

IRIS (iris), n. [pi. IRISES.] 1. Rainbow; 
appearance resembling the rainbow. 2. Con- 
tractile curtain perforated by the pupil, and 
forming the colored part of the eye. 3. 
Fleur-de-lis; flag-flower. 
[Gr. iris, rainbow.] 

IRIS (iris), n. Greek Myth. 
An oceanide, messenger of 
the gods and daughter oi 
Electra. 

IRISCOPE (i'ri-skop), n. 
Instrument for exhibit- 
ing the prismatic colors. 
[Gr. iris, rainbow, and 
-SCOPE.] U Ir g 

Irish (I'rish), i. a. Re- 1>23 4jand9 ; 10 ,ii, 12 

lating to Or produced in Anterior ciliary arteries 

Ireland. II. n. 1. Lan- 
guage of the Irish, a form 
of Celtic. 2. [pi.] Natives or inhabitants of 
Ireland. 

IRISH- AMERICAN (i'rish-a-mer'i-kan),n. Na- 
tive of Ireland naturalized in the United 
States. 

IRISHMAN (i'rish-man), n 
Man born in Ireland; man 
of Irish parentage. 

IRK (erk), vt. [pr.p. IRK'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. IRKED 
(erkt).] Weary; trouble. 
[Sw. yrka, urge, press. See 
IRGE.] 

IRKSOME (erk'sum), a. Vex- 
atious; unpleasant; weari- 
some; tedious. 

IRKUTSK (ir-kotsk'), n. Thomas Moorejrish 
Capital of province of Ppet. Born 1779 
same name, Siberia. 

IROFA (e-ro-fa'), n. 



5. Ciliary muscle. 6. Iris. 
7. Ciliary artery. 8. Pupil. 



IRISHMEN.] 




died 1852. 



Native and English name 
used to designate the Japanese A, B, C, or 
alphabet. Sometimes termed the Japanese 
syllabary. 

IRON (i'urn), I. n. [pi. IRONS (I'urnz).] 1. Most 
common and useful of the metals. 2. Instru- 
ment or utensil made of iron. 3. [pi.] Fet- 
ters; chains. II. a. 1. Formed of iron. 2. 
Resembling iron; rude; stern; not to be bro- 
ken; robust. [A. S. iren.] 

IRO\ Turn), vt. [pr.p. IRONING; p.t. and p.p. 
IRONED fi'urnd).] 1. Smooth with an iron 
Instrument, especially a hot flat-iron. 2. Arm 
with iron. 3. Fetter. 

IRO.N'BOCND (i'urn-bownd), a. Bound with 
Iron; rugged, as a coast. 

IRONCLAD (I firn-klad), I. a. 1. Covered or 
proteeted with iron. 2. Rigid. II. n. Ves- 
sel defended by iron plates. 

IRONICAL a-ron'ik-al), a. Meaning the opposite 
of what is expressed; satirical. [See IRONY.] 



IRONICALLY (I-ron'ik-al-i), adv. In an ironical 
manner. 

IRON3IONGER (i'urn-mung-ger), n. Dealer in 
articles made of iron. 

IRONY (i'ro-ni), n. Mode of speech conveying 
the opposite of what is meant; satire. [Gr. 
eironeia, dissimulation.] 

IRRADIANCE (ir-ra'di-ans), IRRADIANCY (ir- 
ra'di-an-si), n. 1. Throwing of rays of light. 
2. That which irradiates or is irradiated. 3. 
Beams of light emitted; splendor. 

IRRADIATE (ir-ra'di-at), v. [pr.p. IRRA'DIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. IRRA'DIATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Dart rays of light upon or into; adorn with 
luster. 2. Animate with light or heat. 3. 
Illuminate; enlighten. II. vi. Emit rays; 
shine. [L. irradiatus, p.p. of irradio, cast 
beams on — in, on, and radio — radius, ray.] 

IRRADIATION (ir-ra-di-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
irradiating. 2. Irradiance. 

IRRATIONAL (ir-rash'un-al), a. 1. Void of 
reason or understanding. 2. Absurd. 3. 
Not expressible by an integral or by a vulgar 
fraction. 

IRRATIONALITY (ir-rash-un-al'i-ti), n. [pi. 
IRRATIONALITIES.] 1. Quality or state of 
being irrational. 2. That which is irrational; 
absurdity. 

IRRECLAIMABLE (ir-re-klam'a-bl), a. That 
cannot be reclaimed or reformed; incorrigible. 

IRRECLAIMABLY (ir-re-klam'a-bli), adv. In 
an irreclaimable manner. 

IRRECONCILABILITY (ir-rek-un-si-la-bil'i-ti), 
n. Irreconcilableness. 

IRRECONCILABLE (ir-rek'un-si-la-bl), o. 1. 
Implacable. 2. Inconsistent. 

IRRECONCILABLENESS (ir-rek'un-sl-la-bl- 
nes), n. Quality or state of being irreconcila- 
ble. 

IRRECONCILABLY (ir-rek'un-si-la-bli), adv. 
In an irreconcilable manner. 

IRRECOVERABLE (ir-re-kuv'er-a-bl), a. Irre- 
trievable. 

IRRECOVERABLY (ir-re-kuv'er-a-bli), adv. In 
an irrecoverable manner. 

IRREDEE3IABLE (ir-re-dem'a-bl), a. 1. Not 
redeemable. 2. Not to be converted into 
cash at pleasure. 

IRREDEE31ABLY (ir-re-dem'a-bli), adv. Be- 
yond redemption or recovery. 

IRREFRAGABLE (ir-ref'ra-ga-bl), a. Undeni- 
able; unanswerable. [L. in, not, and frango, 
break.] 

SYN. Incontrovertible; indubitable; In- 
disputable; irrefutable; unquestionable; un- 
doubted. ANT. Dubious; doubtful; ques- 
tionable; problematical. 

IRREFUTABLE (ir-re-fu'ta-bl or ir-ref'u-ta-bl), 
a. Indisputable. 

IRREFUTABLY (ir-re-fu'ta-bll), adv. In an 
irrefutable manner. 

IRREGULAR (ir-reg'u-lar), I. a. Not according 
to rule; not strictly legal; not uniform; not 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, nait; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, born, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



IRREGULARITY 



635 



IRRUPTION 



I 



straight; not direct. II. n. Soldier not in 
regular service. 

SYN. Uneven; unsystematic; unusual; 
variable; crooked; anomalous; devious; 
eccentric; erratic; abnormal; disorderly; 
dissolute. ANT. Regular; steady; systematic; 
uniform; orderly; natural; usual; con- 
stant; normal; typical; proper. 

IRREGULARITY (ir-reg-u-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. IR- 
REGULARITIES.] Deviation from a straight 
line, or from rule; departure from method, 
order, or law; disorder; impropriety. 

IRRELATIVE (ir-rel'a-tiv), a. Not relative; 
unconnected. 

IRRELEVANCY (ir-rel'e-van-si), n. [pi. IR- 
REI/EVANCIES.] 1. Quality or state of being 
irrelevant. 3. That which is irrelevant. 

IRRELEVANT (ir-rel'e-vant), a. Not bearing 
directly on the matter in hand; extraneous. 

IRRELIGION (ir-re-lij'un), n. Want of re- 
ligion; contempt of religion. 

IRRELIGIOUS (ir-re-lij'us), a. Destitute of 
religion ; ungodly. 

IRRELIGIOUSLY (ir-re-lij'us-li), adv. In an 
irreligious manner. 

IRREMEDIABLE (ir-re-me'di-a-bl), a. Not to 
be remedied; incurable. 

IRREMOVABLE (ir-re-mov'a-bl), a. Incapable 
of being removed; firmly fixed. 

IRREPARABLE (ir-rep'a-ra-bl), a. That cannot 
be recovered; irretrievable. 

SYN. Irremediable; irrecoverable; reme- 
diless. ANT. Remediable; retrievable. 

IRREPEALABLE (ir-re-peTa-bl), a. 1. That 
cannot be repealed or annulled. 

IRREPREHENSIBLE (ir-rep-re-hen'si-bl), a. 
That cannot be blamed. 

IRREPRESSIBLE (ir-re-pres'i-bl), a. Not to be 
restrained; uncontrollable. 

IRREPROACHABLE (ir-re-proch'a-bl), a. Free 
from blame; innocent. 

IRRESISTIBILITY (ir-re-zist-i-bili-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being irresistible. 

IRRESISTIBLE (ir-re-zisti-bl), a. Not to be 
opposed successfully; overpowering. 

IRRESISTIBLENESS (ir-re-zist'i-bl-nes), n. Ir- 
resistibility. 

IRRESISTIBLY (ir-re-zist'i-bli), adv. In an ir- 
resistible manner. 

IRRESOLUTE (ir-rez'o-lot), a. Not firm in pur- 
pose; undecided. 

IRRESOLUTELY (ir-rez'o-lot-li), adv. In an 
irresolute manner. 

IRRESOLUTENESS (ir-rez'o-lot-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being irresolute. 

IRRESOLUTION (ir-rez-o-16'shun), n. Want 
of resolution or decision. 

IRRESPECTIVE (ir-re-spek'tiv), a. Not having 
regard (to). 

IRRESPONSIBLE (ir-re-spon'si-bl), a. 1. Not 
responsible. 2. Not reliable. 

IRRETRIEVABLE (ir-re-trev'a-bl), a. Not to be 
recovered or repaired. 



IRRETRIEVABLY (ir-re-trev'a-bli), adv. In 
an irretrievable manner; irreparably; irrev- 
ocably. 

IRREVERENCE (ir-rev'er-ens), n. Quality or 
state of being irreverent. 

IRREVERENT (h-rev'er-ent), a. Not reverent. 

IRREVERENTLY (ir-rev'er-ent-li), adv. In an 
irreverent manner. 

IRREVERSIBLE (ir-re-vers'i-bl), a. 1. Not 
reversible. 2. That cannot be recalled or 
annulled. 

IRREVERSIBLENESS (ir-re-vers'i-bl-nes), «. 
Quality or state of being irreversible. 

IRREVERSIBLY (ir-re-ver'si-bli), adv In an 
irreversible manner. 

IRREVOCABILITY (ir-rev-o-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Ir- 
revocableness. 

IRREVOCABLE (ir-rev'o-ka-bl), a. That cannot 
be recalled; unalterable. 

IRREVOCABLENESS (ir-rev'o-ka-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being irrevocable. 

IRREVOCABLY (ir-rev'o-ka-bli), adv. In an 
irrevocable manner. 

IRRIGABLE (ir'i-ga-bl), a. Capable of being 
irrigated. 

IRRIGATE (ir'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. IRRIGATING; 
p.t. and p.p. IR'RIGATED.] 1. Wet or moisten. 
2. Cause water to flow upon. [L. in, in, and 
rigo, water. Akin to Ger. regen; E. RAIN.] 

IRRIGATION (ir-i-ga'shun), n. Process of 
inundating 
land ai 
stated pe- 
riods to in- 
crease its 
fertility. 

IRRITABIL- 
ITY (ir-i- 
ta-bil'i-ti), 
n. Quality 
or state of 
being irri- 
table. 

IRRITABLE (ir'i-ta-bl), a. 1. That may be 
irritated; easily provoked. 2. Med. Sus- 
ceptible of excitement or irritation by stimu- 
lants. [See IRRITATE.] 

IRRITANT (ir'i-tantX, I. a. Irritating. II. n. 
That which causes irritation. 

IRRITATE (ir'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. IRRITATING; 
p.t. and p.p. IR'RITATED.] 1. Make angry; 
provoke. 2. Excite heat and redness in. 3. 
Increase the activity of. 4. Make over- 
sensitive or nervous. [L. irrito, -atum, prob. 
freq. of irrio, snarl as a dog.] 

IRRITATION (ir-i-ta'shun), n. Act of irritating 
or state of being irritated. 

IRRITATIVE (ir'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Serving or 
tending to irritate. 2. Accompanied with 
or produced by irritation. 

IRRUPTION (ir-rup'shun), n. 1. Breaking or 
bursting m. 2. Sudden invasion. [L. in, in, 
and rumpo, break.] 




Irrigation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



IRRUPTIVE 



G36 



ITALICIZE 



Rushing suddenly 



IRRUPTIVE (ir-rup'tiv), a. 

in or upon. 
IS (Is), r. Third person similar present indicative 

Of BE. [A. S.] 

[SAGON (i'sa-gon), n. Figure having equal 
angles. [Gr. isos, equal, and gonia, angle.] 

IsAR (e'zar), ISER (e'zer), n. River, Bavaria. 

ISCBIALGIA (is-ki-al'ji-a), n. Sciatica; pain in 
the hip. 

ISCHIUM (is'ki-um), n. Lowest of the three 
parts of the innominatum or haunch-hone. 

, [Gr.] 

ISHTAR (ish'tar), lSTAR (is'tar), n. Assyro- 
Babylonian goddess of war and love; ruler 
of the morning and evening star. 

ISINGLASS (i'zing-glas), n. 1. Purest kind of 
gelatin chiefly prepared from the air-blad- 
ders of the sturgeon; fish-glue. 2. 3Iica. 
[Dut. huizebblas — huzen, sturgeon, and bias, 
bladder.] 

IsiS (i'sis), n. Egyptian goddess, mother of 
Horus, reigning with Osiris; she had the power 
of granting possessions in the nether world. 

ISLAM (iz'lam), IsLAMISM (iz'lam-izm), n. 
Mohammedan religion. [Ar. islam — salama, 
submit to God.] 

ISLAND (i'land), n. 1. Land surrounded with 
water. 2. Isolated mass. [A. S. igland, Hand.] 

ISLANDER (i'iand-er), n. Inhabitant of an is- 
land. 

ISLE (II), n. Island; islet. [O. Fr. — L. insula 
— In, in, and solum, the high sea.] 

ISLET (I'let), n. Little isle. 

iSM (izm), n. 1. Theory; system. 2. Faddish 
doctrine. 

-ISM, suffix. Denotes condition, act, doctrine, 
or idiom; as, hypnotism; vandalism; spirit- 
ualism; Americanism. [Gr. -ismos, condition, 
act.] 

ISOBAR (i'so-bar), n. Line along which the 
barometric pressure is the same. [Gr. isos, 
equal, and baros, weight.] 

ISO( HRONAL (i-sok'ro-nal), ISOCHRONOUS 
(i-sok'ro-nus), a. Of equal time; performed 
In equal times. [Gr. isos, equal and chronos, 
time.] 

ISOLATE (is'o-lat or i'so-lat), vt. [pr.p. IS'- 
OLATING; p.t. and p.p. ISOLATED.] 1. Place 
In a detached situation. 2. Chem. Obtain in 
a free or uncombined state. 3. Elec. Insulate. 
[It. isolarc — isola — L. insula, island.] 

ISOLATION (is-o-la'shun), n. Act of isolating 
or state of being isolated. 

ISOMERIC (i-so-mer'ik), o. Pertaining to 
Isomerism. 

ISOMERISM (i-som'er-izm), n. Chem. Re- 
lation between chemical compounds which 
are identical in their ultimate or percentage 
composition, hut present difficulties in their 
chemical properties. [Gr. isos, equal, and 
meroa, part.) 
ISOMEROUS a-som'er-us), a. Bot. Having all 



the parts equal in number; as, having five 
sepals, five petals, five stamens, etc. 

ISOMETRIC (i-so-met'rik), a. Of equal meas- 
ure. [Gr. isos, equal, and METRIC] 

ISOPOD (i'so-pod), a. With feet all alike. [Gr. 
isos, equal and pons, podos, foots] 

ISOSCELES (i-sos'e-lez), a. Having two equal 
sides, as a triangle. [Gr. isos, equal, and 
skelos, leg.] 

ISOTHERM (I'so-therm), n. Line along which 
the mean temperature is the same. [Gr. isos, 
equal, and therme, heat.] 

ISOTHERMAL (i-so-ther'mal), a. Having or 
marking an equal degree of mean annua' 
temperature. 

ISRAELITE (iz'ra-el-It), n. Descendant of 
Israel or Jacob; Jew. 

ISRAELITIC (iz-ra-el-it'ik), IsRAELITISH (iz- 
ra-el-I'trsh), a. Pertaining to the Israelites or 
Jews; Jewish; Hebrew. 

ISSUE (ish'u), v. [pr.p. IS'SUING; p.t. and p.p. 
ISSUED (ish'ud).] I. vi. 1. Go, flow, or 
come out. 2. Proceed as from a source; 
spring; be produced. 3. Come to a point in 
fact or law; terminate. II. vt. Send out; put 
into circulation; give out for use; deliver. 
[O. Fr. issue, issir, go or flow out — L. exeo 
— ex, out, and eo, go.] 

ISSUE (ish'u), n. 1. Going or sending out. 
2. That which passes out, as progeny, prod- 
uce, publication, etc. ; result. 3. Question 
for decision. 4. Ulcer produced artificially. 

SYN. Consequence; upshot; conclusion; 
termination: outcome; offspring; progeny; 
posterity. ANT. Cause; operation. 

ISTHMIAN (ist'mi-an or is'mi-an), a. Of or per- 
taining to an isthmus. — Isthmian games, 
famous games consisting of chariot races, 
boxing, etc., held by the Greeks on the Isthmus 
of Corinth every alternate spring, the first 
and third of each Ol5 r mpiad. — Isthmian canal, 
ship canal in course of construction by the 
U. S. government across the Isthmus of 
Panama; also called Panama canal. 

ISTH3IUS (ist'mus or is'- 
mus), n. Neck of land 
connecting two larger por- 
tions of land. [L. — Gr. 
isthmos, narrow passage, 
isthmus, especially the 
Isthmus of Corinth.] 

IT (it), pron. [pi. THEY.] 
Thing spoken of or re- 
ferred to. [A. S. hit.] 

Italian o-tai'yan), i. a. 

Of or relating to Italy or „ . t . „ , 

wt -. t».t 4.- Christopher Colum- 
lts people. II. n. 1. Native bus Ita ii a n discov- 

of Italy. 2. Language of erer of America. 
Italy# Born 1446, died 1506. 

ITALICIZE (i-tal'i-siz), vt. [pr.p. ITALICI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. ITALICIZED (i-tal'i-sizd).] 
1. Print in italics. 2. Underscore with a single 
line. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ITALICS 



637 



IZZARD 




Itch-mite of fowls (Scar- 
coptes mutans). 

Of 



ITALICS (i-tal'iks), n.pl. Kind of type which 

slopes to the right, so called because first 

used by an Italian printer, Aldo Manuzio, 

about 1500. 

ITALY (it'a-li), n. Peninsular kingdom, S. 

Europe, on Mediterranean. 
ITCH (ich), vi. [pr.p. ITCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ITCHED (ichd).] 1. Have an uneasy, 
irritating sensation in the skin. 2. Have a 
constant teasing desire. [A. S. giccan, itch.] 
ITCH (ich), n. 1. Uneasy, irritating sensation 
In the skin. 2. Eruptive disease in the skin, 
caused by a parasite. 3. Teasing desire. 
ITCHINESS (ich'i-nes), n. State of being itchy. 
ITCHING (ich'ing), I. n. Feeling caused by 
pricking or tickling the skin. II. a. 1. Irri- 
tating; itchy. 2. Teasing. 3. Grasping; 
greedy. — Itching palm, grasping disposition; 
greed of gain. 
ITCH-MITE (ich'mit), w. 
Minute parasite which 
burrows in the skin 
and causes the disease 
called the itch. 
ITCHY (ich'i), a. 1. 
Having a sensation 
of Itching. 2. Having 
the disease called itch. 
-ITE, suffix. 1. Of the nature of; like. 

or belonging to. [Gr. ites.] 
ITEM (I 'tern), n. 1. Separate article or par- 
ticular. 2. Newspaper paragraph. [L.] 
ITEMIZE (i'tem-iz), vt. [pr.p. I'TEMIZING; 
p.t. and p.p, ITEMIZED (i'tem-izd).] State 
in items; as, to itemize an account. 
ITERATE (it'er-at), vt. [pr.p. IT'ERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. IT'ERATED.] Do again; re- 
peat; in modern usage replaced by the verb 
REITERATE. [L. id, that.] 
ITERATION (it-er-a'shun), n. Repetition. 
ITINERACY (i-tin'er-a-si), ITINERANCY (I- 
tin'er-an-si), n. Act or practice of itinerating. 
ITINERANT (i-tin'er-ant), I. a. Making jour- 
neys; traveling from place to place; way- 
faring. II. n. One who travels from place 
to place; circuit-rider. [L. itinerans, pr.p. 
of itinero, travel — iter, Journey.] 
ITINERARY (i-tin'er-a-ri), a. Itinerant. 
ITINERARY (i-tin'er-a-ri), n. [pi. ITINERA- 
RIES.] 1. Detailed plan for a journey. 2. 
Book of travels. 
ITINERATE (i-tin'er-at), vi. [pr.p. ITIN'- 
ERATING; p.t. and p.p. ITINERATED.] 
Pass or go from place to place; travel on a 
circuit, as for preaching or holding court. 
-ITIS, suffix. Denotes inflammation, as ap- 
pendicitis, bronchitis, etc. [L. -itis — Gr. -itis, 
-like.] 
ITS (its), pron. Possessive of IT. 
ITSELF (it-self), pron. Neuter reflexive pro- 
noun, applied to things. 
ITYS (I'tis), n. Greek Myth. Son of Tereus and 
Procne. In order to avenge herself for the 




Ivory-nut (Coelococcus 
amicarum). 



wrongs done her by Tereus, Philomela, sister 
of Procne, caused Itys to be killed, cooked and 
served on the table of his father. 

IVIED (i'vid), a. Mantled with ivy. 

IVORIED (I'vo-rid), a. Colored and finished to 
resemble ivory. 

IVORY (I'vo-ri), n. [pi. IVORIES.] 1. Hard 
white substance composing the tusks of the 
elephant, walrus, etc. 2. Tooth. II. o. 
Made of or resembling ivory. [O. Fr. ivurie — 
L. ebur.] 

IVORY-BLACK 
(i'vo-ri-blak), 
n. Black pow- 
der, originally 
made fro mj 
burnt ivory,] 
but now from' 
bone. 

IVORY - NUT 
(i'vo-ri-nut), 
n. Bot. Fruit 
of a palm-tree 
of the family 
Phoenicacece. 
This fruit or 
nut is of the consistency and hardness of 
ivory and has a reddish-brown scaly shell 
that is very glossy. 

IVY (i'vi), n. Creeping evergreen plant of the 
genus Hedera, which climbs walls or trees, or 
creeps along the ground. It is commonly 
but erroneously regarded as a 
parasite, on account of its at- 
taching itself to the bark of 
a tree by numberless tiny 
holdfasts, but it has roots in 
the earth below, and from the 
earth it derives its nourish- 
ment. The evergreen char- 
acter of the ivy led to its being 
used by the ancients as a sym- 
bol of eternal life, and a wreath of it consti- 
tuted the prize in the Isthmian games. [A. S. 

lXION (iks-i'on), n. King of Lapithae who was 
condemned to the lower world, lashed to an 
ever-revolving wheel, by Zeus, as a punish- 
ment. 

IXOLITE (iks'o-lit), n. Mineral resin found in 
coal. [Gr. ixos, birdlime, and lithos, stone.] 

IXTLE (iks'tl), n. Fibrous plant growing in trop- 
ical America and used for the same purposes 
as flax and hemp. [Mex. istle.] 

IyAR (e'ar or e-yar'), n. Among the Jews, the 
second month of the sacred year and eighth 
of the civil year, beginning with the new 
moon of April. [Heb.] 

-IZE, suffix. Used for forming, from nouns or 
adjectives, verbs meaning to make, make 
like, do, or practice the thing denoted by the 
noun or adjective. [Gr. -izo.] 

IZZARD (iz'ard), n. Old name for the letter Z. 




Ivy Leaf. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



638 



JACK-POTTER 




ft 



(ja), n. [pi. J'S (jaz).] Tenth 
letter and seventh consonant 
in the English alphabet. Its 
sound is the same as that 
usually denoted by g before 
e or i, called soft g, as in gem, 
edge, gin; heard in joy, judge. 
Originally it was simply a va- 
riant of I. 
JAB (jab), vt. [pr.p. JABBING; p.t. and p.p. 

JABBED (jabd).] Prod; punch. 
JABBER (jab'er), v. [pr.p. JABBERING; p.t. 
and p.p. JABBERED (jab'erd).] I. vt. Utter 
indistinctly or rapidly. II. vi. Gabble; chat- 
ter. [From the root of GABBLE.] 
JABBER (Jab'er), n. Rapid or indistinct talk. 
JABBERER (jab'er-er), n. One who jabbers. 
JABIRU (jab'i-ro), n. Large stork-like bird, 
of which there are several species, found in 
South America, Africa, India and Australia. 
[Braz.] 
JABOT (zha-bo'), n. Ruffled pleat of lace or other 
fine material worn on 
the bosom of a man's 
shirt or a woman's 
bodice. [Fr.] 
J AC A MAR (jak'a-mar), 
n. Long -billed bird 
of the Gabulidce fam- 
ily, resembling the 
king-fisher and found 
in tropical America. 
JACINTH (ja'sinth), 
n. Bot. Flower 
of the same order 
as the hyacinth. 
JlCK(jak), JACKY 
(jak'i), n. [pi. 
JACK'IES.] Sailor; 

tar. — J ack-of -all-trades, one who can turn 
his hand to any business. 
JACK (jak), n. 1. Device or part of machine 
serving to supply 
place of an assistant. 
2. Mechanical device 
for raising great 
weights through a 
small space; lifting 
jack-screw. 3. Con- 
trivance for turning 
a spit. 4. Male of 
certain animals. 5. 
Sawbuck or saw- 
horse. (>. Young pike. 
7. Any one of the 
knaves in a pack Lifting Jacks. 

of cards. 8. Small 

flat: showing the field of the national ensign 
Without the fly. 9. Flee. Form of spring 
contact provided with a hole for the inser- 
tion of a plug; called also spring-jack. 10. 
Fire Dept. Hose-Jack, device for holding 
nozzle of a fire-hose while discharging stream 




Green Jacamar (Galbula 
viridis). 





Jackal (Canis aureus). 
n.pl. Large boots 



of water under heavy pressure. [O. Fr. 

Jacques — L.L. Jacobus, Jacob.] 
JACK (jak), vt. [pr.p. JACKING; p.t. and 

p.p. JACKED (jakt).] Raise with a jack, 

as to jack a building. 
JACK-A-DANDY (jak-a-dan'di), n. [pi. JACK- 

A-DAN'DIES.] Little foppish fellow; dude. 
JACKAL (jak'al), w. Wild gregarious animal 

of the genus Cants. 

[Pers. shaghdl.] 
JACKANAPES (jak'a- 

naps), n. Impudent 

fellow; coxcomb. 
JACKASS (jak'as), n. 

1. Male of the ass. 

2. Blockhead. 
JACK-BOOTS (jak'bots), 

reaching above the knee. 

JACK-CHAIN (jak'chan), n. Chain with spikes 
in endless coil used for hauling logs in lumber 
camps. ft m 

JACKDAW (jak'- iL^S. 

da), n. Species 
of small crow. 

JACKET (jak'et), 
n. 1. Short coat. 
2. Covering, 
especially of 
non - conducting 
material. 3. 
Memoranda en- 
velope. 4. Skin 
of a cooked po- 
tato. [O. Fr. ja- 
quette, jacket, or 
sleeveless coat.] 

JACKET (jak'et), vt. [pr.p. JACK'ETING; 
p.t. and p.p. JACK'ETED.] Cover with, or 
envelop in, a jacket; put a jacket on. 

JACK-FRAME (jak'fram), n. Wood or metal 
framework surrounding a jack, winch or 
other machine to keep it in place. 

JACK-IN-A-BOX (jak'in-a-boks), JACK-IN- 
THE-BOX (jak'in-tfte-boks), n. 1. Toy 
figure resting on a spring and inclosed in a 
box; when the lid is released the toy jumps 
out to the full extent of the spring. 2. Mach. 
Attachment to a lathe or other machine to 
hold the tool used for cutting. 

JACK-KNIFE (jak'nif), n. [pi. JACK'KNIVES.] 
Pocket-knife larger than a penknife. 

JACK-O'-LANTERN (jak'o-lan-tern), n. 1. 
Ignis fatuus or will-o'-the-wisp. 2. Lantern 
made from a pumpkin into which a face is cut. 

JACK-PLANE (jak'plan), n. Carpenter's plane 
for rough work. 

JACK-POT (jak'pot), n. In draw poker, a 
pool, in which the ante is repeated, and new 
deals made, until one "player has a pair of 
Jacks or better. 

JACK-POTTER (jak'pot-er), n. Participator 
in a political bribery or corruption fund. 
(Colloq.) 




Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



JACK-RABBIT 



639 



JANGLE 



(jak'rab-it), 



The northern 




JACK-RABBIT 

prairie hare 
(Lepus cam- 
pestris), of 
the prairies 
of the west, 
as far south 
as Colorado 
and north into 
British Amer- 
ica. It is one 
of the largest 
of hares and is 
representative 
of the jack- 
rabbit group. Jack-rabbit (Lepus campeslns) . 

Other species of hares to which the name 
is applied are Lepus callotis of Texas, New 
Mexico and Arizona, and Lepus Calif ornicus 
of California. [Named from its large size and 
long ears.] 

JACK-RAFTER (jak'raft-er), n. Carp. One 
of the short rafters used in a hip roof. 

JACK-SCREW (jak'skro), n. Lifting imple- 
ment which acts by the rotation of a screw 
in a threaded socket. 

JACK-SNIPE (jak'snip), n. Common American 
snipe. 

JACKSON (jak'sun), n. Capital of State of 
Mississippi. 

JACKSTONE (jak'ston), w. One of a set of 
small stones or pieces of metal used for play- 
ing a child's game of tossing up and catching 
one or more at a time. 

JACKSTRAW (jak'stra), n. 1. Effigy of a man, 
made of straw. 2. Straw or strip of wood or 
bone, used in a game. 

JACK-TAR (jak'tar), n. Sailor; tar. 

JACKT (jak'i), n. [pi. JACK'IES.] Sailor; 
Jack; Jack-tar; tar. 

JACOBIN (jak'o-bin), n. I. Originally a monk 
of the Order of St. Dominic. 2. One of a 
revolutionary faction which took a prominent 
lead during the French revolution, and so 
called from their place of meeting being the 
monastery of the Jacobin monks. 3. [j-] 
Hooded pigeon. [Fr. — L.L. Jacobus, Jacob.] 

JACONET (jak'o-net), n. 1. Soft Indian muslin. 
2. Cloth made of cotton having glazed finish 
on one side. [Hind.] 

JACQUEMINOT (zhak'me-no), n. Bot. Variety 
of deep red rose, named after the French 
general J. F. Jacqueminot. [Fr.] 

JACTATION (jak-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of hurl- 
ing or throwing. 2. Bragging; boast- 
ing; vaunting. 3. Jactitation. [L. yacio, 
throw.] 

JACTITATION (jak-ti-ta'shun), n. i. Restless 
tossing about as if in agony or pain. 2. 
Turbulence; agitation. 3. Braggadocio; 
empty boasting; pretentious claim. [L. 
jactatio, tossing about.] 

JADE (jad), n. Broken-down horse; worthless 




Jaguar (Felis onca). 
gaiole — L. caveola, 



nag. 2. Vicious woman. 3. Young wo- 
man. [Ice. jalda, mare.] 
JADE (jad), v. [pr.p. JA'DING; p.t. and p.p. 

JA'DED.] I. vt. Tire out; fatigue; weary. 

II. vi. Become weary; lose spirit. 
JADE (jad), n. Stone of a dark-green color, 

used for ornamental carving. 
JAFFA (jaf'a), JOPPA (jop'a), n. Town on 

seacoast of Syria. 
JAG (jag), n. Ragged protuberance; notch; 

cleft; denticulation. [Gael, gag, cleft.] 
JAG (jag), vt. [pr.p. JAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

JAGGED.] 1. Cut into notches. 2. Prick, 

as with a pin or thorn. 
JAG (jag), n. 1. Small load, as of grain, hay, 

or straw. 2. Enough liquor to slightly inr 

toxicate. (Colloq.) [Etym. doubtful.] 
JAGGED (jag'ed), a. Rough-edged; notched. 
JAGUAR (ja-gwar'), n. 

Most formidable Ameri- 
can beast of prey, allied 

to the leopard. [Braz. 

jaguara.] 
JAIL (jal), n. County or 

municipal prison. [O. Fr. 

cage.] 
JAILBIRD (jaTberd), n. Person who has been 

confined in jail. 
JAIL DELIVERY (jal de-liv'er-i). See DE- 
LIVERY. 
JAILER (jal'er), w. Keeper of a jail. 
JALAP (jal'ap), n. Purgative root of a plant first 

brought from Jalapa, in 3Iexico. 
JAM (jam), n. Conserve of fruit boiled with 

sugar. [Etym. doubtful.] 
JAM (jam), vt. [pr.p. JAM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 

JAMMED (jamd).] Press or squeeze tight. 

[From root of CHAMP.] 
JAM (jam), n. Number of people or objects 

jammed or crowded together. 
JAMAICA (ja-ma'ka), n. Island, British W. 

Indies. Area 4,193 sq.m. 

Jamaican (ja-ma'kan), i. 

a. Of or pertaining to 
Jamaica, the largest Brit- 
ish West Indian island. 
II. n. Native or inhabi- 
tant of Jamaica. 

JAMB (jam), n. Sidepiece or 
post of a door, fireplace, 
etc. [O. Fr. jambe, leg — 
Celt, cam, bent.] 

JAMBOREE (jam-bo-re'), n 
Noisy spree or carousal. 

JAMRACH (jam'rak), «. Depository for wild 
animals to be sold to menageries. 

JANGLE (jang'gl), v. [pr.p. JANGLING; p.t. and 
p.p. JANGLED (jang'gld).] I. vi. Sound dis- 
cordantly, as in wrangling; wrangle; quarrel. 
II. vt. Cause to sound harshly. [From the 
sound.] 

JANGLE (jang'gl), n. Discordant sound; con- 
tention; wrangle. 




Jamaican 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



JANITOR 



640 



JAWED 




> 



JANITOR (jan'i-tur), n. [fern. JAN'ITRESS or 
.IVN'ITRIX.] One who has the care of a 
build ins;. 

JANIZARY (Jan'i-za-ri), JANISSARY (jan'i-sa- 
ri), n. Soldier of the old Turkish foot-guards. 
[Fr. janissairc — Turk, yeni, new, and askari, 
soldier.] 

JANUARY (janu-a-ri), n. First month of the 
year dedicated by the Romans to the god Janus. 

JANUS (ja'nus), n. Bom. Myth. God of high- 
ways, gates and locks; usually represented 
with two faces; a brazen temple was erected to 
him in Rome, always open in time of war, 
closed during peace. 

JAPAN (ja-pan'), n. Insular empire, E. Asia. 
Area 147,661 sq. m. 

JAPAN (ja-pan'), vt. [pr.p. JAPANNING; p.t. 
and p.p. JAPANNED (ja-pand').] Varnish 
after the manner of the Japanese. 

JAPAN (ja-pan'), n. 1. Work japanned. 2. 
Varnish or lacquer used in japanning. 

Japanese (jap-a-nezO, I. a. 

Of or pertaining to Japan or 
its inhabitants. II. n. 1. 
Native of Japan. 2. Lan- 
guage of Japan. 

JAR (jar), v. [pr.p. JARRING; 
p.t. and p.p. JARRED(jard).] 
I. vi. 1. Make a harsh dis- 
cordant sound. 2. Shake or 
tremble. 3. Act in opposi- 
tion; clash. II. vt. Shake; 
agitate. [Imitative.] 

JAR (jar), n. 1. Discord; harsh 
rattling sound. 2. Clash of 
interests or opinions. 3. 
Sudden or impulsive vibra . 
tion ; as, jar of an earthquake or distant ex- 
plosion. 

JAR (Jar), n. Earthen or glass bottle with a 
wide mouth, but without handle or spout. 
[Pers. jarrah, water-pot.] 

JARDINIERE (zhar-de-nyar), n. Ornamental 
stand or vase for flowers in a room. [Fr.] 

JARGON (jar gun), ». l. Confused and unin- 
telligible talk. 2. Slang. [Fr.] 

SY\. Gibberish; jangle; cant; lingo. 
ant. Speech; dis- 
course; eloquence. 

.1 UtL jail;, n. Chief 
nobleman; count. 
(Derivation of the 
\. s. eorl and the 
English word car/.) 
[Ice. jarl n chief.] 

JASMINE (Jas'- 
raln), JESSA- 
MINE (jes'a- 
niin , ;i. Plant 
of the Ken us Jns- 
mi tni mi, many spe- 
< ties of which have very fragrant flowers. [A: 
pesmin.] 



Japanese Prince 
Hirobumi Ito, 
Prime Minister 
and statesman. 
Born 1837— died 
1909. 




Jasmine (Jasminum 
grundiflorum) . 




Jaunting-car. 



JaSON (ja'sun), w. Greek Myth. Son of yEson; 

leader of expedition against Colchis; he 

brought away the golden fleece with Medea, 

whom he married. 
JASPER (jas'per), n. Semi-precious stone of 

various colors. [Gr. iaspis.] 
JAUNDICE (jan'dis), n. Disease characterized 

by a yellowness of the eyes, skin, etc., caused 

by bile. [Fr. jaunisse — jaune, yellow.] 
JAUNDICED (jan'dist), o. 1. Affected with 

jaundice. 2. Prejudiced; envious. 
JAUNT (jant), vi. [pr.p. JAUN TING; p.t. and 

p.p. JATJN'TED.] Go from place to place. 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
JAUNTILY (jan'ti-li), adv. In a jaunty, gay, 

or airy manner. 
JAUNTINESS (jan'ti-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being jaunty. 
JAUNTING-CAR (jan'ting-kar), n. Two- 
wheeled light vehicle drawn 

by a horse, and 

having its seats 

arranged on 

each side so 

that the pas- 
sengers sit 

back to back 

with a space 

between the 

seats for bag - 

gage and par. 

eels. Principally used in Ireland. 
JAUNTY (jan'ti), a. Showy; airy; dashing. 

[Fr. gentil, genteel.] 
JAVA (ja'va).w. Island of the Dutch E.Indies. 

Area 49,000 sq. m. 

Javanese (jav-a-nes'),i.a. 

Of or pertaining to the is- 
land of Java. II. n. Native 
or inhabitant of Java. 

JAVELIN (jav'lin), n. Light 
spear six feet long. [Celtic 
origin.] 

JAW (ja), n. 1. Mandible; 
maxillary; bone of the 
mouth in which the teeth 
are set. 2. Anything like 
a jaw. [Akin to CHEW.] 

JAWBONE (ja'bon), n. Bone of the jaw, espe- 
cially of the lower jaw, in which the teeth 
are set. 

JAW-CLUTCH (ja/kluch), w. Mach. Circular 
device consisting of two mated metal collars, 
one placed on each end of two shafts where 
they meet. Both collars have interlocking 
jaws or cogs; one collar being fixed immov- 
ably on one shaft, while the other collar is 
made to slide along a strong key and groove 
until it overlaps the shaft it is on when it 
clutches and joins the other shaft in simul- 
taneous movement. 

JAWED (jad), a. 1, Having jaws. 2. Deno- 




Javanese. 



ting the appearance of the jaws. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



JAWSM1TH 



641 



JERSEY 



JAWSMITH (ja'smith), n. Person who works 
his jaw too much ; blatant demagogue. (Colloq.) 
JAY (ja), n. 1. Bird of 
the crow family with 
gay plumage. 2. Stupid 
chattering fellow ; green- 
horn. [O. Fr. jay; from 
root of GAY.] 
JAYHAWKER(ja'hak-er), 
». Member of band of 
guerrillas. (Colloq.) 

1. 

in- 

2. 

3. 




American Blue Jay 
(Cyanocitta cristata). 

In a jealous man- 

JEAI/OUSIES.] 1. 

Suspicious caution 



JEALOUS (jel'us), a. 

Suspicious of, or 

censed at, rivalry. 

Anxiously watchful. 

Exacting. [Fr. jaloux — 

Gr. zelos, zeal, emula- 
tion.] 
JEALOUSLY (jel'us-li), adv. 

ner. 
JEALOUSY (jel'us-i), n. [pi. 

State of being jealous. 2. 

or anxiety. 
JEAN (jan), JEANS (janz), n. Twilled cloth. 
JEER (jer), v. [pr.p. JEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

JEERED (jerd).] I. vt. Make sport of. II. vi. 

Sneer; deride. [Dut. den gek scheeren, shear 

the fool.] 

SYN. Flout; gibe; mock; rail; scoff; 

taunt. ANT. Flatter; fawn; praise. 

Jefferson City (jefer-sun sifi). Capital 

of State of Missouri, on Missouri River. 

JEHOVAH (je-ho'va), n. Bib. Name for the 
Supreme Being regarded specially as the God 
of the Jewish people. [Heb. Yahowdh.] 

JEHU (je'hti), n. Coachman; driver. [A refer- 
ence to 2 Kings, ix. 20.] 

JEJUNE (je-jon'), a. Empty; void of interest; 
barren. [L. jejunus, fasting.] 

JEJUNELY (je-jon'li), adv. In a jejune manner. 

JEJUNENESS (je-j6n'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being jejune. 

JELLIED (jel'id), a. In the state of jelly. 

JELLY (jel'i), vi. [pr.p. JEL'LYING; p.t. and 
p.p. JELLIED (jel'id).] Be converted or turn 
into jelly. 

JELLY (jel'i), n. [pi. JEL'LIES.] 1. Anything 
gelatinous. 2. Juice of fruit boiled with sugar. 
[Fr. gelee — L. 
gelo, freeze.] 

JELLY-FISH 
(jel'i-fish), n. 
Marine radi- 
ate animal of 
a soft gelat- 
inous struc- 
ture, of which 
there are many 
different gen- 
era and spe- 
cies. 

JELLY-PRESS (jel'i-pres), n. Mechanical con- 
trivance worked by hand or other power used 




Jelly-fish (genus Medusa). 



to press and extract the juice from fruits or 
other products to be used in making jelly. 

JeNA (ya'na), n. Town, Saxe-Weimar, Ger- 
many, on the Saale River. 

JENNET, GENNET, GENET (jen'et), n. Small 
Spanish horse. [Fr. genet — Sp. ginete, nag, 
orig. a horse-soldier. Of Moorish origin.] 

JENNY (jen'i), n. [pi. JEN'NIES.] Gin or ma- 
chine for spinning. [Corrupted from GIN, 
machine.] 

JEOPARD (jep'ard), vt. [pr.p. JEOPARDING; 
p.t. and p.p. JEOP'ARDED.] Put in jeop- 
ardy. 

JEOPARDER (jep'ard-er), n. One who jeopards 
or puts in jeopardy. 

JEOPARDIZE (jep'ard-iz), vt. [pr.p. JEOPARD- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. JEOPARDIZED (jep- 
ard-izd).] Put in jeopardy; jeopard. 

JEOPARDOUS (jep'ard-us), a. Exposed to 
danger or loss. 

JEOPARDY (jep'ard-i), n. Hazard; danger; 
exposure to death or loss. [Fr. jeu parti, 
divided game, even chance.] 

JERBOA (jer'bo-a), n. Rodent of the genus 
Dipus, found in Africa and known as 
the jump- 
ing-mouse. 
[Ar. yarbu, 
strong hind 
muscles.] 

JEREMIAD 
(jer-e-mi'- 
ad),n. Lam- 
entation 
long drawn 
out. [From 
Jeremiah in 
the Old Tes- 
tament.] 

JERK (jerk), 
n. Short 
sudden movement. [Etym. doubtful.] 

JERK (jerk), v. [pr.p. JERKING; p.t. and p.p. 
JERKED (jerkt).] I. vt. 1. Pull, push, or 
thrust with a sudden movement. 2. Throw 
with a sudden movement. 3. Cure, as meat. 
II. vi. Move with a sudden start. 

JERKED-BEEF (jerkt'bef), n. Beef cut into 
thin pieces and dried in the sun. [Chilean 
charqui.] 

JERKIN (jer'kin), n. Jacket; short coat; close 
waistcoat. [Dut., dim. of jurk, frock.] 

JERKY (jerk'i), a. Acting spasmodically or 
with jerks. 

JERRY (jer'i), n. One who builds houses of 
poor material. 

JERSEY (jer'zi), n. Largest of the English 
Channel Islands ; 45 sq. m. 

JERSEY (jer'zi), I. a. Of or pertaining to the 
island of Jersey. II. n. 1. One of a breed of 
cattle from island of Jersey. 2. [j-] Kind 
of close-fitting woolen upper garment worn 
in rowing, etc. [From the island of Jersey.] 




Jerboa (Dipus JZgyptius). 



fate, fat, taslr, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch guile; oil, owl, then, &h=ch in Scotch loch. 



JERSEY CITY 



642 



JIBE 




> 



JERSEY ClTY. City. New Jersey, on Hud- 
son River, opposite New York City. 

Jerusalem (je-ro'- 

sa-lern), r». City, Pal- 
estine, 33 m. S. E. of 
Jaffa, its port. 

Jerusalem cher- 
ry (je-ro'sa-lem 
cher'i). Fruit of 
small shrub, of ge- 
nus Solan urn, red in 
color and resembling 
the ordinary cherry, 
only smaller and un- 
fit for food. Jerusalem Cherry. 

JESSAMINE (jes'a-min), n. See JASMINE. 

JEST (jest), n. 1. Something ludicrous; joke; 
fun. 2. Object of laughter. [O. Fr. geste — L. 
gcstum, done.] 

JEST (jest), vi. [pr.p. JEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
JESTED.] Utter jests; joke. 

JESTER (jester), n. 1. One who jests. 2. Buf- 
foon. 

JESTINGLY (jest'ing-li), adv. In a jesting 
manner; not in earnest. 

JESUIT (jez'u-it), ». One of the Society of 
Jesus founded in 1534 by Ignatius Loyola. 
— Jesuits' bark, cinchona, so called because 
introduced to Rome by Jesuit missionaries. 

Jesuitic (jez-u-it'ik), Jesuitical (jez-u-if- 

ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to the Jesuits or 

their methods of procedure. 
JET (jet), n. Very compact and black species 

of coal, used for ornaments. [O. Fr. gaiet — Gr. 

gagates — Gagas, town in Asia 3Iinor.] 
JET (jet), v. [pr.p. JET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

JET'TED.] I. vt. Spurt out. II. vi. 1. Spout 

or shoot out. 2. Project; jut. [O. Fr. jetter, 

cast or fling — L. jacto, freq. of jacio, throw.] 
JET (jet), n. 1. Spouting stream. 2. Short pipe 

emitting a flame of gas. 
JET-BLACK (jet'blak), a. Of the deepest 

black color. 
JETSAM (jet'sam), JETSON (jet'sun), n. 1. 

Throwing of goods overboard in a case of 

great peril to lighten a vessel. 2. Goods so 

thrown away which sink. [See JETTISON.] 
JETTISON (jet'1-sun), vt. [pr.p. JET'TISONING; 

p.t. and p.p. JETTISONED (jet'i-sund).] Throw 

overboard to ease the ship. [O. Fr. getaison — 

L. jnrto, throw.] 
JETTY (jet'l), n. [pi. JET'TIES.] 1. Projection; 

pirr; landing place. 2. Dam constructed to 

change the course of the current in a river. 

[Fr. jttce, thrown out — jefcr.] 
JETTY (Jet'l), r. [pr.p. JET'TYING*, p.t. and p.p. 

JF.TTIED (jet'id).] I. vt. Furnish with a 

Jetty. II. vi. Project; jut. 
JETTY (Jet'i), a. Made of or resembling jet. 
JEU D'ESPRIT (zhe des-pre'). Witticism. [Fr., 

play of wit.] 
JEUNESSE DOREE (zhe-nes' do-ra). Rich 

young men. [Fr., gilded youth.] 




Sir Moses Monte- 
fiore, Jewish phi- 
lanthropist. Born 
1784— died 1885. 



JEW (jo), n. [fern. JEWESS.] Inhabitant of 
Judea; Hebrew; Israelite. [O. Fr. Jui — L. 
Judceus.] 

JEW (jo), v. [pr.p. JEWING; 
p.t. and p.p. JEWED (jod).J 

1. vt. Overreach; deal un- 
fairly with; cheat. II. vi. 
Engage in the practice of 
cheating in business. — Jew 
down, strive by any means 
to purchase at a lower price 
than the one asked. 

Jew-baiting (jobat-ing), 

n. The fantastical persecu- 
tion of Jews; anti-Sem- 
itism. 

JEWEL (jo'el), n. 1. Precious 
stone. 2. Anything highly 
valued. 3. Crystal precious stone forming a 
bearing, as for watch-pivot. [O. Fr. jouel; 
Fr. joyau, a dim. of joie, joy.] 

JEWEL (jo'el), vt. [pr.p. JEWELING; p.t. and 
p.p. JEWELED (jo'eld).] 1. Adorn with jewels. 

2. Fit or furnish with jewels, as a watch. 
JEWELER (j6'el-er), n. One who makes or 

deals in jewels. 

JEWELRY (jo'el-ri), n. Jewels in general. 

JEWFISH (jo'fish), n. Fish of the family 
Serranidce found on the eastern and southern 
coasts of the United States and reaching a 
weight of several hundred pounds. 

JEWISH (jo'ish), a. Of or pertaining to the 
Jews ; Israelitish. 

JEWRY (jo'ri), n. Land of the Jews; Judea; 
Jews collectively. 

JEW'S-HARP (joz'harp), n. 1. Small harp- 
shaped musical instrument played between 
the teeth by striking a spring with the finger. 
2. Naut. Link or shackle connecting the 
anchor ring with the chain cable of a ship. 

JEZEBEL (jez'e-bel), n. Bold and vicious 
woman; virago. [From Ahab's wicked wife.] 

JIB (jib), vi. [pr.p. JIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
JIBBED (jibd).] 3love restively sidewise or 
backward, as a horse. [O. Fr. giber, struggle.] 

JIB (jib), n. 1. Naut. Triangular sail borne in 
front of the foremast in a ship, so called from 
its shifting of itself. 2. Mach. Extended arm 
of a crane or derrick. [From root of JIBE.] 

JIB-BOOM (jib'bom), n. Naut. Extension of 
bowsprit on which outer jibs are set. 

JIB-CRANE (jib'kran), n. Crane swinging at 
right angles from an upright pillar or mast 
and supported by a strut from the foot of the 
pillar, used for lifting heavy articles, and 
swinging them into place. 

JIBE (jib), v. [pr.p. JI'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
JIBED (jibd).] I. vt. Naut. Shift from 
one side of a vessel to the other, said of a 
boom-sail. II. vi. 1. Swing from one side 
of the mast to the other. 2. Be in agree- 
ment. Also spelled jib and gibe. [Dan. gibbe, 
jibe.] 



fate, fat, task. far ; fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute hut. burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



JIFFY 



643 



JOB 






JIFFY (jif'i), n. Very short time; moment; 
instant. (Slang.) 

JIG (jig), n. 1. Quick, lively tune; quick dance 
suited to the tune. 3. Handy tool; device to 
guide cutting tool. [Fr. gigu^ fiddle.] 

JIG (jig), v. [pr.p. JIGGING; p.t. and p.p, 
JIGGED (jigd).] I. vt. Sing or play in jig time. 
II. vi. Dance a jig. 

JIGGER (jig'er), n. 1. Minute species of flea 
of the West Indies ; chigoe. 2. Chigger. [From 
the native chigoe.] 

JIGGER (jig'er), n. Anything small, as a small 
car, boat, tick, etc. 

JIGGER (jig'er), n. Elec. 1. In wireless teleg- 
raphy, a vibrating device used as an auxil- 
iary transformer wherewith to adjust and bal- 
ance the force, resistance and electric power 
of a coherer 
between its 
terminals. 2. 
In wireless 
telephony an 
adjustable de- 
vice by which 
the vibrations 
of both re- 
ceiving and 
sending dia- 
phragms are 
regulated. 

JIGGER-FLEA 
(jig'er-fle), n. 
Entom. Insect 
pest that bur- 
rows under the Jigger-flea (Sarcopsulla penetrans). 

Skin Of man t Mouth. 2. Cocoon. 3. Embryo- 4. Egg. 

and beast, Cre- 5. Female before entering the skin. 6. I.arva. 

i. _ 7- Fecundated female. 8. Fully grown female. 

ating SOreS 9. Female third day after entering the skin. 

and great irri- 10 " Head of female (enlarged). 11. Female 

, after several days under the skin. 12. Pupa. 

tation. 

JIG-SAW (jig'sa), n. A saw working with 
a reciprocating perpendicular 
movement through a base or 
table on which the work to be 
sawed is placed. See SCROLL 
SAW. 

JILL (jil), n. Young girl; sweet- 
heart. [Short for JELLIAN, 
i. e., Juliana.] 

JILT (jilt), n. Woman who en- 
courages a lover and then 
neglects or rejects him; flirt. 
[Sc. jillet — Jill — L. Juliana — 
Julius.] 

JILT (jilt), v. [pr.p. JILTING; 
p.t. and p.p. JILT'ED.] I. vt. 
Encourage and then disap- 
point in love. II. vi. Play the jilt. 

JlM CROW (jim kro). 1. Typical name for 
negro. — Jim Crow car, car for use of negroes 
exclusively. (From an old negro-minstrel song.) 
2. [j- c-]. Short claw-end crow-bar used by 
miners. 





Jig-saw. 




Jimson--weed (Datura 
stramonium). 



JIM JAM (jim 'jam), n. 1. [pi.] Queer notions; 
oddities; fads. 2. [pi.] Delirium tremens. 
(Colloq.) 

JIMMY (jim'i), n. [pi. JIMMD3S.] Short crow- 
bar used by burglars. 

JIMSON-WEED (jim'sun-wed), n. Common 
weed of the nightshade family; 
called also thorn-apple and 
stramonium. 

JINGAL(jing'gal),w. Large 
swivel bell-mouthed 
musket made of brass 
or iron and used in far 
Oriental countries for 
hunting game. [Hind. 
jangdl, musket.] 

JINGLE (jing'gl), n. 1. 
Jangling or clinking 
sound. 2. That which 
makes a rattling sound. 
3. Correspondence of 
sounds. 4. [pi.] Lively 
doggerel verses, espe- 
cially those intended 
to please the ears of 
children. [Imitative.] 

JINGLE (jing'gl), v. [pr.p. JINGLING; p.t. and 
p.p. JINGLED (jing'gld).] I. vt. Cause to 
give out a jingle or tinkling metallic sound. 
II. vi. 1. Make a tinkling metallic noise; 
tinkle. 2. Correspond in sound or rhyme. 3. 
Make rhymes. 

JINGLING (jing'gling), n. Prolonged ringing of 
bells or other objects that make a ringing 
sound. 

JlNGO (jing'go), I. n. [pi. JINGOES (jing'- 
goz).] One who advocates an aggressive 
foreign policy. II. a. Pertaining to or char- 
acterized by Jingoism. [From "by Jingo."] 

JINGOISM (jing'go-izm), n. Jingo policy or 
spirit. 

JINRIKISHA (jin-rik'i-sha), n. Japanese two- 
wheeled cart drawn by 
a man, used generally 
for the conveyance of 
passengers. 

JIU-JITSU (ju-jit'so), 
JIU-JUTSU (ju-jof 
so), n. Japanese sys- 
tem of self-defense, 
physical culture exer- 
cise, and wrestling. 
[Jap. jiu-jutsu.] 

JOB (job), n. 1. Piece 
of work, especially of 
a trifling or temporary nature. 2. Un- 
dertaking with a view to profit. 3. Mean 
transaction, in which private gain is sought 
under pretense of public service. — Job printer, 
one who does miscellaneous work, such as 
bills, circulars, etc. — Job-work, work paid for 
by the job, not by the day. [O. Fr. gob t 
mouthful.] 




Jinrikisha. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kn=c/i in Scotch lock. 



mute, hut, burn. 



JOB 



644 



JOINTED 



Bot. Grass and 



JOB (job), v. [pr.p. JOBBING; p.t. and p.p. 

JOBBED (jobd).] I. vt. 1. Let out in separate 

portions. 2. Let out for hire. 3. Buy in bulk 

and sell in lots to dealers. II. vi. 1. Purchase 

goods in bulk and sell in lots. 2. Work by 

the job. 3. Seek private gain under pretense of 

public service. 
JOBBER (job'er), n. 1. One who buys in lots 

of wholesale dealers and sells to retailers; 

middlemen. 2. One who uses politics for 

private advantage. 
JOBBERY (job'er-i), n. [pi. JOBBERIES.] 

Unfair means employed to procure some 

private end. 
JOB'S-TEARS (jobz'terz), n. 

its fruit grown 

largely in theEast 

Indies. The fruit 

when properly 

dried is used to 

make bead-neck- 
laces, rosaries, 

etc. 
J() CASTA (jo-kas'- 

ta), n. Grcek^ 

Myth. Mother of 

(Edipus, whom 

she in ignorance 

married. 
JOCKEY (jok'i), n.] 
1. One who rides' 

a horse in a race. 

*>. Horse dealer, ^ob s-te&rs (Coix lachry ma). 

3. Cheat. [Dim. of Jock, northern E. for Jack.] 
JOCKEY (jok'i), v. [pr.p. JOCKEYING; p.t. 

and p.p. JOCKEYED (jok'id).] I- vt. Act to 

deceive; cheat. II. vi. Make use of dishonest 

measures; act unfairly. 
JOCOSE (jo-kos'), a. Full of jokes; humorous; 

merry. [L. jocosas — jocus, joke.] 

SYN. Funny; jocular; waggish. ANT. 

Serious; earnest; grave; lugubrious; lack- 
adaisical. 
JOCOSELY (jo-kos'li), adv. In a jocose manner. 
JO( OSENESS (jo-kos'nes), n. Quality of being 

jocose. 
JOCULAR (jok'u-lar), a. Given to jokes; 

humorous; droll; laughable. [L. jocularis — 

jocus, joke.] 
JOCULARITY (Jok-u-lar'i-ti), n. Quality of 

being jocular. 
JOCULARLY (jok'u-lar-li), adv. In a jocular 

manner. 
JOCUND (Jok'und), «. Merry; cheerful; pleasant. 
JOCUNDITY (jo-kun'di-ti), n. Quality or state 

of being jocund. [L. jocundus, pleasing.] 
JOG (Jog), v. [pr.p. JOGGING; p.t. and p.p. 

JTOGGEB (Jogd).] I. vt. Push with the elbow 

or hand; nudge. II. vL Move by small shocks. 

travel slowly. [Wei. gogl, shake.] 
JOG (jog), n. 1. Slight push or shake; nudge. 

'I. Any slight stimulant or incentive. 3. 

Irregularity of motion or surface. 





John-dory. 



JOGGLE (jog'l), v. [pr.p. JOGGLING; p.U and 
p.p. JOGGLED (jog'ld).] I. vt. Jog or shake 
slightly; jostle. II. vi. Shake. [Dim. of JOG.] 

JOGGLE (jog'l), n. 1. Jog or jolt. 2. Notch in 
joints adapted in fitting stones or pieces of 
timbers together to keep them from sliding. 

JOHANNESBURG (yo-han'nes-biirg), n. Town 
in Transvaal Colony, South Africa. 

JOHN-DORY (jon-do'ri), w. Yellow-colored 

fish, about ^=^— =_- _ __^, 

twelve or four- 
teen inches in 
length, with- 
out scales but 
having long 
spines on back 
and lower fins. 
[Fr. jaune, yel- 
low, and doree, 
gilt.] 

Johnny (joni), 

n. [pi. JOHNNIES (jon'iz).] 1. Diminutive 
of John. 2. [pi.] Nickname applied collec- 
tively to the Confederate soldiers of Southern 
U. S. during the war of the rebellion. 3. [j-] 
Dudish fellow, usually frequenter at stage - 
door entrances of theaters or at street corners. 

JOHNNY-CAKE (jon'i-kak), n. Cake of Indian 
meal, made in various ways. 

JOHNNY-JUMP-UP (jon-i-jump'up), n. Wild 
pansy. 

JOIN (join), v. [pr.p. JOIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
JOINED (joind).] I. vt. 1. Connect; unite. 
2. Associate with; add or annex. II. vi. Be 
connected; grow together. [O. Fr. joindre — 
L. jungo, join.] 

JOINDER (join'der), n. Merging or joining two 
or more causes of action against another or 
others. 

JOINER (join'er), n. One who or that which 
joins; specifically, artisan who finishes the 
woodwork of houses, ships, etc. 

JOINERY (join'er-i), n. Art of the joiner. 

JOINT (joint), I. 
1. Place 
two or more 
join; knot; 
seam, etc. 2. Part 



t), I. n. 

: where Ln \ hs. 1 h * h * 



I cb ta V 1 I 



n? 



of the limb of an 

animal «it off at 

the joint. 3. Low 

resort; opium-den. 

(Colloq.) II. a. 1. 

Joined, united, 

or combined. 2. 

Shared among more than one. 

junctus — jungo, join.] 
JOINT (joint), v. [pr.p. JOINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

JOINTED.] I. vt. 1. Unite by joints; fit 

closely. 2. Provide with joints. 3. Cut 

into joints, as an animal. II. vi. Fit like 

joints. 
JOINTED (joint'ed), a. Having joints. 



,5678 

Carpenter's Joints. 

1. For doors, window frames, etc. 2. 
For pilasters. 3. Miter-joint with a 
jag (notch). 4. Bead-joint. 5. Feather- 
joint. 6. Tongue-joint. 7. Rabbet- 
joint with two beads. 8. Square joiat. 
9. Dovetail. 

[O. Fr.— L. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
xi-u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



JOINTER 



045 



JOURNEYMAN 




Jointworm (Isosoma triciti). 

[Greatly enlarged.] 



JOINTER (jointer), n. 1. Largest kind of plane 
used by a joiner. 2. Bent piece of iron for 
riveting two stones together. 

JOINTLY (joint'li), adv. Unitedly or in combi- 
nation; connectedly; together; linked. 

JOINT-STOCK (joint'stok), n. Stock held joint- 
ly or in company. 

JOINTURE (jointure), n. Property joined to or 
settled on a woman at marriage to be en- 
joyed after her husband's death. 

JOINTWORM ( joint' wurm), n. Fly whose lar- 
vae infest wheat 
straw, and when 
the latter is 
made intoj 
mattresses, 
these larvae 
and flies 
bite mankind, 
leaving great 
lesions and 
eruptions on 
the skin. 

JOIST (joist), n. 

Timbers to which the boards of a floor or the 
laths of a ceiling are nailed. [O. Fr. giste — 
L. jacoe, lie.] 

JOIST (joist), vt. [pr.p. JOIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
JOIST'ED.] Furnish with joists. 

JOKE (jok), v. [pr.p. JOKING; p.t. and p.p. 
JOKED (jokt). I. vt. Jest or make merry 
with; rally; banter. II. vi. Make jests, fun 
or jokes. 

JOKE (jok), n. Jest; something witty or sport- 
ive; anything said or done to excite a laugh. 
[L. jocus.] 

SYN. Raillery; fun; sport; pleasantry; 
banter; waggery; witticism. ANT. Se- 
riousness; gravity; sobriety; solemnity. 

JOKER (jo'ker), n. 1. One who jokes or jests. 
2. Additional card in the pack of fifty-two 
used in certain games. 

JOLLIFICATION (jol-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Noisy 
festivity and merriment. 

JOLLILY (jol'i-li), adv. In a jolly manner. 

JOLLINESS (jol'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being jolly. 

JOLLITY (jol'i-ti), n. State or quality of being 
jolly; mirth; merriment. 

JOLLY (jol'i), a. [comp. JOL'LIER; superl. JOL'- 
LIEST.] 1. Merry. 2. Expressing or exci- 
ting mirth. 3. Comely; robust. [Fr. joli — 
E. yule.] 

JOLLY (jol'i), vt. [pr.p. JOL'LYING; p.t. and p.p. 
JOLLIED (jol'id).] 1. Cajole. 2. Joke; rally. 

JOLLYBOAT (jol'i-bot), n. Small boat belong- 
ing to a ship. [Dan. jolle, yawl, and BOAT.] 

JOLT (jolt), v. [pr.p. JOLTING; p.t. and p.p. 
JOLTED.] I. vt. Shake with a sudden shock. 
II. vi. Move with sharp, sudden jerks. [Old 
form JOLX,, probably conn, with JOWL.] 

JOLT (jolt), n. Sudden shake or shock. 

JONQUIL (jon'kwil), n. Species of narcissus or 




Japanese Joss 

(Daibutsu). 
Largest and principal idol in Ja- 
pan ; made of puiebronze, 115 feet 
high and 65 feet in width at base. 
Located in Morimura, Japan. 



daffodil with rush-like leaves. [Fr. jonquille 
— L. juncus, rush.] 

JORDAN (jar'dan), n. Principal river of Pales- 
tine, falls into Dead Sea. 

JOSS(jos),n. Chinese or Japanese idol. [Chinese 
corrupted from Pg. 
deos, God.] 

JOSS-HOUSE (jos'- 
hows), n. Chinese 
temple of worship ; 
name given by Chi- 
nese to all houses of 
worship irrespective 
of creed. 

JOSS-PAPER (jos'pa- 
per),n. Paper that has 
been gilded, silvered or 
otherwise decorated, 
used by the Chinese 
in their religious cer- 
emonies. 

JOSS-STICK (jos'stik), 
n. Small splint of 
bamboo covered with either punk or aromatic 
sweet-scented pastes, properly dried, and 
allowed to burn with a smoldering spark in 
the joss-houses and at the various religious 
shrines of the Chinese. 

JOSTLE (jos'l), vt. [pr.p. JOSTLING; p.t. and 
p.p. JOSTLED (jos'ld).] Push; elbow. [Freq. 
of JOUST.] 

JOT (jot), n. Least quantity assignable; iota; 
little. [Gr. iota, i.] 

JOT (jot), vt. [JOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. JOTTED.] 
Make a- first note of. 

JOULE (jowl), n. Practical unit of electrical 
energy, equivalent to work done in one second 
with a current of one ampere against resist- 
ance of one ohm. [After Joule, English 
physicist.] 

JOUNCE (jowns), v. [pr.p. JOUN'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. JOUNCED (jownst).] I. vt. Jolt or 
shake, as in rough riding. II. vi. Be jolted. 
(Colloq.) 

JOURNAL (jur'nal), n. 1. Book containing an 
account of each day's transactions. 2. Period- 
ical. 3. Transactions of a society. 4. Part of 
an axle which turns in a bearing. [Fr.— -L. 
diurnalis.] 

JOURNALISM (jur'nal-izm), n. Occupation of 
a journalist. 

JOURNALIST (jur'nal-ist), n. One who writes 
for or conducts a periodical. 

JOURNEY (jur'ni), n. Travel; tour; excur- 
sion. [Fr. journee, day's travel — L. diurnus.] 

SYN. Trip; jaunt; expedition; pilgrim- 
age; voyage; passage. A journey is on land ; 
a voyage on the water; travel, generally a long 
voyage or journey, or both. Passage usually 
refers to travel on the water. 

JOURNEY (jur'ni), vi. [pr.p. JOURNEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. JOURNEYED (jur'nid).] Travel. 

JOURNEYMAN (jur'ni-man), n. [pi. JOUR- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, .burn, 
u=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



JOUST 



646 



JUGFUL 



WEYMEN.] *>" e whose apprenticeship is 
completed. 
JOUST i just or jost), n. Encounter of two 

knights on horseback at a tournament; just. 
JOIST tjust), vi. [pr.p. JOUSTING; p.t. and 

p.p. JOUST'ED.] Engage in a joust. 
J()VE (jov), n. Bom. Myth. The same as 

JIPITER. 
JOVIAL (jo'vi-al), a. Joyous; full of mirth and 

happiness. [L. Jovialis — Jovi8 9 Jupiter.] 
JOVIALITY (jo-vi-al'i-ti), n. 1. Jovialness. 

2. Festivity. 
JOVIALLY (jo'vi-al-i), adv. In a jovial manner. 
JOVIALNESS (jo'vi-al-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being jovial. 
JOWL (joi), n. Cheek. [A. S. ceafi, jaw.] 
JOY (joi), n. [pi. JOYS (joiz).] 1. Gladness; 
rapture; mirth. 2. Cause of joy. [Fr. joie.] 
SYN. Delight; ecstasy; exultation; trans- 
port; merriment; hilarity. ANT. Sorrow; 
grief; misery; affliction; despondency; de- 
spair. 
JOY (joi), vi. [pr.p. JOY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

JOYED (joid).] Rejoice; exult; be glad. 
JOYFUL (joi'fol), a. Full of joy; glad; happy; 

merry. 
JOYFULLY (joi'fol-i), adv. In a joyful manner. 
JOYFULNESS (joi'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being joyful. 
JOYLESS (joi'les), a. 1. Without joy. 2. Not 

giving joy. 
JOYLESSLY (joi'les-li), adv. In a joyless man- 
ner. 
JOYOUS (joi'us), a. Full of joy; joyful. 
JOYOUSLY (joi'us-li), adv. In a joyous manner. 
JOYOUSNESS (joi'us-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being joyous. 
JOY-RIDING (joi'ri-ding), n. Fast and reckless 
running of a motor car by a partially inebriate 
chauffeur accompanied by a number of hilari- 
ous boon companions. (Colloq.) 
JUBILANT (jti'bi-lant), a. Shouting for joy. 

[L. jubilo, shout for joy.] 
JUBILATE (jo'bi-lat), vt. [pr.p. JU'BELATING; 
p.t. and p.p. JU'BILATED.] Rejoice; exult; 
triumph. 
JUBILATION (jo^i-la'shun), n. Act of jubila- 
ting. 
JUBILEE <Jo'bi-le), n. 1. Season of great public 
joy. 2. Fiftieth anniversary. [L. jubilatus — 
Ifeb. ifobel, trumpet blast.] 
JUDAIC fjo-da'ik), JUDAICAL (jo-da'ik-al), a. 

Pertaining to the Jews. [L. Judaicus.] 
JUDAISM (jo'da-izm), n. Doctrines and rites of 

the Jews. 
JUDGE juj , v. [pr.p. JUDGTNG; p.t. and p.p. 
JUDGED (Jnjd).] I. vi. 1. Hear and decide. 
2, Form or pass an opinion. 3. Distinguish. 
II. vt. 1. Hear and determine authoritatively; 
sentence. 2. Be censorious towards. 3. Con- 
sider. 4. Form or pass an opinion upon. 
[Fr. juger — L. judlco — jus, law, and rtico, 
declare.] 



JUDGE (juj), n. 1. Civil officer who hears and 
settles causes. 2. Arbitrator; awarder; um- 
pire. 3. One who can decide upon the merits 
of a thing; critic; connoisseur. [Fr. juge — L. 
judex.] 
JUDGMENT (juj'ment), n. 1. Act of judging. 
2. Faculty by which this is done; reason. 3. 
Opinion formed. 4. Sentence. 5. Condemna- 
tion; doom. — Confess judgment, give formal 
consent to judgment against the consenting 
party being entered without pleading; ac- 
knowledge liability. — Judgment day, the day 
on which God will pronounce final judgment 
on mankind; doomsday. — Judgment note, 
promissory note, containing a power of attor- 
ney to appear and confess judgment for the 
amount of the note. 

SYN. Decision; award; discernment; sa- 
gacity; wisdom; taste; understanding; sen- 
sibility; intellect; penetration; determina- 
tion; adjudication. ANT. Argument; con- 
sideration; imprudence; rashness; folly. 
JUDICATIVE (jo'di-ka-tiv), a. Having power 

to judge. 
JUDICATOR (jo'di-ka-ter), n. One who judges 

or passes judgment upon; judge. 
JUDICATORY (jodi-ka-to-ri), I. a. Pertaining 
to a judge; distributing justice. II. n. 1. Dis- 
tribution of justice. 2. Tribunal. 
JUDICATURE (jo'di-ka-tur), n. 1. Profession 
of a judge.. 2. Power or system of dispensing 
justice by legal trial. 3. Jurisdiction. 4. 
Tribunal. 
JUDICIAL (jo-dish'al), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
judge or court. 2. Practiced in, or proceeding 
from, a court of justice. 3. Established by 
statute. 4. Adapted or fitted for judging. 
[L. judicialis.] 
JUDICIALLY (jo-dish'al-i), adv. In a judicial 

manner. 
JUDICIARY (jo-dish'i-a-ri), I. n. 1. Judges 
taken collectively. 2. System of courts. II. 
a. 1. Pertaining to the courts of law. 2. Pass- 
ing judgment. [L. judiciarius.] 
JUDICIOUS (jo-dish'us), o. According to sound 

judgment; discreet. 
JUDICIOUSLY (jo-dish'us-li), adv. In a judi- 
cious manner. 
JUDICIOUSNESS (jo-dish'us-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being judicious. 
JUG (jug), n. 1. A vessel with a swelling body 
and narrow mouth. 2. Jail. [Etym. doubtful.] 
JUG (jug), vt. [pr.p. JUGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
JUGGED (jugd).] 1. Put into a jug. 2. Com- 
mit to jail. (Colloq.) 
JUG (jug), n. Note of the nightingale. [Imi- 
tative.] 
JUGAL (jo'gal), I. a. Anat. Of or pertaining 
to the jugal or malar bone; malar. II. «. 
Bone of zygomatic arch; malar bone. [L. 
jugalis — jugum, yoke.] 
JUGFUL (jug'fol), n. [pi. JUGFULS.] Quantity 
a jug will hold. 



faie, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c#. in Scotch loch. 



JUGGERNAUT 



647 



JUMP-SPARK 



I 



East Indian 




Idol of the Jugger- 
naut. 



Juggernaut (jug 'er-nat), w. i. 

deity identical with the 
god Vishnu. 2. Idol of 
the same name, supposed 
to demand self-sacrifice 
and annihilating all that 
came in its path. 3. Fig- 
uratively, anything to 
which one is blindly 
sacrificed. [Hind. Jag- 
anndth, protector of all 
that moves.] 

JUGGLE (jug'l), v. [pr.p. 
JUGGLING; p.t. and p.p. 
JUGGLED (jug'ld).] I. vt. 
Manipulate in a way to 
deceive. II. vi. 1. Practice artifice or impo- 
sition. 2. Entertain people by legerdemain. 

JUGGLE (jug'l), n. 1. Trick by sleight of hand. 
2. Imposture. 

JUGGLER (jug'ler), n. One who juggles. 

JUGGLERY (jug'ler-i), n. [pi. JUGGLERIES.] 
Art or tricks of a juggler; legerdemain; 
trickery. 

JUGULAR (jo'gu-lar), I. a. Pertaining to the 
throat. II. n. One of the two large veins of 
the neck. The external one carries the blood 
from the external parts of the head and neck 
into the subclavian vein; it is visible on either 
side of the neck. The internal one carries the 
blood from the interior parts of the head and 
joins the subclavian vein. [L. jugulum, 
collar-bone — jungo, join.'] 

JUICE (jos), n. 1. Sap of vegetables. 2. Fluid 
part of animal bodies. [Fr. jus — L. jus, 
sauce, broth.] 

JUICELESS (jos'les), a. Without juice or sap; 
dry. 

JUICINESS (jo'si-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being juicy. 

JUICY (jo'si), a. Abounding with juice; suc- 
culent. 

JUJU (jo'jb), n. Charm of the fetish order, 
venerated by the natives of West Africa. 

JUJUBE (jo'job), n. 1. 
Spiny shrub of the genus 
Zizyphus. 2. Edible fruit 
of the shrub. 3. Lozenge 
made to taste like the 
fruit. — Jujube paste, con- 
fection having the flavor 
of jujube fruit. [Fr. — Pers. 
Zizfun, jujube-tree.] 

JUJU-HOUSE (jo'jo-hows), 
n. House in which juju 
ceremonies are conducted. 

JUJUISM (jo'jo-izm), n. Worship of or belief 
in juju. 

JULEP (jo'lep), n. 1. Pleasant liquid medicine 
in which an ill-tasting medicine is taken. 2. 
Brandy, broken ice, and sugar, flavored, 
usually with mint. [Ar. julab — Pers. gill, rose, 
and db, water.] 




Branch of Jujube 

(Zizyphus jujuba). 



JULIAN (jo'li-an), a. Pertaining to Julius 
Caesar. — Julian year, year of 365-J days, as 
arranged by Julius Caesar. 

JULIENNE (zho-le-en'), n. Clear soup made 
with various herbs or vegetables cut in very 
small pieces. [Fr.] 

JULY (jo-ID, n. Seventh month of the year, 
so called by Julius Caesar, who was born in 
this month, and who reformed the calendar. 

JUMBLE (jum'bl), v. [pr.p. JUMBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. JUMBLED (jum'bld).] I. vt. Mix con- 
fusedly. II. vi. Be mixed together confus- 
edly. 

JUMBLE (jum'bl), n. 1. Confused mixture. 2. 
Kind of thin, crisp cake. 

JUMBLE-SALE (jum'bl-sal), n. Sale of dis- 
carded, obsolete or second-hand articles of all 
kiuds, usually for some charitable purpose; 
rummage sale. 

JUMBO (jum'bo), n. Very large individual of 
its kind. [After Jumbo, a big elephant exhib- 
ited about 1881-85.] 

JUMBOISM (jum'bo-izm), n. Propensity to ad- 
vocate or admire things or enterprises of 
gigantic proportions. 

JUMELLE (zho-meD, a. Twin; in pairs, as an 
opera-glass having two tubes. [Fr., fern, of 
jumeau, twin.] 

JUMP (jump), v. [pr.p. JUMPING; p.t. and p.p. 
JUMPED (jumpt).] I. vt. 1. Pass by a leap; 
leap over or across. 2. Cause to start, as 
game. II. vi. 1. Spring upward, or forward, or 
both; bound; leap. 2. Agree or coincide 
(with). — Jump a claim, take possession of a 
piece of public land which another has al- 
ready occupied. — Jump bail, abscond to avoid 
trial, after bail is given. [O. Ger. gumpen, 
jump.] 

JUMP (jump), n. 1. Act of jumping; leap; 
spring; bound. 2. Sudden promotion or 
rise. 3. Mining. Fault. 

JUMP-DRILL (jump'dril), n. Lengthy and 
heavy drill for boring in rocks, handled by 
two or more men who cause the drilling to be 
done by making the drill jump up and down 
in the hole to be bored. 

JUMPER (jump'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which jumps. 2. Sled in which shaft and 
runner are one continuous piece. 3. Tool 
that works with a jumping motion. 4. Elec. 
Temporary shunt or short circuit. 5. Blouse 
or loose jacket of cotton or other cloth worn 
by persons engaged in work that might soil 
their other clothing. 

JUMPING-JACK (jump'ing-jak), n. 1. Toy 
made to jump or go into contortions by pulling 
a string attached to it. 2. An erratic or eccen- 
tric person. (Colloq.) 

JUMPING-NET (jump'ing-net), n. Stout net 
used at fires to catch people jumping from 
burning edifices. 

JUMP-SPARK (jump'spark), n. Elec. A dis- 
ruptive spark obtained between two opposed 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w ia' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



JUMP-STROKE 



648 



JURISDICTION 



» 



conducting surfaces, as distinguished from a 
spark obtained by or following a wiping con- 
tact. — Jump-spark ignition, system of ig- 
nition commonly used in motor vehicles, in 
which a current of high pressure is used, 
which will jump across a gap, so that the 
points need not be brought into contact in 
order to ignite the explosive mixture of gases 
in the cylinder of the internal-combustion 
engine. 
JUMP-STROKE (jump'strok), n. Peculiar stroke 
in billiards with the cue on the cue ball, 
causing the ball so struck to jump or re- 
bound on the table one or more times. 
JUNCTION (jungk'shun), n. 1. Act of joining, 
or state of being joined. 2. Place or point of 
union. [See JOIN.] 
JUNCTION-BOX(jungk'shun-boks),n. 1. Maeh. 
Metal box, hermetically sealed, used to pro- 
tect pipes at joints or at points where valves 
are placed. 2. Elec. Box placed at the union 
of wires and cables to protect the joint and 
insulation from damage. 
JUNCTURE (jungk'tur), n. 1. Joining; union. 
I. Critical or important point of time. [L. 
junctura — jungo, join.] 
JUNE (jon), n. Sixth month of the year. [L. 

Junius.] 
JUNE-BUG (jon'bug), n. Entom, Species of 
brown and sometimes green beetles of the 
genus Lachnosterna, found throughout the 
U. S. and usually making their appearance 
In the month of June. 
JuXGFRAU (yong'frow), n. Mountain, Bernese 

Alps, Switzerland. Altitude 13,671 ft. 
JUNGLE (jung'gl), n. Dense tangle of vegeta- 
tion. [Hind, jangal.] 
JUNGLE-FEVER (jung'gl-fe-ver), n. Pathol. 
Fever like ague or intermittent fever con- 
tracted in swamps and jungles in the tropics. 
JUNGLE-FOWL (jung'gl -fowl), n. Zool. Pe- 
culiarly shaped and marked fowl (Gallus 
vnrius) found in the jungles and swamps of 
Southern East India, especially in Java, 
JUNGLY (jung'gii), a. Of 

the nature of a jungle. 
JUNIOR (jon'yQr), I. a. 
1. Younger. i. Lower 
in rank. II. n. 1. One 
younger or less advanced, 
i. In American colleges, 
a student in the third 
rear of a four years' 
course, or first year of 
;i two or three years' 
course. [L., comp. of 

ju rents, young.] 
JUNIPER (joni-pf-r), n. 
Kvcrgrccn shrub, the 
berries of which are used Juniper Berries (Jun- 
ta making Kin. [L. ju- iperis communis). 
niperus, renewing its youth — juvenis young, 
and pario, brlnu: forth, because evergreen.] 





Junk, 
the aristocratic 



JUNK (jungk), n. Chinese sea-going vessel, 
having from one to 
five masts. [Pg. jun- 
co — Chinese chw'an, 
boat.] 

JUNK (jungk), n. 1. 
Piece of old cordage. 
2. Salt meat. 3. 
Scraps of old iron, 
paper, rags, etc. [L. 
juncus, rush, of 
which ropes used to 
be made.] 

JUNKER (yon'ker), n. 
1. Young German 
nobleman. 2. Member of 
party in Northern Germany. 

JUNKET (jung'ket), n. 1. Picnic; feast; excur- 
sion. 2. Kind of sweetmeat. [It. guincata— 
L. juncus, rush.] 

JUNKET (jung'ket), v. [pr.p. JUN'KETING; 
p.t. and p.p. JUNKETED.] I. vt. Entertain 
at a feast; regale. II. vi. Take part in a 
feast or banquet. 

JUNK-SHOP (jungk'shop), n. 1. Store or shop 
where junk is kept for sale. 2. Depository for 
useless, worn out or discarded material of all 
kinds. 

JuNO (ju'no), ra. Bom. Myth. Wife of Jupiter; 
queen of all the gods and mistress of heaven 
and earth; generally represented riding in 
a chariot drawn by peacocks, a diadem on her 
head, and a scepter in her hand; identified 
with the Greek Hera. 

JUNTA (jun'ta), n. Spanish grand council of 
state. [Sp.] 

JUNTO (jun'to), n. [pi. JUNTOS (jun'toz).] 
Body of men joined or united for some secret 
intrigue; confederacy; cabal; faction. [Sp. 
junta, meeting — L. junctus, joined.] 

JUPITER (jo'pi-ter), n. Bom. Myth. 1. Chief 
god among the Romans, '2. Largest, and next 
to Venus, brightest of planets. [Contr. from 
Jovis pater, Jove father.] 

JUPON (jo'pon or jo-pon')» n. 1. Blouse-like 
jacket of heavy material worn by men. 2. 
Woman's overskirt or outer petticoat. [Fr. 
jupon; from jupc, skirt.] 

JURATION (jo-ra'shun), n. Oath; declaration 
made under oath. [L. juro 9 swear.] 

JURIDICAL (jo-rid'ik-al), a. 1. Relating to the 
distribution of justice. 2. Pertaining to a 
judge. 3. Used in courts of law. 4. Subsisting 
in contemplation of law, as a juridical person. 
[L. jus, law, and dico, declare.] 

JURIDICALLY (jo-ridik-al-i), adv. In a jurid- 
ical manner. 

JURISCONSULT (jo-ris-kon'sult), n. One who 
is learned in the law, especially in internation- 
al law; jurist. [L. jus, juris, law and con- 
sultus, p.p. of consulo, consult.] 

JURISDICTION (jo-ris-dik'shun), n. 1. Judicial 
authority. 2. Extent of power. [L. jus, law, 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



JURISDICTIONAL 



649 



JUXTATERRESTRIAL 



and dictio, from dictus 9 p.p. of dico, say or de- 
clare.] 
JURISDICTIONAL (jo-ris-dik'shun-al), a. Of 

or pertaining to jurisdiction. 
JURISPRUDENCE (jo-ris-pro'dens), n. 1. Sci- 
ence of law. 2. Unwritten, non-statutory 
law. [L. juris t genit. of jus, law, and prudentia, 
prudence.] 
JURIST (jo'rist), n. One who is versed in the 

science of law. [Fr. juriste.] 
JUROR (jo'rur), n. One who serves on a jury. 
JURY (jo'ri), n. [pi. JU'RIES.] Body of men, 
selected and sworn, as prescribed by law, to 
declare the truth on evidence before them. 
[Fr. jure, sworn — jurer — L. juro, swear.] 
JURY-BOX (jo'ri-boks), n. Section set apart by 
a partition in a courtroom wherein the mem- 
bers of a jury sit during the trial of a case. 
JURYMAN (jo'ri-man), n. [pi. JURYMEN.] 

One who serves as a juror. 
JURY-MAST (jo'ri-mast), n. Temporary mast 
in place of one lost. [Corrup. from injury- 
mast.] 
JURY-RIGGED (jo'ri-rigd), a. Rigged for tem- 
porary service. 
JUST (just), n. Tilting match; joust. [O. Fr. 

justel, jouste.] 
JUST (just), vi. [pr.p. JUST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
JUST'ED.] Engage in a just or tilting match; 
tilt. 
JUST (just), I. a. Conforming to right; normal; 
equitable. II. adv. 1. Exactly; precisely. 2. 
Nearly; almost; all but. 3. Barely; merely. 
[Fr. juste — L. Justus — jus, law.] 

SYN. Upright; righteous; due; regular; 
proper; exact; impartial; true. ANT. Unjust; 
partial; abnormal; unfair; untrue; inexact. 
JUSTICE (jus'tis), n. 1. Quality of being just; 
impartiality. 2. Retribution. 3. Judge; 
magistrate. [Fr. — L. justitia.] 

SYN. Equity; honesty; right; law; in- 
tegrity; rectitude; desert; propriety. ANT. 
Injustice; partiality; unfairness. 
JUSTICIARY (jus-tish'i-a-ri), I. a. Relating 
to the administration of justice. II. n. Ad- 
ministrator of justice; judge. 
JUSTIFIABLE (jus'ti-fi-a-bl), a. That may be 

justified or defended. 
JUSTIFICATION (jus-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. Vindi- 
cation; absolution; plea of sufficient reason. 

SYN. Apology; defense; exoneration; ex- 
culpation. ANT. Condemnation; censure; 
conviction; inculpation. 
JUSTIFY (jus'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. JUSTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. JUSTIFIED (jus'ti-fid).] 1. 
Prove or show to be just or right; vindicate. 
2. Absolve; exonerate. 3. Adjust, fit, as type 
in the forms. [L. Justus, just, and facio, 
make.] 

In a just manner. 

n» Quality or state of 



JUSTLY (just'li), adv. 
JUSTNESS (just'nes), 
being just. 

SYN. Accuracy; 



correctness; precision. 




Justness is an agreement with certain fixed 
principles ; correctness, conformity to a cer- 
tain standard. See JUSTICE. 

JUT (jut), vi. [pr.p. JUTTING; p.t. and p.p. 
JUTTED.] Project. [Variant of JET.] 

JUT (jut), n. That which juts or projects; pro- 
jection. 

JUTE (jot), n. Fiber of either of two Indian 
plants ( Corchorus 
capsularis or Cor- 
chorus olitorius) re- 
sembling hemp and 
used in the man- 
ufacture of coarse 
bags, mats, etc. 
[Beng. jut — Sans. 
jhat, matted hair.] 

JUTE (jot), n. One" 
of a Low German 
tribe which in the 
fifth century settled 
in the northern part 
of the Danish pro- 
vince of Jutland, 
which took its 
name from them. Jute (Corchorus capsularis). 
They took part in the expedition of the Angles 
and Saxons to England 

JUTKA (jut'ka), n. Two-wheeled covered light 
carriage suitable for mountainous riding in 
East India. [Pers., joot hah, ride high.] 

JUTLAND (jut'land), n. Peninsula, Denmark, 
Area 9,754 sq. m. 

JUTTING (jut'ing), a. Projecting; protruding. 

JUTTY (jut'i), n. [pi. JUT 'TIES.] Projection; 
jetty. 

JUT-WINDOW (jut'win-do), n. Window that 
projects from the line of a building. 

JUVENESCENCE (jo-ve-nes'ens), n. Quality 
or state of being juvenescent. 

JUVENESCENT (jo-ve-nes'ent), a. 1. Growing 
or becoming young. 2. Rejuvenating. [L. 
juvenescens, pr.p. of juvenesco, grow young — 
juvenis, young.] 

JUVENILE (jo've-nil or jo've-nil), I. a. Young; 
pertaining to youth. II. n. 1. Young person; 
youth. 2. Book for young people or children. 
— Juvenile waters, waters which issue from 
the deep-seated magmas, generally charged 
with mineral matter. [L. juvenilis.] 

JUVENILITY (jo-ve-nil'i-ti), n. 1. Youthful- 
ness; youth. 2. Youthful conduct. 

JUXTAPOSE (juks'ta-poz), vt. [pr.p. JUXTA- 
POSING; p.t. and p.p. JUXTAPOSED (juks'- 
ta-pozd).] Place next or near; set side by 
side. 

JUXTAPOSITION (juks-ta-po-zish'un), n. Pla- 
cing or being placed near; contiguity. [L. juxia, 
near, and POSITION.] 

JUXTATERRESTRIAL ( j uks-ta-ter-res'tri-al) , 
a. Near or at close approach to the land ; said 
of aeronautics, submarine navigation* the 
sea-bottom, etc. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
'" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch look 



650 



KANSAS CITY 




k (ka), n. [pZ.K'S (kaz).] Eleventh 
letter and eighth consonant of 
the English alphabet. It has 
one uniform sound, hard in 
keen, kill, kind, check, seek, 
strike, hawk. Before n it is 
silent, as in knave, knee, knife, 
knot. 
KaABA (ka'ba), n. Most sacred 
shrine of the Mohammedans, erected in the 
Great Mosque at Mecca, and containing the 
sacred black stone, said to have fallen from 
heaven. [Ar. ka'b, cube.] 
KABUL (ka-bol'), n. City, capital of Afghanis- 
tan, on Kabul River. 
KABYLE (ka-bil), n. One 
of a Berber race in the 
mountains of Algeria. [Ar. 
qabail, horde.] 
KaCHA (ka'cha), n. Hind. 
Myth. One of the Brahman 
gods, a disciple of Buddha, 
who, after having been re- 
generated three times, gave 
the law to the Brahmans 
that they be prohibited 
from the use of wine. 
KADI (ka'di or ka'di), n. 
countries. [Ar. qadi.] 
KAFFEEKLATSCH 
klach), n. Term 
among the Germans 




Kabyle. 
Judge in Mohammedan 




» 
» 



(ka'fa- 

applied 

to the 

afternoon repast consisting of 

coffee, tea, cakes, etc. [Ger. 

kaffee, coffee, and klatsch — 

klatschen, chat.] 
KAFFIR (kaf'er), n. I. Same 

as KAFIR. 2. Kaffir corn. 
KAFFIR CORN (kaf'er karn). 

African or Indian millet, an- 
nual cane-like cereal bearing 

a dense head of spikelets, with 

small corn-like seeds. The dry 

stocks and leaves are used for 

fodder and the seeds as a cereal 

— regarded by some as a per- 
fect substitute for Indian corn; 

In the West Indies it is called guinea corn. 
KAFFIR-THORN (kaf'er-tharn), n. Bot. Shrub- 
like plant found in South 

Africa ( Licium Afrum), 

the leaves of which are 

used to make tea. The 

plant itself is covered with 

thorns whence its name 

originates. 

Kafir, Kaffir (kaf 'er),n. 

Member of a deep-brown 

colored race inhabiting the 

region in South Africa 

formerly known as Kaf- 

f raria, now divided between Cape Colony, Natal 

and Zululand. [Ar. kafir, unbeliever.] 



Head of Kaffir 
Corn (Sorghum 
vulgare). 




Kafir. 



KAFTAN (kaftan), n. Long vest with long 
sleeves and a girdle, worn in eastern countries. 

KAIAK, KAYAK (ka'yak), n. Seal-skin canoe 
or fishing boat. [Eskimo.] 

KAINSI (ka-in'si), n. Zool, Hottentot name 
for KLIPSPRINGER. 

KAISER (ki'zer), n. Title of German Emperor 
since 1871. [Ger. — L. Ccesar, Caesar.] 

KALAMEIN (kara-mln), n. Alloy of antimony, 
bismuth, lead, nickel, and tin, used instead of 
zinc for galvanizing iron. [Trade name.] 

KALE (kal), n. Cabbage with open, curled 
leaves. [Variant of COLE.] 

KALEIDOSCOPE (ka-li'do-skop), n. Optical 
toy exhibiting an endless variety of beautiful 
colors and forms. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, eidos, 
form, and skopeo, see.] 

KALEIDOSCOPIC (ka-li-do-skop'ik), o. 1. 
Pertaining to the kaleidoscope. 2. Variegated. 

KALI (ka'le), n. Hind. Myth. An evil genius, 
bloody consort of the destroyer Shiva, one of 
the Hindu triad. She is supposed to be the 
destroyer of Time. 

KALI (ka'li), n. 1. Glasswort, a plant, the 
ashes of which are used in making glass. 2. 
Potash.. [See ALKALI.] 

KALITJM (ka'li-um), n. Po- 
tassium. [L. L.] 

Kalmuck, Calmuck 

(kal'muk), n. Member or 
language of a Mongolian 
race scattered throughout 
Central Asia, and extend- 
ing West into Southern 
Russia. [Russ. kalmuiku.] 

Kamchatka (kam-chaf- 

ka), w. Peninsula, E. Si- 
beria. Area 465,637 sq. m. 

KAMERUN (ka-me-ron'), n. 
German possession, W. Africa, 
sq. m. 

KAMI (ka'mi), n.pl. 1. Gods of the first myth- 
ical dynasty of Japan ; demigods of the second 
dynasty; mikados or members of imperial 
family; deified persons. 
2. Japanese princes and 
governors. [Jap. superior.] 

KANAKA (ka-na'ka), n. 
Native of the Hawaiian 
islands; Hawaiian. 

Kandahar (kan-da- 

har'), n. City, capital of 

southern Afghanistan. 
KANGAROO (kang-ga-ro'H 

n. Australian quadruped, 

noted for the length of its 

hind legs and its power of 

leaping. [Native name.] 
KANSAS (kan'sas), n. One Kangaroo (Macropus 

of the United States. giganteus). 

Area 82,080 sq. m. Capital, Topeka. 
KANSAS ClTY. I. City, Missouri, on S. bank 

of the Missouri River. 2. Largest city of 




Kalmuck. 
Area 180,000 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
<i=v in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



KAOLIN 



651 



KELP 



Kansas, on Missouri River, opposite Kansas 
City, Mo. 
KAOLIN (ka'o-lin), n. White clay, chief in- 
gredient of porcelain. [Chin.] 
KAPOK (ka-pok')» n. Bot. Tree of the family 
Bombacece, found in Poly- 
nesia and some of the 
West Indies and Span- 
ish tropical America. The 
wood is soft and white 
and the tree bears flowers 
of a silky floss which is 
used for stuffing pillows 
and mattresses, but the 
floss cannot be spun. 
Known in the British 
West Indies as silk-cotton 
tree, 

KARMA (kar'ma), n. 1. 
Buddhism. Condition 
after death, determined 
by acts in this world. 2. 
Theos. Doctrine of fate* 
3. Inevitable conse- 
quence. [Sans., act.] 

KATSUP. See CATCHUP. 

Kattegat (kat'e-gat), n. 

^Sea passage between 

Sweden and Jutland. 

Width 85 m. 
KATYDID (ka'ti-did), n. 

Pale-green insect, allied 

to the grasshopper. [From 

its song.] 
KAYAK (ka'yak), n. Same 

as KAIAK. 
KAZOO (ka-zo'), n. Wooden tube with a 

vibrating piece within it, which, when one 

sings into the tube, gives out the sound of a 

musical instrument; called also zobo. 
KECK (kek), vi. [pr.p. KECKING; p.t. and p.p. 

KECKED (kekt).] Heave the stomach; retch. 
KECKLE (kek'l), vt. [pr.p. HECKLING; p.t. 

and p.p. KECKLED (kek'ld).] Wind with 

old rope, to protect from chafing. 
KeDERLI (ke'der-li), n. The St. George of 

Mohammedan mythology. 
KEDGE (kej), n. Small anchor for keeping a 

ship steady and for warping the ship. [Ice. 

kaggi, cask fixed to an anchor as a buoy.] 
KEDGE (kej), vt. [pr.p. KEDG'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. KEDGED (kejd).] Move by means of a 

kedge; warp. 
KEEL (kel), n. 1. Part of a ship extending along 

the bottom from stem to stern, and supporting 

the whole frame. 2. Low, flat-bottomed boat. 

[A. S. ceol, ship.] 
KEEL (kel), v. [pr.p. KEEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

KEELED (keld).] I. vt. 1. Furnish with a 

keel. 2. Plow with a keel; navigate. II. vi. 

Turn keel upwards. — Keel over, tumble over; 

capsize; upset. 
KEELHAUL (kel'hal), vt. pr.p. KEEL'HAUL- 




Kapok (Ceiba 
petandra). 



ING; p.t. and p.p. KEELHAULED (kel'hald).] 
1. Punish by hauling under the keel of a ship 
by ropes from the one side to the other. 2. 
Reprimand in a galling manner. 
KEELSON, KELSON (kel'sun), n. Inner keel 
placed right over the outer keel of a ship. 
[Norw. kjolsvill, keel-sill.] 
KEEN (ken), a. Sharp; piercing; penetrating; 
eager. [A. S. cene — Ger. kuehn, bold.] 

SYN. Cutting; severe; prompt; bitter; 
shrewd; fierce; vehement; acute. ANT. 
Indifferent; languid; blunt; dull. 
KEENLY (ken'li), adv. In a keen manner. 
KEENNESS (ken'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being keen. 
KEEP (kep), v. [pr.p. KEEPING; p.t. and p.p. 
KEPT.] I. vt. 1. Have the care of; guard; 
maintain. 2. Have in one's service. 3. Re- 
main in; adhere to; fulfill. 4. Not lose; main- 
tain hold upon. 5. Restrain from departure. 
6. Preserve. 7. Carry on; conduct. 8. Carry 
a supply of for sale. 9. Observe. 10. Practice. 
II. vi. Remain; last. [A. S. cepan, keep.] 

SYN. Hold; restrain; retain; detain; 
tend; support; conduct; continue; obey; 
haunt; celebrate; carry. ANT. Release; 
dismiss; abandon; divulge; discard; trans- 
gress; forsake; desert. 
KEEP (kep), n. 1. That which keeps or protects. 
2. Donjon; stronghold; dungeon. 3. Support; 
board; maintenance. 
KEEPER (kep er), n. 1. One who preserves or 
cares for; caretaker; custodian; guardian. 
2. Protector. 3. Owner or controller. 
KEEPING (kep'ing), n. 1. Custody; charge. 
2. Harmony; consistency. 3. Maintenance. 
KEEPSAKE (kep'sak, n. Token indicative of 
love, friendship, remembrance, etc.; souvenir. 
KEG (keg), n. Small cask or barrel. [Ice. kaggi.] 
KELP (kelp), n. Bot. Species of seaweed 
found at various 
depths in the salt 
waters of the seas 
and oceans. Its 
ashes when burnt 
are used in the 
manufacture of io- 
dine. The Great 
Kelp and Bull- 
head Kelp found 
on the Pacific coast 
of the United 
States often at- 
tain a length of 
500 or 600 feet. 
The globular bub- 
bles found in the 
leaves serve to en- 
able the plant to 
float near the sur- 
face of the water. 
Kelp also forms a 
large proportion of the sea vegetation that is 




Kelp. 



1. Macrocystis pyrifera or Great 
Kelp. (Portion of plant only.) 

2. Nereocystis Luetkeana or Bull- 
head Kelp. (Photographed from 
nature.) 



fate 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/& in Scotch loch. 



KELPIE 



652 



KHEDIVE 



found in the Sargossa Sea. [Ice. kilpr, loop or 
trap.] 

KELPIE, KELPY (kel'pi), w. Water-sprite in 
the form -of a horse. [Sc.] 

KELT (kelt), n. Same as CELT. 

KEN (ken), vt. [pr.p. KENNING; p.U and p.p. 
KENNED (kend).] Know; recognize at a 
distance. [A. S. ccnnan, teach, tell.] 

KEN (ken), n. An Egyptian goddess similar to 
the Roman Venus. She is represented as 
standing on a lion, and holding two serpents 
in one hand and a flower in the other. 

KEN (ken), n. Range of knowledge or sight. 

KENNEBECK (ken-e-bek'), n. River, Maine, 
rises in 3Ioosehead Lake, falls into Atlantic. 

KENNEL (ken'el), n. 1. House for dogs. 2. 
Pack of hounds. 3. Hole of a fox, etc. 
[Norm. Fr. kenil — L. L. canile — canis, dog.] 

KENNEL (ken'el), v. [pr.p. KEN'NELING; p.t. 
and p.p. KENNELED (ken'eld).] I. vt. Keep 
in a kennel. II. vi. Live in a kennel. 

KENNEL (ken'el), n. Channel; gutter. [Form 
of CANAL,.] 

KENO (ke'no), n. Game similar to lotto. 

KENTUCKY (ken-tuk'i), n. One of the U. S. 
Area 40,400 sq. m. Capital, Frankfort. 

KEPT (kept), v. Past tense and past participle 
of KEEP. 

KERATOL (ker'a-tol), n. Durable and washable 
imitation leather, used for bookbindings and 
other purposes. [Trade name.] 

KERCHIEF (ker'chif), n. Square or oblong piece 
of cloth to cover the head or neck. [Fr. cover" 
chef — covur, cover, and chef, head.] 

KERITE (ke'rit), n. Artificial vulcanite of india- 
rubber and animal or vegetable oil, used for 
insulating. [Gr. keros, wax.] 

KERMES (ker'mez), n. Deep red dye-stuff con- 
sisting of the dried bodies of insects of the 
species coccus. 

KERMESS, KIRMESS (ker'mes), n. 1. Outdoor 
European annual festival and fair. 2. In the 
United States, any indoor imitation of the 
European kermess. [0. Dan. kirchmesse, 
"church ale," signifying a gift.] 

KERNEL (ker'nel), n. Substance in the shell of 
a nut; seed of a pulpy 
fruit; core. [A. S. cyrnel, 
dim. of corny grain.] 

KEROSENE (ker'o-sen), n. 
Illuminating oil obtained 
from petroleum. [Gr. Jceros, 
wax.] 
KliKSEY (ker'zi), n. [pi. 
KER'SEYS.] Coarse wool- 
en cloth. [Named from &*■*>/ 
Kersey in Suffolk, Eng.] 

KERSEYMERE (ker'zi- 

mer), n. Twilled cloth of Kernel of Corn, 
the finest wool. [Corrup. of CASSIMERE.] 

KESTREL fkes'trel), n. Small European hawk. 
KET(ket),n. Carrion; filth. [Ice. kjot.] 

KETCHUP, n. Same as CATCHUP. 





Kettledrum. 



KETTLE (ket'l), n. Vessel of metal, for heat- 
ing or boiling liquids. [A. S. cetel — L. catillus.] 

KETTLEDRUM (ket'1-drum), n. Drum made 
of a metal vessel 
like a kettle, and 
covered with parch- 
ment. 

KE Y (ke),n. [pi. KEYS 
(kez).] 1. Instru- 
ment for shooting 
the bolt of a lock. 2. 
That by which some- 
thing is screwed or 
turned. 3. Small 
lever in musical in- 
struments for pro- 
ducing notes. 4. 
Fundamental note 
of a piece of music. 
5. That which ex- 
plains or makes clear 
something difficult or obscure. 6. Book con- 
taining answers to exercises, etc. 7. That 
which gives power or control over a place or 
position. 8. Wedging piece. [A. S. cceg, key.] 

KEY (ke), vt. [pr.p. KEYING; p.t. and p.p. 
KEYED (ked).] 1. Fasten with a key or 
wedging piece. 2. Tune with a key; regu- 
late the pitch or tone of. 

KEY (ke), n. [pi. KEYS (kez).] Low island 
near the coast. [Sp. cayo; probably from O. 
Fr. caye (Fr. quai), quay.] 

KEYBOARD (ke'bord), n. 1. The keys or levers 
in a piano or organ arranged along a flat 
board. 2. Device arranged with keys or other 
appropriate apparatus wherewith to operate 
the mechanism of typewriters, type-setting 
machines, telegraph instruments, etc. 

KEYHOLE (ke'hol), n. Hole or orifice arranged 
so as to admit a key in a lock. 

KEYNOTE (ke'not), n. 1. Music, Note or tone 
indicative of the clef in which music is to be 
rendered. 2. Leading principle, thought or 
idea from which the course of action is 
shaped. 

KEYSTONE (ke'ston), n. 
Wedge-shaped stone at 
the apex of an arch. 

Key WEST. Seaport and Keystone, 

island, Florida, on Gulf of Mexico. 

KHAKI (ka'ki), I. a. Dust-colored. II. n. 
Light tan or drab cloth, first used for the uni- 
forms of some East Indian troops. [Hind. 
khaki, dusty.] 

KHAN (kaa), w. Prince; chief ; governor. [Pers. 
khan, prince.] 

KHAN (kan), n. Caravansary. [Pers. khana.] 

KHARKOV (kar'kov), n. Capital of Kharkov 
government, Russia. 

Khartoum, Khartum (kar-tomo, n. 

Town, E. Soudan, on the Blue Nile. 
KHEDIVE (ked-ev'), n. Title of the viceroy of 
Egypt. [Pers. khidiv, sovereign.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, \ah~ch in Scotch loch. ' 



KHORASSAN 



653 



KIND 



KHORASSAN (ko-ra-san'), n. Largest province 
of Persia. Area 140,000 sq. m. 

KiA-ChAU (ke-ow-chow'), n. Seaport and dis- 
trict, Shantung province, China, leased to 
Germany, 1898. Area 200 sq. m. 

KIBE (kib), n. Chilblain. [Wei. cibi, knob.] 

KIBOSH (ki-bosh'), n. 1. Indefinite and, at 
times, meaningless expression of contempt 
or anger. 2. Proper thing to do. 3. Wind up 
or finishing touches. (Colloq.) 

KICK (kik), v. [pr.p. KICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
KICKED (kikt).] I. vt. 1. Hit with the foot. 2. 
Strike in recoil, as a gun. II. vi. 1. Thrust 
out the foot with violence. 2. Show opposi- 
tion. 3. Recoil. [Wei. cicio, kick.] 

KICK (kik), w. 1. Act of kicking; blow with 
the foot. 2. Recoil of a firearm. 3. Protest. 

KICKER (kik'er), n. One who kicks. 

KID (kid), I. a. Made of leather from the skin 
of a kid. II. n. 1. Young goat. 2. Leather 
made of the skin of a kid, or, in the plural, 
gloves or shoes made of the leather. 3. 
Young child or infant. (Colloq.) 4. Likely 
youth or attractive girl. (Slang.) [Ice. kidh.] 

KIDNAP (kid'nap), vt. [pr.p. KID'NAPING; p.t. 
and p.p. KIDNAPED (kid'napt).] Carry off (a 
human being) clandestinely. [From KID, 
child (thieves' slang), and NAB, snatch.] 

KIDNAPER (kid'nap-er), n. One who kidnaps. 

KIDNEY (kid'ni), 
n. [pi. KIDNEYS 
(kid'niz).] 1. 
One of two flat- 
tened glands, on 
each side of the 
loins which se- '0 - 
crete the urine. 

2. Sort; kind. & 
[M. E. kidnere, — 
A. S. cwid, belly, 
and Ice. nyra 
(Ger. niere).~\ 

KIDNEY-BEAN 
(kid'ni-ben), n. 
French bean; 
haricot; large 
bean, so called 
from its shape. 

Kieff, Kiev, (k§- 

yef), n. Town, 
Russia, on the 
Dnieper River. 

KlEL (kel), n. Naval station, Schleswig-Hol- 
stein, Frussia, on Baltic Sea. 

KILKENNY (kil-ken'i), n. Capital of county of 
the same name, Ireland. 

KILL (kil), vt. [pr.p. KILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
KILLED (kild).] 1. Put to death; slay; slaugh- 
ter. 2. Deprive of life, animal or vegetable. 

3. Destroy; neutralize; deaden; still. 4. Re- 
ject; suppress; discard. 5, Overcome; fasci- 
nate. [Ice. kolla, hit on the head — kollr, head.] 

SYN. Murder; assassinate; despatch; 




Kidney. 

1. Renal artery. 2. Renal vein. 3. 
Cavity of Pelvis. 4. Infundis. 5. 
Ureter. 6. Calyx. 7-11. Columns of 
Bertin- 8-10. Medullary pyramids. 
9. Cortex. 



massacre; slaughter; butcher; execute; 
electrocute; hang; guillotine; immolate. 
Kill is the general word; murder is killing 
unlawfully with malice; assassination, kill- 
ing by surprise. ANT. Revivify; resus- 
citate; vivify; reanimate; revive. 

KILLABLE (kil'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being 
killed. 2. Fit for killing. 

KlLLARNEY (kil-lar'ni), LAKES OF. In 
County Kerry, Ireland. 

KILLDEE (kil'de), KILLDEER (kil'der), n. 
Large American ring-plover. [From its note.] 

KILLER (kil'er), n. One who kills; butcher; 
person in slaughterhouse who does the actual 
killing of animals. 

KILLING (kiling), w. 1. Act of slaying. 2, 
Slaughter of animals in an abattoir. 

KILLJOY (kil'jol), n. One who or that which 
destroys pleasure. 

KILN (kil), w. Oven in which grain, bricks, etc., 
are dried. [A. S. cyln — L. culina, kitchen.] 

KILN-DRY (kil'dri), vt. [pr.p. KILN'DRYING: 
p.t. and p.p. KILNDRIED (kil'drid).] Dry in 
a kiln. 

KILOGRAM, KILOGRAMME (kil'o-gram), n. 
Metric measure of weight=l,000 grammes, 
or 2.2 lbs. avoirdupois. [Fr. — Gr. chilioi, 
1,000, and GRAMME.] 

KILOLITER (kilo-le-ter), n. Metric measure 
of capacity =1,000 liters, or 264.18 American 
gallons. [Fr. — Gr. chilioi, 1,000, and litra, 
pound.] 

KILOMETER (kil'o-me-ter), n. Metric measure 
of length, being 1,000 meters =flve-eighths of 
a mile less 19 feet 2 inches. [Fr. — Gr. chilioi, 
1,000, and METER.] 

KILOSTERE (kil'o-ster), w. Metric measure of 
volume=l,000 cubic meters, or 35,315 Amer- 
ican cubic feet. [Fr. — Gr. chilioi, 1,000, and 
stereos, solid.] 

KILOWATT (kil'o-wot), n. One thousand watts. 
[See WATT.] 

KILT (kilt), vt. [pr.p. KILT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
KILT'ED.] 1. Make broad, overlapping plaits 
in. 2. Tuck up; truss up. [Dan. kilte.] 

KILT (kilt), n. Kind of short skirt, worn by the 
Highlandmen of Scotland. 

KILTED (kilted), a. 1. Plaited by kilting. 2. 
Wearing or dressed in a kilt. 

KILTIE (kilt'i), n. Person wearing a kilt. [8c] 

KILTING (kilt'ing), n. Flat, close plaiting like 
that of a Scotch kilt. 

KlMBERLEY (kim'ber-li), n. Capital of Gri- 
qualand West, Cape Colony, South Africa. 

KIMONO (ki-mo'no) n. [pi. KIMO'NOS.] Japa- 
nese garment for both sexes,resembling a lady's 
dressing gown, fastening with a sash. [Jap.] 

KIN (kin), n. 1. Relatives. 2. Relationship; 
affinity. [A. S. cyn. See KIND.] 

KIND (kind), a. Disposed to do good to others; 
benevolent. [A. S. cynd, born, natural.] 

SYN. Sympathetic; humane; generous; 
forbearing; gentle; tractable; benign; ten- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
'" u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



KIND 



654 



KINK 



der; Indulgent; clement; lenient; benefi- 
cent. ANT. Unkind; harsh; severe; cruel; 
hard. 

KIM) (kind), n. 1. Particular variety; sort; 
species. 2. Nature; description; style; char- 
acter. [A. S. cynd, gecynd, nature.] 

KINDERGARTEN (kin'der-gar-tn), n. School 
for very young children. [Ger., garden of 
children.] 

KINDLE (kin'dl),n. [pr.p. KINDLING; p.t. and 
p.p. KINDLED (kin'dld).] I. vt. 1. Set fire 
to; light. 2. Inflame, as the passions; excite. 
II. vi. 1. Take fire. 2. Begin to be excited 
or aroused. [Ice. kynda, set fire to — kyndill, 
torch. Akin to CANDLE.] 

SYN. Ignite; rouse; incite; excite. ANT. 
Extinguish; suppress; quench; allay. 

KINDLER (kin'dler), n. One who or that which 
kindles. 

KINDLINESS (kind'li-nes), ». Quality or state 
of being kind; kindly disposition. 

KINDLING (kin'dling), n. Act of causing to 
burn. 2. Material for starting a fire. 

KINDLY (kind'li), adv. 1. In a kind manner; 
with kindness or good-will. 2. Favorably. 

KINDLY (kind'li), a. [comp. KINDLIER; superl. 
KIND'LIEST.] 1. Tender-hearted; kind; sym- 
pathetic; benevolent; humane. 2. Favorable; 
refreshing. 

KINDRED (kin'dred), n. 1. Relationship. 2. 
Collectively, relatives; kinsfolk; kin. [A. S. 
cynn, kin, and -rceden, mode or state.] 

SYN. Affinity; consanguinity; relation- 
ship. Kindred is the general word. Relation- 
ship applies to particular families; affinity 
is a close relationship; consanguinity is be- 
tween persons descended directly from the 
same relations. 

KINDRED (kin'dred), a. Related; congenial. 

KINE (kin), n.pl. Cows. [A. S. cy, pi. of cu, 
cow.] 

KINEMATIC (kin-e-mat'ik), KINEMATICAL 
(kin-e-mat'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to 
kinematics. 

KINEMATICS (kin-e-mat'iks), n. Science of 
pure motion without reference to mass. [Gr. 
klnema, motion — kineo, move.] 

KINEOGRAPH (kin'e-o-graf), n. A motion 
picture, as produced by the kinetograph, and 
shown by the biograph. [Gr. kinema, motion, 
and graphd, write.] 

KINESTHESIA (kin-es-the'si-a), n. Intuitive 
awareness of one's own bodily positions or 
movements. [Gr. kinesis, movement, and 
aisthisis, perception.] 

KINESTHETIC (kin-es-thet'ik), a. Pertaining 
to kinesthesia. 

KINETIC (kl-net'ik), a. 1. Imparting motion; 
motor. 2. Active; opposed to LATENT or 
POTENTIAL. 

KINETICS (ki-net'iks), n. Science of motion 
viewed with reference to its causes. [Gr. 
kinetikos, putting in motion — kineo, move.] 



KINETOGRAPH (ki-ne'to-graf), n. Device for 
taking and reproducing pictures of moving 
objects. [Gr. kinetos, moving, and grapho, 
write.] 

KINETOSCOPE (ki-ne'to-skop), n. Apparatus 
for exhibiting pictures of objects in motion. 
[Gr. kinetos, moving, and skoped, watch, view.] 

KING (king), n. 1. Chief ruler of a kingdom; 
monarch. 2. Playing card having the picture 
of a king. 3. Most important piece in chess. 
[A. S. cyning — cyn, tribe, kin.] 

KINGBIRD (king'berd), n. Small American 
bird of the genus Tyrannus, so called from 
Its courage in attacking larger birds. 

KING-BOLT (king'bolt), n. Iron bolt fastening 
the front axle to the wagon. 

KING-CRAB (king'krab), n. Horseshoe crab. 

KINGCRAFT (king'kraft), n. Art of governing, 
mostly in a bad sense. 

KINGDOM (king'dum), n. 1. Territory or do- 
minion of a king. 2. One of the three grand 
divisions in nat- 
ural history, the 
animal, vegeta- 
ble, or mineral. 

KING-EIDER 
(king-I'der), n. 
Ornith. Sea- 
duck abounding 
in the waters 
of the Northern 
Atlantic Ocean, 
where it lives on 
seaweed, being 
rarely found on 
land. 

KINGFISHER (king'fish-er), n. 
brilliant plumage, 
which feeds on fish, 
and darts vertically 
upon its prey; hal- 
cyon. 

KINGLINESS (king'- 
li-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being 
kingly. 

KINGLY (kingii), I. a. Belonging or suitable 
to a king; royal; noble. II. adv. As becoming 
a king; like a king; royally. 

KINGPOST (king'post), n. Post resting on 
the middle of tie-beam and upholding the 
rafters. 

KING'S EVIL (kingz e'vl). Scrofulous disease 
or evil formerly supposed Jo be healed by the 
touch of a king. 

KING-VULTURE (king'vul-tur), n. Large trop- 
ical brilliantly-colored American vulture (Gyp- 
archus papa). 

KINK (kingk), n. Sharp bend in a rope, cable 
wire, string, etc. [Norw.] 

KINK (kingk), v. [pr.p. KINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
KINKED (kingkt).] I. vt. Twist into a kink 
or kinks. II. vi. Twist or run into kinks. 




King-eider (Somateria 
spectabilis). 



Bird with very 




European Kingfisher 
(Alcedo ispida). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, but, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



KINKAJOTJ 



655 



KNEAD 




Domesticated Kinkajou (Cer- 
coleptes caudivolvulus) . 



rela- 



One 



KINKAJOU (king'ka-jo), n. South American 
quadruped allied to 
the raccoon. It is of a 
yellowish-brown color 
and has a long pre- 
hensile tail. Occasion- 
ally tamed as a pet. 

KINKY(kingk'i),a. Full 
of or abounding in 
kinks. 

KINNIKINICK, KINNI- 
KINIC (kin-i- 
ki-nik'), n. 
Leaves of su- 
mac and wil- 
low, dried and 
cured, and 
mixed with to- 
bacco for smo- 
king purposes. 
[Am. Ind.] 

KINO (ke'no), n. Astringent vegetable exudation 
resembling catechu. [East Indian.] 

KINODROME (kin'o-drom), n. Apparatus by 
which moving pictures are exhibited. [Gr. 
kinemos, movement, and dromos, run.] 

KINSFOLK (kinz'fok), n. Relatives. 

KINSHIP (kin'ship), n. Consanguinity: 
tionship. 

KINSMAN (kinz'man), n. [pi. KINS'MEN.] 

\ related by blood ; relative. 

KINSWOMAN (kinz'wom-an), w. [pi. KINS- 
WOMEN (kinz'wim-en).] Female relative. 

KIOSK (ki-osk'), n. Eastern garden pavilion. 
[Turk, kushk.] 

KIP (kip), n. Leather of a grade between calf 
and cowhide. [Etym. doubtful.] 

KIPPER (kip'er), n. Salmon or herring split 
open, seasoned, and dried. [Norw. kippa.] 

KIPPER (kip'er), vt. [pr.p. KIP'PERING; p.t. 
and p.p. KIPPERED (kip'erd).] Cure, as sal- 
mon or herring, by splitting open and drying. 

KIRK (kerk), n. Scotch name given to the word 
CHURCH. 

KIRMESS, n. See KERMESS. 

KIRTLE (ker'tl), n. Shift or short undergarment 
for women. [A. S. cyrtel, kirtle.] 

KISMET (kis'met), n. Fate; destiny. [Turk. 
quismet.] 

KISS (kis), v. [pr.p. KISS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
KISSED (kist).] I. vt. Salute or caress by 
touching with the lips; touch gently. II. vi. 
Join lips in a kiss. [A. S. cyssan.] 

KISS (kis) n. 1. Salutation given by the lips. 2. 
Gentle touch. 3. Kind of confection. ]A. 
S. coss.] 

KISSER (kis'er), n. One who kisses. 

KISSING-RUG (kis'ing-bug), n. Small black 
bug having a long, sharp beak. 

KlSSINGEN (kis'ing-en), n. Watering place, 
Ravaria, on the Saale. 

KIT (kit), n. 1. Small wooden tub. 2. Outfit. 
[Dut., hooped beer can.] 



KIT (kit), n. 1. Small violin. 2. Guitar. [Con- 
tracted from A. S. cytere, guitar.] 

KIT (kit), n» Abbreviated appellation for a kitten. 

KITCHEN (kich'en), n. Room where food is 
cooked. [A. S. cycen — L. coquina — coquo, 
cook.] 

KITCHEN-GARDEN (kich'en-gar-dn), n. Gar- 
den where vegetables are cultivated for the 
kitchen. 

KITE (kit), n. 1. Rapacious bird of the hawk 
kind. 2. Light frame covered with paper or 
cloth, for flying at the end of a string. [A. S. 
cyta.] 

KITH (kith), n. Kindred; relatives; close 
friends; used generally in the phrase kith 
and kin. 

KITTEN (kit'n), n. Young cat. Same as KIT 
and KITTY. 

KITTY (kit'i), n. 1. Same as KITTEN. 2. In 
playing games at cards, a fund contributed 
by each player at certain intervals, to pay the 
current expenses of maintaining the game. 

KLEIDOGRAPH (kll'do-graf,, n. Typewriting 
machine for printing embossed letters and 
signs, for use of the blind. 

KLEPTOMANIA (klep-to-mani-a), n. Mania 
for stealing. [Gr. klepto, steal, and MANIA.] 

KLEPTOMANIAC (klep-to-mani-ak), n. One 
affected with kleptomania. 

KLIPROK (klip'bok), n. Zool. Roer name for 
KLIPSPRINGER. 

KLIPSPRINGER (klip'spring-er), n. Small 
South African ante- 
lope, whose flesh is 
highly esteemed for 
food; sometimes 
called kainsi or 
klipbok. 

KNACK (nak), n. 
Trick of doing a 
thing cleverly; fa- 
cility of perform- 
ance; dexterity. 
[Cf. Ger. knacken, crack.] 

KNAPSACK (nap'sak), n. Provision-sack; case 
for necessaries borne by soldiers and travelers. 
[Dut. knappen, eat, and zak, sack.] 

KNAVE (nav), n. 1. Deceitful fellow. 2. Play- 
ing card bearing the picture of a servant or 
soldier; jack. [A. S. cnafa, cnapa, boy, youth.] 

SYN. Rascal; scoundrel; villain. ANT. 
Gentleman. 

KNAVERY (na'ver-i), n. [pi. KNA'VERIES.] 
Dishonesty; roguery; fraud. 

KNAVISH (na'vish), a. 1. Dishonest. 2. Mis- 
chievous; waggish; roguish. 

KNAVISHLY (na'vish-li), adv. In a knavish 
manner. 

KNAVISHNESS (na'vish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being knavish. 

KNEAD (ned), vt. [pr.p. KNEADING; p.t. and 
p.p. KNEAD'ED.] Work and press together 
into a mass, as flour into dough. [A. S. cnedan.] 




Klipspringer (Oreotragus 
saltatrix) . 



ffite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



KNEADER 



656 



KNOWING 



KNEADEK (ned'er), n. One who kneads. 

KNEE (nc), n. 1. Joint between the thigh 
and shin bones. 2. Piece of timber like a 
bent knee. [A. S. cncow.] 

KNEE-BREECHES (ne'brich-cz), n. pi. Breech- 
es which reach only to, or just below, the 
knees. 

KNEE-CAP (ne'kap), n. Anat. Bone protru- 
ding from knee joint; patella. 

KNEE-DEEP (ne'dep), a. Reaching the knee 
in depth. 

KNEE-HIGH (ne'hi), a. Reaching to the height 
of the knee. 

KNEEL (nel), vi. [pr.p. KNEELING; p.t. and 
p.p. KNELT (nelt) or KNEELED (neld).} Rest 
or fall on the knees or knee. 

KNELL (nel), vi. [pr.p. KNELL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. KNELLED (neld).] Sound, as a bell; toll. 
[A. S. cnyllan, beat noisily.] 

KNELL (nel), n. Sound of a tolling bell; evil 
omen. 

KNEW (nu), v. Past tense of KNOW. 

KNICKERBOCKERS (nik'er-bok-erz), n.pl. 
Loose knee-breeches gathered in just below 
the knee. [From the wide-breeched Dutch- 
men in "Knickerbocker's" (Washington Ir- 
ving's) humorous history of New York.] 

KNICKKNACK (nik'nak), n. Trifle; trinket; 
toy. [A doubling of KNACK.] 

KNIFE (nif), n. [pi. KNIVES (nivz).] Instru- 
ment with blade, or blades for cutting. [A. S. 
cnlf; Ger. kneif — kneifen, nip.] 

KNIGHT (nit), n. 1. One admitted in feudal 
times to a certain military 
rank. 2. In England, the 
holder of a title next below 
baronet. 3. Cham- 
Piece used in game 
[A. S. cniht, boy — 




that of 
pion. 4. 
of chess. 
cyn, kin.] 

KNIGHT(nit),tt. [nr.n.KNIGHT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. KNIGHT'- 
ED.] Confer order of knight- 
hood upon ; make a knight of. Knight, 12th 

KNIGHT-ERRANT (nit-er'ant), Century. 

n. [pi. KNIGHTS-ERRANT.] Knight who 
traveled in search of adventure. 

KNIGHT-ERRANTRY (nit-er'ant-ri), n. Cus- 
toms and practices of the knight-errant. 

KNIGHTHOOD (nit'hod), n. 1. Character or 
privilege of a knight. 2. Order or fraternity 
of knights. 

KNIGHTLY (nit II), a. Pertaining to a knight; 
chivalrous. 

KNIT (nit), v. [pr.p. KNITTING; p.t. and p.p. 
KMT or KNITTED.] I. vt. 1. Unite into 
network by needles. 2. Cause to grow togeth- 
er; unite closely; contract. II. vi. 1. Make 
a fabric by interweaving yarn with needles. 
I. Unite closely; grow together. [A. S. cnyttan 
— cnottan, knot.] 

KNITTER (niter), n. 1. One who knits. 2. 
Knitting-machine. 



Work of a knitter. 
Network formed by 



round 



KNITTING (nit'ing), n. 1. 

2. Union; junction. 3. 
knitting. 

KNIVES (nivz), n. Plural of KND7E. 

KNOB (nob), n. Hard protuberance; 
handle. [A. S. cnoop.] 

KNOBBED (nobd), a. Containing or set with 
knobs. 

KNOBBINESS (nob'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being knobby. 

KNOBBY (nob'i), a. 1. Full of or covered with 
knobs. 2. Covered with small hills or knolls. 

KNOCK (nok), v. [pr.p. KNOCKING; p.t. and 
p.p. KNOCKED (nokt).] I. vt. 1. Strike 
with something hard or heavy. 2. Drive 
against. 3. Backbite. (Colloq.) II. vi. Rap 
upon a door for admittance. [A. S. cnucian.] 

KNOCK (nok), n. 1. Sudden stroke; rap. 

KNOCKER (nok'er), n. Hammer attached to a 
door for making a knock. 2. Backbiter. 

KNOCK-KNEED (nok'ned), a. Having knees 
that knock or touch in walking. 

KNOCKOUT (nok'owt), n. In pugilism a blow 
that precludes one from further fighting; 
quietus. 

KNOCKOUT (nok'owt), a. Effectively crushing; 
causing one to be completely defeated and 
incapacitated. 

KNOLL (nol), n. Round hillock; top of a hill. 
[A. S. cnol, jump.] 

KNOT (not), n. 1. Interlacement of parts of a 
cord or cords. 2. Bond of union. 3. Diffi- 
culty. 4. Cluster. 5. Part of a tree where a 
branch shoots out. 6. Division of the log- 
line; nautical mile. [A. S. cnotta.] 

KNOT (not), v. [pr.p. KNOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
KNOTTED.] I. vt. 1. Tie in a knot. 2. 
Fasten as with a knot. II. vi. 1. Form 
knots or joints. 2. Gather in a knot or knots. 

3. Knit knots for fringe. 

KNOTTED (not'ed), a. Having knots. 

KNOTTER (noter), n. Mad. Device so ar- 
ranged as to make knots automatically. 

KNOTTINESS (noti-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being knotty. 

KNOTTY (not'i), a. 1. Containing knots. 2. 
Hard; rugged. 3. Difficult; intricate. 

KNOUT (nowt), n. Whip formerly used as an 
instrument of punishment in Russia; pun- 
ishment inflicted by the knout. [Russ. 
knutu.] 

KNOW (no), v. [pr.p. KNOWING; p.U KNEW 
(nu); p.p. KNOWN (non).] I. vt. 1. Be in- 
formed or assured of. 2. Recognize. II, 
vi. 1. Possess knowledge. 2. Get knowl- 
edge. [A. S. cnawan.] 

KNOWABLE (nd'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
known, discovered, or understood. 

KNOW-ALL (nd'al), n. One who thinks he 
knows everything. 

KNOWER (no'er), n. One who knows. 

KNOWING (no'ing), a. Intelligent; skillful; 
cunning. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



KNOWINGLY 



657 



KYMOGRAPH 



KNOWINGLY (no'ing-li), adv. In a knowing 
manner. 

KNOWLEDGE (nol'ej), n. 1. Clear perception. 
2. That which is known. 3. Instruction; en- 
lightenment. 4. Experience; skill. [A.S. end- 
wan, know.] 

KNOWN (non), v. Past participle of KNOW. 

KNOW-NOTHING (no'nuth-ing), n. 1. One who 
is quite ignorant. 2. [K-] Member of Ameri- 
can party, political (1854-'56). 

KNUCKLE (nuk'l), n. 1. Projecting joint of 
the fingers. 2. Knee-joint of a calf or pig. 
[L. Ger. knwkel.] 

KNUCKLE (nuk'l), vi. [pr.p. KNUCK'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. KNUCKLED (nuk'ld).] Yield; 
submit. — Knuckle down, (1) apply one's self 
with vigor to a task; (2) yield. 

KNUCKLE-JOINT (nuk'l-joint), n. Joint where 
the forked end of a connecting-rod is joined 
by a bolt to another piece of the machinery. 

KNUR (niir), KNURL (nurl), n. Knot in wood. 
[O. Dut. knorre.] 

KOA (ko'a), n. Valuable timber tree of the 
Hawaiian Islands. 

KOALA (ko-a/la), n. Australian marsupial; 
called also native bear. 

KODAK (ko'dak), n. 1. Portable photographic 
camera. 2. Picture taken with a kodak. 

KOHLRABI (kol'ra-bi), n. Turnip-stemmed 
cabbage. [Ger. — It. cavolo rapa.] 

KOLA-NUT (ko'la-nut), 
n. Seed of an African 
tree (Cola acuminata), 
having stimulant prop- 
erties; also Cola-nut. 

KOLO (ko'lo), n. Tree 
of the family Moracece 9 
known as the bread- 
fruit tree of the Philip- 
pines. Large hand- 
some tree with a milky 
sap and producing a 
yellowish-white edible 
fruit of a consistency 
between new bread and 
sweet potatoes. 

KONGONI (kon-go'ni), n. 
East African name for 
the hartbeest. 

KOODOO (ko'do), n. Large antelope of South 
Africa (Strepsiceros kudu). 

KOP (kop), KOPJE (kop'ye), n. Top of hill. 
[So. African Dutch.] 

KOPECK, COPECK (ko'pek), n. Russian cop- 
per coin, worth about six-tenths of a United 
States cent. [Russ. kopeik.] 

KORAN (ko'ranor ko-ran'), n. Mohammedan 
bible. [Ar. al qordn, the reading.] 

KOREA, COREA (ko-re'a), n. Peninsular king- 
dom between Yellow Sea and Sea of Japan. 
Became part of the Japanese Empire in 1910, 
under the territorial name of Chosen (cho- 
sen'). Area 90,000 sq. m. 




Kolo, fertile bread 
fruit (Artocarpus com- 
munis). 



KOREAN, COREAN (ko-re'an), n. Native or 
inhabitant of Korea or 
Chosen in Asia. 

KORRIGUM (kor'i-gum), n. 
Boer name for the KOO- 
DOO. 

KOSHER (ko'sher), a. Clean; 
conforming to the require- 
ments of Jewish rites. Op- 
posite of TREF. [Heb., 
lawful.] 

KOUMISS (ko'mis), n. Same 

as KUMISS. . 

KOTOW (ko-towO, KOW- gem Yyast^ Em- 
TOW (kow-tow')> n. Act Born 1852. Abdi- 
of obeisance, submission cated in favor of 
or reverence made 




h Japan, 1910, having 
y been allowed to re- 



come. 

[Chinese fc'ow* 



kneeling and inclining the tain honorary title 
head till the forehead and accorded an in- 
touches the ground. Cere- 
mony performed in China, 
knock, and t'ou, head.] 

KRAAL (kral), n. Hottentot village or hut. 
[So. African Dutch.] 

KREMLIN (krem'lin), n. 1. Citadel or internal 
fortification of a walled city. 2. [K-] Spe- 
cifically, the Kremlin at Moscow, Russia, con- 
sisting of the imperial palace, its surroundings 
and all of its fortifications. [Russ. kremli, 
fortification, citadel.] 

KREUTZER (kroit'ser), n. Old German and 
Austrian copper coin, worth about one-half 
or two-thirds of a cent. [Ger.; from kreuz, 
cross (from the stamp on the coin).] 

KRYPTON (krip'ton), n. Newly discovered 
element in air. It is somewhat denser than 
nitrogen. [Gr. kryptos, hidden.] 

KULL (kol), n. Cave. [So. African Dutch.] 

KUMISS, KOUMISS (ko'mis), n. Carbonated 
or fermented milk. [Russ. kuniys.] 

KUMQUAT (kum'kwat), n. Small egg-shaped 
citrous fruit of the orange variety, with the 
flavor of that fruit, having its origin in China, 
but also extensively grown in Japan, California 
and Florida. [Chinese kum, golden orange, 
and kwat, bone or core, lit. heart of orange.] 

KURD (kiird), n. Inhabitant of Kurdistan, a 
region on the east of the 
upper course of the Tigris. 

KYANIZE(ki'an-iz),trt. [p**.p. 
KY'ANIZING; p.t. and p.p. 
KYANIZED (kl'an-izd).] 
Preserve from decay by in- 
jecting corrosive subli- 
mate into the pores of, as 
wood. [From John H. 
Kyan, inventor of the 
process.] 

KYMOGRAPH (ki'mo-graf), 
n. Instrument for meas- 
uring the pressure of 

fluids, especially blood in a blood-vessel. [Gr. 
kyma, wave, and -GRAPH.] 




Kurd. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



658 



LACERATE 




ft 

ft 
» 



1 (el), n. [pi. L'S (elz).] Twelfth 

letter and ninth consonant in 

the English alphabet, generally 

regarded as a semi-vowel or 

a liquid, but more correctly 

designated as a front palatal. 

It always has the same sound 

as in look, sell; except in some 

words, as chalk, calm,half,folk, 

where it modifies the sound of the vowel, but 

is not sounded itself; and in would, could, 

should, where it is silent. 

L (el), n. Something having the form of an L, 
as a wing attached to a house or other build- 
ing; ell; right-angled pipe-connection. 

L (el), n. Elevated railway; as, the Metropolitan 
L. [For Eli., abbr. of ELEVATED.] 

LA (la), n. Music. In solmization, the syllable 
used for the sixth tone of the scale. 

LAAGER (la'ger), n. Encampment; inclosure 
formed of wagons. [So. African Dutch.] 

LAAGTE (lag'te), n. Valley. [So. African Dutch.] 

LABEFACTION (lab-e-fak'shun), n. Weaken- 
ing; downfall. [L. labo, totter, and facio^ make.] 

LABEL (la'hel), n. Small slip of writing or print- 
ing affixed to anything to denote its contents, 

. ownership, etc. [O. Fr. — O. H. Ger. lappa, 
rag.] 

LABEL (la'bel), vt. [pr.p. LA'BELING; p.t. and 
p.p. LABELED (la'beld).] 1. Affix a label to. 
2. Describe by or on a label. 

LABELER (la'bel-er), n. One who affixes a label 
or labels to anything. 

LABELLUM (la-bel'um), n. [pi. LABEL'LA.] 
Bot. Lower petal of a flower, especially an 
orchid. [L., dim. of labium, lip.] 

LABIAL (la'bi-al), I. a. Pertaining to the lips; 
formed by the lips. II. n. Sound formed by 
the lips, as 6, p. [L. labium, lip.] 

LABIATE (la'bi-at), a. Bot. Having two un- 
equal divisions, as in the monopetalous corol- 
la of the mints. 

LABIODENTAL (la-bi-6-den'tal), I. a. Formed 
by aid of the lips and teeth, as / and v. II. n. 
Sound thus produced or letter representing it, 
as /, v. [LABIUM and DENTAL.] 

LABIONASAL (la-bi-6-na'zal), I. a. Formed 
or modified by lips and nose. II. n. Labio- 
nasal sound or letter representing it (monly). 
[LABIUM and NASAL.] 

LABIUM (la'bi-um), n. [pi. LA'BIA.] Lip or 
lip-like part. [L.] 

LABOR (la'bur), n. 1. Toil; exertion. 2. Work 
done. 3. Travail. 4. Cause of distress; pain. 
— Labor day, the first Monday in September, 
a legal holiday in most of the States. [L.] 

LABOR (la'bur), v. [pr.p. LA'BORING; p.t. and 
p.p. LABORED (la'burd).] I. vt. 1. Form 
with labor; fabricate. 2. Work at labo- 
riously. II. vl. 1. Undergo labor; work. 2. 
Take pains. 3. Be oppressed; suffer. 4. Move 
slowly. 5. Naut. Pitch and roll heavily, as 
a vessel In a storm. 6. Be in travail. 



LABORATORY (lab'or-a-to-ri), n. [pi. LABOR- 
ATORIES.] 1. Place where scientific exper- 
iments are systematically carried on. 2. 
Place where anything is prepared for use. 

LABORED (la'burd), a. 1. Bearing marks of 
a strained effort. 2. Laboriously formed. 

LABORER (la'bur-er), n. One who does work 
requiring little skill. 

LABORIOUS (la-bo'ri-us), a. 1. Toilsome. 2. 
Industrious. 3. Marked by labor. 

SYN. Assiduous; diligent; painstaking; 
indefatigable; arduous; burdensome; weari- 
some. ANT. Idle; lazy; simple; easy. 

LABORIOUSLY (la-bo'ri-us-li), adv. With labor, 
toil, or exertion. 

LABORIOUSNESS (la-bo'ri-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being laborious. 

LABRADOR (lab'ra-dar), n. Peninsula between 
Hudson Bay and Gulf of St. Lawrence. Area 
420,000 sq. m. 

LABRUM (la'brum), n. [pi. LA'BRA.] Lip or 
lip-like part. [L., lip.] 

.LABURNU3I (la-bur'num), n. Bot. 1. Gemir 
ot shrubs with 
pendulous ra- 
cemes of yellow 
flowers. 2. [1-] 
Plant of this ge- 
nus. [L.] 

LABYRINTH (lab'- 
i-rinth), n. 1. 
The internal ear. 

2. Place full of in- 
tricate windings. 

3. Maze. [Gr.laby- 
rinthos — laura, 
lane.] 

LABYRINTHAL 
(lab-i-rin'thal), 
LABYRINTHIAN 
(lab-i-rin'thi-an), LABYRINTHIC (lab-i-rin'- 
thik), LABYRINTHINE (lab-i-rin'thin), a. 
Pertaining to or like a labyrinth; winding; 
intricate; perplexing. 

LAC, LAKH (lak), n. One hundred thousand; 
specifically, 100,000 rupees. [Hind, lak.] 

LAC (lak), n. Resinous substance, produced on 
trees in the East by a scale-insect, Carteria 
lacca, used in dyeing. [Pers. lak.] 

LACE (las), n. 1. String for fastening. 2. Or- 
namental fabric of fine thread curiously 
wrought. [O. Fr. laqs — L. laqueus, noose.] 

LACE (las), v. [pr.p. LA'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
LACED (last).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a lace. 
2. Adorn with lace. II. vi. 1. Be made so 
as to fasten with a lace. 2. Wear tight- 
fitting corsets. (Colloq.) 

LACERATE (las'er-at), vt. [pr.p. LACERATING 
p.t. and p.p. LACERATED.] Tear; rend; 
wound. [L. lacer, torn.] 

LACERATE (las'er-at), LACERATED (las'er- 
a-ted), c. 1. Rent; torn. 2. Bot. Having the 
edges jagged or cut into irregular segments. 




Laburnum (Cytisus La- 
burnum) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ieu, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



LACERATION 



659 



LADY 






LACERATION (las-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
lacerating. 2. Rent made by tearing. 

LACERATIVE (las'er-a-tiv), a. Tearing or 
having the power to tear or lacerate. 

IiACERTA (la-ser'ta), n. 1. Genus of slender, 
active lizards. 2. [1-] Lizard of this genus. [L.] 

LACERTIAN (la-ser'shi-an), n. Lizard be- 
longing to the genus Lacerta. 

IiACERTILIA (las-er-til'i-a), n.pl. Order of rep- 
tiles, including the lizards. 

LACERTILIAN (las-er-til'i-an), n. Reptile of 
the order Lacertilia. 

LACERTINE (las'er-tin), a. Lizard-like. 

LACEWING (las'wing), n. Insect with gauzy, 
lace-like wings. 

LACHES (lach'ez), n. Law. Inexcusable delay; 
remissness. [O. Fr. lachesse.] 

IjACHESIS (lak'e-sis), n. Greek Myth. One of 
the Parcae or Fates, presiding over futurity. 

LACHRYMAL (lak'ri-mal), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to tears. 2. Secreting or conveying tears. II. 
n. Same as LACHRYMATORY. [L. lac- 
ritna, tear.] 

LACHRYMATORY (lak'ri-ma-to-ri), n. Vessel 
anciently interred with a deceased person, 
symbolizing the tears shed for his loss. 

LACHRY3IOSE (lak'ri-mos), a. Tearful; lugu- 
brious. 

LACING (la/sing), n. 1. Fastening with a cord 
through eyelet-holes. 2. Cord used in fasten- 
ing. 

LACK (lak), n. 1. State of being deficient; want. 
2. Originally, blemish; fault; reproach. [From 
an old Low Ger. root found in Dut. lak, 
blemish.] 

LACK (lak), v. [pr.p. LACKING; p.t. and p.p. 
LACKED (lakt).] I. vt. Be without or in 
need of; want. II. vi. 1. Be in want. 2. 
Be wanting; fail. 

LACKADAISICAL (lak-a-da'zi-kal), a. Affect- 
edly sentimental. [See ALACK.] 

LACK-A-DAY (lak-a-da'), interj. Exclamation 
of regret. [From ALAS THE DAY!] 

LACKEY (lak'i), n. 1. Footman or footboy. 2. 
Any servile attendant. [O. Fr. laquay — Sp. 
lacayo — Ar. luka, slave.] 

LACKEY (lak'i), v. [pr.p. LACK'EYING; p.t. and 
p.p. LACKEYED (lak'id).] I. vt. Follow serv- 
ilely. II. vi. Act as a lackey. 

LACONIC (la-kon'ik), LACONICAL (la-kon'ik- 
al), a. Expressing much in a few words; curt 
and to the point. [Gr. Lakon, Laconian, or 
Spartan.] 

SYN. Terse; curt; epigrammatic; suc- 
cinct; short; pithy; pointed. ANT. Pro- 
lix; verbose; prosy. 

LACONICALLY (la-kon'ik-al-i), adv. In a la- 
conic manner. 

LACONICISM (la-kon'i-sizm), n. 1. Concise, 
pithy or sententious style. 2. Short, pithy 
phrase. 

LACQTJER, LACKER (!ak'er),n. Varnish made 
of lac and alcohol. [Fr. laque, lac] 



LACQUER, LACKER (lak'er), vt. [pr.p. LAC- 
QUERING; p.t. and p.p. LACQUERED (lak'- 
erd).] Cover with lacquer; coat or varnish 
with lacquer. 

LACRIMAL, a. Same as LACHRYMAL. 

LACRIMOSE, a. Same as LACHRYMOSE. 

LACROSSE (la-kras'), n. Game played with a 
ball and long rackets. [Fr.] 

LACTATE (lak'tat), n. Salt of lactic acid, and 
a base. [L. lac, lactis, milk.] 

LACTATION (lak-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of giving 
milk. 2. Period of suckling. [See LACTEAL.] 

LACTEAL (lak'te-al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to or 
resembling milk. 2. Conveying chyle. II. n. 
One of the absorbent vessels of the intestines 
which convey the chyle to the thoracic ducts. 
[L. lacteus, milky — lac, lactis, milk.] 

LACTEOUS (lak'te-us), a. Milky; milk-like. 

LACTESCENCE (lak-tes'ens), n. Quality or 
state of being lactescent. 

LACTESCENT (lak-tes'ent), a. 1. Becoming 
milky. 2. Bot. Producing milk-like juice. 

LACTIC (lak'tik), a. Pertaining to milk. — 
Lactic acid, acid obtained from milk. 

LACTO-, prefix. Denotes the presence of or 
connection with milk. [L. lac, lactis, milk.] 

LACTOSCOPE (lak'to-skop), n. Device for as- 
certaining the quality of milk. [LACTO- and 
-SCOPE.] 

LACTOSE (lak'tos), n. Sugar obtained from 
milk by evaporating whey. 

LAD (lad), n. [fern. LASS (las).] 1. Boy; youth. 
2. Companion; comrade. [Ir. lath, youth, 
champion.] 

LADDER (lad'er), n. 1. Frame made with steps 
placed between two upright pieces, by which 
one may ascend. 2. Anything by which one 
ascends. 3. Gradual rise. [A. S. hlosder.] 

LADDIE (lad '!),». [fern. LAS'SIE.] 1. Little lad; 
boy. 2. Suitor; lover. [Sc] 

LADE (lad), vt. [pr.p. LA'DING; p.t. LADED; 
p.p. LADED or LADEN (la'dn).] 1. Load; 
put cargo or burden in or on. 2. Throw in or 
out, as a fluid, with a ladle or dipper. [A. S. 
hladan.] 

LADEN (la'dn), a. 1. Laded or loaded. 2. Op- 
pressed. 

LADING (la/ding), n. Load; cargo; freight. 
[See LOAD.] 

LADLE (la'dl), n. Large spoon for lifting out 
liquid from a vessel. [See LADE.] 

LADLE (la'dl), vt. [pr.p. LA'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. LADLED (la'dld).] Deal out with a ladle; 
lade. 

LADRONE (la-dron'), n. Robber; insurgent; 
rebel. [Sp. ladrone, robber.] 

LADRONES (la-dronzO, or MARIANNE (ma- 
ri-an') ISLANDS. In N. Pacific. German, 
except Guam. Area 500 sq. m. 

LADY (la'di), n. [pi. LA'DIES.] 1. Mistress of 
a house. 2. Title (in England) of the wives of 
knights, and all degrees above them, and of 
the daughters of earls and all higher ra n ks. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



LADYBIRD 



660 



LAMNA 



[A. S. 



3. Woman of refined manners. 
hlccfdic, fern, of hldford, lord.] 
LADYBIRD (la'di-berd), n. One of a genus of 



(Megilla maculata), 
red or yellow color; 

Same as LADYBIRD. 
Refined; like a lady 




Lady's-slipper. 



\ 



little spotted beetles 

usually of a brilliant 

called also ladybug. 
LADYBUG (la'di-bug), n. 
LADYLIKE (la'di-lik), a. 

In every manner or respect; well-bred. 
LADYLOVE (la/di-luv), n. Lady or woman 

loved; sweetheart. 
LADYSHIP (la'di-ship), n. Title, condition or 

rank of a lady. 
LaDYSMITH ((la'di-smith),n. Town, Natal, S. 

Africa. 
LADY'S-SLIPPER (la'diz-slip-er), n. Orchid 

of the genus Cypri- 

pediutn. 

Laertes (ia-er'tez), n. 

Greek Myth. Father of 
Ulysses. 
LAG (lag), I. a. Coming 
behind. II. n. He who 
or that which comes 
behind; fag-end. [Wei. 
Hag, slow.] 
LAG (lag), vi. [pr.p. LAG- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. 
LAGGED (lagd).] Move 
or walk slowly; fall be- 
hind; loiter. 

SYN. Linger; saunter; dawdle; dally; 
tarry; idle. ANT. Speed; hasten; hurry; 
hustle; rush. 
LAGER (lager), LAGER-BEER (la'ger-ber), n. 
Beer stored before use. [Ger. lager, store.] 
LAGGARD (lag'ard), I. a. Slow; backward. 

II. n. Loiterer; idler. 
LAGOON, LAGTJNE (la-gonO, n. 1. Shallow lake 
or pond bordering on the sea. 2. Natural or 
artificial pond or pool in parks or on other 
inland property. 
LAHORE (la-hor'), n. Capital of the Punjab, 

India. 
LAIC (la'ik), LAICAL (la'ik-al), a. Belonging 

to the laity. 
LAID (lad), v. Past tense and past participle of 

LAY. 
LAIN (Ian), v. Past participle of LIE, rest. 
LAIR (lar), n. Den or retreat of a wild beast. 

[A. S. leger, couch — licgan, lie down.] 
LAITY (la'i-ti), n. The people as distinct from 

the clergy. [See LAY.] 
LAIUS (la'yus), n . Greek Myth. King of Thebes 

and father of GBdipus. 
LAKE (lak), n. Deep red pigment. [Fr. laque. 

See LAC] 
LAKK (lak), n. Large body of water within land. 

[A. S. lacu — L. lacus, lake.] 
LAKH (lak), n. 100,000. [See LAC] 
LAM (lam), vt. [pr.p. LAM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
LAMMED (lamd).] Beat severely. [Ice. 
Umja, beat.] 



LAMA (la 'ma), n. Priest in Tibet belonging to 

the variety of Buddhism known as Lamaism. 

[Tibetan.] 
LAMAISM (la/ma-izm), n. Religion prevailing 

in Tibet, a development of Buddhism. 
LAMB (lam), n. 1. Young of a sheep. 2. One 

innocent and gentle as a lamb. [A. S.] 
LAMBASTE (lam-bast), vt. [pr.p. LAMBA- 
STING; p.t. and p.p. LAMBASTED.] Beat 

severely. (Colloq.) 
LAMBENT (lam'bent), a. Moving about like 

a tongue; touching lightly; playing about; 

flickering. [L. lambo, lick.] 
LA31BKIN (lam'kin), n. Little lamb. 
LAMBREQUIN (lam'ber-kin), n. Drapery of a 

window, doorway, mantelpiece or the like. 
LAME (lam), a. 1. Disabled in a limb or limbs. 

2. Unsatisfactory; imperfect. [A. S. lama.] 
LA3IE (lam), vt. [pr.p. LAMING; p.t. and p.p. 

LAMED (lamd).] 1. Make lame; cripple. 2, 

Render imperfect. 
LAMELLAR (la-mel'ar), a. Composed of thin 

layers or scales. [L. lamella, dim. of lamina, 

layer.] 
LAMELY (lam'li), adv. In a lame manner. 
LAMENESS (lam'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being lame. 
LAMENT (la-menf), v. [pr.p. LAMENTING; 

p.t. and p.p. LAMENTED.] I. vi. Utter or feel 

grief; wail; mourn. II. vt. 3Iourn for; deplore. 

[L. lamentor — lamentum, mournful cry.] 
LAMENT (la-menf), n. 1. Sorrow expressed 

in cries. 2. Elegy or mournful ballad. 
LAMENTABLE (lamen-ta-bl), a. Deserving or 

expressing sorrow; sad; pitiful; deplorable. 
LAMENTABLY (lam'en-ta-bli), adv. 1. So as to 

excite sorrow or grief. 2. With lamentations. 
LAMENTATION (lam-en-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 

lamenting. 2. Audible expression of grief; 

wailing. 
LAMIA (la'mi-a), n. Greek Myth. Lybian queen, 

a daughter of Belus, 

transf ormedinto amon- 

ster through the jeal- 
ousy of Juno. 
LAMINA (lam'i-na), n. 

[pi. LAMINA (lam'i- 

ne).] Thin scale, layer 

or coat. 
LAMINATE (lam'i-nat), 

LAMINATED (lami- 
na-ted), a. Consisting 

of scales or layers. 
LAMMERGEIER (1am'- 

er-gi-er), n. Largest 

European bird of prey, 

classed with the eagles. 

[Ger., lamb-vulture.] 
LAMNA (lam'na), n. Genus of remarkably 

swift and ferocious sharks, one species of 

which (Lamna comubica) is commonly called 

mackerel shark, from its shape. [L.L. — Gr. 
lamna, a predatory fish.] 




Lammergeier {Gypae- 
tus barbatus). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. ' 






LAMP 



661 



LANDLUBBER 



LAMP (lamp), n. 1. Vessel for burning oil with 
a wick. 2. Device of any kind for producing 
light. [Gr. lampas — lampo, shine.] 

LAMPBLACK (lamp'blak), n. 1. 
Black substance formed by the 
smoke of a lamp. 2. Amor- 
phous carbon, obtained by the 
imperfect combustion of oil or 
resin. 

LAMPOON (lam-pon'), n. Per- 
sonal satire in writing; mean 
censure. [O. Fr. lampon, drink- 
ing song — tamper, drink.] 

LAMPOON (lam-pon'), vt. [pr.p. 
LAMPOONING; p.U and p.p. 
LAMPOONED (lam-pond').] Sat- 
irize in a lampoon. 

LAMPOONER (lam-pon'er), n. 
One who writes a lampoon. 

LAMPOONERY (lam-pon 'er-i), 
LAMPOONRY (lam-pon'ri), n. 
1. Practice of lampooning. 2. 
Written personal abuse or satire. 

LAMPREY (lam'pre), n. [pi. 
LAMPREYS.] Fish resem- 
bling the eel, so called from 
its attaching itself to rocks 
by its mouth. [Fr. lamproie — 
L. lanibo, lick, and petra, 
rock.] 



Self-adjust- 
ing Lamp. 




Lamprey. 

LAMP-STATION (lamp'sta-shun), n. Small 
structure built in interior of coal and other 
mines where explosive gases exist, at which 
point all lamps with exposed flames must be 
deposited in order to be trimmed so as to pre- 
vent explosions. 

LANARY (la'na-ri), n. Storage-place for wool. 
[L. lana, wool.] 

LANATE (la'nat), LANATED (la'na-ted), a. 
Covered with wool-like material; woolly. 

LANCE (lans), n. Long shaft of wood, with a 
spear-head, usually bearing a small flag. 
[Gr. louche, lance.] 

LANCE (lans), vt. [pr.p. LANCING; p.t. and p.p. 
LANCED (lanst).] 1. Pierce with a lance. 2. 
Open with a lancet. 

LANCELET (lans'let), n. Amphioxus. 

LANCEOLATE (lan'se-o-lat), LANCEOLATED 
(lan'se-o-la-ted), a. Having the form of a 
lancehead; tapering toward both ends. [L. 
lanceola, a small lance, dim. of lancea, lance.] 

LANCER (lan'ser), n. Kind of cavalry armed 
with a lance. 

LANCERS (lan'serz), n.pl. Kind of square dance, 
or the music for it. [Fr. landers.] 



LANCET (lan'set), n. 1. Surgical instrument 
used for opening veins, etc. 2. High and 
narrow window, point- 
ed like a lance. [Fr. 
lancette, dim. of lance.] 





Lancets. 



Lancet Window. 



LAND (land), n. 1. Solid portion of the sur- 
face of the globe. 2. Country; district. 3. 
Nation or people. 4. Real estate. [A. S.] 

LAND (land), v. [pr.p. LANDING; p.t. and 
p.p. LANDED.] I. vt. 1. Set on land. 2. 
Bring to land. II. vi. 1. Go or come 
ashore; disembark. «. Stop or toucn at a land- 
ing place, as a steamer. 3. Arrive. (Colloq.) 

LAN DA U 




Landau. 



LANDBREEZE (land'brez), n. Breeze setting 
from the land towards the sea. 

LANDHOLDER (land'hold-er), n. Proprietor 
of land. 

LANDING (land'ing), n. 1. Act of going on 
land from a vessel. 2. Place for getting on 
shore. 3. Level part of a staircase between 
the flights of steps. 

LANDLADY (land'la-di), n. [pL LANDLADIES.] 
1. Woman who owns land or house leased to 
a tenant. 2. Mistress of an inn or lodging- 
house. 

LAND-LINE (land'lin), n. Elec. Wires for 
telegraphic transmission strung overland as 
distinguished from marine lines and cables. 

LANDLOCKED (land'lokt), a. Almost shut in 
by land; protected by surrounding masses of 
land from the force of wind and wave. 

LANDLOR-D (land'lard), n. [fern. LANDLADY.] 
1. Man who owns and lets real estate. 2. 
Man who keeps an inn. 

LANDLUBBER (land'lub-er), n. Landsman, a 
term used by sailors. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn ; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



LANDMARK 



662 



LAPLAND 



\ 



LANDMARK (landmark), n. 1. Thing serving 
to mark the boundaries of land. 2. Object 
on land that serves as a guide to seamen. 

LANDSCAPE (land'skap), n. 1. Aspect of a 
country. 3. Picture representing it. [Dut. 
landschap — land, land, and schap, shape.] 

LAND'S END (landz'end). S. W. point of Eng- 
land. 

LANDSLIDE (land'slid), LANDSLIP (landslip), 
r». 1. The sliding or slipping down of a portion 
of land from a higher to a lower level. 2. 
Portion of land that falls down, generally from 
the side of a hill, usually due to the under- 
mining effect of water. 

LANDSMAN (landz'man), n. [pi. LANDSMEN.] 
Man inexperienced in sea-faring. 

LaNDSTHING (lans'ting), n. Upper house of 
the Danish Rigsdag or parliament. [Dan. 
land, land, and -thing, parliament.] 

LANDSTURM (lant'storm), n. 1. In Germany 
and Switzerland, a general levy in time of 
national emergency— in the former inclu- 
ding all males between seventeen and forty- 
five. 2. The force so called out. [Ger. land, land, 
and sturm, alarm.] 

LANDTAG (lant'takh), n. 1. Legislative as- 
sembly of one of the states forming the 
modern German empire, as Saxony, Ravaria, 
etc. 2. Provincial assembly of Rohemia or 
Moravia. [Ger. land, land, and tag, diet.] 

LANDWARD (land 'ward), adv. Towards the 
land. 

LANDWEHR (lant'var), n. 31ilitary force in 
Germany and Austria forming an army re- 
serve. [Ger. land, land, and wehr, defense.] 

LANE (Ian), n. 1. Narrow passage or road. 2. 
Xaut. Fixed route kept by a line of vessels 
across the ocean. [A. S.] 

LANGUAGE (lang'gwaj), n. 1. Human speech. 
2. Speech peculiar to a nation. 3. Style or 
expression peculiar to an individual; diction. 
4. Any manner of expressing thought. [Fr. 
langage — langue — L. lingua, tongue.] 

SYN. Speech; talk; conversation; dis- 
course; dialect; idiom; tongue; diction; 
phraseology; articulation; accents. ANT. 
Jargon; jabber; gibberish; babel. 

LANGUID (lang'gwid), a. 1. Feeble; spiritless; 
faint. 2. Drooping; relaxed. 3. Languishing; 
listless. [L. languidus — langueo, be weak.] 

LANGUIDLY (lang'gwid-li), adv. In a languid 
manner. 

LANCiUIDNESS (lang'gwid-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being languid. 

LANGUISH (lang'gwish), vi. [pr.p. LANGUISH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. LANGUISHED (lang'- 
Kwisht).] 1. Lose strength and animation. 2. 
Recome dull; fall off, as trade. 3. Droop; 
wither; fade, as flowers. 4. Pine away. 5. 
Look with tenderness, softness, and affection. 
[L. langueo, be weak.] 

LANGUISHMENT (lang'gwish-ment), n. Act 
or state of languishing. 



LANGUOR (lang'gur or lang'gwur), n. State of 

being languid or faint; indolence. 
LANK (langk), a. Long and loosely built. [A. S. 

hlanc] 

SYN. Lean; slender; slim; raw-boned. 

ANT. Plump; stout; corpulent; portly; obese. 
LANKY (langk'i), a. Tending towards slim- 

ness or leanness; shrunken. 



n. Capital of State of 




Chinese Lanterns. 



-L. lacinia, 



Lansing (landing), 

3Iichigan. 
LANTERN (Ian 'tern), n. 

1. Case for holding or 

carrying a light. 2. 

Drum-shaped structure 

surmounting a dome to 

give light. [Fr. lan- 

terne — Gr. lampter — ■ 

lampo, give light.] 
LANYARD (lan'yard), n. 

1. Short rope used on 

board ship for fastening 

or stretching. 2. Cord 

for firing a cannon. [Fr. laniere- 

strap.] 
LAOCOON (la-ok'o-on), n. Greek Myth. A 

priest of Apollo, son of Priam and Hecuba; 

with his two sons, crushed to death by serpents 

because he opposed the admission of the 

wooden horse to Troy. 
LAOMEDON (la-om'e-don), n. Greek Myth. 

Son of Ilus and Eurydice, and father of Priam. 
LAP (lap), v. [pr.p. LAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

LAPPED (lapt).] I. vt. 1. Lick up with the 

tongue. 2. Fold one thing over another. II. 

vi. 1. Drink by licking up a liquid. 2. Make 

a sound by so doing. [A. S. laplan.] 
LAP (lap), n. Motion or sound of lapping. 
LAP (lap), n. 1. Overhanging flap. 2. Part of 

the clothes lying on the knees when a person 

sits down. 3. Part of the body thus covered. 

4. Part lying over something else. 5. One 

circuit around a small track. [A. S. lappa.] 
LAP-ROARD (lap'bord), n. Flat wide board, 

used on the lap by tailors and seamstresses. 
LAP-DOG (lap'dog), n. Small dog fondled in the 

lap. 
LAPEL (la-pel'), n. Part of the breast of a coat 

which folds over. [Dim. of LAP.] 
LAPFUL (lap'fol), n. As much as fills a lap. 
LAPIDARY (lap'i-da-ri), I. a. Pertaining to the 

cutting of stones. II. n. [pi. LAP'IDARDSS.] 

Cutter of or dealer in precious stones. — 

Lapidary style, terse style, as used in inscrip- 
tions on stone. [L. lapis, stone.] 
LAPIS LAZULI (la'pis laz'u-li). Hard silicate 

stone of a rich ultramarine color, used for 

cameos, lamps, etc. [L. lapis, stone, and Ger. 

lasur, azure.] 
LAPITH^(lap'i-the),w. pi. Greek Myth. People 

of Thessaly who descended from Apollo and 

Stilbe, noted for their defeat of the Centaurs. 
LAPLAND (lap'land), n. Region in N. Europe. 

Area 130,000 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute hut burn 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



LAPLANDER 



663 



LASH 



LAPLANDER (lapland-er), n. Same as LAPP. 
La PLATA (la-pla/ta). Principal port of Ar- 
gentine Republic. 
LAPLING (lap'ling), n. One who devotes him- 
self to ease and pleasure. 
LAPP (lap), n. Native of Lapland; Laplander. 
LAPPET (lap'et), n. Little lap 

or flap. [Dim. of LAP.] 
LAP-ROBE (lap'rob), n. 

Blanket of fur or other 

warm material to cover the 

lap and feet while riding 

in carriage, sleigh or other 

conveyance. 
LAPSE (laps), vi. [pr.p. 

LAPSING; p.t. and p.p. 

LAPSED (lapst).] 1. Slip; 

glide; pass by degrees. 2. 

Fall from duty or grace. 

[L. labor, lapsus, slip, fall.] 
LAPSE (laps), n. 1. Act of lapsing. 

ing in duty; slip; fault; error. 




3. 



Lapp. 
Become void. 

2. A fail- 



LAPWING (lap'wing), n. 
family; peewit. [A. S. 
hledpewince — hledpan, 
run, and wink, totter.] 

LARBOARD (lar'bord), I. 
n. Left side of ship, 
looking from the stern, 
now termed the port. 
II. a. Pertaining to the 
larboard side. [Corrup. 
from LOWER BOARD.] 

LARCENY (lar'se-ni), n. 
Theft. [Fr. larcin — L 
ber.] 

LARCH (larch), n. 
kind of tree. [Gr. 
larix.1 

LARD (lard), n. 
Melted fat of 
swine. [Fr. — L. 
lardum.] 

LARD (lard), vt. [pr. 
p. LARD ING; p.t. 
and p.p. LARD'- 
ED.] 1. Smear 
with lard. 2. Stuff 
with bacon or 
pork. 3. Inter- 
lard. 

LARDER (lar'der), 
w. Place where 
foodiskept. [From 
LARD.] 



Bird 



the plover 




Lapwing (Vanellus 
cristaiiis) . 

[pi. LAR'CEND3S.] 

. latrocinium — latro, rob- 

Deciduous cone-bearing 




American Larch (Larix 
Americana) . 



LARES (la'rez), n.pl. Inferior Roman gods pre- 
siding over houses and families; their statues 
were placed within the doors or over the 
hearths. 

LARGE (larj), a. 1. Great in size or dimensions. 
2. Consisting of or containing a great num- 
ber or quantity. 3. Liberal; open-handed. 
1. Lax; licentious. 5. Naut. Favorable; 



For 

[L. 




fair. — At large. 1. Without restraint. 2. 
the whole state, not a district only. 
largus, abundant.] 

SYN. Big; bulky; extensive; abundant; 
capacious; ample; comprehensive; cath- 
olic; broad; colossal; enormous; gigantic; 
immense; massive; huge; vast; spacious; 
wide; long. ANT. Small; narrow; con- 
tracted; scanty; illiberal; sordid; petty. 

LARGELY (larj 'ID, adv. To a great extent; 
extensively; greatly; copiously. 

LARGENESS (larj'nes), n. State of being large. 

LARGESS (lar'jes), n. 1. Formerly, liberality. 
2. Present; donation. [Fr. 
largesse.] 

LARIAT (lar'i-at), n. Lasso, 
used for catching and for 
tethering animals. [Sp.] 

LARK (lark), n. 1. Euro- 
pean singing bird ; skylark. 
2. Meadow-lark. [A. S. 
lawerce.] 

LARK (lark), n. Good time; 
frolic. [A. S. lac, sport.] 

LARKSPUR (lark'spur), n. 
Plant of the genus Delphi- 
num, having split leaves 
and showy blue flowers. 

LARRUP (lar'up), vt. [pr.p. 
LARRUPING; p.*. and p.p. 
LARRUPED (lar'upt).] 
Flog. 

LARVA (lar'va), n. [pi. LARV^ (lar've).] 
in Its first stage after 
issuing from the egg; 
caterpillar; maggot. 
[L. larva, mask.] 

LARYNGEAL (lar-in- 
je'al), LARYNGEAN 
(lar-in-je'an), a. Of 
or pertaining to the 
larynx. 

LARYNGITIS (lar-in- 
ji'tis), n. Inflamma- 
tion of the larynx. 

LARYNGOSCOPE (la- Larvae. 

ring'go-skop), n. Instrument for examining 
the larynx. 

LARYNX (lar'ingks), n. Upper part of the wind- 
pipe; throat. [Gr.] 

LASCAR (las-kar'), n. 1. Native East Indian 
tailor, or menial in camp. 2. Native trooper 
of artillery in East India. [Hind.] 

LASCIVIOUS (las-si vi-us), a. Lustful; tending 
to produce lustful emotions. [L. lascivus.] 

LASCIVIOUSLY (las-siv'i-us-li), adv. In a 
lascivious manner. 

LASCIVIOUSNESS (las-siv'i-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being lascivious. 

LASH (lash), n. 1. Flexible part of a whip. 2. 
Stroke with a whip or any thing pliant; stroke 
of satire; sharp retort. 3. Hair growing on 
the edge of the eyelid. [Cf. Ger. lasche, flap.] 



Dwarf Larkspur (Del- 
phinium tricorne). 

Insect 







fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burnt 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



LASH 



664 



LATITUDE 



» 



LASH (lash), vt. [pr.p. LASH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LASHED (lasht).] 1. Strike with a lash; 
whip; dash against. 2. Fasten or secure with 
a rope or cord. 3. Censure severely; scourge 
with sarcasm or satire. 

SIX. Castigate; satirize; censure. ANT. 
Compliment; extol; eulogize. 

LASHING (lash'ing), n. 1. Whipping with a 
lash; chastisement. 2. Rope for making 
fast. 

LASS (las), n. Girl, especially a country girl. 
[Prob. a contr. of LASSIE, feminine of LAD.] 

LASSIE (las'i), n. Little lass. [Sc] 

LASSITUDE (las'i-tud), n. Weakness; weari- 
ness; languor. [L. lassus, faint.] 

LASSO (las'6), n. [pi. LAS'SOS or LAS'SOES.] 
Thong or rope with a running noose for catch- 
ing wild horses, etc. [Pg. logo — L. laqueus, 
noose.] 

LASSO (las'6), vt. [pr.p. LAS'SOING; p.t. and 
p.p. LASSOED (las'od).] Catch with a lasso. 

LAST (last), n. Wooden block on which boots 
and shoes are molded. [A. S. last, footmark. ] 

LAST (last), a. 1. Hindmost. 2. Latest. 3. 
Utmost; extreme. 4. Lowest; meanest. 5. 
Next before the present. 6. Farthest from 
the thoughts; the most unlikely. [Contr. of 
LATEST.] 

LAST (last), adv. 1. For the last time. 2. Af- 
ter all others. 

LAST (last), vi. [pr.p. LAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LAST'ED.] 1. Continue in existence; re- 
main; endure. 2. Hold out. 3. Continue 
unimpaired; as, a color lasts. [A. S. Iwstan — 
Icest, footprint.] 

LASTING (last'ing), a. Permanent; durable. 

LASTINGLY (last'ing-li), adv. In a lasting or 
enduring manner. 

LASTLY (last'li), adv. 1. In the last place. 2. 
At last; finally. 

LATCH (lach), vt. [pr.p. LATCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. LATCHED (lacht).] Fasten with a latch. 
[A. S. l&ccan, catch.] 

LATCH (lach), n. Catch to fasten a door. 

LATCHET (lach'et), n. Lace or buckle for fast- 
ening a shoe. [O. Fr. lacet — las.] 

LATCHKEY (lach'ke), n. Key wherewith to 
unlock a latch spring lock from the outside. 

LATE (lat;, I. a. [comp. LATER or LATTER; 
superl. LATEST or LAST (last).] 1. Tardy; 
behindhand; coming after the expected time. 
2. Far advanced toward 
the close. 3. Deceased; 
departed; out of office. 4. 
Not long past. .5. After 
the usual time. II. adv. 
After or beyond the usual 
time or proper time. [A. 
S. la*.] 

LATEEN la-ten'), a. Ap- 
plied to a triangular sail 
common in the Mediter- 
ranean. [Fr. latine- 




Lateen Sails. 
-L. Latinus, Latin.] 



LATELY (lat'li), adv. Recently; not long ago. 

LATENCY (la'ten-si), n. State of being latent. 

LATENT (la'tent), a. Concealed; not visible or 
apparent; not making itself known by effects. 
[L. lateo, lie hidden.] 

LATERAL (lat'er-al), a. Belonging to, or lying 
at, the side; proceeding from, or in the direc- 
tion of, the side. [L. lateralis — lotus, side.] 

LATERALLY (lat'er-al-i), adv. In a lateral 
manner, direction, or position; sideways. 

LATEST (la'test), a. Superlative of LATE. 

LATH (lath), n. [pi. LATHS (laffcz).] Thin, 
narrow strip of wood used in slating, plaster- 
ing, etc. [A. S. Icett.] 

LATH (lath), vt. [pr.p. LATH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LATHED (lathd).] Cover or line with laths. 

LATHE (lath), n. 3Iachine for turning and 
shaping articles of wood, metal, etc. [From 
root of Ger. lade, chest, tool-chest.] 

LATHER (lafft'er), n. Foam or froth made with 
water and soap. [A. S. ledthor.] 

LATHER (latter), v. [pr.p. LATHERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LATHERED (lafft'erd).] I. vt. Spread 
over with lather. II. vi. Form a lather; 
become frothy. 

LATHER (lath'er), n. One who laths or prac- 
tices lathing. 

LATHING (lathing), n. 1. Act or process of 
covering or lining with laths. 2. A covering 
of laths. 

LATHY (lath'i), a. Resembling a lath; long and 
slender. 

LATIN (lat'in), I. a. 1. Pertaining to ancient 
Latium (esp. Rome) or its inhabitants, also 
to all races claiming affinity with the Latins 
by language, race, or civilization. 2. Writ- 
ten or spoken in Latin. II. n. 1. Inhabitant 
of ancient Latium. 2. Member of a modern 
race ethnically or linguistically related to the 
ancient Romans or Italians. 2. Language of 
ancient Rome. — Late Latin, Law Latin, or 
Low Latin, medieval Latin, between 600 and 
1500 A. D. [L. Latium.] 

LATIN-AMERICA (lat-in-a-mer'i-ka), n. That 
portion of the North American continent 
where the Latin tongues, notably Spanish 
and Portuguese, form the predominating 
language. 

LATIN-AMERICAN (lat-in-a-mer'i-kan), n. 
Native of Latin America of Spanish or Por- 
tuguese descent. 

LATINISM (lat'in-izm), w. Latin idiom. 

LATINIST (lat'in-ist), n. One who knows Latin. 

Latinize (iat'in-iz), vt. [pr.p. lattnizing; 

p.t. and p.p. LATINIZED (lat'in-izd).] Give a 
Latin form to. 

LATINUS (la-ti'nus), n. Roman Myth. King 
of the Laurentians, inhabitants of Latium. 

LATITUDE (lat'i-tud), n. 1. Width. 2. Dis- 
tance of a place from the equator. 3. Angu- 
lar distance of a celestial body from the eclip- 
tic. 4. Extent or signification. 5. Freedom 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' 






LATITUDINAL 



665 



LAVE 



from restraint; scope. [Fr. — L. latitudo, -inis 

— lotus, broad.] 
LATITUDINAL (lat-i-tu'di-nal), a. Pertaining 

to or in the direction of latitude. 
LATITUDINARIAN (lat-i-tu-di-na'ri-an), I. a. 

Broad or liberal, especially in religious belief. 

II. n. One who in principle or practice de- 
parts from orthodox rule. 
JuATIUM (la/shi-um), n. Anciently, a country 

of central Italy lying along the Mediterranean 

S. E. of Etruria. 
JjATONA (la-to'na), n. Roman Myth. Mother, 

by Jupiter, of Apollo and Diana. 
LATTER (later), a. 1. Coming or existing after. 

2. Mentioned the last of two. 3. Modern; 
recent. — Latter-day Saints, Mormons. [Irreg. 
comp. of LATE.] 

LATTERLY (lat'er-li), adv. Of late; recently. 

LATTICE (lat'is), n. Network of crossed laths or 
bars. [Fr. lattis — latte, lath.] 

LATTICE (lat'is), vt. [pr.p. LATTICING; p.t. 
and p.p. LATTICED (lat'ist).] 1. Form or 
construct in fashion of a lattice. 2. Furnish 
with a lattice. 

LATTICELEAF (lat'is-lef), n. Aquatic plant, 
native to Madagascar, so called from the 
singular resemblance of the leaves to open 
latticework. 

LATTICEWORK (lat'is-wurk), n. 1. Work 
formed of cross-strips of wood or metal. 2. 
Anything resembling a lattice. 

LAUD (lad), vt. [pr.p. LAUD TNG; p.t. and p.p. 
LAUDED.] Praise in words, or with singing; 
celebrate; extol. [L. laudo, praise — laus, law 
ells, praise.] 

LAUD (lad), n. 1. Act of lauding; praise in 
divine worship. 2. [pi.] Prayers which fol- 
low matins. 

LAUDABLE (lad'a-bl), a. Worthy of being 
praised. 

LAUDABLENESS (lad'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being laudable. 

LAUDABLY (lad'a-bli), adv. In a laudable 
manner or degree. 

LAUDANUM (la'da-num), n. Tincture of opium. 
[Gr.] 

LAUDATORY (lad'a-to-ri), I. a. Expressing 
praise. II. n. That which contains praise. 

LAUGH (laf), v. [pr.p. LAUGHING; p.t. and p.p. 
LAUGHED (laft).] I. vt. 1. Express with a 
laugh. 2. Affect in some way by laughter. 
II. vi. 1. Express mirth or joy by an explo- 
sive inarticulate sound of the voice and pecu- 
liar facial distortion. 2. Be gay and lively. 

3. Make merry (with at)', flout. 4. Scoff; 
jeer; deride (with at). [A. S. hliJian.] 

LAUGH (laf), n. 1. Inarticulate expression of 
sudden mirth or merriment. 

LAUGHABLE (laf'a-bl), a. Calculated to raise 
a laugh; ludicrous; ridiculous; comical. 

LAUGHING-GAS (laf'ing-gas), n. Nitrous oxide, 
a gas which excites laughter, used as an anaes- 
thetic, especially in dentistry. 




Steam Launch. 



LAUGHINGLY (laf'ing-li), adv. In a merry way; 
with laughter. 

LAUGHING-STOCK (laf'ing-stok), n. Object of 
ridicule. 

LAUGHTER (laf 'ter), n. Act or noise of laughing. 

LAUGHTERLESS (laf 'ter-les), a. Without laugh- 
ter. 

LAUNCH (lanch), v. [pr.p. LAUNCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. LAUNCHED (lancht).] I. vt. 1. Throw, 
as a spear; send forth. 2. Cause to slide into 
the water. II. vi. 1. Go forth, as a ship into 
the water. 2. Expatiate in language. [O. 
Fr. lanchier — L. lancea, lance.] 

LAUNCH (lanch), n. 1. Act of launching or 
moving a 
ship into the 
water. 2, 
Largest boat 
carried by a 
man-of-war. 
3. Small open 
or cabin pleasure boat, propelled by steam, 
gas, vapor, or electric motor. 

LAUNDER (lan'der or Ian 'der),vt. [pr.p. LAUN- 
DERING; p.t. and p.p. LAUNDERED (lan'- 
derd) .] Wash and iron, as clothes. [See LAVE.] 

LAUNDRESS (lan'dres or lan'dres), n. Washer- 
woman. 

LAUNDRY (lan'dri or lan'dri), n. Place where 
clothes are washed and ironed. [O. Fr. lavan- 
derie — L. lavo, wash.] 

LAUNDRYMAN (lan'dri-man), n. [pi. LAUN'- 
DRYMEN.] Man who works in a laundry. 

LAUREATE (la're-at), I. a. Crowned with 
laurel. II. n. Poet-laureate; formerly one 
who received a degree in grammar (i.e., poetry 
and rhetoric) at the English universities; now 
a poet bearing that honorary title ; a salaried 
officer in the royal household appointed to 
compose annually an ode for the king's birth- 
day and other suitable occasions. 

LAUREL (la'rel), n. 1. Bay-tree, with aromatic 
leaves. 2. Crown of honor. 
[Fr. laurier — Laurus.~\ 

LAVA (la'va or la'va), «. 
Melted matter discharged 
from a volcano. [It. lava, 
stream — L. lavo, wash.] 

LAVATION (la-va'shun), n. 
Act of washing or clean- 
ing. 

LAVATORY (lav'a-to-ri), n. 
1. Place for washing. 3» 
Lotion. [See LAVE.] 

LAVE (lav), v. [pr.p. LA'- 
VING ; p.t . and p.p. LAVED 
(lavd).] I. vt. 1. Wash; 
bathe. 2, Wash against, 
as the sea. II. vi. 1. 
bathe. 2. Undulate gently against an object. 
[Fr. laver — L. lavo, wash.] 

LAVE (lav), w. 1. Act of laving or washing 
one's self. 2. Wash of the sea; the sea. 



i 

( 




Broadleaf Laurel 
(Kalmia latifolia). 

Wash one's self; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



LAVENDER 



666 



LAZY 




Lavender. 



LAVENDER (lav'en-der), n. 1. Odoriferous 
plant. 2. Pale-purplish color. 
[Fr. lavande. See LAVE.] 

LAYER (la'ver), n. Large vessel 
for laving or washing. 

LAA'ISH (lavish), vt. [pr.p. LAV- 
ISHING; p.t. and p.p. LAV- 
ISHED (lav'isht).] Expend pro- 
fusely; waste. [From obsolete 
lave, ladle out, refresh. Akin to 
Ger. laben, refresh.] 

LAVISH (lav'ish), a. 1. Bestowing 
profusely. 2. Prodigal; extrava- 
gant. 3. Unrestrained. 

LAVISHLY (lav'ish-li), adv. In a 
lavish manner. 

LAVISHMENT (lav'ish-ment), n. 
Act or state of being lavish. 

LAAISHNESS (lav'ish-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being lavish. 

LAW (la), n. 1. Rule of action established by 
authority; established usage; statute; rules 
of a community or state. 2. Rule or princi- 
ple of science or art. 3. Whole jurispru- 
dence or the science of law. 4. Mosaic code; 
the Old Testament. 5. Litigation. [A. S. 
lagu — root of LIE. Akin to L. lex.] 

SYN. Rule; edict; regulation; command; 
order; ordinance; decree; statute; enact-* 
ment; mode; method; sequence; principle; 
code; commandment; mandate. ANT. An- 
archy; chance; caprice. 

LAWFUL (la'fol), a. According to law; legal; 
rightful. 

LAWFULLY (la'fol-i), adv. In a lawful manner. 

LAWFULNESS (la'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being lawful. 

LAWGIVER (la'giv-er), n. Legislator. 

LAWLESS dales), a. 1. Unrestrained by law. 

I. Not according to law. 3. Outlawed. 
LAWLESSLY (la'les-li), adv. In a lawless way. 
LAWLESSNESS (la'les-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being lawless. 

LAWMAKER (la'ma-ker), n. Lawgiver; legis- 
lator. 

LAWN dan), I. n. Sort of fine linen or cambric. 

II. a. Made of lawn. [Orig. laune linen, 
(from Laon, France).] 

LAWN dan), n. Open space between woods; 

space of ground covered with short grass, 

generally in front of or around a house. [O. 

Fr. la tide, heath.] 
LAWN-TENNIS dan'ten-is), n. Kind of tennis 

played on an open lawn. 
LAWSUIT (la'sut), n. Action at law. 
LAWYEB (la'yer), n. One who practices, or is 

versed in, law; attorney; counselor. [From 

LAW and -ER.] 
LAX daks;, a. 1. Slack; loose; soft; flabby. 2. 

Not strict in discipline or morals. 3. Loose 

in the bowels. [L. laxus, loose.] 
LWATION daks-a'shun), n. Act of loosening 

or state of being loosened. 



LAXATIVE (laks'a-tiv), I. a. Having the power 
of loosening the bowels. II. n. Aperient 
medicine. 

LAXATOR (laks-a'tur), n. Muscle that relaxes 
an organ or part. 

LAXITY (laks'i-ti), LAXNESS (laks'nes), n. 
Quality or state of being lax. 

LAXLY (laks'li), adv. In a lax manner. 

LAY (la), v. Past tense of LIE, lay one's self 
down. 

LAY (la), v. [pr.p. LAYING; p.t. and p.p. LAID 
(lad).] I. vt. 1. Cause to lie down. 2. Place or 
set down. 3. Beat down. 4. Spread on a sur- 
face. 5. Impose; enjoin; inflict; assess. 6. 
Wager. 7. Calm; appease. S. Dispose reg- 
ularly or according to rule; as, to lay bricks. 

9. Present; as, to lay a bill before Congress. 

10. Bury; inter. 11. Set or place secretly, 
as a snare. 12. Impute; charge. 13. Fix; 
appoint. 14. Extrude, as an egg. 15. Set- 
tle; as, to lay the dust. 16. Arrange or place 
in proper order; as lay strands of rope or cable. 

11. vi. 1. Extrude eggs. 2. Wager. 3. Naut. 
31ove or stay; as, lay aloft or lay to. 4. Place 
wagers or bets. [A. S. lecgan — lag, Iceg, p.t. 
of licgan, lie.] 

LAY (la), n. 1. Placing or arranging of any- 
thing. 2. Manner in which anything lies or 
is placed. 

LAY (la), n. 1. Lyric or narrative poem. 2. 
Melody. [O. Fr. lai, song.] 

LAY (la), LAIC (la'ik), LAICAL (la'ik-al), a. 
Pertaining to the people; not clerical. iFr. 
lai — L.L. laicus — Gr. laikos — laos, people.] 

LAYER (la/er), n. Bed or stratum; shoot laid 
for propagation. [See 
LAY, vt.] 

LAYETTE (la-ef), n. Com-, 
plete wardrobe and ac- 
cessories for a newly-born 
infant. [Fr.] 

LAY-FIGURE (la'fig-ur), n. 
Jointed dummy, that can 
be draped and put in any 
pose. 

LAYMAN (la'man), n. [pi. 
LAY 'MEN.] 1. Man not 
a clergyman. 2. Non-professional man. 

LAZAR (la/zar), n. One afflicted with a loath- 
some disease. [It. lazzaro — Lazarus of the 
parable in Luke xvi.] 

LAZARETTO (laz-a-ret 6), LAZAR-HOUSE (la'- 
zar-hows), n. Public hospital for diseased 
persons, especially for such as have infectious 
disorders; pest-house. [It. lazzaretto.] 

LAZILY (la'zi-li), adv. In a lazy manner. 

LAZINESS (la'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lazy. 

LAZY (la'zi), a. [comp. LA'ZIER; superl. LA'- 
ZIEST.] Disinclined to exertion; slothful. [O. 
Fr. lasche — L. laxus, loose.] 

SYN. Indolent; sluggish; inactive; idle. 
ANT. Active; diligent; busy; industrious. 




Lay-figure. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



LAZZARONE 



667 



LEAN 



Lead. 



LAZZARONE (laz-a-ro'na), n. [pi. LAZZARONI 
(laz-a-ro'nS).] One of a class of loafers and 
beggars in Naples, Italy. [It., from Lazarus.] 

LEA, LEY (IS), n. Meadow; grass-land; pas- 
turage. [A. S. ledh.] 

LEACH (lech), v. [pr.p. LEACHING; p.t. and 
p.p. LEACHED (IScht).] I. vt. Wash by per- 
colation or draining, as ashes in making lye. 
II. vi. Come away by percolation. [A. S. 
leccan, moisten.] 

LEACH (lech), n. 1. Wood-ashes used for 
leaching. 2. Vat in which ashes, etc., are 
leached. 3. Act or process of leaching. 

LEAD (led), n. 1. Soft, heavy metal of a bluish- 
gray color. 2. Plummet for sound- 
ing at sea. 3. Thin plate of lead 
separating lines o2 type. 4. Graph- 
ite; black lead. [A. S. lead.] 

LEAD (led), vt. [pr.p. LEADING; p.t. 
and p.p. LEAD'ED.] 1. Cover or 
fit with lead. 2. Print. Separate 
or widen the space between, as lines 
of type, by inserting thin metal strips or leads. 

LEAD (led), v. [pr.p. LEAD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LED (led).] I. vt, 1. Show the way to by going 
first. 2. Guide by the hand. 3. Direct. 4. Pre- 
cede. 5. Keep in front of; be faster than. 6. 
Pass or spend, as to lead a miserable life. 7. 
Cause to pass or go through; as, to lead one 
a lively dance. 8. Cards. Regin a round or 
trick with. 9. Allure ; entice. II. vi. 1. Act 
as guide. 2. Have a direction toward; tend; 
extend; reach. 3. Re guided or led. 4. Have 
the post of preeminence. 5. Cards. Have 
the lead. [A. S. Icedan.] 

SYN. Conduct; guide; induce; com- 
mence; convoy; escort; head; excel; sur- 
pass; outstrip. ANT. Follow; chase; copy. 

LEAD (led), n. 1. First place; precedence. 2. 
Act of leading. 3. Cards. Right of playing 
first. 4. Mining. Small vein of ore, indi- 
cating proximity to a larger lode. 5. Naut. 
Course of a running rope from end to end. 6. 
Elec. Main conductor in electrical distribu- 
tion. 7. Open channel or passage through ice. 

LEADED (led'ed), a. 1. Fitted with or set in 
lead. 2. Print. Separated by leads, as the 
lines of a book. 

LEADEN (led'n), a. Made of lead; heavy; dull. 

LEADER (lSd'er), n. 1. One who leads or goes 
flrst; chief. 2. Leading editorial article in a 
newspaper. 3. The foremost horse of a pair, 
team or tandem. 4. Principal wheel in a ma- 
chine. 

SYN. Commander; captain; principal; 
conductor; guide. ANT. Follower; sub- 
ordinate; adherent; minion; vassal. 

LEADERSHIP (lSd'er-ship), n. Office or po- 
sition of a leader. 

LEADING (lSd'ing), a. Most important; chief. 
—Leading question, question so put to a wit- 
ness as to suggest the answer that is wished 
or expected. 




Leaf-insect (Phillium pulch- 
ri folium). 



LEAD-PENCIL (ledpen-sil), n. Pencil or in- 
strument for drawing, etc., made of graphite 
(black lead). 

LEAF (ISf), n. [pi. LEAVES (leva).] Thin, flat 
organ of plants emanating from the shoots 
and branches; anything wide and thin like a 
leaf, as a thin sheet of hammered gold, etc. 
[A.S.] 

LEAF (lef), vi. [pr.p. LEAFING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEAFED (left).] Put forth or produce leaves. 

LEAFAGE (ISf'aj), n. Leaves collectively; fo- 
liage. 

LEAF-INSECT (ISf'in-sekt), n. Insect having 
the form of a 
leaf. 

LEAFLESS def- 
ies), a. Desti- 
tute of leaves. 

LEAFLET (lSf- 
let), n. Little 
leaf. 

LEAFY (ISM), a. 
Full of leaves. 

LEAGUEilSg),w. 
Distance vary- 
ing greatly in 
different coun- 
tries. A sea league contains three geograph- 
ical miles of 6,080 feet each. [O. Fr. legue, of 
Celtic origin.] 

LEAGUE (ISg), n. Union or alliance for the pro- 
motion of mutual interest. [Fr. ligue — L. ligo, 
bind.] 

LEAGUE (ISg), v. [pr.p. LEAGUING (lS'ging) ; 
p.t. and p.p. LEAGUED (ISgd).] I. vt. Cause 
to combine in a league. II. vi. Form a league. 

LEAGUER (le'ger), n. One connected with a 
league. 

LEAK (lek), v. [pr.p. LEAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEAKED (lSkt).] I. vt. Allow to escape 
through some defect; as, the meter leaks gas. 
II. vi. 1. Let any fluid undesignedly pass 
in or out through a hole, crevice, or fissure. 
2. Ooze or pass through accidentally, as a 
liquid or fluid through a hole, crevice, or As- 
sure, or electricity through an imperfection 
in an insulator. [Ice. leha.] 

LEAK (lek), n. 1. Crack or hole that permits 
the escape or entrance of a liquid or fluid in- 
tended to be retained or excluded. 2. Act of 
leaking. 3. Point or place where a leak 
occurs. 

LEAKAGE (lek'aj), n. 1. That which enters or 
escapes by leaking. 2. Allowance for leak- 
ing. 

LEAKINESS (lSk'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being leaky. 

LEAKY (ISk'i), a. Having a leak or leaks. 

LEAL (lei), a. True-hearted; faithful. [Norm. 
Fr. leial, loyal.] 

LEAN (len), v. [pr.p. LEANING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEANED (lend) or LEANT (lent).] I. vt. 
Cause to lean; rest. II. vi. 1. Incline; bend 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch, 



LEAN 



668 



LECHEROUSLY 



3. Have a ten- 



Building having rafters 
wall or 



over. 2. Rest for support, 
dency. [A. S. hlinian.] 

LEAN (len), I. a. Wanting flesh; not fat. II. 
n. Flesh without fat. [A. S. hlcene.] 

STN. Gaunt; lank; meager; skinny; 
slender; thin; scant; poor. ANT. Fat; 
obese; portly; burly; fleshy; stout. 

IiEANDER (le-an'der), n. Greek Myth. Young 
Grecian of Abydos, famed as the lover of 
Hero, swimming the Hellespont each night to 
see her. He lost his life there on one stormy 
night. 

LEANING (len'ing), n. 1. Act or state of in- 
clining from the vertical. 2. Propensity; 
inclination; bias. 

LEANNESS (len'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lean. 

LEAN-TO (len'to), n 

leaning against or supported by 
other building. 

LEAP (lep), v. [pr.p. LEAP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEAPED (lept) or LEAPT (lept).] I. vt. 1. 
Jump or spring over. 2. Cause to jump or 
spring over. II. vi. 1. Spring upward or 
forward; make a bound. 2. Rush with ve- 
hemence. [A. S. hledpan.'] 

LEAP (lep), n. 1. Act of leaping. 2. Space 
passed by leaping. 3. Sudden transition. 

LEAP (lep), n. Wicker net. [A. S.] 

LEAP-FROG (lep'frog), n. Play in which one 
leaps over another. 

LEAP-YEAR (lep'yer), n. Year of 366 days, 
caused by adding one day to the month of 
February, usually every fourth year. 

LEARN (lern), v. [pr.p. LEARNING; p.t. and 
p.p. LEARNED (lernd) or LEARNT (lernt).] 

1. vt. 1. Acquire knowledge of; get to know. 

2. Gain power of performing. II. vi. 1. 
Gain knowledge. 2. Improve by example. 
[A. S. leornian.] 

SYN. Acquire; attain; imbibe; glean; 

get. ANT. Teach; instruct; forget; skip. 
LEARNED (lern'ed), a. Having leaning; versed 

in literature, etc.; erudite; scholarly. 
LEARNEDLY (lern'ed-li), adv. In a learned 

manner. 
LEARNER (lern'er), n. One who is taught; 

one who is learning; pupil; scholar. 
LEARNING (lern'ing), n. What is learned; 

knowledge; scholarship; skill in languages or 

science. 
LEASE (les), vt. [pr.p. LEAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

LEASED (lest).] 1. Let for a term of years 

or at will, as lands or tenements. 2. Take 

or hold under a lease. [Fr. laisser, leave — 

L. laxo, loosen — laxus, loose.] 
LEASE (les), n. 1. Letting of lands, tenements, 

or other real property for a definite period of 

time. 2. Contract for such letting. 3. Tenure. 
LEASEHOLD (les'hold), n. Tenure held by lease. 
LEASEHOLDER (les'hold-er), n. Tenant under 

a lease. 
LEASER (lcs'er), n. One who grants a lease. 



1. Lash or line by which a hawk 
held. 2. 




Bloodhounds in 
leash. 



LEASH (lesh),«.. 
or hound is 
Brace and a half; three. 
[O. Fr. lesse, thong — L. 
laxus, loose.] 

LEASH (lesh), vt. [pr.p, 
LEASH'ING; p.t. and p.p, 
LEASHED (lesht).] Hold 
or fasten by a leash. 

LEAST (lest), I. a. (Serves 
as superl. of LITTLE); 
little beyond all others; 
smallest. II. adv. In the smallest or lowest 
degree. [A. S. lest, contr. from Icesest; from 
root of LESS.] 

LEATHER (leth'ev), I. n. Prepared skin of an 
animal. II. a. Consisting of leather [A. S. 
lether.] 

LEATHERBACK (le*fc'er-bak), n. Species of 
soft-shell turtle, found in warm seas; it grows 
to six or eight feet in length. 

LEATHERN (leth'em), a. Made of or resem- 
bling leather. 

LEATHEROID (leffc'er-oid), n. 1. Kind of 
electrical insulating fiber. 2. Imitation 
leather. 

LEATHERY (lefft'er-i), a. Like leather; tough. 

LEAVE (lev), n. 1. Permission; liberty granted. 
2. Formal parting of persons; farewell. [A. 
S. leaf.] 

LEAVE (lev), v. [pr.p. LEAVING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEFT (left).] I. vt. 1. Allow to remain. 2, 
Abandon; resign; 3. Depart from. 4. Have 
remaining at death; bequeath. 5. Refer for 
decision. II. vi. 1. Go away; depart. 2. 
Desist; cease. — Leave alone, let remain un- 
disturbed. — Leave in the dark, conceal in- 
formation from. — Leave off, desist, terminate; 
give up using. — Leave out, omit. [A. S. Iwfan, 
leave.] 

LEAVE (lev), vi. [pr.p. LEAVING; p.t . and p.p. 
LEAVED (levd).] Put out leaves. 

LEAVED (levd), LEAFED (left), a. 1. Fur- 
nished with leaves; having a leaf. 2. Made 
with leaves or folds. 

LEAVEN (lev'n), n. 1. Ferment which makes 
dough rise in a spongy form. 2. Anything that 
works a general change. [Fr. levain — L. 
levamen — levo, raise.] 

LEAVEN (lev'n), vt. [pr.p. LEAVENING; p.t. 
and p.p. LEAVENED (lev'nd).] Produce fer- 
mentation in. 

LEAVER (lev'er), n. One who leaves; forsaker; 
quitter. 

LEAVES (levz), n. Plural of LEAF. 

LEAVINGS (lev'ingz), n.pl. Things left; relics; 
refuse. 

XjEBANON (leb'a-non), n. Mountain chain, 
Syria. 

LECHER (lech'er), n. Libertine. 

LECHEROUS (lech'er-us), a. Inclined to sen- 
suality; lewd. 

LECHEROUSLY (lech'er-us-li), adv. Lewdly. 



Iftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u^u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



LECTERN 



669 



LEGIBILITY 




LECTERN (lek'tern), n. Reading desk in a 
church. 

LECTURE (lek'tur), n. 1. In- 
structive discourse. 2. For- 
mal reproof. [Fr. — L. L. lectura 
— lego, read.] 

LECTURE (lek'tur), v. [pr.p. 
LECTURING; p.t. and p.p. 
LECTURED (lek'turd).] I. vt. 1. 
Instruct by discourses. 2. In- 
struct authoritatively. 3. Re- 
prove. II. vi. Read or deliver 
a lecture 

LECTURER (lek'tur-er), n. One 
who lectures. 

LED (led), v. Past tense and 
past participle of LEAD. 

LeDA (15 'da), n. Greek Myth* Mother of 
Helen, Castor and Pollux, and Clytemnes- 
tra, by Jupiter, who courted her in the form 
of a swan. 

LEDGE (lej), n. Shelf; that which resembles a 
shelf; ridge of rocks; layer; small molding. 
[A. S. lecgan, lay.] 

LEDGER (lej'er), n. Principal book of a mer- 
chant's accounts in which the entries in all 
other books are entered. 

LEE (15), I. n. Part toward which the wind 
blows. H. a. Pertaining to the side towards 
which the wind blows; as, in Zee-side, the 
sheltered side of a ship; Zee-shore, the shore 
opposite to the lee-side of a ship. [A. S. Meow, 
shelter.] 

LEECH (lech), n. 1. Blood-sucking worm. 2. 
Blood-drawing device. 3. Figuratively, a 
human parasite. [A.S. leech, physician.] 

LEECH (lech), vt. [pr.p. LEECHING; p.t. and 
p.p. LEECHED (lecht).] Apply leeches to. 

LEEDS (15dz), n. City in Yorkshire, England. 

LEEK (15k), n. Culinary veg- 
etable closely allied to the 
onion. [A. S. ledc] 

LEER (15r), n. Sly, sidelong 
look, expressive of a feel- 
ing of malice, amorousness, 
or triumph. [A. S. hleor, 
face, cheek.] 

LEER (15r), vi. [pr.p. LEER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. LEERED 
(lerd).] Look with a leer. 

LEERINGLY (ler'ing-li), adv. 
In a leering manner. 

LEES (15z), n.pl. Sediment or dregs that settle 
at the bottom of liquor. [Fr. lie. Origin 
doubtful.] 

LEEWARD (15'ward), I. a. Pertaining to or 
in the direction of the part toward which the 
wind blows. II. adv. Toward the lee. 

LEEWAY (le'wa), «. 1. Distance a ship is 
driven to leeward of her true course. 2. Loss 
of headway; falling behind. 

LEFT (left), v. Past tense and past participle of 
LEAVE. 




Leek. 



LEFT (left), I. a. Pertaining to that side of the 
body in which the heart is in man. II. n. 
Side opposite to the right. [A. S. left for lyft, 
weak.] 

LEFT-HANDED (left'hand-ed), a. 1. Having 
the left hand stronger and readier than the 
right. 2. Awkward; unlucky. 

LEG (leg), n. 1. One of the limbs by which ani- 
mals walk or crawl. 2. Elongated support 
of anything, as of a table. 3. Anything re- 
sembling a leg. [Ice. leggr.~\ 

LEGACY (leg'a-si), n. [pi. LEG'ACIES.] Be- 
quest of property. [L. legatum — lego, leave 
by will.] 

LEGAL (le'gal), a. Pertaining or according to 
law. [L. legalis — lex, legis, law.] 

SYN. Lawful; legitimate; constitutional; 
authorized; licit; rightful. ANT. Illegal; 
illegitimate; unlawful; unconstitutional. 

LEGALITY (le-gal'i-ti), n. [pi. LEGALITIES.] 
Quality or state of being legal; lawfulness; 
legitimacy. 

LEGALIZE (15'gal-iz), vt. [pr.p. LE'GALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. LEGALIZED (15'gal-izd).] Make 
legal or lawful. 

LEGALLY (le'gal-i), adv. In a legal or lawful 
manner. 

LEGATE (leg'at), n. Ambassador, especially 
from the Pope. [It. legato — L. lego, send.] 

LEGATEE (leg-a-te'), n. One to whom a legacy 
is left. 

LEGATION (le-ga'shun), n. 1. Person or per- 
sons sent as ambassador or embassy; deputa- 
tion. 2. Official residence or place of business 
of an ambassador or embassy. 

LEGATO (la-ga'to), a. Music. Smooth and 
connected. [It.] 

LEGEND (lej end), n. 1. Marvelous 
or romantic story from early times. 
2. Words on a coat of arms, medal, 
or coin, etc. [Fr. — L. legendum, 
to be read — lego, read.] 

LEGENDARY (lej'end-a-ri), a. 1. 
Of the nature of a legend. 2. Con- 
sisting of legends; fabulous. 

LEGERDEMAIN (lej-er-de-manO, n. 
Sleight-of-hand; jugglery. [Fr. 
leger de main, light of hand.] 

LEGGED (legd), a. Having legs. 

LEGGING (leg'ing), LEGGIN (leg'- 
in), n. Outer and extra gaiter-like 
covering for the leg. 

LEGHORN (leg'harn),It.LIVORNO (le-var'no), 
n. Seaport, Italy 

LEGHORN(leg'harn), n. 1. Fine 
plait for bonnets and hats 
made in Leghorn, Tuscany, 
Italy, from the straw of a vari- 
ety of wheat. 2. [L-] Breed of 
domestic fowl, usually either 
white or brown. 

LEGIBILITY (lej-i 
of being legible. 




Legging. 




White Leghorn. 

bil'i-ti), w. Quality or state 
[L. lego, read.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
xv=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



LEGIBLE 



670 



LENT 



LEGIBLE (lej'i-bl), a. That may be read; 

easy to read. 
LEGIBLENESS (lej'i-bl-nes), n. Legibility. 
LEGIBLY (lej'i-bli), adv. In a legible manner. 
LEGION (le'jun), n. 1. In ancient Rome, body 
of soldiers of from three to six thousand men. 
2. Any military force. 3. Great number. [L. 
Icyio — lego, choose, levy.] 
LEGISLATE (lej'is-lat), v. [pr.p. LEGISLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. LEGISLATED.] I. vt. 
Effect by means of legislation; as, legislate 
a person out of an office. II. vi. Enact a 
law or laws. [Formed from LEGISLATOR.] 
LEGISLATION (lej-is-la'shun), n. 1. Act of ma- 
king or enacting laws. 2. Laws enacted under 
due authority. 
LEGISLATIVE (lej'is-la-tiv), a. 1. Making, 
enacting or giving laws. 2. Done, produced, 
or enacted by legislation. 3. Pertaining to 
legislation or to a legislature. 
LEGISLATOR (lej'is-la-tur), n. One who makes 
laws; member of a legislature; lawgiver. [L. 
lex, legis, law, and lator, bearer — -latus, borne.] 
LEGISLATURE (lej'is-la-tur), n. Body of men 
in a state who have the power of making laws. 
LEGITI3IACY (le-jit'i-ma-si), w. The state of 

being according to law; regular descent. 
LEGITIMATE (le-jit'i-mat), a. Lawful; law- 
fully begotten; genuine; fairly deduced. [L. 
L. legitimatus, p.p. of legitime*, declare to be 
lawful — L. legitimus, legitimate.] 
LEGITIMATE (le-jit'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. LEGITI- 
MATING; p.t. and p.p. LEGITIMATED.] 1. 
Make lawful. 2. Cause to become legitimate, 
as a child unlawfully begotten. 
LEGITIMATELY (le-jit'i-mat-li), adv. In a le- 
gitimate or lawful manner. 
LEGITIMATENESS (le-jit'i-mat-nes), n. Legiti- 
macy. 
LEGITIMATION (le-jit-i-ma'shun), n. Act of 

making legitimate. 
LEGITIMATIZE (le-jit'i-ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. LE- 
GIT 'IMATIZING; p.t. and p.p. LEGITIMA- 
TIZED (le-jit'i-ma-tizd).] Legitimate. 
LEGITIMIST (le-jit'i-mist), n. 1. One who 
supports legitimate authority. 2. [L-] In 
France, one who supported the older line of 
Bourbon, descendants of Louis XIV. 
LEGITIMIZE (le-jit'i-miz), vt. [pr.p. LEGITI- 
MIZING; p.t. and p.p. LEGITIMIZED (le-jit'i- 
mizd ■.] Make legitimate. 
LEGUME (leg'um), n. Seed-vessel which splits 
into two halves, having the seeds attached 
to the ventral suture only; pod, as of the pea, 
bean, etc. [Fr. — L. legumen, that may be 
stripped.] 
LLGLMIN, LEGUMINE (le-gu'min), n. Vege- 
table casein. 
LEGUMINOUS (le-gu'mi-nus), a. 1. Pertaining 
to legume-hearing plants. 2. Producing 
legumes. 

Leipsic, Leipzig oip'sik) n. city in saxony, 

Germany. 




Growing Lemons. 




Varied Lemur 
(Lemur varius). 



LEISURE (le'zhor or lezh'or), I. n. Freedom 
from occupation. II. a. 
Unoccupied. [O. Fr. leisir 
— I^.licet, it is permitted.] 
LEISURELY (le'zhor-li or 
lezh'or-li), I. adv. With- 
out hurry or haste; de- 
liberately. II. a. Slow; 
deliberate. 
LEMMING (lem'ing), n. 
Arctic species of wander- 
ing mouso. 
LEMON (lem'un), n. 1. 
Oval acid fruit of the 
lemon-tree (Citrus med- 
ica litnon). 2. Tree that 
bears lemons. [Fr. litnon — Pers. limun.] 
LEMONADE (lem-un-ad'), n. Drink made of 

lemon-juice, water and sugar. 
LeMUR (le'mur), n. 1. Genus 
of mammals related to the 
monkeys, of nocturnal habits, 
common in Madagascar. 2. [1-] 
Animal of the genus Lemur. 
[L. lemur, ghost.] 
LEND (lend), v. [pr.p. LEND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. LENT 
(lent).] I. vt. 1. Grant the 
use of for a time. 2. Afford 
or grant, in general. 3. Let 
for hire. II. vi. 3Iake a loan 
or loans. [A. S. Imnan. See LOAN.] 
LENDER (lend'er), n. One who makes loans. 
LENGTH (length), n. 1. Longest measure of 
any object. 2. Extent in point of time; dur- 
ation. 3. Reach or expansion of anything. 
4. [pl.~\ Extreme proceedings. [A. S.] 
LENGTHEN (length'en), v. [pr.p. LENGTHEN- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. LENGTHENED (length'- 
end).] I. vt. Make long or longer. II. vi. 
Grow long or longer. 
LENGTHWAYS (length'waz), LENGTHWISE 
Uength'wiz), adv. In the direction of length. 
LENGTHY (length'i), a. Of great length. 
LENIENCY (le'ni-en-si), n. Quality or state of 

being lenient. 
LENIENT (le'ni-ent), a. 3Iild; merciful. [L. 

lenis, soft.] 
LENITIVE (len'i-tiv), I. a. Softening or miti- 
gating. II. n. Application for easing pain. 
LENITY (len'i-ti), n. Mildness; clemency. 
LENS (lenz), n. Piece of glass or other trans- 
parent sub- 
stance with 
one or both 
sides convex 
or concave. 

Lent dent), 

n. Fast of 

forty days, 

beginning 

with Ash-Wednesday and continuing till 

Easter. [A. S. lencten, spring.] 




1. Double-convex. 2. Plano-convex. 3. Con- 
vexo-plane. 4. Double-concave, or concavo- 
concave. 5. Plano-concave. 6. Concavo-plane. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch yude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch Loch, ' 



LENTEN 



671 



LETTERED 



Relating to or used in 




LENTEN (lent'en), a. 

Lent; meager. 
LENTICULAR (len-tik'u- 

lar), LENTIFORM (len'- 

ti-farm), a. Resembling 

a lens or lentil; double 

convex. [L. lenticula, dim* 

of lens, lentil.] 
LENTIL (lentil), n. 1. An- 
nual leguminous plant. 

2. Its edible seeds of a 

flat, circular shape. [Fr. 

lentille — L. lens.] 
LeO (le'6), n. The lion, 

fifth ^gn of the zodiac. 

Leonid (ie'o-nid), n. [pi. 

LEONIDES (le-on'i-dez).] 
group of meteors appearing annually in No- 
vember — profusely every 33 years. 

LEONINE (le 6-nin), a. 1. Like a lion. 2. 
Consisting of rhym ing hexameters. 

LEOPARD (lep'ard), n. Fe- 
rocious spotted animal of 
the cat-kind, found prin- 
cipally in Asia and Africa. 
[Gr. leon, lion, and pardos, I 
pard.] 

LEOPARD 3IOTH (lep'ard- _ .,_,. , , 

math), n. Moth with Leopard (Felts pardus) . 

wings spotted like a leopard found among the 
trees growing on the Atlantic coast of the United 
States, and whose larvse are very destructive. 



Lentil (Lentilla lens) . 
Astron. One of a 





LEPER (lep'er), n. One affected 
with leprosy. [Fr. lepre — L. and 
Gr. lepra — Gr. lepo, peel.] 

LEPROSY (lep'ro-si), n. Conta- 
gious disease of the skin caused 
by a bacillus and marked by a 
scurvy scab. 

LEPROUS (lep'rus), a. Affected 
with leprosy. 

LeRNA (ler'na), n. Greek Myth. 
The marsh where Hercules slew 
the many-headed monster. 

LESE-MAJESTIE, lese-maj- 
esty (lez-maj'es-ti), n. Of- 
fense against the sovereign 
power; treason. [Fr. lese-majeste 
— L.L. Icesa majestas — L. Icesa — 
majestas, majesty.] 

LESION (le'zhun), n. 1. Injury; 



Leopardmoth 

(Zeuzera pyr- 
ina). 

1. Male leopard- 
moth. 2. Larva. 



Icedo, hurt, and 



wound. 2. 
Pathol. Morbid change of organ or tissue. [Fr.] 



-LESS, suffix. Used to form adjectives with a 
privative or negative meaning, as fatherless; 
faithless; endless; penniless. 

LESS (les), I. a. (Serves as comp. of LITTLE.) 
Diminished; smaller. II. adv. Not so much; 
in a lower degree. [A. S. Icessa — las, weak.] 

LESSEE (les-e'), n. One to whom a lease is 
granted; tenant by lease. 

LESSEN (les'n), v. [pr.p. LESSENING; p.t. and 
p.p. LESSENED (les'nd).] I. vt. Make less; 
weaken; degrade. II. vi. Become less. 

LESSER (les'er), a. Smaller; inferior. [A dou- 
ble comp. formed from LESS.] 

LESSON (les'n), n. 1. Part read or learned at 
one time. 2. Precept or doctrine inculcated; 
instruction derived from experience. 3. Por- 
tion of Scripture read in divine service. 4. 
Severe lecture. [Fr. lecon — L. lectio — lego, 
read.] 

LESSON (les'n), vt. [pr.p. LES'SONING; p.t. and 
p.p. LESSONED (les'nd).] Instruct; teach. 

LESSOR (les-ar'), n. One who grants a lease. 

LEST (lest), conj. That . . . not; for fear that. 
[A. S. thy Ices the, that the less.] 

LET (let), vt. [pr.p. LETTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LET.] 1. Give leave or power to; allow; 
permit; suffer. 2. Grant to a tenant or hirer; 
rent; lease. [A. S. Icetan, permit.] 

LET (let), n. Hindrance; obstruction; obstacle; 

impediment. 
LET (let), vt. [pr.p. LETTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LET or LET'TED.] Hinder; obstruct; oppose; 
retard. [A. S. lettan — Icet, slow.] 
-LET, suffix. Forms derivatives with diminu- 
tive force; as, stream, streamlet. [Fr. -et.] 
LETHAL (le'thal), a. Blotting out; deadly. [L. 

lethum, death.] 
LETHARGIC (le-thar'jik), LETHARGICAL (le- 
thar'jik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to lethargy. 

2. Unnaturally sleepy; drowsy. 
LETHARGY (leth'ar-ji), n. 1. Heavy unnatural 

slumber; dullness. 2. Inactivity; indiffer- 
ence. [Gr. lethargia — lethe, forgetfulness.] 

LETHE (le'the), n. Greek Myth. 1. Fabled 
river of hell said to cause forgetfulness of the 
past to all who drank of its waters. 2. Ob- 
livion. [Gr.] 

LETHEAN le-the'an), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
River Lethe. 2. Causing forgetfulness or 
oblivion. 

LETO (le'to), w. Greek Myth. Wife of Zeus 
prior to his marriage with Hera. Known as 
Latona among the Romans. 

LETTER (let'er), n. 1. Conventional mark to 
represent a sound. 2. Written or printed 
message. 3. Literal meaning. 4. [pi.] Learn- 
ing. [Fr. lettre — L. littera.] 

LETTER (let'er), vt. [pr.p. LETTERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LETTERED (let'erd).] Inscribe, 
stamp, or work letters upon. 

LETTERED (let'erd), a. 1. Marked with 
letters. 2. Educated; versed in literature. 

3. Belonging to learning. 



fate, fat task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1&h=ch in Scotch loch. 



LETTERGRAM 



672 



LEWIS 



LETTERGRAM (let'er-gram), n. Letter sent 
by telegraph during the night and for which 
:i much smaller charge is made than for an 
ordinary telegraph despatch. 

LETTERING (let'er-ing), n. 1. Act of impress- 
ing letters. 2. Letters impressed. 

LETTERPRESS (let'er-pres), n. Printed read- 
ing matter as distinguished from illustra- 
tions. 

LETTUCE (let'is), n. Plant, the leaves of 
which are used as a salad. [0. Fr. laictuce — 
L. lactuca — lac, milk, from its milky juice.] 

LEUCOCYTE (lu'ko-sit), n. One of the colorless 
protoplasmic particles in the hlood and lymph 
having powers of locomotion, and very de- 
structive to micro-organisms. [Gr. leukos, 
white, and -CYTE.] 

LEUCOSIS (lu-ko'sis), n. Whiteness of skin; 
pallor. [Gr. leukos, white.] 

LEVANT (le-vanf), n. 1. The coasts of the 
Mediterranean east of Italy. 2. Easterly 
wind on the Mediterranean. [Fr., the east.] 

LEVANT (lev'ant), a. Rising. [O. Fr.] 

LEVANT (le-vanf), vi. [pr.p. LEVANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. LEVANTED.] Run away with- 
out paying; decamp. [Sp. levantar el campo, 
break up camp.] 

LEVANTINE (le-vant'in), a. Belonging to the 
Levant. 

LEVEE (lev-e'), n. 1. Morning assembly of 
visitors. 2. Assembly received by a sov- 
ereign or other great personage. 

LEVEE (lev-e'), n. Embankment along a river, 
to prevent inundation. [Fr. levee, rising.] 

LEVEL (lev'el), I. n. 1. Horizontal line or plane. 
2. Proper position. 3. Usual or average eleva- 
tion. 4. State of equality. 5. Line of 
direction. 6. Instrument for showing the 
horizontal. II. a. Horizontal; even with 
anything else. [O. Fr. livel — L. libella, dim. 
of libra, balance.] 





Wooden single level with plumb. 

B. Metallic double level with plumb. 

C. Mason's level. 

LEVEL ricv'el), ef. [pr.p. LEVELING; p.u and 
/>.;>. LEVELED (lev'eld).] 1. Make hori- 
zontal. I. Make flat or smooth. 3. Make 
equal. 1. Take aim with. 

LEVELEB (lev'el-er), n. 1. One that levels. 2. 
Opposcr of social distinctions. 



LEVELING (lev'el-ing), n. 1. Act of making 
level. 2. Act of pulling down to the ground. 
3. Act of determining the comparative levels 
of different points or places. 

LEVELNESS (lev'el-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being level. 

LEVER (le'ver or lev'er), n. Bar or other rigid 
piece of metal or wood turning on a support 
called the fulcrum or prop, for the purpose of 
giving increased power and force to overcome 
resistance of heavy weights. [Fr. levier — L. 
levator, lifter — levo, raise.] 

LEVERAGE (lever-aj or lev er-aj), n. Mechan- 
ical power gained by the use of the lever. 

LEVERET (lev'er-et), n. Hare in its first year. 
[O. Fr. levrault — L. lepus, hare.] 

LEVIABLE (lev'i-a-bl), a. That may be assessed 
and collected. 

LEVIATHAN (le-vi'a-than), n. 1. Huge aquatic 
animal, described in the Book of Job. 2. Any- 
thing of huge size. [Heb. Uvydthdn.] 

LEVIGATE (lev'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. LEVIGATING; 
p.t. and p.p. LEVIGATED.] Free from grit; 
work smooth; mix thoroughly. [L. levis, 
smooth.] 

LeVITE (le'vit), n. 1. Descendant of Levi. 2. 
Inferior priest of the ancient Jewish Church. 
[From Levi, son of Jacob.] 

LeVITICAL (le-viti-kal), a. Of or pertaining 
to the Levites. — Levitical degrees, those de- 
grees of kindred within which persons were 
forbidden to marry in Leviticus xviii. 6-18. 

LEVITICUS (le-vit'i-kus), n. Third book of the 
Old Testament containing the ceremonial 
law. 

LEVITY (lev'i-ti), n. 1. Lightness of weight. 
2. Lack of earnestness or due respect. [L. 
levitas — levis, light.] 

SYN. Flightiness; thoughtlessness; friv- 
olity; inconstancy; giddiness; vanity. ANT. 
Earnestness; seriousness; gravity; thought- 
fulness; steadiness; sobriety. 

LEVULOSE (lev'u-los), n. Chem. A sugar 
isomeric with dextrose, but turning the plane 
of polarization to the left. [L. Icevus, left.] 

LEVY (lev'i), vt. [pr.p. LEVYING; p.t. and p.p. 
LEVIED (lev'id).] 1. Collect by assessment; 
as, to levy a tax. 2. Exact by force or com- 
pulsion. 3. Raise or call out by authority ; as, 
to levy troops. 4. Law. Seize in execution or 
by way of distress. — Levy war, raise or begin 
a war. [Fr. lever — L. levo 9 raise.] 

LEVY (lev'i), n. 1. Act of collecting by author- 
ity. 2. Troops or money so collected. 3. 
Legal seizure of property. 

LEWD (lud or lod), a. Licentious; unchaste 
[A. S. Imwed, vulgar.] 

LEWDLY (lud'li), adv. In a lewd manner. 

LEWDNESS (lud'nes), n. Licentiousness; un- 
chasteness. 

LEWIS (lu 'is), n. 1. Wedge-shaped tenon, fitted 
into a mortise in a large stone, and used to 
hoist it. 2. Kind of large shears. 



fate, fat, task, far, Call, fnre, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



LEXICOGRAPHER 



673 



LIBRETTIST 




LEXICOGRAPHER (leks-i-kog'ra-fer), n. One 
who compiles a dictionary. 

LEXICOGRAPHIC (leks-i-ko-graf'ik), LEXI- 
COGRAPHICAL (leks-i-ko-graf'ik-al), a. Of 
or pertaining to lexicography. 

LEXICOGRAPHY (leks-i-kog'ra-fi), n. Act or 
art of writing a dictionary. [Gr. lexihon, of 
and grapho, write.] 

LEXICON (leks'i-kon), n. Dictionary, especially 
Greek or Hebrew. [Gr. lexis, word.] 

LEXINGTON (leks'ing-tun), n. Town in Massa- 
chusetts. 

LeYDEN (li'den), n. City, S. Holland, on the 
Rhine. 

IjEYDEN-JAR (li'den-jar), n. 
Glass jar lined inside and out- 
side with tinfoil for about two 
thirds of its height, used as 
a condenser of electricity. 

LE ABILITY (li-a-bil'i-ti), n. 1. 
State of being liable. 2. Debt; 
obligation. Battery of Ley- 

LIABLE (li'a-bl), a. 1. Bound in den-jars. 
law or equity; answerable. 2. Exposed to 
error, evil, etc. [Fr. Her — L. ligo, bind.] 

SYN. Responsible; apt; subject; fit; 
likely; prone; accountable; amenable. ANT. 
Independent; autocratic; unamenable. 

LIAISON (le-a-zang'), n. Illicit love-affair; 
intrigue; intimacy. [Fr.] 

LIAR (li'ar), n. One who lies, or utters false- 
hoods. 

LIBATION (li-ba'shun), n. 1. Act of pouring 
out wine in honor of a deity. 2. Liquid 
poured. [L. — Gr. leibo, pour.] 

LIBEL (li'bel), n. 1. Malicious defamatory 
publication. 2. Statement of a plaintiff's 
grounds of complaint in a court of admiralty. 
[L. libellus, dim. of liber, book.] 

LIBEL (li'bel), vt. [pr.p. LIBELING; p.t. and 
p.p. LI'BELED (li'beld).] 1. Defame by libel; 
satirize unfairly; lampoon. 2. Proceed 
against, in a court of admiralty. 

LIBELER (li'bel-er), n. One who libels. 

LIBELOUS (li'bel-us), a. Of the nature of a 
libel; containing a libel. 

LIBER (liber), n. 1. Book. 2. Inner bark of 
exogenous plants. [L.] 

LIBERAL (lib'er-al), I. a. 1. Generous; noble- 
minded. 2. Broad; not orthodox or con- 
servative. 3. Ample; profuse. II. n. One 
who advocates greater freedom in religion or 
political institutions. [Fr. — liberalis, befitting 
a freeman — liber, free.] 

LIBERALISM (lib'er-al-izm), n. Principles of 
a liberal in politics or religion. 

LIBERALITY (lib-er-al'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being liberal; generosity; ' largeness or no- 
bleness of mind. 

LIBERALIZE (lib'er-al-Iz), vt. [pr.p. LIBER- 
ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. LIBERALIZED (lib- 
er-al-izd).] Make liberal; free from nar- 
rowness or bigotry. 




Arthur Barclay, 
elected president 
of Liberia 1903. 



LIBERALLY (lib'er-al-i), adv. In a liberal 
manner. 

LIBERATE (lib'er-at), vt. [pr.p. LIBERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. LIB'ERATED.] Set free; re- 
lease from restraint, con- 
finement or bondage. 

LIBERATION (lib-er-a'- 
shun), n. Act of libera- 
ting or state of being lib- 
erated. 

LIBERATOR (lib'er-a-tur), 
n. One who liberates or 
frees. 

LIBERIA (H-be'ri-a), n. Ne- 
gro republic, W. coast of 
Africa. Area 45,000 sq. m. 

LlBERIAN (li-be'ri-an), n. 
Native or inhabitant of 
Liberia, a negro republic in West Africa. 

LIBERTINE (lib'er- 
tin), n. One who 
leads a licentious 
life; rake. [L. li- 
bertinus, freed- 
man.] 

LIBERTY (lib'er-ti), 
n. [pi. LIB'ER- 
TIES.] 1. Freedom 
from restraint. 2. 
Unrestrained en- 
joyment of natural 
rights. 3. Privilege. 

4. Transgression of 
another's rights; 
act of impudence. 

5. Power of choice. 
[L. libertas.] 

LIBIDINOUS (li-bid'- Liberty enlightening the 

v „ w world. Famous Bartholdi 

l-nus), a. LUar- statue on Bedloe's Island 
acterized by lewd- in New York harbor at en- 
ness; lewd; wan- trance to New York City. 
ton; lascivious. [L. libidio, pleasure, desire.] 

LlBOCEDRUS (H-bo-se'drus), n. Genus of 
evergreen coniferous trees. One 
species (L. decurrens), found in 
the Sierras of California, grows 
to the height of 150 feet, with a 
trunk six to eight feet in diam- 
eter, and perfectly free from 
branches for seventy to one 
hundred feet. 

LlBRA (li'bra), n. The balance, 
the seventh sign of the zodiac. 
[L., pair of scales.] 

LIBRARIAN (li-bra'ri-an), n. Branchof ?£" 
Keeper of a library. [L. librarius, decurrens). 
transcriber.] 

LIBRARY (llbra-ri), n. [pi. LIBRARIES.] 1. 
Collection of books. 2, Building or room con- 
taining a collection of books. [L. liber, 
book.] 

LIBRETTIST (li-bret'ist), n. Composer of a 
libretto. 





fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



LIBRETTO 



674 



LIFELESSLY 



LIBRETTO (li-bret'6), n. Book containing the 
words of an opera or other musical compo- 
sition. [It. dim. of libro — L. liber, book.] 

LICE (lis), n. Plural of LOUSE. 

LICENSE (lTsens), n. 1. Leave; permission. 2. 
Document by which authority is conferred. 
;*. Kxecss or abuse of freedom. [Fr. — L. lie- 
cut ia — licet, it is allowed.] 

LICENSE Ui'sens), vt. [pr.p. LI'CENSING; p.t. 
and p.p. LICENSED (li'senst).] 1. Grant li- 
cense to. 2. Authorize; permit. 

LICENTIATE (Ii-sen'shi-at), n. 1. One who has 
a license to exercise the functions of a pro- 
fession. 2. University degree between those of 
bachelor and doctor. 

LICENTIOUS (li-sen'shus), a. Indulging in ex- 
cessive freedom; dissolute. [Fr. licencieux — 
L. licenliosus.] 

LICENTIOUSLY (li-sen'shus-li), adv. In a li- 
centious manner. 

LICENTIOUSNESS (li-sen'shus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being licentious. 

LICHEN (li'ken or lich'en), n. 1. One of an or- 
der of cellular, flowerless plants. 2. Kind of 
skin disease. [Gr. leicho, lick.] 

LICH-GATE (lichgat), n. Churchyard gate with 
a porch to rest the bier under. [A. S. lie (Ger. 
Uiche), corpse, and GATE.] 

LICIT (lis'it), a. Lawful; permissible. 

LICK (lik), v. [pr.p. LICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
LICKED (likt).] I. vt. 1. Pass the tongue 
over. 2. Lap; as a cat licks milk. 3. Chas- 
tise; flog; beat. 4. Conquer; master. II. 
ri. 1. Taste good when licking. 2. Come 
out ahead in a contest. [A. S. liccian.] 

LICK (lik), n. 1. Act of licking. 2. Place 
where salt is deposited, as a salt spring, where 
animals come to lick it. 3. Tiny amount. 
4. Whack or blow. 5. [pi.] Efforts; as, he 
put in his best licks. 

LICKER (llk'er),n. One who or that which licks. 

LICKERISH (lik'er-ish), a. 1. Dainty. 2. Eager 
to taste or enjoy. 

LICKING aik'ing), n. Thrashing; beating. 

LICORICE Hik'ur-is), n. Plant having a sweet 
root, from which is extracted the residue of 
an infusion which, when combined with sugar, 
forms the common stick licorice. [Gr. glykys, 
sweet, and rhiza, root.] 

LICTOR lik'tur;, n. Officer or guard attending 
a Roman magistrate, bearing an ax in a 
bundle of rods. [L.; from ligo, bind.] 

I J I) lid I, n. l. That which covers, closes, or 
shuts; cover; cap. 2. Eyelid. 3. One of th<i 
Side* of a book-cover. (Colloq.) [A. S. Mid.] 

LIE II), it. [pr.p. LYING; p.t. and p.p. LIED 
li'l .J l. Utter a falsehood with an inten- 
tion to deceive. 2. Make a false represen- 
tation. [A. S. leogan.] 
1 M: U < "• 1. Anything meant to deceive; in- 
tentional violation of truth. 2. Anything 
EftlM and deceptive. [A. S. lige — leogan, lie.] 
NVx. Falsehood; untruth; fabrication ; de- 



ANT. Truth; 



ception; subterfuge; evasion, 
fact; veracity. 
LIE (li), vi. [pr.p. LYING; p.t. LAY (la); p.p. 
LAIN (Ian).] 1. Rest in a reclining posture. 

2. Press upon. 3. Be situated. 4. Abide. 
5. Consist. 6. In law, be sustainable. [A. 
S. licgan.] 

SYN. Rest; repose; be; remain. ANT. 
Rise; move; stir; stand. 

LIE (li), n. 1. Manner of lying; lay. 2. Ani- 
mal's lair. 3. Railroad siding. 

LIEF (lef), adv. Gladly; willingly, chiefly used 
in the phrase, "I had as lief.'* [A. S. leof. 
—Ger. lieb, loved.] 

LlEGE (le-azh), n. City in Belgium. 

LIEGE (lej), I. a. 1. Under a feudal tenure. 2. 
Sovereign or having lieges. II. n. 1. One 
under a feudal tenure; vassal. 2. Lord or su- 
perior or one who has lieges. [Fr. lige, which 
prob. is derived from O. Ger. ledic (Ger. ledig), 
free, unfettered.] 

LIEN (le'en, len or li'en), n. 1. Right in one to 
retain the property of another to pay a claim. 

3. Legal charge or claim upon property. [Fr., 
tie, band — L. ligamen — ligo, bind.] 

LIEU (lu), n. Place; stead. [Fr., place.J 

LIEUTENANCY (lu-ten'an-si), n. Office, rank, 
or commission of a lieutenant. 

LIEUTENANT (lu-ten'ant), n. 1. Officer hold- 
ing the place of another in his absence. 2. 
Commissioned officer in the army next below 
a captain, or in the navy next below lieuten- 
ant-commander. 3. One holding a place 
next in rank to a superior, as lieutenant- 
colonel, lieutenant-general. [Fr. lieu, place, 
and tenant, holding.] 

LIFE (lif), n. [pi. LIVES (livz).] 1. State of 
living; animate existence. 2. Period between 
birth and death; present state of existence. 3. 
Manner of living; moral conduct. 4. Vital 
force; animation. 5. Living being. 6. Sys- 
tem of animal development. 7. Social state; 
human affairs. 8. Narrative of a life. 9. 
Living semblance; actual likeness. [A.S. lif.] 

SYN. Vitality; existence; duration; con- 
dition; conduct; animation; vivacity. ANT. 
Mortality; death; decease; non-existence; 
lifelessness; torpor; dissolution. 

LIFE-BLOOD (lifblud), n. 1. Blood necessary 
to life; vital blood. 2. That which gives 
strength or life. 

LIFEBOAT (lifbot), n. Boat of great buoyancy 
for saving shipwrecked persons. 

LIFE-INSURANCE (Hf'in-shor-ans), n. Con- 
tract by which a sum of money is insured to 
be paid at the close of a person's life. 

LIFELESS (lif'les), a. 1. Dead; inanimate. 2. 
Devoid of life or living beings. 3. Dull; 
heavy; spiritless. 4. Vapid; flat; tasteless. 

SYN. Dead; defunct; inanimate; inert; 
spiritless; dull; torpid. 

LIFELESSLY (lif'les-li), adv. In a lifeless man- 
ner; without spirit; heavily; dully. 



fate, fat. task, far, fall f&re, **>** ^met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u_u in Scotch gude, oil, owl, Men, kh=cfi, in Scotch loch. 



LIFELESSNESS 



675 



LIGHTSHIP 



One who or that which lifts. 
Thief, chiefly in compo- 



LIFELESSNESS (lif'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being lifeless. 

LIFELIKE (lif'lik), a. True to life; accurate. 

LIFELONG (lif'lang), a. During the length of a 
life. 

LIFE-PRESERVER (lif'pre-zerv-er), n. Device 
to save one from drowning. 

LIFETIME (lif'tim), n. Period during which 
life continues. 

LIFT (lift), v. [pr.p. LIFTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIFT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Bring to a higher posi- 
tion; elevate; exalt. 2. Take and carry away 
II. vi. Rise and disappear. [Ice. lypta — - 
lopt, the air.] 

LIFT (lift), n. 1. Act of lifting. 2. That which 
is to be raised. 3. That which lifts, as a 
hoisting machine, elevator, etc. 4. Distance 
through which something is lifted. 5. Help- 
ing hand; assistance. 

LIFT (lift), v. [pr.p. LIFT'ING; p.U and p.p. 
LIFT'ED.] I. vt. Remove or carry off like a 
thief; steal. II. vi. Steal; thieve. [Goth. 
hlifan, steal.] 

LIFTER (lifter), n. 

LIFTER (lift'er), n. 

sition; as, a shop-Zi/ter. 

LIGA31ENT (lig'a-ment), n. 1. Anything that 
binds. 2. Membrane connecting movable 
bones or holding an organ in position. [L. 
ligamentum — ligo, bind.] 

IGAN (H'gan), n. Law. Goods sunk at sea, 
with a float attached for recovery. [L. II- 
gatnen, band.] 

LIGATURE (lig'a-tur), n. 1. Binding; bandage. 
2. Cord or wire for tying blood vessels, etc. 
[L. ligo, bind.] 

IilGEIA (li-je'i-a), n. Greek Myth. One of the 
Sirens. 

LIGHT (lit), n. 1. Agent by which objects are 
rendered visible. 2. That which gives light, 
as the sun, a candle, etc. 3. Daylight; day. 4 
Opening or window admitting light. 5. Illu- 
minated part of a picture. 6. 3Iental or 
spiritual illumination; enlightenment; knowl- 
edge. 7. Point of view. [A. S. leoht.] 

LIGHT (lit), v. [pr.p. LIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIGHT'ED or LIT (lit).] I. vt. 1. Give light to. 
2. Set fire to. 3. Attend with a light. II. vi. 

1. (With up) become bright or illuminated. 

2. Take fire. 

LIGHT (lit), a. 1. Not dark; bright; clear; as, 
a light room. 2. Not dark in color; fair. 
[A. S. liht.~\ 

LIGHT (lit), a. 1. Of little weight; not heavy. 
2. Of short weight. 3. Easily suffered or 
performed. 4. Easily digested. 5. Not 
heavily armed; as, light infantry. 6. Active. 
7. Not heavily burdened. 8. Unimportant. 
9. Not dense or copious or intense. 10. 
Cheerful; gay; lively; amusing. 11. Loose; 
sandy. 12. Giddy; dizzy. [A. S. leoht.] 

LIGHT (lit), adv. 1. Easily. 2. Cheaply. 

LIGHT (lit), vi. [pr.p. LIGHTING; p.t. and p.p. 



LIGHT'ED or LIT (lit).] 1. Descend from 
flight, as a bird. 2. Descend from a horse or 
carriage. 3. Come (upon) by chance or sud- 
denly. 4. Relieve (a horse) of his burden. [A.S. 
Uhtan.] 

LIGHTEN (lit'n), v. [pr.p. LIGHTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. LIGHTENED (lit'nd).] I. vt. Make 
light or clear; illuminate with knowledge. 
II. vi. 1. Shine like lightning; flash. 2. 
Become less dark. 

LIGHTEN (lit'n), vt. [pr.p. LIGHTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. LIGHTENED (lit'nd).] Make lighter 
or less heavy; alleviate; cheer. 

LIGHTER (liter), n. Large open boat used in 
unloading and loading ships too large to reach 
the wharf. 

LIGHTERAGE (lit'er-aj), n. Process of con- 
veying passengers and goods in lighters. 

LIGHTERMAN (liter-man), n. Man whofol- 
lows the lighterage business, or who attends 
to the duties on board a lighter. 

LIGHTHOUSE (lit'hows), n. Tower 
or structure with a light at the 
top to guide mariners at night. 

LIGHTLY (lit'li), adv. 1. Without 
weight. 2. Without deep impres- 
sion. 3. Not grievously; slightly. 

4. In a light, trifling manner. 

5. Without sufficient cause or 
reason. 6. Without exertion; 
easily. 7 Nimbly; swiftly. 8. 
Cheerfully; gayly. 9. Not highly. 

LIGHTNESS (lit'nes), n. State of 
being light or bright. 

LIGHTNESS (lit'nes), n. 1. State 

of having but little weight. 2. Lighthouse, 
Action that is easy and without sectional 
much effort. 3. Litheness ; buoy- 
ancy; indifference. 4. Exuberance; spright- 
liness. 5. Leavening in baking. 

LIGHTNING (lit'ning), n. Electric flash, gen- 
erated in the clouds, usually followed by thun- 
der. 

LIGHTNING-ROD (lit'ning-rod), n. Metallic 
rod for protecting buildings from lightning. 

LIGHTS (Hts), n.pl. Lungs of animals. [From 
their light weight.] 





Lightship 

LIGHTSHIP (lit'ship), n. Vessel carrying aloft 
warning lights. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



LIGHTS03IE 



676 



LIMESTONE 



Light; lively; gay; 



LIGHTSOME (lit'sum), a. 
cheering* 

LIGHTWEIGHT (lit'wat), a. Sporting term. 
Of weight less than 133 pounds in boxing. 

LIGNEOUS (lig'ne-us), a. Wooden; woody; 
made of wood. [L. ligneus — lignum, wood. 

LIGNITE (lig'nit), n. Coal retaining the texture 
of wood. 

LIGNUM- VTT.dE (lig'num-vi'te), n. South Amer- 
ican tree with very hard wood. 

LIGULE (lig'ul), n. 1. Flat part of the leaf of a 
grass. 2. Strap-shaped petal. [L. ligula, 
dim. of lingua, tongue.] 

LIKE (lik), I. a. Equal in quantity, quality, or 
degree; similar. II. n. 1. Like thing or 
person; resemblance. 2. Liking. III. adv. 
In the same manner. [A. S. gelic — ge, togeth- 
er, and lie, body.] 

LIKE (lik), n. Preference; choice; generally 
in plural, as * ikes and dislikes." 

LIKE (lik), vt. [pr.p. Ll'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIKED (likt). Be pleased with; approve; 
enjoy. [A. S. iican, be pleasing.] 

LIKELIHOOD (lik'li-hod), n. Quality or state 
of being likely. 

LIKELINESS (lik'li-nes), Probability; likeli- 
hood ; chance. 

LIKELY (lik'li), I. a. [comp. LIKE'LIER; superl. 
LIKE'LIEST.] 1. Credible; probable; having 
reason to be expected. 2. Agreeable; good- 
looking. II. adv. Probably. 

LIKEN (li'kn), vt. [pr.p. Ll'KENING; p.t. and 
p.p. LIKENED (li'knd).] Compare; consider 
or represent as like. 

LIKENESS (lik'nes), n. 1. Resemblance. 2. One 
who or that which resembles. 3. Portrait; 
image. 

LIKEWISE (lik'wiz), adv. 1. In like wise or 
manner. 2. Also; moreover; too. 

LIKING (li'king), n. Inclination; satisfaction; 
preference; pleasure. 

LILAC ai'lak), I. n. Prretty, fragrant flowering 
shrub. II. a. Of 
the color of lilac 
flowers; pale purple. 
[Pen. Iilaj.\ 

LILIACEOUS dil-i-a'- 
sluis), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or having 
the odor of, lilies. 

LlLTTH rill'lth), n. 
Ihb. Myth. Said to 
have been Adam's 
first wife; turned 
from Paradise and 
made a specter; a 
great enemy of new- Lilac, 

born babes. 

LlLLE (1§1), «. Fortified town in N. France. 

LILT Lilt), n. Gay and lively song. 

LnXIPl TIAN ail-i-pu'shan), I. n. 1. Inhabi- 
tant of the Island of Lilliput* described by 
Swift In )Us "Gulliver's Travels.', 2. Person of 





Lily-of-the-Valley (Conval- 
laria rnajalis) . 



, LIMBED (limd).] 
Cut or tear off the 



small size; a dwarf. II. a. Of small size; 
dwarfish. 

LILY (lil'i), n. Bulbous plant, with showy flow- 
ers. — Lily-of-the- 
valley, well-known 
flower of the lily 
family. [A. S. lilie 
— L. lilium.] 

L/IMA (le'ma),^. Cap- 
ital of Peru, 6 m. 
E. of Callao, its 
port. 

LIMB (lim), n. 1. 
Jointed part in 
animals, as leg, 
arm. 2. Project- 
ing part ; branch of 
a tree. [A. S. lim.] 

LIMB (lim), vt. [pr. 
p. LIMB'lNG; p.t. and 
1. Supply with limbs, 
limbs of; dismember. 

LIMB (lim), n. Edge or border, as of the sun, 
etc. ; edge of a sextant, disk, etc. [L. limbus.] 

LIMBER (lim'ber),n. Part of a gun-carriage con- 
sisting of two wheels and a shaft to which 
the horses are attached. [Ice. limar, bough.] 

LIMBER (lim'ber), vt. [pr.p. LIMBERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LIMBERED (lim'berd).] Attach to 
the limber, as a gun. 

LIMBER (lim'ber), a. Pliant; flexible. [From 
LIMP, a.] 

LIMBER (lim/ber), vt. [pr.p. LIM'bERING; 
p.*. and p.p. LIMBERED (lim'berd).] Make 
limber or pliant. 

LIMBERNESS (lim'ber-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being limber. 

LIMBO (lim'bo), LIMBUS (lim'bus), n. 1. 
Supposed place on the borders of hell, in 
which the souls of the pious who died before- 
the time of Christ, awaited his coming; inter- 
mediate state between hell and heaven where 
souls await the judgment. 2. Place of con- 
finement. [It. limbo — L. limbus, border.] 

LIME (lim), n. 1. Any slimy or gluey mate- 
rial; birdlime. 2. White caustic earth from 
limestone, used with sand to make mortar. 
[A. S. Urn, glue.] 

LIME (lim), vt. [pr.p. Ll'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIMED (limd).] 1. Smear with birdlime. 2. 
Ensnare; entangle, as a bird with birdlime. 
3. Spread or sprinkle lime over. 

LIME (lim), n. Kind of citron or lemon tree and 
its fruit. [Fr. See LEMON.] 

LIME-JUICE (lim'jos), n. Acid juice of the 
lime, used at sea as a specific against scurvy. 

LIME-KILN (lim'kil), n. Kiln or furnace in 
which limestone is burned to lime. 

LIMERICK (lim / er-ik), n. Doggerel or nonsense 
verse or rhyme. 

LlMERICK (Wer-ik), n. City, Ireland. 

LIMESTONE (lim'ston), n. Stone from which 
lime is procured by burning. 



fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



LIME-TREE 



677 



LINEAL 



LIME-TREE (Hm'tre), n. Linden-tree. [A. S. 

lind — Ger. linde.~\ 
LIME-WATER (lim'wa-ter), n. Solution of lime, 

used as a tonic and antacid. 
LIMIT (lim'it), n. 1. Boundary. 2. Utmost 
extent. 3. Restriction. 4. That which is 
limited or has bounds. [Fr. — L. limes, 
limitis, boundary.] 
LIMIT (limit), vt. [pr.p. LIMITING; p.t. and 
p.p. LIM'ITED.] Set a boundary to; confine; 
restrict. 

STN. Bound; restrain; circumscribe; de- 
fine. 

LIMITABLE (lim'it-a-bl), a. That may be limited. 

LIMITATION (lim-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of limit- 
ing. 2. State of being limited. 3. Time 
within which something must be done, and 
especially an action at law will lie. 

LIMITED (lim'it-ed), a. Within limits; narrow; 
restricted. — Limited express or train, express- 
train specially restricted as to number of 
coaches, insuring speed and first-class accom- 
modations. — Limited liability, in a joint- 
stock company means that the members are 
liable only in a fixed proportion to each share. 

LIMITLESS (lim'it-les), a. Boundless; im- 
mense; infinite. 

LIMN (lim), vt. [pr.p. LIM'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIMNED (limd).] Draw or paint, especially 
in water-colors. [Fr. enluminer, illuminate.] 

LIMNER (lim'ner), n. One who limns; painter 
or artist; painter of portraits; illuminator. 

LIMOUSINE (lim-6-zen'), n. 1. Coarse goat's 
hair cloak. 2. Type 
of large automobile 
having body with 
rear seats 
inclosed and 
separated by 
glass parti- 
tion from 
the front 
seats. [Fr., 
from Limousin, old French province.] 

LIMP (limp), a. 1. Wanting stiffness; flexible. 
2. Weak; flaccid. [Ice. limpa, weakness.] 

LIMP (limp), vi. [pr.p. LIMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIMPED (limpt).] Walk lamely. [A.S. lemp- 
healt, lame.] 

LIMP (limp), «. Act of limping; halt. 

LIMPET (lim'pet), n. Small shell-fish, which 
clings to rocks. [A. S. lempedu, probably 
corrup. from lamprede, lamprey.] 

LIMPID (lim'pid), a. Clear; lucid; pure. [L. 
limpidus, probably corrup, from liquidus.] 
SYN. Transparent; translucent; lucid. 
ANT. Opaque; turbid; muddy; foul. 

LIMPIDITY (lim-pid'i-ti), LIMPIDNESS (lim'- 
pid-nes), n. Quality or state of being limpid. 

LIMPING (limp'ing), a. Having the imperfect 
movement of one who limps; halting. 

LIMPINGLY (limp'ing-li), adv. In a limping 
manner. 



LIMU (le'mo), n. Name given in Hawaii to the 
various kinds of seaweed found on the coasts 
and used as food. It is served as an adjunct 
to the native dish Poi. The principal limu is 
the limu kohu shown in the cut. [Hawaiian.] 




Limousine. 




Limu Kohu (Asparagopsis sanfordiana). 

LIMY (li'mi), a. 1. Glutinous; sticky. 2. Con- 
taining, resembling, or like, lime. 

LINCHPIN (linch'pin), n. Pin used to keep the 
wheel of a carriage on the axle. [A. S. lynis, 
axle, and PIN.] 

LINCOLN (ling'kun), n. Capital of State of 
Nebraska. 

LINDEN (lin'den), w. Tree with heart-shaped 
leaves and panicles of yellowish flowers ; called 
also lime-tree. [A. S., Sw., Ice. lind; Ger. 
linde; O. Ger. linta.] 

LINE (lin), n. 1. Slender cord. 2. That which 
has length without breadth or thickness. 3. 
Straight row; verse, in poetry. 4. Course. 
5. Department. 6. Series; succession 7. 
Mark or lineament, hence a characteristic. 8. 
Short letter or note. 9. [pi.] Military works 
of defense. 10. Lineage. 11. Regular in- 
fantry of an army. 12. [pi.] Reins. 13. 
Twelfth part of an inch. 14. Series of public 
conveyances, as steamers. 15. Particular 
stock of goods. [L. linea — linum, flax.] 

LINE (lin), v. [pr.p. LI'NING; p.t, and p.p. 
LINED (lind).] I. vt. 1. Mark out with lines. 
2. Cover with lines. 3. Place or form in a line. 
II. vi. Form in line, as soldiers. 

LINE (lin), vt. [pr.p. LI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
LINED (lind).] 1. Cover on the inside with 
linen or other material. 2. Reinforce with an 
inside covering. 3. Supply; place on the in- 
side of anything. 

LINEAGE (lin'e-aj), n. Descent or descendants 
in a line from a common progenitor; race; 
family. 

LINEAL (lin'e-al), a. Of or belonging to a line; 
composed of lines; in the direction of a line; 
descended in a direct line from an ancestor. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" v=u in Scotch gudej oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



LINEALLY 



678 



LIQUEFY 



In a lineal manner; 



» 



LINEALLY (lin'c-al-i), «^« 
in a direct line. 

LINEAMENT (lin'e-a-ment), n. Feature; dis- 
tinguishing mark in the form, especially of 
the face. 

LINEAR (lin'e-ar), o. Of or belonging to a line; 
consisting of or having the form of lines; 
straight; narrow; of or belonging to a system 
of measurement by lines. 

LINEMAN (lin'man), n. 1. Man who carries 
line measure in surveying. 2. Man who 
strings telegraph or telephone wires. 3. Man 
who inspects railroad tracks. 

LINEN (lin'en), I. n. 1. Cloth made of flax. 
2. Underclothing. II. a. Made of flax. 
[A. S. Un — L. linum, flax.] 

LINER (li'ner), n. 1. One who lines. 2. Ves- 
sel belonging to a regular line of steamships. 

LINGER (ling'ger), vi. [pr.p. LINGERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LINGERED (ling'gerd).] Remain; 
loiter. [A. S. lengan, protract — lang, long.] 

LINGERIE (lang-zhe-re'), n. Linen goods, es- 
pecially women's underwear. [Fr.] 

LINGERING (ling'ger-ing), a. 1. Delaying; 
loitering. 2. Protracted. 3. Slow in taking 
effect. 

LINGO (ling'go), n. Language; speech; dialect. 
[Pg. — L. lingua, tongue.] 

LINGUAL (ling'gwal), I. a. Pertaining to the 
tongue. II. n. Letter produced mainly by 
the tongue, as I. [L. lingua, tongue.] 

LINGUIST (ling'gwist), n. One versed in lan- 
guages. 

LINGUISTIC (ling-gwis'tik), LINGUISTICAL 
(ling-gwis'tik-al), a. Of or pertaining to lan- 
guages or linguistics. 

LINGUISTICS (ling-gwis'tiks), n. Science of lan- 
guages; comparative philology. 

LINIMENT (lin'i-ment), n. Stimulating or heal- 
ing lotion. [L. L. linimentum — lino, besmear.] 

LINING (li'ning), n. 1. Act of drawing lines, or 
covering the inside. 2. Inside covering. 

LINK (lingk), n. 1. Loop or ring of a chain. 2. 
Anything that 
connects. 3. 
Single part of 
a series. [A. S. 
hlence.] 

LINK (lingk), v. 
[pr.p. LINK- 
ING; p.t. and 
p.p. LINKED 

(llngkt).] I. vt. 

1. Connect as 

by a link. 2. 

Join In confederacy. II. 

united. 
LINK (lingk), n. Torch of pitch and tow. [Prob. 

eorrup. from Dut. lont, gunner's match of 

tow lint).] 
LINKS aingks), n.pl. Stretch of flat or gently 

undulating ground on which the game of golf 

is played. [Sc] 




Links. 
vi. Be joined or 




LINNET (lin'et), n. Small singing-bird, that 
feeds on the seeds of flax. 
[Fr. linot.] 

LINOLEUM (li-no'le-um), n. 
Floor-cloth made of ground 
cork and 
hardened lin- 
seed-oil on a 
canvas back- 
ing. [L. W- 
»um,flax,and 
oleum, oil.] 

LINOT YPE 
(U'no-tip), n. 
Machine that 
produces 

words in stereotyped lines from matrices of 
type automatically set. [LINE and TYPE.] 

LINSEED (lin'sed), n. Flaxseed. [A. S. Un, flax, 
and seed, seed.] 

LINSEED-CAKE (lin'sed-kak), n. Cake re- 
maining when the oil is pressed out of flax- 
seed. 

LINSEED-OIL (lin'sed-oil), n. Oil from flaxseed, 

LINSEY-WOOLSEY (lin'ze-wol'ze), I. a. Made 
of linen and wool mixed. II. n. Thin coarse 
stuff of linen and wool mixed. 

LINT (lint), n. 1. Flax. 2. Linen scraped into 
a soft woolly substance to lay on wounds. 3. 
Down. 

LINTEL (lin'tel), n. Piece of timber or stone 
over a doorway. [O. Fr. — L. L. Hntellus — 
limes, sill.] 

LION (li'un), n. [fern. 
LI'ONESS.] 1. Large 
and fierce quadru- 
ped of Africa and 
Asia, remarkable for 
its strength and 
courage. 2. Man 
strong or fierce as a 
lion. 3. [L-] Con- 
stellation and sign 

of the zodiac. 4. One who is made much of, 
or is regarded and treated as a hero. [O. Fr. 
— L. leonem, accus. of leo, lion — Gr. leon, 
lion.] 

LIONIZE (li'un-iz), vt. [pr.p. LI'ONIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. LIONIZED (li'un-izd).] Treat 
as a hero or popular favorite. 

LIP (lip), n. 1. Muscular border in front of the 
teeth by which drink, food and other things 
are taken into the mouth. 2. Edge. [A. S. 
lippa.~\ 

LIPPED dipt), a. Having lips or a raised and 
rounded edge like a lip. 

LIQUEFACTION (lik-we-fak'shun), n. 1. Act 
or process of making liquid. 2. State of be- 
ing melted. 

LIQUEFY (lik'we-fi), v. [pr.p. LIQUEFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. LIQUEFIED (lik'we-fid).] I. vt. 
Convert into liquid; dissolve. II. vi. Become 
liquid. [L. liqueo, be liquid, and facio, make.] 




African Lion. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



LIQUEUR 



679 



LITERATURE 



LIQUEUR (li-ker'), n. Flavored spirit; cordial. 
[Fr.] 

LIQUID (lik'wid), I. a. Flowing; fluid; soft; 
smooth; clear. II. n. 1. Flowing substance. 
2. Letter of a smooth sound, as I and r. — 
Liquid air, colorless dry liquid of a tempera- 
ture of 312° F. below zero, obtained by sub- 
jecting air to great pressure and depriving it 
of its heat. — Liquid gas, frozen petroleum 
gas. [L. liquidus — liqueo, be fluid.] 

LIQUIDATE (lik'wi-dat), vt. 
[pr.p. LIQUIDATING; p.t. 
and p.p. LIQUIDATED.] 1. 
Make clear or settle, espe- 
cially an account by agree- 
ment or litigation. 2. Ar- 
range or wind up (the 
affairs of a bankrupt estate) . 

LIQUIDATION (lik-wi-da'- 
shun), n. Clearing up of 
money affairs of a bankrupt 
estate. 

LIQUOR (lik'xir), n. 1. Any- 
thing liquid. 2. Alcoholic 
drink. 

LIQUORICE (lik'tir-is), n. 
Same as LICQRICE. 

LISBON (liz'bun), n. Capital 
of Portugal, on the Tagus 
River. 

LISP (lisp), v. [pr.p. LISP'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. LISPED 
(lispt).] I. vi. 1. Pro- 
nounce th for s or z. 2. 
Articulate as a child; utter 
imperfectly. II. vt. Pro- 
nounce with a lisp. [A. S. 
wlisp, lisping.] 

LISP (lisp), n. Act or habit 
of lisping. 

LIST (list), n. Roll; cata- 
logue; schedule. [Fr. liste.] 

LIST (list), v. [pr.p. LIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Place in a list or cata- 
logue. 2. Engage for the public service, as 
soldiers. 3. Enroll for taxation, as property. 
II. vi. Enlist in the public service. 

LIST (list), n. 1. Line inclosing a piece of ground, 
especially for combat. 2. [pi.] The ground 
inclosed for a contest. — Enter the lists, engage 
in contest. [Fr. lice — It. lizza. — L. L. licice, 
barriers (of unknown origin).] 

LIST (list), n. Selvage on woven textile fabrics; 
strip or stripe; listing. [A. S. list, border of 
cloth.] 

LIST (list), v, [pr.p. LIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIST'ED.] I. vt. Naut. Cause to careen or 
heel over to one side. II. vi. 1. Naut. In- 
cline or heel over to one side. 2. Formerly, 
have pleasure in; desire to please. [A. S. 
lystan — lust, pleasure.] 

LIST (list), n. Naut. A tilting or inclination to 
one side. 




Liquid-air appa- 
ratus. 



LIST (list), v. [pr.p. LISTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIST'ED.] I. vt. Listen or hearken to. II. 
vi. Listen; hearken; attend. [A. S. hlystan 
— My st, hearing.] 

LISTEN (lis'n), v. [pr.p. LIS'TENING; p.t. and 
p.p. LISTENED (lis'nd).] I. vt. Hear or at- 
tend to. II. vi. Give ear; or hearken; fol- 
low advice. [A. S. hlystan.'] 

LISTENER (lis'n-er), n. One who listens or 
hearkens. 

LlSTERISM (lis'ter-izm), n. Antiseptic surgery. 
[Lord Lister (born 1827).] 

LISTING (listing), n. 1. Act of enrolling or en- 
listing. 2. Act of cutting away the sap-wood 
from a board. 3. Border; selvage; list. 

LISTLESS (list'les), a. Having no desire or wish; 
careless; uninterested; weary; indolent. 

LIT (lit), v. Past tense and past participle of 
LIGHT. 

LITANY (lit'a-ni), n. [pi. LITANIES (lit'a-niz).] 
Form of supplication in public worship. [Gr. 
litaneia — lite, prayer.] 

LITCHI, LAICHEE, 
LTCHEE (le'che), 
n. Sweet and aro- 
matic fruit of the 
tree, Litchi Chinen- 
sis, with paper-like 
shell and savory pulp 
and having one seed. 
Found throughout 
China and the Phil- 
ippines. 

LITER, LITRE (le'ter), Lltchl ^tchi chinensis). 
n. In the metric system, 1 Cubic decimeter 
=1.0567 U. S. quarts. [Fr. litre.] 

LITERAL (lit'er-al), a. According to the letter; 
plain; not figurative or metaphorical; follow- 
ing the letter or exact meaning, word for 
word. [L. literalis — litera, letter.] 

LITERALLY (lit'er-al-i), adv. In a literal man- 
ner or sense; exactly. 

LITERALNESS (lit'er-al-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being literal. 

LITERARY (lit'er-a-ri), a. 1. Belonging to 
letters or learning; pertaining to men of let- 
ters. 2. Derived from learning; skilled in 
learning. 3. Consisting of written or printed 
compositions. [L. literarius.] 

LITERATE (lit'er-at), I. a. Acquainted with 
letters or learned. II. n. Educated person. 
[L. literatus.] 

LITERATI (lit-e-ra'ti), n.pl. Men of letters; 
the learned. 

LITERATION (lit-er-a'shun), n. Representa- 
tion by letters. 

LITERATURE (lit'er-a-tur), n. 1. Science of 
letters or what is written. 2. Whole body of 
literary compositions in a language or on a 
given subject. 3. All literary productions 
except those relating to positive science and 
art; belles-lettres. [L. literatura.] 

SYN. Lore; erudition; reading; learning. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



LITHARGE 



680 



LIVELY 






LITHARGE (lith'arj), n. Semi-vitrifled oxide of 

lead separated from silver in refining. [Gr. 

lithargyros — lithos, stone, and argyros, silver.] 
LITHE (lith), a. Flexible; supple; active. [A. 

S. lithe, linthc; Ger. ge-lind, . sof t, tender.] 
S YN. Pliant ; agile ; pliable. ANT. Tough ; 

inflexible; stiff. 
LITHENESS (li«7t'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being lithe. 
LITHESOME (hWsum),a. Lithe; supple; nimble. 
LITHESOMENESS (lif/t'sum-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being lithesome. 
LITHIA (lith'i-a), n. Oxide of lithium, soluble 

in water. 
LITHIC (lith'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to stone. 2. 

Pertaining to stone in the bladder. [Gr. lithos, 

stone.] 
LITHIUM (lith'i-um), n. Lightest of all known 

solid elements, a silver-white metal. [Gr. 

lithos, stone.] 
LITHOGRAPH (lith'o-graf), vt. [pr.p. LITHO- 
GRAPHING; p.t. and p.p. LITHOGRAPHED 

(lith'o-graft).] Write or engrave on stone 

and transfer to paper by printing. [Gr. lithos, 

stone, and grapho, write.] 
LITHOGRAPH (lith'o-graf), n. A print from 

stone. 
LITHOGRAPHER (lith-og'ra-fer), n. One who 

practices the art of lithography. 
LITHOGRAPHIC (lith-o-graf'ik), a. Belonging 

to lithography. 
LITHOGRAPHY (lith-og'ra-fi), n. Art of writing 

or engraving on stone, and printing therefrom. 
LITHOID (lith'oid), a. Having the appearance 

or structure of stone; resembling stone. [Gr. 

lithos, stone, and -OID.] 
LITHOTOMY (lith-ot'o-mi), w. Surg. Operation 

of cutting for stone in the bladder. [Gr. 

lithos, stone, and tome, a cutting.] 
LITHOTRITY (lith-ot'ri-ti), n. Crushing of 

stone in the bladder. 

Lithuanian uith-u-a'ni- 

an), n. Native of Lithua- 
nia, formerly a grand 
duchy but now a post of W. 
Russia and E. Prussia. 

LITIGANT (llt'i-gant), I. a. 
Contending at law. II. n. 
Person engaged In a law- 
suit. 

LITIGATE riiti-gat), v. [pr.p. 
UT'IGATING; p.t. and 
)>.)>. LITIGATED.] I. vt. Lithuanian. 

Contest in law. II. vi. Carry on a lawsuit. 
[L. litigo — lis, strife, and ago, do.] 

LITIGATION Hit-i-ga shun), n. Act or process 
of litigating; judicial contest. 

LITIGIOUS ai-tij'us), a. 1. Inclined to engage 
In lawsuits. I. Subject to contention. 

LITMUS PAPER (lit'mus pa-per). Blue paper 
which turns red in an acid. An alkali re- 
stores the blue. 

LITRE I. t(i , n. Same as LITER. 




LITTER (lifer), n. 1. Heap of straw, etc., for 
animals to lie upon. 2. Any scattered collec- 
tion of objects, especially of little value. 3. 
Vehicle containing a bed, for carrying about. 
4. Brood of small quadrupeds. [O.. Fr. litiere 
— L.L. lectaria — L. lectus, bed.] 

LITTER (liter), v. [pr.p. LITTERING; p.t. and 
p.p. LITTERED (lit'erd).] L vt. 1. Cover or 
supply with litter; scatter carelessly about. 2. 
Give birth to (said of small animals). II. vi. 
Produce a litter or brood. 

LITTLE (lit'l), I. a. [comp. LESS (les), rarely, 
LESSER (les'er), Colloq. LITTLER (litler) ; 
superl. LEAST (lest), Colloq. LITTLEST (lif- 
lest).] Small in quantity or extent; weak; 
poor; brief; insignificant; narrow; mean. II. 
n. That which is small in quantity or extent. 
III. adv. In a small quantity; not much. 
[A. S. litel.] 

SYN. Tiny; pigmy; diminutive; micro- 
scopic; petty; paltry; trifling; slight; short; 
slender. ANT. Big; large; bulky; im- 
mense; enormous; huge; much; long; im- 
portant; grave; momentous; liberal; gen- 
erous. 

LITTLE ROCK. Capital of State of Arkansas. 

LITTORAL (lit'o-ral), I. a. Belonging to the 
sea-shore. Iir~ n. Shore; tract bordering 
shore of the sea. [L. litus, seashore.] 

LITURGIC (li-tiir'jik), LITURGICAL (li-tur'jik- 
al), a. Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a 
liturgy. 

LITURGY (lit'ur-ji), n. Form of service or es- 
tablished ritual of a church. [Gr. leitourgia — 
leitos, public, laos, people, and ergon, work.] 

LIVE (liv), v. [pr.p. LIVING; p.t. and p.p. 
LIVED (livd).] I. vi. 1. Have life; continue 
in life. 2. Last. 3. Subsist. 4. Enjoy 
life; be in a state of happiness. 5. Be nour- 
ished or supported. 6. Dwell. II. vt. 1. 
Spend. 2. Conform to; practice. [A. S. 
lifian, lybban.] 

SYN. Survive; exist; endure; abide; con- 
tinue. ANT. Die; perish; decease; ex- 
pire; depart. 

LIVE (liv), a, 1. Having life; not dead; living; 
alive. 2. Containing fire; not extinguished; 
as, a live coal. 3. Active; alert; energetic. 
4. Vivid; as, a live color. 5. TSlec. Charged 
with electricity; as, a live wire, a wire through 
which an electric current is flowing. 

LIVED (livd), a. Having a life. Used in com- 
pounds; as, \oxig-livcd. 

LIVELIHOOD (liv'li-hod), n. Means of living; 
support. 

LIVELINESS (liv'li-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lively. 

LIVELONG (liv'iang), a. 1. That lives or lasts 
long. 2. As long as life. 3. Passing slowly ; 
tedious. 

LIVELY (liv'li), I. a . Having or showing life; 
vigorous; active. II. adv. Vivaciously; vig- 
orously. 



ite. rat, task, far, ^11 fare above; me met her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u m ocotch ffude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch lock 



LIVE-OAK 



681 



LOBATE 



S YN. Sprightly ; strong ; vivid ; brisk ; ani- 
mated; eager; keen; alert. ANT. Lifeless; 
torpid; dull; indifferent; listless; inanimate; 
insensate. 

LIVE-OAK (liv'ok), n. American oak, having 
heavy close-grained and very durable wood. 

LIVER (liv'er), n. 1. One who lives, especially 
one who lives in a particular manner. 2. 
Dweller. 

LIVER (liv'er), n. Largest gland in the body; 
secretes the bile. [A. S. lifer.] 

LIVERIED (liv'er-id), a. Having or wearing a 
livery. 

LIVERPOOL (liv'er-pol), n. City and seaport 
in England, on the 31ersey. 

LIVERWORT (liv'er-wurt), n. Iceland-moss. 

LIVERY (liv'er-i), n. [pi. LIVERIES.] 1. Uni- 
form worn by servants. 2. Any characteristic 
dress. 3. Being kept and fed at a certain 
rate, as horses. [Fr. livree — livrer — L.L. 
libero, give or hand over. See DELIVER.] 

LIVERY3IAN (liv'er-i-man), ». [pi. LIVERY- 
MEN.] 1. Liveried servant. 2. Freeman of 
the city of London. 3. Man who keeps a 
livery-stable. 

LIVERY-STABLE (liv'er-t-sta-bl), n. Stable 
where horses are kept for hire, or boarded. 

LIVESTOCK (liv'stok), n. Animals employed 
or reared on a farm. 

LIVID (livid), a. Black and blue; of a lead 
color; discolored. [L. liveo, be of a lead color.] 

LIVIDITY (li-vid'i-ti), n. Same as LIVIDNESS. 

LIVIDNESS (liv'id-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being livid. 

LIVING (liv'ing), I. a. 1. Having life; active; 
lively. 2. Producing action or vigor. 3. Run- 
ning or flowing. 4. Burning. II. n. 1. Life; 
manner of living. 2. Means of subsistence; 
livelihood. 3. (In England), benefice of a 
clergyman. — The living, those alive. 

LlVONIAN (li-vo'ni-an), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Livonia, a province of Russia near the 
Baltic Sea. TI. n. 1. Native or inhabitant of 
Livonia. 2. Livonian language. 

LIXIVIAL (liks-iv'i-al), a. Having the prop- 
erties or qualities of alkaline salts; resembling 
lye. 

LIXIVIATE (liks-iv'i-at), vt. [pr.p. LIXIVIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. LIXIVIATED.] Leach. 

LIZARD (liz'ard), n. Order 
of four-footed reptiles. 
[Fr. lezard — It. lucerta — 
L. laeerta.] 

LLAMA (la'ma), n. Animal 
peculiar to S. America, 
allied to the camel. [Pe- 
ruvian.] 

LLANO (la'no), w. Vast 
steppe or plain in north- 
ern South America. [Sp.; 
from L. planus plain.] 

LO (16), inter j. Look! see! observe! behold! 
[A. S. la.] 




Llama (Lama peru* 
viana). 




Loach. 



LOACH (loch), n. Small European river fish. 

[Fr. loche.] 
LOAD (lod), n. 1. 

Burden; as much 

as can be carried 

at once; freight or 

cargo. 2. Quantity 

sustained with difficulty; that which burdens 

or grieves; weight or encumbrance. 3. Charge, 

as for a gun. [A. S. lad, lode.] 
LOAD (lod), v. [pr.p. LOADING; p.t. and p.p. 

LOAD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Lade or burden. 2. 

Put on as much as can be carried. 3. Heap 

on. 4. Confer or give in great abundance. 

5. Weigh down; oppress. 6. Charge, as a 

gun. 7. Make heavy by something specially 

added; as, a loaded cane. II. vi. 1. Take on 

a load. 2. Charge a gun. 
LOADSTAR. Same as LODESTAR. 
LOADSTONE. Same as LODESTONE. 
LOAF (lof), n. [pi. LOAVES (lovz).] Regularly 

shaped mass, as of bread, sugar, etc. [A. S. 

hldf; Ger. laib.] 
LOAF (lof), vi. [pr.p. LOAFING; p.t. and p.p. 

LOAFED (16ft).] Loiter; pass time idly. [Ger. 

laufen, run.] 
LOAFER (lof'er), n. One who loafs; idler. 
LOAM (16m), n. Muddy soil; clay, sand and 

animal and vegetable matter. [A. S. lam.] 
LOAM (16m), vt. [pr.p. LOAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

LOAMED (lomd).] Cover with loam. 
LOAMY (lom'i), a. Consisting of or resembling 

loam. 
LOAN (Ion), n. 1. Act of lending; permission 

to use. 2. That which is lent; money lent 

for interest. [A. S. Imn.] 
LOAN (Ion), v. [pr.p. LOANING; p.t. and p.p. 

LOANED (lond).] I. vt. Lend. II. vi. Lend 

money, especially on interest. 
LOATH (16th), a. Disliking; reluctant; unwill- 
ing. [A. S. lath, hateful, painful.] 
LOATHE (loth), vt. [pr.p. LOATHING; p.t. and 

p.p. LOATHED (lothd).] Dislike greatly; feel 

disgust at. [A. S. Idthian; Ger. leiden.] 
LOATHFUL (lotft'fol), a. 1. Full of abhorrence. 

2. Exciting disgust. 
LOATHING (loffc'ing), n. Extreme hate or dis- 
gust; abhorrence. 
LOATHLY (16th 'li), adv. With loathness; un- 
willingly. 
LOATHNESS (loth'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being loath. 
LOATHSOME (lofft'sum), a. Exciting loathing 

or abhorrence; detestable. 
LOAVES (lovz), w. Plural of LOAF. 
LOB (lob), vt. [pr.p. LOB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 

LOBBED (lobd).] 1. Throw gently, slowly, 

or with underhand delivery. 2. Lawn-tennis. 

Strike (the ball) high over an opponent's head 

into the end of the court. 
LOBAR (16'bar), a. Pertaining to a lobe. 
LOBATE (16'bat), LOBED (lobd), a. Having or 

consisting of lobes. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



LOBBY 



682 



LOCKUP 




Lobelia. 






LOBBY [lob'D, n. [pi. LOBBIES (lob'iz).] 1. Small 
hall or waiting-room. 2. Anteroom of a 
legislative hall. 3. Those who frequent the 
lobby for the purpose of influencing the legis- 
lators. [L.L. lobia — O. Ger. loubd (Ger. latibe) 
arbor.] 

LOBBY (lob'i), v. [pr.p. LOBBYING; p.t. and 
p.p. LOBBIED (lob'id).] I. vt. Solicit, as the 
members of a legislative body, for the pur- 
pose of Influencing their votes in favor 
of or against some 
measure. II. vi. 

Solicit the votes of 
members of a legis- 
lative body. 

LOBE (16b), n. Round- 
ed projection or 
part, as the lower 
part of the ear, divi-' 
sion of the lungs, 
brain, a leaf, etc. 
[Fr. — Gr. lobos.] 

LOBELIA (lo-be'li-a), 
ti. Ornamental flow- 
er, the roots of which are used in medicine. 
[Lobcl, Flemish botanist.] 

LOBSTER (lob'ster), n. 1. 
Marine shell-fish with large 
claws, used as food. 2. 
Uncouth man; bumpkin. 
(Slang). — Lobster pot, trap 
to catch lobsters, of many 
patterns. The most com- 
mon one is a cylindrical 
basket with a conical en- 
trance at each end. A hand- 
pot consists of a bag-net 
mounted on an iron hoop, 
over which wooden bows are 
fixed holding the bait. [A. S. 
loppestre, a corrup. of L. 
locusta, lobster.] 

LOBULE (lob'ul), n. Small 
lobe. [Dim. of LOBE.] 

LOCAL (10'kal), I. a. 1. Of 

or beVuiKing to place in general. 2. 
pertaining to a particular place. II. 
Local item or paragraph of news. 2. 
Battery of a local circuit. — Local 
determination by vote of the people of a town 
or district as to whether license to sell intoxi- 
cating liquors shall be granted or not. [L.L. 
/<;. 'in'.s- locus, place.] 

LO< LLISM lo'kal-izm), n. 1. Quality or state of 
being local. 2. Local idiom or custom. 

LOCALITY '16-kal'i-ti), n. [pi. LOCALITIES.] 

i. Existence in a place. 2. Limitation to a 

place. -\. Position; district. 4. Power of 

remembering relative positions of places. 

LO< UJZABLFi lokal-iz-a-bl) a. Capable of 

b« ting localised. 
LOCALIZATION (16-kal-l-za'shun), n. Act of 
localising. 




Ameri- 



Of or 

n. 1. 

Teleg. 

option, 



LOCALIZE (lo'kal-iz), vt. [pr.p. LOCALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. LOCALIZED (lo'kal-Izd).] Make 
local; put into, or limit to, a place. 

LOCATE (lo'kat), v. [pr.p. LOCATING; p.t. 
and p.p. LO'CATED.] I. vt. Place; set in a 
particular position; designate or determine 
the place of. II. vi. Settle. 

LOCATION (16-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of locating 
or placing. 2. Situation. 

LOCH (lokh), n. 1. Lake. 2. Arm of the sea. 
[Sc. — Gael, loch, lake.] 

LOCK (lok), n. 1. Fastening for doors, etc. 2. 
Inclosure in a canal for raising or lowering 
boats. 3. Part of a firearm by which it is 
discharged. 4. Grapple in wrestling. 5. 
State of being immovable. 6. Narrow con- 
fined place. [A. S. loca, lock.] 




Lock on Thames River. 

LOCK (lok), v. [pr.p. LOCK'lNG; p.t. and p.p. 
LOCKED (lokt).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a 
lock. 2. Fasten so as to impede motion. 3. 
Shut up. 4. Close fast. 5. Embrace closely. 
6. Furnish with locks. II. vi. 1. Become 
fast. 2. Unite closely. 

LOCK (lok), n. 1. Tuft or ringlet of hair. 2. 
Flock of wool, etc. [A. S. locc] 

LOCKAGE (lok'aj), n. 1. Locks of a canal. 2. 
Difference in their levels. 3. Materials used 
for them. 4. Tolls paid for passing through 
them. 

LOCKER (lok'er), n. 1. One who locks. 2. 
Closed place that may be locked, as a chest. 

LOCKET (lok'et), n. Small ornamental case, 
usually of gold or silver, for holding a picture. 

LOCKJAW (lok'ja), n. Contraction of the mus- 
cles of the jaw by which its motion is sus- 
pended; tetanus. 

LOCKOUT (lok'owt), n. Temporary closing of a 
factory or shop as a means of coercing em- 
ployees. 

LOCKSMITH (lok'smith), n. Smith who makes 
and mends locks. 

LOCKSTEP (lok'step), n. March-step made in as 
close file as possible, and with hands placed on 
shoulders of man in front. 

LOCKSTITCH (lok'stitch), n. Stitch formed by 
the locking of two threads together, so that 
they will not ravel. 

LOCKUP (lok'up), n. Place for confining per- 
sons for a short time; jail. 



lie, Tat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



LOCOMOBILE 



683 



-LOGY 




Stemless Loco- weed 
(Aragallus lambertii). 



LOCOMOBILE (16-ko-mo'bil), n. 1. Traction 
engine. 2. Automobile. 

LOCOMOTION (16-ko-mo'- 
shun), n. Act or power 
of moving from place to 
place. 

LOCOMOTIVE (16-ko-mo - 
tiv), I. o. 1. Moving from 
place to place. 2. Ca- 
pable of or assisting in 
locomotion. II. n. Lo- 
comotive machine; rail- 
way engine. [L. locus, 
place, and moveo, move.] 

LOCOMOTOR (lo-ko-mo'- 
tur), a. Of or pertaining 
to locomotion. — Loco- 
motor ataxia, ataxia of 
the lower limbs. 

LOCO WEED (16'ko-wed), 
n. Bot. Silvery-white 
silky-leaved poisonous 
plant found in the south- 
ern plains of the United 
States. Its poisonous ef- 
fects cause diseases 
among cattle and human 
beings. [Sp. loco, mad.] 

LOCUST (16'kust), n. 3Iigratory winged in- 
sect in shape 
like the grass- 
hopper, highly 
destructive to 
vegetation. — 
Seventeen-year 
locust, period- 
ical cicada. See cut under CICADA. [L. lo- 
custa.] 

LOCUST (16'kust), n. Bot. American tree 
(Bobinia pseudacacia) , with thorny branches 
and slender racemes of white heavily-scented 
flowers. 

LODE (lod), n. Vein containing metallic ore. 
[A. S. lad, course — llihan, lead.] 

LODESTAR (lod'star), n. Star that leads or 
guides; pole-star. 

LODESTONE(16d'ston),n. Magnetic oxide of iron. 

LODGE (loj), n. 1. Small house; cottage of a 
gatekeeper. 2. Retreat. 3. Secret asso- 
ciation; also, their place of meeting. [O. Fr. 
loge — L.L. lobia, gallery.] 

LODGE (loj), v. [pr.p. LODGING; p.t. and p.p. 
LODGED (lojd).] I. vt. 1. Furnish with a 
temporary dwelling. 2. Infix; settle. 3. 
Drive to cover. 4. Lay flat, as grain. II. 
vi. 1. Reside; rest; dwell for a time. 2. Lie 
flat, as grain. 

LODGER (loj'er), n. One who occupies a hired 
room in the house of another. 

LODGING (loj'ing), n. 1. Temporary habita- 
tion. 2. Room or rooms hired. 

LODGMENT (lojment), n. 1. Act of lodging, or 
state of being lodged. 2. Accumulation of 




Locust (Locusta migratoria) . 




something that remains at rest. 3. Occupa- 
tion of a position by a besieging party, and the 
works thrown up to maintain it. 

LOFT (laft), n. 1. Room or space immediately 
under a roof. 2. Gallery in a hall or church. 
[Ice. loft.] 

LOFTILY (lafti-li), adv. In a lofty manner or 
position. 

LOFTINESS (laft'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lofty. 

LOFTY (laft'i), a. 1. High in position, character 
or sentiment. 2. Haughty. 

SYN. Exalted; sublime; majestic; ele- 
vated; towering; eminent. 

LOG (log), n. 1. Bulky piece of wood. 2. De- 
vice for measuring the speed 
of a ship. 3. Log-book, or 
journal of a vessel's prog- 
ress and occurrences from 
day to day. [Ice. lag, felled 
tree.] 

LOG (log), vt. [pr.p. LOG'- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. LOGGED 
(logd).] 1. Cut and get out, 
as trees or logs. 2. Enter in 
a vessel's log-book. 

LOGARITHM (log'a-rithm), n. 0g 0f a stup ' 
Exponent of the power to which it is neces- 
sary to raise a fixed number, called the base, 
to produce the given number. [Gr. logos, 
ratio, and arithmos, number.] 

LOG-BOOK (log'bok), n. Official record of a 
vessel's voyage. 

LOGGERHEAD (log'er-hed), n. 1. Blockhead; 
dunce. 2. Round piece of timber, in a whale- 
boat, over which the line Is passed. 3. Spe- 
cies of sea-turtle. 4. [pi.] Quarrel; dispute. 

LOGIC (loj'ik), n. Science or art of reasoning 
correctly or of formal thought. [Gr. logiht 
(techne).] 

LOGICAL (loj'ik-al), a. 1. According to the 
rules of logic. 2. Skilled in logic; discrimina- 
ting. 

LOGICALLY (loj'ik-al-i), adv. In a logical 
manner. 

LOGICIAN (lo-jish'- 
an), n. One skilled 
in logic. 

LOG-ROLLING (log'- 
rol-ing), n. 1. Roll- 
ing logs to the 
stream, on which 
they are to be float- 
ed to the market. 
2. Mutual further- 
ance of schemes by 
politicians. 

LOGWOOD (log- 
wod),w. Redwood 
much used in dye- 
ing. 

-LOGY, suffix. Signifying a speaking or dis- 
course. [Gr. logia, saying — logos, speech.] 




Logwood 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



LOIN 



684 



LOOM 



LOIN Uoin), n. 1. Part of a beast lying be- 
tween the haunch-bone and the last false rib. 
i. [pi.] In man the reins; lower part of back. 
[(). Fr. longe — L. lumbus, loin.] 
LOITER (loiter), vi. [pr.p. LOITERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LOITERED (loi'terd).] Delay; be 
slow in moving; linger. [Dut. leuteren, trifle; 
Ger. lottcr, worthless.] 
LoKI (16'ke), n. Norse Myth. God of destruc- 
tion; father of the midgardsorm, the fenris- 
wolf, and Hel. 
LOLL (lol), v. [pr.p. LOLL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOLLED (lold).] I. vi. 1. Lie lazily about; 
lounge. 2. Hang out from the mouth. II. vt. 
Thrust out (the tongue). [O. Dut. lollen.] 

LOLLIPOP (lol'i-pop), n. Coarse candy made of 

treacle. 
LONDON (lun'dun), n. Capital, England, on the 
Thames River. 

LONE (Ion) a. 1. Solitary. 2. Lonely. 3. 
Single. [Contr. of ALONE.] 

LONELINESS (lon'li-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lonely. 

LONELY (lon'li), a. [comp. LONE'LIER; superl. 
LONE'LIEST.] 1. Sequestered; solitary. 2. 
Sad from want of companionship; forlorn. 

LONESOME (lon'sum), a. 1. Sad or depressed 
from want of companionship or sympathy. 
2. Unfrequented; deserted; solitary; lonely. 

LONESOMELY (ldn'sum-li), adv. In a lonesome 
manner. 

LONESOMENESS (lon'sum-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being lonesome. 

LONG (lang), I. a. 1. Extended; not short. 2. 
Slow in coming; tedious. II. adv. To a great 
extent in space or time; through the whole; 
all along. [A. S. lang.] 

LONG (lang), vi. [pr.p. LONG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LONGED (langd).] Desire earnestly. (Fol- 
lowed by for or after, or by an infinitive.) [A. 
S. langian.] 

LONGANIMITY (lang-a-nim'i-ti),n. Endurance; 
patience. [L. longus, long, and animus, mind.] 

LONGBOAT (lang'bot), ». Longest boat of a 
ship. 

LONGBOW (lang'bo), n . Bow drawn by hand, 
as distinguished from a crossbow. 

LONGEVITY (lan-jev'i-ti),n. Long life; old age. 

LONGHAND (lang'hand), n. Ordinary writing, 
as distinguished from SHORTHAND or STEN- 
OGRAPHY. 

LONG-HEADED (lang'hcd-ed), a. Far-seeing; 
shrewd. 

LONGING Hang'ing), n. Eager desire; craving. 

LONG ISLAND. Near New York, 115 m. long, 
VI m. wide. 

LONGITUDE (lon'ji-tud), n. 1. Length. 2. 
Distance of a place east or west of a given 
meridian. 3. Distance in degrees from the 
vernal equinox, on the ecliptic. [Fr. — L. 
lottfiituflo, length.] 

LONGITUDINAL aon-ji-tu'di-nal), o. 1. Per- 



taining to longitude or length. 2. Extending 

lengthwise. 
LONGITUDINALLY (lon-ji-tu'di-nal-i), adv. In 

a longitudinal manner or direction. 
LONG MEASURE (lang mezh'or). Measure of 

length. 
LONG PRIMER (lang prim'er). Size of type 

between small pica and bourgeois. 

1^" This line is in Long Primer. 

LONGSHOREMAN (lang'shor-man), n. [pi. 
LONG' SHOREMEN.] Man employed in load- 
ing and unloading vessels. 

LONG-SIGHTED (lang'sit-ed), a. Able to see at 
a long distance; sagacious. 

LONG-SIGHTEDNESS (lang'sit-ed-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being long-sighted. 

LONG-SPUN (lang'spun), a. Spun out to a great 
length; tedious; long-winded. 

LONG-SUFFERING (lang'suf-er-ing), a. Suffer- 
ing or enduring long. 

LONG-WINDED (lang'wind-ed), a. Tedious; 
consuming. much time. 

LOO (lo), n. Round game of cards. [Formerly 
LANTERLOO — Dut. lanterlu.] 

LOO (15), vt. [pr.p. LOO'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOOED (lod).] Beat in the game loo, by 
taking every trick. 

LOOF (lof), n. Part of the bow of a ship where 
the timbers begin to curve in toward the stern; 
luff. [Dan. loef.] 

LOOFAH (lof a), n. Fibrous interior of the Luffa 
Mgyptiaca, or towel-gourd, used as a sponge 
and flesh-brush. [Ar.] 

LOOK (lok), v. [pr.p. LOOKING; p.*. and p.p. 
LOOKED (lokt).] I. vi. 1. Turn the eye so 
as to see; direct the attention; gaze. 2. 
Watch. 3. Seem. 4. Face, as a house. II. 
vt. 1. Express by a look. 2. Influence by 
looks. — Look after, attend to or take care of. — 
Look for, expect. -*-Look into, inspect closely. 
— Look on, regard; view; think. — Look out, 
watch; select. — Look to, take care of; depend 
on. — Look through, penetrate with the eye or 
the understanding. [A. S. locian, see.] 

SYN. See; behold; contemplate; observe; 
seem; appear. ANT. Overlook; miss; mis- 
observe. 

LOOK (lok), n. 1. Act of looking or seeing. 2. 
Sight. 3. Appearance or aspect of the face. 4. 
Appearance. 

LOOK (lok), inter j. See! behold! 

LOOKER-ON (lok'er-on), n. Spectator. 

LOOKING (lok'ing), n. Seeing; search or search- 
ing. — Looking-glass, glass which reflects the 
image of the person looking into it; mirror. 

LOOKOUT (lokowt), n. 1. Careful looking or 
watching for. 2. Elevated place from which 
to observe. 3. One engaged in watching. 

LOOM (lorn), n. 1. Frame or machine for weav- 
ing cloth. 2. Handle of an oar, or the part 
within the rowlock. [A. S. geloma, furniture, 
utensils.] 



fatp, fat, task, fur. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 






LOOM 



685 



LORN 




Loon (Colymbus torquatus). 



LOOM (16m), vi. [pr.p. LOOMING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOOMED (lomd).] 1. Appear above the 
horizon. 2. Appear larger than the real size, 
as in a mist. 3. Be seen at a distance, in the 
mind's eye, as something in the future. [A. S. 
leomian, shine — leoma, beam of light.] 

LOON (Ion), n. Low fellow; ninny. [O. Dut. 
loen.] 

LOON (Ion), n. Webfooted aquatic 
bird with short 
wings, and legs 
placed very far 
back; also -^ 
called diver. "^E: 
[Ice. lomr.] 

LOOP (lop), n. 1. ^ 
Doubling of a 

\ cord through 

I which another may pass. 2. Ornamental 
doubling in fringes ; any doubling resembling 
a loop. 3. Loop formed by a rail-track either 
on the level, or vertically in the air. [Prob. 
from Celt, lub, bend, fold.] 

LOOP (lop), v. [pr.p. LOOP'ING p.t. and p.p. 
LOOPED (1 opt).] I. vt. 1. Form into a loop 
or loops. 2. Fasten or furnish with a loop or 
loops. 3. Double or go round; as, to loop 
the loop. II. vi. Form a loop. 

LOOPER (lop'er), n. 1. Instrument for looping. 
2. Larva of a geometrid moth; measuring- 
worm. 

LOOPHOLE (lop'hol), n. 1. Aperture in a wall 
or fort through which small arms may be 
discharged. 2. Narrow avenue or aperture 
by which to escape; any means of escape. 

LOOSE (16s), a. 1. Slack; free; not confined. 2. 
Not compact or connected. 3. Not strict; 
unrestrained; licentious. 4. Inattentive. 5. 
Vague. 6. Lax; not constipated. — Break 
loose, escape from confinement. — Let loose, 
set at liberty. [A. S. leas, loose, weak.] 

SYN. Unbound; detached; flowing; 
sparse; incompact; vague; inexact; ram- 
bling ; dissolute ; licentious ; immoral. ANT. 
Bound; tied; fastened; tight; lashed; se- 
cured; thick; dense; compact; exact; close; 
strict; conscientious; moral. 

LOOSE (16s), vt. [pr.p. LOOS ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOOSED (lost).] 1. Free from anything that 
binds, fastens, or restrains; liberate; release. 
2. Let go; relax; loosen. 3. Set free from 
obligation or burden; disengage; release. 
[A. S. losian.] 

LOOSELY (los'li), adv. In a loose manner. 

LOOSEN (los'n), v. [pr.p. LOOSENING; p.t. and 
p.p. LOOSENED (los'nd).] I. vt. 1. Make 
loose; relax. 2. Make less dense. 3. Open, 
as the bowels. II. vi. Become loose; become 
less tight. 

LOOSENESS (los'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being loose. 

LOOT (lot), n. 1. Act of plundering, especially 
in a conquered city. 2. Plunder. [Hind, lut.] 



LOOT (lot), v. [pr.p. LOOTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOOTED.] I. vt. Plunder or pillage. II. 
vi. Engage in plundering or pillaging. 

LOP (lop), vt. [pr.p. LOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOPPED (lopt).] 1. Cut off, as the top or ex- 
treme parts, especially of a tree. 2. Cut 
away, as superfluous parts. 3. Cut half 
through and permit to drop. [Dut. lubben, 
cut.] 

LOPE (lop), v. [pr.p. LO'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOPED (lopt).] I. vt. Cause to run slowly, 
with easy, long strides. II. vi. Move with 
easy, long strides. [A. S. hledpan, leap.] 

LOPE (lop), n. Act of loping; easy, swinging 
movement. 

LOP-EARED (lop'erd), a. Having ears that 
droop, as some rabbits. 

LOPSIDED (lop'si-ded), a. Hanging over or 
inclined on one side. 

LOQUACIOUS (lo-kwa'shus), a. Talkative. [L. 
loquax — loquor, speak.] 

SYN. Chattering; garrulous; blabbing; 
gabbing. ANT. Taciturn; reserved; reticent. 

LOQUACITY (16-kwas'i-ti), n. Habit of talking 
too much; garrulity; talkativeness. 

LORD (lard), n. 1. Master; ruler. 2. English 
peer. 3. [L-] Supreme Being. 4. [L-] 
Jesus Christ. — Lord's day, first day of the 
week. — Lord-lieutenant, title of the viceroy or 
governor of Ireland. [A. S. hldford — hldf, 
loaf, bread, and weard, warder, guardian.] 

LORD (lard), v. [pr.p. LORDING; p.t. and p.p. 
LORD 'ED.] I. vt. Make a lord of; raise to 
the peerage. II. vi. Act the lord; domineer. 

LORDLINESS (lardli-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being lordly. 

LORDLING (lard ling), n. Little lord; would-be- 
lord. 

LORDLY (lard'li), I. a. 1. Like, becoming, 
or pertaining to a lord. 2. Dignified. 3. 
Haughty; tyrannical. II. adv. In the man- 
ner of a lord; like a lord. 

LORDSHIP (lard'ship), n. 1. State or condition 
of being a lord. 2. Territory 
belonging to a lord. 3. Title 
of a lord. 4. Dominion; 
authority. 

LORE (lor), n. Learning; erudition. [A. S. 
lar, from root of LEARN.] 

LORGNETTE (lar-nyef), n. Opera-glass. 
[Fr. lorgner, spy.] 

LORGNON (lar-nyang'), n. Eye glasses 
shutting into a handle. [Fr.] 

LORICA (lo-rl'ka), n. In ancient Rome, 
a cuirass made of thongs. 

LORICATE (lor'i-kat), a. 1. Covered 
with defensive armor. 2. Imbri- 
cated. 

LORICATION (lor-i-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 

of covering with a protective coating or state 
of being so covered. 2. Loricate covering. 

LORN (larn), a. Lost; forsaken; forlorn. [A. S. 
loren, p.p. of leosan, lose.] 




J&te, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



LORY 



686 



LOVELINESS 




Lory (Charmosyna papu- 
ensis). 

2. Fall; sink. 3. Incur 



LOKY (Jo'ri), ». One of a number of parrots of 

the subfamily Lo- 

riiixv, found largely 

in Polynesia, and 

having very showy 

plumage. 
LOSE Uoz), v. [pr.p. 

LOSING; p.t. and 

p.p. LOST (last).] I. 

vt. 1. Cease to have. 

2. Be deprived of. 

3. Mislay. 4. Waste, 
as time. 5. Miss. 6. 
Fail to obtain. II. 
vi. 1. Fail to win. 
a loss. 

LOSS (las), n. 1. Act of losing. 2. Injury. 3. 
That which is lost; waste. — At a loss, per- 
plexed, as a dog who has lost the scent. [A. 

5. los.] 

SYN. Destruction; privation; failure de- 
feat; decrease; damage; forfeiture; detri- 
ment. ANT. Preservation; recovery; ad- 
vantage; gain. 
LOST (last), a. 1. Parted with; no longer pos- 
sessed. 2. Forfeited. 3. No longer percep- 
tible to the senses. 4. Squandered. 5. Hav- 
ing wandered from the way; bewildered. 

6. Ruined. [See LOSE.] 

LOT (lot), n. 1. That which falls to one as his 
fortune; fate. 2. That which decides by 
chance. 3. Separate portion. 4. Piece of 
land. 5. Large amount or number, often in 
the plural. (Colloq.) [A. S. hlot.] 

LOT (lot), vt. [pr.p. LOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOT TED.] 1. Allot. 2. Separate into lots. 
3. Catalogue. 

LOTH (loth), a. Same as LOATH. 

LOTION (lo'shun), n. Liquid for external ap- 
plication to a wound, bruise, etc. [L. lotio — 
lavo, lotum, wash.] 

LOTTERY (loter-i), n. [pi. LOTTERIES (lot'er- 
iz).] Distribution of prizes by lot or chance; 
game of chance. 

LOTTO (lot'o), n. Game of chance, played with 
number-cards and disks. [It.] 

LOTUS (lotus), LOTOS, 
(lotos), n. 1. Water- 
lily of Egypt. 2. Tree in 
N. Africa, fabled to make 
all who ate of its fruits 
forget their home. 3. [L-] 
(.enus of leguminous 
plants. [(ir. lotos.] 

LOTUS-EATEB 16 tus-rt- 
ll . n. Devotee of volup- 
tuous indolence. 

LOUD low (I , a. 1. Making great sound; stri- 
king the ear with great force; noisy. 2. Clam- 
orous. :{. Gaudy; flashy. [A. S. hlud.] 

LOUDLY lowd'll), adv. In a loud manner. 

LOUDNESS lowd'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being loud. 




Lotus (Nelumbium 
luteum). 



LOUGH (lokh), n. Irish form of LOCH. 

LOUIS D'OR (lo'e dar). French gold coin, first 
struck by Louis XIII. in 1640, superseded 
in 1795 by the 20-franc piece. Its value va- 
ried from S4.00 to S4.60. [Fr., Louis and or, 
gold.] 

LOUISIANA (lo-e-zi-an'a), n. One of the 
States of the United States of America. Capi- 
tal, Baton Rouge. Area 45,514 sq. m. 

LOUIS- QUATORZE (lo-e-ka-tarz), a. In the 
style prevalent under the reign of Louis XIV. 
of France, 1643-1715. 

LOUNGE (lownj), vi. [pr.p. LOUNGING; p.t. 
and p.p. LOUNGED (lownjd).] 1. Recline 
at one's ease. 2. Loaf; loll. [Fr. longis, 
one who is long in doing anything.] 

LOUNGE (lownj), n. 1. Act or state of lounging. 
2. Idle stroll. 3. Place of lounging. 4. Kind 
of sofa. 

LOUNGER (lown'jer), n. One who lounges. 

LoURDES (lord), n. Town in S. France. 

LOUSE (lows), n. [pi. LICE (lis).] Parasitic 
insect. [A. S. lus, pi. lys.] 

LOUSINESS (lowz'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being lousy. 

LOUSY (lowz'i), a. Infested with lice. 

LOUT (lowt), n. Clown; mean, awkward fellow. 
[Etym. doubtful; prob. from A. S. liltan, stoop, 
bow.] 

LOUTISH (lowt'ish), a. Like a lout; clownish. 

LOUVER, LOUVRE (15'- 
ver), n. Opening in the 
roofs of ancient houses 
serving for a skylight, 
often in the form of a 
turret or small lantern. — 
Louver-window, an open 
window in a church tow- 
er, crossed by a series of 
sloping boards. [O. Fr. 
louvert — V ouvert, open 
space.] 

LOVABLE (luv'a-bl), a. 
Worthy of love ; amiable. 

LOVE (luv), n. 1. Affection 
of the mind caused by 
that which delights. 2. 
Fondness; strong attach- 
ment. 3. Preeminent kindness. 4. Rev- 
erential regard. 5. Devoted attachment to 
one of the opposite sex. 6. Object of affec- 
tion. [A. S. lufe, love.] 

SYN. Affection; devotion; attachment; 
fondness; tenderness; charity. ANT. Ha- 
tred; dislike; estrangement; indifference. 

LOVE (luv), v. [pr.p. LOVING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOVED (luvd).] I. vt. 1. Regard with strong 
feelings of affection. 2. Be fond of; be in 
love with. 3. Caress. II. vi. Have the 
feeling of love. [A. S. lufian.] 

LOVELINESS (luv'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being lovely. 




Lou ver- window . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, bum, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



LOVE-LOCK 



687 



LTJCIDNESS 



LOVE-LOCK (luv'lok), n. Single lock of hair 
hanging down conspicuously. 

LOVE-LORN (luv'larn), a. Forsaken by, or 
pining for, one's love. 

LOVELY (luv'li), a. [comp. LOVELIER (luv'li-er) ; 
superl. LOVELIEST (luv'li-est).] Exciting love 
or admiration. 

SYN. Amiable | delightful; pleasing; love- 
able; charming. ANT. Unainiable; un- 
loved; hateful; hideous; plain; homely; 
unattractive; unlovely. 

LOVER (luv'er), n. One who loves, especially 
one in love with a person of the opposite sex. 

LOVING (luv'ing), a. Having love or kindness; 
affectionate; fond; expressing love. 

LOVING-KINDNESS (luv-ing-kind'nes),n. Kind- 
ness full of love; tender regard; mercy; 
favor; loving care of Providence. 

LOW (16), vi. [pr.p. LOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
LOWED (16d).] Make the loud noise of oxen; 
bellow. [A. S. hlowan.] 

LOW (16), n. Noise made by lowing. 

LOW (16), I. a. 1. Not high; base; shallow. 2. 
Moderate; cheap. 3. Dejected; mean; plain. 

4. In poor circumstances; humble. II. adv. 
1. Not aloft. 2. Cheaply. 3. Meanly. 4. 
In subjection, poverty, or disgrace. 5. Not 
loudly. [Ice. lagr; Dut. laag. Allied to A. 

5. licgan, lie.] 

LOWER (16'er), v. [pr.p. LOWERING; p.t. and 
p.p. LOWERED (lo'erd).] I. vt. firing low; 
depress; degrade; diminish. II. vi. Fall; 
sink; grow less. 

LOWER (low'er), vi. \pr.p. LOWERING; p.t. 
and p.p. LOWERED (low'erd).] Gather and 
appear gloomy, as the clouds; threaten a 
storm; frown. [Dut. loeren, lurk.] 

LOWER-CASE (loer-kas), a. Print. Kept in a 
lower case, denoting small letters as distin- 
guished from capitals. 

LOWERING (16'er-ing), I. n. Act of bringing 
low or reducing. II. a. Letting down ; sink- 
ing; degrading. 

LOWERING (low'er-ing), a. Looking sullen; 
appearing dark and threatening. 

LOWERINGLV (low'er-ing-li), adv. In a low- 
ering manner. 

LOWERMOST (16'er-most), a. Lowest. 

LOWING (16'ing), I. a. Bellowing, or making 
the loud noise of oxen. II. n. Bellowing or 
cry of cattle. 

LOWLAND (16'land), n. Plain; level land; low 
or level country. (Usually in the plural.) 

LOW LATIN. Latin of the Middle Ages. 

LOWLINESS (16'li-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lowly. 

LOW-LIVED (16'livd), a. Mean; contemptible; 
vulgar. 

LOWLY (16'li), a. Of a low or humble mind; not 
high in rank or social standing; meek. 

LOW-PRESSURE (16'presh-ur), a. Employing 
or exerting a low degree of pressure (less than 
50 lbs. to the sq. inch). 



LOWRY (low'ri), n. Open railroad box-car. 

LOW-SPIRITED (16 spir-it-ed), a. Not lively; 
dejected; sad. 

LOW-WATER (16'wa-ter), n. The lowest point 
of the tide at ebb. 

LOXODROMICS (loks-6-drom'iks), n. Art or 
science of sailing by the "rhumb,'* a line cut- 
ting every meridian at the same angle. 

LOYAL (loi'al), a. Faithful to one's sovereign 
or country; true in allegiance; true to a lover 
or friend. [Fr. — L. legalis, lawful.] 

LOYALIST (loi'al-ist), n. Loyal adherent of a 
sovereign; especially: (1) In English history, 
a partisan of the Stuarts. (2) In the Revolu- 
tionary War, one that sided with the British 
troops,. 

LOYALLY (loi'al-i), adv. In a loyal manner. 

LOYALTY (loi'al-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being loyal. 

LOZENGE (loz'enj), n. 1. Oblique-angled paral- 
lelogram; rhombus. 2. Small cake of fla- 
vored or medicated sugar. [O. Fr. losenge.] 

LUBBER (lub'er), n. Awkward, clumsy fellow. 
[Wei. Hob, dolt.] 

LUBBER-LINE (lub'er-lin), n. Black vertical 
line inside the compass-box, representing the 
ship's head. 

LUBBERLY (lub'er-li), I. a. Awkward; clumsy. 
II. adv. In a clumsy or awkward manner. 

LUBECK (lu'bek), n. Free city of Germany on 
the Trave. Area 115 sq. m. 

LUBRICANT (lobri-kant), n. Substance used 
to diminish friction of the working parts of 
machinery. 

LUBRICATE (lobri-kat), vt. [pr.p. LUBRI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. LUBRICATED.] Make 
smooth or slippery, so as to lessen friction. 
[L. lubrico.] 

LUBRICATION (lo-bri-ka'shun), «. 1. Act of 
lubricating or state of being lubricated. 2. 
Lubricant. 

LUBRICATOR (16'bri-ka-tur), n. One who or 
that which lubricates; lubricant. 

LUBRICITY (16-bris'i-ti), n. 1. Smoothness of 
surface; slipperiness. 2. Instability. 3. Unchas- 
tity. [Fr. lubricite — L. lubricus, slippery.] 

LUCERNE (16-sern'), n. Legu- 
minous fodder-plant; alfalfa. 
[Fr. luzerne.] 

Lucerne (lu-semo, n. 

in Switzerland, on the 
River. 

Lucerne, Lake of. 

zerland. Area 44 sq. m. 
LUCID (16'sid), a. 1. Shining. 

2. Transparent. 3. Easily 

understood. 4. Intellectually 

bright. 5. Not darkened with 

madness. [L. lucidus — lux y light.] 
LUCIDITY (16-sidi-ti), n. Quality or state of 

being lucid. 
LUCIDLY (16'sid-li), adv. In a lucid manner. 
LUCIDNESS (16'sid-nes), n. Lucidity. 




Swit- 



Lucerne. 



_ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



LUCIFER 



LUMP 



LuciFER (16'si-fer), n. 1. Planet Venus when 
it is the morning star. 2. Satan. [L. lux, 
light) and fcro, bring.] 

LUCIFER-MATCH (lo'si-fer-mach), n. Fric- 
tion match. 

LUCINA (lo-ci'na), n. Roman Myth. Daughter 
of Jupiter and Juno, and goddess of childbirth. 

LUCK (Ink), n. Fortune, good or bad; chance; 
lot; good fortune. [Dut. luk; Ger. glueck.] 

LUCKILY (luk'i-li), adv. In a lucky manner; 
fortunately. 

LUC KINESS (luk'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being lucky. 

LUCKLESS (luk'les), a. Without good luck. 

LUC KLESSLY (luk'les-li), adv. In a luckless 
manner. 

LI ( KLESSNESS (luk'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being luckless. 

LUCKY (luk'i), a. Having good luck; fortunate; 
auspicious. 

LUCRATIVE (lo'kra-tiv), a. Bringing gain; 
profitable. 

LUCRATIVELY (16'kra-tiv-li), adv. In a lu- 
crative manner. 

LUCRE (lo'ker), n. Gain (especially sordid gain). 
[Fr. — L. lucrum, gain.] 

LUCUBRATE (16'ku-brat), v. [pr.p. LUCU- 
BRATING; p.t. and p.p. LUCUBRATED.] 
I. ft. Work or study by lamplight; work 
earnestly. II. vt. Elaborate by hard work. 
[L. lucubrattis, p.p. of lucubro, work by lamp- 
light — lux, lucis, light.] 

LUCUBRATION (16-ku-bra'shun), n. 1. Study 
by lamplight. 2. That which is composed by 
night; composition produced in retirement. 

LUDICROUS (lo'di-krus), a. Laughable; comic. 
[L. ludo, play.] 

LUDICROUSLY (lo'di-krus-li), adv. In a ludi- 
crous manner. 

LUDICROUSNESS (lo'di-krus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being ludicrous. 

LUFF (lun, n. 1. Windward side of a ship. 2. 
Act of sailing in a ship close to the wind. 3. 
Fullest and broadest part of a ship's bow; also 
called loof. [Dut. loef, weather-gage.] 

LUFF luf), vi. [pr.p. LUFFING; p.t. and p.p. 
HFFED (luft).] Bring the head of a vessel 
nearer to the wind; sail nearer the wind. 

LUG Hug), vt. [pr.p. LUGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
LUGGED (lugd).] Pull along; drag; pull 
with difficulty. [Sw. lugga, pull by the hair.] 

LUG (lug), n. Any- 
thing slow or slug- 
gish. 

H(. log), n. 1. Ear- 
lobe; ear. 2. Part pro- 
jecting like an ear. 

LUGGAGE (lug'aj), n. 
Baggage of a traveler. 

LUGGER (lug'er), n. 
Small vessel with two 
or three masts, a 
runnln 




Lugger, 
bowsprit, and long or lugsails. 



LUGSAIL (lug'sal), n. Square sail bent upon a 
yard that hangs obliquely to the mast. 

LUGUBRIOUS (lo-gu'bri-us), a. Mournful; 
sorrowful. [L. lugeo, mourn.] 

LUGUBRIOUSLY (lo-gu'bri-us-li), adv. In a 
lugubrious manner. 

LUGUBRIOUSNESS (lo-gu'bri-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being lugubrious. 

LUKEWARM (lok'warm), a. Moderately warm; 
tepid; indifferent. [Etym. doubtful.] 

LUKEWARMLY (16k'warm-li), adv. In a luke- 
warm manner. 

LUKEWAR3INESS (lok'warm-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being lukewarm. 

LULL (lul), v. [pr.p. LULLING; p.t. and p.p. 
LULLED (luld).] I. vt. Soothe; compose; 
quiet. II. vi. Become calm; subside. [Imita- 
tive word.] 

LULL (lul), n. Interval of calm, quiet, or rest. 

LULLABY (lul'a-bi), n. Song to lull children to 
sleep. 

LUMBAGO (lum-ba'go), n. Rheumatic pain in 
the loins and small of the back. [L. lumbus, 
loin.] 

LUMBAR (lum'bar), a. Pertaining to or near 
the loins. [L. lumbus, loin.] 

LU3IBER (lum'ber), n. 1. Anything cumber- 
some or useless. 2. Timber sawed or split 
for use. [Prob. from Fr. Lombard, the lum- 
ber-room, being originally the Lombard-room 
or place where the Lombards, the medieval 
bankers and pawnbrokers, stored their 
pledges.] 

LUMBER (lum'ber), v. [pr.p. LUM'BERING; 
p.t. and p.p. LUMBERED (lum'berd).] I. vt. 
Fill with lumber; heap together in confusion. 
II. vi. 1. Move heavily and laboriously. 2. 
Cut lumber. 

LU3IBERING (lum'ber-ing), I. a. 1. Filling 
with lumber; putting in confusion. 2. Mov- 
ing heavily. II. n. Business of cutting lum- 
ber or bringing it to the market. 

LUMBER3IAN (lumber-man), n. [pi. LUMBER- 
MEN.] 3Ian engaged in the business of lum- 
bering. 

LU3IINARY (16'mi-na-ri), n. [pi. LUMINA- 
RIES.] 1. Body which gives light. 2. One 
who illustrates a subject or instructs mankind. 
[L. lumen, light.] 

LU3IINOSITY (16-mi-nos'i-ti), n. Luminous- 
ness. 

LU3IINOUS (lomi-nus), a. Giving light; illumi- 
nated; clear. 

LU3IINOUSLY (lo'mi-nus-li), adv. In a lumi- 
nous manner. 

LU3IINOUSNESS (lo'mi-nus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being luminous. 

LU3IP (lump), n. 1. Small shapeless mass. 2. 
The whole together. [Norw. lump, block.] 

LU3IP (lump), vt. [pr.p. LUMPING; p.t. and p.p. 
LUMPED (lumpt).] 1. Throw into a confused 
mass. 2. Take in the gross; regard as a 
whole. 



fate, fat, taaV-, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



LUMPFISH 



689 



LUSTRUM 




Lumpfish (Cyclopterus 
lumpus). 

Quality or 



LUMPFISH (lump'fish), n. Clumsy sea-fish with 

a short, deep, and thick 

body and head, and a 

ridge on its back. Also 

called lumpsucker. 
LUMPISH (lumpish), a. 

Like a lump; heavy; 

gross; dull; inert. 
LUMPISHLY (lump'ish- 

li), adv. In a lumpish 

manner. 
LU3IPISHNESS (lump'ish-nes), n. 

state of being lumpish.) 
LUMPSUCKER (lump'suk-er), n. Lumpfish. 
LUMPY (lump'i), a. Full of lumps. 
LUNA (16'na), n. Roman goddess of the moon. 
LUNACY (lo'na-si), n. Kind of madness former- 
ly supposed to be affected by the changes of 

the moon ; insanity. 
LUNAR (lo'nar), a. 1. Belonging to the moon. 

2. Measured by the revolutions of the moon. 

3. Caused by the moon. 4. Like the moon. 
— Lunar caustic, fused crystals of nitrate of 
silver, applied to ulcers, etc. [L. lunaris — 
luna, moon.] 

LUNATE (lo'nat), LUNATED (16'na-ted), a. 
Formed like a half-moon; crescent-shaped. 

LUNATIC (lo'na-tik), I. a. Affected with lu- 
nacy. II. n. Insane person. 

LUNATION (lo-na'shun), n. Time between two 
revolutions of the moon; lunar month. 

LUNCH (lunch), LUNCHEON (lunch'un), n. 
Slight repast between breakfast and dinner. 
[Form of LUMP.] 

LUNCH (lunch), vi. [pr.p. LUNCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. LUNCHED (luncht).] Take lunch. 

LUNG (lung), n. One of the organs of breathing 
in air-breathing vertebrates. [A. S. lungan, 
the lungs; from root of LIGHT.] 

LUNGE (lunj),n. Sudden thrust in fencing. [Fr. 
allonger, allonge, lengthening, lengthen.] 

LUNGED (lungd), a. Having lungs. 

LUNIFORM (lo'ni-farm), a. Shaped like a cres- 
cent. 

LUNISOLAR (lo-ni-so'lar), a. Caused by the 
influence of both sun and moon. 

LUNULAR (lo'nu-lar), a. Shaped like a cres- 
cent. 

LuPERCUS (lo-per'kus), n. Old Roman god of 
fertility. 

LUPINE (16'pin), a. Like a wolf; wolfish. [L. 
lupus, wolf.] 

LUPUS (lo'pus), n. Kind of skin-disease appear- 
ing mostly in the face. 

LURCH (lurch), n. Snare; trap; hole. — Leave 
in the lurch, leave in a difficult situation, with- 
out help. [O. Fr. lourche.] 

LURCH (lurch), vi. [pr.p. LURCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. LURCHED (lurcht).] 1. Roll or pitch 
suddenly to one side. 2. Walk unsteadily. 3. 
Lurk. [From LURK.] 

LURCH (lurch), n. 1. Sudden roll of a ship to 
one side. 2. Sudden shift. 3. Inclination. 



LURCHER (liirch'er), n. 1. One who lurks or 
lies in wait; one who watches to steal, or to 
betray or entrap; poacher. 2. Kind of hunt- 
ing dog, a cross between the greyhound and 
collie. 
LURE (lor), n. Enticement; bait; decoy. [Fr. 

leurrer — leurre, bait.] 
LURE (lor), v. [pr.p. LURING; p.t. and p.p. 
LURED (lord).] I. vt. 1. Attract or bring 
back by a lure, as a hawk in falconry. 2. 
Entice; allure. II. vi. Call back a hawk. 
LURID (lo'rid), a. 1. Ghastly pale; wan; gloomy. 
2. Bot. Of a dingy, dirty-brown color. 3. 
Of a ghastly sensational character. [L. luri- 
dus.~\ 
LURK (lurk), vi. [pr.p. LURK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
LURKED (lurkt).] Lie in wait; be concealed. 
[Prob. from Scand., as in Sw. lurka, lurk.] 
LUSCIOUS (lush'us), a. Sweet in a great degree; 
delightful. 2. Fulsome, as flattery. [From 
LUSTY or LUXURIOUS.] 
LUSCIOUSLY (lush'us-li), adv. In a luscious 

manner or degree. 
LUSCIOUSNESS (lush'us-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being luscious. 
LUSITANIAN (lo-si-ta'ni-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to Lusitania, a province of ancient Spain, com- 
prising Portugal; Portuguese. II. n. Portu- 
guese. 
LUST (lust), n. Longing desire; eagerness to 

possess; carnal appetite. [A. S.] 
LUST (lust), vi. [pr.p. LUSTING; p.t. and p.p. 
LUST'ED.] 1. Desire or long eagerly. (Fol- 
lowed by after or for.) 2. Have strong, pas- 
sionate, inordinate, carnal, or unlawful desire. 
LUSTER, LUSTRE (luster), n. 1. Brightness; 
splendor; renown. 2. Candle- 
stick ornamented with pen- 
dants of cut-glass. [Fr. — L. 
luceo, shine.] 
LUSTERLESS (lus'ter-les), a. 

Having no luster; dull. 
LUSTFUL (lust'fol), a. 1. Having 
lust. 2. Inciting to lust. 3. 
Sensual. 
LUSTFULLY (lust'fol-i), adv. 

In a lustful manner. 
LUSTFULNESS (lust'fol-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being lust- 
ful; lust. 
LUSTILY (lust'i-li), adv. In a 

with vigor. 
LUSTINESS (lust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being lusty; vigor. 
LUSTRAL (lus'tral), a. 1. Related to or used in 

lustration. 2. Of or pertaining to lustrum. 
LUSTRATION (lus-tra'shun), n. 1. Purifica- 
tion by sacrifice. 2. Act of purifying. 
LUSTRING (lus'tring), n. Kind of glossy silk 

cloth. [Fr. lustrine.] 
LUSTROUS (lus'trus), a. Bright; shining; lu- 
minous. 
LUSTRUM (lus'trum), n. 1. Period of five years. 




manner; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



I 



LUSTY 



690 



LYING-IN 




2. Ceiemony of purification which was made 
of (ho entire people of ancient Rome every 
five years. [L.] 
LUSTY (lust'i), «. Vigorous; heathful; stout. 
SYN. Robust; strong; brawny; burly; 
sinewy; stalwart. ANT. Infirm; weak; 
feeble; puny; effeminate. 
LUTE (lot or lut), n. Stringed instrument of 
music resembling the guitar. 
[(). Fr. lent; Fr. luth; Ger. 
laute. — Ar. aViid — al, the, and 
'ud. wood, the lute.] 
LUTE (lot), LUTING (lo'ting), n. 
Composition of clay for making 
vessels air-tight, or protecting 
them when exposed to fire. [L. 
lutum, mud — luo, wash.] 
LUTE (lot), of. [pr.p. LUTING; 
p.t. and p.p. LUTED.] Close 
or coat with lute. 
LUTEIN (16'te-in), n. Yellow 
pigment contained in the yolk 
blood-serum, etc. [L. lutum, dyer's broom. 
LUTEOLLN (lo'te-o-lin), n. Yellow coloring 
matter found in dyer's weed (Reseda luteola), 
used principally for dyeing silk. [L. luteolus, 
yellowish.] 
LUTHERAN (16'ther-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
Luther, the German Protestant reformer 
(1483-1546), or to his doctrines. II. n. Fol- 
lower of Luther. 
LUX auks), n. [pi. LUCES (lo'sez).] Unit of 
illumination, equal to the light given by a 
standard candle at 12.7 inches. [L., light.] 
LUXATE (luks'at), vt. [pr.p. LUX'ATING; 
p.t. and p.p. LUXATED.] Dislocate. [L. 
luxo.] 
LUXATION (luks-a/shun), n. Dislocation. 
LUXE (lux; Fr. liix), n. Superfine quality; 
superior make. — Edition de luxe, edition of 
exceptional excellence and beauty in printing, 
binding and artistic illustration. [L. luxus, 
extravagance, splendor.] 
LUXEMBURG (luks'em-biirg), n. Capital of 
grand duchy of Luxemberg, S. E. of Belgium. 
LUXURIANCE (luks-u'ri-ans), LUXURIANCY 
(luks-u'ri-an-si), n. Quality or state of being 
luxuriant. 
LUXURIANT (lug-zhti'ri-ant or luks-u'ri-ant), 

a. Exuberant in growth; over-abundant. 
LUXURIANTLY (lug-zho'ri-ant-li), adv. In a 

luxuriant manner. 
LUXURIATE aug-zho'ri-at or luks-u'ri-at), vi. 
[pr.p. LUXURIATING; p.t. and p.p. LUXU'RI- 
MTED.] 1. Be luxuriant; grow exuberantly. 
i. Live luxuriously. 
LUXURIOUS Uug-zho'ri-us or lux-u'ri-us), a. 1. 
Given or administering to luxury. 2. Soften- 
ing by pleasure. 
LUXURIOUSLY nug-zho'ri-us-li), adv. In a 

luxurious manner or fashion. 
LUXURIOUSNESS Hug-zho'ri-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being luxurious. 




Lychnis (L. chal- 
cedonica). 



LUXURY (luks'u-ri), n. [pi. LUXURIES.] 1. 
Free indulgence in rich diet, costly things, etc. 
2. Expensive rarity. [L. luxuria.] 

SYN. Epicurism; sensuality; voluptuous- 
ness. ANT. Asceticism; hardship; self- 
denial; necessity. 

LUXUS (luks'us), n. Excess. [L.] 

LYCAON (li-ka'on), n. Greek Myth. One of the 
Arcadian kings who was first changed into a 
wolf by Zeus, and afterwards killed by light- 
ning for having served up human flesh at a 
feast to gods. 

LYCEUM (li-se'um), n. 1. Place devoted to in- 
struction by lectures. 2. In Europe, high 
school, preparatory to the university. 3. 
Association for literary improvement. [L., 
from Gr. Lykeion, a grove near Athens where 
Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, taught near 
the temple of Apollo Lykeios, the Wolf-Slayer 
—lykos, wolf.] 

LYCHNIS (lik'nis), n. 1. Genus 
of plants characterized by a 
ten-nerved calyx and either 
three or five styles. L. 
chalcedonica is the well- 
known scarlet lychnis. 2. 
[1-] Plant or flower of this 
genus. [L. lychnis, rose of a 
bright-red color.] 

LYCHNOBITE (lik'no-bit), n. 
One who labors during the 
night and sleeps by day. [Gr. lychnos, lamp, 
and bios, life.] 

LYCOMEDES (lik-o-me'dez), n. Greek Myth. 
King of Scyros; Achilles to avoid going to the 
Trojan war was disguised as a girl among his 
daughters. 

LYDDITE (lid'it), n. Powerful explosive made 
from picrate of potash. [Lydd, in Kent, 
England, where made.] 

LYDIAN (lid'i-an), a. 1. Pertaining to Lydia 
in Asia 3Iinor. 2. Luxurious and effeminate. 
3. Music. Soft and slow. 
LYE ((H), n. Caustic solution of alkali. [A. S. 

Uah.\ 
LYG ODIUM (li-go'di- 
um), n. Genus of 
climbing ferns. The 
only North American 
species is L. palma- 
tum, much used for 
decorative purposes 
on account of its 
delicacy and grace. 
[Gr. lygos, willow 
twig, and eidos, form.] _ 
LYING (H'ing), I. a. 1. podium (L. palmatum). 

Addicted to telling lies. 2. Mendacious; false. 
II. n. Habit of telling lies. 
LYING-IN (li'ing-in), I. o. Pertaining to, or for 
the accommodation of, women in childbirth; 
as, a lying-in hospital. II. n. Confinement in 
childbirth. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



LYINGLY 



691 



LYTHRUM 







LYINGLY (li'ing-li), adv. In a lying manner; 

falsely. 
LYMPH (limf), n. 1. Colorless nutritive fluid 
in animal bodies. 2. Vaccine virus; any anti- 
toxic serum. [L. lympha.] 
LYMPHATIC (lim-fatik), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to lymph. 2. Sluggish; slow. II. n. Vessel 
which conveys the lymph. 
LYNCH (linch),t>*. [pr.p. LYNCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. LYNCHED (lincht).] Inflict capital pun- 
ishment upon without the forms of law, as 
by a mob. [See LYNCH-LAW.] 
LYNCH-LAW (linch'la), n. Summary punish- 
ment, usually capital, 
inflicted by private in- 
dividuals independent- 
ly of the legal author- 
ities. [From Charles 
Lynch (1730-'96), of 
Virginia.] 
LYNX (lingks), n. Wild 
animal of the cat-kind 
noted for its sharp 
sight [L. and Gr. Canada Lynx . 

lynx.] 
LYNX-EYED (lingks'id), a. Sharp-sighted. 
LiYONETIA (li-o-net'i-a), n. Genus of nocturnal 
moths, whose larvae are either leaf-miners or 
live between leaves spun together. Several 
of the species are very destructive to fruit trees. 
[Named from P. Lyonet, Dutch naturalist.] 
LYONNAISE (li-o-nazO, a. Lyons style; said of 
potatoes cut in small pieces, boiled and served 
in a sauce of butter, parsley and sometimes 
onion. 
IiYONESE (li-6-nes'), ». Of or pertaining to the 

city of Lyons in France. 
LYONS (ll'unz), n. City in France, on Rhone 

and Saone rivers. 
IjYRA (li'ra), n. 1. Northern constellation. See 
LYRE. 2. [1-] Anat. Triangular portion of 
the corpus callosum, the band uniting the 
cerebral hemispheres of the mammals. [Gr. 
lyra, lyre.] 
LyrAID (li'ra-id), n. Astron. One of the 
meteors that appear to radiate from the con- 
stellation Lyra, usually observed about April 
20th. 
LYRATE (H'rat), LYRATED 
(li'ra-ted), a. Lyre-shaped, 
as the tail of the lyre-bird. 
LYRE (lir), n. 1. Ancient 
musical instrument simi- 
lar to the harp. 2. [L-] 
Lyra, one of the northern 
constellations. [Gr. lyra.] 
LYRE-BAT (lir'bat), n. Car- 
nivorous bat (Megaderma 
lyra) of continental India 
and Ceylon. It is about 
three and a half inches 
long, and feeds on insects 
smaller bats. 




Lyre. 
frogs, fish, and 




Lyre-bird (Me- 
nura superba). 



LYRE-BIRD (Hr'berd), n. Australian bird about 
the size of a pheasant, having 
the 16 tail-feathers of male, 
when spread, arranged in the 
form of a lyre. Its plumage is 
sooty brown, relieved by a 
reddish color on the chin, 
throat, some of the wing- 
feathers, and the tail coverts. 
The lyre-bird is becoming rare, 
and though specimens have 
been carried to other countries 
than its own, none have long 
survived in captivity. 
LYRE-FISH (lir'flsh), n. Species of gurnard 
( Trigla lyra) found in the Mediterranean and 
on Atlantic coast of Europe. 
LYRE-PHEASANT (lir 'fez -ant), n. Same as 

LYRE-BIRD. 
LYRIC (lir'ik), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the lyre. 
2. Fitted to be sung to the lyre. 3. Expressive 
of the individual emotions of the poet. II. n. 
Lyric poem. — Lyric stage, term applied to 
operatic representations. 
LYRIE (li'ri), n. European gurnard-like fish 
(Agonus cataphr actus), commonly known as 
the armed bullhead. [Ice. hlyri.] 
LYRIFORM (lir'i-farm), a. Having the shape of 

a lyre. 
LYRISM (lir'izm), n. 1. Performance on a lyre. 

2. Musical performance of any kind. 
LYRIST (lir 1st), n. Player on the lyre. 
LYSIMETER (li-sim'e-ter), n. Device for meas- 
uring the percolation of rain through soil. 
LYSIS (li'sis), n. Gradual recession of a disease ; 

opposed to CRISIS. 
-LYSIS, suffix. Denotes solution, decomposition, 
or dissolution. [Gr. lysis, a loosing, setting 
free — lyo, loose, free.] 
LfYSIMACHIA (lis-i-ma'ki-a), n. Bot. Genus of 
plants of the primrose family. The calyx is 
five-partite, the corolla rotate, the stamens 
glabrous or glandular, the capsule opening at 
the summit, with five to ten valves. The most 
common species are L. vulgaris and L. numu- 
laria, which have bright yellow flowers. [Gr. 
lysis, loosing, and mache, strife.] 
LYTERIAN (li-te'ri-an), a. Med. Terminating 
a disease; indicating the termination of a dis- 
ease. [Gr. lyUrios, delivering — lytSr, looser — 
lyo, loose.] 
LyTHRACE^E (lith-ra'se-e), n.pl. Bot. Order 
of dicotyledonous polypetalous plants, mostly 
natives of the tropics, especially in America. 
[From LYTHRUM.] 
IiYTHRUM (lith'rum), n. Bot. Typical genus 
of the order Lythraceae, dicotyledonous plants, 
bearing mostly purple flowers. Calyx, inferior, 
tubular, with eight to twelve small teeth; 
petals, four to six; stamens, the same number 
or twice as many; capsule, two-celled. [L.L. — 
Gr. lythron, bloodiness, referring to the purple 
color of some of the genus.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



692 



MACINAC 



\ 




111 (cm), n. 
Thirteenth 
consonant 
alphabet. 



[pi. M'S (emi).] 
letter and tenth 
of the English 

It has but one 






sound in English, as in man, 

drum. At the beginning of 

a word it is silent before w, 

as in mnemonic. — M roof, a 

roof formed by the junction 

of two common roofs, so that the end is like 

the letter M. 

M, EM (em), n. Print. Quad; quadrat; type with 

a square face, used as measurement for type. 

MA (ma), n. Abbreviated form of MAMA; 

mother. 
HA* AM (mam or mam), n. Contraction of 

MADAM. 

MABOLO (ma-bo'lo), n. Tree common in the 
Philippine Islands, bearing edible fruit. [Na- 
tive name.] 

MACADAMIZE (mak-ad'am-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
MACADAMIZING; p.t. and p.p. MACAD- 
AMIZED (mak-ad'am-izd).] Cover (a road) 
with small broken stones, so as to form a 
smooth, hard sur- 
face. [From John 
L. Macadam (1756- 
1836).] 

MACAQUE (ma- 
kak')» n. Animal 
of the quadruma- 
nous kind between 
the baboons and 
long-tailed mon- 
keys, found in Pol- 
ynesia and the 
Interior of Africa. 
[Fr. macaque] 

MACARONI (mak-a-ro'ni), n. 1. Preparation 
of wheat flour in long slender tubes. 2. Fool; 
fop. [It. maccare, crush.] 

MACARONIC (mak-a-ron'ik), 
macaroni; affected; fop- 
plsh. 2. Jumbled; mixed; 
as, a macaronic verse. II. 
n. 1. .Macaronic poem. 
2. Confused heap; medley. 
MACAROON (mak-a-ron), n. 
Small cake made chiefly of al- 
monds, white of egg and sugar. 
[It. macaronc] 
MACAW ina-ka'), n. Large beautiful 
bird of tropical America, closely al- 
lied to the parrot. [Native name in 
tin- \V. India Islands.] 
MACE (mas), n. 1. Staff used as an 
ensign of authority. 2. Heavy rod 
used in billiards. 3. Formerly, staff, 
beaded with a heavy spiked ball of 
Iron. [O. Fr.] 
M w i: mas , n. Spice, consisting of the second 

coal Of the nutmeg. [L. maclr — Gr. maker.] 
MACEDONIA (mas-e-do'nl-a), n. l. Part of 




Macaque (Macac nemes- 
trina). 




Macaw 

(Ara 
Macao). 



2. An- 



European Turkey, N. W. of ^Egean. 
cicnt Geog. Country of 
southeastern Europe, of 
vague limits, north of the 
^Egean Sea and Thessaly. 

Macedonian (mas-e-do- 

ni-an),n. Native of Mace- 
donia, either modern or 
ancient. 

MACERATE (mas'er-at), 
vt. [pr.p. MACERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. MAC'ER- 
ATED.] 1. Soften °y Alexander the Great, 
steeping. 2. Conquer as Macedonian king. 
one's desire, by fasting; Born B.C. 356— died 
mortify (the flesh). [L. L. BC - 323 - 
maceratus, p.p. of macero, soften.] 

MACERATION (mas-er-a'shun), w. Act of 
macerating. 

MACHETE (ma-cha'ta), n. Heavy knife used 
in Sp a n i sh- 
American coun- 
tries. 

Machiavel- 




Machete. 



LIAN (mak-i-a-vel'yan), I- a. Politically cun- 
ning; crafty; perfidious. I. n. One who 
imitates Machiavel— more correctly Niccolo 
Machiavelli — of Florence (1469-1527). 
MACHINATE (maki-nat), v. [pr.p. MACHI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. MACHINATED.] 

1. vt. Plan or devise, as a plot or scheme. 
II. vi. Plot; scheme. [L. machinatus, p.p. of 
machinor, contrive.] 

MACHINATION (mak-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
contriving a scheme, especially an evil one. 

2. Artful' design or plot. 

MACHINE (ma-shen'), n. 1. Artificial means or 
contrivance; instrument formed by combining 
two or more of the mechanical powers; engine. 
2. Supernatural agency in a poem. 3. One 
who can do only what he is told. 4. Control- 
ling influence in party management. — Ma- 
chine gun, rapid-firing cannon. [Gr. mechane, 
contrivance.] 

MACHINERY (ma-shen'er-i), n. 1. Machines 
in general. 2. Parts of a machine. 3. Means 
for keeping in action. 4. Supernatural agen- 
cy in a poem. 

MACHINIST (ma-shen'ist), n. 1. Constructor 
of machines; one well versed in machinery. 
2. One who works a machine. 

Mackenzie (ma-ken'zi) River, n.w. Cana- 
da, flows 2,500 
m. to Arctic 
Ocean. 

MACKEREL 
(mak'er-el), n. 
Sea-fish large- 
ly used for food. Mackerel (Scomber scombrus). 

[O. Fr. makercl — prob. L. macula, stain.] 

Macinac or Mackinaw (maki-na) Strait. 

Connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron. 




fiite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute. hut. burn. 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



MACKINTOSH 



693 



MAGIAN1S31 



Waterproof 



uni- 

[Gr. 



MACKINTOSH (niak'in-tosh), n. 
overcoatc [Inventor's name.] 

31ACROCOSM (mak'ro-kozm), n. Whole 
verse; opposed to MICROCOSM (man). 
makros, great, and kosmos, world.] 

MACRON (mak'ron), n. Short horizontal line 
[ - ] placed over a vowel to denote long quan- 
tity or the long or name sound of the vowel, as 
in a, e, i, 6, u. 

MACULA (mak'u-la), n. [pi. MACULE.] Spot, 
as on the skin, or on the surface of the sun. [L.] 

MACULAR (mak'u-lar), a. Marked with spots. 

MACULATE (mak'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. MACU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. MACULATED.] Spot; 
defile. 

MACULATE (mak'u-lat), a. Spotted; stained; 
defiled. 

MACULATION (mak-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
spotting. 2. Spot or stain. 

MAD (mad), a. [comp. 31AD'DER; super!. 
MADDEST.] 1. Disordered in intellect. 2. Pro- 
ceeding from madness. 3. Violent; furious. 

4. Angry. (Colloq.) [A. S. ge-mced.] 
SYN. Deranged; insane; crazy; chimer- 
ical; enraged; rabid; frenzied; infuriated; 
maniacal. ANT. Sane; sound; sensible; 
composed; sober. 

MADAGASCAR (mad-a-gas'kar), n. French 
island near Africa, in Indian Ocean. Area 
230,000 sq. m. 

MADAM (mad'am), n. Courteous form of ad- 
dress to a lady; lady. [Fr. ma, my, and 
dame, lady.] 

MADAME (ma-dam'), n. [pi. MESDAMES (ma- 
dam').] My lady; French term in addressing 
a married lady. 

MADCAP (mad'kap), n. Wild, rash, hot-headed 
person. 

MADDEN (mad'n), v. [pr.p. MADDENING; 
p.t. and p.p. MADDENED (mad'nd).] I. vt. 
Make mad; enrage. II. vi. Become mad, 
or act as one mad. 

MADDER (mad'er), n. Plant whose root affords 
a red dye. [A. 

5. mwdere.] 
MADDING 

(mad'ing), a. 
D i s t racted; 
acting madly. 
MADE (mad), v. 
Past tense and 
past participle 
of MAKE. 

Madeira (ma- 

de'ra), w. Por- 
tuguese is- 
land, in N. At- 
lantic. Area 
505 sq. m. 
M A D EMOI- 
SELLE (mad- 
mwa-zel'), n. 
Courteous form of address to a young lady ; 




Madder (Rubia tinctorum). 



Miss. [Fr. ma, my, and demoiselle, young 
girl. See DAMSEL.] 

MADHOUSE (mad'hows), n. Insane asylum. 

MADISON (inad'i-sun), n. Capital of State of 
Wisconsin. 

MADMAN (mad'man),«. Lunatic; insane person. 

MADNESS (mad'nes), n. 1. Insanity. 2. Ex- 
treme folly. 3. Ecstasy. 

MADONNA (ma-dona), n. The Virgin Mary, 
especially as represented in art. [It., my lady.] 

MADRAS (ma-dras'), n. Capital of Madras 
Presidency, India. 

MADREPORE (mad're-por), n. Common coral. 
[It. madre pora, coral.] 

MADRID (ma-drid'; Sp. ma-dred'), n. 1. Prov- 
nce, Spain. Area 2,997 sq. m. 2. Capital of 
Spain and of Madrid province. 

MADRIGAL (mad'ri-gal), n. 1. Elaborate vocal 
composition in five or six parts. 2. Short poem 
expressing a graceful and tender thought. 
[It. madrigale, pastoral.] 

MADSTONE (mad'ston), n. Stone reputed to be 
efficacious in hydrophobia, drawing out the 
virus when applied to the wound. 

MAELSTROM (mal'strom), n. I. Celebrated 
whirlpool off the coast of Norway. 2. [m-] 
Any overpowering influence for destruction. 
[Norw., grinding stream.] 

MAFIA (ma'fe-a), n. Sicilian secret society, 
originally political, but now devoted chiefly 
to exacting blackmail, protecting minor 
crimes, and executing vengeance on those who 
injure its members. [It.] 

MAFIOSO (ma-fe-6'so), n. [pi. MAFIOSI (ma- 
fe-6'se).] Member of the Mafia. 

MAGAZINE (mag-a-zen'), n. 1. Storehouse; 
receptacle for military stores; gunpowder- 
room in a ship. 2. Receptacle from which 
cartridges are fed automatically to a gun. 3. 
Periodical containing miscellaneous composi- 
tions. [Ar. makhzan, storehouse.] 

MAGDALEN (mag'da-len), MAGDALENE (mag'- 
da-len), n. Repentant prostitute. [From 
Mary Magdalene (Luke viii. 2), confused with 
the women of Luke vii. 37-50.] 

MAGDEBURG (ma^'de-burg), n. Capital of 
Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe. 

Magellan (ma-jei'an), Strait of. Be- 
tween S. America and Tierra del Fuego. 

MAGENTA (ma-jen'ta), n. Delicate pink color. 
[From the battle of Magenta in N. Italy, 1859.] 

MAGGOT (mag'ut), n. 1. Larva of a fly; grub. 
2. Whim. [Wei. magad, brood.] 

MAGGOTY (mag'ut-i), a. Full of maggots; 
flyblown. 

MAGI (ma'ji), ». pi. Priests of the Persians; wise 
men of the East. [L., pi. of magus — Gr. ma- 
gos, originally a title given to the wise men of 
Chaldea, astrologers and wizards.] 

MAGIAN (ma'ji-an), I. a. Pertaining to the 
Magi. II, n. One of the Magi. 

MAGIANISM (ma'ji-an-izm), n. Philosophy or 
doctrines of the Magi. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
" \i=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



MAGIC 



694 



MAGNIFICENCE 



M VGIC (maj'lk), n. Pretended art of producing 
marvelous results, generally by evoking 
spirits; enchantment; sorcery. [See MAGI.] 
MAGIC (maj'lk), MAGICAL (maj'ik-al), «• 1- 
Pertaining to, used in, or done by, magic. 2. 
Imposing or startling in performance. — Magic 
lantern, optical instrument which throws a 
magnified image of a picture on a screen. 
MAGICIAN (ma-Jish'an), n. One skilled in mag- 
ic; sorcerer; necromancer. 
.MAGISTERIAL (ma]-is-te'ri-al), a. Pertaining 
to a magistrate or master. 

S YN. Authoritative ; despotic ; Imperious ; 
dogmatical; dictorial. ANT. Submissive; 
docile; undignified; unlmposing; unassu- 
ming; modest. 
MAGISTRACY (maj'is-tra-si), n. [pi. MAGIS- 
TRACIES.] 1. Office or dignity of a magistrate. 
*>. Body of magistrates. [See MASTER.] 
MAGISTRATE (maj'is-trat), n. Public civil 

officer invested with authority. 
MAGMA (mag'ma), n. Geol. Molten mass with- 
in the earth's crust. [Gr.] 
MAGNA CHARTA (mag'na kar'ta). 1. Great 
Charter obtained from King John, 1215 A. D. 
2. Any fundamental law of similar impor- 
tance. [L.L., great charter.] 
MAGNANIMITY (mag-na-nim'i-ti), n. Great- 
ness of soul; mental elevation or dignity; gen- 
erosity. [L. magnus, great, and animus, mind.] 

SYN. High-mindedness; forbearance; 
clemency. ANT. Spitefulness; spleen; pet- 
tiness; paltriness; meanness. 
MAGNANIMOUS (mag-nan'i-mus), a. Elevated 

In soul or sentiment; nobly unselfish. 
MAGNANIMOUSLY (mag-nan 'i-mus-11), adv. 

In a magnanimous manner. 
MAGNATE (mag'nat), n. 1. Noble. 2. Man of 
rank or wealth. [Title of nobles of Hungary 
and Poland — L. magnus, great.] 
MAGNESIA (mag-ne'shl-a), n. Single oxide of 
magnesium, occurring as a light white powder. 
[From Magnesia, a district in Thessaly.] 
MAGNESIAN (mag-ne'shl-an), o. Of, pertain- 
ing to, containing, or resembling, magnesia. 
MAGNESIUM (mag-ne'shi- 
um),n. Metal of a bright, 
silver-white color, which 
while burning gives 
dazzling white light, and 
forms magnesia. [From 
M LGNESIA.] 
MAGNET (mag'net), n. 
Lodestone; Iron ore which 
attracts Iron, and, when 
freely suspend- 
ed, points to the 
poles; bar or 
piece of steel to 
whleh the prop- 
erties of the Rail-lifting Magnet. 

lodestone have been Imparted. — Horseshoe 
mnqtut, a magnet bent so that the two poles 




are near together. An electric horseshoe mag- 
net is constructed by placing two bobbins side 
by side and connecting their cores at one end 
by a bar of soft iron. — Bail-lifting magnet, 
magnet of large dimensions, heavily sur- 
charged with magnetism, used for the pur- 
pose of loading and unloading steel and iron 
rails for shipping and transportation purposes. 
[Gr. magnes, properly "Magnesian" stone 
from Magnesia, in Thessaly, where it was 
first found or noticed.] 

MAGNETIC (mag-net'ik), MAGNETIC AL (mag- 
net ik-al), a. Pertaining to the magnet; having 
the properties of the magnet; attractive. — 
Magnetic curves, arrangement of iron filings 
spread on a sheet of paper and lightly shaken 
over a magnet. The curves show the direc- 
tion of the lines of magnetic influence in the 
magnetic field. — Magnetic field, region affect- 
ed by a magnet, or by magnetic force from a 
conductor carrying an electric current. — 
Magnetic needle, needle in the mariner's com- 
pass which always points to the north. — Mag- 
netic poles, two nearly opposite points on the 
earth's surface, where the dip of the needle 
is 90°. — Magnetic storm, disturbances in the 
earth or air which cause the magnetic needle 
to move rapidly backwards and forwards. 

MAGNETICALLY (mag-net'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
magnetic manner. 

MAGNETISM (rnag'net-izm), n. 1. Cause of 
attractive power of the magnet; attraction. 2. 
Science which treats of the properties of the 
magnet. 

MAGNETIZABLE (mag'net-i-za-bl), a. Capable 
of being magnetized. 

MAGNETIZATION (mag-net-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of magnetizing or state of being magnetized. 

MAGNETIZE (mag'net-iz), v. [pr.p. MAGNET- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. MAGNETIZED (mag'- 
net-izd).] I. vt. 1. Render magnetic. 2. 
Attract as if by a magnet. II. vi. Become 
magnetic. 

MAGNETIZER (mag'net-I-zer), n. One who or 
that which magnetizes. 

MAGNETO-ELECTRIC (mag'net-6-e-lek'trik), 
MAGNETO-ELECTRICAL (mag'net-6-e-lek'- 
trik-al), o. Of, pertaining to, or produced by, 
magneto-electricity. 

MAGNETO-ELECTRICITY (mag'net-d-e-lek- 
tris'i-ti), n. 1. Electricity produced by the 
action of magnets. 2. Science which treats 
of electricity produced by magnetism. 

MAGNIFIABLE (mag'ni-fi-a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being magnified. 2. Worthy to be extolled 
or praised. 

MAGNIFIC (mag-nif'ik), a. Great; splendid; 
noble. 

MAGNIFICATION (mag-ni-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of magnifying. 2. Increase of visual 
power in penetration as well as enlargement. 

MAGNIFICENCE (mag-n f'i-sens), n. Quality or 
state of being magnificent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn. 
ii=u in Scotch nude; oil. owl, Men. kh=ch. in Snoteh Ltuth. ' 



MAGNIFICENT 



695 



MAIL 



SYN. Splendor; grandeur; pomp. Splen- 
dor is but a characteristic of magnificence, 
attached to such objects as dazzle the eye; 
pomp is the appendage of power, when 
displayed to public view. 

MAGNIFICENT (mag-nif'i-sent), a. Displaying 
splendor or grand power. [L. magnus, great, 
and faclo, make.] 

SYN. Glorious; sublime; superb; gor- 
geous; brilliant; imposing; splendid; grand; 
majestic; august. ANT. Tame; ordinary; 
unimposing; beggarly; mean. 

MAGNIFICENTLY (mag-nif'i-sent-li), adv. In 
a magnificent manner or degree. 

MAGNIFICO (mag-nif'i-ko), n. Formerly, 
title given to Venetian noblemen; hence, man 
of high rank; grandee. [It. — L. tnagnificus, 
noble, great.] 

MAGNIFIER (mag'ni-fi-er), n. 1. One who, 
>r that which, magnifies or enlarges. 2. 
One who extols. 

MAGNIFY (mag'ni-fl), v. [pr.p. MAG'NIFYING; 
p.U and p.p. MAGNIFIED (mag'ni-fid).] I. 
vt. 1. Make great or greater. 2. Exagger- 
ate. 3. Praise highly. II. vi. Increase the 
apparent size or dimensions of objects. [Fr. 
— L. magnifico.] 

MAGNILOQUENCE (mag-nil'o-kwens), n. Bom- 
bastic style. 

MAGNILOQUENT (mag-nil'o-kwent), a. Speak- 
ing in a pom- 
pous style; bom- 
bastic. [L. — mag- 
nus, great, and 
loquor, speak.] 

MAG NITUDE 
(mag'ni-tud), n. 
Great size; bulk; 
amount; extent; 
importance. [L. 
magnitu do — 
magnus, great.] 

MAGNOLIA (mag- 
no'li-a), n. Spe- 
cies of trees of 
beautiful flower 

and foliage, found chiefly in N. America 
Pierre Magnol, pro- 
fessor of botany at 
Montpellier,France.] 

MAGPIE (mag'pi), n. 
Chattering bird al- 
lied to the Jay, with 
pied feathers. [From 
MAG (Margaret) and 
PIE — L. pica, mag- 
pie.] 

MAGUEY (mag'wa; 
Sp. ma-ga'e), n. Any 
fiber-yielding species Ma SP ,e (PlCa c ^data). 
of Agave; the fermented juice of the plant is 
used to make a Mexican intoxicating beverage 
called pulque. [Sp.] 




Magnolia Blossoms. 



[From 




MAGUS (ma'gus) n. One of the Magi, which see. 
MAGYAR (maj-ar'), n. 1. One of the dom- 
inant race in Hungary. 2. 

Their language. 
MAHALEB (ma'ha-leb), n. 

Species of European cherry 

(Prunus mahaleb), from 

whose fruit a violet dye 

and a kind of fermented 

liquor are prepared. [Ar. 

mahleb.) 
MAHARAJAH (ma-ha-ra ' j a) , 

n. Sovereign prince in 

India. [Native name.] 
MAHATMA (ma-hat'ma), n. 

One of a supposed community 




Magyar. 




of Buddhist 
adepts dwelling in the desert of Tibet. [Sans., 
great-souled one.] 

MAHDI (ma'de), n. Leader of the faithful 
Mohammedans against the infidels. [Ar., 
guide.] 

MAHLSTICK (mal'stik), n. See MAULSTICK. 

MAHOE (ma/ho), n. Tropical tree of various 
species, especially Sterculia caribma of the 
West Indies; also its wood or fiber. [Native 
name.] 

MAHOGANY (ma-hog'a-ni), n. 1. Tree of trop- 
ical America. 2. Its 
wood, of beautiful col- 
or and grain. [Native 
So. American name.] 

MAHOMEDAN, MA- 
HOMETAN. See MO- 
HAMMEDAN. 

MAHOUT (ma-howt'),n. 
Driver or keeper of an 
elephant. [Hind.] 

MAID (mad), MAIDEN 
(mad'n),n. 1. Unmar- 
ried woman, especial- 
ly a young one; vir- 
gin. 2. Female servant, 
maid.] 

MAIDEN (mad'n), a. 1. Pertaining to a virgin 
or young woman. 2. Fresh; new. 3. First. 
— Maiden speech, first speech of a new mem- 
ber in a public body. 

MAIDENHAIR (mad'n-har), n. Name given to 
a fern, from the fine hair-like stalks of its 
fronds. 

MAIDENHEAD (mad'n-hed), n. 1. Maiden- 
hood. 2. Hymen or virginal membrane. 

MAIDENHOOD (mad'n-hQd),n. 1. State of being 
a maiden or virgin; virginity. 2. Newness; 
freshness. (Rare.) 

MAIDENLY (mad'n-li), a. Becoming a maiden; 
gentle; modest. 

MAIL (mal), n. Defensive armor for the body, 
formed of steel rings or net work; armor gen- 
erally. [Fr. maille — L. macula, mesh.] 

MAIL (mal), vt. [pr.p. MAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAILED (maid).] Clothe in mail; mostly 
used in the past participle. 



Mahogany (Swietenia 
mahogoni) . 

[A. S. mcegden, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
U=v in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



696 



MAKE 




Mail-catcher. 






MAIL (mil), n. 1. Bag for the conveyance of 
letters! etc. 2. Let- 
ters, papers, books, 
etc.* convoyed by 
the government 
postal service. 3. 
Person or convey- 
ance by which the 
mail is carried. [Fr. 
malic, trunk — O. 
Ger. malaha, sack.] — 
HAIL mill , it. [pr.p. 
MAILING; p.t. and 
p.p. MAILED (maid).] 
1. Put into the mail; 
post. 2. Send by mail. 
MAILABLE (mal'a-bl), 

a. Fit to be mailed. 
MAIL-CATCHER(inal'- 
kach-er), ». Device 
attached to a railway 
car for catching bags 
of mail while the train 
is in motiono 
MAIM (mam), n. Injury; mutilation; depri- 
vation of an essential part. [O. Fr. mehaigner, 
bruise, defect.] 
.MAIM (mam),rf. [pr.p. MAIMING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAIMED (mamd).] Lame; cripple; mutilate. 
MAIN (man), n. Might; strength. [A. S. mcegen 

— mag, root of MAY. 
MAIN (man), I. a. Chief; first in importance; 
leading. II. n. 1. Chief or principal part. 2. 
Ocean. 3. Continent. 4. Principal pipe. 
[O. Fr. mainc — L. magnus, great.] 
MAINDECK (man'dek), n. Principal deck of a 

ship. 
MAINE (man), n. One of the United States. 

Capital, Augusta. Area 33,039 sq. m. 
MAINLAND (man'land), n. Principal or larger 

land, as opposed to a smaller portion. 
MAINLY (man'li), adv. For the most part. 
MAINMAST fman'raast), n. Principal mast. 
MAINSAIL (man'sal), n. Principal sail generally 

attached to the mainmast. 
MAINSPRING (man'spring), n. Spring which 
gives motion to any piece of machinery, es- 
pecially that of a watch or clock. 
MAINSTAY (man'sta), n. Naut. Rope which 
stretches forward from the top of the mainmast. 
MAINTAIN man-tan'), it. [pr.p. MAINTAIN'- 
I\<.; p.*. and p.p. MAINTAINED (man-tand').] 
1. Keep possession of. 'i. Carry on; keep up; 
rapport. :$. Make good; support by argu- 
ment; affirm; defend. [Fr. maintenir — L. 
matins, hand, and tcnvo, hold.] 
MAINTAINABLE man-tan'a-bl), a. Capable 

of being maintained. 
MAINTENANCE man'to-nans , n. 1. Act of 
maintaining. 'i. Means of support. 3. De- 
fense. 1. Offleions Intermeddling In a lawsuit. 
MAINTOP man top , n. Xaut. Platform on the 
top of the mainmast. 




MAINTOPMAST (man 'top-mast), n. Naut. Mast 
n»xt above the lower mainmast. 

MALNTOPSAIL (man 'top-sal), n. Sail above 
the mainsail, in square-rigged vessels. 

MAIN YARD (man 'yard), n. Lower yard of the 
mainmast. 

MAINZ (mints), n. City on the Rhine, Germany. 

MAIZE (maz), n. Indian corn; in the U. S. us- 
ually called sim- 
ply corn. [Sp. maiz 
— Haitian, mahiz.] 

3IAJESTIC (ma-jes- 
tik), a. Having or 
exhibiting majes- 
ty; stately; sub- 
lime. 

MAJESTY (maj'es- 
ti), n. [pi. MAJ'ES- 
TIES.] 1. Gran- 
deur; dignity; ele- 
vation of manner 
or style. 2. Title 
of kings and em- 
perors. [L. majes- 

tas — majus, comp. . - _ 

„ T i Maize (Zea Mays). 

of magnus, great.] 

MAJOLICA (ma-jol'i-ka), n. Kind of painted or 
enameled earthenware first made on the is- 
land of Majorca. 

MAJOR (ma'jiir), I. a. 1. Greater. 2. More 
important or comprehensive. II. n. 1. Per- 
son of full age. 2. Officer in rank between a 
captain and a lieutenant-colonel. — Major 
key, in music, a key in which the semitones 
lie between the third and fourth, and seventh 
and eighth. [L., comp. of magnus, great.] 

MAJORAT (ma-zho-ra'), n. Right of primo- 
geniture. [Fr.] 

MAJORCA (ma-jar'ka), n. Largest of the Bal- 
earic Isles. Area 1,310 sq. m. 

MAJOR-DOMO (ma-jur-do'mo), n. General 
steward, especially of a palace. [Sp. major- 
domo, house-steward — L. major, greater, and 
domus, house.] 

MAJOR-GENERAL (ma-jur-jen'er-al), n. Offi- 
cer in the army next in rank below a lieuten- 
ant-general, and above a brigadier-general. 

MAJORITY (ma-jor'i-ti), n. [pi. MAJORITIES.] 

I. Greater number. 2. Amount by which 
one number exceeds all the others together. 
Compare PLURALITY. 3. Full legal age. 4. 
Office or rank of major. 

MAKE (mak), v. [pr.p. MAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
MADE (mad).] I. vt. 1. Fashion, frame, or 
form. 2. Produce; bring about; perform. 
3. Force. 4. Render. 5. Represent, or cause 
to appear to be. 6. Turn; occasion; bring 
into a state or condition. 7. Obtain; reach. 

II. vi. 1. Tend; move. 2. Contribute. 3. 
Feign or pretend. — ISIdke away with, put out 
of the way, destroy. — Make for, move toward; 
tend to the advantage of. — Make of, under- 
stand by; effect; esteem. — Make out, disco v- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
ii = w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



MAKE 



G97 



MALEFACTOR 



er; prove; furnish; succeed. — Make over, 
transfer. — Make up to, approach; become 
friendly. — Make up for, compensate. [A. S. 
tnacian.] 

SYN. Create ; construct ; build ; fabricate ; 
establish. ANT. Annihilate; unmake; de- 
stroy. 

MAKE (mak), n. 1. Form or shape. 2. Struc- 
ture; texture. 3. Manufacture ; brand. 

MAKE-BELIEVE (mak'be-lev), I. n. Pretense. 
II. a. Pretended; insincere. 

MAKER (ma'ker), n. One who makes; producer; 
manufacturer; creator. 

MAKEREADT (mak'red-i), n. Attachment to 
the motive power of an aeroplane or auto- 
mobile by which the machinery can be placed 
in immediate running condition. 

MAKESHIFT (mak'shift), n. Temporary ex- 
pedient or substitute. 

MAKE-UP (mak'up), n. 1. Aggregate of quali- 
ties. 2. Actor's disguise. 3. Print. Arrange- 
ment of composed type into columns, or pages. 

MAKEWEIGHT (mak'wat), n. 1. That which 
is thrown into a scale to make up the weight. 
2. Something of little value added to supply 
a deficiency. 

MAKING (making), n. 1. Act of forming. 2. 
Structure; form. 

MAL-, prefix. Bad; evil; ill; wrong; defective. 
[Fr. mal L. male, bad.] 

Malacca (ma-iak'a), or Malay (ma-iao 

PENINSULA. Southern extremity of Asia. 

MALACHITE (mal'a-kit), n. Green-colored 
mineral, composed essentially of carbonate of 
copper, much used for inlaid work. [Gr. 
malache, mallow, a green plant.] 

MALACOLOGY (mal-a-kolo-ji), n. Science 
that treats of mollusks. [Fr. malacologie — Gr. 
malakos, soft, and -LOGY.] 

MALADMINISTRATION (mal-ad-min-is-tra- 
shun), n. Bad management, especially of 
public affairs. 

MALADROIT (mal-a-droif), a. Clumsy; awk- 
ward. [Fr.] 

MALADY (mala-di), n. [pi. MALADIES.] Dis- 
ease, bodily or mental. [Fr. maladie — L. 
male habitus, in ill condition.] 

SYN. Disorder; distemper; sickness; ail- 
ment; disease; illness; complaint. ANT. 
Health; soundness; vigor. 

MALAGA (mal'a-ga), n. Sea- 
port city, Spain, on the 
Mediterranean. 

Malagasy (mai-a-gas'i), 

n. Native or inhabitant of 
Madagascar. 

MALAISE (ma-laz'), n. In- 
disposition. [Fr. malaise, 
uneasiness.] 

MALAPERT (mal'a-pert), a. 
Saucy; impudent. [O.Fr., 
ill-bred.] Malagasy. 

MAL-APROPOS (mal-a-pro-po), adv. Unsuit- 





Malaria-mosquito {Anopheles 
punctipennis) . 



ably; out of place. [Fr. mal, ill, and a propos, 
to the purpose.] 

MALAR (ma'lar), I. a. Pertaining to the cheek. 
II. n. Bone which forms the prominence of 
the cheek. [L. mala, cheek — mando, chew.] 

MALARIA (ma-la/ri-a), n. 1. Noxious exhala- 
tions of marshy districts, producing fever, etc. ; 
miasma. 2. Disease so produced. [It. mala 
aria, bad air.] 

MALARIA-MOS QUITO (ma-la'ri-a-mus-ke-td) , 
n. Mosquito of 
the genus Ano- 
pheles, as differ- 
ing from those 
of the genus 
Culex, having 
spotted wings 
and which breed 
in swamps and 
malaria-infected 
districts. Its sting 
produces mala- 
ria in mankind. 

MALARIAL (ma- 
la'ri-al), a. Per- 
taining to, of 
the nature of, 
produced by, or 
affected with, 
malaria. 

MALARIOUS (ma-la'ri-us), a. 1. Full of, or 
infected by malaria. 2. Causing or produ- 
cing malaria. 

MALAU (ma-low'), n. Icthy. Deep-sea fish of 
the genus 
Holcentrus. 
found in Sa- 
moan waters. 
LSamoan.] 

Malay (ma- 
la) Archi- 

PELAGO . 

Great group 
of islands S. 
E. of Asia. 

MALCONTENT (mal'kon-tent), I. a. Dissatis- 
fied, especially in political matters. II. n. 
One who is discontented. 

MALE (mal), I. a. Masculine. II. n. One of 
the male sex. [Fr. male — L. masculus.] 

MALEDICTION (mal-e-dik'shun), n. Invoca- 
tion of evil. [L. male, evil, and dico, speak.] 

SYN. Anathema; curse; imprecation; 
execration. Malediction is a general decla- 
ration of evil; curse, a solemn utterance and 
wish of evil; anathema, an ecclesiastical 
malediction; execration and imprecation 
denounce some great evil. ANT. Bene- 
diction; blessing. 

MALEDICTORY (mal-e-dik'to-ri), a. Contain- 
ing malediction; imprecatory. 

MALEFACTOR (mal-e-fak'tur or mal'e-fak-tur), 
n. Evil-doer. [L.] 




Malau (Holcentrus praslin) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch, 



mute, hut, burn, 



MALE-FERN 



MALTREAT 







MALE-FERN (mal 'fern), n. Kind of fern found 
largely In Europe and only in 
the vicinity of Lake Superior 
in the U. S. It is used exten- 
sively in medicine as an an- 
thelmintic for expelling the 
tapeworm. 

MALEVOLENCE (ma-lev'o- 
lens), n. Quality or state of 
being malevolent. 

MALEVOLENT (ma-lev'o-lent), 
a. Evil; malicious. [L. tnal- 
cvolcns — male, ill, and volens, 
pr.p. of volo, wish.] Male-fern (Aspi- 

MALEVOLENTLY (ma-lev'o- dium filixmas). 
lent-li), adv. In a malevolent manner. 

MALFEASANCE (mal-fe'zans), n. Illegal or 
wrongful act; official misconduct. [Fr. mal- 
faisancc — L. male, evil, and facio, do.] 

MALFORMATION (mal-far-ma'shun), n. Ir- 
regular, anomalous structure. 

MALICE (mal'is), n. Disposition to harm others; 
deliberate mischief. [Fr. — L. malus, bad.] 

MALICIOUS (ma-lish'us), a. Rearing ill-will or 
spite; prompted by hatred or ill-will; with 
mischievous intentions. 

MALICIOUSLY (ma-lish'us-li), adv. In a ma- 
licious manner. 

MALICIOUSNESS (ma-lish'us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being malicious. 

MALIGN (ma-lin'), vt. [pr.p. MALIGN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. MALIGNED (ma-lind').] Speak 
ill of; defame. [Fr. maligner. See MALIGN, a.] 

MALIGN (ma-lin'), a. 1. Of evil nature or dis- 
position towards others; malicious. 2. Un- 
favorable; pernicious, [Fr. maligne — L. ma- 
lin mis — malus, bad, and gen, root of genus, 
birth, kind.] 

MALIGNANT (ma-lig'nant), I. a. Rent on evil; 
acting maliciously; actuated by extreme en- 
mity; tending to destroy life. II. n. One who 
has ill-will or evil intentions. 

MALIGNER (ma-lin'er), n. One who maligns 
or defames another. 

MALIGNITY (ma-lig'ni-ti), n. Extreme malev- 
olence; virulence; deadly quality. 

MALIN GER (ma-ling'ger), vi. [pr.p. MALIN'- 
GEBENG; p.t. and p.p. MALINGERED (ma- 
llng'gfrd).] Feign sickness in order to avoid 
duty. [Fr. mallngre, sickly; from mal, and 
(). Fr. hciugrc, emaciated — L. ceger, sick.] 

MALINGERER (ma-ling'ger-er), n. Person 
who malin- 
gers. 

MALL, MAUL* 
mal ,n. Large 

wooden beetle Mall. 

<»r hammer; maul. [O. Fr. mail — L,.malleus, 
hammer. ] 

MALL (mal), vt. [pr.p. MALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAIXJED (maid).] Reat with a mall; maul. 

MALL rnel or mal), n. 1. Level shaded walk; 
public walk. [Contr. of PALL-MALL.] 



Common duck 






MALLARD (mal'ard), 

wild state; wild 

drake. [Fr. mal- 

art — male, male, 

and suffix -ARD.] 
MALLEABILITY 

(mal-e-a-bil'i-ti), 

n. Quality or state 

of being malle- 
able. 
MALLEARLE(mal'- 

e-a-bl), a. That Mallard (Anas boscas). 

may be beaten out or shaped by hammering. 
[Fr. — L. malleus, hammer.] 

MALLET (mal'et), n. Wooden hammer. [Dim. 
of MALL, hammer.] 

MALLOW (mal'o), MALLOWS (mal'oz), n. 
Plant having soft downy 
leaves and relaxing prop- 
erties. [A. S. malwe.] 

MALMSEY (mam'zi), n. 
Sweet Greek wine. [Fr. 
malvoisier.] 

MALODOR (mal-6'dur), n. 
Offensive odor. 

MALODOROUS (mal-6'- 
dur-us), a. Having a 
bad or unpleasant odor. 

MALODOROUSNESS (mal- 
6'dur-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being mal- 
odorous. 

MALOLO (ma-16-hV), n. 

Icthy. Deep-sea, crested flying-fish found 
in the waters of 
Hawaii and Samoa. 
[Hawaiian.] 

MALPRACTICE (mal- 
prak'tis), n. 1. Evil 
practice or conduct. 
2. Improper medical 
or surgical treatment. 

MALT (malt), I. n. Rarley or other grain steeped 
in water, allowed to sprout, and dried in a kiln. 
II. a. Containing or made with malt. [A. S. 
mealt, p.t. of meltan, melt.] 

MALT (malt), v. [pr.p. MALTING; p.t. and p.p. 
MALTED.] I. vt. Make into malt. II. vi. 
Recome malt. 

MALTA (mal'ta), n. Eng- 
lish island in Mediterra- 
nean. Area 95 sq. m. 

Maltese (mai-tgv), i. a. 

Pertaining to the island of 
Malta in the Mediterranean. 
II. n. Native or inhabitant 
of Malta. — Maltese cat, a 
mouse-colored domestic 
cat. — Maltese cross, a cross 
formed of four arrow- 
heads meetingat the points, 
the badge of the knights of Malta. 
MALTREAT (mal-tret), vt. [pr.p. MALTREAT- 



Common Mallow 

(Malva sylvestris). 




Malolo (Cypsilurus 
unicolor). 




Maltese. 



fate, fat, task, fur, f ^\:.^f e - ^ove; m6 met her; mite, mit; note, not, mbve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
w=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



MALTREATMENT 



699 



MANDIBLE 



ING; p.t. and p.p. MALTREAT 'ED.] Abuse; 
use roughly or unkindly* 

MALTREATMENT (mal-tret'ment), n. Act of 
maltreating or state of being maltreated; ill- 
usage. 

MALTSTER (malt'ster), n. One who makes, or 
trades in, malt. 

MALVERSATION (mal-ver-sa'shun), n. Fraud- 
ulent artifices; corruption in office. [Fr. — L. 
male, badly, and versor, turn.] 

MAMA, MAMMA (ma-ma' or mama), n. Mother 
— used chiefly by young children. [Ma-ma, 
a repetition of ma, the first syllable a child 
utters.] 

MAMMAL (mam'al), n. Zool. One of the Mam- 
malia. [L. mamma, breast.] 

MAMMALIA (mam-ma'li-a), n.pl. Zool. Class 
of animals that suckle their young. 

MAMMALIAN (mam-ma'H-an), a. Of or per- 
taining to the Mammalia or mammals. 

MAMMARY (mam'a-ri), a. Of or pertaining to 
the breasts. [L. mamma, breast.] 

MAMMEA (mam-me'a)» ». Genus of trees of 
the natural order Gutti- 
feree, of tropical Ameri- 
ca. The fruit of one 
species (Mammea amer- 
icana) is the mammee, 
sometimes called the 
mammea apple. [Hay- 
tian mammey.] 

MAMMEE (mam-me), n. 
Tree or fruit of the 
Mammea americana. 

MAMMON (mam'un), n. 

1. God of riches. 2. 
[m-] Riches ; wealth. 
[Gr. M amm&nas.] 

MAMMOTH (mam'uth), 
I. n. Extinct species of 
elephant. II. a. Re- 
sembling the mammoth 
in size; very large. 
[Russ. mamantu.] 

MAN (man), n. [pi. MEN.] 

2. Grown-up male. 3. 
race. 4. Male person of manly qualities. 5. 
Male attendant. 6. Husband. 7. Piece used 
in playing chess or checkers. — Man of war, 
warship. [A. S.] 

MAN (man), vt. [pr.p. MANNING; p.t. and p.p. 

MANNED (mand).] 1. Supply with men, or 

with a sufficient force or complement of men, 

as for management, defense, service, etc. 2. 

Strengthen or fortify. 
MAN (man), IsLE OF (II ov). In Irish Sea. 

Area 221 sq. m. 
MANACLE (man'a-kl), n. Shackle for the Wrist. 

[L.L. manicula, dim. of manica, sleeve — 

manus, hand.] 
MANACLE (man'a-kl), vt. [pr.p. MANACLING; 

p.t. and p.p. MANACLED (man'a-kld).] Put 

manacles on; shackle. 




Mammee. 

1. Human being. 
Mankind ; human 



One who man- 




MANAGE (man'aj), v. [pr.p. MAN'AGING; p.t. 
and p.p. MANAGED (man'ajd).] I. vt. 1. 
Control. 2. Conduct or treat carefully; 
husband. 3. Contrive. II. vi. Conduct 
affairs. [Fr. manege — It. maneggio — L. manus. 
hand.] 

SYN. Guide; direct; command; govern; 
handle; order; transact. ANT. Misman- 
age; misconduct; upset; misuse. 

MANAGEABLE (man'aj-a-bl), a. That can be 
managed ; go vernable. 

MANAGEMENT (man'aj-ment), n. 1. Manner 
of directing or using. 2. Administration. 3. 
Skillful treatment. 4. Managers. 

SYN. Treatment; conduct; government; 
skill; address. ANT. Maltreatment; mis- 
conduct; misgovernment; mismanagement; 
maladministration. 

MANAGER (man'a-jer), 
ages; director; con- 
ductor. 2. Person who 
controls a business or 
concern. 3. Contri- 
ver; schemer. 

MANAGERIAL (man-a- 
je'ri-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to a manager, 
or to management. 

MANAKIN (man'a-kin), 
n. Small tropical Amer- 
ican pJproid bird. [Va- 
riant of MANIKIN.] 

MANATEE (man-a-te'), n. 
mammal of the 
tropical Atlantic 
shores and rivers; 
also called sea-cow, 
[W. Ind. manati.] 

Manchest er 

(man'ches-ter), n. 
City in England. 

M ANCHURI A (man- 

cho'ri-a), n. Asia, N. E. division of Chinese 
Empire. 

MaNDALAY (man 'da-la), n. Capital of upper 
Burma, India. 

MANDAMUS (man-da'mus), n. Order by a 
higher court to a lower one to perform a cer- 
tain duty. [L., we command.] 

MANDARIN (man-da-ren'), n. 1. Chinese offi- 
cial, civil or military. 2. Small thin-skinned 
kind of orange. [Malayan mantrt, councilor.] 

MANDATARY (man'da-ta-ri), n. One to whom 
a mandate is given. 

MANDATE (man'dat), n. Charge; authoritative 
command. [L. mandatum; from mando, give 
into hand — manus, hand, and do, give.] 

MANDATORY (man'da-to-ri), a. Containing a 
mandate or command; preceptive; directory. 

MANDIBLE (man'di-bl), n. 1. Lower jawbone. 
2. Either part of a bird's bill or beak. 3. An- 
terior part of mouth organs in insects, etc. 
[L.L. mandibula — L. mando, chew.] 



Manakin (Rupicola 
crocea). 

Walrus-like aquatic 




Manatee (Manatus 
latirostris). 



ffite, fa|, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ij=w in Scotch gv>4«; oil, owl, thvn, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



MANDIBULAR 



700 



MANICURE 




Mandolin. 




Mandrill (Cynocephalus 
maimon). 

Riding-school. [Fr. 



MANDIBULAR (man-dib'u-lar), a. Relating to 

the jaw. 
MANDOLIN (nian'dd-lin), n. Instrument of the 

lute class, with 

an almond- 
shaped body. 

[Fr. mando- 
line.] 
MANDRAKE 

(man'drak),n. 

Narcotic plant; May-apple. [A corrup. of 

A. S. mandragora — Gr. mandragoras.] 
MANDREL (man'drel), n. Revolving shank to 

which turners fix their 

work in the lathe. [A 

corrup. of Fr. mandrin, 

mandrel.] 
MANDRILL (mandril), ». 

Large kind of African 

baboon with blue and 

red-striped cheeks. [Fr.] 
MANE (man), n. Long 

hair flowing from the 

neck of some quadru-, 

peds, as the horse and 

lion. [A. S. manu.~\ 
MANEGE (ma-nazh'), n. 

1. Art of horsemanship 
or horse-training. 2. 
See MANAGE.] 

MANES (ma'nez), n.pl. Spirits of dead ances- 
tors. [L.] 

MANEUVER, MANCEUVRE (ma-no' ver), n. 1. 
A dexterous move or proceeding; stratagem. 

2. Military or naval evolution or movement. 
[Fr. manoeuvre — L.L. manuopera — L. manus, 
hand, and opera, work.] 

MANEUVER, MANCEUVRE (ma-no'ver), v. 
[pr.p. MANEUVERING; p.t. and p.p. MANEU- 
VERED (ma-no'verd).] I. vt. Cause to per- 
form maneuvers or evolutions. II. vi. Per- 
form a maneuver. 

MANEU VERER (ma-no'ver-er), MANCEU VRER 
( ma-no' vrer), n. One who maneuvers. 

MANFUL (man'fol), a. Full of manliness; bold; 
courageous. 

MANFULLY (man'fQl-i), adv. In a manful 
manner; like a man. 

MANFULNESS (man'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being manful. 

.MANGANESE (mang-ga-nez'), n. Hard and 
brittle metal of a reddish-white color; an ele- 
ment. [From MAGNESIUM.] 

MANGE (man J), n. Scab or itch of domestic 
animals. [From MANGY.] 

MANGEL-WURZEL (mang'gl-wur-zl), n. Coarse 
kind of beet cultivated as food for cattle. [Ger.] 

MANGER (man'jer), n. Eating-trough for 
horses and cattle. [Fr. mangeorie — manger, 
eat.] 

MANGLE (mang'gl), vt. [pr.p. MAN'GLING; 
p.t. and p.p. MANGLED (mang'gld).] Cut 
and bruise; tear in cutting; mutilate; take by 




Mango (Mangifera indicd). 



piecemeal. [Freq. of M. E. manketi, mutilate 

— A. S. mancian, maimed.] 
MANGLE (mang'gl), n. Rolling-press for smooth- 
ing linen. [Dut. mangelen.] 
MANGLE (mang'gl), vt. [pr.p. MAN'GLING; 

p.t. and p.p. MANGLED (mang'gld).] Smooth 

with a man- 
gle; calender. 
M A N G L E R 

(mang'gler), 

n. One who or 

that which 

mangles or \ 

mutilates. 
MANGLEK 

(mang'gler), 

n. One who 

uses or works 

a mangle; 

calenderer. 
MANGO (mang'- 

go), n. [pi. 

MAN'GOES.] 

1. Fruit of the 

mango-tree of 

the East In- 
dies. 2. Green 

musk-melon pickled. [Malay mangga.] 
MANGOSTEEN (mang'go-sten,) n. East Indian 

tree and its fruit, which is of a most delicious 

flavor. [Malay.] 
MANGROVE (man'grov), n. 

and W. Indies, the bark of 

which is used for tanning. 

[Malay.] 
MANGY (man'ji), a. [comp. 

MAN'GIER; superl. 

MAN'GIEST.] Scabby ; un- 
tidy. 

Manhattan (man-haf- 

an) ISLAND. Central 

part of Greater New York. 
MANHOLE (man'hol), n. 

Hole through which a 

man may creep into a 

drain, cesspool, etc. to 

clean or repair it. 
MANHOOD (man'hod), n. 

1. State of being a man. 
MANIA (ma'ni-a), n. 1. Violent madness; in- 
sanity. 2. Excessive or unreasonable de- 
sire. [Gr.] 
MANIAC (ma'ni-ak), n. One affected with 

mania; madman. 
MANIACAL (ma-ni'a-kal), a. Relating to, or 

characteristic of, a maniac. 
MaNICHEISM (man'i-ke-izm), n. Doctrine of 

the Manicheans, who believed in two eternal 

principles of being, good or light, and evil or 

darkness. [L. Manichoeus.] 
MANICURE (man'i-kur), n. One who treats 

persons' hands and finger nails. [L. manus, 

hand, and cura, care.] 




Mangrove. 
2. Manly character. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



MANICURE 



701 



MANTILLA 



MANICURE (man'i-kur), v. [pr.p. MAN'ICUR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MANICURED (man'i-kurd).] 
I. vt. Treat the hands and nails of; treat in 
the manner of a manicure. II. vi. Perform 
the work of a manicure. 

MANIFEST (man'i-fest), I. a. Evident to the 
senses or the mind. II. n. Invoice of a ship's 
cargo to be exhibited at the custom-house. 
[L. manifestus, palpable — manus, hand, and 
fendo, strike.] 

SYN. Apparent; clear; evident; visible; 
obvious; plain; conspicuous. ANT. Invisi- 
ble; dubious; obscure; occult. 

MANIFESTATION (man-i-fes-ta'shun), n. Act 
of manifesting or making plain. 

MANIFESTLY (man'i-fest-li), adv. In a mani- 
fest manner. 

MANIFESTO (man-i-fes'to), n. Public written 
declaration of the intentions of a sovereign or 
state. [It.] 

MANIFOLD (man'i-fold), a. Various in kind or 
quality; many in number; multiplied. [A. S. 
manig-feald. See MANY and FOLD.] 

MANIFOLD (man'i-fold), vt. [pr.p. MAN'I- 
FOLD ING; p.t. and p.p. MANIFOLDED.] 
Make a number of copies of at once, as by a 
manifolder. 

MANIFOLDER (man'i-fold-er), n. Device for 
taking several copies of a letter or other docu- 
ment; device for manifold writing. 

MANIFOLDLY (man'i-fold-li), adv. In a mani- 
fold manner or degree. 

MANIKIN (man'i-kin), n. 1. Little man. 2. 
Model, exhibiting the different parts and or- 
gans of the human body. [O. Dut. manneken, 
dim. of man, man.] 

Manila, Manilla (ma-nii'a), I. n. Seaport, 

capital of Philippine Islands, which are part 
of the Insular possessions of the United States, 
on Luzon Island. II. a. Made or produced at 
Manila; as, Manila cigar, Manila hemp, 
Manila paper, etc. 

MANIOC (man'i-ok), n. Refined tapioca. [Braz. 
manihoc, cassava plant.] 

MANIPLE (man 'i-pl), n. 1. Company of foot-sol- 
diers in the Roman army. 2. Kind of scarf 
worn by a Roman Catholic priest on the left 
a,rm.[L,.manipulus — manus, hand, and pZeo,fill.] 

MANIPULATE (ma-nip'u-lat), v. [pr.p. MA- 
NIPULATING; p.t. and p.p. MANIPULATED.] 
I. vt. 1. Operate on with the hands; handle 
dexterously. 2. Give a false appearance to; 
tamper with; juggle. II. vi. Use the hands, 
as in scientific experiments. [L.L. manipulo 
— L. manipulus. See MANIPLE.] 

MANIPULATION (ma-nip-u-la'shun), w. Act 
of manipulating. 

MANIPULATOR (ma-nip'u-la-tur), n. 1. One 
who manipulates. 2. Manipulating device, 
as the transmitting instrument of a dial-tele- 
graph system. 

MANITOBA (man-i-t6'ba), n. A northwest 
province, Canada. Area 73,732 sq. m. 



MANKIND (man-kind'), n. 1. Human race. 2. 
Men in general, as distinguished from women. 
[A. S. mancynn. See KIN.] 

MANLINESS (man'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being manly. 

MANLY (man'li), a. Becoming a man; brave; 
dignified; noble; not childish or womanish. 

MANNA (man'a), n. 1. Food supplied to the 
Israelites, in the wilderness of Arabia. 2. 
Sweetish exudation from various trees, as the 
ash of Sicily. [Heb. man, gift.] 

MANNER (man'er), n. 1. Mode of action; way 
of performing. 2. Peculiar habit or style. 3. 
Way; degree. 4. [pi.] Morals; deportment. 5. 
Sort or kind. [Fr. mani&re — L. manus, hand.] 

MANNERISM (man'er-izm), n. Strange pecu- 
liarity of manner, especially in literary com- 
position. 

MANNERLINESS (man'er-li-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being mannerly. 

MANNERLY (man'er-li), I. a. Showing good 
manners; decent in deportment; not rude. 
II. adv. With good manners; civilly. 

MANNHEIM (man'him), n. Town in Baden, at 
confluence of Neckar and Rhine. 

MANNISH (man'ish), a. As applied to a woman, 
masculine ; unwomanly. 

MANOEUVRE, v. and n. Same as MANEUVER. 

MAN-OF-WAR (man-ov-war'), n. [pi. MEN-OF- 
WAR'.] Armed ship; battleship. 

MANO'O (man-6'6), tu Icthy. Small fish found 
in the Samoan 
waters and used 
as bait to catch 
other fish. [Ha- 
waiian.] 

MANOR (man'iir), 
n. Land belong- 
ing to a noble- 
man, or so much 
as he formerly kept for his own use; jurisdic- 
tion of a court baron. [Fr. manoir — L. mane, 
stay.] 

MANSARD (man'sard), n. 
slopes of different angle on 
every side. [From the in- 
ventor Francois Mansard, 
French architect (1596- 
1666).] 

MANSE (mans), n. 1. Dwell- 
ing house. 2. Residence 
of a clergyman. [L.L. 
mansa, farm — L. maneo, remain.] 

MANSION (man'shun), n. House; large, fine 
house; manor-house. [L. mansio.] 

MANSLAUGHTER (man'sla-ter), n. Killing of 
one unlawfully, but without malice or pre- 
meditation. 

MANTEL (man'tl), n. Shelf over a fireplace* 
jambs and top of a fireplace ; also called man- 
tel-piece or mantel-shelf. [MANTLE.] 

MANTILLA (man-til'a), n. Lace head-covering 
for women." [Sp.] 




Mano'o fish (Zanogobius 
semidoliatus) . 



Roof having two 




Mansard Roof. 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



MANTIS 



702 



MARANON 




MANTIS (mantis), n. Orthopterous insect, 
noted for carrying its large spinous forelegs in 
the attitude of prayer. [Gr. mantis, prophet.] 

MANTLE (man'tl), n. 1. Cloak; loose 
outer garment. 2. Thin fleshy 
membrane lining the shell of a 
mollusk. 3. Conical net-work im- 
pregnated with a metallic oxide 
that becomes incandescent when 
heated; used over a gasjet to pro- 
duce incandescent gaslight. [O. 
Fr. mantel; Fr. manteau — L. man- 
tclUnn, cloak.] 

MANTLE (man'tl), v. [pr.p. MAN- 
TUNG; p.t. and p.p. MANTLED 
(man'tld).] I. vt. Cover; hide; 
obscure. II. vi. Spread out like a mantle. 
MaNTTJA (man'tu-a), «. Fortified city of N. 
Italy. 

MANTUA (man'tu-a), n. 1. Lady's cloak or 
mantle. 2. Lady's gown. [Prob. arose through 
confusion of Fr. manteau (It. manto), with 
Mantua, in Italy.] 

MANTUA-MAKER (man'tu-a-ma-ker),n. Dress- 
maker. 

MANUAL (man'u-al), I. a. Pertaining to, made, 
or used by, the hand. II. n. 1. Handbook; 
handy compendium of a large subject. 2. 
Keyboard of an organ. 3. 3Iilitary drill. 
[L. tnanualis — manus, hand.] 

MANUALLY (man'u-al-i), adv. In a manual 
manner; by the hand or hands. 

MANUFACTORY (man-u-fak'to-ri), n. Place 
where goods are manufactured. 

MANUFACTURE (man-u-fak'tur), n. 1. Act, 
process or operation of making wares of any 
kind. 2. That which is made or manufac- 
tured. [L. manus, hand, and facio, make.] 

MANUFACTURE (man-u-fak'tur), v. [pr.p. 
MANUFACTURING; p.t. and p.p. MANUFAC- 
TURED (man-u-fak'turd).] I. vt. Make from 
raw materials into a form suitable for use. 
II. vi. Be occupied in manufacturing. 

MANUFACTURER (man-u-fak'tur-er), n. One 
who manufactures. 

MANUMISSION (man-u-mish'un), n. Act of 
freeing from slavery. 

MANUMIT (man-u-mif), vt. [pr.p. MANUMIT- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MANUMIT'TED.] Lib- 
erate from slavery; emancipate; free. [L. 
manumitto — manus, hand, and mitto, send.] 

MANURE (ma-nur'), vt. [pr.p. MANUR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. MANURED (ma-nurd').] En- 
rich, as land, with a fertilizing substance. 

MANURE (ma-nur'), n. Substance applied to 
land to make it more fruitful. 

MANUS fma'nus), n. 1. The hand. 2. Anat. 
Terminal part of the thoracic limb; hand or 
foot. 3. Entom. Tarsus of front leg. 4. 
Crust. Prehensile organ. [L. manus, hand.] 

MANUSCRIPT (man'u-skript), I. a. Written 
by hand. II. n. Book or paper written by 
hand. [L. manus, hand, and scribo, write.] 




n. 
ruminant ; 



omasum; 



Having many 



Native 



MANX (mangks), I. n. Language (Celtic) of 
the Isle of Man. II. a. 
Pertaining to the Isle of 
Man or its inhabitants. 

MANXMAN (mangks'man), 
n. [pi. MANX'MEN.] Na- 
tive or inhabitant of the 
Isle of Man. 

MANY (men'i), I. a. [comp. 
MORE; superl. MOST.] 
Consisting of a great num- 
ber of individuals; not few; 
numerous. II. n. 1. Great Thomas Henry Hall 
number. 2. The people. Caine, English nov- 
FA S mania 1 elist Bom (° f M & nx 

M i™E S <;ie„'i-p..,>, - P»»W«M- 
The third stomach of a 
psalterium. 

MANY-SIDED (men'i-si-ded) a. 
qualities or aspects. 

MAORI (ma'o-ri), n. [pi. MA'ORIS.] 
of New Zealand. [New Zea- 
land maori, native.] 

MAP (map), n. 1. Repre- 
sentation of the surface of 
the earth, or of part of it; 
chart. 2. Representation 
of the celestial sphere. 
[L. mappa, napkin.] 

MAP (map), vt. [pr.p. MAP'- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAPPED (mapt).] 1. Draw 
in the form of a map, as 
the figure of any portion 
of land. 2. Describe clearly (generally fol- 
lowed by out). 

MAPLE (ma'pl), n. Tree of many species, from 
the sap of one of which, the sugar-maple, 
sugar is made. [A. S. mapol.] 

MAR (mar), vt. [pr.p. MAR'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
MARRED (mard).] Injure by cutting off a 
part, or by wounding; damage; spoil; dis- 
figure. [A. S. myrran.] 

MARABOU (mar'a-bo), n. 1. Species of stork, 
the feathers of which are used for trimming 
bonnets. 2. Kind of very 
white raw silk. [Fr.] 

Marabout (mar'a-bot), 

n. One of a priestly 
race of Mohammedans in 
Northern Africa. [Ar.] 

MARACAYBO (ma-ra-ki'- 
bo), n. Seaport in Ven- 
ezuela. 

MARAH (ma'ra), n. Some- 
thing bitter; bitterness; 
anguish. [Heb.] 

MARANON (ma-ran-yonO, 
n. Bot. Large spreading 
tree found in the tropics, 
of the family Anacardia* 
ce&i and bearing a peculiar fruit consisting 
of a fleshy peduncle and kidney-shaped nut. 




Maori. 




Maranon (Anacardi- 
um Occidentale). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch, ' 



MABANTA 



703 



MARITIME 



Bot. American tuber 




The peduncle Is pleasant to eat; but the nut 
Is oily and acrid and unfit for food unless 
roasted; cashew. 

MABANTA ( ma-ran 'ta), n. 
plant, of the family 
Marantacece, growing 
in tropical climates, 
from whose roots is 
obtained the arrow- 
rootofcommerce.[Sp.] 

MABASCA (ma-ras'ka), 
n. Species of wild 
cherry grown in the 
mountains of Dalma- 
tia. [It.] 

MABASCHINO (ma-ra- 
ske'no), n. Cordial 
distilled from the ma- 
rasca cherry. 

MABAUD (ma-rad'), vt. 
[pr.p, MARAUDING; 
p.t. and p.p. MA- 
RAUDED.] Pillage; 
plunder. [Fr., rogue.] 

MARAUDER (ma-rad'- 

er), n. One who ma- Maranta( M.arundinacea). 
rauds. 

MARBLE (mar'bl), I. n. 1. Species of limestone 
taking a high polish. 2. That which is made 
of marble, as a work of art. 3. Little ball 
used by boys in play. II. a. 1. Made of mar- 
ble; veined like marble. 2. Hard; insensi- 
ble. [Fr. marbre — Gr. marmaros — marmairo, 
sparkle.] 

MARBLE (mar'bl), vt. [pr.p. MAR'BLING; p.t. 
and p.p. MARBLED (mar'bld).] Variegate, 
stain, or vein like marble. 

MARBLEIZE (mar'bl-iz), vt. [pr.p. MARBLE- 
IZING; p.t. and pp. MARBLEIZED (mar'bl- 
izd).] Color in imitation of variegated marble; 
marble. 

MARCH (march), n. Third month of the year, 
named from Mars, the god of war. [L. Mar- 
tinus (mensis), (month) of Mars.] 

MARCH (march), n. Border; frontier of a terri- 
tory; used chiefly in the plural. [A. S. mearc. 
Doublet of MARK.] 

MARCH (march), v, [pr.p. MARCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. MARCHED (marcht).] I. vi. Move 
in order, as soldiers; walk in a grave or 
stately manner. II. vt. Cause to march. 
[Fr. marcher, a word of doubtful origin, per- 
haps from L. marcus, hammer, and so re- 
ferring to the regular tramp of a marching 
body of men.] 

MARCH (march), n. 1. Movement of troops; 
regular advance. 2. Piece of music fitted for 
marching to. 3. Distance passed over. 

MARCHIONESS (mar'shun-es), w. Feminine of 
MARQUIS. 

MARCONIGRAM (mar-ko'ni-gram), n. Mes- 
sage sent by Marconi system of wireless teleg- 
raphy, devised by Guglielmo (William) Mar- 



coni (born at Bologna, Italy, April 25, 1874). 
— Marconi system, wireless telegraphy requir- 
ing a coherer in the receiver. 

MABDI GbAS (mar'de gra). Fantastic cele- 
bration of the last day of carnival; Shrove 
Tuesday. [Fr., fat Tuesday.] 

MABE (mar), n. Female of the horse. — Mare's 
nest, absurd, imaginary discovery. [A. S. 
mere, fern, of horse.] 

MABE ISLAND (mar Hand). California, San 
Pablo Bay, Solano County. 

MABEOGBAPH (mar'e-o-graf), n. A device 
for automatically recording tidal changes at 
the sea-level. [L. mare, sea, and* -GRAPH.] 

MABGABIN, MABGABINE (mar'ga-rin), n. 
Preparation made from lard or vegetable oils. 
[Fr.] 

MABGAY (mar'ga), n. Spotted South American 
tiger-cat; long-tailed, striped and spotted 
wildcat. 

MABGE (marj), n. Edge; brink. [See MARGIN.] 

MARGIN (mar'jin), n. 1. Edge; border; blank 
edge on the page of a book. 2. Difference 
between cost and selling price. 3. Latitude 
on which to work or depend. [L. margo, 
marginis; cf. MARK.] 

MARGINAL (mar'jin-al), a. 1. Written or 
printed on the margin. 2. Of or pertaining to 
a margin. 

MARGRAVE (mar gra v), n. [fern. MARGRA- 
VINE (mar'gra-ven).] 1. Lord or keeper of 
the frontiers (marshes). 2. German noble- 
man of the same rank as an English marquis. 
[Ger. markgraf — mark, border, and graf, 
count.] 

MARGUERITE (mar'ge-ret), n. Daisy. [Fr.] 

MARIGOLD (mar'i-gold), n. Plant of the aster 
family bearing 
a yellow flower. 
[MARY and 
GOLD.] 

MARINATE (mar'-, 
i-nat), vt. [pr.p. 
MARINATING; 
p.t. and p.p. 
MAR'INATED.] 
Salt and pickle, 
as fish, and then 
preserve in oil or Mangold (Tagetes). 

vinegar. [MARINE and -ATE.] 

MARINE (ma-ren'), I. a. Of or belonging to 
the sea. II. n. 1. Soldier serving on ship- 
board. 2. Whole navy of a country. 3. Naval 
affairs. 4. Picture of a sea subject. [Fr. — L. 
marinus — mare, sea, akin to MERE.] 

MARINER (mar'i-ner), n. Seaman ; sailor. [Fr. 
mar inter, ~\ 

MARIONETTE (mar-i-o-nef), n. Puppet moved 
by strings. [Fr.] 

MARITAL (mar'i-tal), a. Pertaining to a hus- 
band or to marriage. [L. maritalis — maritus, 
husband.] 

MARITIME (mar'i-tim), a. 1. Pertaining to the 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



MARJORAM 



704 



MARROW 






sea; relating to navigation or naval affairs. 
-.». Situated near the sea; having a navy and 
naval commerce. [L. maritimus — mare, sea.] 

MARJORAM (mar'jo-ram), n. Aromatic plant 
used as a seasoning in cookery. 

MARK (mark), n. 1. Visible sign, as a dot, line, 
etc. 2. Object serving as a guide. 3. That 
by which anything is known. 4. Visible 
effect. 5. Thing aimed at. 6. Distinction. 
[A. S. meorc] 

SYN. Badge; proof; trace; symptom; 
token; characteristic; stamp; standard; 
imprint; impress; eminence. ANT. Era- 
sure; obliteration; effacement. 

MARK (mark), v. [pr.p. MARKING; p.t. and 
p.p. MARKED (markt).] I. vt. 1. Make a 
mark on. 2. Impress with a sign. 3. Take 
notice of; regard. 4. Keep account of ; enu- 
merate. 5. Point out; indicate. 6. Single 
out; designate. II. vi. 1. Observe critically; 
take note. 2. Keep score. 

MARK (mark), n. 1. Obsolete English coin, 
value about $3.22. 2. Monetary unit and 
silver coin of the present German Empire, 
containing exactly 5 grams of fine silver, 
value 23.82 cents. 3. Obsolete silver coin of 
Hamburg, value about 32 cents. 

MARKER (mark'er), n. 1. One who marks the 
score in games, as in billiards. 2. Device for 
keeping score. 3. One who takes note or 
notice. 

MARKET (mar'ket), n. 1. Public place for the 
purpose of buying and selling. 2. Sale; 
rate of sale ; value. [A. S. — L. mercatus, 
market — merx, merchandise.] 

MARKET (mar'ket), v. [pr.p. MARKETING; 
p.t. and p.p. MARKETED.] I. vt. Sell in a 
market; deal in. II. vi. Deal in a market; 
buy and sell. 

MARKETABLE (mar'ket-a-bl), a. Fit to be 
marketed; salable. 

MARKSMAN (marks'man), n. [pi. MARKS'- 
MEN.] One good at hitting a mark; one who 
shoots well. 

MARL (marl), n. Clay mixture often used as 
manure. [Etym. doubtful.] 

MARL (marl), vt. [pr.p. MARLING; p.t. and 
p.p. MARLED (marld).] Manure with marl. 

MARL (marl), vt. [pr.p. MARLING; p.t. and p.p. 
MARLED (marld). ] Wind (a rope) with mar- 
line twine or the like, securing every turn by a 
peeuliar hitch. 

MARLINE (mar'lin), n. Naut. Small line for 
winding round a rope. [Dut. marlijn — mar- 
tin, bind, and lijn, rope.] 

MARLIXESPIKE (mar'lin-spik), n. Iron tool, 
like a spike, for separating the strands of a 
rope. 

MARMALADE (mar'ma-lad), n. Jam or pre- 
serve, originally of quinces. [Fr.; from Pg. 
tnarmclo, quince.] 

MARMOSE (mar'mos), n. One of various small 
South American opossums. [Fr.] 



n. Small South 




Common Marmoset (Hapale 
jacchus) . 



MAR3IOSET (mar'mo-zel) 
American mon 
key, having a g^jSto 
long non-pre- pmT 
hensile tail. [Fr. l 
marmouset, gro- 
tesque figure in 
marble.] 

MARMOT (mar- 
mot), n. 1. Ro- 
dent animal a- 
bout the size of 
a rabbit, which 
inhabits the 
higher parts of 
the Alps and 
Pyrenees. 2. 
Prairie dog. [It. 
marmotto — L. 
mus, mouse, and mons, mountain.] 

MAROON (ma-ron'), a. Brownish crimson. 
[Fr. marron, chestnut.] 

MAROON (ma-ron'), n. Fugitive slave living on 
the mountains, in the W. Indies. [Fr. marron 
— Sp. cimarron — cima, mountain peak.] 

MAROON (ma-ron'), vt. [pr.p. MAROONING; 
p.t. and p.p. MAROONED (ma-rond').] Put 
ashore and abandon on a desolate island. 

MARPLOT (mar 'plot), n. One who defeats an 
undertaking by officious or blundering inter- 
ference. [MAR and PLOT.] 

MARQUE (mark), n. 1. License to make re- 
prisals. 2. Ship commissioned for making 
captures. — Letters of marque, license given to 
a private citizen to cruise and take the enemy's 
ships. [Fr.] 

MARQUEE (mar-ke'), n. Large field-tent. [Fr. 
marquise, originally a marchioness' tent.] 

MARQUETRY (mar'ket-ri), n. 3Iosaic; inlaid- 
work. [Fr. ; from root of MARK.] 

MARQUIS (mar'kwis), MARQUESS (mar'kwes), 
n. [fern. MARCHIONESS (mar'shun-es).] 
Title of nobility next below that of a duke. 
[Fr.; from the root of MARCH, MARK, 
frontier.] 

MARQUISATE (mar'kwis-at), n. Dignity or 
rank of a marquis. 

MARQUISE (mar-kez'), n. 1. In France, a 
marchioness. 2. Sunshade trimmed with 
lace hangings. [Fr.] 

MARRIAGE (mar'ij), n. Ceremony by which a 
man and a woman become husband and wife; 
union as husband and wife. [See MARRY.] 

SYN. Matrimony; wedlock; wedding; 
nuptials; espousals. ANT. Celibacy; vir- 
ginity. 

MARRIAGEABLE (mar'ij-a-bl), a. Suitable 

for marriage; capable of union. 
MARRIED (mar'id), a. 1. Pertaining to mar- 
. riage. 2. Wedded. 

MARROW (mar'6), n. 1. Soft, fatty matter in 
the cavities of the bones. 2. Pith of certain 
plants. 3. Essence or best part. [A. S. mearg.} 



fete, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u m Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



MARROW-BONE 



705 



MARVEL 



Kind of large, 



Of the nature 



Having no 



Full of marrow. 




The Planet Mars. 



MARROW-BONE (mar'6-bon), n. 1. Bone con- 
taining marrow. 2. [pi.] The knees or the 
bones of the knees. 

MARROWFAT (mar'6-fat), n. 
rich pea. 

MARROWISH (mar'6-ish), a. 
of or resembling marrow. 

MARROWLESS (mar'6-les), 
marrow. 

MARROWY (mar'6-i), a. 1. 
2. Strong; forcible; pithy.- 

MARRY (niar'i), I. vt. [pr.p. MARRYING; p.t. 
and p.p. MARRIED (mar'id).] Take for 
husband or wife; unite in matrimony. II. 
vi. Enter the marriage state; take a husband 
or a wife. [Fr. marier — L. mas, maris, male.] 

MaRS (marz), n. 1. Bom. 
Myth. God of war. 2. 
Astron. Next planet be- 
yond the earth. [L.] 

MARSALA (mar-sa/la), n. 
Light wine resembling 
sherry, from Marsala in 
Sicily. 

Marseillaise (mar-sa- 

lyaz'), n. French revolu- 
tionary hymn, first sung by 
men of Marseilles brought to Paris to aid in 
the Revolution in 1792. 

MARSEILLES (miir-salz'), n. Chief seaport 
of France on Mediterranean. 

MARSH (marsh), n. Tract of low wet land; 
morass; swamp; fen. [A. S. mersc. See 
MERE, pool.] 

MARSHAL (mar'shal), n. 1. In France, officer 
of the highest military rank. 2. In the Uni- 
ted States, civil officer of a federal judicial 
district, corresponding to the sheriff of a 
county. 3. Chief officer of some city depart- 
ment, as fire marshal. 4. One who arranges 
and directs the order of a procession, etc.; 
master of ceremonies. [Fr. marechal — O. Ger. 
marah, horse, and schalh (Ger. schalk), serv- 
ant.] 

MARSHAL (mar'shal), v. [pr.p. MARSHALING; 
p.t. and p.p. MARSHALED (mar'shald).] I. 
vt. 1. Arrange or rank in order; array. 2. 
Manage; discipline; train. 3. Lead as a 
harbinger; direct. II. vi. Come together; 
assemble. 

MARSHALER (mar'shal-er), n. One who 
marshals or disposes in proper rank or order. 

3IARSHALSHIP (mar'shal-ship), n. Office, 
rank, or position of a marshal. 

MARSHINESS (marsh'i-nes), n. State of being 
marshy. 

MARSHMALLOW (marsh'mal-6), n. 1. Spe- 
cies of mallow common in meadows and 
marshes. 2. Confection made from the 
mucilaginous root of the plant. 

MARSHY (marsh'i), a. Pertaining to or like a 
marsh; abounding in marshes. 

MARSUPIAL (mar-su'pi-al), I. a. Carrying 



young in a pouch. II. n. Marsupial animal. 
[Gr. marsupion, pouch.] 

MARSYAS (mar'si-as), n. Greek Myth. Phryg- 
ian satyr who was defeated by Apollo in a 
musical contest, and was slain for his pre- 
sumption. Upon being slain his blood 
gushed forth from his wounds and formed the 
river known by the name of Marsyas. 

MART (mart), n. Market. [A contraction of 
MARKET.] 

MARTEN (mar 'ten), n. Destructive kind of 
weasel valued for its fur. [A. S. mearth; Ice. 
mordhr; Ger. marder. From root of MURDER.] 

MARTIAL (mar'shal), a. 1. Belonging to war; 
warlike; brave. 2. Suited to war; military. 3. 
[M-] Belonging to Mars, either the god of 
war or the planet. — Martial law, law admin- 
istered by the army in time of war, under 
suspension of the civil law. [L. martialis — 
Mars, god of war.] 

31 ARTIN (mar tin) , M AR- 
TINNET (mar'ti-net), 
n. Bird of the swal- 
low kind. [Named af- 
ter St. Martin.] 

MARTINET (mar-ti-net) 
n. Strict disciplinarian; 
stickler for regularity 
in details. [From Mar- 
tinet, officer in the 
army of Louis XIV. of 
France.] 

MARTINGALE (mar tin- 
gal), n. 1. Strap fast- 
ened to a horse's girth 
to hold its head down, 
ular spar under the bowsprit. [Fr.] 

MARTINIQUE (mar-ti-nek'), n. Island, 
Indies. French. Area 380 sq. m. 

MARTINMAS (mar'tin-mas), n. Church festival 
in honor of St. Martin, on Nov. 11. 

MARTLET (mart'let), n. 1. European martin. 
2. In heraldry, a representation of a martin 
with a very short beak and no feet, used as a 
bearing or crest to designate the fourth son. 
[Fr. martinet, dim. of martin.] 

MARTYR (mar'ter), n. 1. One who suffers 
death for his belief. 2. One who submits to 
persecution or suffering for any cause. [Gr., 
witness.] 

MARTYR (mar'ter), vt. [pr.p. MARTYRING; 
p.t. and p.p. MARTYRED (mar'terd).] Put 
to death on account of religious belief; make 
a martyr of. 

MARTYRDOM (mar'ter-dum), n. Suffering or 
death of a martyr. 

MARTYROLOGY (mar-ter-ol'o-ji), n. History 
of martyrs. 

MARVEL (mar'vel), n. Anything astonishing. 
[Fr. merveille— -L. mirabilis, wonderful.] 

MARVEL (mar'vel), vi. [pr.p. MARVELING; 
p.t. and p.p. MARVELED (mar'veld).] Be 
struck or filled with astonishment or wonder. 




House Martin (Hirundo 
urbica). 

2. Short, perpendic- 



W. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MARVELOUS 



TOG 



MASS-MEETING 



Astonishment 



In a 






MARVELOUS (mar'vel-us), a. 
beyond belief. 

SYN. Surprising; wonderful; incredible; 
miraculous; astounding; improbable; ama- 
zing. ANT. Common; ordinary; common- 
place. 
MARVELOUSLY (mar'vel-us-li), 

marvelous manner or degree. 
MARVELOUSNESS (mar'vel-us-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being marvelous. 
MARYLAND (mer'i-land), n. One of theU. S. 

Area 12,297 sq. m. Capital, Annapolis. 
MASCOT (mas'kot), n. Object, animate or not, 
whose presence is supposed to bring luck. [Fr.] 
MASCULINE (mas'ku-lin), a. 1. Having the 
qualities of a man; resembling a man; robust; 
bold. 3. Expressing the male gender. [L. 
masculinus — masculus, male — mas, a male.] 

SYN. 3Ianly; manful; mannish; male; 
virile. ANT. Feminine; female; womanly; 
effeminate. 
MASCULINELY (mas'ku-lin-li), adv. In a mas- 
culine manner; like a man. 
MASCULINENESS (mas'ku-lin-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being masculine. 
MASH (mash), n. 1. Mixture of ingredients 
beaten together. 2. Mixture of crushed malt 
and hot water. 3. Object of admiration. 
(Slang.) [A. S. masc, akin to MIX.] 
MASH (mash), vt. [pr.p. MASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. MASHED (masht).] 1. Beat into a mixed 
mass; bruise. 2. In brewing, mix (malt and 
hot water) together. 3. Flirt with. (Colloq.) 
MASHER (mash'er), n. 1. In brewing, a ma- 
chine for making a mash. 2. Fellow that 
dresses showily and endeavors to attract the 
attention of women with a view to effecting 
an irregular acquaintance. (Colloq.) 
MASHIE, MASHY (mash'I), n. Short-headed 
golf-club, designed especially for short ap- 
proaches. 
MASHY (mash'I), a. In a mashed condition. 
MASK (mask), n. 1. Anything disguising or 
concealing the face. 2. Anything that dis- 
guises; pretense. 3. Masquerade. 4. Dra- 
matic performance in which the actors ap- 
pear masked. 5. Death-mask; cast of the 
face of a dead person. 6. Masker. [Fr. 
masque — Sp. mascara — Ar. maskharat, jester.] 
MASK (mask), v. [pr.p. MASKTNG; p.t. and p.p. 
MASKED (maskt).] I. vt. Cover or conceal 
with, or as with, a mask; disguise. II. vi. 1. 
Put on or wear a mask. 2. Join in a mas- 
querade; revel. 
MASKALONGE, n. Same as MUSKAIXONGE. 
MASKER (mask'er), n. One who wears a mask. 
MASKINONGE (mas'kl-nonj), n. Same as 

Ml'SKALLONGE. 
MASON (ma'sn), n. 1. One who cuts, prepares, 
and lays stones ; builder In stone. 2. [M-] Free- 
mason. [Fr. macon — L.L. macio, prob. — O. 
H. Ger. mezzo. Cf. Ger. steinmetz, mason, 
and messer, knife.] 



MASONIC (ma-son'ik), a. Relating to Freema- 
sonry. 

MASONRY (ma'sn-ri), n. 1. Work of a mason; 
structure of stone or brick. 2. Art of build- 
ing in stone. 3. [M-l Freemasonry. 

MASQUE (mask), n. and v. Same as MASK. 

MASQUERADE (mas-ker-ad'), n. 1. Assembly 
of persons wearing masks, generally at a ball. 

2. Disguise. [Fr. — Sp. mascarada — mascara 
— Ar. maskharat, jester.] 

MASQUERADE (mas-ker-ad'), v. [pr.p. MAS- 
QUERADING; p.t. and p.p. MASQUERA'- 
DED.] I. vt. Put into disguise; conceal 
as with a mask. II. vi. 1. Wear a mask; 
assume a disguise. 2. Join in a masquerade. 

MASQUERADER (mas-ker-a'der), n. One who 
wears a mask or takes part in a masquerade. 

MASS (mas), n. 1. Lump of matter; quantity; 
collected body; large quantity; principal part; 
main body. 2. Quantity of matter in a body. 

3. [pi.] The lower classes. [Fr. masse — Gr. 
mdza, barley-cake.] 

MASS (mas), v. [pr.p. MASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MASSED (mast).] I. vt. Gather or collect 
into a mass ; bring together. II. vi. Assemble 
in masses. 

MASS (mas), n. Celebration of the Lord's Sup- 
per in Roman Catholic churches. [Fr. messe, 
from the Latin words ite, missa est, "go, (the 
congregation) is dismissed," said at the close of 
the service.] 

Massachusetts (mas-a-cho'sets), n. one 

of U. S. Area 8,546 sq. m. Capital, Boston. 

MASSACRE (mas'a-ker), n. Indiscriminate 
slaughter, especially with cruelty; carnage. 
[Fr. — the Teut. Cf. L. Ger. matsken, cut; 
Ger. metzger, butcher.] 

MASSACRE (mas'a-ker), vt. [pr.p. MASSA- 
CRING (mas'a-kring) ; p.t. and p.p. MASSA- 
CRED (mas'a-kerd).] Kill with violence and 
cruelty; slaughter. 

MASSAGE (mas-sazh'), n. Method of treating 
or developing the muscles and tissues by ma- 
nipulations, such as surface friction, kneading 
and slight pounding with the hand. [Fr.] 

MASSAGE (mas-sazh'), vt. [pr.p. MASSAGING 
(mas-sa'zhing) ; p.t. and p.p. MASSAGED 
(mas-sazhd').] Subject to massage. 

MASSAGIST (mas-sa'zhist), n. Masseur or 
masseuse. 

MASSE (mas-sa'), n. Billiards. Sharp vertical 
stroke. [Fr. masser, knead.] 

MASSEUR (mas-sur'), n. [pi. MASSEURS (mas- 
siirz').] Man who practices massage; male 
massaglst. [Fr.] 

MASSEUSE (mas-suz'), n. [pi. MASSEUSES 
(mas-suz'.)] Female massaglst. [Fr.] 

MASSIVE (mas'iv), a. Bulky; weighty. 

MASSIVELY (mas'iv-li), adv. In a massive 
manner. 

MASSIVENESS (mas'iv-nes), ». Quality or 
state of being massive. 

MASS-MEETING (mas'mSt-ing), n. General 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



MASSY 



707 



MATE 



meeting for some specific purpose, usually 
political. 

MASSY (mas'i), a. [comp. MASS IE R: superh 
MASS'IEST.] Massive 

MAST (mast), n. Long upright pole for sustain- 
ing the yards, rigging, etc., in a ship. [A. S. 
incest. ] 

MAST (mast), n. Fruit of the oak, beech, chest- 
nut, and other forest trees, on which swine 
feed; nuts; acorns. [A. S. nicest. Akin to 
MEAT.] 

MASTER (mas'ter), I. n. 1. One who commands; 
lord or owner; leader or ruler; teacher; em- 
ployer; commander of a merchant-ship; offi- 
cer who navigates a ship-of-war under the 
captain. 2. Degree in universities. 3. One 
eminently skilled in anything. 4. Common 
title of address to a young gentleman. II. a. 
Belonging to a master; chief; principal. — Mas- 
ter-at-arms, non-commissioned officer of the 
first-class on a warship; chief police officer 
on a man-of-war. [O. Fr. maistre — L. mag- 
ister.] 

MASTER (mas'ter), vt. [pr.p. MAS'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MASTERED (mas'terd).] 1. 
Become master of; overpower; subdue. 2. 
Overcome the difficulties of. 3. Become 
skillful in. 

MASTER (mast'er), n. Vessel that has a mast 
or masts. (Used only in composition, as a 
three-master) . 

MASTERFUL (mas'ter-fol), a. 1. Showing 
mastery. 2. Domineering; arbitrary. 

MASTER-KEY (mas'ter-ke), n. 1. Key that 
opens many locks. 2. General clue out of 
many difficulties. 

MASTERLESS (mas'ter-les), a. Without a 
master or owner; ungoverned; unsubdued. 

MASTERLY (mas'ter-li), I. a. Like a master. 
II. adv. With the skill of a master. 

MASTERPIECE (master-pes), n. Piece of 
work worthy of a master; work of superior 
skill; supreme achievement. 

MASTERSHIP (master-ship), n. 1. Office of 
master; rule; dominion. 2. Superiority. 

MASTER-STROKE (mas'ter-strok), n. Stroke 
or performance worthy of a master; superior 
performance. 

MASTERY (mas'ter-i), n. 1. Power or au- 
thority of a master. 2. Dominion; victory; 
superiority. 

MASTHEAD (mast'hed), n. Naut. Top part of 
a mast, especially of the top mast. 

MASTIC (mas'tik), n. 1. Species of gum-resin 
from the mastic tree (Pistacia lentiscus). 2. 
Cement from mastic. 3. Tree producing 
mastic. [Fr. — Gr. mastichS — mxstizd, chew.] 

MASTICATE (mas'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. MAS'TI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. MASTICATED.] Chew; 
grind with the teeth. [L. L. mastico. See 
MASTIC] 

MASTICATION (mas-ti-ka'shun), n. Act or proc- 
ess of masticating. 




Mastiff. 



MASTIFF (mas 'tif),n. Large and strong variety of 
dog, famous as a "watch- 
dog" in England. [O. Fr. 
mestify mongrel.] 

MASTODON (mas'to-don), 
n. Extinct animal, re- 
sembling the elephant, 
with nipple-like projec- 
tions on its teeth. [Gr. 
mastos, breast, and odous, 
tooth.] 

MASTOID (mas'toid), a. Re- 
sembling a nipple in shape ; 
in anatomy, applied to a nipple-shaped bony 
prominence below and behind the orifice of 
the ear. [Gr. mastos, breast, and eidos, form.] 

MAT (mat), n. 1. Texture of sedge, rushes, etc., 
for wiping the feet on or, for covering the 
floor, etc. 2. Plate or card-board laid over 
a picture, forming a border and keeping it 
from abrasion by the glass. [A. S. meatta — 
L. matta.] 

MAT (mat), vt. [pr.p. MAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAT'TED.] 1. Cover with mats. 2. Inter- 
weave. 3. Entangle. 

31ATADOR, MATADORE (mat'a-dor), n. Man 
chosen to kill the bull in bull-fights. [Sp. 
matar — L. macto, kill.] 

MATCH (mach), n. 1. Splint or strip of com- 
bustible material tipped at one end with a 
composition that ignites by friction. 2. Fuse; 
slow-match. [Fr. meche — Gr. myxa, wick of 
a lamp.] 

MATCH (mach), n. 1. Anything which agrees 
with or suits another thing; equal; one able 
to cope with another. 2. Contest. 3. Mar- 
riage; one to be gained in marriage. [A. S. 
gemcecca, companion, mate.] 

MATCH (mach), v. [pr.p. MATCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. MATCHED (macht).] I. vt. 1. Be equal 
to; be able to compete with. 2. Find an 
equal to; set against as equal. 3. Suit. 4. 
Give in marriage. II. vi. 1. Be of the same 
size or character. 2, Be united, or married. 

MATCHER (mach'er), n. One who matches. 

MATCHLESS (mach'les), a. Having no match 
or equal. 

MATCHLOCK (mach'lok), n. 1. Lock of an 
old form of musket containing a match for 
firing it. 2. Musket so fired. 




Matchlock. 

MATCH-MAKER (mach'ma-ker), n. One who 

makes matrimonial matches. 
MATCH-MAKER (machma-ker), n. One who 

makes matches for lighting. 
MATE (mat), n. 1. Companion; equal; male or 



fate fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



MATE 



70S 



MATTER 



female of animals that go in pairs. 2. In a 
merchant-ship, the second in command; as- 
sistant. [A. S. gcmaca. Dut. maat.] 

.MATE (mat), v. [pr.p. MATING; p.t. and p.p. 
MATED.] I. vt. 1. Be equal to; match one's 
self against. 2. Marry; match; become a 
companion to. II. vi. Be associated as 
mates; pair. 

SlATE (mat), n. and v. In chess, checkmate. 

MATELESS (mat'les), a. Without a mate or 
companion. 

MATERIAL (ma-te'ri-al), I. a. 1. Consisting of 
matter; corporeal; not spiritual; substantial. 
Z. Essential; important. II. n. (Especially 
in plural) that out of which anything is 
to be made. [L.L. materialis — L. materia, 
matter.] 

MATERIALISM (ma-te'ri-al-izm), n. Doctrine 
that denies the independent existence of spirit, 
and maintains that there is but one substance 
— viz., matter. 

MATERIALIST (ma-te'ri-al-ist), n. One who 
holds the doctrine of materialism. 

MATERIALISTIC (ma-te-ri-al-ist'ik), a. Per- 
taining to materialism. 

MATERIALITY (ma-te-ri-al'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being material. 

MATERIALIZE (ma-te'ri-al-iz), v. [pr.p. MA- 
TERIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. MATERIAL- 
IZED (ma-te'ri-al-izd).] I. vt. 1. Reduce to 
or regard as matter. 2. Occupy with material 
Interests. 3. Make visible, as a spirit. II. vi. 
Become tangible or real. 

MATERIALLY (ma-te'ri-al-i), adv. 1. In the 
state of matter. 2. Essentially; importantly. 

MATERIA 3IEDICA (ma-te'ri-a med'i-ka). 1. 
Substances employed in making up medicines. 
2. Science relating to medical substances. 

MATERIEL (ma-ta-ri-el'), n. That which con- 
stitutes the materials or instruments employed 
in a complex system, as distinguished from 
the personnel, or men employed. [Er.] 

MATERNAL (ma-ter'nal), a. Belonging to a 
mother; motherly. [L. matemus — mater, 
mother.] 

MATERNALLY (ma-ter'nal-i), adv. In a ma- 
ternal or motherly manner. 

MATERNITY (ma-ter'ni-ti), n. State of being a 
mother. 

MATHEMATIC (math-e-mat'ik), MATHEMAT- 
ICAL (math-e-mat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to 
or done by mathematics; very accurate. 

MATHEMATICALLY (math-e-mat'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a mathematical manner. 

MATHEMATICIAN (math-e-ma-tish'an), n. 
One versed in mathematics. 

MATHEMATICS (math-e-mat'iks), n. Science 
of number and quantity, and of all their rela- 
tions. [Gr. mathema, learning, science — man- 
thano, learn.] 

MATIN rmat'in), I. a. Morning; used in the 
morning. II. n.pl. Morning prayers or serv- 
ice. [Er. — L. matutinum, morning.] 



MATINEE (mat-i-na/), w. Entertainment in the 
afternoon. [Fr. matin, morning, early.] 

MATRICIDAL (mat'ri-si-dal), a. Pertaining to 
matricide. 

3IATRICIDE (mat'ri-sid), n. 1. Murderer of 
one's mother. 2. Murder of one's mother. [L. 
mater, mother, and ccedo, kill.] 

MATRICULATE (ma-trik'u-lat), v. [pr. p. MA- 
TRICULATING; p.t. and p.p. MATRICU- 
LATED.] I. vt. Admit to membership by 
entering one's name in a register, especially 
in a college. II. vi. Become a member of a 
college, university, etc., by being enrolled. 
[L.L. matriculatus, p.p. of matriculo, enroll.] 

MATRICULATE (ma-trik'u-lat), n. One ad- 
mitted to membership in a college, etc. 

MATRICULATION (ma-trik-u-la'shun), n. Act 
of matriculating or state of being matric- 
ulated. 

MATRIMONIAL (mat-ri-mo ni-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to marriage or matrimony. 

MATRIMONIALLY (mat-ri-mo'ni-al-i), adv. 
In a matrimonial manner. 

MATRIMONY (mat'ri-mo-ni), n. Act of mar- 
rying or state of being married. [L. matri- 
monium — mater, mother.] 

MATRIX (ma'triks), n. [pi. MATRICES (mat'ri- 
sez).] 1. Cavity in which anything is formed; 
mold; die. 2. Womb. 3. Print, Mold of 
non-combustible substance for casting type, 
etc. [L. mater, mother.] 




Papier-mache Matrix used for 
casting type metal. 

MATRON (ma'trun), n. 1. Married woman; 
motherly, dignified woman. 2. Female su- 
perintendent in a public institution, as a 
hospital. [L. matrona — mater, mother.] 

MATRONLY (ma'trun-li), o. Characteristic of 
a matron; elderly; sedate. 

MATTER (mat'er), n. 1. That which occupies 
space, and with which we become acquainted 
by our bodily senses. 2. That out of which 
anything is made. 3. Subject or thing treated 
of; that with which one has to do; condition; 
state. 4. Cause of a thing. 5. Thing of 
consequence. 6. Secretion; pus. 7. Type 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



MATTER 



709 



MAXIMUM 




"iigi" 

Mattock. 
Sort of quilted bed 
[O. Fr. 



composed and ready to be used in printing. 
[L. materia, matter.] 

MATTER (mat'er), vi. [pr.p. MAT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MATTERED (mat'erd).] 1. Be 
of moment or consequence; signify. 2. Med. 
Form pus. 

MaTTERHORN (mat'er-harn), n. Peak of the 
Alps. Altitude 14,771 feet. 

MATTING (mat'ing), n. 1. Texture for covering 
floors, composed of hemp, jute, rushes, grass, 
etc. 2. Material for making mats. 

MATTOCK (mat'uk), w. Kind of pick-ax hav- 
ing the iron 
ends broad in- 
stead of point- 
ed. [A. S. mat' 
toe] 

MATTRESS (mat'res), n. 

stuffed with wool, horse-hair, etc. 
materas — Ar. matrali, rubbish heap.] 

MATURATE (matu-rat), v. [pr.p. MAT'URA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MAT'URATED.] I. vt. 
Promote the suppuration of. II. vi. Suppu- 
rate perfectly. [L. maturo — maturus, ripe.] 

MATURATION (mat-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
maturating. 2. Ripeness. 

MATURATIVE (ma-tur'a-tiv), I. a. Maturing; 
promoting suppuration. II. w. Medicine 
promoting suppuration. 

MATURE (ma-tur'), a. Fully developed; ripe. 
[L. maturus, ripe.] 

SYN. Perfected; finished; prepared; com- 
pleted; digested; ready. ANT. Immature; 
green; raw; undeveloped. 

MATURE (ma-tur'), v. [pr.p. MATURING; p.t. 
and p.p. MATURED (ma-turd').] I. vt. 1. 
Ripen. 2. Bring to perfection. 3. Prepare 
for use. II. vi. 1. Become ripe. 2. Become 
fully developed. 

MATURITY (ma-tur'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being mature. 

MATUTINAL (mat-u-tl'nal), a. Pertaining to 
the morning; early. [See MATIN.] 

MAUDLIN (mad'lin), a. Weeping; silly, as if 
half drunk; sickly sentimental. [From Mag- 
dalen.] 

M AUGER, MAUGRE (ma'ger), prep. In spite 
of. [O. Fr. maugre; Fr. malgre — L. male, 
badly, and gratum, agreeable.] 

MAUL (m.al), n. Heavy wooden hammer; beetle; 
mall. [O. Fr. — L. malleus, hammer.] 

MAUL (mal), vt. [pr.p. MAUL/ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MAULED (maid).] 1. Beat with a maul. 2. 
Beat or bruise. 3. Split by means of a maul. 
4. Handle roughly. 

MAULSTICK (mal'stik), n. Stick used by paint- 
ers to steady their hand when working. [Ger. 
malerstock — maler, painter, and stock, stick.] 

MAUNDER (man'der), vi. [pr.p. MAUNDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MAUNDERED (man'derd).] 
Talk incoherently or foolishly. [O. Fr. mend- 
ier.) 

Maundy Thursday (man'di thurz'da), 




Mausoleum. 



Thursday in Passion-week, when royal char- 
ity is distributed to the poor at Whitehall, 
London, England. [M. E. maundee — O. Fr. 
mande — L. mandatum, command, i. e. the 
"new Commandment," to love one another, 
John xiii. 34.] 
MAURITANIAN (ma-ri-ta'ni-an), o. Of or 
pertaining to Mauritania, name given in an- 
cient geography to the northwestern part of 

Mauritius (ma-risn'i-us), or Isle of 

FRANCE. British island, Indian Ocean. 

MAUSER (mow'zer), n. German magazine-rifle, 
invented by William Mauser (1834-82). 

MAUSOLEUM (ma-so-le'um), n. Magnificent 
tomb or monument. [Gr. 
mausoleion — Mausdlos, 
king of Caria to whom 
his widow erected a 
splendid tomb.] 

MAUSOLUS (ma-so'lus), 
n. Greek Myth. King 
of Caria; his wife, Arte- 
misia, at his death drank 
his ashes; erected the 
grandest monument of 
antiquity to his memory, 
one of the "seven won- 
ders." [Gr. Mausdlos.] 

MAUVE (mov), n. Deli- 
cate purple color. [Fr. — L. malva, mallow.] 

MAVERICK (mav'er-ik), n. Ranching. Un- 
branded animal, especially a cow or calf, sub- 
ject to be taken up by the finder as "un- 
owned." [From name of a Texas cattle- 
raiser whose mark of identification was the 
absence of a brand.] 

MAW (ma), n. 1. Stomach. 2. Craw, in birds. 
[A. S. maga — Ger. magen.] 

MAWKISH (mak'ish), a. 1. Disgusting. 2. 
Easily disgusted; squeamish. [Prov. E. mawfc, 
maggot.] 

MAXILLA (maks-il'a), n. [pi. MAXIL'L*.] 
Jawbone. [L.] 

MAXILLAR (maks'i-lar), MAXILLARY (maks- 
il-a-ri), a. Pertaining to the jawbone or jaw. 
[L. maxilla, jawbone — root of MACERATE.] 

MAXIM (maks'im), n. General principle, usu- 
ally of a practical nature; proverb; axiom; 
aphorism. [L. maxima (sententia) , chief (opin- 
ion).] 

MAXIM (maks'im), n. Automatic machine- gun 
capable of firing over 600 rounds per minute, 
and of accurate shooting up to 3000 yards. 
Also called Maxim gun* [From Hiram S. 
Maxim, the inventor.] 

MAXIMITE (maks'im-it), n. High explosive 
invented by Hudson Maxim, used for charging 
U. S. submarine torpedoes. 

MAXIMUM (maks'i-mum), I. n. [pi. MAXIMA 
(maks'i-ma).] 1. Greatest quantity or degree 
attainable or attained, in any given case; 
opposed to MINIMUM. 2. Math. Value of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, -wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, lih=ch in Scotch loch. 



MAY 



710 



MEANLY 




a variable when it ceases to increase and 
begins to decrease. II. o. Greatest possible. 
|I,., sup. of magnus, great.] 

MAT (mft), vi. [p.t. MIGHT (mit).] 1. Be 
a bio. 2. Be allowed; be free to act. 3. Be 
possible. 4. Be by chance. 5. Be compe- 
tent. [A. S. mceg, be strong.] 

May (ma), n. 1. Fifth month of the year. 2. 
Early or gay part of life. [L. JMaius (mensis), 
(month) sacred to Maia (the mother of Mer- 
cury) — root mag, grow.] 

HAT (ma), n. English hawthorn, which blos- 
soms in May. 

MAY-APPLE (ma'ap-1), n. Fruit of the man- 
drake. 

MAY-DAY (ma'da), n. First day of May. 

MAYBE (ma'be), adv. Perhaps; possibly. 

MAY-BEETLE (ma'be-tl), n. Cockchafer. 

M\ YENCE(ma-yangs'), 
n. Town in Germany. 
See MAINZ. 

Ma Y-FLOYYER (ma'- v*>9 
flow-er), n. 
1. In Eng- 
land, haw- 
thorn. 2. 
In the TJ.S,. 
trailing ar- 
butus. 

May -fly 

(ma'fli), n. 

[pi. MAT'- 

FLIES.] Ephemeral fly which appears in 3Iay. 
MAYHEM (ma'hem), n. Crime of violently 

crippling a person. [See MAIM.] 
MATING (ma'ing), n. Observing May-day fes- 
tivities. 
MAYONNAISE (ma-on-az'), n. Sauce composed 

of the yolks of eggs, salad-oil, and vinegar or 

lemon-juice. [Fr.] 
MAYOR (ma'ur), n. Chief magistrate of a city 

or borough. [Fr. maire — L. major, comp. of 

magnus, great.] 
MAYORALTY (ma'ur-al-ti), n. Office or term 

of a mayor. 
MAY-POLE (ma'pol), n. Pole erected for danc- 
ing round on May-day. 
MaY-QUEEN (ma'kwen), n. Young woman 

crowned with flowers as queen on May-day. 
MAZE (maz), n. Place full of intricate windings; 

confusion of thought; perplexity. [From root 

of Xorw. masa, ponder.] 
MAZE (maz), vt. [pr.p. MA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 

MAZED (mazd).] Bewilder; confuse. 
MAZILT (ma'zi-li), adv. In a mazy or winding 

manner. 
HAZINESS (ma'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being mazy. 

M \ZURKA (ma-zor'ka), n. Lively Polish dance. 

[Pol.] ' 
MAZY (ma'zl), a. [comp. MA'ZIER; superl. 

MAZIEST.] Full of windings; intricate. 
ME (me), personal pron. Objective case of I. [A. S.] 



May-beetle — with larva and pupa 

(Melontha vulgaris). 




Meadow-lark (Sturnella 
magna). 



MEAD (med), n. Honey and water fermented 
and flavored. [A. S. medu.] 

MEADOW (med'6), MEAD (med), n. Rich pas- 
ture-ground. [A. S. meed — mawan, mow.] 

MEADOW-LARK (med'6-lark), n. American 
starling (Sturnella 
magna), which fre- 
quents meadows and 
fields. It has a sweet, 
liquid note. 

MEAGER, MEAGRE 
(me'ger), o. Lean; 
poor; scanty; without 
strength; barren. [Fr. 
maigre — L. macer 9 
lean. 

MEAGERLY, MEA- 
GRELY (me'ger-li), 
adv. In a meager manner. 

31EAGERNESS, 3IEAGRENESS (me'ger-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being meager. 

MEAL (mel), n. Food taken at one time; act 
or the time of taking food ; repast. [A. S. nicely 
time.] 

MEAL (mel), n. Grain coarsely ground. [A. S. 
melu.] 

MEALINESS (mel'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being mealy. 

MEALY (mel'i), a. Resembling meal; be- 
sprinkled as with meal. 

MEALY-MOUTHED (meli-mowthd), a. Too 
cautious in speech; hypocritical. 

3IEAN (men), a. [comp. MEAN'ER; superl. 
MEAN'EST.] 1. Low; common. 2. Base; sor- 
did. 3. Contemptible. [A. S. mozne, wicked.] 

SYN. Humble; ignoble; abject; vile; des- 
picable. ANT. High; exalted; honorable. 

MEAN (men), I. a. Middle; coming between; 
moderate. II. n. 1. Middle point, quantity, 
value or degree. 2. Instrument. 3. [pl.~\ 
Income; estate; instrument. [O. Fr. meien 
(Fr. moyen) — L. medianus — medius, middle.] 

3IEAN (men), v. [pr.p. MEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MEANT (ment).] I. vt. 1. Have in the mind 
or thoughts; intend. 2. Signify. II. vi. 
Be minded or disposed. [A. S. mcenan; Ger. 
meinen.] 

3IEANDER (me-an'der), n. Winding course; 
maze; perplexity. [Gr. Maiandros, name of 
a winding river in Asia 3Iinor.] 

3IEANDER (me-an'der), v. [pr.p. MEANDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MEANDERED (me-an'- 
derd).] I. vt. Wind or flow round. II. vi. 1. 
Flow, run, or proceed in a winding course. 2. 
Be intricate. 

3IEANING (men'ing), I. n. That which is in the 
mind or thoughts; signification; sense in- 
tended; purpose. II. a. Significant. 

3IEANINGLESS (men'ing-les), a. Having no 
sense or meaning. 

3IEANINGLY (men'ing-li), adv. In a meaning 
manner. 

3IEANLY (men'li), adv. 1. Humbly; lowly. 2. 



rate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ' 



MEANNESS 



711 



MEDIANT 



Poorly; shabbily. 3. Disrespectfully. 4. Base- 
ly. 5. Sordidly. 

MEANNESS (men'nes), n. 1. Baseness or dis- 
honorableness of mind. 2. Low, or dishon- 
orable thoughts or actions. 3. Sordidness; 
niggardliness. 

MEANT (ment), v. Past tense and past participle 
of MEAN. 

MEANTIME (men'tim), MEANWHILE (men'- 
hwil), I. n. Time intervening. II. adv. In 
the intervening time. 

MEASLES (me'zlz), n. Contagious fever ac- 
companied with small red spots upon the skin. 
[Dut. maselen, measles; from masa, spot.] 

MEASLY (me'zli), a. 1. Affected with measles. 
2. Despicable; miserable. (Colloq.) 

MEASURABLE (mezh'ur-a-bl), a. That may 
be measured or computed; moderate. 

MEASURABLY (me/.h'ur-a-bli), adv. In a meas- 
urable manner or degree; moderately. 

MEASURE (mezh'ur), n. 1. That by which 
extent is ascertained or expressed. 2. Extent; 
proportion; stated quantity; degree. 3. Rule 
by which anything is adjusted. 4. Modera- 
tion. 5. Means to an end. 6. Meter; mu- 
sical time. [Fr. mcsure — L. mensura.] 

MEASURE (mezh'ur), v. [pr.p. MEASURING; 
p.t. and p.p. MEASURED (mezh'urd).] I. vt. 
1. Ascertain the dimensions of. 2. Adjust 
by a rule or standard. 3. Mark out. 4. 
Allot. 5. Serve as a measure of. II. vi. 1. 
Be of a certain size. 2. Be equal or uniform. 

MEASURED (mezh'urd), a. Equal; uniform; 
steady; restricted. 

MEASURELESS (mezh'ur-les), a. Boundress; 
unlimited ; immeasurable. 

MEASUREMENT (mezh'ur-mcnt), n. 1. Act of 
measuring. 2. Quantity found by measuring. 

MEASURING -CHAIN (mezh'ur-ing-chan), n. 
Surveyor's chain. 

MEASURING-GLASS(mezh'- 
ur-ing-glas), n. Graded 
glass vessel, used for meas- 
uring liquids. 

MEASURING - MACHINE 

(mezh'ur-ing-ma-shen), n. Measuring-chain. 
Device for determining exact length or end- 
measurement. 

MEASURING-WORM (mezh'ur-ing-wurm), n. 
Same as LOOPER. 

MEAT (met), n. 1. Anything eaten as food. 2. 
Flesh of animals used as food. 3. Animal 
food other than fish. 4. Edible portion of 
fruit, nuts, eggs, etc. [A. S. mete — metan, 
measure, deal out.] 

MECCA (mek'a), n. City in Arabia. 

MECHANIC (me-kan'ik), MECHANICAL (me- 
kan'ik-al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to machines or 
mechanics. 2. Constructed according to the 
laws of mechanics. 3. Acting by physical 
power. 4. Done by a machine. 5. Pertain- 
ing to artisans. 6. Done simply by force 
of habit. II. n. One engaged in a mechan- 




ical trade; an artisan. — Mechanical powers, 
means of converting a small force acting 
through a great space into a great force acting 
through a small space, or vice versa: the lever 
and the inclined plane, with their applications. 
IGr. mSchanikos — mSchanS, machine.] 

MECHANICALLY (me-kan'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
mechanical manner. 

MECHANICIAN (mek-a-nish'an), MECHANIST 
(mek'a-nist), n. One skilled in mechanics. 

MECHANICS (me-kan'iks), n. 1. Science which 
treats of machines. 2. Science which deter- 
mines the effect produced by forces on a body. 

MECHANISM (mek'a-nizm), n. 1. Arrangement 
and action of a machine. 2. That which acts 
according to mechanical laws. 3. Mechan- 
ical action. 

Mecklenburg -Schwerin (mek'ien- 

borkh-shva-ren'), n. Grand-duchy, Germany. 

MECKLENBURG-STRELITZ (mek'len-borkh- 
shtra/lits), n. Grand-duchy, Germany. 

MEDAL (med'al), n. Piece of metal generally 
in the form either of a dish or shield, bearing 
some device or inscription, usually commem- 
orative, and bestowed as a reward of merit. 
[Fr. medaille — L. metallum, metal.] 





Obverse. 



Medal. 



Reverse. 



MEDALLION (me-dal'yun), n. 1. Large medal. 
2. Memorial coin. 3. Bas-relief of a round 
form. [Fr.] 

MEDDLE (med'l), vi. [pr.p. MEDDLING; p.t. 
and p.p. MEDDLED (med'ld).] Interfere offi- 
ciously (with or in) ; have to do (with). [O. Fr. 
medler — L. misceo, mix.] 

MEDDLER (med'ler), n. One who meddles. 

MEDDLESOME (med'1-sum), a. Given to med- 
dling; interfering. 

MEDDLESOMENESS (med'1-sum-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being meddlesome. 

MEDDLING (med'ling), I. a. Interfering in the 
concerns of others; officious. II. n. Officious 
interposition. 

MEDEA (me-de'a), n. Greek Myth. Wife of 
Jason and daughter of yEetes, who assisted 
Jason in getting the golden fleece. 

MEDIEVAL. Same as MEDIEVAL. 

MEDIAL (me'di-al), a. Noting a mean or av- 
erage. [L. L. medialis — L. medius, middle.] 

MEDIAN (me'di-an), a. Situated in, or passing 
through or along the middle. [L. medianus — 
medius, middle.] 

MEDIANT (me'di-ant), n. Music. Third tone of 
a diatonic scale, midway between' tonic and 
dominant. 



fate, fat, tasV, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, h.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



MEDIATE 



712 



MEET 



MEDIATE (me'di-at), «• *• Middle; between 
two extremes. 2. Acting by or as a means. 
:?. Intervening; interposed. [L.L. mediates, 
pip. of medio, divide in the middle — L. medius, 
middle.] 
.MEDIATE (me'di-at), v. [pr.p. MEDIATING; 
p.t. and p.p. MEDIATED.] I. vt. Effect by 
mediation. II. vi. Interpose between parties 
as a friend of each; intercede. 
MEDIATELY (me'di-at-li), adv. In a mediate 

manner. 
MEDIATION (me-di-a'shun), n. Act of me- 
diating; intervention. 

SIX. Interposition; intercession; arbi- 
tration. ANT. Neutrality; indifference. 
MEDIATIVE (me'di-a-tiv), a. Serving to me- 
diate; mediatorial. 
MEDIATOR (me'di-a-tur), n. One who medi- 
ates. 
3IEDIATORIAL (me-di-a-to'ri-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to a mediator or mediation; medi- 
ative. 
MEDIATORIALLY (me-di-a-to'ri-al-i), adv. In 

a mediatorial manner. 
MEDICABLE (med'i-ka-bl), a. That may be 

healed. 
3IEDICAL (med'ik-al), a. 1. Relating to the art 
of healing diseases. 2. Containing that which 
heals. 3. Intended to promote the study of 
medicine. [L.L. medicalis — L. medicus, per- 
taining to healing — medeor, heal.] 
MEDICALLY (med'ik-al-i), adv. In a medical 

manner; for the purpese of healing. 
MEDICAMENT (med'i-ka-ment), n. Medicine; 

healing application. 
MEDICATE (med'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. MEDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MEDICATED.] 1. Treat 
with medicine. 2. Impregnate with any- 
thing medicinal. 
MEDICATION (med-i-ka'shun), n. Act or proc- 
ess of medicating or being medicated. 
MEDICATIVE (med'i-ka-tiv), a. Healing; tend- 
ing to heal. 
MEDICINAL (me-dis'i-nal), a. Relating to 
medicine; fitted to cure or lessen disease or 
pain. 
MEDICINALLY (me-dis'i-nal-i), adv. In a 

medicinal manner. 
MEDICINE (med'i-sin), n. 1. Anything ap- 
plied for the cure or lessening of disease or 
pain. 2. Science which treats of the preven- 
tion and cure of diseases. 3. Charm. 
MEDICINE-MAN fmed'i-sin-man), n. Among 
American Indians, person having magical 
power of healing and prophesying. 
MEDIEVAL, MEDIAEVAL (me-di-e'val), a. 
Relating or appropriate to the middle ages. 
[L. mediua, middle, and ozvum, age.] 
MEDINA (me-de'na), n. City in Arabia. 
MEDIOCRE (mg'dl-6-kgr), o. Middlin ; ordi- 
nary. [L. mediocris.] 
MEDIOCRITY (me-di-ok'ri-ti), n. [pi. MEDI- 
OCRITIES.] 1. Quality or state of being 



mediocre. 2. Person of mediocre qualities, 
talents, or merit. 

MEDITATE (med'i-tat), v. [pr.p. MED'ITATING; 
p.t. and p.p. MEDITATED.] I. vi. Think 
deeply; ponder. II. vt. Think on; plan. [L. 
meditatus, p.p. of meditor, meditate.] 

SYN. Contemplate; consider; revolve; 
muse; weigh; study; reflect; purpose; in- 
tend; cogitate; ruminate. ANT. Execute; 
enact; complete; consummate. 

MEDITATION (med-i-ta'shun), n. Act or state 
of meditating; deep thought. 

MEDITATIVE (med'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Given or 
disposed to meditation. 2. Expressing, indi- 
cating, or pertaining to, meditation. 

Mediterranean (med-i-ter-ra'ne-an), «. 

Great inland sea, between Europe and Africa. 
MEDIUM (me'di-um), I. n. [pi. MEDIUMS or 
ME'DIA.] 1. Middle place or degree. 2. 
Anything intervening. 3. Means or instru- 
ment. 4. Substance in which bodies exist, 
or through which they move. 5. Person 
through whom spirits are alleged to make 
their communications, n. a. Intermediate; 
medial; middle; mean. [L. See MEDIAL and 
MID.] 
MEDLAR (med'lar), n. Small European tree, 
with fruit like a small apple. [O. Fr. meslier 
— Gr. mespilon.] 
MEDLEY (med'li), n. 1. Mingled and confused 
mass. 2. Parts of different musical compo- 
sitions or songs run together; potpourri. [O. 
Fr. medler, mix.] 
MEDULLA (me-dul'a), n. [pi. MEDUL'LE.] 1. 
Marrow. 2. Pith. — M edulla oblongata, a con- 
tinuation of the spinal cord within the cra- 
nium. [L.] 
MEDULLARY (med'ul-a-ri or me-dul'a-ri), a. 
Consisting of, or resembling, marrow or pith. 
MEDUSA (me-du'sa), n. 1. Myth. One of the 
three Gorgons, whose head, cut off by Perseus 
and placed in the egis of Minerva, had the 
power of turning those who looked on it into 
stone. 2. [m-] [pi. MEDU'SJ).] Common 
kind of jelly-fish, probably so named from 
the likeness of its tentacles to the snakes on 
Medusa's head. 
MEED (med), n. Deserved reward; that which 
is bestowed for merit. [A. S. med; Ger. miethe, 
hire.] 
MEEK (mek), a. Submissive. [Ice. mjuJcr.] 
SYN. Patient; humble; gentle; mild; 
modest; yielding. ANT. Bold; proud; high- 
spirited. 
MEEKLY (mek'li), adv. In a meek manner. 
MEEKNESS (mek'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being meek. 
MEERSCHAUM (mer'sham), n. 1. Fine white 
clay used for making tobacco-pipes. 2. Pipe 
made of this material. [Ger. meer, the sea, 
and schaum, foam.] 
MEET (met), a. Fitting; qualified; adapted. 
[A. S. gemet, fit. See METE.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=k in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



MEET 



713 



MELODY 



MEET (met), v. [pr.p. MEETING; p.t. and p.p. 
MET (met).] I. vt. 1. Come face to face ; en- 
counter. 2. Find; receive, as a welcome. 3. 
Answer or satisfy. It. vi. 1. Come together; 
assemble. 2. Have an encounter. [A. S. 
metan; L. Ger. moeten. Cf. MOOT.] 

MEET (met), n. Meeting, as of huntsmen. 

MEETING (met'ing), n. 1. Interview. 2. As- 
sembly. 

MEETING-HOUSE (met'ing-hows), n. Building 
where people meet for public worship. 

MEETLY (met'li), adv. In a meet or proper 
manner; fitly. 

MEETNESS (met'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being meet; fitness. 

MEG-, MEGA-, prefix. 1. Before a unit of 
measure, means that it is taken a million 
times. 2. Great; large. [Gr. megas, large.] 

MEGAFARAD (meg-a-far'ad), n. A million of 
farads. [MEGA- and FARAD.] 

MEGAFOG (meg'a-fog), n. A signal-megaphone 
used by light-houses for conveying certain 
sound-signals to vessels during a fog. [MEGA- 
and FOG.] 

MEGALITH (meg'a-lith), n. Huge stone, such 
as is seen in the ancient so called cyclopean 
masonry. [MEGA-, and Gr. lithos, stone.] 

MEGALOSAURTJS (meg-a-lo-sa'rus), n. Extinct 
gigantic reptile, forty feet 
long. [L. L. — Gr. megas, 
megalon, large, and saw 
ros, lizard.] 

MEGAPHONE (meg'a-fon), 
n. 1. Instrument for per- 
ceiving ordinary sounds 
at great distances. 2. 
Large funnel-shaped speaking trumpet. 
[MEGA-, and Gr. phone, sound.] 

MEGATHERIUM (meg-a-the'ri-um), n. Ex- 
tinct gigan- 
tic sioth, ^ij^^^^^/f^^^^^yk^ 

thirteen feet 
long, exclu- 
sive of the 
five-foot tail. 
[Gr. megas, 
large, and 
t h e r i o n , 
beast.] 

MEGRLM(me'- 

grim), n. Periodical headache, usually af- 
fecting but one side of the head. [Fr. 
migraine, corrup. of Gr. hemikrania — Tiemi, 
half, and kranion, skull.] 

MELANCHOLIA (mel-an-ko'Ii-a), n. Pathol. 
Form of insanity, in which there is continued 
depression of mind ; melancholy. [Gr. melan, 
black, and choU, bile.] 

MELANCHOLIC (mel'an-kol-ik or mel-an-kol- 
ik), a. Affected with melancholy; dejected; 
mournful; dismal; sad. 

MELANCHOLY (mel'an-kol-i), I. n. Disease 
causing gloomy, groundless fears, and general 




Megaphone. 




Skeleton of Megatherium. 



depression of spirits; habitual dejection. II. 

a. Gloomy; producing grief. [Gr. melancholia.] 

MELANGE (ma-langzh'), n. Medley; mixture. 

MELBOURNE (mel'burn),n. Capital of Victoria, 
Australia. 

MELEAGER (me-le'a-jer), n. Greek Myth. Son 
of 03neus and Althae ; one of the Argonauts. 

MELEE (ma-la'), n. Fight in which the com- 
batants are mingled in one confused mass: 
hand-to-hand fight; scuffle. [Fr.] 

3IELINITE (ma'lin-it), n. High explosive, com- 
posed of picric acid, guncotton, and gum 
arabic. [Gr. melinos, pale gold-yellow color.] 

3IELIORATE (melyo-rat), vt. [pr.p. MELIO- 
RATING; p.t. and p.p. MELIORATED.] Make 
better; improve. [L. melior, better.] 

MELIORATION (me-lyo-ra'shun), n. Act of 
meliorating or state of being meliorated. 

MELLIFEROUS (mel-lif'er-us), a. Honey- 
producing. [L. mel, honey, and fero, produce.] 

3IELLIFLUENCE (mel-lif'16-ens), n. A flow 
of sweetness. 

MELLIFLUENT (mel-lif'16-ent), MELLIFLU- 
OUS (mel-lif'lo-us), a. Flowing with honey 
or sweetness; smooth. [L. mel, honey, and 
fiuens — fluo, flow.] 

MELLOPHONE (mero-fon), n. Wind instru- 
ment with which reg- 
ular alto parts may be 
played and a French- 
horn quality of tone 
readily produced. 
[MELLOW and 
-PHONE.] 

MELLOW (mel'6), a. 1. 
Soft and ripe; well 
matured. 2. Soft and 
rich; said of sounds. 
3. Soft to touch. [A. S. mearu; Ger. molllg.] 

MELLOW (mel 6), v. [pr.p. MELLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. MELLOWED (mel'dd).] I. vt. Soften 
or ripen by age; mature. II. vi. Become 
mellow; be matured. 

MELLOWNESS (mel'6-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being mellow. 

MELODEON (mel-6'de-un), n. Small reed organ. 

MELODIOUS (mel-6'di-us), a. Full of melody; 
harmonious. 

MELODIOUSLY (mel-6'di-us-li), adv. In a mel- 
odious manner. 

MELODIOUSNESS (mel-6'di-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being melodious. 

MELODIST (mel'o-dist), n. Composer or singer 
of melodies. 

MELODRAMA (mel-o-dra'ma or mel-o-dra'ma), 
n. Sensational, romantic drama, formerly 
largely intermixed with songs. [Gr. melos, 
song, and drama, drama.] 

MELODRAMATIC (mel-o-dra-mat'ik), a. Of 
the nature of the melodrama; overstrained; 
sensational. 

MELODY (mel'o-di), n. [pi. MELODIES (mel'o- 




Mellophone. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m6ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



I 



MELON 



714 



MENHADEN 




Melon-fly (Dacus curcur- 

bitce). 

[Enlarged. 1 






dlz).] 1. Air; tune; music. 2. Agreeable 
succession of a series of single musical sounds. 
IGr. melodia — melos, song, and ode, ode.] 

MELON (mel'un), n. 1. Fruit of an annual trail- 
ing plant (Cucumis melo); muskmelon. 2. 
Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris). [It. melonc 
— Gr. melon, apple.] 

MELON-FLY (mel-un'fli) n. Small dipterous yel- 
low fly found in the 
Hawaiian Islands, 
most destructive to 
melons, cucum- 
bers, squashes 
and all similar 
vine fruits and 
vegetables. 

Melpomene (mei- 

pom'e-ne), n. Greek 
Myth. Daughter of 
Zeus; muse of trag- 
edy. 

MELT (melt), v. [pr.p. MELTING; p.t. and p.p. 
MELTED.] I. vt. 1. Make liquid; dissolve. 
2. Soften. 3. Waste away. II. vi. Become 
liquid; dissolve. [A. S. meltan.] 

SYN. Liquefy; thaw; fuse; dissolve; re- 
lax; mollify; weaken. ANT. Consolidate; 
crystallize; indurate; congeal; freeze. 

MEMBER (mem'ber), n. 1. Limb or other 
functional part of an animal. 2. Clause. 3. 
One of a community. 4. Representative in a 
legislative body. [L. membrum.] 

MEMBERSHIP (mem'ber-ship), n. 1. State of 
being a member. 2. Members of a body, 
society, or association collectively. 

MEMBRANACEOUS (mem-bra-na'shus), a. 
Membranous. 

MEMBRANE (mem'bran), n. 1. Thin tissue 
which covers the members or parts of the 
body. 2. Film containing the seeds of a 
plant. [Fr. — L. membrana — membrum.] 

MEMBRANOUS (mem'bra-nus), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or consisting of membrane. 2. 
Bot. Thin and semi-transparent, like a fine 
membrane. 

MEMENTO (me-men'to), n. [pi. MEMEN'TOS.] 
Suggestion or notice to awaken memory; 
souvenir. [L., imperative of memini, re- 
member.] 

MeMNON (mem'non), n. 1. Son of Tithonus 
and Aurora; king of Ethiopia; nephew of 
Priam, whom he assisted during the Trojan 
war; killed by Achilles. 2. Colossal statue 
near Thebes, erected in his memory. 

MEMOIR (mem'war or me'mor), n. 1. Famil- 
iar narrative of anything as remembered by 
the writer. 2. Short biographical sketch. 3. 
Record of the researches on any subject. 4. 
Transactions of a society. [Fr. memoire — L. 
numoria, memory.] 

M I : M R A BILI A (mem-o-ra-bil'i-a), n. pi. Things 
worthy to be remembered or recorded; also 
the record itself. 



MEMORABLE (mein'o-ra-bl), a. Deserving to 
be remembered; remarkable. 

MEMORABLY (mem'o-ra-bli), adv. In a mem- 
orable way; in a way to be remembered. 

MEMORANDUM (mem-o-ran'dum), n. [pi. 
MEMORANDA or MEMORANDUMS.] Thing 
to be remembered; note to aid memory. 

MEMORIAL (me-mo'ri-al), I. a. Bringing 
to memory; commemorative. II. n. 1. That 
which serves to keep in remembrance; monu- 
ment. 2. Written statement with a petition, 
laid before a legislative or other body. 

MEMORIZE (mem'o-riz), vt. [pr.p. MEMORI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. MEMORIZED (mem'o- 
rizd).] Commit to memory. 

MEMORY (mem'o-ri), n. [pi. MEMORIES.] 1. 
Faculty of the mind by which it retains the 
knowledge of previous thoughts or events. 2. 
Thing remembered. [See MEMOIR.] 

SYN. Recollection; remembrance; rem- 
iniscence. ANT. Forgetf ulness ; oblivion. 

MEMPHIS (mem'fis), n. City, Tennessee, on 
Mississippi River. 

MEN (men), n. Plural of MAN. 

MENACE (men'as), n. A show of intention to 
do harm; a threatening; threat. [Fr. — L. 
minacice, threats — minm, the overhanging 
points of a wall.] 

MENACE (men'as), v. [pr.p. MEN'ACING; p.t. 
and p.p. MEN'ACED (men'ast).] I. vt. Threat- 
en. II. vi. Act in a threatening manner. 

MENAGE (ma-nazh'), n. 1. A household. 2. 
Household management. [Fr.] 

MENAGERIE (men-aj'e-ri), n. Collection of 
wild animals for exhibition. [Fr. menage, 
household.] 

MEND (mend), v. [pr.p. MEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MENDED.] I. vt. Remove a fault in. II. 
vi. Grow better. [Short for AMEND.] 

MEND (mend), n. Course or condition of mend- 
ing. 

MENDACIOUS (men-da'shus), a. Lying; false. 
[L. mendax — mentior, lie.] 

MENDACITY (men-das'i-ti), n. [pi. MENDACI- 
TIES (men-das'i-tiz).] Lying; falsehood. 

MENDICANCY (men'di-kan-si), n. Beggary. 

MENDICANT (men'di-kant), I. a. Practicing 
beggary. II. n. Beggar. [L. mendico, beg.] 

MENELAUS (men-e-la'us), n. Greek Myth. 
Brother of Agamemnon and king of Sparta; 
husband of Helen. 

MEN HAD E N 
(men-ha'dn), n. 
Small, large- 
headed fish, 
found on the 
Atlantic Coast 
of the U. S., 
valuable as fer- 
tilizer, for its oil and as a substitute for sar- 
dines; mossbunker; [Corrupted from an 
American Indian name, meaning "fertili- 
zer."] 




Gulf Menhaden (Brevoortia ty- 
rannus patronus). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. ' 



MENIAL 



715 



MERCY 



[pi. MENIS'CUSES 

1. Crescent. 2. 
Convex or con- 



MENIAL (me'ni-al), I. a. Servile; low. II. n. 
1. One performing servile work. 2. Person of 
servile disposition. [O. Fr. meisnee, household.] 

MENINGEAL (me-nin'je-al), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to the meninges. 

MENINGES (me-nin'jez), n. Plural of MENINX. 

MENINGITIS (men-in-ji'tis), n. Inflammation 
of the meninges. [See MENINX.] 

MENINX (me'ningks), n. [pi. MENINGES (me- 
nin'jez).] One of the three membranes, en- 
veloping the brain and the spinal cord: dura 
mater (outer); arachnoid (middle); and pia 
mater (inner). [Gr.] 

MENISCUS (me-nis'kus), n. 
or MENISCI (me-nis'i).] 
Crescent-shaped lens. 3. 
cave surface of a liquid in a narrow tube. 

MENSAL (men'sal), a. Monthly. [L. mensis, 
month.] 

MENSES (men'sez), n.pl. Menstrual flow; 
monthly courses. [L., pi. of mensis.] 

MENSTRUAL (men'stro-al), a. Recurring 
monthly. 

MENSURABILIT Y(meji-sho-ra-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being mensurable. 

MENSURABLE (men'sho-ra-bl), a. Measurable. 
[L. mensuro, measure.] 

MENSURAL (men'sho-ral), a. Pertaining to 
measure. 

MENSURATION (men-sho-ra'shun), n. 1. Act, 
process, or art of measuring. 2. Result of 
measuring. 3. Branch of applied geometry 
that gives the rules for finding the lengths of 
lines, the areas of surfaces, and the volumes 
of solids. 

-MENT, suffix. Forms, from verbs, nouns de- 
noting condition, result, action, or agency. 

MENTAL (men'tal), a. Of or pertaining to the 
chin. [L. mentum, chin.] 

MENTAL (men'tal), a. Of or pertaining to the 
mind; done or existing in the mind; intellect- 
ual. [L. mens, mentis, mind. 

MENTALITY (men-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. MENTALI- 
TIES.] Mental cast or habit; intellectuality. 

MENTALLY (men'tal-i), adv. 1. In the mind; 
intellectually. 2. Without speech or the 
aid of symbols. 

MENTHOL (men'thol), n. Camphor-like sub- 
stance extracted from oil of peppermint. [L. 
mentha, mint, and -oh] 

MENTION (men'shun), n. Brief notice; remark; 
hint. [L. mentio — root of MIND.] 

MENTION (men'shun), vt. [pr.p. MEN'TIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. MENTIONED (men'shund).] 
Notice briefly; name. 

MENTIONABLE (men'shun-a-bl), a. That may 
or can be mentioned; fit to be mentioned. 

MENTOR (men'tar), n. Greek Myth. Friend of 
Ulysses left in charge of his household and of 
his son Telemachus. 

MENTOR (men'tar), n. Wise and faithful coun- 
selor. [From Gr. Mentor, the friend of Ulysses.] 

MENTUM (men'tum), n. 1. The chin. 2. 



Central part of the labium in insects. 3. Hot. 
Projection in front of the flower in some 
orchids. [L. mentum, the chin.] 

MENU (me-nu'; commonly pron. men'u), n. 
List of things composing a repast; bill of fare. 
[Fr. — L. minutus, small, detailed.] 

MEPHISTOPHELES (mef-is-tof'e-lez), n. Name 
of the devil in Marlowe's Doctor Faustus and 
Goethe's Faust; evil genius; devil. 

MEPHISTOPHELIAN (mef-is-to-fe'li-an), a. 
Of the nature of Mephistopheles ; cynical; 
malicious; devilish. 

MEPHITIC (me-flt'ik), a. Offensive to the smell; 
noxious; pestilential. [L. Mephiticus.] 

MERCANTILE (mer'kan-til), a. Pertaining to 
merchants; commercial. [L. mercor, trade.] 

MERCENARY (mer'se-nar-i), I. a. 1. Hired 
for money. 2. Actuated by the hope of re- 
ward; greedy of gain. 3. Sold or done for 
money. II. n. [pi. MERCENARIES.] One 
hired; soldier hired into foreign service. [L. 
mercenarius — merces, hire.] 

MERCER (mer'ser), n. 1. Dealer in silks. 2. 
Dealer in notions. [Fr. mercier; from root of 
MERCHANT.] 

MERCERIZE (mer'ser-iz), vt. [pr.p. MERCER- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. MERCERIZED (mer'ser- 
izd).] Steep (cotton) in a soda or potash solu- 
tion, by which process it shrinks and when 
tension is applied takes on a silky finish. [From 
Mercer, the inventor, 1851.] 

MERCERIZED (mer'ser-izd), a. Having a lus- 
trous or silky finish, produced by the process 
of mercerizing; as, mercerized cotton. 

MERCHANDISE (mer'chan-diz), n. Goods of a 
merchant; wares. [Fr. marchandise.] 

MERCHANT (mer'chant), I. n. One who buys 
and sells goods; trader. II. a. Pertaining 
to trade or merchandise. [Fr. marchand — 
L. mercans — mercor, trade.] 

MERCHANTMAN (mer'chant-man), n. Tra- 
ding-ship. 

MERCIFUL (mer'si-fol), a. Compassionate; 
tender; humane. 

MERCIFULLY (mer'si-fol-i), adv. In a merci- 
ful manner. 

MERCILESS (mer'si-les), a. Unfeeling; hard- 
hearted; cruel. 

MERCILESSLY (mer'si-les-li), adv. In a merci- 
less manner. 

MERCURIAL (mer-ku'ri-al), a. 1. Having the 
qualities said to belong to the god Mercury; 
active; sprightly; fickle; changeable. 2. Con- 
taining, or consisting of, mercury. 

MERCURY (mer'ku-ri), n. 1. God of merchan- 
dise and eloquence, and the messenger of the 
gods. 2. Planet nearest the sun. 3. [m-] 
Quicksilver. [L. Mercurius — merx, merchan- 
dise.] 

MERCY(mer'si),n. [pi. MER'CIES.] 1. Forgiving 
disposition; clemency; leniency; tenderness. 
2. Act of mercy; favor. [Fr. merci, grace 
— L. merces, pay.] 



fate, fat, t^sk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MERE 



716 



MESMERIZE 



bird 




Hooded Merganser (Lopho- 
dites cucullatus). 



MERE (mer), n. Pool or lake. [A. S. mere; Ger. 

mecr, sea.] 
MERE (mer), a. Pure; alone; simple. [L. merus, 

unmixed (of wine).] 
MERE (mer), n. Roundary. [A. S. gemcera.] 
MERELY (mer'li), adv. Purely; only; solely; 

simply. 
MERETRICIOUS (mer-e-trish'us), a. 1. Wanton. 

2. Alluring by false show; gaudy and deceit- 
ful. [L. mereo, gain.] 

MERGANSER (mer-gan'ser), n. Diving 
of the subfamily Mergince, re- 
sembling the duck, but having 
a cylindrical instead of a de- 
pressed bill, hooked at the 
end. [L. mergus, diver.] 

MERGE (merj), v. [pr.p. 
MERGING; p.t. 
and p.p. MERGED 
(merjd).] I. vt. Dip; 
plunge. II. vi. Re 
swallowed up or ab- 
sorbed. [L. mergo, 
sink.] 

MERGER (mer'jer), n. 
Consolidation of two 

or more business concerns, corporations, es- 
states, etc. 

MERICARP (mer'i-karp), n. Bot. One carpel 
or part of the fruit of an umbelliferous plant. 
[Gr. meros, part, and karpos, fruit.] 

MERIDIAN (me-rid'i-an), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to mid-day; being on the meridian or at mid- 
day. 2. Raised to the highest point. II. n. 

1. Mid-day. 2. Highest point, as of success. 

3. Imaginary circle on the earth's surface 
passing through the poles and any given place. 

4. Imaginary circle passing through the poles 
of the heavens, and the zenith of the spectator, 
which the sun crosses at mid-day. [L. meri- 
dies (corrup. of medidies), mid-day — medius, 
middle, and dies, day.] 

MERIDIONAL (me-rid'i-o-nal), a. Pertaining 

to the meridian; southern; having a southern 

aspect. 
MERIDIONALLY (me-rid'i-o-nal-i), adv. In 

the direction of the meridian; in a line north 

and south. 
MERINGUE (me-rang'), n. 1. Pastry of whites 

of eggs and powdered sugar. 2. Tart, pie, etc., 

covered with such pastry. [Fr.] 
MKKIXO (me-re'no), I. n. 1. Variety of sheep 

having a very fine wool, originally from Spain. 

2. Fabric of merino wool. II. a. Relonging to 
the merino sheep or their wool. [Sp., inspect- 
or of sheep — L. major.] 

MERIT (merit), vt. [pr.p. MERITING; p.t. and 
p.p. MERITED.] Deserve as a reward or 
punishment; earn; incur. [Fr. meriter — L. 
mcrito, earn, freq. of mereo, deserve.] 

MERIT (mer'it), n. 1. That which deserves 
honor, reward or consideration; worth. 2. 
That which is earned; recompense. 




MERITORIOUS (mer-i-to'ri-us), a. Deserving 
of reward, honor, or praise.- 

MERITORIOUSLY (mer-i-to'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
meritorious manner. 

MERITORIOUSNESS (mer-i-to'ri-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being meritorious. 

MERMAID (mer'mad), n. Fabled marine crea- 
ture, having the upper part like a woman, and 
the lower like a fish. [A. S. mere, lake, sea, 
and mo3gd, maid.] 

MERMAN (mer'man), n. Male corresponding 
to the mermaid. 

MERRILY (mer'i-li), adv. In a merry manner. 

MERRIMENT (mer'i-ment), n. Gaiety with 
laughter and noise; mirth; hilarious enjoy- 
ment; jollity; frolic. 

31ERRY (mer'i), a. [comp. MER'RIER; superl. 
MER'RIEST.l 1. Mirthful; sportful. 2. Caus- 
ing laughter. [A. S. merige.] 

31ERRY- ANDREW (mer'i-an-dro), n. Buffoon; 
clown; jester. 

MERRY-GO-ROUND 
(mer'i-go-rownd), n. 
Circular frame 
mounted with wooden 
horses, seats, etc., 
made to revolve by 
machinery, for 
amusement. 

MERRY-THOUGHT 
(mer'i-that), w.Wish- 
bone. 

MESA (ma'sa), n Table- 
land, especially between canons. [Sp., table.] 

MESALLIANCE (ma-zal-yangs'), n. Misalliance; 
marriage with one inferior in social rank. [Fr.] 

MESDAMES (Fr. ma-dam'; E. mez'damz), n. 
Plural of MADAME. 

MESENTERIC (mes-en-terik), a. Of or per- 
taining to the mesentery. 

3IESENTERY (mes'en-ter-i), n. [pi. MES'EN- 
TERIES.] Membrane enveloping the intes- 
tines and fastening them to the dorsal wall 
of the abdomen. [Gr. mesos, middle, and en- 
teron, intestine.] 

MESH (mesh), n. Opening between the threads 
of a net; network. [A. S. max; Ger. masche.] 

MESH (mesh), v. [pr.p. MESH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MESHED (mesht).] I. vt. 1. Catch in a 
net. 2. Engage or interlock, as gear-teeth. 
II. vi. Become engaged, as gear-teeth. 

31ESIAL (me'zi-al), a. Middle. [Gr. mesos.] 

MESMERIC (mez-mer'ik), MESMERICAL (mez- 
mer'ik-al), a. Of or relating to mesmerism. 

31ESMERISM (mez'mer-izm), w. Art of mes- 
merizing; hypnotism. 

31ESMERIST (mez'mer-ist), n. One who prac- 
tices or believes in mesmerism. 

31ESMERIZE (mez'mer-iz), vt. [pr.p. MES'- 
MERIZING; p.t. and p.p. MESMERIZED 
(mez'mer-izd).] Induce an extraordinary state 
of the nervous system of, in which the oper- 
ator is supposed to control the actions of 



Merry-go-round. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



MESMERIZER 



717 



METAMORPHOSE 



the subject; hypnotize. [From Mesmer, a 
Vienna physician (1733-1815), who brought 
mesmerism into notice.] 

MESMERIZER (mez'mer-I-zer), n. One who 
mesmerizes; mesmerist. 

MESNE (men), a. Law. Intermediate; applied 
to a writ issued between the beginning and end 
of a suit. [Norm. Fr. mesne, middle.] 

MESOCARP (mes'o-karp), n. Bot. Fleshy, 
edible part (between the epicarp and endo- 
carp) of a fruit, as a plum. [Gr. mesos, middle, 
and karpos, fruit.] 

MESOTHORAX (mes-o-tho'raks), n. Middle part 
of an insect's thorax, bearing the second pair 
of legs and the first pair of wings. [Gr. mesos, 
middle, and thorax, chest.] 

MESOZOIC (mes-o-zo'ik), n. Geol. Secondary 
period, comprising the Trias, Jura and Cre- 
taceous. [Gr. mesos, middle, and zog, life.] 

MES QUIT (mes 'ket ormes-ket'),«. Leguminous 
tree or shrub of tropical America with nutri- 
tious pods. [Sp.] 

MESS (mes), n. Mixture disagreeable to the 
sight or taste; medley; disorder; confusion. 
[A form of MASH.] 

MESS (mes), v. [pr.p. MESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MESSED (mest).] I. vt. Make a mess of; 
bungle; muddle. II. vi. Engage in making 
a mess. 

MESS (mes), n. 1. Dish or quantity of food 
served up at one time. 2. Number of persons 
who eat together, especially in the army and 
navy. [O. Fr. mes — L. mitto.] 

MESS (mes), v. [pr.p. MESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MESSED (mest).] I. vt. Supply with a mess. 
II. vi. 1. Eat of a mess. 2. Eat at a com- 
mon table. 

MESSAGE (mes'aj), n. 1. Communication sent 
from one to another. 2. Official communi- 
cation sent through an official messenger, 
as a message from the President to Congress. 
[Fr. — L.L. missaticum — mitto, missus, send.] 

MESSENGER (mes'en-jer), n. Bearer of a mes- 
sage; forerunner; precursor. 

MESSIAH (mes-si'a), n. Anointed one; Christ. 
[Heb. mashiach — mashach, anoint.] 

MESSIANIC (mes-t-an'ik), a. Relating to the 
Messiah. 

MESSIEURS (mesh'yurz; Fr. mes-yu'), n.pl. 
Sirs; gentlemen; used in English as plural of 
Mr., and usually contracted to MESSRS. [Fr. 
plural of monsieur.] 

MESSINA (mes-se'na), n. Seaport, Sicily. 

MESSMATE (mes'mat), n. One who eats at the 
same table. 

MESSY (mes'i), a. Making a mess; untidy. 

MESTEE (mes-te'), n. Offspring of a white and 
a quadroon. [W. Indian.] 

MESTIZO (mes-te'zo), n. Offspring of mixed 
Spanish and American Indian parentage. [Sp. 
— O. Fr. mestis, mixed.] 

MET (met), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of MEET. 



META-, prefix. Denoting among; beyond; 
between; over; with; reversely; change; re- 
semblance. [Gr.] 

METABOLIC (met-a-bol'ik), a. Pertaining to 
or exhibiting metabolism. 

METABOLISM (met-ab'o-lizm), n. Biol. The 
process by which food is converted into blood 
and tissue (anabolism) and by which decompo- 
sition of living matter takes place (catabolism). 
[Gr. meta, beyond and hallo, throw.] 

METACARPAL (met-a-kar'pal), a. Pertaining 
to the part of the hand between the wrist and 
the fingers. [Gr. meta, beyond, and karpos, 
wrist.] 

METAL (met'al), n. 1. Solid, opaque body, 
such as gold, etc. 2. Character; nature. 3. 
Courage; temper. [Gr. metallon, mine, metal, 
prob. — metallao, search after.] 

METALLIC (met-al'ik), a. Pertaining to or like 
a metal; consisting of metal. [L. metallicus.] 

METALLIFEROUS (met-al-if'er-us), a. Pro- 
ducing or yielding metals. [L. metallifer — 
metallum, metal, and fero, bear.] 

METALIST (met'al-ist), n. Worker in metals; 
one skilled in metals. 

METALLOGRAPH (met-al'o-graf), n. Print 
produced by metallographic process. 

METALLOGRAPHIC (met-al-o-graf'ik), a. Re- 
lating to, or by the use of, metallography. 

METALLOGRAPHY (met-al-og'ra-fl), n. 1. 
Science of metals; treatise on metals. 2. 
Process of utilizing metal plates in a manner 
similar to lithographic stones. 3. Process of 
imitating the grain of wood on metals. 

METALLOID (met'al-oid), n. One of the thir- 
teen non-metallic elements, as oxygen, car- 
bon, phosphorous, etc. 

METALLOPHONE (met-al'o-fon), n. 1. Kind 
of piano, having graduated metal bars in 
place of strings. 2. Musical instrument, 
differing from the xylophone in having metal 
instead of wooden bars. 

METALLOTHERAPY (met'al-o-ther-a-pi), n. 
Treatment of disease by the external appli- 
cation of metals. [Gr. metallon, metal, and 
therapeia, medical treatment.] 

METALLURGIC (met-al-ur'jik), a. Pertaining 
to metallurgy. 

METALLURGIST (met'al-ur-jist), n. One skilled 
in metallurgy. 

METALLURGY (met'al-ur-ji), n. Art of sep- 
arating metals from their ores. [Gr. met- 
allon, metal, and ergon, work.] 

METAMERIC (met-a-mer'ik), a. Having the 
same chemical elements in the same pro- 
portions and with the same molecular weight, 
but with different properties. [Gr. meta, 
among, and meros, part.] 

METAMORPHIC (met-a-mar'fik), a. Applied 
to rocks, which, though of aqueous origin, 
have been greatly altered by heat. 

METAMORPHOSE (met-a-mar'foz), vt. [pr.p. 
METAMORPHOSING; p.t. and p.p. META- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, Ktx=ch in Scotch loch. 



METAMORPHOSIS 



718 



METOPE 



MORPHOSED (met-a-mar'fozd).] Change into 
another form; transform. [Gr. metamorphosis 
— meta, over, and morphe, form.] 
METAMORPHOSIS (met-a-mar'fo-sis), n. [pi. 
METAMORPHOSES.] Change of form or 
shape; transformation; change living heings 
undergo in the course of their development, 
as from caterpillar to butterfly. 
METAPHOR (met'a-fur), n. Putting of one 
thing for another which it only resembles, as 
when knowledge is called a lamp, or words 
are said to be bitter. [Fr. — Gr. meta, over, 
and phero, carry.] 
METAPHORIC (met-a-for'ik), METAPHOR- 
ICAL (met-a-for'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or 
containing metaphor; figurative. 
METAPHORICALLY (met-a-for'ik-al-i), adv. 

In a metaphorical manner. 
METAPHRASE (met'a-fraz), n. 1. Verbal 
translation. 2. Repartee. [Gr. metaphrasis.] 
METAPHYSICAL (met-a-fiz'ik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to metaphysics; abstract. 
METAPHYSICALLY (met-a-fiz'ik-al-i), adv. 

In a metaphysical manner. 
METAPHYSICIAN (met-a-fi-zish'an), n. One 

versed in metaphysics. 
METAPHYSICS (met-a-fiz'iks), n. 1. Science 
which investigates the first principles of na- 
ture and thought; ontology or the science of 
being. 2. Science of abstract reasoning. 
[So called from certain works of Aristotle 
which followed or were studied after his 
"physics." From Gr. meta, after, beyond, and 
physica, physics — physis, nature.] 
METARGON (met-ar'gon), n. Atmospheric ele- 
ment discovered in 1898. [META- and ARGON.] 
METATARSUS 
(met-a-tar'sus), n. 
Part of the foot 
formed by the five 
metatarsal bones, 
between the tarsus 
and the toes; instep. [META- and TARSUS.] 
METATHESIS (met-ath'e-sis), n. Transposition, 
especially of letters in a word, as E. bird from 
A. S. brld. [Gr.] 
METATHORAX (met-a-tho'raks), n. Part of 
the thorax between the mesothorax and the 
abdomen. [Gr.] 
METE (met), n. Measure; boundary; limit. [A. 

S. melon, measure.] 
METE (met), vt. [pr.p. METING; p.t. and p.p. 
METED.] 1. Measure (out) ; proportion. 2. 
Define exactly. 
METEMPSYCHOSIS (met-emp-si-ko'sis), n. 
Transmigration of the soul, after death, into 
another living body, human or animal. [Gr.] 
METEOR ( me'te-Qr), n. 1. Transient body from 
outer space, which, in passing through the 
earth's atmosphere, becomes incandescent 
and luminous; shooting-star. 2. Anything 
that transiently dazzles or strikes with won- 
der. [G*. meta, beyond, and aeiro, lift.] 




1ETATARSAL 

Metatarsus. 




Gas Meter. 
1. Measurement. 



METEORIC (me-te-or'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to 
a meteor or meteors. 2. Transiently or irreg- 
ularly brilliant. 
METEORITE (me'te-o-rit), n. Meteoric stone. 

[Gr. meteoron, meteor, and lithos, stone.] 
METEOROLOGIC (me-te-o-ro-loj'ik), METE- 
OROLOGICAL (me-te-o-ro-loj'ik-al), o. Of 
or pertaining to meteorology. 

METEOROLOGIST (me-te-o-rol'o-jist), n. One 
skilled in meteorology. 

METEOROLOGY (me-te-o-rol'o-ji), n. Science 
which treats of the atmosphere and its phe- 
nomena, especially of the weather. [Gr. 
meteoron, meteor, and logos, discourse.] 

METER (meter), n. One 
who or that which meas- 
ures; especially an appa- 
ratus for measuring the 
amount of gas consumed. 

METER, METRE (meter), 
n. 1. Poetical measure or 
arrangement of syllables ; 
rhythm; verse. 2. Meas- 
ure of length equal to 
39.37 inches. [Fr. — L. 
metrum — Gr. metron. See 
METE.] 

METERAGE (me'ter-aj), n. 
2. Charge for measuring. 

METHANE (meth'an), n. Marsh-gas. [METHYL 
and -ANE.] 

METHINKS (me-thingks'), v. impers. [p.t. 
METHOUGHT (me-that').] It seems to me; 
I think. [A. S. me thynceth; Ger. mich duenkt.] 

METHOD (meth'ud), n. 1. Systematic proced- 
ure. 2. Orderly arrangement or process. 
[Gr. meta, after, and hodos, way.] 

SYN. System; rule; order; process; reg- 
ularity; way; manner; mode. ANT. Dis- 
order; conjecture; empiricism; guesswork. 

METHODIC (meth-od'ik), METHODICAL 
(meth-od'ik-al), a. 1. Arranged with method. 
2. Systematic; orderly. 3. Acting on method; 
formal. 

METHODICALLY (meth-od'ik-al-i), adv. In 
a methodical manner. 

METHODISM (meth'ud-izm), n. Principles and 
practice of the Methodists. 

METHODIST (meth'ud-ist), n. I. One of a 
sect of Christians founded by John Wesley 
(1703-1791). 2. [m-] One who observes 
method. 

METHODIZE (meth'ud-iz), vt. [pr.p. METH- 
ODIZING; p.t. and p.p. METHODIZED (meth'- 
ud-izd).] Reduce to method; dispose in due 
order. 

METHOL (meth'ol or meth'61), n. Wood alcohol 
(poisonous). [Gr. methy, wine, and -OL.] 

METHOUGHT, v. Past tense of METHINKS. 

METHYL (meth'il), n. Chem. Organic radical 
of methylic alcohol or wood spirit. TGr. 
methy, wine, and hyU, wood.] 

METOPE (met'o-pe), n. Space between two 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move wolf- 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' ' 



mute, hut, burn, 



METRIC 



719 



MICROPHONE 



In a met- 



Device for 




Metronome. 



triglyphs of the Doric frieze. [Gr., from ntcta, 
between, and ope, hollow.] 

METRIC (met'rik), METRICAL (met'rik-al), a. 
Pertaining to poetical meter, or to the metric 
system of weights and measures, which is 
founded on the French metre; it divides or 
multiplies by ten, and is therefore a decimal 
system. 

METRICALLY (met'rik-al-i), adv. 
rical manner. 

METRONOME (met'ro-nom), n. 
marking exact time in music. 
[Gr. metron measure, and nomos, 
law.] 

METROPOLIS (me-trop'o-lis), n. 
Chief city of a country or state. 
[L. — Gr. meter, mother, and polls, 
city.] 

METROPOLITAN (met-ro-pol'i- 
tan), I. a. Belonging to a me- 
tropolis. II. n. 1. Originally 
bishop of a metropolis or chief 
city. 2. Bishop who presides over the 
other bishops of a province. 3. Citizen 
of a metropolis. [L. L. metropolitanus. See 
METROPOLIS.] 

METTLE (met'l), n. Ardor or keenness of tem- 
perament; spirit; sprightliness ; courage. [A 
metaphor from the METAL of a blade.] 

METTLED (met'ld), METTLESOME (met'l- 
sum), a. High-spirited; ardent. 

MeTZ (mets), n. Fortified city in Alsace- 
Lorraine, Germany. 

MEW (mu), n. Seagull. [A. S. mcew; Ger. 
moeve.] 

MEW (mu), vi. [pr.p. MEWING; p.t. and p.p. 
MEWED (mud).] Cry as a cat. [Imitative.] 

MEW (mu), n. Cry of a cat. 

MEW (mu), n. Cage for hawks. 

MEWL (mul), vi. [pr.p. MEWL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. MEWLED (muld).] Cry as a babe. 
[Imitative.] 

MEWS (muz), n. pi. Royal stables in London, 
so called from the fact that they were built 
where the king's hawks were kept; range of 
stables; stable. 

MEXICAN (meks'1-kan), I. 
n. Native or inhabitant of 
Mexico. II. a. Pertaining 
to Mexico or Mexicans. 

Mexico (meks'i-ko), n. 

Republic, N. America be- 
tween U. S. and Guate- 
mala, capital Mexico. Area 
767,005 sq.m. 

MEZZANINE (mez'a-nin), n. 

Arch. 1. Low story between ^ „ . „ 
two higher ones; half-story. ES^ggSSi^S 
2. Small window broader President. Born 
than it is high. [Fr.] 1830. 

MEZZOTINT (mez'o-tint), n. 1. Method of 
engraving on copper, by which a great va- 
riety of light and shade is obtained. 2. En- 




graving produced by such method. [It. mezzo, 
middle, and tinto, tint.] 

MI (me), n. Third note of musical scale. [It.] 

MIASMA (mi-az'ma), n. [pi. MIASMATA (mi- 
az'ma-ta).] Infectious matter floating in the 
air arising from putrefying bodies. [Gr. 
miaino, stain.] 

MICA (mi'ka), n. Glittering mineral which 
cleaves into thin transparent plates, some- 
times used as glass; isinglass. [L., crumb.] 

MICACEOUS (mi-kashus), a. Pertaining to, 
containing, or of the nature of, mica. 

MICE (mis), n. Plural of MOUSE. 

MlCHAELMAS (mik'el-mas), n. Church festi- 
val of the archangel Michael, on Sept. 29. 

MICHIGAN (mish'i-gan), n. One of the TJ. S. 
Capital Lansing. Area 97,990 sq. m. 

MICHIGAN, LAKE. One of the great Ameri- 
can lakes. Area 22,450 sq. m. 

MICKLE (mik'l), a. Much. [A. S. micel; O. H. 
Ger. michil. Root of MUCH.] 

MICRO-, prefix. 1. Usually denotes smallness. 
2. In physics, sometimes signifies one- 
millionth; as, microfarad, the millionth part 
of a farad. [Gr. mikros, small.] 

MICROBE (mi'krob), n. Microscopic organism, 
vegetable or animal; disease germ; bacterium. 
[Gr. mikros, small, and bios, life.] 

3IICROCOCCUS (mi-kro-kokus), n. [pi. MI- 
CROCOCCI (mi-kro-kok'si).] Biol. Spherical 
bacterium. [MICRO-, and Gr. kokkos, berry.] 

MICROCOSM (mikro-kozm), n. 1. A little 
world. 2. 3Ian regarded (by ancient philoso- 
phers) as a model or epitome of the universe. 
[Gr. mikrokosmos — mikros, small, and kos- 
mos, world.] 

MICROCOSMIC (mi-kro-kozmik), MICRO- 
COSMICAL (mi-kro-koz'mik-al), o. Pertain- 
ing to or of the nature of a microcosm. 

MICROFARAD (mi-kro-farad), n. Millionth 
part of a farad. [MICRO- and FARAD.] 

MICROGRAPH (mikro-graf), n. 1. A micro- 
scopic picture. 2. Appliance for making 
minute drawings. 

MICROGRAPHOPHONE (mi-kro-graf o-fon), n, 
A device for reproducing and intensifying 
faint sounds. 

MICROME- 
TER (mi- 
k r o m ' e - 
ter), n. 
Instrument 
used with a 
telescope 
or micro- 
scope for 
measuring 
very small dimensions. [MICRO- and METER.] 

MICROMOTOSCOPE (mi-kro-moto-skop), n. 
A machine for photographing minute moving 
objects. 

MICROPHONE (mi'kro-fon), n. Instrument 
which, by means of an electric current, ren- 




Micrometer for measuring the thick- 
ness of paper. 



fate ; fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MI CRO PHONO G R APH 



730 



MIGHT 



dors the faintest sounds distinctly audible. 
[MICRO-, and Gr. phone, sound.] 

M1CROPHONOGRAPH (mi-kro-fon'o-graf), n. 
A phonograph with an attachment for intensi- 
fying sound. 

MICROSCOPE (mi'kro-skop), n. Optical instru- 
ment for viewing small or minute objects. 
[MICRO- and -SCOPE.] 

MICROSCOPIC (mi-kro-skop'ik), 3IICRO- 
SCOPICAL (mi-kro-skop'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to a microscope. 2. Able to discern 
very small objects. 3. Visible only by the 
aid of a microscope. 

MICROSCOPICALLY (mi-kro-skop'ik-al-i), adv. 
1. By means of a microscope. 2. In very 
minute size or degree. 

MICROSCOPIST (mi'krd-skd-pist), n. One 
skilled in the use of the microscope. 

MICROSCOPY (mi'krd-skd-pi), n. Art or prac- 
tice of using a microscope. 

MICROSPORE (mi'kro-spor), n. 1. Bot. Small 
asexually-produced spore. 2. Biol. One of 
the numerous spore-like elements produced 
through the encystment and subdivision of 
many monads. [MICRO- and SPORE.] 

MICROTOME (mi'kro-tom), n. Instrument 
for cutting thin sections of objects for mi- 
croscopic examination. [MICRO-, small, and 
Gr. tome, a cutting — temno, cut.] 




Microtome. 

MICROVOLT (mi'kro-volt), n. One millionth 
of a volt. [MICRO- and VOLT.] 

MICROZYME (mi'kro-zim), n. Minute living 
organism, supposed to act like a ferment in 
producing certain epidemic and other zymotic 
diseases. [Gr. mikros, small, and zyme, yeast.] 

ROD (mid), I. a. Middle; situated between 
extremes. II. prep. Amid. [A.S.] 

MlDAS (mi das), n. Greek Myth. A king of 
Phiygla who had the power given him of 
turning whatever he touched into gold. 

MID-DAY (mid'da), n. Middle of the day; noon. 

MIDDLE (mid'l), I. a. 1. Equally distant from 
(he extremes. 2. Intermediate; intervening. 
II. n. Middle point or part. — Middle ages, 
period from the overthrow of the Roman 
Empire in the 5th century to the Revival of 



Learning at the end of the 15th century. — 
Middle term, that term of a syllogism with 
which the two extremes are separately com- 
pared. [A. S. middel.] 

MIDDLE-AGED (mid'1-ajd), a. From thirty- 
five to fifty-five years of age. 

MIDDLEMAN (mid'I-man), n. [pi. MID'DLE- 
MEN.] 1. Agent between two parties. 2. In 
Ireland one who rents land of proprietors in 
large tracts, and lets it in portions to the 
peasantry. 3. One who buys from producers 
and resells to wholesalers, or retailers. 

3IIDDLING (mid'ling), a. 1. Of middle rate, 
state, size, or quality. 2. About equally dis- 
tant from the extremes. 3. Moderate. 

MIDDLINGS (mid'lingz), n.pl. Coarser part of 
flour, used for feeding stock. 

MlDGARDSORM (midgard-sorm), n. Norse 
Myth. A monster serpent encircling the earth 
in its surrounding waters; slain by Thor, who 
was poisoned from its breath. 

MIDGE (mij), n. 1. Common name of several 
species of small dipterous insects, resembling 
gnats. 2. Minute black fly that stings. [A. 
S. mycge — Ger. muecke.] 

MIDGET (mij'et), n. Very small person; diminu- 
tive creature. [Dim. of A. S. mycge, gnat.] 

MIDLAND (mid'land), a. Distant from the 
coast; inland. 

MIDNIGHT (mid'nit), n. Middle of the night; 
twelve o'clock at night. 

MIDRIFF (mid'rif), n. Diaphragm. [A. S. 
mid, mid, and hrif, belly.] 

MIDSHIP (mid'ship), a. Belonging to the middle 
of a ship; as, a midship beam. 

MIDSHIPMAN (midship-man), n. [pi. MID'- 
SHIPMEN.] English naval cadet or officer 
whose rank is intermediate between the com- 
mon seamen and the superior officers. 

MIDST (midst), I. n. Middle. II. prep. In 
the middle of. 

MIDSUMMER (mid'sum-er), n. Middle of the 
summer. 

3IIDWAY (mid'wa), I. n. 1. Middle of the 
way or distance. 2. Middle road. 3. Part 
of a fair, set aside for amusements. II. adv. 
Half-way. 

MIDWIFE (mid'wif), n. [pi. MIDWIVES (mid'- 
wivz).] Woman who assists others in child- 
birth. [A. S. mid, together with, and wlf, 
woman.] 

MIDWINTER (mid'win-ter), n. Middle of win- 
ter. 

MIEN (men), n. Appearance, especially of the 
face; manner; bearing. [Fr. mine — mener, 
conduct.] 

MIFF (mif), vt. [pr.p. MIFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MD7FED (mift).] Displease; offend. (Colloq.) 

MIFF (mif), n. Slight degree of resentment; huff. 

MIGHT (mit), v. Past tense of MAY. 

MIGHT (mit), n. Power; ability. — Might and 
main, utmost strength. [A. S. meaht, miht — 
magan, have power.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh-ch in Scotch loch. ' 



MIGHTILY 



721 



MILKMAN 




Mignonette (Reseda). 
Emperor of Japan. 



MIGHTILY (mit'i-li), adv. 1. With great power, 
energy, vehemence, or effect. 2. To or in a 
great degree. 

MIGHTINESS (mit'i-nes), n. 1. Power; great- 
ness. 2. Title of dignity. 

MIGHTY (mit'i), a. Having great power; very 
great; exhibiting might; wonderful. 

MIGNONETTE (min-yun-et'), n. Annual plant, 
bearing sweet-scented flowers. [Fr., dim. of 
tnignon, darling.] 

MIGRATE (mi'grat), 
vi. [pr.p. MIGRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. 
MIGRATED.] Re- 
move from one 
country to another. 
[L. migro.] 

MIGRATION (ml-gra'- 
shun), n. Change of 
abode from one 
country or climate 
to another. 

MIGRATORY(mi'gra- 
to-ri), a. Wander- 
ing. 

MIKADO (mi-ka'do), n. 
[Jap., "Sublime Porte."] 

MlLAN (mi-lan' or mil'an), n. City in the plain 
of Lombardy, Italy. 

MILCH (milch), a. Giving milk. [Another 
form of MILK.] 

MILD (mild), a. Moderate in temper, character, 
actions or effect. [A. S.] 

SYN. Gentle; kind; soft; tender; lenient; 
genial. ANT. Violent; severe; harsh; mer- 
ciless. 

MILDEW (mil'du), w. Minute fungi on plants. 
[A. S. melededw — mele, honey, and dedw, dew.] 

MILDEW (mil'du), v. [pr.p. MILDEWING; 
p.t. and p.p. MILDEWED (mil'dud).] I. vt. 
Taint with mildew. II. vi. Become tainted 
with mildew. 

MILE (mil), n. A measure of length or distance 
in use in the United States and in almost all 
European countries. English-speaking coun- 
tries have four different miles — the ordinary 
mile of 5,280 feet and the geographical or 
nautical mile of 6,080 feet, making a differ- 
ence of about one-seventh between the two; 
the Scotch mile of 5,929 feet and the Irish 
mile of 6,720 feet. The Dutch have a mile of 
19,295 feet, the Danes one of 24,875 feet, the 
Prussians one of 24,856, feet; and the Swiss 
one of 27,459 feet. The Italian mile is only a 
few feet longer than ours, the Roman mile is 
shorter, and the Tuscan and the Turkish 
miles are 450 feet longer. The Swedish mile 
is 22,023 feet long, and the Vienna post mile 
is 25,037 feet in length. [A. S. mil; Fr. mille; 
both a contr. of L. mille passuum, a thousand 
paces.] 

MILEAGE (mil'aj), n. 1. Fees paid by the mile 
for travel or conveyance. 2. Length in miles. 



MILESTONE (mil'ston), n. Stone set to mark 
the distance of a mile. 

MILFOIL (mil'foil), n. Composite herb, yarrow, 
remarkable for the numerous divisions of its 
leaf. [L. mille, thousand, and folium, leaf.] 

MILIARY (mil'i-a-ri), a. Like millet-seeds; ac- 
companied by or having formations resembling 
millet-seeds ; as, miliary glands, miliary fever. 

MILITANT (mil'i-tant), a. Fighting; engaged 
in warfare. [L.] 

MILITARISM (mil'i-ta-rizm), n. 1. Excess of the 
military spirit. 2. System or policy of keep- 
ing up great armies and paying excessive 
attention to military affairs. 

MILITARY (mil'i-ta-ri), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
soldiers or warfare; warlike; becoming a 
soldier. 2. Engaged in the profession of 
arms. II. n. Soldiery; army. — Military 
mast, mast on a warship, mounted with an 
armored tower, turret, etc. [L. militaris — 
miles, soldier.] 




U. S. Military Academy at West Point, New York. 

MILITATE (mil'i-tat), vi. [pr.p. MILITATING; 
p.t. and. p.p. MILITATED.] 1. Fight; con- 
tend; stand opposed. 2. Weigh; have in- 
fluence. 

MILITIA (mi-lish'a), n. 1. Body of men en- 
rolled and drilled as soldiers, but liable only 
to home service. 2. In the U. S. whole body 
of men subject to be called into military serv- 
ice by the President. [L.] 

MILK (milk), n. 1. White fluid secreted by 
female mammals for the nourishment of their 
young. 2. Milk-like juice of certain plants. 
[A. S. meolc] 

MILK (milk), v. [pr.p. MILKING; p.*. and p.p. 
MILKED (milkt).] I. vt. 1. Squeeze or draw 
milk from. 2. Supply with milk. II. vi. 
Yield milk. 

MILKER (milk'er), n. 1. One who milks. 2. 
Machine for milking cows. 3. Cow that 
gives milk. 

MILKILY (milk'i-li), adv. Like milk. 

MILKINESS (milk'i-nes), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being milky. 2. Softness; gentleness. 



MILKING (milk'ing), n. 

yielded at one time. 
MILKMAID (milk'mad), w. 

cows; dairymaid. 
MILKMAN (milk'man), n. 



Amount of milk 



Woman who milks 



[pi. MILKMEN.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MILK-MOLAR 



722 



MIMIC 



Man who sells milk, especially from door to 
door; milk dealer. 

MILK-MOLAR (milk'mo-lar), n. One of the 
grinders or back teeth in young animals, 
early shed and replaced by another. 

MILKSOP (milksop), n. 1. Piece of bread 
soaked in milk. 2. Effeminate, silly fellow. 

MILK-TOOTH (milk'toth), n. [pi. MILK- 
TEETH.] 1. One of the first fore-teeth of a 
foal. 2. One of the first teeth of a child. 

MILKWEED (milk' wed), n. Any plant of the 
genus Asclepias, so called from its milky juice. 

MILKY (milk'i), a. Made of, full of, like, or 
yielding milk; soft; gentle. 

MlLKY WAY (milk-i-wa). Astron. Broad, 
luminous zone in the sky, composed of innu- 
merable stars; Galaxy. 

MILL (mil), n. One-thousandth part of a dollar. 
[L. mille, thousand.] 

MILL (mil), n. 1. Machine for grinding by 
crushing between two hard, rough surfaces. 
2. Place where grinding or manufacture of 
some kind is carried on. [A. S. miln — L. 
mola — molo, grind.] 

MILL (mil), vt. [pr.p. MILLING; p.t. and p.p. 
MILLED (mild).] 1. Grind. 2. Press or 
stamp in a mill. 3. Indent the edges of, as 
coin. 4. Clean, as cloth. 

MILL-DAM (mil'dam), n. Dam to hold water 
for driving a mill. 

MILLENNIAL (mil-len'i-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to a thousand years. 2. Pertaining to the 
millennium. 

MILLENNIUM (mil-len'i-um), n. Thousand 
years during which, as some believe, Christ 
will personally reign on the earth. [L. mille, 
thousand, and annus, year.] 
MILLEPED (mil'e-ped), n. Small worm with 
an immense number of legs; thousand-legs. 
[L. mille, thousand, and pes, foot. 



Milleped (Lysiopetalum lactarium). 

MILLER (mil'er), n. 1. One who runs, or works 
in, a mill. 2. Kind of moth. 

MlLLERITE (mil'er-it), n. One who held the 
doctrine preached in U. S. by William Miller 
in 1833 fixing the second advent of Christ in 
the then near future; member of one de- 
nomination of Adventists. 

MlLLERITE (mil'er-it), n. A mineral of 
metallic luster composed of nickel and sul- 
phur forming 
tufts of crystals 
or Incrusta- 
tions. Also 
called hair-pyrites. 

MILLER'S-THUMB Miller' s-thumb ( Coitus 
(mll'erz-thum), n. gobio). 

Small fresh-water fish ( Cottus gobio), with a 
large, broad, rounded head, "like a miller's 
thumb." 





MILLET (mil'et), n. Grass yielding grain used 

for food and fodder. [Fr. — L. 

milium — mille, a thousand, from 

the enormous number of its seeds.] 

MILLIARD (mil'yard), n. Thousand 

millions. [Fr. — L. mille, thousand.] 
MILLIER (mil-ya'), n. Thousand 

kilograms; metric ton. [Fr.] 
MILLIGRAM (mil'i-gram), 

n. One-thousandth of a 

metric gram. [Fr.] 
MILLILITER (mil'i-le-ter), 

n. One-thousandth of a 

liter. [Fr.] 
MILLIMETER (mil'i-me- 

t e r ) , n. One-thousandth 

of a meter. [Fr.] 
MILLINER (mil'i-ner), n. ^eari Jjuiiet. 

One who makes head-dresses for women. 
MILLINERY (mil'i-ner-i), n. 1. Articles made 

or sold by milliners. 2. Business of a milliner. 
MILLING (mil'ing), n. 1. Act of passing through 

a mill. 2. Act of fulling cloth. 3. Process 

of indenting coin. 4. Indentation on the edge. 
MILLION (mil'yun), n. Thousand thousands 

(1,000,000). [L.L. million 
MILLIONAIRE (mil-yun-ar'), 

Person who has a million 

money. [Fr.] 
MILLIONTH (mil'yunth), I. 

Ten hundred thousandth. 

n. One of a million parts. 
MILLO-MAIZE (mil'6-maz), 

Non-saccharine variety of sor- 
ghum, somewhat similar to 

Kaffir corn, cultivated chiefly 

for fodder. [MILLET and 

MAIZE.] 
MILL-POND (mil'pond), n. Pond 

formed by a mill-dam. 
MILL-RACE (mil'ras), n. 1. Current that turns 

a mill-wheel. 2. Canal in which it runs. 
MILLSTONE (mil'ston), n. One of the two 

stones used in a mill for grinding grain. 
MILL-WHEEL (mil'hwel), n. Water-wheel 

used for driving a mill. 
MILLWRIGHT (mil'rit), n. One who builds and 

repairs mills. 
MILT (milt), n. 1. Spermatic organ of the male 

fish. 2. Spleen. [A. S. milte.] 
MILWAUKEE (mil-wa'ke), n. City, Wisconsin. 
MIME (mim), n. 1. Farce ridiculing real per- 
sons. 2. Actor in such a farce. [Gr. mimos.] 
MIMEOGRAPH (mim'e-o-graf), n. Instrument 

for producing copies of written pages with a 

stencil. 
MIMIC (mim'ik), MIMICAL (mim'ik-al), a. Apt 

to copy; consisting of ludicrous imitation. [L. 

mimicus, farcical — Gr. mimikos, pertaining to 

mimes.] 
MIMIC (mim'ik), vt. [pr.p. MIM'ICKING; p.t. 

and p.p. MIMICKED (mim'ikt).] 1. Imi- 
tate. 2. Simulate. 




Head of Millo- 
maize. 



file, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch ' 



MIMIC 



723 



MINIE-BALL 



Mo- 




MIMIC (mim'ik), ft,. One who mimics or imi- 
tates; buffoon; servile imitator. 

MIMICRY (mim'ik-ri), n. [pi. MIMICRIES.] 
Act or practice of one who mimics. 

JMIMOSA (mi-mo'za), n. Genus of leguminous 
plants including the sensitive plant. [Gr. 
mimos, imitator.] 

MINARET (min'a-ret), n. Turret on 
hammedan mosque, from which 
the people are summoned to pray- 
ers. [Turk, minare — Ar. manara, 
lighthouse — ndr, fire.] 

MINATORY (min'a-to-ri), a. Threat- 
ening; menacing. [L. minor, threat- 
en.] 

MINCE (mins), v. [pr.p. MIN'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. MINCED (minst).] 

1. vt. 1. Cut into small pieces; chop 
fine. 2. Diminish or suppress, as 
a part in speaking; pronounce af- 
fectedly. II. vi. 1. Walk with 
affected nicety. 2. Speak affect- 
edly. [Fr. mincer.] 

MINCE (mins), n. Same as MINCE- , 

MEAT. Minaret. 

MINCE-MEAT (mins'met), n. Mixture of suet, 
chopped meat, etc., for making pies. 

MINCING (min'sing), a. 1. Speaking or walk- 
ing with affected nicety. 2, Glossing over. 

MLNCINGLY (min'sing-li), adv. In a mincing 
manner. 

MIND (mind), n. 1. Faculty which feels, wills, 
and thinks. 2. Whole spiritual nature. 3. 
Choice; belief ; thoughts. 4. Disposition. [A. S. 
ge-mynd — munan, think.] 

SYN. Intellect; understanding; intelli- 
gence; reason; brain. ANT. Body; organ- 
ization. 

MIND (mind), v. [pr.p. MIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MINDED.] I. vt. 1. Attend to. 2. Obey. 
II. vi. 1. Pay attention. 2. Obey. 

MIND-CURE (mlnd'kur), n. Psychotherapy. 

MINDED (min'ded), a. 1. Disposed; inclined. 

2. Having a disposition or mind; used only in 
composition; as, evil-minded. 

MINDEDNESS (mlnd'ed-nes), n. Inclination to- 
ward anything; used only in composition. 

MINDER (mind'er), n. One who minds, tends, 
or looks after something. 

MINDFUL (mind'fol), a. 1. Observant; heedful. 
2, Bearing in mind. 

MINDFULLY (mind'fol-i), adv. In a mindful 
manner. 

MINDFULNESS (mind'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being mindful. 

MIND-READING (mlnd'red-ing), n. Art of 
discerning another's thoughts occultly. 

MINE (min), pron. Belonging to me; my own. 
[A. S. min.] 

MINE (min), v. [pr.p. MI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
MINED (mind).] I. vt. 1. Get out of the earth 
by digging, as to mine coal. 2. Undermine; 
sap. 3. Dig mines under. II. vi, 1. Dig a 




mine. 2. Work in a mine. 3. Form a lodg- 
ment by burrowing. [Fr. miner — L.L. mino, 
open a mine.] 

MINE (min), n. 1. Place from which metals, 
etc., are dug. 2. Exca- 
vation dug under a for- 
tification to blow it up 
with an explosive. 3. 
Buried or submerged tor- 
pedo. 4. Rich source of 
wealth. 

MINER (mi'ner), n. One 
who mines. 

MINERAL (min'er-al), I. n. 

1. Inorganic substance 
found in the earth or at 
its surface. 2. Any sub- 
stance, neither animal Submarine Mine. 
or vegetable. II. a. 1. Relating to minerals. 

2. Impregnated with minerals, as water. 
[L.L. minerale — minera, mine.] 

MINERALIST (min'er-al-ist), n. One versed in 
or employed about minerals. 

MINERALIZATION (min-er-al-i-za'shun), n. 
Act or process of mineralizing. 

MINERALIZE (min'er-al-iz), v. [pr.p. MIN'ER- 
ALIZING; p.t. and p.p. MINERALIZED (min'- 
er-al-izd).] I. vt. 1. Make into a mineral. 
2. Give the properties of a mineral to. 3. 
Impregnate with mineral matter. II. vi. 
Collect minerals. 

MINERALOGICAL (min-er-al-oj'ik-al), a. Per- 
taining to mineralogy. 

MINERALOGIST (min-er-al'o-jist), n. One 
versed in mineralogy. 

MINERALOGY (min-er-al'o-ji), n. Science of 
minerals. 

MINER'S-COMPASS (mi'nerz-kum-pas), n. 
Compass especially designed 
for use in mines, being so en- 
cased as to be proof against 
local magnetic influences. 

MINERVA (mi-ner'va), n. 
Bom. Myth. The goddess of 
wisdom, war and the liberal 
arts, said to have sprung fully Mine rl^mpass. 
armed, from the head of Jupi- 
ter. Identified with Athena or Pallas. 

MINGLE (ming'gl), v. [pr.p. MIN'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. MINGLED (ming'gld).] I. vt. 1. 
Mix; combine; compound; blend. 2. Bring 
into association. II. vi. Become mixed or 
closely blended. [A. S. mengan, mix.] 

MINIATURE (min'i-a-tur), I. n. 1. Painting on 
a small scale. 2. Small or reduced copy. II. 
a. On a small scale; minute. [L. miniare, 
paint in minium, red oxide of lead.] 

MINIE-BALL (min'i-bal; Fr. pron. min-i-a- 
bal), n. Rifle bullet having in its base a 
cavity lined with a metal cup such that when 
the rifle is fired the cup is pressed into the 
bullet, forcing the lead into the grooves of the 
rifle. [After French inventor, Capt. C. E. Minie.] 




fat©, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch aude; oil, owl, then. kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



MI MI 31 



724 



MINUTE 



MINIM (minim), n. 1. Med. Smallest liquid 
measure, a drop, 1-60 dram. 2. Music. Note 
equal to two crotchets. [Fr. minime — L. 
mittimus, least.] 

MINIMIZE (min'i-miz), vt. [pr.p. MINIMI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. MINIMIZED (min'i-mizd).] 
Reduce to the smallest possible proportion. 
(From MINIM.] 

MINIMUM (mini-mum), n. [pi. MINIMA.] 
Least quantity or degree possible; trifle. [L.] 

BONING (mi'ning), n. Art of forming or working 
mines. 

MINION (min'yun), w. 1. Servile favorite, 
especially of a prince. 2. Print. Size of type 
between nonpareil and brevier (7-point). 
[Fr. mignon, darling.] 
{^"This line is set in Minion. 

MINISTER (min'is-ter), n. 1. Servant or agent. 

2. Clergyman. 3. One intrusted with the 
management of state affairs. 4. Represen- 
tative of a government at a foreign court. 
[L., servant.] 

SYN. Priest; clergyman; ambassador; 
delegate. ANT. Monarch; government; mas- 
ter; principal; head. 
MINISTER (min'is-ter), v. [pr.p. MIN'ISTER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MINISTERED (min'is- 
terd).] I. vt. 1. Supply; afford; furnish. 2. 
Perform; execute; render. II. vi. 1. Be a 
minister or attendant. 2. Contribute; add. 

3. Serve officially. 

MINISTERIAL (min-is-te'ri-al), a. Pertaining to 
attendance; acting under superior authority; 
pertaining to the office of a minister; clerical; 
executive. 

MINISTERIALLY (min-is-te'ri-al-i), adv. In a 
ministerial manner. 

MINISTRATION (min-is-tra'shun), n. Act of 
ministering or performing service ; office or ser- 
vice of a minister. [L. ministratio — ministro.] 

MINISTRATIVE (min'is-tra-tiv), a. Serving to 
aid or assist. 

MINISTRY (min'is-tri), n. [pi. MINISTRIES.] 
1. Act of ministering. 2. Service, office or 
duties of a minister. 3. Clergy. 4. Body of 
persons employed to administer the govern- 
ment; cabinet; admin- 
istration. 

MINIVER (min'i-ver), n. 
1. Ermine or its fur. 2. 
Siberian squirrel or Its 
fur. [O. Fr. menu, small, 
and vair, kind of fur.] 

MINK (mingk), n. Small 
carnivorous quadruped 
of the weasel kind, val- 
ued for its dark fur. [Sw. 
mank.] 

Minneapolis (min-e- 

ap'o-lls), n. City in 
Minnesota, on Mississippi River. 
MINNESINGER (min'e-sing-er), n. German 
troubadour (1138-1347). 




Mink (Putorius vison). 




Minnow. 



MINNESOTA (min-e-so'ta), n. One of the u. s. 

Area 86,335 sq.m. Capital, St. Paul. 
MINNOW (min'6), n. Very small fresh-water 

fish. [A. S. mync, 

small.] 
MINOR (mi'nur), I. a. 

I. Less; inferior in 
importance, degree, 
bulk, etc.; inconsider- 
able; lower. 2. Music. 
Lower by a semitone; opposed to MAJOR. 

II. n. 1. Person under ag« (21 years). 2. 
Logic. Term of a syllogism which forms the 
subject of the conclusion. 3. Music. Minor 
key, tonality, or chord. [L., root min, small.] 

MINORITY (mi-nor'i-ti), n. 1. The state of be- 
ing under age. 2. Smaller number; opposed 
to MAJORITY. 

MlNOS (mi'nos), n. Greek Myth. 1. Son of 
Zeus and Europa, and king of Crete; a great 
lawgiver, and after death a judge in the nether 
world. 2. Son of 31inos I, who annually sac- 
rificed seven boys and seven virgins to the 
Minotaur. 

MlNOTAUR (min'6-tar), n. Fabled monster 
with a human body and the head of a bull, 
confined in the Cretan labyrinth. 

MINSTER (min'ster), n. 1. Church of a monas- 
tery. -2. Cathedral. [A. S. mynster — L.L. 
monaster ium.~\ 

MINSTREL (min'strel), n. 1. Singer; harper; 
poet; troubadour. 2. Member of a troupe of 
delineators of negro life on the old plantations 
of the southern States, U. S. A. 

MINSTRELSY (min'strel-si), n. 1. Art or oc- 
cupation of a minstrel. 2. The minstrels. 3. 
Collection of minstrel songs. [See MINISTER.] 

MINT (mint), n. 1. Place where money is coined 
by authority. 2. Place where anything is in- 
vented or fabricated. 3. Source of abundant 
supply. [A. S. mynet, money — L. Moneta (the 
"warning" one), a surname of Juno, in whose 
temple at Rome money was coined — moneo, 
warn.] 

MINT (mint), vt. [pr.p. MINTING; p.t. and p.p. 
MINT'ED.] 1. Make and stamp as money; 
coin. 2. Fabricate; invent; forge. 

MINT (mint), n. Aromatic plant producing a 
highly odoriferous oil. [A. S. tninte — L. 
mentha — Gr. mintha.] 

3IINTAGE (mint'aj), n. 1. That which is minted 
or coined. 2. Charge made for coining. 

3IINUEND (min'u-end), n. Number to be les- 
sened by subtraction. [L. minuendum — min- 
uo, lessen.] 

31INUET (min'u-et), n. 1. Slow graceful dance 
with short steps. 2. Tune regulating such a 
dance. [Fr. menu, small — root of MINOR.] 

31INUS (mi'nus), a. Less; represented by the 
sign ( — ) before quantities to be subtracted. [L.] 

31INUTE (min 'it), n. 1. Sixtieth part of an hour 
or degree. 2. 31oment. 3. Brief note. 4. 
[pi.] Brief report of proceedings of a meeting. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



MINUTE 



725 



MISCEGENATION 



[Etym. 



Geol. Middle division 
[Gr. melon, less, and 

Supernatural event 



MINUTE (min'it), vt. [pr.p. MIN'UTING; p.t. 
and p.p. MIN'UTED.] Make a brief note of. 

MINUTE (mi-nuf), a. 1. Very small. 2, At- 
tentive to small things. [L. minutus, p.p. 
of minuo, lessen.] 

SYN. Diminutive; tiny; fine; exact; de- 
tailed; circumstantial; critical; particular; 
precise. ANT. Monstrous; enormous; huge; 
comprehensive. 

MINUTE-GUN (min'it-gun), n. Gun discharged 
every minute, as a signal of distress or mourn- 
ing. 

MINUTE-HAND (min 'it-hand), n. Hand that 
points to the minutes on a clock or watch. 

MINUTEL Y(mi-nut'li), adv. In a minute manner. 

MINUTENESS (mi-nut'nes), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being minute. 2. Close attention to 
minuteness or details. 

MINUTIAE (mi-nu'shi-e), n.pl. Small particu- 
lars or details. [L.] 

MINX (mingks), n. Pert young girl, 
doubtful.] 

Miocene (mi'o-sen), n. 

of the Tertiary strata. 
kainos, recent.] 

MIRACLE (mir'a-kl), n. 

or act. [L. miraculum, from miror, wonder.] 

MIRACLE-PLAY (mir'a-kl-pla), w. Dramatic 
performance based on events in the life of 
Christ. 

MIRACULOUS (mi-rak'u-lus), a. 1. Of the na- 
ture of a miracle ; done by supernatural power. 
2. Very wonderful. 3. Able to perform mir- 
acles. 

MIRACULOUSLY (mi-rak'u-lus-li), adv. In a 
miraculous manner. 

MIRAGE (me-razh'), n. Optical illusion produ- 
cing displaced or inverted images of objects, 
due to mirroring by the surfaces of air-strata 
of different temperatures. [See MIRROR.] 

MIRE (mir), n. Moist, clayey soil; deep mud. 
[Ice. myrr, bog.] 

MIRE (mir), vt. [pr.p. MIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MIRED (mird).] Plunge and fix in mire; soil 
with mud. II. vi. Sink in mud. 

MIRROR (mir'iir), n. 1. Looking-glass; polished 
substance in which objects may be seen 
reflected. 2. Pattern. [Fr. miroir — L. miror, 
look at.] 

MIRROR (mir'iir), vt. [pr.p. MIR'RORING; p.t. 
and p.p. MIRRORED (mir'urd).] Reflect an 
image of, as a mirror. 

MIRTH (merth), n. Noisy gaiety; laughter. [A. 
S. myrth. See MERRY.] 

MIRTHFUL (merth'fQl), a. 1. Full of mirth; 
merry. 2. Exciting or causing mirth. 

MIRTHFULNESS (merth'fpl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being mirthful. 

MIRY (mir'i), a. Consisting of, or abounding in, 
mire; covered with mire. 

MIRZA (mer'za), n. Honorary title in Persia. 
After the name it designates *'royal prince," 
before, "professor." 



MIS-, prefix. It is either A. S. from root of verb 
MISS, or it stands for Fr. mes-, L. minus, less. 
In both cases it signifies wrong or ill. 

MISADVENTURE (mis-ad-ven'tur), n. Unfor- 
tunate adventure; ill-luck. 

SYN. Accident; mishap; mischance; 
disaster; calamity. ANT. Success; achiev- 
ment. 

MISALLIANCE (mis-al-li'ans), n. Improper 
alliance; mesalliance. 

MISANTHROPE (mis'an-throp), MISANTHRO- 
PIST (mis-an'thro-pist), n. Hater of man- 
kind. [Gr. misanthropos, hating mankind — 
miseo, hate, and anthropos, man.] 

MISANTHROPIC (mis-an-throp'ik), o. Hating 
mankind. 

MISANTHROPY (mis-an 'thro-pi), n. Hatred 
or dislike of mankind. [Gr. misanfhropia — 
misanthr&pos. See MISANTHROPE.] 

MISAPPLICATION (mis-ap-li-ka'shun), n. 
Wrong application. 

MISAPPLY (mis-ap-pli'), vt. [pr.p. MISAPPLY'- 
ING; p.U and p.p. MISAPPLIED (mis-ap- 
plid').] Apply amiss or wrongly. 

MISAPPREHEND (mis-ap-re-hend'), vt. [pr.p. 
MISAPPREHENDING; p.t. and p.p. MISAP- 
PREHEND'ED.] Misunderstand. 

MISAPPREHENSION (mis-ap-re-hen'shun), «. 
Wrong apprehension of one's meaning; mis- 
conception. 

MISAPPROPRIATE (mis-ap-pro'pri-at), vt. 
[pr.p. MISAPPROPRIATING; p.t. and p.p. 
MISAPPROPRIATED.] Appropriate wrong- 
fully. 

MISBEHAVE (mis-be-hav'), vi. [pr.p. MISBE- 
HA'VING; p.t. and p.p. MISBEHAVED (mis- 
be-havd').] Behave improperly. 

MISBEHAVIOR (mis-be-ha'vyiir), w. Miscon- 
duct. 

MISBELIEF (mis-be-lef) n. False or erroneous 
belief. 

MISBELIEVE (mis-be-lev'), vt. [pr.p. MISBE- 
LIEVING; p.t. and p.p. MISBELIEVED (mis- 
be-levd').] Believe wrongly. 

MISCALCULATE (mis-kal'ku-lat), vt. {pr.p. 
MISCALCULATING; p.t. and p.p. MISCAL'- 
CULATED.] Calculate wrongly. 

MISCALCULATION (mis-kal-ku-la'shun), n. 
An erroneous calculation. 

MISCALL (mis-kal'), vt. [pr.p. MISCALL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISCALLED (mis-kald').] Call 
by a wrong or bad name. 

MISCARRIAGE (mis-kar'ij), n. 1. Failure. 2. 
Ill-conduct. 3. Premature birth. 

MISCARRY (mis-kar'i), vi. [pr.p. MISCAR'RY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MISCARRIED (mis-kar'id).] 
1. Carry badly. 2. Be unsuccessful. 3. Fail 
of the intended effect. 4. Bring forth pre- 
maturely. 

MISCEGENATION (mis-se-je-na'shun), n. A 
mingling or mixture of races, especially of the 
black and white. [L. misceo, mix, and genus, 
race.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



MISCELLANEOUS 



726 



MISINFORMER 



.MISCELLANEOUS (mis-el-la'ne-us), a. Mixed; 
consisting of several kinds, [L. miscellan- 
nis — miscellus, mixed — misceo, mix.] 

.MISCELLANEOUSLY (niis-el-la'ne-us-li), adv. 
In a miscellaneous manner. 

MISCELLANY (mis'el-a-ni), n. [pi. MISCEL- 
LANIES.] 1. Mixture of various kinds. 2. 
Collection of writings on different subjects. 

.MISCHANCE (mis-chans), n. Ill-luck; mishap; 
misfortune. 

MISCHIEF (mis'chif), n. 1. Evil; disturbance; 
damage. 2. Disposition to cause trouble. 
[O. Fr. meschef — mes, ill, and chef — L. caput, 
head.] 

SYN. Trouble; vexation; disorder; harm; 
injury; detriment; ill. ANT. Compensa- 
tion; benefit; favor. 

MISCHIEVOUS (mis'chi-vus), a. 1. Injurious. 
2. Prone to mischief. 

MISCHIEVOUSLY (mis'chi-vus-li), adv. In a 
mischievous manner. 

MISCHIEVOUSNESS (mis'chi-vus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being mischievous. 

MISCONCEIVE (mis-kon-sev'), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
CONCEIVING; p.t. and p.p. MISCONCEIVED 
(mis-kon-sevd').] Conceive wrongly; mistake. 

MISCONCEPTION (mis-kon-sep'shun), n. Mis- 
apprehension. 

MISCONDUCT (mis-kon'dukt), n. Bad conduct. 

MISCONDUCT (mis-kon-dukf), vt. [pr.p. 
MISCONDUCTING; p.t. and p.p. MISCON- 
DUCT'ED.] Conduct badly. 

MISCONSTRUCTION (mis-kon-struk'shun), n. 
Misapprehension. 

MISCONSTRUE (mis-kon'stro), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
CONSTRUING; p.t. and p.p. MISCONSTRUED 
(mis-kon'strod).] Construe or interpret incor- 
rectly. 

MISCOUNT (mis-kownf), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
COUNTING; p.t. and p.p. MISCOUNTED.] 
Count wrongly. 

MISCOUNT (mis-kownf), n. A mistake in 
counting or reckoning. 

MISCREANT (mis'kre-ant), n. Unscrupulous 
villain. [O. Fr. mescreant, unbelieving.] 

MISCUE (mis-ku'), n. Billiards. Unintended 
slip of the cue from the ball. 

MISDATE (mis-dat'), n. Wrong date. 

MISDATE (mis-dat), vt. [pr.p. MISDA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISDA'TED.] Date erroneously. 

MISDEAL (mis-del'), v. [pr.p. MISDEALING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISDEALT (mis-delt').] I. vt. 
Deal wrongly; distribute improperly. II. 
j •»'. Make a wrong distribution. 

MISDEAL (mis-del'), n. Wrong distribution. 

MISDEED (mis-ded'), n. Bad deed; crime. 

MISDEMEANOR (mis-de-mcn'ur), n. Bad con- 
duct; petty crime. 

MISDIRECT (mis-dl-rckt'), vt. [pr.p. MISDI- 
RECTING; p.t. and p.p. MISDIRECTED.] 
Direct wrongly. 

MISDIRECTION (mis-dl-rck'shun), n. Wrong 
or false direction. 



MISDO (mis-do'), v. [pr.p. MISDOING; p.t. 
MISDID (mis-did); p.p. MISDONE (mis- 
dun').] I. vt. Do wrongly. II. vi. Commit a 
crime or fault. 

MISEMPLOY (mis-em-ploi'), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
EMPLOYING; p.t. and p.p. MISEMPLOYED 
(mis-em-ploid').] Employ amiss; misuse. 

MISER (mi'zer), n. Extremely covetous person; 
niggard. [L., miserable.] 

MISERABLE (miz'er-a-bl), a. 1. Wretched or 
exceedingly unhappy. 2. Causing misery. 3. 
Worthless; despicable. [L. miserabilis — miser.] 

SYN. Pitiable; abject; mean. ANT. Re- 
spectable; worthy; contented; comfortable; 
happy. 

MISERABLENESS (miz'er-a-bl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being miserable. 

MISERABLY (miz'er-a-bli), adv. 1. In a mis- 
erable manner. 2. Wretchedly. 

MISERLY (mi'zer-li), a. Excessively covetous; 
sordid; niggardly. 

MISERY (miz'er-i), n. Wretchedness; great un- 
happiness. [L. miseria.] 

MISFEASANCE (mis-fe'zans), n. Misuse of 
official power; a lawful act done in an unlaw- 
ful manner. 

MISFIRE (mis-fir), vi. [pr.p. MISFIRING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISFIRED (mis-fird').] Fail 
to "go off" or fire; said of a firearm. 

MISFIRE (mis-fir'), «. Act of misfiring. 

MISFIT (mis-fit), I. a. That fails to fit. II. n. 
1. A bad fit. 2. Something that fits badly. 

MISFORTUNE (mis-far tun), n. Ill-fortune; 
evil accident; calamity. 

MISGIVE (mis-giv), v. [pr.p. MISGIVING; 
p.t. MISGAVE (mis-gav'); p.p. MISGIVEN.] 
I. vt. 1. Give amiss. 2. Make apprehensive. 
II vi. 1. Hesitate. 2. Miscarry; break down. 

MISGIVING (mis-giv'ing), n. Failing of confi- 
dence; mistrust. 

MISGOTTEN (mis-got'n), a. Unjustly obtained. 

MISGOVERN (mis-guv'ern), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
GOVERNING; p.t. and p.p. MISGOVERNED 
(mis-guv'ernd).] Govern ill. 

MISGUIDANCE (mis-gid'ans), n. Wrong or 
false guidance. 

MISGUIDE (mis-gid'), vt. [pr.p. MISGUIDING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISGUID'ED.] Guide wrongly; 
lead into error. 

MISHAP (mis-hap'), n. Ill-luck; misfortune. 

MISIMPROVE (mis-im-prov), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
IMPROVING; p.t. and p.p. MISIMPROVED 
(mis-im-provd').] Apply to a bad purpose; 
misuse. 

MISIMPROVEMENT (mis-im-prov'ment), n. 
Misuse; misapplication. 

MISINFORM (mis-in-farm'), vt. [pr.p. MISIN- 
FORMING; p.t. and p.p. MISINFORMED 
(mis-in-farmd').] Inform incorrectly. 

MISINFORMATION (mis-in-far-ma'shun), n. 
Wrong or incorrect information. 

MISINFORMER (mis-in-farm'er), n. One who 
misinforms. 



fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



MISINSTRUCT 



727 



MISSISSIPPI 



MISINSTRUCT (mis-in-strukf), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
INSTRUCT'ING? p.t. and p.p. MISINSTRUCT'- 
ED.] Instruct incorrectly. 

MISINTERPRET (mis-in-ter'pret), vt. [pr.p. 
MISINTERPRETING; p.t. and p.p. MISIN- 
TERPRETED.] Interpret wrongly. 

MISINTERPRETATION (mis-in-ter-pre-ta'- 
shun), n. 1. Act of misinterpreting. 2. Mis- 
construction. 

MISJOINDER (mis-join'der), n. Law. Incor- 
rect union of parties, or of causes of action, in 
a suit. 

MISJUDGE (mis-juj), v. [pr.p. MISJUDGING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISJUDGED (mis-jujd).] I. vt. 
Judge ill or wrongly of. II. vi. Err in judg- 
ment. 

MISLAY (mis-la'), vt. [pr.p. MISLAYING; p.t. 
and p.p. MISLAID (mis-lad').] Lay in a wrong 
place, or in a place not remembered. 

MISLEAD (mis-led'), vt. [pr.p. MISLEADING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISLED'.] Lead wrong; guide 
into error; cause to mistake. 

MISLETOE, n. See MISTLETOE. 

MISMANAGE (mis-man 'a j ), vt. [pr.p. MISMAN- 
AGING; p.t. and p.p. MISMANAGED (mis- 
man'ajd).] Manage or conduct ill. 

MISMANAGEMENT (mis-man'aj-ment), n. Bad 
management; improper administration or 
conduct. 

MISMATE (mis-mat'), vt. [pr.p. MISMA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISMA'TED.] Mate incorrectly 
or in an unsuitable manner. 

MISNAME (mis-nam'), vt. [pr.p. MISNAMING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISNAMED (mis-namd').] Call 
by a wrong name. 

MISNOMER (mis-no'mer), n. Misnaming; wrong 
name. [MIS-, and Fr. nommer, name.] 

MISOGAMIST (mis-og'a-mist), n. Hater of 
marriage. [Gr. tnised, hate, and gamos, mar- 
riage.] 

MISOGAMY (mis-og'a-mi), n. A hatred of mar- 
riage. 

MISOGYNIST (mis-oj'i-nist), n. Woman-hater. 
[Gr. mised, hate, and gyne, woman.] 

MISOGYNY (mis-oj'i-ni), w. Hatred of women. 

MISPLACE (mis-plas'), vt. [pr.p. MISPLA'CING ; 
p.t. and p.p. MISPLACED (mis-plast').] Put 
in a wrong place; set on an improper object. 

MISPLACEMENT (mis-plas'ment), n. Act of 
misplacing or state of being misplaced. 

MISPRINT (mis-print'), n. A mistake in printing. 

MISPRINT (mis-print'), vt. [pr.p. MISPRINT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MISPRINTED.] Print 
wrongly. 

MISPRISION (mis-prizh'un), n. Omission to 
notify the authorities of a felony or an act of 
treason. [O. Fr. mesprision, mistake.] 

MISPRONOUNCE (mis-pro-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. 
MISPRONOUN'CING; p.t. and p.p. MISPRO- 
NOUNCED (mis-pro-nownst').] Pronounce in- 
correctly. 

MISPRONUNCIATION (mis-pro-nun-si-a'shun), 
n. Wrong or incorrect pronunciation. 



MISPROPORTION (mis-pro-por'shun), vt. [pr.p. 
MISPROPOR'TIONING; p.t. and p.p. MIS- 
PROPORTIONED (mis-pro-por'shund).] Pro- 
portion wrongly. 

MISQUOTATION (mis-kwo-ta'shun), n. An 
incorrect or false quotation. 

MISQUOTE (mis-kwot), vt. [pr.p. MISQUO'- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MISQUO'TED.] Quote 
wrongly. 

MISRATE (mis-rat), vt. [pr.p. MISRA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISRA'TED.] Rate erroneously. 

3I1SRECITE (mis-re-sit), vt. [pr.p. MISRE- 
CI'TING; p.t. and p.p. MISRECI'TED.] Recite 
erroneously. 

MISRECKON (mis-rek'un), vt. [pr.p. MIS- 
RECK'ONING; p.t. and p.p. MISRECKONED 
(mis-rek'und).] Reckon wrong. 

MISREPORT (mis-re-porf), vt. [pr.p. MISRE- 
PORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. MISREPORT'ED.] 
Report wrongly. 

MISREPRESENT (mis-rep-re-zent), vt. [pr.p. 
MISREPRESENTING; p.t. and p.p. MIS- 
REPRESENTED.] Represent incorrectly. 

MISREPRESENTATION (mis-rep-re-sen-ta'- 
shun), n. 1. Act of misrepresenting. 2. A 
false or incorrect representation. 

MISRULE (mis-rol'), n. Wrong or unjust rule; 
disorder; tumult. 

MISRULE (mis-rol), vt. [pr.p. MISRU'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISRULED (mis-rold').] Rule or 
govern wrongly, improperly or unjustly. 

MlSS (mis), n. [pi. MISS'ES.] 1. Title of ad- 
dress of an unmarried female. 2. [m-] Young 
woman or girl. [Contracted from MISTRESS.] 

MISS (mis), vt. [pr.p. MISS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
MISSED (mist).] 1. Fail to hit, reach, find, 
or keep. 2. Omit; fail to have. 3. Dis- 
cover the absence of. 4. Feel the want of. 
[A« S. tnissan.] 

MISS (mis), n. Act of missing; deviation from 
the mark; mistake; fault. 

MISSAL (mis'al), n. Roman Catholic mass-book. 
[L.L. missale — missa, mass.] 

MISSHAPE (mis-snap'), vt. [pr.p. MISSHA'PING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISSHAPED (mis-shapt').] 
Shape ill. 

MISSHAPEN (mis-sha'pn), a. Deformed. 

MISSILE (mis'il), I. a. That may be thrown. II. 
n. Weapon thrown by the hand or otherwise. 
[L. mitto, send.] 

MISSING (mis'ing), a. Absent; lost; wanting. 
[See MISS, vt.] 

MISSION (mish'un), n. 1. Sending. 2. The 
business on which one is sent; purpose of life. 
3. Persons sent on a mission; embassy. 4. 
Station or association of missionaries. [L. 
missio.] 

MISSIONARY (mish'un-5-ri), I. n. [pi. MIS'- 
SIONARIES.] One sent to propagate religion 
or some special doctrine. II. a. Pertaining 
to missions. [Fr. missionnaire.] 

Mississippi (mis-sis-sip'O, n. one of the 

U. S. Area 46,919 sq. m. Capital, Jackson. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn. 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



MISSISSIPPI RIVER 



?28 



MITIGATION 




el ta of tHe 



Area 



Mississippi River. River of u. s., fails into 

(.ulf of Mexico, 2,400 
in. long. 
MISSIVE (mis'lv), I. a. 

That may be sent; 

intended to be thrown 

or hurled. II. n. That 

which is sent, as a 

letter. [Fr.] 
MlSSOLONGHI (mis- 

o-long'ge), n. Sea- 
port, Greece, on N. 

shore of Gulf of Patras. 
MISSOURI (mi-zo'ri), n. One of the U. S. 

69,137 sq. m. Capital, Jefferson. 

Missouri River, u. s., principal tributary 

of the Mississippi, 3,047 m. long. 
.MISSPELL (mis-spel), vt. [pr.p. MISSPELLING; 

p.t. and p.p. MISSPELLED (mis-speld').J Spell 

wrongly. 
MISSPEND (mis-spend'), vt. [pr.p. MISSPEND'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. MISSPENT (mis-spent').] 

Spend ill; waste; squander. 
MISSTATE (mis-stat), vt. [pr.p. MISSTA'TING; 

p.t. and p.p. MISSTA'TED.] State wrongly 

or falsely. 
MISSTATEMENT (mis-stat'ment), n. False or 

incorrect statement. 
MISSTEP (mis-step'), n. False or wrong step 

with the foot; step out of the proper line of 

conduct. 
MIST (mist), n. 1. Visible watery vapor in the 

atmosphere. 2. Rain falling in very fine 

drops. 3. Anything which dims, darkens. 

[A. S. mist, darkness.] 
MIST (mist), v. [pr.p. MIST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MIST 'ED.] I. vt. Cover or enshroud with 

mist. II. vi. Drizzle so as to form a mist; 

become blurred or dim. 
MISTAKABLE (mis-ta'ka-bl), a. Capable of 

being mistaken. 
MISTAKE (mis-tak'), v. [pr.p. MISTA'KING; 

p.t. MISTOOK (mis-tok'); p.p. MISTAKEN 

(mis-ta'kn).] I. vt. 1. Understand wrongly. 

2. Take (one thing or person) for another. 
II. vi. Err in opinion or judgment. 

MISTAKE (mis-tak'), n. Fault or error. 
MISTAKEN (mis-ta'kn), a. 1.. Taken or under- 
stood incorrectly. 2. Guilty of a mistake. 

3. Erroneous; incorrect. 
MISTAKENLY (mis-ta'kn-li), adv. By mis- 
take. 

MISTEACH (mis-tech'), vt. [pr.p. MISTEACH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MISTAUGHT (mis-tat').] 
Instruct erroneously; teach wrong. 

MisTER (mis'ter), n. Sir; title of address to a 
man, written Mr. [A corrup. of MASTER.] 

MISTILY (mlst'i-li), adv. In a misty manner. 

MISTIME fmls-tim'), vt. [pr.p. MISTI'MING; 
p.t. and p.p. MISTIMED (mis-timd').] Time 
wroncly. 

MISTINESS (mist'I-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being misty. 




Mistletoe (Viscum 
album). 



MISTLETOE (miz'l-to or mis'l-to) 9 n. Parasitic 
plant found on the apple 
and other trees. [A. S. mistel, 
birdlime, and tan, twig.] 

MISTRAL (mis'tra ), n. Fu- 
rious, dry, cold northwest- 
ern wind, blowing in the 
Mediterranean parts of 
France. 

MISTRESS (mis'tres), n. 1. 

Woman having power or ownership. 2. Female 
head of a family, school, etc. 3. Skilled 
woman. 4. Woman loved. 5. Concubine. 6. 
[M-] Form of address of a married woman 
(usually written Mrs. and pronounced Mis- 
ses). [O. Fr. maistresse — L. magister.] 

MISTRUST (mis-trust'), n. Want of trust or 
confidence. 

MISTRUST (mis-trust), vt. [pr.p. MISTRUST'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MISTRUSTED.] Feel 
distrust, suspicion, or doubt regarding. 

MISTY (mist'i), a. Full of mist; dim; obscure. 

MISUNDERSTAND (mis-un-der-stand'),trt . [pr.p. 
MISUNDERSTANDING; p.t. and p.p. MIS- 
UNDERSTOOD (mis-Tin-der-stod').] Under- 
stand wrongly; take in a wrong sense. 

MISUNDERSTANDING (mis-un-der-stand'ing), 
n. 1. Misapprehension. 2. Dissension; dis- 
agreement. 

MISUSE (mis-uz'), vt. [pr.p. MISU'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. MISUSED (mis-uzd').] Misapply; 
treat ill; abuse. 

MISUSE (mis-us'), n. Improper use; application 
to a bad purpose. 

MITE (mit), n. 1. Very small insect, one species 
of which breeds in cheese. 2. Anything very 
small; very little quan- 
tity. [A. S. mite — root 
mit, cut.] 

MITER, MITRE (miter), 
n. 1. Head-dress worn 
by the Pope, archbishops 
and bishops in the Ro- 
man Catholic and Greek 
churches. 2. Arch. 
Junction of two pieces, 
as of molding, at an angle. 

MITER, MITRE ( mi'ter), vt. [pr.p. MI'TER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MITERED (mi'terd).] 1. 
Adorn with a miter. 2. Join with a miter; 
unite at an angle of 45°. 

MlTHRA (mith'ra), n. A Persian divinity, god 
of light, later of the sun. 

MITIGABLE (mit'i-ga-bl), a. That can be miti- 
gated. 

MITIGATE (mit'i-gat), vt. [pr.p. MIT'IGATING; 
p.t. and p.p. MITIGATED.] Soften in sever- 
ity. [L. mitis, soft.] 

SYN. Alleviate; soften; assuage; allay; 
soothe; appease; lessen. ANT. Aggra- 
vate; intensify. 

3IITIGATION (mit-i-ga'shun), n. Act of miti- 
gating. 




Miter. 
[Gr. mitra, fillet.] 



f&te, fat tu^l:, 



fiir, fall. fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. ' 



MIT1GATIVE 



729 



MODEL 






MITIGATIVE (mit'i-ga-tiv), a. Mitigating. 
MITIGATOR (mit'i-ga-tur), n. One who or that 

which mitigates. 
MITRAILLEUS (me-tra-yuz'),n. Breech-loading 

gun with several barrels, discharged almost 

at once. [Fr. mitrailler, fire grape-shot — mit- 

raille, broken pieces of metal — root of MITE.] 
MITRE, n. and v. See MITER. 
MITRAL (mi'tral), a. Pertaining to a miter. 
MITT (mit), n. 1. Fingerless glove. 2. Mitten. 
MITTEN (mit'n), n. Glove with a separate cover 

for the thumb alone. [Etym. doubtful.] 
MITTIMUS (mit'i-mus), n. Law. Warrant 

granted for sending to prison a person charged 

with a crime. [L., we send.] 
MITY (mi'ti), a. Full of mites or insects. 
MIX (miks), v. [pr.p. MIX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MIXED (mikst).] I. vt. 1. Unite (two or 

more things) into one mess. 2. Mingle. 3. 

Associate. II. vi. 1. Become mixed. 2. 

Be joined. 3. Associate. [A. S. miscan.] 
MIXER (miks'er), n. 1. One who or that which 

mixes. 2. One who readily forms acquaint- 
ances. (Colloa.) 
MIXTURE (miks'tur), n. 1. Act of mixing or 

state of beine mixed. 2. Mass or compound 

formed by mixing. 3. Chem. Composition in 

which the ingredients retain their properties. 

[L. mixtura.] 
MIZZEN (miz'n), I. n. In a three-masted vessel, 

the hindmost of the fore-and-aft sails. II. a- 

Belonging to the mizzen; nearest the stern. 

[Fr. misaine — L. medius, middle.] 
MIZZENMAST (miz'n-mast), n. Mast that 

bears the mizzen. 
MIZZLE (miz'l), vi. [pr.p. MIZ'ZLING; p.t. and 

p.p. MIZZLED (miz'ld).] Rain in small drops : 

drizzle. [Freq. of MIST.] 
MIZZLE (miz'l), n. Fine rain. 
MNEMONIC (ne-mon'ik), MNE310NICAL (ne- 

mon'ik-al), a. Assisting the memory. 
MNEMONICS (ne-mon'iks), n. Art of assisting 

the memory. [Gr. mnemonikos — mnemon, 

mindful — mnaomai, remember.] 
MNEMOSYNE (ne-mos'i-ne), n. Greek Myth. 

The goddess of memory; 

mother of the Muses. 
MOA (mo'a), n. Large wing- 
less bird of New Zealand, 

of the genus Dnomithidce, 

now extinct. 
MOAN (mon), v. [pr.p. 

MOAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOANED (mond).] I. vi. 

Make a low sound of grief 

or pain. II. vt. Lament. 

[A. S. mcenan.] 
MOAN (mon), n. Low sup- 
pressed groan. 
MOAT (mot), n. Deep trench 

round a fortified place, 

sometimes filled with water. 

mound, trench.] 




Moa {Dinornis 
giganteus). 
[O. Fr. mote, 



MOAT (mot), vt. [pr.p. MOATING; p.t. and p.p. 
MOAT'ED.] Surround with a moat. 

MOB (mob), n. 1. Disorderly crowd; riotous 
assembly. 2. Lowest classes. [L. mobile vul- 
gus, fickle multitude.] 

MOB (mob), vt. [pr.p. MOB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
MOBBED (mobd).] Assail in a riotous manner. 

MOBILE (mo-bel'), n. City in Alabama. 

MOBILE (mo'bil), a. 1. Capable of being moved; 
movable. 2. Easily moved or changed. 3. 
Fickle. [L. mobilis, movable — moveo, move.] 

SYN. Inconstant; variable; volatile. 
ANT. Immovable; inexorable; unvarying. 

MOBILITY (mo-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being mobile, or of being beset in a tumul- 
tous manner. 

MOBILIZATION (mo-bil-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
mobilizing or state of being mobilized. 

MOBILIZE (mo'bil-iz or mob'il-iz), v. [pr.p. 
MO'BILIZING; p.t. and p.p. MOBILIZED 
(mo'bil-izd).] I. vt. Put in a state of read- 
iness for service, as troops. II. vi. Get 
ready for active service. [Fr. mobiliser — 
mobile, movable.] 

MOBOCRACY (mob-ok'ra-si), n. Rule or 
ascendency exercised by the mob. [MOB, and 
Gr. krateo, rule.] 

MOCCASIN (mok'a-sin), n. 1. Shoe of deerskin 
or other soft leather, worn by the North 
American Indians. 2. Poisonous snake of the 
southern U. S. [Native word.] 

MOCHA (mo'ka), n. Variety of coffee, grown 
near 3Iocha, Arabia. 

MOCK (mok), v. [pr.p. MOCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
MOCKED (mokt).] I. vt. 1. Mimic in ridicule. 
2. Disappoint the hopes of; deceive. II. vi. 
Jeer. [Fr. mocquer.] 

MOCK (mok), I. n. Ridicule; sneer. II. a. 
Imitating reality, but not real; false. 

MOCKER (raok'er), n. One who mocks. 

MOCKERY (mok'er-i), n. 1. Derision; ridicule. 
2. Subject of laugh- 
ter or sport. 3. Vain 
imitation; false show. 

MOCKING-BIRD (mok'- 
ing-berd), n. North 
American thrush which 
imitates sounds. 

MODAL (modal), a. 1. 
Pertaining to a mode 
or mood. 2. Consist- 
ing of mode or form Mocking-bird {Mimus 
only. polyglottus). 

MODE (mod), n. 1. Manner; method; plan; 
way. 2. Fashion; style. 3. Gram. Mood. [L. 
modus, measure.} 

MODEL (mod'el), I. n. 1. Something to be 
copied; pattern; person who poses for painter 
or sculptor. 2. Imitation of something on a 
smaller scale. 3. Something worthy of 
imitation. II. a. Fit to serve as a pattern. 
[Fr. modele — L. modulus, dim. of modus, 
measure.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met. her: 
u=u ill' Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; n5te not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



MODEL 



730 



MOHAMMEDAN 



MODEL (model), v. [pr.p. MODELING; p.t. 
and p.p. MODELED (mod'cld).] I. vt, 1. Form 
after a model. 2. Shape. 3. Make a model 
or copy of. 4. Form in some soft material. 
II. ii. Practice modeling. 

MODELING (mod'el-ing), n. Act or art of ma- 
king a model, a branch of sculpture. 

MODENA (mo'da'na), n. City in Italy. 

MODERATE (mod'er-at), v. [pr.p. MOD'ERA- 
TIM;; p.t. and p.p. MODERATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Keep within bounds; restrain; reduce in in- 
tensity; make temperate or reasonable; pacify. 

2. Decide as a moderator. II. vi. 1. Become 
less violent or intense. 2. Preside as a mod- 
erator. [L. moderatus, p.p. of modero, reg- 
ulate — modus, measure.] 

MODERATE (mod'er-at), a. 1. Not going to 
extremes; temperate. 2. Not excessive; me- 
dium. 

MODERATELY (mod'er-at-li), adv. In a moder- 
ate manner, degree, extent, or amount. 

MODERATENESS (mod'er-at-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being moderate. 

MODERATION (mod-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
moderating. 2. Quality or state of being 
moderate. 

MODERATISM (mod'er-a-tizm), n. Moderation, 
especially in religious and political opinions. 

MODERATO (mod-a-ra'to), adv. Music. With 
moderate quickness. [It.] 

MODERATOR (mod'er-a-tur), n. 1. One who 
or that which moderates or restrains. 2. 
President or chairman of a meeting. 3. De- 
vice for regulating the motion of a machine.[L.] 

MODERN (modern), I. a. Limited to the 
present or recent time; not ancient. II. n. 
One of modern times. [Fr. — L.L. modernus 
- 7nodo, just now.] 

3IODERNIS3I (mod'ern-izm), n. A modern 
practice or idiom. 

MODERNIZE (mod'ern-iz). vt. {pr.p. MODERN- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. MODERNIZED (mod'- 
ein-izd).] Render modern; adapt to the pres- 
ent time. 

MODEST (mod'est), a. 1. Restrained by a due 
sense of propriety; not forward. 2. Chaste. 

3. Moderate. [L. modus, measure.] 
SVX. Bashful; diffident; coy; unobtru- 
sive; shy; virtuous; reserved. ANT. Im- 
modest; bold; brazen; forward. 

MODESTLY (mod'est-li), adv. In a modest 

manner. 
MODESTY (mod'es-ti), n. Quality or state of 

being modest. 
MODICUM (mod'1-kum), n. Small quantity. 

[L., neut. of tnodieust moderate.] 
MODIFIABLE (mod'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of 

being modified. 
MODIFICATION (mod-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 

of modifying. 2. Changed shape or condition. 

[L. modlficatlo.] 
MODIFIEB (mod'i-fi-er), n. One who or that 

which modifies. 



MODIFY (mod'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. MODIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. MODIFIED (mod'i-fld).] 1. 
Moderate. 2. Change the meaning or form 
of; vary. [Fr. modifier — L. modifico.] 

MODISH (mo'dish), a. According to the fashion. 

MODISHLY (mo'dish-li), adv. In a modish 
manner; fashionably. 

MODISHNESS (modish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being modish. 

MODIST (mo'dist), n. One who follows the mode 
or fashion. 

MODISTE (mo-desf), n. Ladies' tailor; dress- 
maker; milliner. [Fr.] 

MODULATE (mod'u-lat), v. [pr.p. MODULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MODULATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Vary or inflect (sounds). 2. Change the key 
or mode of. II. vi. Music. Pass from one key 
into another. [L. modulatus, p.p. of modulor, 
measure.] 

MODULATION (mod-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of modulating. 2. State of being 
modulated. 3. Music. The changing of the 
keynote and of the original scale by the in- 
troduction of a new sharp or fiat. 

MODULATOR (mod'u-la-tiir), n. One who or 
that which modulates. 

MODULE (mod'ul), n. 1. Small measure or 
quantity. 2. Arch. A measure of proportion. 

3IODULUS (modu-lus), n. [pi. MODULI (mod'- 
u-Ii).] Math. A constant multiplier in a 
function of a variable, by which the function 
is adapted to a particular base. [L., dim. of 
modus, measure.] 

McERiX: (mere), n.pl. Greek Myth. Grecian 
name given to the Fates. 

iliOGUL (mo-guD, n. 1. Mongol or Mongolian. 
2. [m-] Large railroad engine with three 
pairs of connected driving wheels. — Great 
Mogul, former ruler over Hindustan. 

MOHAIR (mo'har), n. 1. Fine silken hair of the 
Angora goat of Asia Minor. 2. Cloth made 
of mohair. [O. Fr. mouaire (Fr. moire) — Ar. 
mukhayyar.] 




Mohair Wool and Angora goat from which it is taken. 

MOHAMMEDAN (mo-ham'ed-an), I. a. Per- 
taining to Mohammed or to his religion. II. 
n. Follower of Mohammed. Also written 
Mahometan and Mahomedan. [Mohammed, 
the great prophet of Arabia, born about 570 
A. D. — Ar. muhammad, praiseworthy — hamd, 
praise.] 



fftte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above. ; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. " 



MOHAMMEDANISM 



731 



MOLLYCODDLE 



MoHAMMEDANIS3I(mo-ham'ed-an-izm),MO- 

HAMMEDISM (mo-ham'ed-izm), n. Religion 

of Mohammed, contained in the Koran. 
MOLETY (moa'et-i), n. Half; one of two equal 

parts. [Fr. moitie — L. medius, middle.] 
MOIL (moil), v. [pr.p. MOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOILED (moild).] I. vt. Daub with dirt. II. 

vi. Toil ; drudge. [O. Fr. moiller (Fr. mouil- 

ler), wet — L. mollis, soft.] 
MOIL (moil), n. Defilement. 
MOIRE (mwar), n. Watered silk. [Fr. See 

MOHAIR.] 
MOIST (moist), a. Damp; humid; slightly wet. 

[O. Fr. moiste — L. musteus, fresh. See MUST.] 
MOISTEN (mois'n), vt. [pr.p. MOISTENING; 

p.t. and p.p. MOISTENED (mois'nd).] Make 

moist; wet slightly. 
MOLAR (mo'lar), a. Pertaining to a large mass. 

[L. moles, mass.] 
MOISTNESS (moist'nes), n. Dampness. 
MOISTURE (mois'tur), n. 1. Slight degree of 

wetness; dampness; humidity. 2. That which 

makes moist. 
MOLAR (mo'lar), I. o. Grind- 
ing. II. n. Grinding tooth; 

back-tooth. [L. molaris — 

mola, mill.] 
MOLASSES (mo-las'ez), n. 

Syrup that drains from 

sugar during the process 

of manufacture. [L. mcl- 

laceus — tnel, honey.] 
MOLD, MOULD (mold), n. 

1. Soil rich in decayed 
matter. 2. Minute fungus 
which grows on a body in 
a damp atmosphere. [A. 
S. molde, dust.] 

MOLD, MOULD (mold), v. 
[pr.p. MOLD'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. MOLD'ED.] I. vt. Cover with a mold. 2. 
Cause to become moldy. II. vi. Become moldy. 

MOLD, MOULD (mold), n. 1. Hollow form in 
which anything is cast; matrix; pattern. 2. 
Thing molded; form; cast; shape; char- 
acter. [O. Fr. molle (Fr. moule) — L. mod- 
ulus. See MODEL.] 

MOLD, MOULD (mold), vt. [pr.p. MOLD'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. MOLD'ED.] 1. Form in a mold. 

2. Model; shape; fashion. 

MOLDER, MOULDER (mold'er), n. One who 

molds. 
MOLDER, MOULDER (mold'er), v. [pr.p.MOLD- 

ERING; p.t. and p.p. MOLDERED (mold'erd).] 

I. vt. Cause to crumble; disintegrate. II. vi. 

1. Crumble to mold. 2. Waste away. 
MOLDINESS, MOULDINESS (mold'i-nes), n. 

Quality or state of being moldy. 
MOLDING, MOULDING (molding), n. 1. Act 

of molding. 2. Anything molded. 3. Small 

ornamental projection on a wall, etc. 
MOLDY, MOULDY (mold'i), a. Overgrown 

with mold. 




Molars. 




Mole (Talpa europcea). 



[Fr.— L. 




Mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa borealis). 
a. Belonging to or consisting 



MOLE (mol), n. Small dark-colored patch or 

protuberance on the skin. [A. S. mdl, spot.] 
MOLE (mol), n. Small animal with very small 

eyes and soft fur, 

which burrows in 

the ground and 

casts up little 

heaps of mold. 

[Short for obsolete 

E. moldwarp, mold-caster.] 
MOLE (mol), n. Breakwater or jetty. 

moles, huge mass.] 
MOLE-CAST (mol'kast), n. Mole-hill. 
MOLE-CRICKET (mol'krik'et), n. Burrowing 

insect with 

fore legs like 

those of a 

mole. 
MOLECULAR 

(mo-lek'u-lar), 

of molecules. 
MOLECULE (mol'e-kul), n. One of the smallest 

particles into which a substance can be divided 

without destroying its chemical character. 

[A diminutive coined — L. moles, mass.] 
MOLE-HILL (mol'hil), n. 1. Little ridge of earth 

thrown up by a mole when burrowing. 2. Any- 
thing small or of slight importance as com- 
pared with something larger or more important. 
MOLE-RAT (mol'rat), n. Rat-like animal, which 

burrows like a mole. 
MOLESKIN (mol'skin), n. Skin of a mole or a 

fabric made to resemble it. 
MOLEST (mo-lest), vt. [pr.p. MOLEST'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. MOLESTED.] Interfere with; 

disturb; trouble. [L. molesto, annoy.] 
MOLESTATION (mo-les-ta'shun), n. Act of 

molesting or state of being molested. 
MOLLIENT (mol'yent), a. Serving to soften; 

assuaging. [L. mollis, soft.] 
MOLLIFIABLE (mol'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of 

being mollified. 
MOLLIFICATION (mol-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 

mollifying; state of being mollified ; mitigation. 
MOLLIFIER (mol'i-fl-er), n. One who or that 

which mollifies. 
MOLLIFY (mol'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. MOL'LIFYING; 

p.t. and p.p. MOLLIFIED (mol'i-fid).] 1. Make 

soft or tender. 2. Assuage; calm; pacify. [L. 

mollifico — mollis, soft, and facio, make.] 
MOLLUSCA (mol-lus'ka), n.pl. Large division 

of invertebrate animals, embracing cuttle- 
fishes, squids, snails, slugs, and bivalves. 

[L. molluscus, softish — mollis, soft.] 
MOLLUSCAN (mol-lus'kan), I. a. Of or 

belonging to the Mollusca. II. n. Mollusk. 
MOLLUSCOUS (mol-lus'kus), a. Pertaining 

to or of the nature of mollusks. 
MOLLUSK (mol'usk), n. Animal having a soft, 

inarticulate, fleshy body, as the snail and all 

shell-fish; one of the Mollusca. 
MOLLYCODDLE (mol'i-kod-I), n. Effeminate 

man; used in derision. (Slang.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



MOLOCH 



732 



MONGOOS 



MOLOCH (mo'lok),n. 1. God of the Phenicians, 
worshiped by human sacrifices. 2. Any cause 
demanding cruel sacrifices. 

MOLT, MOULT (molt), v. [pr.p. MOLTING; 
p.t. and p.p. MOLTED.] I. vt. Cast, shed, 
or jslough off, as feathers, hair, etc. II. vi. 
Cast the feathers, hair, skin, horns, etc., as 
birds and other animals. [L. muto, change.] 

MOLT, 3IOULT (molt), n. Act or process of 
molting. 

MOLTEN (mol'tn), a. 1. Melted. 2. Made of 
melted metal. [Old p.p. of MELT-] 

Moluccas (mo-iuk'az) or Spice Islands. 

In the E. Indian Archipelago. Dutch. 

MOLYBDENUM (mo-lib 'de-num), n. A me- 
tallic element of a silver color. [Gr. Molyo- 
dos, lead.] 

MOMENT (mo'ment), n. 1. Moving cause or 
force. 2. Importance in effect; value. 3. 
Small portion of time. [Fr. — L. momentum 
— moveo, move.] 

SYN. Consideration; momentum; weight; 
instant; twinkling; trice. ANT. Age; pe- 
riod; triviality; insignificance. 

MOMENTARILY (mo'men-ta-ri-li), adv. 1. 
For a moment. 2. Every moment. 

MOMENTARINESS (mo'men-ta-ri-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being momentary. 

MOMENTARY (mo'men-ta-ri), a. 1. Lasting 
for a moment. 2. Done in a moment. 

MOMENTOUS (mo-men'tus), a. Important; of 
great consequence. 

MOMENTU3I (mo-men'tum), n. [pi. MOMEN- 
TA.] 1. Power of overcoming resistance; 
impetus. 2. Quantity of motion in a body 
(the product of the mass and the velocity of 
the moving body). 

MoMUS (mo'mus), n. Greek Myth. The god of 
mirth, laughter, and sarcasm; son of Nox. 

M ON-, prefix. Single; one. [Gr. monos, single.] 

MONACHISM (mon'a-kizm), n. Monastic life. 

MONACO (mon'a-ko), n. Principality and town 
near N. Italy, on the Mediterranean. 

3IONAD (mon'ad), n. 1. Simple single-celled 
organism. 2. Infusorian with a whip-like 
appendage. 3. Simple, indivisible substance. 
4. Chem. Element having a valence of one. 
[Gr. monas, unit.] 

MONARCH (mon'ark), I. n. Sovereign; ruler of 
a monarchy. II. a. Supreme; superior to 
others. [Gr. monarches — monos, alone, and 
archo, rule.] 

MONARCHIC (mon-ar'kik), MONARCHICAL 
(mon-ar'kik-al), a. Of or pertaining to a 
monarchy. 

MONARCHIST (mon'ark-ist), n. Advocate of 
monarchy. 

MOVYRCHIZE (mon'ark-iz), v. [pr.p. MON'- 
A WHIZING; p.t. and p.p. MONARCHIZED 
(mon'ark-izd).] I. vt. Convert into a mon- 
archy. II. vi. Play the monarch. 

MONARCHY (mon'ark-i), n. [pi. MON'ARCH- 
H.s.i l. Government in which the supreme 




Siamese Monastery. 

Monastic 



power Is in the hands of a single person. 2. 

Country ruled by a monarch. [Gr. mon- 
orchia — monarches. See MONARCH.] 
M ONAS TERYI 

(mon'as-ter-i), 

n. [pi. MON'AS-| 

TERIES.] House 

for monks ; con- 1 

vent. [Gr. mo- 

nastes, monk — J 

monos, alone.] 
MONASTIC (mon- 

as'tik), MON- 

ASTICAL(mon- 

as'tik-al), a. 1. 

Pertaining to 

monasteries. 2. ' 

Recluse; soli- 1 

tary. 
MONASTICISM (mon-as'ti-sizm), 

life. 
MONDAY (mun'da), n. Second day of the week. 

— Blue Monday, a Monday of idleness, is so 

called from the Bavarian custom of draping 

the churches in blue on Monday before Lent. 

[A. S. monandosg.] 
MONETARY (mun'e-ta-ri), a. Relating to 

money. — Monetary unit, unit of currency, as 

the dollar. 
MONETIZE (mun'e-tlz), vt. [pr.p. MONETI- 
ZING; p.t.and p.p. MONETIZED (mun'e-tizd).] 

1. Give the character of money to; legalize as 
money. 2. Coin as money. 

MONEY (mun'i), n. [pi. MONEYS.] 1. Coin. 

2. Any currency used as the equivalent of 
coin. 3. Wealth. [O. Fr. moneie — L. moneta. 
See MINT.] 

MONEYED (mun'id), a. 1. Having money; rich 
in money. 2. Consisting in money. 

MONEYLESS (mun'i-les), a. Having no money. 

MONEY-ORDER (mun'i-ar-der), n. Order for 
the payment of money, drawn at one office 
and payable at another ; as, a post-office money- 
order or an express money-order. 

MONGER (mung'ger), n. Trader; dealer; now 
chiefly used in compounds, as ironmonger, 
fishmonger. [A. S. mangere — mang, mixture.] 

MONGER (mung'ger), vt. [pr.p. MON'GERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MONGERED (mung'gerd).] Deal 
in. 

Mongol (mong'goi), mon- 
golian (mong-go'li-an), 

I. n. One of the race in- 
habiting Mongolia, a vast 
region North of China. 

II. a. Pertaining to Mongo- 
lia or the Mongols. 

Mongolia (mong-go'ii-a), 

n. Region of Chinese Em- 
pire, W. of Manchuria. 
Area 1,304,000 sq. m. 
MONGOOS (mong'gos), n. 

[pi. MON'GOOSES.] Weasel-like animal, very 




Mongol. 



fate fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me met her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' 



MONGREL 



733 



MONOPOLY 






destructive to rats, snakes, etc. [East Indian 
name.] 

MONGREL (mung'grel), I. o. Of a mixed breed. 
II. n. Animal of a mixed breed. [A. S. man- 
gian, mix.] 

MONILIFORM (mo-nil'i-farm), a. Resembling 
a string of beads. [L. monile, necklace.] 

MONISM (mon'izm), n. Doctrine that physical 
and spiritual phenomena are based on the 
same single principle; opposed to DUALISM. 
[Gr. monos, single, and -ISM.] 

MONIST (mon'ist), n. One who believes in mon- 
ism. 

MONITION (mon-ish'un), n. Admonition; warn- 
ing notice. [L. moneo, remind.] 

MONITIVE (mon'i-tiv), a. Conveying a warning. 

MONITOR (mon'i-tur), n. 1. One who admon- 
ishes; adviser. 2. Pupil appointed to pre- 
serve order in absence of the teacher. 3. 
Ironclad or steel warship having a low deck 
and one or more revolving turrets. [See 
MONITION.] 

MONITORIAL (mon-i-to'ri-al), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to a monitor. 2. Monitory. 

MONITORY (mon'i-to-ri), o. Giving warning 
or admonition; admonitory. 

MONK (mungk), n. One of a religious commu- 
nity living in a monastery. [A. S. munuc — 
Gr. tnonachos — monos, alone.] 

MONKEY (mung'ki), n, [pi. MONKEYS (mung'- 
kiz).] 1. Popular name for any one of the 
quadrumanous mammals having a well- 
developed tail, those not having tails being 
called apes. 2. Quadrumanous mammal 
having a tail and callosities but no cheek 
pouches, as distinguished from a baboon, 
which has both, and an ape, which besides 
being tailless, has neither callosities nor 
cheek pouches. [O. It. monicchio, monkey.] 

MONKEY (mung'ki), vi. [pr.p. MON'KEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. MONKEYED (mung'kid).] Med- 
dle; trifle; fool. (Colloq.) 

MONKEY (mung'ki), n. 1. Heavy weight for 
driving piles. 2. Large hammer for driving 
bolts. 

MONKEY-ENGINE (mung'ki-en-jin), n. Kind 
of pile-driver having a ram or monkey work- 
ing in a wooden frame. 

MONKEYSHINE (mung'ki-shin), n. Piece of 
tomfoolery; merry prank. (Slang.) 

MONKEY-WRENCH (mung'ki-rench), n. 

Wrench having a ^^^ 

movable jaw which J'fj^sj 

can be adjusted to 

the size of the nut to 

be grasped. Monkey-wrench. 

MONK'S-HOOD (mungks'hod), n. Aconite, poi- 
sonous plant with a flower like a monk's hood. 

MONO-, prefix. Single; one. [Gr. monoso] 

MONOCHORD (mon'o-kard), n. Musical in- 
strument of one string. 

MONOCHROMATIC (mon-o-kro-mat'ik), a. Of 
one color only. 



P 



MONOCHROME (mon'o-krom), n. Painting 
done in a single color or hue. [MONO-, and 
Gr. chroma, color.] 

MONOCLE (mon'o-kl), n. Glass for one eye. 
[Gr. monos, single, and L. oculus, eye.] 

MONOCULAR (mon-ok'u-lar), MONOCULOUS 
(mon-ok'u-lus), a. With or for one eye only. 

MONOCYCLE (mon'o-si-kl), n. One-wheeled 
cycle or velocipede. [MONO- and CYCLE.] 

MONODY (mon'o-di), n. Mournful ode or poem 
in which a single mourner laments. [Gr. 
monos, single, and ODE.] 

MONOGAMIST (mon-og'a-mist), n. Person who 
has but one spouse living. 

MONOGAMOUS (mon-og'a-mus), a. Pertain- 
ing to or practicing monogamy. 

MONOGAMY (mon-og'a-mi), n. Marriage with 
one person only. [Gr. monos, one, and ga- 
mos, marriage.] 

MONOGRAM (mon'o-gram), n. Several letters 
interwoven or written into one. [Gr. monos, 
alone, and gramma, letter.] 

MONOGRAPH (mon'o-graf), n. Paper or treat- 
ise written on one particular subject. 

MONOLITH (mon'o-lith), n. Pillar, or column, 
made of a single stone. [Gr. monos, 
alone, and lithos, stone.] 

MONOLOGUE (mon'o-log), n. Speech 
uttered by one person; soliloquy; 
poem etc., for a single performer. 
[Gr. monos, alone, and logos, speech.] 

MONOMANIA (mon-o-ma'ni-a), n. 
Madness confined to one subject, 
or one faculty of the mind. [Gr. 
monos, alone, and mania, madness.] 

MONOMANIAC (mon-o-ma'ni-ak), n. 
One affected with monomania. 

MONOMETALISM (mon-o-met'al- Monolith, 
izm), n. 1. Use of only one metal 
as a standard of value. 2. Doctrine that only 
one metal can or should be so used as such 
standard. Opposed to BIMETALISM. 

MONOMIAL (mon-6'mi-al), n. Algebraic, ex- 
pression of one term only. [MON-, and L. 
nomen, name.] 

MONOMORPHIC (mon-o-mar'fik), a. Of the 
same type of structure; very uniformly built. 

MONOPHTHONG (mon'of-thang), n. 1. Simple 
vowel sound. 2. Two vowels pronounced 
as one. [See DIPHTHONG.] 

MONOPLANE (mon'o-plan), n. Form of aero- 
plane having but one plane or supporting 
surface. [MONO- and PLANE.] 

MONOPOLIST (mo-nop'o-list), n. One who 
monopolizes. 

MONOPOLIZE (mo-nop'o-liz), vt. [pr.p. MO- 
NOPOLIZING; p.t. and p.p. MONOPOLIZED 
(mo-nop'o-lizd).] 1. Obtain possession of 
so as to be the only seller. 2. Engross the 
whole of. 

MONOPOLY (mo-nop'o-li), n. [pi. MONOPO- 
LIES.] 1. Sole right or power of dealing in 
anything. 2. Exclusive command or pos- 



i 



< 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



MONO-RAIL 



734 



MONTPELIER 



session. 3. That which is the subject of a 
monopoly. 4. Trust or monopolizing com- 
bination of persons or corporations. [L. 
monopolium — Gr. monos, alone, and poled, 
soil.] 
MONO-RAIL (mon'o-ral), a. Having a track 
consisting of a single rail. — Mono-rail system 
or mono-railway, a one-rail electric railway 
invented by Louis Brennan. The cars are 
supported by a single row of center wheels, 
governed by a series of gyroscopic wheels, 
operated by a motor. The speed attained is 
incredible and the equilibrium is perfect. 




Mono-rail Motor-car. 

MONOSYLLABIC (mon-o-sil-lab'ik), a. Con- 
sisting of one syllable, or of words of one 
syllable. 

MONOSYLLABLE (mon'o-sil-a-bl), n. Word of 
one syllable. 

MONOTHEISM (mon'o-the-izm), n. Belief in 
only one God. [MONO-, and Gr. theos, god.] 

MONOTHEIST (mon'o-the-ist), n. One who 
believes that there is but one God. 

3IONOTONE (mon'o-ton), n. 1. Single unvaried 
tone or sound. 2. Succession of sounds hav- 
ing the same pitch. [Gr. monotonos — monos, 
single, and tonos, tone.] 

MONOTONOUS (mo-not'o-nus), a. 1. Uttered 
in one unvaried tone. 3. Marked by dull 
uniformity. 

MONOTONOUSLY (mo-not'o-nus-li), adv. In a 
monotonous manner. 

MONOTONY (mo-not'o-ni), n. Quality or state 
of being monotonous. [Gr. monotonia, same- 
ness of sound — monos, single, and tonos, tone.] 

MONOTYPE (mon'o-tip), n. 1. Sole or only 
type. 2. Machine which 
casts type and sets it type 
by type, instead of in slugs 
as the linotype. 

MONOXIDE (mon-oks'id or 
mon-oks'id), n. Oxide con- 
taining one atom of oxygen 
in each molecule. 

MoNSEIGNEUR (mang-sa- 
nyur'), n. French title to 
men of high rank. 

Monsieur (mus-ye'), n. [pi. 

MESSIEURS (me-sye).] Ti- 
tle of address or courtesy 
In France, corresponding to the English Mr. 




Monotype cast- 
ing machine. 




MoNSIGNORE (mon-se-nyo're), n. Italian title 
of ecclesiastics of high rank. 

MONSOON (mon-son'), n. Wind of the Indian 
Ocean, which blows from S. W. from April to 
October, and from the N. E. the rest of the 
year; similar winds elsewhere. [Malay, musim 
— Ar. mawsim, season.] 

MONSTER (mon'ster), n. 1. Anything out of the 
usual course of nature. 2. Anything horrible 
from ugliness or wickedness. 3. Unusually 
large person or animal. [Fr. — L. monstrum.] 

MONSTRANCE (mon'strans), w. In Roman 
Catholic Church, a trans- 
parent receptacle in which 
the consecrated host isdis- 
played. [L. monstro, show.] 

MONSTROSIT Y(mon-stros'- 
i-ti), n. [pi. MONSTROS'- 
ITIES.] 1. Quality or 
state of being monstrous. 
2. Monster. 

MONSTROUS (mon'strus), 
a. Out of the common 
course of nature; enor- 
mous ; wonderful ;horrible. 

MONSTROUSLY (mon'- 
strus-li), adv. In a mon- 
strous manner. 

MONTANA (mon-ta'na), n. 
One of the U. S. Area 
147,061 sq. m. Monstrance. 

Montana-grayling (mon-tana-gra-iing), 

n. Iclithy. Fish of the family Salmonidw 

found in the mountain streams of Montana 

and adjoining States. 
MONTE (mon'ta), n. Gambling game played 

with cards or dice. [Sp.] 
MONTE CARLO (mon'te kar'lo). Town in 

the principality of Monaco, near N. Italy, a 

gambling resort. 
MONTENEGRIN (mon-te-ne'grin), w. Native or 
inhabitant of Montenegro. 

Montenegro (mon-te- 

ne'gro), n. Principality, 
Balkan Peninsula. Area 
3,630 sq. m. 
MONTEREY (mon-te-ra'), n. 
Health resort in California. 

Montevideo (mon-te-vid'- 

e-6), n. Seaport, capital of 
Uruguay. 

Montgomery (mont- 

gum'e-ri), n. Capital of 

Alabama. 
MONTH (munth), n. One of 

the twelve parts of the year. 

mona, moon.] 
MONTHLY (munth'li), I. a. Performed in a 

month; happening or published once a month. 

II. n. Monthly publication. III. adv. Once 

a month; in every month. 
MONTPELIER (mont-pelyer), n. Capital of 

Vermont. 




Prince of Monte- 
negro. 

[A. S. monath — 



fate, Ja^ task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



MONTPELLIER 



735 



MORAL 



MoNTPELLIER (mang-pel-lya'), n. Town in 

France. 
MONTREAL (mon-tre-al'), n. City in Canada, 

on Ottawa and St. Lawrence Rivers. 
MONUMENT (mon'u-ment), n. Anything that 

perpetuates the memory of a 

person or event. [L. moneo, 

remind.] 
MONUMENTAL (mon-u-men'- 

tal), a. 1. Serving as a monu- 
ment. 2. Of or pertaining to 

a monument. 3. Preposter- 
ous. (Colloq.) 
MOOD (mod), n. 1. Fashion; 

manner. 2. Gram. Form of 

verbal inflection to express the 

connection of action or being. 

[Same as MODE.] 
MOOD (mod), n. Temporary 

state of the mind; temper. 

[A. S. mod — Ger. muth.] 
MOODILY (mod'i-li), adv. In 

a moody manner. 
MOODINESS (mod'i-nes), n. 

Quality or state of being moody. 
MOODY (mod'i), a. 

moods; fretful. 

SYN. Angry; peevish; gloomy; capri- 
cious. ANT. Blithe; merry; genial; sociable. 
MOON (mon), n. 1. Satellite which revolves 

round a planet, especially round the earth. 

2. A Lunar month. (A. 3. mOria.] 




Pilgrim's Mon- 
ument, Plym- 
Subject to outh, Mass. 




Telescopic View of the Moon. 
MOONBEAM (mon'bem), w. Beam of light 

from the moon. 
MOONEYE (mon 'I), n. 1. A disease affecting 

horses' eyes. 2. Name of several American 

fishes having large eyes. 
MOON-FACE (mbn'fas), n. Full, round face. 
MOONFSSH (mon'fish), n. Fish whose tail-fin 

is shaped like a half-moon. 
MOONFLOWER (mon'flow-er), n. Climbing 

annual allied to the morning-glory, with large 

white flowers. 
MOONLIGHT (mon'lit), I. n. Light of the moon. 

II. a. 1. Lighted by the moon. 2. Occurring 

during moonlight. 




MOONSHINE (mon'shln), n. 1. Shining of the 

moon. 2.. Show without reality. 3. Illicit 

whiskey. (Colloq.) 
MOONSHINER (mon'shi-ner), n. Maker of 

illicit whiskey, oleomargarine, etc. (Colloq.) 
MOONSTONE (mon'ston), n. Variety of nearly 

pellucid feldspar presenting a pearly reflection 

from within. 
MOONSTRUCK (mon'struk), a. Affected by 

the moon; lunatic; sentimental. 
MOOR (mor) v. [pr.p. MOOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOORED (mord).] I. vt. Fasten by cable 

and anchor. II. vi. Be fastened by cables 

or chains. [Dut. marren^ tie.] 
MOOR (mor), n. 1. Member 

of the dark mixed Mauri- 

tanian and Arab race in- 
habiting Morocco and the 

Barbary coast. 2. One of 

the Arab conquerors of 

Spain. [L. Maurus — Gr. 

mauros, black.] 
MOOR (mor), n. Low peaty 

soil, partly covered with 

heath. [A. S. mor.] 
MOORAGE (mor'aj), n. 

Place for mooring. Moor. 

MOORING (mor'ing), n. 1. Act of mooring. 

2. That which serves to moor or confine a 

ship. 3. [pi.] Place or condition of a 

moored ship. 
MOORISH (mor'ish), a. Of or pertaining to the 

Moors. 
MOORISH (mor'ish), MOORY (mor'i), a. Re- 
sembling a moor; sterile; marshy; boggy. 
MOOSE (mos), n. [pi. MOOSE.] American elk. 

[Indian.] 
MOOT (mot), vt. [pr.p. MOOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOOT'ED.] Propose for discussion; discuss; 

argue for practice. [A. S. mollan y summon to 

an assembly — mot, assembly. See MEET.] 
MOOT (mot), I. n. Debate or discussion by 

way of exercise upon a supposed case. II. a. 

Open to discussion or argument. 
MOOTED (mot'ed), a. Under discussion; de- 
batable. 
MOP (mop), n. Instrument for washing floors, 

made of cloth, etc., fastened to a handle. 

[Wei. mop.] 
MOP (mop), vt. [pr.p. MOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOPPED (mopt).] Rub or wipe with, or as 

with, a mop. 
MOPBOARD (mop'bord), n. Board forming the 

lower border or skirting of the walls of a room ; 

called also skirting-board and wash-board. 
MOPE (mop), vi. [pr.p. MO'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOPED (mopt).] Be silent and dispirited; 

be dull or stupid. [Dut. moppen, pout, sulk.] 
MOPISH (mo'pish), a. Dull; spiritless; dejected. 
MORAINE (mo-ran'), n. Line of rocks and 

gravel found at the bases and edges of glaciers. 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
MORAL (moral), I. a. 1. Pertaining to right or 



€ 
i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



MORALE 



736 



MORROW 



wrong as determined by duty. 2. Conformed 
to right; virtuous. 3. Capable of moral ac- 
tion; subject to the moral law. 4. Instructing 
with regard to morals. 5. Supported by 
reason or probability. II. ». 1. Practical 
lesson given by fable, an event, etc. 2. [pi.] 
.Manners; conduct; doctrine or practice of 
the duties of life; moral philosophy or ethics. 
[Fr. — L. moralis — mos, moris, manner, cus- 
tom.] 

MORALE (mo-ral'), n. Mental state as regards 
spirit and confidence, especially of a body of 
men. [Fr.] 

MORALIST (mor'al-ist), w. 1. One who teaches 
morals. 2. One who practices moral duties. 

MORALITY (mo-ral'i-ti), n. [pi. MORAL'ITIES.] 
1. Quality of being moral. 2. Practice of 
moral duties; virtue. 3. Doctrine which 
treats of moral actions; ethics. 

MORALIZE (mor'al-iz),r. [pr.p. MOR'ALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. MORALIZED (mor'al-izd).] I. 
vt. Apply to a moral purpose; explain in a 
moral sense. II. vi. Speak or write on moral 
subjects; make moral reflections. 

MORALIZER (mor'al-i-zer), n. 1. One who 
moralizes. 2. Moralist. 

MORALLY (mor'al-i), adv. 1. In an ethical 
sense; ethically. 2. In accordance with the 
moral law; rightly. 3. Virtually, not in effect. 

MORASS (mo-ras'), n. Tract of soft, wet ground; 
marsh. [Dut. moeras — moer, mire.] 

MORAVIA (mo-ra/vi-a), n. Province of Aus- 
trian Empire (Mahren). 

MORAVIAN (mo-ra/vi-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
Moravia or to the Moravians or United Breth- 
ren. II. n. One of a Protestant sect, founded 
in the 15th century in Moravia, Austria. 

MORBID (mar'bid), a. Not sound; due to a 
diseased state. [L. morbus* disease — morior, 
die.] 

SYN. Sickly; sick; diseased. ANT. 
Wholesome; healthy; sound. 

MORBIFIC (mar-bif'ik), a. Causing disease. 
[L. morbus, disease, and facio, make.] 

MORDACIOUS (mar-da'shus), a. Biting; sar- 
castic. [L. mordax — mordeo, bite.] 

MORDANT (mar'dant), I. a. Serving to fix 
colors. II. n. 1. Any substance, as alum, 
used to give permanency or brilliancy to dyes. 

1. Matter to make gold-leaf adhere. [Fr., pr. 
p. of mordre — L. mordeo, bite.] 

MORE (mor), I. a. (Serves as comp. of MANY 
and MUCH.) 1. Additional; other besides. 

2. Greater. II. adv. To a greater degree, 
extent, or quantity; again. III. n. Greater 
thing; addition. [A. S. mdra.] 

MOREEN (mo-ren'), n. Stout woolen stuff, 
used for curtains, etc. [Form of MOHAIR.] 

MOREL (mor'el), MORIL (mor'il), n. Sponge 
like edible mushroom (Morchclla esculenta). 

MOREOVER (mor-6'ver), adv. Besides. 

MORESQUE (mo-resk'), a. Done after the man- 
ner of the Moors. [It. moresco.] 



MORGANATIC (mar-ga-natik), a. Pertaining 
to a marriage of a prince or noble with a wo- 
man of inferior rank, in which neither the lat- 
ter nor her children enjoy the rank or inherit 
the possessions of her husband. [L. L. mor- 
ganatica, gift from a bridegroom to his bride; 
O. H. Ger. morgan, morning, and geba, gift.] 

MORGUE (marg), n. Place where the bodies 
of persons found dead are exposed for identi- 
fication. [Fr.] 

MORIBUND (mor'i-bund), c. Dying. [L. mor- 
ibundus — morior, die.] 

MORIL (mor'il), n. Same as MOREL. [Fr. 
morille.'] 

MORMON (mar'mun), w. One of a religious 
sect in the United States, founded in 1830 by 
Joseph Smith, who claimed to have discovered 
a prophetic record written on golden plates and 
called the Book of Mormon, from Mormon, 
its alleged author. 

MoRMONISM (mar'mun-izm), w. Doctrines 
and church government of the Mormons. 

MORN (marn), n. Morning. 

MORNING (marn'ing), n. First part of the day; 
early part. [A. S. morgen."] 

MOROCCO (mo-rok'6), n. Sultanate, N. W. 
Africa. Area 219,000 sq. m. 

MOROCCO (mo-rok'6), «. Goat leather, first 
made in Morocco, Africa. 

MOROSE (mo-ros'), o. Of a sour temper. [L. 
morosus — mos, habit, whim.] 

SYN. Ill-humored; crabbed; crusty; sul- 
len; gruff; grouchy; surly; churlish; se- 
vere; cross. ANT. Genial; kindly; amia- 
ble; complaisant; bland; gentle. 

MOROSELY (mo-ros'li), adv. In a morose 
manner. 

MOROSENESS (mo-ros'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being morose. 

MORPHEUS (mar'fe-us or mar'fus), n. Mom, 
Myth. The god of sleep and dreams; the son 
of Somnus. 

MORPHIA (mar'fi-a), n. Same as MORPHINE. 

MORPHINE (mar'fin or mar'fen), n. Narcotic 
principle of opium. [Gr. Morpheus, god of 
dreams — morphS, shape, form.] 

MORPHOLOGY (mar-fol'o-ji), n. Science of 
the forms assumed by plants and animals. 
[Gr. morphe, form, and -LOGY.] 

MORPHOMANIA (mar-fo-ma'ni-a), n. Ab- 
normal craving for morphine. [MORPHINE 
and MANIA.] 

MORRIS, MORRICE (mor'is), n. 1. Moorish 
dance, in which bells, rattles, tambours, etc., 
are introduced. 2. Old English May-day 
dance of a somewhat similar character. [Sp. 
Morisco, Moorish.] 

MoRRO (mor'6), n. Name of many forts in 
Spanish-speaking countries. [Sp., round.] 

MORROW (mor'6), n. 1. Day following the 
present; to-morrow. 2. Next following day. 
[M. E. morwe, for morwen. From root of 
MORNING.] 



fate, fat, tisk, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



MORSE 



?37 



MOSSINESS 




Mortar. 
[A. S. mortere — L. 



mortarium, 



MORSE (mars), n. Walrus. [Russ. morju.] 

MORSEL (mar'sel), n. 1. Bite or mouthful; 
small piece of food. 2. Small quantity. [O. 
Fr. morcel — L. morsus, bite.] 

MORTAL (mar'tal), I. a. 1. Liable to die. 2. 
Causing death; deadly; fatal. 3. Punishable 
with death. 4. Pertaining to mortals. II. n. 
Man; one subject to death. [L. mortalis — 
mors, death.] 

MORTALITY (mar-tal'i-ti), n. [pi. MORTALI- 
TIES.] 1. Condition of being mortal. 2. 
Death. 3. Frequency or number of deaths. 
4. Human race. 

MORTALLY (mar'tal-i), adv. 1. In a mortal 
manner; fatally. 2. Extremely. (Colloq.) 

MORTAR (mar'tar), n. 1. Vessel in which sub- 
stances are 
pounded with 
a pestle. 2. 
Piece of ord- 
nance, re- 
sembling a 
mortar, for 
throwing — ~~| 
shells, etc. 3. 
Cement of 
lime, sand, 
and water, 
trough.] 

MORTGAGE (mar'gaj), n. Conveyance of prop- 
erty, as security for a debt, on condition that 
if debt is duly paid the conveyance shall be 
void. [Fr. mort, dead, and gage, pledge.] 

MORTGAGE (mar'gaj), vt. [pr.p. MORTGA- 
GING;^*, and p.p. MORTGAGED (mar'gajd).] 
Grant or make over, as real or personal prop- 
erty, to secure a debt, on condition that if 
debt is duly paid conveyance shall be void. 

MORTGAGEE (mar-ga-je'), n. One to whom 
a mortgage is made or given. 

MORTGAGER (mar'ga-jer), MORTGAGOR 
(mar-ga-jar'), «. One who conveys property 
in pledge or mortgage. 

MORTIFICATION (mar-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Mortifying. 2. Being mortified. 3. Death 
of one part of an animal body. 4. Subjection 
of the passions and appetites. 5. Extreme 
vexation. 

SYN. Chagrin; shame; humiliation; an- 
noyance; disappointment. ANT. Delight; 
exultation; satisfaction; triumph. 

MORTIFY (mar'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. MOR'TDJYING; 
p.t. and p.p. MORTIFIED (mar'ti-fid).] 1. 
Destroy the vital functions of. 2. Deaden; 
subdue by severities. 3. Humble. [L.L. morti- 
fico — L. mors, death, and facto, make.] 

MORTISE (mar'tis), n. Cavity cut into a piece 
of timber to receive the tenon, the piece made 
to fit it. [Fr. mortaise.] 

MORTISE (mar'tis), vt. [pr.p. MOR'TISING; 
p.t. and p.p. MORTISED (mar'tist.] 1. Cut a 
mortise in. 2. Join by a mortise and tenon. 

MORTMAIN (mart'man), n. Transfer of prop- 



erty to a corporation, which is said to. be a 
dead hand, because it can never part with it 
again. [Fr. morte, dead, and main, hand.] 

MORTUARY (mar'tu-a-ri), I. a. Pertaining 
to the burial of the dead. II. n. 1. Burial- 
place. 2. Gift claimed by the minister of a 
parish on the death of a parishioner. [L. L. 
mortuarium.] 

MOSAIC (mo-za'ik), I. n. 
kind of work in which 
designs are formed by 
small pieces of colored 
marble, glass, etc., ce- 
mented on a ground of 
stucco, or inlaid upon 
metal. II. a. Relating 
to or composed of mo- 
saic. [Fr. mosaique — ■ 
Gr. mouseios, belong- 
ing to the Muses.] 

Mosaic (mo-za'ik), a. 

the Jewish lawgiver. 
MOSCOW (mos'kow),w. Second capital of Rus- 
sian Empire. 
MOSELLE (mo-zel'), n. River in France and 

Rhenish Prussia. 
MOSELLE (mo-zel'), n. White wine from the 

district of the Moselle, Germany. 
MOSLEM (moz'lem), I. n. Mussulman or 

Mohammedan. II. a. 

Mohammedans. [Ar. 

mit (to God).] 
MOSQUE (mosk), n. Mohammedan place of 

worship. [Sp. mezquita — Ar. masjid — sajada, 

bend, adore.] 




Mosaic. 



Pertaining to Moses, 



Of or belonging to the 
muslim — salama, sub- 




JUOi 



Mosque. 



MOSQUITO (mus-keto), n. [pi. MOSQUITOES.] 
Two-winged insect, having a sharp proboscis, 
with which it attacks men and animals, suck- 
ing their blood. [Sp., dim. of mosca, fly — L. 
musca ] 

Mosquito Coast. Part of Nicaragua. 

MOSS (mas), n. Family of cryptogamic plants 

with a branching stem and narrow, simple 

leaves. [A. S. meos.] 
MOSS (mas), vt. [pr.p. MOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

MOSSED (mast).] Cover with moss. 
MOSSBACK (mas'bak), n. 1. Old fish. 2. 

Person of antiquated views. (Colloq.) 
MOSSBUNKER (mas'bungk-er), n. Shad-like 

fish (Brevoortia tyrannus). See MENHADEN. 
MOSSINESS (mas'i-nes), w. Quality of being 

mossy. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, lih-ch in Scotch loch. 



.1 



MOSS-ROSE 



738 



MOTOR-CAR 




M OSS-ROSE (mas'rdz), n. Variety of rose hav- 
ing a moss-like growth on the calyx. 
MOSSY (mas'i), a. Overgrown or abounding 

with moss. 
MOST (most), I. a. [superl. of MANY.] Great- 
est; excelling in number. II. adv. In the 
highest degree. III. n. Greatest number or 
quantity. 
MOSTLY (most'li), adv. For the most part; 

chiefly. 
MOT (m6), n. 1. Witty remark. 2. Bugle 

note. [Fr.] 
MOTE (mot), n. Particle of dust; spot or speck; 

anything small. [A. S. mot.] 
MOTH (math), n. [pi. MOTHS (mafftz).] 
Family of insects like, 
butterflies, seen mostly 
at night. 2. Larva of 
this insect which gnaws 
cloth. 3. That which 
cats away gradually 
and silently. [A. S. 
moththe.] 
MOTH-EATEN (math'- 
et-n), a. Eaten or cut 
by moths. 
MOTHER (muth'er), I. 
n. 1. Female parent; 
matron. 2. That which 
has produced anything. 
II. a. 1. Received by birth, as 
from one's mother; 
part of a mother. 
modor.] 
MOTHER (muffc'er), vl. [pr.p. MOTHERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MOTHERED (muift'erd).] Act 
as a mother to; adopt as a son or daughter. 
MOTHER (muf7j/gr), n. Dregs or sediment, as of 

vinegar. [Akin to MUD.] 
MOTHERHOOD (muf/t'er-hod), n. 1. State 
of being a mother. 2. Qualities or duties of 
a mother. 
MOTHER-IN-LAW (mttf&'Sr-in-la), n. Mother 

of one's husband or wile. 
MOTHERLINESS (mutfc'er-li-nes), n. Quality 

of being like a mother. 
MOTHERLY (mufft'er-li), a. Pertaining to or 

resembling a mother; tender. 
MOTHER-OF-PEARL (mu*ft'er-ov-perl), n. In- 
ternal layer of the shells of several mollusks, 
especially of the pearl-oyster: used in inlaid 
work, and for making buttons, etc. 
MOTHERWORT (mu*7i'er-wurt), n. Labiate 

plant growing in waste places. 
MOTHER Y Cmuffc'er-i), a. Consisting of or 

like mother; as, mother vinegar. 
MOTHY (math 'I), a. Full of moths. 
MOTIF (mo-ten, w. 1. Dominant feature; 
theme. 2. Datum for intellectual action. [Fr.] 
MOTTLE (mo'til), I. a. Capable of or executing 
spontaneous or automatic motion. II. n. One 
in whose mind motor representations are 
predominant. [Fr.] 



Female. 

Silkworm Moths. 

it were 
natural. 2. Acting the 
3. Originating. [A. S. 



Quality of being 




Motion-picture 
Machine. 



3IOTILITY (mo-til'i-ti), ra. 

motile. 
3IOTION (mo'shun), n. 1. Act or state of mov- 
ing. 2. Single move- 
ment; change of pos- 
ture. 3. Gait. 4. Power 
of motion. 5. Proposal 
made, especially in an 
assembly. 6. Oral re- 
quest made to a court for 
an order. — Motion pic- 
ture, life-like animated 
picture thrown upon 
canvas by the bio graph or other similar ma- 
chine. [Ij.motio — moveo, move.] 
MOTION (mo'shun), v. [pr.p. MO'TIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. MOTIONED (mo'shund).] I. vt. 
Direct or guide by a gesture or sign. II. vi. 
Make a significant gesture for the purpose of 
directing or guiding. 
MOTIONLESS (mo'shun-les), a. Without mo- 
tion. 
MOTIVE (mo'tiv), I. a. Causing motion. II. 
n. Intent with which a thing is done. [Fr. 
motif — L. moveo, move.] 

SYN. Incentive; inducement; cause; 
reason; design; purpose; stimulus. ANT. 
Execution; action; effort; deed; deterrent; 
dissuasive. 
MOTIVITY (mo-tiv'i-ti), n. 1. Power of pro- 
ducing motion. 2. Quality of being influ- 
enced by motion. 
MOTLEY (mot'li), a. 1. Consisting of different 
colors. 2. Composed of various elements. 
[O. Fr. mattele, clotted.] 
MOTOGRAPH (mo'to-graf), n. Elec. Device 
by which the variation of the friction between 
two conductors in relative motion is dimin- 
ished periodically by the passage of a current 
from one to the other across the surface of 
contact. [L. motus, motion, and Gr. grapho, 
write.] 
MOTOPHONE (mo'to-fon), n, Sound-engine 
actuated by aerial sound-waves. [L. motus, 
motion, and Gr. phone, voice.] 
MOTOR (mii'tur), I. a. Giving or transmitting 
motion. II. n. 1. Mover; that which gives 
motion. 2. Apparatus for converting the 
energy of steam, gas, water, electricity, etc., 
into motive power, as an electric motor. [L. 
motus, p.p. of moveo, move.] 
MOTORBOAT (mo'tur-bot), n. Boat propelled 
. by electric or other motor. 




Motorboat. 
3IOTOR-BUS (md'tur-bus), n, 

pelled by its own motor. 
MOTOR-CAR (mo'tur-kar), n. 

own motor. 



Omnibus pro- 



Car carrying its 



fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch qude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



MOTORCYCLE 



739 



MOUSY 



MOTORCYCLE (mo'tur-si-kl), n. Bicycle pro- 
pelled by a motor. See AUTOCYCLE. 

MOTORDROME (mo'tur-drom), n. 1. Speedway 
for automobiles. 2. Circular, sloping race- 
course for motorcycles; stadium-motor- 
drome. 




Motordrome. 

MOTORING (mo'tur-ing), n. Act or practice of 
using an automobile or motorcycle. 

MOTORIST (mo'tur-ist), n. A chauffeur. 

MOTORITE (mo'tur-it), n. Explosive furnish- 
ing motive power for torpedoes. 

MOTORMAN (mo'tur-man), n. [pi. MOTOR- 
MEN.] Driver of an electric street car. 

MOTTLE (mot'l), vt. [pr.p. MOT'TLING; p.t. 
and p.p. MOTTLED (mot'ld).] Mark with 
spots of different colors; variegate. [From 
MOTLEY.] 

MOTTLED (mot'ld), a. Marked with spots of 
various colors, or shades of color. 

MOTTO (mot'6), n. [pi. MOTTOES (mot'oz).] 
1. Sentence or phrase expressive of some 
guiding principle or idea; maxim. 2. Phrase 
attached to a device. [It.] 

MOULD. Same as MOLD. 

MOULT. Same as MOLT. 

MOUND (mownd), w. Bank of earth or stone; 
hillock. [A. S. mund, defense.] 

MOUND (mownd), n. In heraldry, the represen- 
tation of a globe encircled 
with bands, and surmounted 
by a cross. [Fr. monde — L. 
mundus, the world.] 

MOUNT (mownt), n. 1. 
Mountain. 2. That upon 
which anything is fixed or 
mounted. 3. That on which 
one mounts; horse. [A. S. 
munt — L. mons, mountain.] 

MOUNT (mownt), v. [pr.p. 
MOUNTING; p.f. and p.p. 
MOUNTED.] I. vt. Raise 
aloft; climb; get upon, as a horse; put on 
horseback; put upon a support or something 
that fits for use; arrange or set in fitting 
order. II. vi. Project or rise up; be of great 
elevation. 

MOUNTAIN (mown'tin), n. 1. High hill. 2. 
Anything very large. II. a. Of or relating to 
a mountain; growing or dwelling on a moun- 
tain. [Fr. montagne — L. L. montana — L. mons, 
montis.] 

MOUNTAIN-ASH (mown 'tin-ash), n. The row- 
an tree, with bunches of red berries, common 
on the mountains. 

MOUNTAINEER (mown-tin-er'), n. 1. Inhabi- 




Mound. 



tant of a mountainous region. 2. One who 
climbs mountains. 
MOUNTAINOUS (mown'tin-us), a. 1. Full of 
mountains. 2. Large as a mountain; huge. 
MOUNTEBANK (mownt'e-bangk), n. Boastful 
pretender; quack; charlatan. [It. montam- 
banco — montare, mount, and banco, bench.] 
MOUNTER (mownt'er), One who mounts. 
MOUNTING (mownt'ing), n. 1. Act of mounting, 
as the setting of a gem, rising on high, etc. 
2. That which sets something off to advan- 
tage, supports it, or fits it for use. 
MOURN (morn), v. [pr.p. MOURN'ING; p.f. 
and p.p. MOURNED (mornd).] I. vt. Grieve 
for; lament; bewail; deplore. II. vi. 1. Ex- 
press or feel sorrow or grief. 2. Wear 
mourning. [A. S. murnan.] 
MOURNER (morn'er), n. 1. One who mourns. 

2. One who follows a funeral. 
MOURNFUL (morn'fQl), a. 1. Mourning. 2. 

Causing or expressing sorrow. 
MOURNFULLY (morn'fol-i), adv. In a mourn- 
ful manner. 
MOURNFULNESS (morn'fQl-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being mournful, j 
MOURNING (morn 'ing),[l. a. Grieving; lament- 
ing. II. n. 1. Act of expressing grief. 2. 
Dress of mourners. 3. Outward manifesta- 
tion of grief or sorrow. 
MOURNING-DOVE (morn'ing-duv), n. Species 
of American wild dove (Zenaidura macrura), 
so called from its plaintive note. 
MOURNINGL Y (morn'ing-li), adv. In a mourn- 
ing manner; with the appearance of sorrow. 
MOUSE (mows), n. [pi. 
MICE (mis).] Little ro- 
dent animal (JMus mus- 
culus) found in houses 
and in the fields.- — Har- 
vest mouse, a very small 
European field mouse 
(Mus minutus), which 
builds its globular nest 
on the stalks of grow- 
ing wheat or rye. [A. S. 
mils, pi. mys — root mus, 
steal. Cf. Ger. mausen, 
MOUSE (mowz), v. [pr.p. 

p.p. MOUSED (mowzd).] I. vi. Catch mice. II. 
vt. Watch for slily. 
MOUSER (mowz'er), n. A cat good at catching 

mice. 
MOUSE-TRAP (mows'trap), n. Trap for catch- 
ing mice. 
MOUSING (mowz'ing), I. a. Given to watching 
for or catching mice. II. n. 1. Act or practice 
of watching for or catching mice. 2. Naut. 
Ratchet-movement in a loom. 
MOUSTACHE (mus-tash'), n. Same as MUS- 
TACHE. 
MOUSY (mows'i), a. [comp. MOUS'IER; superl. 
MOUS'IEST.] 1. Of or resembling mice. 3. 
Infested with mice. 




Harvest Mouse. 

pilfer.] 

MOUSING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
n=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MOUTH 



740 



MUDDY 



MOUTH (raowth), n. [pi. MOUTHS (mowtfw).] 
1. Opening in an 
animal by which its m. 
food enters. 2. Cav- ^~ 4 
ity between lips and r. 
pharynx. 3. Open- 
ing or entrance, as ^.^ 
of a bottle, river, " 
etc. 4. Instrument 7'V- 
of speaking; speaker. 
[A. S. muth.] 



I. Base of brain cavity, bone. 2, 3 
and 4. Superior, middle and inferior 
turbinate bones. 5. Opening of lach- 
rymal duct. 6. Hard palate. 7. Tongue. 
8. Larynx. 9. Windpipe. 10. Esoph- 
agus. 11. Continuation of backbone. 
12. Epiglottis, just above the glottis, 
the slit between the vocal cords. 13. 
Uvula. 14. Opening of Eustachian tube. 




Vertical Section of 
Human Mouth and 
Adjoining Organs. 



MOUTH (mowffr), v. [pr.p. MOUTHING; p.t. 
and p.p. MOUTHED (mowtfid).] I. vt. Utter 
with a voice over-loud or swelling. II. vi. 
Make faces. 

MOUTHED (mowtht), a. Having a mouth. 

MOUTHFUL (mowth'fol), n. [pi. MOUTH'- 
FULS.] As much as fills the mouth; small 
quantity. 

MOUTHPIECE (mowth'pes), n. 1. Piece of a 
musical instrument for the mouth. 2. Open- 
ing in a vessel. 3. One who speaks for others. 

MOVABILITY (mov-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being movable. 

MOVABLE (mov'a-bl), I. a. 1. That may be 
moved, lifted, etc.; not fixed. 2. Changing 
from one time to another. II. n. Piece of 
property, not part of a real estate. 

MOVABLENESS (mov'a-bl-nes), n. Movabil- 
ity. 

MOVABLY (mov'a-bli), adv. In a movable 
manner or state. 

MOVE (raov), v. [pr.p. MOVING; p.t. and p.p. 
MOVED (movd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to change 
place or posture. 2. Set in motion; impel. 
3. Excite to action; persuade; instigate; 
arouse; provoke. 4. Touch the feelings of. 
5. Propose or bring before an assembly. II. 
vi. 1. Go from one place to another; change 
place or posture. 2. Begin to perform. 3. 
Change residence. 4. Make a motion, as 
in assembly. [Fr. mouvoir — L. moveo, move.] 

MOVE (mov), n. 1. Act of moving. 2. Act in 
carrying out a plan. 3. Movement, especially 
the changing of the place of a piece in chess 
or checkers. 

MOVEMENT (mov'ment), n. 1. Act or manner 
of moving. 2. Change of position. 3. Mo- 
tion of the mind; motion. 4. Wheelwork of 
a clock or watch. 5. Music. Motion of melody, 
or of parts; pace. 

MOVER (mov'gr), n. 1. One who moves or goes 
from one piace to another. 2. One who or 
that which sets in motion. 3. Proposer; as, 
the mover of a resolution in an assembly. 4. 



Person whose business is to move household 
goods. 

MOVING (moving), o. 1. Causing motion. 2. 
Changing position. 3. Affecting the feelings; 
pathetic. 

MOVINGLY (mov'ing-li), adv. So as to excite 
the feelings. 

MOW (mow), n. Pile of hay or grain laid up in 
a barn; also the place where stored. [A. S. 
muha, heap.] 

MOW (mo), v. [pr.p. MOWING; p.t. MOWED 
(mod); p.p. MOWN (mon).] I. vt. 1. Cut 
down, as grass or grain with a scythe or mow- 
ing-machine. 2. Cut down in great numbers. 
II. vi. Use a scythe or mowing-machine. [A. 
S. mdwan.] 

MOWED (mod), MOWN (mon), a. 1. Cut down. 
2. Clear of grass or grain. 

MOWER (mo'er), «. One who mows OP cuts 
grass; a mowing machine. 

MOWING (mo'ing), n. 1. Act of cutting down. 
2. Land from which grass is cut. 

MOZAMBIQUE (mo-zam-bek'), n. Northern 
part of Portuguese East Africa. 

MUCH (much), I. a. Great in quantity or ex- 
tent. II. adv. 1. To a great degree. 2. Far; 
nearly; frequently. III. n. 1. Great quantity. 
2. Great thing. [A. S. micel.] 

MUCILAGE (mu'si-laj), n. Solution of gum, 
used as an adhesive. [Fr. — L.L. mucilage, 
mold.] 

MUCILAGINOUS (mu-si-laj'i-nus), o. Of, per- 
taining to, like, or producing, mucilage. 

MUCK (muk), n. 1. Mass of decayed vegetable 
matter. 2. Anything low and filthy. [Ice. 
myki. — Dan. mog, dung.] 

MUCKINESS (muk'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being mucky. 

MUCK-RAKE (muk'rak), n. Rake for scraping 
together muck or filth. 

MUCK- WORM (muk'wurm), n. Larva of a 
scarabaeid beetle found in dung-heaps. 

MUCKY (muk'i), a. Full of muck or filth. 

MUCOUS (mu'kus), a. 1. Like mucus; viscous. 
2. Secreting mucus. 

MUCUS (mu'kus), n. 1. Slimy fluid on the Inte- 
rior canals of the body to moisten and protect 
them. 2. Any viscid animal fluid. 3. Gum- 
my substance in certain plants. [L.] 

MUD (mud), n. Wet, soft earth; mire. (Cf. L. 
Ger. tnurr, mud.] 

MUDDILY (mud'i-li), adv. In a muddy manner. 

MUDDINESS (mud'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being muddy. 

MUDDLE (mud'l), v. [pr.p. MUD'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. MUDDLED (mud 'Id).] I. vt. 1. Ren- 
der muddy or foul, as water. 2. Make a mess 
of. 3. Confuse, especially with liquor. II. 
vi. 1. Become muddy. 2. Act in a con- 
fused manner. 

MUDDY (mud'l), a. [comp. MUDDIER; superl. 
MUD'DIEST.] l. Foul with mud; containing 
mud; covered with mud. 2. Confused; stupid. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u In Scotch gudt; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



MUDDY 



741 



MULTI PINNATE 



MUDDY (mud'i), vt. [pr.p. MUD'DYING; p.t. 

and p.p. MUDDIED (mud 'id).] 1. Cover with 

mud; dirty. 2. Bender confused; muddle. 
MUDSILL (mud'sil), n. Ground sill of a structure. 
MUEZZIN (mu-ez'in), n. Attendant of a minaret 

who cries out the hours of prayer. [Ar.] 
MUFF (muf), n. Warm, soft cover for the hands 

in winter, usually of fur or dressed skin. [Cf. 

Ger. muff,] 
MUFF (muf), n. 1. Bungling performance* 2. 

Stupid, silly fellow; bungler. 
MUFF (muf), vt. [pr.p. MUFFING; p.t. and p.p. 

MUFFED (muft).] Perform clumsily; in base- 
ball to fail to hold a thrown or batted ball 

that strikes the hands squarely. 
MUFFIN (muf 'in), n. Light, spongy cake. 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
MUFFLE (muf'l), vt. [pr.p. MUF'FLING; p.t. 

and p.p. MUFFLED (muf'ld).] 1. Wrap up 

as with a muff. 2. Cover up so as to render 

sound dull; deaden the sound of. [Fr. 

moufler.] 
MUFFLE (muf'l), n. Thick naked upper lip and 

nose, as of a ruminant. [Ger.] 
MUFFLE (muf'l), vi. [pr.p. MUF'FLING; p.t. 

and p.p. MUFFLED (muf'ld).] Mumble. 

[Imitative.] 
MUFFLEB (muf'ler), n. 1. Wrap for the face 

and neck. 2. Any apparatus or device used 

for deadening sound, as the muffler of an 

automobile. 
MUFTI (mufti), n. Doctor or official expounder 

of Mohammedan law. [Ar.] 
MUG (mug), n. Kind of earthen or metal 

drinking cup. [Ir. mugan.] 
MUGGY (mug'i), a. [comp. MUGGIER; superl. 

MUG'GIEST.] Close and damp. [Ice. mugga, 

dark, thick weather.] 
MUGWUMP (mug'wump), n. One who acts 

independently of party in politics; independ- 
ent voter. [N. A. Indian mugquomp, leader.] 
MULATTO (mu-lat'6), n. [pi. MULAT TOES; 

fern. MULAT'TBESS.] Offspring of one black 

and one white parent. [Sp. mulato — mulo, 

mule.] 
MULBEBBT (mul'ber-i), n. 

leaves of which silkworms 

feed. 2. Berry of the tree. 

[L. morum.] 
MULCH (mulch), n. Loose 

straw, etc., spread between 

plants to keep the soil moist. 
MULCT (mulkt), n. Fine or 

penalty. [L. mulcta.] 
SYN. Penalty; forfeit; 

forfeiture; amercement. 

ANT. Bonus; premium. 
MULCT (mulkt), vt. [pr.p. 

MULCTING; p.t. and p.p. 

MULCT'ED.] Punish with a fine or forfeiture. 
MULE (mul), n. 1. Offspring of a mare and an 

ass. 2. Instruments for cotton-spinning. 3. 

Obstinate person. [L. mulus.~\ 



Tree, on the 




Black Mulberry 

(Morus nigra). 



One who drives 



II. n. Horn- 




Mullet (Mugil cephalua). 



MULETEEB (mu-le-ter'), n. 

mules. 
MULEY (mul'i), I. a. Hornless. 

less cow; any cow. 
MULISH (mu'lish), a. Like a mule; sullen; ob- 
stinate. 
MULISHLY (mu'llsh-li), adv. In a mulish man- 
ner. 
MULISHNESS (mu'lish-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being mulish. 
MULL (mul), vt. [pr.p. MULLING; p.t. and p.p. 

MULLED (muld).] Warm, spice, and sweeten, 

as wine, ale, etc. 
MULL (mul), n. Thin, soft cotton fabric. 
MULLEIN, MULLEN (mul'en), w. Tall herb 

with coarse, woolly leaves and spikes of 

flowers. [A. S. molegn.'] 
MULLEB (mul'er), n. 1. Glass pestle for mixing 

paints. 2. Mechanical pulverizer. 
MULLET (mul'et), n. Fish nearly cylindrical in 

form, highly es- 
teemed for the 

table. [Fr. mulet 

— L. mullus.] 
MULLION (muT- 

yun), n. Upright 

division between 

the lights of windows, etc., in a Gothic arch. 

[Corrup. of MUNNION.] 
MULLIGATAWNY (mul-i-ga-ta'ni), n. Soup 

made of meat or fowl and curry powder. 

[Tamil.] 
MULLION (mul'yun), vt. [pr.p. MUL'LIONING; 

p.t. and p.p. MULLIONED (mul'yund).] Shape 

into divisions by mullions. 
MULT-, MULTI-, prefix. Denoting many; mani- 
fold; frequent. [L.] 
MULTIFABIOUS (mul-tl-fa'ri-us), a. Having 

great diversity; manifold. [L. multus^ many, 

and varius, diverse.] 
MULTIFABIOUSLY (mul-ti-fa'ri-us-li), adv. 

In a multifarious manner or state. 
MULTIFOBM (multi-farm), a. Having many 

forms. 
MULTIFOBMITY (mul-ti-farm'i-ti), n. Quality 

or state of being multiform. 
MULTILATEBAL (mul-ti-lat'er-al), a. Having 

many sides. 
MULTILINE AL (mul-ti-lin'e-al), a. Having 

many lines. 
MULTIMILLIONAIBE (mul-ti-mil-yun-ar'), n. 

Person possessing two or more millions of 

dollars, pounds, francs, etc. [MULTI- and 

MILLIONAIRE.] 
MULTIPABOUS (mul-tip'a-rus), a. Producing 

many young at one birth. [L. pareo, bear.] 
MULTIPABTITE (mul-ti-par'tit), a. Having 

many parts. 
MULTIPED (mul'ti-ped), n. Insect having many 

feet. 
MULTIPINNATE (mul-ti-pin'at), a. Bot. Many 

times pinnate. Used of compound leaves the 

pinnae of which are themselves pinnate, etc. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c4 in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



MULTI PLANE 



742 



MUNNION 



MULTIPLANE (mul'ti-plan), I. a. 1. Having 
several plane surfaces. 2. Of or pertaining 
to a multiplane. II. n. Aeroplane having 
more than four planes or supporting surfaces. 




Multiplane. 
MULTIPLE (mul'ti-pl), I. a. Having many 
parts; repeated many times. II. n. Number 
or quantity which contains another an exact 
number of times (without a remainder). 
[L. — multus, many, and plico, fold.] 
MULTIPLEX (mul'ti-pleks), a. 1. Manifold; 
multiple. 2. Bot. Having the petals lying 
over each other in folds. 3. Elec. Pertain- 
ing to any system of telegraphy transmitting 
more than four messages simultaneously 
over a single wire. [L.] 
MULTIPLIABLE (mul'ti-pli-a-bl), a. Capable 

of being multiplied. 
MULTIPLICAND (mul'ti-pli-kand), n. Quan- 
tity to be multiplied by another. 
MULTIPLICATION (mul-ti-pli-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of multiplying. 2. Operation by which 
a given number or quantity is multiplied. 
MULTIPLICITY (mul-ti-plis'i-ti), n. 1. State 
of being multiplied or various. 2. Great 
number. 
MULTIPLIER (mul'ti-pli-er), n. 1. One who or 
that which multiplies or increases. 2. Num- 
ber or quantity by which another is multiplied. 
3. Device to increase a power, as electricity, etc. 
MULTIPLY (mul'ti-pli), v. [pr.p. MULTIPLY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. MULTIPLIED (mul'ti- 
plid).] I. vt. 1. Make more numerous. 2. 
Repeat (a number or quantity) as often as an- 
other number indicates. II. vi. Increase. 
[See MULTIPLE.] 
MULTITUDE (mul'ti-tud), n. Great number of 

individuals; crowd. [L. multitudo.] 
.MULTITUDINOUS (mul-ti-tu'di-nus), a. Con- 
sisting of, or having the appearance of, a mul- 
titude. 
MULTOSTAT (mul'to-stat), n. Apparatus which 
provides electric currents for motor power, 
light, cautery, etc. 
MUM (mum), I. a. Silent. II. n. Silence. 

III. inter}. Be silent. [Imitative.] 
MUM (mum), n. Kind of sweet, thick beer made 
In Brunswick, Germany. 



MUMBLE (mum'bl), v. [pr.p. MUMBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. MUMBLED (mum'bld).] I. vt. 
1. Utter indistinctly or imperfectly. 2. 
Mouth gently. II. vi. 1. Speak indistinctly; 
mutter. 2. Chew softly in the manner of a 
toothless person. 

MUMBLE (mumbl), n. A mutter. 

MUMBLER (mum'bler), n. One who mumbles. 

MUMM (mum), vi. [pr.p. MUMMING; p.t. and 
p.p. MUMMED (mumd).] 3Iask; make diver- 
sion in disguise. 

MUMMER (mum'er), n. Masker; buffoon. 

MUMMERY (mum'er-i), n. Hypocritical pa- 
rade. 

MUMMY (mum'i), n. [pi. MUMMIES.] Dead 
body preserved by the Egyptian art of em- 
balming. [Ar. and Pers. mumayim, mummy 
— Pers. mum, wax.] 




Mummy Case. 

3IUMPISH (mumpish), a. Dull; sullen. 

MUMPS (mumps), n.pl. 1. Swelling of the 
glands of the neck, accompanied with diffi- 
culty of speaking. 2. Fit of sullenness. 
[From MUM.] 

MUNCH (munch), vt. and vi. [pr.p. MUNCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. MUNCHED (muncht).] Chew 
with shut mouth. [Fr. manger, eat.] 

MUNDANE (mun'dan), a. Belonging to the 
earth; terrestrial. [L. mundanus — mundus, 
world.] 

3IUNDIC (mun'dik), n. Same as PYRITES. 

MUNICH (mu'nik), n. City, capital of Bavaria, 
Germany. 

MUNICIPAL (mu-nis'i-pal), a. Pertaining to an 
incorporated town or city. [L. municipium, 
free town — munia, official duties, and capio, 
take.] 

MUNICIPALITY (mu-nis-i-pali-ti), n. [pi. 
MUNICIPALITIES.] Incorporated city, town, 
or borough. 

MUNIFICENCE (mu-nif i-sens) , n. Bountiful- 
ness. [L. munificentia — munus, duty, pres- 
ent, and facio, make.] 

SYN. Bounteousness; bounty; generos- 
ity; liberality; benevolence. ANT. Beg- 
garliness; niggardliness. 

MUNIFICENT (mu-nifi-sent), a. Generous. 

MUNIFICENTLY (mu-nif'i-sent-li), adv. In a 
munificent manner; generously. 

3IUNIMENT (mu'ni-ment), n. That which forti- 
fies or defends; record fortifying a claim. [L. 
munimentum — munio, fortify — mmnia, walls.] 

MUNITION (mu-nish'un), n. Materials used in 
war. [L. munitio, fortification.] 

MUNNION (mun'yun), n. Naut. Piece of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ka=ch in Scotch loch. 



MUNSTER 



743 



MUSEOGEAPHY 



carved work which divides the lights in a win- 
dow in a vessel's stern or quarter gallery. 
[Fr. moignon, stump.] 

MuNSTER (mun'ster), n. Province in S.W. of 
Ireland. 

M UNSTER (mun'ster), n. Capital of Westpha- 
lia, Prussia. 

MURAL (mu'ral), a. Pertaining to, or like a 
wall; steep. [L. murus, wall.] 

MURDER (mur'der), n. The unlawful killing 
of a human heing by a person of sound mind, 
with premeditated malice. [A. S. morthor.] 

MURDER (mur'der), vt. [pr.p. MURDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MURDERED (mur'derd).] 1. 
Kill (a human heing) unlawfully and with 
malice aforethought. 2. Put to death in a 
cruel or barbarous manner. 3. Put an end 
to. 4. Abuse grossly; ruin or mar by false 
pronunciation, execution, etc.; as, to murder 
the King's English. 

MURDERER (mur'der-er), n. [fern. MUR'DER- 
ESS.] One who commits murder. 

MURDEROUS (miir'der-us), a. 1. Guilty of 
murder; consisting in, or fond of, murder. 2. 
Deadly. 

MURDEROUSLY (mur'der-us-li), adv. In a 
murderous manner. 

MuREX (mu'reks), n. 1. Genus of marine 
carnivorous Molltisca, from one species of 
which a purple dye was formerly obtained. 
2. Mollusk of this genus. [L., purple fish.] 

MURIATIC (mu-ri-at'ik), a. Pertaining to, or 
obtained from, sea-salt; hydrochloric. [L. 
muria, brine.] 

MURKILY (murk'i-li), adv. In a murky manner. 

MURKINESS (murk'i-nes), n. . Quality or state 
of being murky. 

MURKY (murk'i), a. [comp. MURK'IER; superl. 
MURK'IEST.] Gloomy; dark. [A. S. mure] 

MURMUR (mur'mur), n. 1. Low, indistinct 
sound, like that of running water. 2. Com- 
plaint in a low, muttering voice. [L., imita- 
tive.] 

MUR3IUR (mur'mur), v. [pr.p. MURMURING; 
p.t. and p.p. MURMURED (mur'murd).] I. 
vt. Mutter. II. vi. 1. Make a murmur. 2. 
Grumble; complain. 

MURMURER (mur'inur-er), n. One who mur- 
murs. 

MURMURING (mur'mur-ing), a. Making a 
low continuous noise. 

MURMUROUS (mur'mur-us), a. Attended with 
murmurs; exciting murmur. 

MURRAIN (mur'in or mur'an), n. 1. Cattle 
plague. 2, Foot and mouth disease. [O. 
Fr. morine, dead carcass — L. morior, die.] 

MUSCADEL (mus'ka-del), MUSCADINE (mus'- 
ka-din), MUSCAT (mus'kat), MUSCATEL 
(mus'ka.-tel), n. 1. Rich, spicy wine. 2. 
Grape producing it. 3. Fragrant and delicious 
pear. 4. Sun-dried raisin made from the mus- 
cadel grape. [It. moscatello, dim. of muscato, 
smelling like musk — L. tnuscus, musk.] 



MUSCLE (mus'l), n, 
body the contrac- 
tion of which 
produces mo- 
tion. Physical 
strength. [L. 
musculus, dim. 
of mus, mouse, 
from its appear- 
ance as if creep- 
ing under the 
skin.] 

MUS CLE, MUSSEL 
(mus'l), n. Ma- 
rine bivalve shell- 
fish, used for 
lood.[A.S.muxle; 
Ger. muschel; Fr 



1. Fleshy part in an animal 




Muscles of Head and Face. 

1. Auricularis ant. 2. Frontalis. 




Muscovy Ducks (Cairina mo- 
schata) . 



Orbicularis palpebrarum. 4. Pyramidalis 
nasi. 5. Levator labii sup. alaeque nasi. 
moule. All from 6. Levator labii proprius. 7. Compressor 
T, tnu.'idJ.JlJ.v ~\ naris - 8 * Levator anguli oris. 9- Zygo- 

■mm ™U*>LUIUS.\ maticus minor. 10. Zygomatics major. 

MUSCOVITEll. Orbicularis oris. 12. Masseter. 13. 
., ,, . _ . N T Depressor anguli oris. 14. Depressor labii 

(niUS kO-Vlt), I. j n f. 15 . Risorius. 16. Platysma. 17. Tra- 
n. Inhabitant Of P ezius - 18. Scalenus posterior. 19. Le- 
vator scapuli. 20. Sterno mastoid. 21. 
3IUSCOVy Or RUS- Splenius. 22. Auricularis posterior. 23. 
sia II a Per- O cci Pi talis - 24 - Auricularis superior. 

taining to Muscovy; Russian. 

MUSCOVY-DUCK (mus'ko-vi-duk), n. OrnitJi. 
Duck original- 
ly a native of 
tropical Amer- 
ica where it is 
known as the 
musk-duck 
or m o s s - 
duck, owing to 
its principal 
food being a 
peculiar kind 
of fragrant moss (musco). It is now thor- 
oughly domesticated all over the world, and 
noted for its red caruncles about the head and 
eyes. [Sp. musco, moss musk, and DUCK.] 

MUSCULAR (mus'ku-lar), a. 1. Pertaining 
to muscles. 2. Having strong well-developed 
muscles; brawny. 

MUSCULARITY (mus-ku-lar'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being muscular. 

MUSE (muz), v. [pr.p. MUSING; p.t. and p.p. 
MUSED (muzd).] I vt. Meditate upon; 
ponder. II. vi. Give one's self ixp to thought; 
meditate. [Fr. muser, sniff about — O. Fr. 
muse, snout.] 

SYN. Reflect; contemplate; cogitate. 
ANT. Act; stir; move. 

MUSE (muz), n. I. One of the nine classic dei- 
ties, patronesses of the liberal arts. 2. In- 
spiring power of poetry, personified. [Gr. 
mousa, prob. — mad, invent.] 

MUSEOGRAPHER (mu-ze-og'ra-fer), MUSE- 
OGRAPHIST (mu-ze-og'ra-fist),«. One skilled 
in museography; one who classifies objects 
in a museum. 

MUSEOGRAPHY (mu-ze-og'ra-fi), n. Ait of 



: 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; unite, hut, burn* 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



MUSEOLOGY 



744 



MUSIC-HOUSE 



classifying and describing the objects in a 
museum. [MUSEUM and -GRAPHY.] 

MUSEOLOGY (mu-ze-ol'o-ji), n. Science of 
arranging and managing museums. [MU- 
SEUM and -OLOGY.] 

MUSER (mu'zer), n. One who muses. 

MUSETTE (mu-zef), n. 1. Kind of small oboe. 
2. Old French bagpipe. 3. A simple pastoral 
melody. [Fr.] 




Chinese Musette 



3IUSEUM (mu-ze'um), n. Collection of natural, 
scientific, or other curiosities, or of works of 
art; also building containing such collection. 
[L. — Gr. mouseion, temple of the Muses.] 

MUSH (mush), n. Indian meal boiled in water. 
[Prob. akin to E. MASH.] 

MUSHROOM (mush'rbm), I. n. 1. Edible 
fungus, wild or cultivated in rich soil and in 
the dark. 2. Any toadstool. 3. One who rises 
rapidly from a low condition; upstart. II. a. 
1. Of, pertaining to, or made of mushrooms. 
3. Of rapid growth and short duration. [Fr. 
mousscron — mousse, moss.] 




Cultivated Mushrooms (Agaricus cam- 
pestris). 

MUSIC (mu'zik), n. 1. Combination of sounds 
pleasing to the ear; melody or harmony. 2. 
Science which treats of harmony. 3. Art of 
combining sounds so as to please the ear. 4. 
Musical composition. 5. Written or printed 
notation of a musical composition. [Gr. 
mousike (techne, art) — Mousa, Muse.] 

Principal Musical Signs and Notation. 



Staff. 



Single Bar. Double Bar. 



_ _j • __ • 



Stave. 



Repeat. 




c=± 



Treble and Bass Clefs. Sharp. 



Flat. 



e§ 



m 



S2'= 

Ledger Lines: Short lines above or below the staff. 

VI % V& VMzVm 



m 



as- g> m 



% 




^ whole. Notes. 



Yz V4 Yb- 'Me %z'Ve4 



jm» 5=JL 



I 



Double- . 
Whole. 



-Oit- 



6£ 



&££ 



Common Time. 



Other kinds. 

Time. 



3IUSICAL (mu'zik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or 
producing music. 2. Pleasing to the ear; 
melodious. 3. Talented for music. — Musical 
clock, a clock which plays tunes at the hours. 

MUSICALE (mu-zi-kal'), n. Private musical 
entertainment; informal concert. [Fr.] 

MUSICALLY (mu'zik-al-i), adv. In a musical 
manner. 

MUSICALNESS (mu'zik-al-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being musical. 

MUSIC-BOOK (mu'zik-bok), n. Book contain- 
ing music for the voice or instruments. 

MUSIC-BOX (mu'zik-boks), MUSICAL-BOX 
(mu'zik-al-boks), n. Case containing a 
mechanism contrived, when the spring is 
wound up, to produce melodies. 

MUSIC-CASE (mu'zik-kas), n. 1. Roll or folio 
for carrying sheet music. 2, Case or cabinet 
for holding music. 

MUSIC-HALL (mu'zik-hal), n. Public hall for 
musical entertainments, especially when va- 
ried by dancing, variety performances, etc., 
often with concomitant smoking and drinking. 

MUSIC-HOUSE (mu'zik-hows), ». Firm deal- 
ing in music or musical instruments. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



MUSICIAN 



745 



MUSTER 




Bagabo (P. I.) Mu- 
sicians. 



MUSICIAN (mu-zish'an), n. One skilled in 
music; performer of mu- 
sic. TFr. musicien.] 

MUSING (mu'zing), I. 
a. Meditative; absent- 
minded. II. n. Medi- 
tation; reverie. 

MUSINGLY (mu'zing-li), 
adv. In a musing man- 
ner. 

MUSK (musk), n. 1. Strong 
perfume, obtained from 
the male musk-deer. 2. 
Hornless deer, in Tibet 
and Nepaul, secreting 
musk in bags behind the 
navel. [Fr. muse] 

MUSK (musk), vt. [pr.p. MUSK'ING; p.t. and p. 
p. MIISKED (muskt).] Perfume with musk. 

MUSKALLONGE (mus'ka-lonj), MUSKEL- 
LUNGE (mus'ke-lunj), n. Largest fish of 
the pike kind, inhabiting the great fresh-water 
lakes of North America. [Algonkian maski- 
nongc — mas, great, and kinonge, pickerel.] 

MUSK- APPLE (musk'ap-1), n. Apple having a 
musky smell. 

MUSK-CAT (musk'kat), n. Civet-cat. 

MUSK-DEER (musk'der), n. Hornless deer, 
native of Central Asia, which produces the 
perfume called musk. 

MUSK-DUCK (musk'duk), n. Muscovy-duck, 
so called from its food. See MUSCOVY-DUCK. 

MUSKELLUNGE (mus'ke-lunj), n. Same as 
MUSKALLONGE. 

MUSKET (mus'ket), n. Former common hand 
gun of soldiers. [O. Fr. mousquet.] 

MUSKETEER (mus-ket-er'), n. Soldier armed 
with a musket. 

MUSKETRY (mus'ket-ri), n. 1. Muskets. 2. 
Practice with muskets. 

MUSKINESS 
(musk'i-nes), 
n. Quality or 
state of being 
musky. 

MUSKMELON 
(m usk'mel° 
un), n. Juicy 
edible fruit of 
a trailing herb 
(Cucumis me- 
lo) y or the plant 
itself. The fruit Muskmelon. 

varies in color and size, and in the character 
of the rind. In some varieties the rind is 
smooth and thin ; in others it is thin and watery, 
and cracked in a net-like manner. The flesh, 
too, is sometimes yellow, sometimes green, 
and sometimes red. It is usually eaten at 
dessert, either with or without sugar or salt. 

MUSK-MOLE (musk'mol), n. Insectivorous 
quadruped (Scaptochivus moschatus), resem- 
bling the common mole. 




MUSK-OX (musk'oks), n. Small animal of the 
ox family inhabiting Arctic America, the 
flesh of which has a strong musky smell. 




American ani- 




Musk-ox. 



MUSKRAT (musk'rat), 

mal of the shrew 

family (Fiber zibe- 

thicus), whose skin 

has a strong musky 

odor. 
MUSK-ROSE (musk'-j 

roz), n. Species of! 

rose (Rosa moschata) , 

so called from its 

musk-like fragrance. 
MUSKY (musk'i), a. Having the odor of musk. 
MUSLIN (muz'lin), ». Thin cotton cloth. 

[Fr. mousseline — Mosul in Mesopotamia.] 
MUSS (mus), n. 1. Disturbance; wrangle. 2. 

Confusion; disorder. [O. Fr. mouscJie, fly.] 
MUSS (mus), vt. [pr.p. MUSSING; p.t. and p.p. 

MUSSED (must).] 1. Put into a state of con- 
fusion; rumple; disarrange. 2. Mess; daub. 

3. Squabble; wrangle. 
MUSSEL (mus'l), n. Marine and fresh-water 

bivalve mollusk. [A. S. muxle] 

Mussulman (mus'ui-man), n. [pi. Mussul- 
mans (mus'ul-manz).] Mohammedan. [Ar. 
tnoslemuna, pi. of moslem.] 

MUSSY (mus'i), a. [comp. MUSS'IER; superl. 
MUSS'IEST.] Disordered; rumpled; messed. 

MUST (must), vi. (A defective verb, without 
inflection; used as an auxiliary.) Be obliged 
physically or morally. t-l.S. mot, moste.] 

MUST (must), n. 1. Wine pressed from the 
grape, but not fermented. 2. Mustiness. 
[A. S. — L. mustum, mustus, new, fresh.] 

3IUST (must), v. [pr.p. MUST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. MUST'ED.] I. vt. Make musty. II. vi. 
Become musty. 

MUSTACHE (mus-tash'), n. Beard upon the 
upper lip. [Fr. moustache — Gr. mystax, up- 
per lip.] 

aiUSTANG (mus'tang), n. Wild horse of the 
plains of Texas, Mexico, etc. [Sp. mestefio.] 

MUSTARD (mus'tard), n. 1. Plant with a pun- 
gent taste. 2. Its seed ground and used as a 
condiment. [O. Fr. moustarde — L. mustum, 
must, originally used in preparing it.] 

MUSTER (mus'ter), v. [pr.p. MUSTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MUSTERED (mus'terd).] I. vt. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buT*- 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



MUSTEK 



746 



MYSTERY 



1. Assemble in array, as troops for duty or 
inspection. 2. Summon (with up) ; exhibit: 
show. II. vi. Be assembled. [O. Fr. mos- 
trer — L. monstro, show.] 

MUSTER (mus'ter), n. 1. Assembling of troops. 

2. Inspection; register of troops mustered; 
examination. 3. Display; show. — Pass mus- 
ter, pass inspection uncensured. 

MUSTINESS (must'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being musty. 

MUSTY (must'i), a. Moldy; spoiled by damp; 
sour; foul. 

MUTABILITY (mu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being mutable. 

MUTABLE (mu'ta-bl), a. Subject to change. 
[L. mutabilis — muto, change.] 

SYN. Inconstant; changeable; change- 
ful; mobile; transient; ephemeral. ANT. 
Unchanging; permanent; changeless; im- 
mutable. 

MUTABLENESS (mu'ta-bl-nes), n. Mutability. 

MUTATION (mu-tashun), n. Change. 

MUTE (mut), I. a. Incapable of speaking; 
dumb; silent; unpronounced. II. n. 1. One 
who cannot or does not speak. 2. Letter 
which is not pronounced, as I in calm. 3. 
Letter which cannot be pronounced without 
the aid of a vowel, as p, 6, t, d, k, g. 4. Device 
to soften the tone of an instrument. [L. mu» 
tus.] 

MUTELY (mut'li), adv. In a mute manner; 
silently. 

MUTENESS (mut'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being mute. 

MUTILATE (mu'ti-lat), vt. [pr.p. MU'TILA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. MU'TILATED.] 1. Maim. 
2. Remove a material part of. [L. tnutilo — 
mutilus, maimed.] 

3IUTILATION (mu-ti-la'shun), n. Act of mu- 
tilating or state of being mutilated. 

MUTINEER (mu-ti-ner'), n. One guilty of 
mutiny. 

MUTINOUS (mu'ti-nus), a. Disposed to mutiny; 
seditious. 

MUTINOUSLY (mu'ti-nus-li), adv. In a mu- 
tinous manner. 

MUTINY (mu'ti-ni), n. [MU'TINIES.] Con- 
certed insurbordination. [Fr. mutiner — meute 
— L. motus, motion, rising.] 

SYN. Disaffection; revolt; insurrection; 
sedition; rebellion; revolution. ANT. Loy- 
alty; obedience; submission; fidelity; faith- 
fulness; constancy; devotion. 

MUTINY (mu'ti-ni), vi. [pr.p. MUTINYING; 
p.t. and p.p. MUTINIED (mu'ti-nid).] Excite 
or be guilty of mutiny. 

MUTTER (muter), v. [pr.p. MUTTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. MUTTERED (mut'erd).] I. vt. 
Utter indistinctly. II. vi. 1. Utter words in 
a low voice; murmur. 2. Emit a low rum- 
bling sound. [Imitative.] 

MUTTER (mut'er), n. Low, indistinct utterance; 
a grumble. 



MUTTERER (mut'er-er), n. One who mutters. 
3IUTTON (mut'n), n. Flesh of sheep. [Fr. 

mouton, sheep.] 
MUTUAL (mu'tu-al), a. Reciprocal; given and 
received. [Fr. mutuel — L. mutuus — muto, 
change, exchange.] 
MUTUALITY (mu-tu-al'i-ti), n. Quality or 

state of being mutual. 
MUTUALLY (mu'tu-al-i), adv. In a mutual 

manner; reciprocally. 
MUZZLE (muz'l), n. 1. Mouth and nose of 

an animal; snout. 2. Cage for the mouth to 

prevent biting. 3. Mouth of a gun, etc. [O. 

Fr. musel (Fr. museau) — L. morsus, bite.] 
MUZZLE (muz'l), vt. [pr.p. MUZ'ZLING; p.t. and 

p.p. MUZZLED (muz 'Id).] 1. Put a mouth- 
cage or muzzle on. 2. Silence. 
MY (mi), poss. pron. Belonging to me. 
MYNHEER (min-har' or min-her'), n. Dutch 

title corresponding to the English Mr. or 

sir. [Dut. mijn heer.] 
MYOGRAPHY (mi-og'ra-fi), n. Description of 

muscles and their action. [Gr. mys, muscle, 

and grapho, write.] 
MYOPIA (mi-6'pi-a), MYOPY (mi'o-pi), n. 

Near-sightedness. [Gr. myo, close, and ops, 

eye.] 
MYOPIC (mi-op'ik), a. Relating to myopia; 

short-sighted. 
MYRIAD (mir'i-ad), n. 1. Ten thousand. 2. Any 

immense number. [Gr. myrias.] 
MYRIAPOD (mir'i-a-pod), n. Worm-shaped 

articulate animal with many jointed legs. 
[Gr. myrios, numberless, and pons, foot.] 
MYRMIDON (mer'mi-don), n. 1. One of a 

tribe of fierce warriors under King Achilles. 

2. [m-] One of a ruffianly band under a 

daring leader. [Gr.] 
MYRRH (mer), n. Bitter, aromatic, transparent 

gum, exuded from the bark of a shrub in Ara- 
bia. [Gr. myrrha — Ar. murr — marra, be bitter.] 
MYRTLE (mer'tl), n. Evergreen shrub with 

beautiful shining leaves and 

fragrant white flowers. [Gr. 

myrtos.] 
MYSELF (mi-self or me-self), 

pron. I or me, in person — 

used (1) for the sake of em- 
phasis and (2) instead of me 

with reflexive verbs. 
MYSTERIOUS (mis-te'ri-us), 

a. Containing mystery; ob- 
scure; incomprehensible. 
MYSTERIOUSLY (mis-te'ri- 

us-li), adv. In a mysterious 

manner. 
MYSTERIOUSNESS (mis-te'- 

ri-us-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being mysterious. 
MYSTERY (mis'ter-i), n. [pi. 

MYSTERIES.] 1. Anything 

very obscure. 2. That which 

is beyond human comprehension. 




Myrtle {Myrtus 
communis). 



3. Se- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch,. 



3IYSTERY 



747 



MYZORHYNCHUS 






cret religious rite. [Gr. mysterion — mystes, 
one initiated — tnyo, close the eyes.] 
MYSTERY (mis'ter-i), n. [pi. MYSTERIES.] 
1. Trade; handicraft. 2<, Kind of rude drama 
of a religious nature, performed by craftsmen. 
[O. Fr„ mestier, trade (Fr. metier) — L. min- 
isterium.] 

MYSTIC (mis'tik), MYSTICAL (mis'tik-al), a. 
1. Relating to or containing mystery. 2. 
Belonging to mysticism. [See MYSTERY.] 

MYSTIC (mis'tik), ». One of a sect professing 
belief in direct intercourse with the Spirit of 
God. 

MYSTICALLY (mis'tik-al-i), adv. In a mystical 
manner, 

MYSTICALNESS (mis'tik-al-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being mystical. 

MYSTICETE (mis-ti-se'te), n.pl. Suborder of 
Cetacea embracing the balanoid whales or 
whalebone-whales. [Gr. mystax, upper lip, and 
kite, pi. of ketos, whale.] 

MYSTICISM (mis'ti-sizm), n. 1. Doctrine of the 
mystics. 2. Obscurity. 

MYSTIFICATION (mis-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Act of mystifying. 2. That which mystifies. 

MYSTIFICATOR (mis'ti-fi-ka-tur), n. One 
who mystifies. 

MYSTIFY (mis'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. MYSTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. MYSTIFIED (mis'ti-Hd).] 1. 
Make obscure or unintelligible; involve in 
mystery. 2. Puzzle; hoodwink; fool. [Fr. 
mystifier — Gr. mystes, one initiated, and L. 
facio, make.] 

MYTH (mith), n. 1. Ancient fabulous legend 
founded on a remote event or on a phenom- 
enon of nature generally personified into a 
god or hero. 2. Person or thing existing 
only in imagination. [Gr. mythos, myth.] 

MYTHICAL (mith'ik-al), a. Of or belonging to 
myths; fabulous; legendary. 

MYTHICALLY (mith'ik-al-i), adv. In a myth- 
ical manner; by means of myths or fables. 

MYTHICIST (mith'i-sist), n. One who holds 
that alleged supernatural events are merely 
of an imaginary or mythical nature. 

MYTHIST (mith'ist), n. Person who originates 
myths. 

MYTHOGENESIS (mith-o-jen'e-sis), n. Pro- 
duction of myths; tendency to produce myths. 

MYTHOGRAPHER (mith-og'ra-fer), n. Con- 
structor or narrator of myths. 

MYTHOGRAPHY (mith-og'ra-fi), n. Descriptive 
mythology. [Gr. mythographia — mythos, myth, 
and graplio, write.] 

MYTHOLOGIC (mith-o-loj'ik), MYTHOLOG- 
ICAL (mith-o-loj'ik-al), a. Relating to myth- 
ology; fabulous. 

MYTHOLOGICALLY (mith-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a mythological manner. 

MYTHOLOGIST (mith-ol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in, or who writes on, myths. 

MYTHOLOGY (mith-ol'o-ji), n. [pi. MYTHOL'- 
OGIES.] 1. System of myths; treatise regard- 



ing myths. 2. Body of legends about the 
gods of a people. [Gr. mythologia — mythos, 
myth, and logos, discourse.] 

MYTHOPEIC, MYTH0PO3IC (mith-o-pe'ik), 
a. Producing or tending to produce myths. 
[Gr. mythopoios, making myths — mythos,myth, 
and poieo, make.] 

MYTHOPEIST, MYTHOPCEIST (mith-o-pe'ist), 
n. 3Iaker of myths. 

MYTHOPLASM (mith'o-plazm), n. Narration of 
mere fable. [Gr. mythos, myth, and pi as so, 
mold, fabricate.] 

MYTILACEOUS (mit-i-la/shus), a. Resembling 
a mussel. [See MYTILUS.] 

MYTILUS (mit'i-lus), n. Genus of bivalves 
often used for food. It is the typical genus 
of the family Mytilidce. [L. — Gr. mytilos, sea- 
mussel.] 

MYXOLIPOMA (miks-o-li-po'ma), n. [pi. MYX- 
OLIPO'MATA.] Mucous tumor containing 
fatty tissue. [Gr. myxa, mucus, and L. lipo- 
ma — Gr. lipos, fat, and -oma, denoting a 
morbid condition.] 

HI YXOMYCETES(miks-o-mi-se'tez),n.p?. Class 
of fungus-like organisms embracing the slime- 
molds; motile masses of protoplasm found on 
decaying logs and mosses. In the absence 
of moisture they pass into a resting state, 
breaking up internally into spores. [Gr. 
myxa, mucus, and mykSs, pi. mykstes, fungus.] 

MYXOMYCETOXJS (miks-o-mi-se'tus), a. Per- 
taining to, or of the nature of, the Myxomy- 
cetes. 

MYXOPOD (miks'o-pod), n. Protozoan animal 
possessing pseudopodia or false feet; one of 
the Myxopoda. 

MyXOPODA (miks-op'o-da), n.pl. Protozoans 
whose locomotive appendages assume the 
form of pseudopodia or false feet. Also 
termed Rhizopoda. [Gr. myxa, mucus, and 
pous, pod-, foot.] 

MYXOSARCOMA (miks-o-sar-ko'ma), n. [pi. 
MYXOSARCO'MATA.] Tumor composed of 
mucus and sarcomatous tissue. [Gr. myxa, 
mucus, and sarkoma, fleshy excrescence.] 

MYXOSPONGI^E (miks-o-spon'ji»e), n.pl. 
Class of soft sponges in which the skeleton is 
wanting. [Gr. myxa, mucus, and spongia, 
sponge.] 

MYXOSPONGIAN (miks-o-spon'ji-an), n. One 
of the Myxospongia}. 

MYZONT (mi'zont), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
the Myzontcs; sucking. II. n. One of the 
Myzontes. 

MYZONTES (mi-zon'tez), n.pl. Class of ver- 
tebrates having an incomplete skull, pouch- 
like gills, and no lower jaw, comprising the 
lampreys and hags. [Gr. myzon, myzont-, 
pr.p. of myzo, suck.] 

MYZORHYNCHUS (mi-zo-ring'kus), n. [pi. 
MYZORHYNCHI (ml-zo-ring'kl).] Muscular 
proboscis or sucker of certain tapeworms. 
[Gr. myzo, suck, and rhynchos, snout.] 



Site, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



748 



NAP 




n (en), n. [pi. N'S (enz).] Four- 
teenth letter and eleventh con- 
sonant in the English alpha- 
bet. It is a nasal dental. 
Its ordinary sound is that 
heard in no, nine, but some- 
times before gutturals, as g or 
k, it has a sound almost 
equivalent to ng, as in bank, 
single, finger. When however, the gutturals 
belong to a different syllable the n generally 
retains its ordinary sound as in engage, en- 
gine. When preceded by g, k, m, or p, at 
the beginning of a word, the n alone is 
sounded, as in gnaw, knife, mnemonics, pneu- 
matic. When final after morJit is silent, as 
in condemn, kiln. 

NAB (nab), vt. [pr.p. NAB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
NABBED (nabd).] Seize unexpectedly; catch 
with a sudden grasp. [Dan. nappe, catch.] 

NABOB (na'bob), n. 1. Viceroy or governor 
under the Mogul empire. 2. Man of great 
wealth. [Hind, nawab, deputy governor.] 

NACELLE (na-seD, n. Contrivance made of 
basket-work whereby passengers and ma- 
chinery are carried in aeronautics by either 
balloons, dirigibles or aeroplanes. [Fr.] 

NACRE (na'ker), n. Mother-of-pearl. [Fr.] 

NACREOUS (na'kre-us), a. 1. Consisting of 
nacre. 2. Having a pearly luster. 

NACRE-SHELL (na'ker-shel), n. Any species 
of shell from which 
nacre is obtained, 
especially the river 
mussel. 

NADIR (na'der), n. 
Point of the heavens 
directly opposite the 
zenith. [Fr.] 

N^EVUS (ne'vus), n. 
[pi. N.EVI (ne'vl).] 1. 
Birthmark. 2. Mole, 
or overgrowth of capillary blood-vessels. [L.] 

NAG (nag), n. Horse, especially a small or bony 
one. [Dut. negge, small horse.] 

NAG (nag), v. [pr.p. NAG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
NAGGED (nagd).] I. vt. Irritate with con- 
tinuous fault-finding. II. vi. Scold, or find 
fault continually. [A. S. gnagan, gnaw.] 

NAIAD (na'yad), n. Female deity, fabled to 
preside over rivers and springs; water-nymph. 

NAIF (na-ef), a. 1. Naive. 2. Having a nat- 
ural luster without being cut; as, a naif gem. 
[See NAIVE.] 

NAIL (nal), n. 1. Horny 
scale at the end of the 
human fingers and toes. 
2. Claw of a bird or 
other animal. 3. Point- 
ed spike of metal for 
fastening wood, etc. 4. Measure of length 
(2 1 inches). [A. S. neegel.] 

NAIL (nal), vt. [pr.p. NAILING; p.t. and p.p. 




Nacre-shell. 
3. Vascular tumor 




Upholsterers' Nails. 



for 




Nail-puller. 



NAILED (nald).] 1. Fasten with nails. 2. 

Shut or close up by nailing. 3. Drive nails 

into. 4. Make certain or sure; clinch. 5. 

Expose; as, to nail a lie. 
NAIL-PULLER (nalpol-er), n. Device 

pulling nails from boxes without injury 

to the wood. 
NAINSOOK (nan'sok), n. Thick kind of 

muslin. [From the valley of Nainsukh 

in India.] 
NAIVE (na-ev' or na'ev), a. 1. With nat- 
ural or unaffected simplicity; artless; 

ingenuous. 2. Uncritical. [Fr. naif, 

(fem. naive) — L. nativus, innate.] 
NAIVELY (na-ev'li), adv. With artless 

or simple candor; with naivete. 
NAIVETE (na-ev-ta/), n. Natural or un- 
affected simplicity or ingenuousness. 

[Fr. naive, fem. of naif, artless, natural.] 
NAKED (na'ked), a. 1. Uncovered; not 

clothed. 2. Unarmed. 3. Unprovided. 

4. Unconcealed. 5. Mere. [A. S 

naced.] 
NAKEDLY (na'ked-li), adv. In i 

naked manner. 
NAKEDNESS (na'ked-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being naked. 
NA3IAYCUSH (nam'a-kush), n. Ichthy. Lake 

trout of 

the Sal- 

monido3 

family 

found in 

the northern 

waters of 

North America. 
NAMBY-PA3IBY (nam-bi-pam'bi), a. 

sentimental or affectedly pretty. 
NA3IE (nam), n. 1. That by which a person or 

thing is known or called; designation. 2. 

Reputed character; reputation; celebrity, 3. 

Authority; behalf. [A. S. nama.] 
NAME (nam), vt. [pr.p. NA'MING; p.t. and p.p. 

NAMED (namd).] 1. Give a name to- 2, Desig- 
nate. 3. Speak or call by name. 4. Nom- 
inate. 5. Mention formally by name. 
NAMELESS (nam'les), c. Without a name. 
NAMELY (nam'li), adv. That is to say; to wit. 

(Often represented by viz.) 
NAMESAKE (nam'sak), n. 1. One named after 

another. 2. One of the same name. 
NANCY (nang-se'), n. City in France. 
NANKEEN (nan-ken'), n. 1. Yellow cotton cloth 

first made at Nanking, in China. 2. [pi.] 

Trousers made of nankeen. 
NANKING (nan-king'), n. Capital of the province 

of Kian-Su, China. 
NANNY-GOAT (nan'i-got), n. Female goat. 
NANTES (nants; Fr. nangt), n. City in France, 

on the Loire. 
NANTUCKET (nan-tuk'et), ». Island and town 

off S. E. coast of Massachusetts. 
NAP (nap), vi. [pr.p. NAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 




Namaycush (Cristivomer 
namaycush). 

Weakly 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit,- note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, Dura, 
u=m in' Scotch gade; oil, owl, then, ls.h=ch in Scotch lock. 




NAP 

NAPPED (napt).] Take a short sleep; doze. 
[A. S. hnappian.] 

NAP (nap), n. A short sleep or slumber; doze. 

NAP (nap), n. Woolly surface of cloth. [A. S. 
hnoppa — root of KNOB.] 

NAPE (nap), n. Projecting joint of the neck 
behind; rear part of neck. 

NAPERER (na'per-er), n. Officer of royal es- 
tablishment who has charge of table linen. 

NAPERY (na'per-i), n. Table linen. [O. Fr. 
naperie — nape, tablecloth.] 

NAPHTHA (nap'tha or naf'tha), n. Inflammable 
liquid distilled from -. ,-._^,--=j^.---- _ 

coal-tar, petroleum, 
etc. — Naphtha launch, 
a motorboat operated 
by naphtha. [Gr. — Ar. 
nafth.] 

NA PIFORM (na'pi-f arm), 
a. Turnip-shaped. [L. 
napus, turnip.] 

NAPKIN (nap'kin), n. 

Small cloth for wiping -^*gg^a^ 

the mouth, hands, etc., -* .fS^" 

at table. [Dim. of Fr. Naphtha Launch. 

nappe — L. mappa, cloth.] 

NAPLES (na'plz), City in Italy. 

NAPLESS (nap'les),o. Withoutnap; threadbare. 

NAPPY (nap'i), n. Large bowl, used for holding 
food or cooking. [A. S. kncep, bowl.] 

NARCISSUS (nar-sis'us), n. Greek Myth. A 
beautiful youth that fell in love with his reflec- 
tion in a fountain, imagining that it must be 
some beautiful nymph, and in his despair he 
killed himself; there sprang from his blood a 
flower which was named after him, Narcissus. 

Narcissus (nar-sis'- 
us), n. 1. Genus of 
flowering plants com- 
prising the daffodils, 
jonquils, etc., hav- 
ing narcotic proper- 
ties. 2. [n-] Plant 
of this genus. [Gr. 
narkissos — narke", tor- 
por.] 

NARCOMANIA (nar-ko- 
ma'ni-a), n. Pathol. 
Mania for the use of 
narcotics. [Gr. narke, 
torpor, and mania, 
madness.] 

NARCOSIS (nar-ko'sis), n. 
a narcotic. 

NARCOTIC (nar-kot'ik), I. 

characterized by torpor or sleep, 
cine producing sleep or stupor, 
torpor.] 

NARCOTINE (nar'ko-tin), n. One of the or- 
ganic bases or alkaloids occurring in opium. 

NARCOTIZE (nar'ko-tiz), vt. [pr.p. NARCO- 
TIZING; p.t. and p.p. NARCOTIZED (nar'ko- 
tlzd).] Place under narcotic influence. 




Narcissus. 
Stupor produced by 



Producing, or 
II. n. Medi- 

[Gr. narke, 



749 NASHVILLE 



NARD (nard), n. 1. Aromatic plant; spikenard. 
2. Unguent prepared from it. [Pers.] 

NARGILE, NARGHILE (nar'gi-le), n. Small 
hookah. [Turk.] 

NARRATE (nar-raf), vt. [pr.p. NARRATING; 
p.t. and p.p. NARRATED.] Tell; recite; give 
an account of. [L. narro — gnarus, knowing.] 

SYN. Report; relate; detail; tell. ANT. 
Suppress; conceal; misstate. 

NARRATION (nar-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of narra- 
ting. 2. That which is narrated; narrative; 
story; history; account. 

NARRATIVE (nar'a-tiv), I. a. Narrating; gar- 
rulous. II. n. Story; history; tale; ac- 
count; narration. 

NARRATIVELY (nar'a-tiv-li), adv. By way of 
relation; in manner of a narrative. 

NARRATOR (nar-ra'tur), n. One who nar- 
rates. 

NARROW (nar'6), I. a. 1. Of little breadth. 2. 
Limited. 3. Contracted in mind; bigoted; 
not liberal; selfish. 4. Close; barely sufficient. 
5. Accurate; careful. II. n« [pi.] Narrow 
passage, channel, or strait. [A. S. nearu.] 

NARROW (nar'6), v. [pr.p. NARROWING; p.t. 
and p.p. NARROWED (nar'od).] I. vt. 1. 
Make narrow or narrower. 2. Contract or 
confine; limit; restrict. II. vi. 1. Become 
narrow or narrower. 2. In knitting, reduce 
the number of stitches. 

NARROWER (nar'o-er), n. One who or that 
which narrows. 

NARROW-GAGE, NARROW-GAUGE (nar'o- 
gaj), a. Noting a width of railway track less 
than 4 feet 8^ inches. 

NARROWING (nar'6-ing), n. 1. Act of making 
less in width. 2. State of being narrowed. 3. 
Part of anything where it is narrowed. 

NARROWLY (nar'6-li), adv. 1. With little 
breadth or width. 2. Contractedly. 3. Close- 
ly; attentively. 4. Covetously; sparingly. 
5. By a little; only just. 

NARROW-MINDED (nar'6-mind-ed), a. Of 
illiberal mind. 

NARROW-MINDEDNESS (nar'6-mind-ed-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being narrow-minded. 

NARROWNESS (nar'6-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being narrow. 

NARWHAL (nar'- 
hwal), n. Sea- 
unicorn, a 
mammal of 
the whale 
family with 
one projecting tusk from four to ten feet 
long. [Dan. narhval.] 

NASAL (na'zal), I. a. 1. Belonging to the nose. 
2. Affected by or sounded through the nose. 
II. n. Letter or sound uttered through the 
nose. [Fr., from L. nasus, nose.] 

NASCENT (nas'ent), a. Beginning to exist or 
grow. [L. nascens.] 

NASHVILLE (nash'vil),n. Capitalof Tennessee. 



I 




Narwhal. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
" ii=t* in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



NASSAU 



750 



NAUGHTY 



Kind of 




Dirty. 2 
4. Trouble 



Climbing 
Nastur- 
tium (Tro- 
pcelum 
majus). 



NASSAU (nas'a), n. Capital of Bahama Islands, 
on New Providence Island. 

NASTILY (nas'ti-li), adv. In a nasty manner. 

NASTINESS (nas'ti-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being nasty. 

NASTURTIUM (nas-tur'shi-um), n. 
cress with a pungent 
taste and smell, and 
bearing rich flowers. 
[L., "nose torment- 
ing," ■ — nasus, nose, 
and torqueo, tortutn, 
twist, torment.] 

NASTY (nas'ti), a. 1. 
Obscene. 3. Stormy, 
some. 5. Hateful. [O. E. nasky 
— Sw. snaskig. Cf. L. Ger. unnasch.] 

SYN. Filthy; foul; nauseous; 
mean; disagreeable; dishonor- 
able. ANT. Nice; pleasant; sweet; 
savory; agreeable; pure. 

NATAL (na-tal'), n. British colony 

S. E. coast of Africa. Area 18,050 sq. m. 

NATAL (na'tal), a. Pertaining to birth. [L. 
natalis.] 

NATATION (na-ta'shun), n. Swimming. [L. 
nato, swim.] 

NATATORIUM (na-ta-to'ri-um), n. Place for 
swimming; swimming school. [L.] 

NATATORY (na'ta-to-ri), a. 1. Used in swim- 
ming. 2. Swimming. 

NATION (na'shun), n. 1. People of common 
descent, inhabiting a country under the same 
government. 2. Race. [L. nascor, natus, 
be born.] 

NATIONAL (nash'un-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
nation. 2. Devoted to one's own country. 

NATIONALISM (nash'un-al-izm), n. 1. Spirit 
of national unity or independence. 2. De- 
votion to the nation as a whole; opposed to 
SECTIONALISM. 3. Doctrine that all in- 
dustry should be under national regulation or 
control. 4. National idiom, phrase, trait, 'or 
peculiarity. — The New Nationalism, a term 
coined by Theodore Roosevelt to designate 
the struggle of freedom to gain and to hold 
the right of self-government as against the 
special interests which twist the methods of 
free government into machinery for defeating 
the popular will. 

NATIONALITY (nash-un-al'i-ti), n. [pi. NA- 
TIONALITIES.] 1. Relationship to a partic- 
ular nation. 2. Nation. 3. Separate ex- 
istence as a nation. 

NATIONALIZE (nash'un-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. NA'- 
TIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. NATIONALIZED 
(nash'un-al-izd).] Make national; make a 
nation of. 

NATIVE (na'tiv), I. a. 1. From or by birth; 
produced by nature; original. 2. Inborn. 3. 
Not foreign. II. n. 1. One born in a 
given place. 2. Original inhabitant. [L. na- 
tivus.] 



NATIVELY (na'tiv-li), adv. In a native manner; 

naturally. 
NATIVENESS (nativ-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being native. 
NATIVITY (na-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. NATIVITIES.] 

1. Birth. 2. Time, place, and manner of 
birth. 3. Horoscope. 4. [N-J The birth of 
Christ. 5. [N-] Picture representing the 
birth of Christ. 

NATTY (nat'i), a. Trim; spruce. [From NEAT.] 

NATURAL (nat'u-ral or nach'u-ral), I. o. 1. 
Pertaining to, produced by, or according to, 
nature. 2. Born out of wedlock. 3. Music. 
Not sharped or flatted. II. n. 1. Idiot. 2. 
Music. Character, or the note it represents, 
which removes the effect of a preceding sharp 
or flat. — Natural history, study of animals, 
plants and minerals. — Natural philosophy, 
physics. 

SYN. Inborn; essential; indigenous; 
regular; legitimate; native; not artificial; 
natal; innate; incident; normal; sponta- 
neous; unaffected; unassumed; affection- 
ate; unregenerate. ANT. Adventitious; 
abnormal; monstrous; unnatural; ficti- 
tious; forced; affected. 

NATURALESQUE (nat-u-ral-esk'), a. Nature- 
like. [NATURAL, and Fr. -esque, like.] 

NATURALISM (nat'u-ral-izm), n. 1. Close ad- 
herence to nature in art, without the rudeness 
of realism. 2. Doctrine denying all supernat- 
ural influence. 

NATURALIST (natu-ral-ist), n. 1. One who 
studies nature. 2. Believer in naturalism. 

NATURALIZATION (nat-u-ral-i-za'shun), n. 
Act or process of naturalizing or state of being 
naturalized. 

NATURALIZE (nat'u-ral-iz), vt. [pr.p. NAT- 
URALIZING; p.t. and p.p. NATURALIZED 
(nat'u-ral-izd).] 1. Make natural or familiar. 

2. Invest (a foreigner) with the privileges of 
citizenship. 3. Acclimatize ; adopt. 

NATURALLY (nat'u-ral-i or nach'u-ral-i), adv. 

I. By nature. 2. In a natural manner. 3. 
Of course. 

NATURE (na'tur), n. 1. Material world. 2. 

Creative energy of the material universe. 3. 

Essential qualities; constitution; character; 

natural disposition. 4. Conformity to that 

which is natural. 5. Natural course. 6. 

Naturalness. [L. natura, to be born.] 
NAUGHT (nat), I. n. 1. Nothing. 2. Cipher. 

II. adv. In no degree. III. a. Of no value. 
[A. S. nath — natviht — na, not, and wiht, whit.] 

NAUGHTILY (na'ti-li), adv. In a naughty man- 
ner. 

NAUGHTINESS (na'ti-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being naughty. 

NAUGHTY (na'ti), a. Bad; mischievous; per- 
verse. 

SYN. Worthless; vile; corrupt; bad. ANT. 
Worthy; good; precious; pure; docile; 
well-behaved. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 




SEMAPHORE 6AWG WAG SIGNALS 






B O 




CRepeat 




E Error 




F 4 




G 6 







J 5 



KNeotve 





M 9 






"I UNDERSTAND 



AFFIRM- 
ATIVE 




JNTERROG- 
ATOBY 





ISTHE 
BUTWAY- 

UP AND 



LETTER R 
ING FLAGS 
DOWN IN- 



STEAD OF HOLDINGTHEM 
HCR120MTALKEPTUP UNTIL 

SENDER DDES LIKEWISE 












V 7 



WAnniilw 



XNuMERALS 



Z 2 



ALSO 

1 Cornet 




3I/ETTERS 



MADE i TIME =END OF 

WORD 
MADE 2TIMES=END OF 

SENTENCE 

MADE 3TIMES=END OF 

MESSAGE 




8 



GENERAL 

SIGNALS USE 



Es 



m 



Copyright, 1911 , by Wm. H. tee. 




U.S. NAVY CODE 




COLUMN 
3 



COLUMN 
5 



COLUMN 

7 



COLUMN 

I 



COLUMN COLUMN 
2 3 



COLUMN 

5 



COLUMN 

e 



COLUMN 

7 



CHARAC- WIG 



TERS 



WAG 
SYSTEM 



SOUND 

OR 
FLASH 



ELECTRIC 

NIGHT 
SYSTEM 



TWO — ARM 
SELMAPHORE 



VERYS 
SYSTEM 



SECONDARY 
MEANINGS 



CHARAC- 
TERS 



WIG 

WAG 

SYSTEM 



SOUND 

OR 
FLASH 



ELECTRIC 

NIGHT 
SYSTEM 



TWO -ARM 
SEMAPHORE 



MACHINE 



HAND 
FLAGS 



VERYS 
SYSTEM 



SECONDARY 
MEANINGS 



B 



22 



2112 



Ow 

Ow 



1212 



O(ZERO) 



1211 



©R 

O w 

© R 

O w 



1 



©R 

©R 
©R 



Affirm 
ative 



Interrog- 
atory 



121 



Repeat 



R 



211 



Ow 

©R 

©R 



222 



212 



Ow 
©R 
Ow 



E 



\l 



/ 



Error 



Ow 



2221 



r 



u 



112 



©R 
©R 

Ow 



2211 



1222 



©R 
Ow 
Ow 
Ow 



H 



122 



W 



1121 



©R 
©R 
Ow 
©R 



Annulling 



2122 



Ow 
©R 
Ow 
Ow 



NUHEHMS 



1122 



111 



©R 



K 



2121 



Negative 



2222 



Ow 
Ow 
Ow 
Ow 



221 



CORULT 



1111 



©R 
©R 
©R 



M 



1221 



Idteb 



1112 



©R 
©R 
Ow 




General 

Signals 

use 



2111 



©R 




O w 



km. 



2212 



Ow 
Ow 

©R 

Qw 



Copyright, 1911 , by V?m. H. Lee. 



NAUSEA 



?51 



NEAT 



NAUSEA (na'she-a), n. Sickness of the stomach, 
with a propensity to vomit; loathing. [L. — 
Gr. nausia, sea-sickness — naus, ship.] 

NAUSEATE (na'she-at), v. \pr.p. NAU'SEA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. NAU'SEATED.] I. vt. 
Cause to feel nausea. II. vi. Feel nausea. 

NAUSEATION (na-she-a/shun), n. Act of nau- 
seating or state of being nauseated. 

NAUSEATIVE (na'she-a-tiv), a. Nauseous. 

NAUSEOUS (na'shus), a. Disgusting; loath- 
some. 

NAUSEOUSLY (na'shus-li), adv. In a nauseous 
manner. 

NAUSEOUSNESS (na'shus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being nauseous. 

NAUTCH (nach), n. In India, a kind of ballet- 
dance performed by professional dancers 
known as nautch-girls. 

NAUTICAL (na'tik-al), a. 
sailors, or navigation, 
ship.] 

NAUTILUS (na'ti-lus), n. 

NAU'TILUSES or NAUTILI 
(na'ti-li).] Kind of shell- 
fish furnished with a mem- 
brane which was once be- 
lieved to enable it to sail Nau 
like a ship. [L.] 

NAVAL (na'val), a. Pertaining to the navy. 
— Naval Academy, institution established in 
the U. S. in 1845, for the purpose of instruct- 
ing young men in seamanship, navigation, 



[Hind, nach, dance.] 

Pertaining to ships, 

[Gr. nautikos — naus, 



[pl. 





Bird's-eye View of IT S. Naval Academy at 
Annapolis, Maryland. 

gunnery and tactics incident to naval evolu- 
tion and warfare, so as to render them profi- 
cient to become naval officers. [L. navalis 
— navis, rhip.] 

SYN. Nautical; maritime; marine ocean- 
ic. ANT. Army; military; terrestrial; land. 
NAVE (nav), n. Middle or body of a church, 
distinct from the aisles or wings. [L. navis, ship.] 
NAVE (nav), n. Hub. [A. S. nafu, boss.] 
NAVEL (na'vl), n. Depression in the center of 
the abdomen. [Dim. of nave, hub.] 



NAVVIES.] In England 
railways, etc. [Abbr. 



NAVIGABILITY (nav-i-ga-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being navigable. 

NAVIGABLE (nav'i-ga-bl), a. That may be 
traversed by ships. 

NAVIGATE (nav'i-gat), v. [pr.p. NAVIGA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. NAVIGATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Manage a ship in sailing. 2. Sail on. II. vi. 
Go in a vessel or ship; sail. [L. navigo — navis, 
ship, and ago, drive.] 

NAVIGATION (nav-i-ga'shun), w. 1. Act of 
navigating. 2. Science or art of navigating. 

NAVIGATOR (nav'i-ga-tur), n. 1. One who nav- 
igates or sails. 2. Officer who directs the 
course of a ship. 

NAVVY (nav'i), n. [pl. 
laborer on canals, 
from NAVIGATOR.] 

NAVY (na'vi), n. [pl. NAVIES (na'viz).] 1. 
Fleet of ships. 2. Whole of the ships-of-war 
of a nation. 3. Officers and men belonging 
to the warships of a nation. [O. Fr. — L. 
navis, ship.] 

NAVY-BEAN (na'vi-ben), n. Common small 
white bean of commerce. 

NAVY-BLUE (na'vi-blo), I. c. Dark blue. II. 
n. Dark-blue color. 

NAVY-YARD (na'vi-yard), n. Government 
dockyard, where ships are built and repaired 
and war munitions stored. 

NAXOS (naks'us), n. Largest of the Cyclades 
Islands in the ^Egean. 

NAY (na), I. adv. 1. No. 2. Not only so, but 
yet more. II. n. 1. Denial. 2. Negative 
vote. [Ice. nei; Dan. nei; cog. with NO.] 

NAZARENE (naz-a-ren'), n. 1. Christ. 2. 
Early Christian. 

NAZARETH (naz'a-reth), n. Town in Palestine. 

NEAP (nep), I. a. Low, applied to the lowest 
tides. II. n. Neap tide. [A. S. nep, scant; 
Dan. knap.] 

NEAPED (nept), a. Left aground by the spring 
tides. 

NEAR (ner), I. a. 1. Nigh; not far distant. 2. 
Intimate; dear. 3. Close to anything imi- 
tated. 4. On the left of a team. 5. Direct. 
6. Stingy. II. adv. 1. At a little distance. 2. 
Almost. III. prep. Close by. [A. S. near, 
nearer, comp. of neah, nigh. Now used as a 
positive.] 

NEAR (ner), v. [pr.p. NEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NEARED (nerd).] I. vt. Come nearer to; 
approach. II. vi. Come near or nearer. 

NEARLY (ner'li), adv. 1. Closely ; not remotely. 
2. In a manner approaching to. 3. With 
close adherence to. 4. Almost. 

NEARNESS (ner'nes), n. 1. Quality or state of 
being near or close at hand. 2. Close rela- 
tionship or connection. 

NEAR-SIGHTED (ner'sit-ed), a. Seeing well 
only when near. 

NEAR-SIGHTEDNESS (ner'sit-ed-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being near-sighted. 

NEAT (net), I. a. Belonging to the bovine genus. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NEAT 



752 



NEEDLE-GUI 




II. n. Ox or cow [A. S. neetan, employ. 
Cf. Ger. nutz, profit.] 

NEAT (net), a. 1. Clean. 2. Well-shaped. 3. 
Adroit. [Fr. net — L. nitidus, shining.] 

SYN. Tidy; trim; finished; spruce; nice; 
pure; cleanly. ANT. Dowdy; slovenly; un- 
tidy; negligent; dirty. 

NEATLY (net'li), adv. In a neat manner. 

NEATNESS (net'ncs), n. Quality or state of be- 
ing neat. 

NEB (neb), n. Beak; nose; nib. [A. S. neb. 
Cf. Dut. sneb, and Ger. schnabel.] 

Nebraska (ne- 

bras'ka), n. One 
of the U. S. Cap- 
ital Lincoln. Area 
77,510 sq. m. 

NEBULA (neb 'il- 
ia), n. [pi. NEB'- 
CL^E.] Faint, 
misty appear- 
ance in the heav- 
ens, beyond the so- 
lar-system, con- Nebula. 
sisting usually of 

gaseous matter, but sometimes of a group of 
stars; formative stellar substance. [L.] 

NEBULAR (neb'u-lar), a. Of or pertaining to 
nebulae. — Nebular hypothesis, the theory that 
nebulae form the earliest stage in the forma- 
tion of planets and stars. 

NEBULOSITY (neb-u-los'i-ti), n. State oFbeing 
nebulous. 

NEBULOUS (neb'u-lus), a. Misty; hazy; vague. 

NECESSARILY (nes'es-sa-ri-li), adv. 1. Of 
necessity. 2. By inevitable consequence. 
3. By fate or necessity; not of free will. 

NECESSARY (nes'es-sa-ri), I. a. 1. Unavoid- 
able. 2. Indispensable; essential. 3. Not 
free. II. n. [pi. NECESSARIES.] Requisite ; 
used chiefly in plural. [L. necessarius — ne, not, 
and cessus, yielded.] 

NECESSITATE (ne-ses'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. NE- 
CESSITATING; p.t. and p.p. NECESSITA- 
TED.] 1. Make necessary. 2. Compel. 

NECESSITOUS (ne-ses'i-tus), a. Very poor; 
destitute; pinching. 

NECESSITY (ne-ses'i-ti), n. [pi. NECESSITIES.] 
1. Quality of being needed, or needy. 2. That 
which is necessary. 3. Compulsion. 

SYN. Need; exigency; want; indigence; 
penury; strait; extremity; destitution; emer- 
gency; distress; fate. ANT. Superfluity; 
luxury; freedom; choice. 

NECK (nek), n. 1. Part of an animal's body 
between the head and trunk. 2. Long nar- 
row part. [A. S. hnecca.] 

NECKERCHIEF (nek'er-chif), n. Kerchief for 
the neck. 

NECKBAND (nek'band), n. Band that goes 
round the neck. 

NECKCLOTH (nek'klath), n. Folded cloth worn 
around the neck, as a tie or cravat. 




Necklace. 

n. One who 



NECKLACE (nek'las), n. Ornament of beads 
or precious stones 
worn round the neck. 

NECKTIE (nek'ti), n. 
Scarf or band worn 
round the neck and 
tied in front. 

NECROLATRY (nek- 
rol'a-tri), n. Wor- 
ship of the dead; an- 
cestor-worship. [Gr. 
nekros, dead person, 
and latreia, worship.] 

NECROLOGIST (nek-rol'o-jist), 
writes a necrology. 

NECROLOGY (nek-rol'o-ji), n. [pi. NECROLO- 
GIES.] Register of deaths. [Gr. nekros, 
dead, and logos, list.] 

NECROMANCER (nek'ro-man-ser), n. One who 
practices necromancy; sorcerer. 

NECROMANCY (nek'ro-man-si), n. 1. Pre- 
tended art of revealing future events by com- 
munication with the dead. 2. Enchantment; 
magic. [Gr. nekromanteia — nekros, corpse, and 
manteia, prophesying.] 

NECROMANTIC (nek-ro-man'tik), a. 1. Per- 
taining to necromancy. 2. Performed by 
necromancy. 

NECROPOLIS (nek-rop'o-lis), n. Cemetery. 
[Gr. nekros, dead, and polls, city.] 

NECROSIS (nek-ro'sis), n. 1. Pathol. Death 
of a small part of animal tissue. 2. Bot. 
Disease in plants showing black spots over 
decaying parts of the leaves. [L.] 

NECTAR (nek'tar), n. 1. Greek Myth. Fabled 
drink of the gods. 2. Any delicious bever- 
age. 3. Honey in flowers. [L.] 

NECTARINE (nek'tar-in), I. a. Sweet as nectar. 
II. n. Variety of peach with a smooth rind. 

NECTAROUS (nek'tar-us), a. Sweet as nectar. 

NECTARY (nek'ta-ri), n. [pi. NECTARIES.] 
Part of a flower which secretes honey. 

NEE (na), a. Born. (Used to introduce the 
maiden name of a married woman.) [Fr.] 

NEED (ned), n. State that requires relief; want. 
[A. S. nyd.] 

NEED (ned), v. [pr.p. NEED'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NEED'ED.] I. vt. Have occasion for; want; 
require. II. vi. Be necessary. 

NEEDFUL (ned'fol), a. Necessary; requisite. 

NEEDFULLY (ned'fol-i), adv. Necessarily; of 
necessity. 

NEEDFULNESS (ned'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being needful. 

NEEDILY (ned'i-li), adv. In a manner show- 
ing or springing from need. 

NEEDINESS (ned'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being needy. 

NEEDLE (ne'dl), n. 1. Small, sharp-pointed 
steel instrument, with an eye for a thread. 2. 
Anything like a needle, as the magnetized 
pointer of a compass. [A. S. ncedl.] 

NEEDLE-GUN (ne'dl-gun), n. Gun or rifle 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NESTLE 



755 



NEUTRALIZE 




Nest. 
Newly hatched. 



of boxes each inside the next larger. — Nest 
egg. 1. Egg left in the nest to 
induce the hen to lay more. 
2. Something laid up as 
beginning of a collection. 

NESTLE (nes'l), v. [pr.p. NES' 
TLING; p.t. and p.p. NES'- 
TLED (nes'ld).] I. vi. Lie 
close or snug, as in a nest. 
2. Settle comfortably. II. 
vt. Cherish, as a bird her 
young. [A. S. nesllian.] 

NESTLING (nes'ling), I. a. 
II. n. Young bird in the nest. 

NESTOR (nes'tar), n. Greek Legend. King of 
Pylos, and son of Neleus and Chloris; distin- 
guished for wisdom and justice; he outlived 
three generations. 

NESUS, NeSSUS (nes'us), n. Greek Myth. One 
of the famous centaurs who was killed by 
Hercules while attempting to carry off Deja- 
nira, the wife of Hercules. 

NET (net), n. 1. Open fabric of twine knotted 
into meshes for catching birds, fishes, etc. 2. 
Any openwork fabric, as lace, hair-net, etc. 3. 
Anything like a net; snare; difficulty. [A. S.] 

NET (net), v. [pr.p. NET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
NET'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make or work up into 
a net. 2. Take or catch in a net. 3. Inclose 
in a net or network. II. vi. Form network. 

NET (net), a. 1. Lowest; as, the prices are net. 
2. Clear of all charges and deductions — op- 
posed to GROSS. [See NEAT.] 

NET (net), vt. [pr.p. NET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
NET'TED.] Produce or yield as clear profit. 

NETHER (netft'er), a. Beneath another; lower. 
[A. S. neothera.] 

NETHERLANDER (ne*fc'er-Iand-er), n. Hol- 
lander. 

NETHERLANDS (nefft'er-lands), THE. King- 
dom, Europe, on North Sea. Area 12,648 
sq. m. 

NETHERMOST (neffc'er-most), o. Lowest. 

NETTING (net'ing), n. 1. Act of forming net- 
work. 2. Piece of network. 

NETTLE (net'l), w. Bot. Plant 
of the genus TJrtica found 
both in Europe and IT. 
S., characterized by its 
thorn-like hairs and 
spines that cover both 
stem and leaves. [A. S. 
netle.] 

NETTLE (net'l), vt. [pr.p. 
NET 'TLING; p.t. and 
p.p. NETTLED (nef- 
ld).] Fret, as a nettle 
does the skin ; irritate. Nettle (U. dioica). 

NETTLE-RASH (net'l -rash), n. Kind of fever 
characterized by rash or eruption on the skin 
like that caused by the stings of a nettle. 

NETWORK (net'wurk), n. Piece of work or 
fabric formed like a net. 




NEUCHATEL (ne-sha-tel'), n. Town, Switzer- 
land, on Lake of Neuchatel. 

NEURAL (nu'ral), a. Pertaining to the nerves. 
[Gr. neuron, nerve.] 

NEURALGIA (nur-al'ji-a), n. Pain in the nerves. 
[Gr. neuron, nerve, and algos, pain.] 

NEURALGIC (nur-al'jik), a. Pertaining to neur- 
algia. 

NEURASTHENIA (nur-as-the'ni-a), n. Nervous 
debility. [Gr. neuron, nerve, and asthenia, 
weakness.] 

NEURILITY (nu-ril'i-ti), n. Specific function 
of the nerves or nerve-fibers — that of conduct- 
ing nerve force (stimuli). 

NEUROLOGY (nu-rol'o-ji), n. Science of the 
nerves and their functions. 

NEUROLOGIST (nu-rol'o-jist), n. One well 
versed in neurology. 

NEURON (nu'ron), n. 1. Cerebro-spinal axis in 
its entirety. 2. A nerve cell and its processes. 
3. Nervure of an insect's wing. 

NEUROPATH (nu'ro-path), n. Med. Advocate 
of theory that all diseases emanate from the 
nerves. 

NEUROPTER (nu-rop'ter), n. One of the New 
roptera. 

NEUROPTERA (nu-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Order of 
insects which have generally four wings 
marked with a network of many nerves. [Gr. 
neuron, nerve, and ptera, wings.] 

NEUROSIS (nu-ro'sis), n. Nervous disease or 
affection, as hysteria, neuralgia, etc. [Gr. 
neuron, nerve.] 

NEUROTIC (nu-rot'ik), I. a. Relating to, or 
seated in, the nerves. II. n. 1. Disease 
of the nerves. 2. Medicine useful for dis- 
eases of the nerves. 

NEUROTOMY (nu-rot'o-mi), n. Cutting or 
dissection of a nerve. [Gr. neuron, nerve, 
and tome, cutting.] 

NEUTER (nu'ter), I. a. 1. Taking no part with 
either side. 2. Neither masculine nor femi- 
nine. 3. Intransitive. 4. Without stamens 
or pistils. 5. Without sex. II. n. 1. One 
taking no part in a contest. 2. Plant having 
neither stamens nor pistils. 3. Sexless ani- 
mal, as the working bee. [L. ne, not, and 
uter, either.] 

NEUTRAL (nu'tral), I. a. 1. Being neuter; in- 
different; unbiased. 2. Neither very good nor 
very bad. 3. Neither acid nor alkaline. II. 
n. Person or nation that takes no part in a 
contest. [L. neutralis — neuter, neither.] 

NEUTRALITY (nu-tral'i-ti), n. State of being 
neutral or neuter. — Armed neutrality, the 
condition of a neutral power ready to repel 
aggression from either belligerent. 

NEUTRALIZATION (nu-tral-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of neutralizing. 

NEUTRALIZE (nu'tral-iz), vt. [pr.p. NEU- 
TRALIZING; p.t. and p.p. NEUTRALIZED 
(nu'tral-izd).] Render neutral, indifferent or 
of no effect. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NEAT 



752 



NEEDLE-GU:J 





II. n. Ox or cow [A. S. neetan, employ. 
Cf. Ger. nutz, profit.] 

NEAT (net), a. 1. Clean. 2. Well-shaped. 3. 
Adroit. [Fr. net — L. nitidus, shining.] 

SYN. Tidy; trim; finished; spruce; nice; 
pure; cleanly. ANT. Dowdy; slovenly; un- 
tidy; negligent; dirty. 

NEATLY (net'li), adv. In a neat manner. 

NEATNESS (net'nes), n. Quality or state of be- 
ing neat. 

NEB (neb), n. Beak; "nose; nib. [A. S. neb. 
Cf. Dut. sneb, and Ger. schnabel.] 

Nebraska (ne- 

bras'ka), n. One 
of the U. S. Cap- 
ital Lincoln. Area 
77,510 sq. m. 

NEBULA (neb'u- 
la), n. [pi. NEB'- 
I'LE.] Faint, 
misty appear- 
ance in the heav- 
ens, beyond the so- 
lar-system, con- Nebula, 
sisting usually of 

gaseous matter, but sometimes of a group of 
stars; formative stellar substance. [L.] 

NEBULAR (neb'u-lar), a. Of or pertaining to 
nebulae. — Nebular hypothesis, the theory that 
nebulae form the earliest stage in the forma- 
tion of planets and stars. 

NEBULOSITY (neb-u-los'i-ti), n. State oFbeing 
nebulous. 

NEBULOUS (neb'u-lus), a. Misty; hazy; vague. 

NECESSARILY (nes'es-sa-ri-li), adv. 1. Of 
necessity. 2. By inevitable consequence. 
3. By fate or necessity; net of free will. 

NECESSARY (nes'es-sa-ri), I. a. 1. Unavoid- 
able. 2. Indispensable; essential. 3. Not 
free. II. n. [pi. NECESSARIES.] Requisite; 
used chiefly in plural. [L. necessarius — we, not, 
and cessus, yielded.] 

NECESSITATE (ne-ses'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. NE- 
CESSITATING; p.t. and p.p. NECESSITA- 
TED.] 1. Make necessary. 2. Compel. 

NECESSITOUS (ne-ses'i-tus), a. Very poor; 
destitute; pinching. 

NECESSITY (ne-ses'i-ti), n. [pi. NECESSITIES.] 
1. Quality of being needed, or needy. 2. That 
which is necessary. 3. Compulsion. 

SYN. Need; exigency; want; indigence; 
penury; strait; extremity; destitution; emer- 
gency; distress; fate. ANT. Superfluity; 
luxury; freedom; choice. 

NECK (nek), n. 1. Part of an animal's body 
between the head and trunk. 2. Long nar- 
row part. [A. S. hnecca.] 

NECKERCHIEF (nek'er-chif), n. Kerchief for 
the neck. 

NECKBAND (nek'band), n. Band that goes 
round the neck. ■ 

NECKCLOTH (nek'klath), n. Folded cloth worn 
around the neck, as a tie or cravat. 



Necklace. 

One who 



NECKLACE (nek'las), n. Ornament of beads 
or precious stones 
worn round the neck. 

NECKTIE (nek'tl), n. 
Scarf or band worn 
round the neck and 
tied in front. 

NECROLATRY (nek- 
rol'a-tri), n. Wor- 
ship of the dead; an- 
cestor-worship. [Gr. 
nekros, dead person, 
and latreia, worship.] 

NECROLOGIST (nek-rol'o-jist), 
writes a necrology. 

NECROLOGY (nek-roro-ji), n. [pi. NECROI/O- 
GIES.] Register of deaths. [Gr. nekros, 
dead, and logos, list.] 

NECROMANCER (nek'ro-man-ser), «. One who 
practices necromancy; sorcerer. 

NECROMANCY (nek'ro-man-si), n. 1. Pre- 
tended art of revealing future events by com- 
munication with the dead. 2. Enchantment; 
magic. [Gr. nekromanteia — nekros, corpse, and 
manteia, prophesying.] 

NECROMANTIC (nek-ro-man'tik), a. 1. Per- 
taining to necromancy. 2. Performed by 
necromancy. 

NECROPOLIS (nek-rop'o-lis), n. Cemetery. 
[Gr. nekros, dead, and polis, city.] 

NECROSIS (nek-ro'sis), n. 1. Pathol, Death 
of a small part of animal tissue. 2. Bot. 
Disease in plants showing black spots over 
decaying parts of the leaves. [L.] 

NECTAR (nek'tar), n. 1. Greek Myth. Fabled 
drink of the gods. 2. Any delicious bever- 
age. 3. Honey in flowers. [L.] 

NECTARINE (nek'tar-in), I. a. Sweet as nectar. 
II. n. Variety of peach with a smooth rind. 

NECTAROUS (nek'tar-us), a. Sweet as nectar. 

NECTARY (nek'ta-ri), n. [pi. NECTARIES.] 
Part of a flower which secretes honey. 

NEE (na), a. Born. (Used to introduce the 
maiden name of a married woman.) [Fr.] 

NEED (ned), n. State that requires relief; want. 
[A. S. nyd.] 

NEED (ned), v. [pr.p. NEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
NEED'ED.] I. vt. Have occasion for; want; 
require. II. vi. Be necessary. 

NEEDFUL (ned'fol), a. Necessary; requisite. 

NEEDFULLY (ned'fol-i), adv. Necessarily; of 
necessity. 

NEEDFULNESS (ned'fpl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being needful. 

NEEDILY (ned'i-li), adv. In a manner show- 
ing or springing from need. 

NEEDINESS (ned'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being needy. 

NEEDLE (ne'dl), n. 1. Small, sharp-pointed 
steel instrument, with an eye for a thread. 2. 
Anything like a needle, as the magnetized 
pointer of a compass. [A. S. nwdl.] 

NEEDLE-GUN (ne'dl-gun), n. Gun or rifle 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NESTLE 



755 



NEUTRALIZE 



hen to lay more. . \ 
ling laid up as a \\ \ 
jf a collection. OyV W|j 

'\),v. [pr.p.NES'-^fe^ 

I n »-. ,1 „ „ TVT'IT'C:' >ilt,.. **! 




Nest. 
Newly hatched. 



of boxes each inside the next larger. — Nest 
egg. 1. Egg left in the nest to 
induce the hen to lay more. 
2. Something 
beginning of 

NESTLE (nes'l 

TLING; p.t. and p.p. NES'- 
TLED (nes'ld).] I. vi. Lie 
close or snug, as in a nest. 
2. Settle comfortably. II. 
vt. Cherish, as a bird her 
young. [A. S. nestlian.] 

NESTLING (nes'ling), I. a. 
II. n. Young bird in the nest. 

IVeSTOR (nes'tar), n. Greek Legend. King of 
Pylos, and son of Neleus and Chloris; distin- 
guished for wisdom and justice; he outlived 
three generations. 

NESUS, NeSSUS (nes'us), n. Greek Myth. One 
of the famous centaurs who was killed by 
Hercules while attempting to carry off Deja- 
nira, the wife of Hercules. 

NET (net), n. 1. Open fabric of twine knotted 
into meshes for catching birds, fishes, etc. 2. 
Any openwork fabric, as lace, hair-raef, etc. 3. 
Anything like a net; snare; difficulty. [A. S.] 

NET (net), v. [pr.p. NETTING; p.t. and p.p. 
NET'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make or work up into 
a net. 2. Take or catch in a net. 3. Inclose 
in a net or network. II. vi. Form network. 

NET (net), a. 1. Lowest; as, the prices are net. 
2. Clear of all charges and deductions — op- 
posed to GROSS. [See NEAT.] 

NET (net), vt. [pr.p. NET'TING; p.U and p.p. 
NET'TED.] Produce or yield as clear profit. 

NETHER (neth'er), a. Beneath another; lower. 
[A. S. neothera.] 

NETHERLANDER (netft'er-Iand-er), n. Hol- 
lander. 

NETHERLANDS (nefft'er-lands), THE. King- 
dom, Europe, on North Sea. Area 12,648 
sq. m. 

NETHERMOST (nefft'er-most), a. Lowest. 

NETTING (net'ing), n. 1. Act of forming net- 
work. 2. Piece of network. 

NETTLE (net'l),n. Bot. Plant 
of the genus TJrtica found 
both in Europe and U. 
S., characterized by its 
thorn-like hairs and 
spines that cover both 
stem and leaves. [A. S. 
netle.] 

NETTLE (net'l), vt. [pr.p. 
NET'TLING; p.t. and 
p.p. NETTLED (nef- 
ld).] Fret, as a nettle 
does the skin ; irritate. Nettle (U. dioica). 

NETTLE-RASH (net'1-rash), n. Kind of fever 
characterized by rash or eruption on the skin 
like that caused by the stings of a nettle. 

NETWORK (net'wurk), n. Piece of work or 
fabric formed like a net. 




NEUCHATEL (ne-sha-tel), n. Town, Switzer- 
land, on Lake of Neuchatel. 

NEURAL (nu'ral), a. Pertaining to the nerves. 
[Gr. neuron, nerve.] 

NEURALGIA (nur-al'ji-a), n. Pain in the nerves. 
[Gr. neuron, nerve, and algos, pain.] 

NEURALGIC (nur-al'jik), a. Pertaining to neur- 
algia. 

NEURASTHENIA (nur-as-the'ni-a), w. Nervous 
debility. [Gr. neuron, nerve, and asthenia, 
weakness.] 

NEURILITY (nu-ril'i-ti), n. Specific function 
of the nerves or nerve-fibers — that of conduct- 
ing nerve force (stimuli). 

NEUROLOGY (nu-rol'o-ji), n. Science of the 
nerves and their functions. 

NEUROLOGIST (nu-rol'o-jist), n. One well 
versed in neurology. 

NEURON (nu'ron), n. 1. Cerebro-spinal axis in 
its entirety. 2. A nerve cell and its processes. 
3. Nervure of an insect's wing. 

NEUROPATH (nu'ro-path), n. Med. Advocate 
of theory that all diseases emanate from the 
nerves. 

NEUROPTER (nu-rop'ter), n. One of the New 
roptera. 

NEUROPTERA (nu-rop'te-ra), n.pl. Order of 
insects which have generally four wings 
marked with a network of many nerves. [Gr. 
neuron, nerve, and ptera, wings.] 

NEUROSIS (nu-ro'sls), n. Nervous disease or 
affection, as hysteria, neuralgia, etc. [Gr. 
neuron, nerve.] 

NEUROTIC (nu-rot'ik), I. a. Relating to, or 
seated in, the nerves. II. n. 1. Disease 
of the nerves. 2. Medicine useful for dis- 
eases of the nerves. 

NEUROTOMY (nu-rot'o-mi), n. Cutting or 
dissection of a nerve. [Gr. neuron, nerve, 
and tome, cutting.] 

NEUTER (nu'ter), I. a. 1. Taking no part with 
either side. 2. Neither masculine nor femi- 
nine. 3. Intransitive. 4. Without stamens 
or pistils. 5. Without sex. II. n. 1. One 
taking no part in a contest. 2. Plant having 
neither stamens nor pistils. 3. Sexless ani- 
mal, as the working bee. [L. ne, not, and 
uter, either.] 

NEUTRAL (nu'tral), I. a. 1. Being neuter; in- 
different; unbiased. 2. Neither very good nor 
very bad. 3. Neither acid nor alkaline. II. 
n. Person or nation that takes no part in a 
contest. [L. neutralis — neuter, neither.] 

NEUTRALITY (nu-tral'i-ti), n. State of being 
neutral or neuter. — Armed neutrality, the 
condition of a neutral power ready to repel 
aggression from either belligerent. 

NEUTRALIZATION (nu-tral-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of neutralizing. 

NEUTRALIZE (nu'tral-iz), vt. [pr.p. NEU- 
TRALIZING; p.t. and p.p. NEUTRALIZED 
(nu'tral-izd).] Render neutral, indifferent or 
of no effect. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i.—u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NEUTRALIZER 



756 



NIBBLE 



NEUTRALIZER (nu'tral-i-zer), n. One who or 
that which neutralizes. 

NEUTRALLY (nu'tral-i), adv. In a neutral 
manner. 

NEVADA (ne-va'da), n. One of the U. S. Capital, 
Carson City. Area 110,679 sq. m. 

NEVER (nev'er), adv. 1. Not ever; at no time. 
2. In no degree; not. [A. S. naif re — ne, not, 
and cefre, ever.] 

NEVERTHELESS (nev-er-ffce-les'), conj. Not 
the less; in spite of that. 

SYN. But; however; yet; still; notwith- 
standing. 

NEW (nu), a. [comp. NEWER; superl. NEW- 
EST.] 1. Having happened or originated 
lately. 2. Not before known. 3. Not of 
an ancient family. 4. Renovated. 5. Un- 
accustomed. [A. S. nlwe, neowe.] 

SYN. Fresh; recent; modern; novel; 
strange; unusual; untried. ANT. Old; an- 
cient; antique; antiquated; obsolete. 

NEWARK (nu'ark), n. City, New Jersey, on 
Passaic river. 

NEW BRUNSWICK. Province, Canada. Area, 
27,911 sq. m. 

NEW CALEDONIA. French island, S. Pacific 
Ocean. Area 7,650 sq.m. 

Newcastle-upon-Tyne, city in England. 

NEWEL (nu'el), n. 1. Upright post from which 
the steps of a winding staircase 
radiate. 2. Large post at foot or 
head of a staircase, supporting 
the hand rail. [O. Fr. nual — ■ 
L.L. nucalis, like^a nut — L. nux, 
nut.] 

New England. Maine, New 

Hampshire, Vermont, Massa- 
chusetts, Rhode Island, and Con- 
necticut. 

NEWFANGLED (nu-fang'gld), a. 
1. Fond of new things. 2. Newly 
devised. [NEW, and A. S. fongol, disposed 
to take.] 

NEW-FASHIONED (nu-fash'und), a. Newly 
fashioned; lately come into fashion. 

NEWFOUNDLAND (nu'fund-land), n. I. British 
island, N. America. Capital, St. John's. Area 
40,200 sq. m. 2. Variety of large water-dog 
from Newfoundland. 

NEW GUINEA (nu gin'e). Large island N. 
of Australia. Divided between the Dutch 
(W), English and Germans (N. E.). Area 
303,421 sq.m. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE (nu hamp'sher). One of 
the U. S. Capital, Concord, Area 9,377 sq. m. 

NEW JERSEY (nu jer'zi). One of the u. s. 
Capital, Trenton. Area 8,173 sq. m. 

NEWLY (nu'li), adv. 1. Recently; freshly. 2. 
In a new manner; afresh; anew. 

NEW MEXICO (nu meks'i-ko). One of the 
U.S. Act of Aug. 21.. 1911. Area 122,687 sq. m. 




Newel Post. 



NEWNESS (nu'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
new. 

New ORLEANS (nu ar'le-anz). Chief city of 
Louisiana. 

NEWPORT (nu'port), n. City in Rhode Island. 

NEWS (nuz), n. 1. Something new. 2. Recent 
account; fresh information of something that 
has just happened. [Fr. nouvelles, news, prop, 
pi. of nouvelle, new.] 

NEWS-AGENCY (nuz'a-jen-si), n. [pi. NEWS'- 
AGENCIES.] 1. Bureau for furnishing tele- 
graphic news to the daily press. 2. News- 
company. 

NEWS-AGENT (nuz'a-jent), n. Dealer in news- 
papers and other periodicals. 

NEWSBOY (nuz'boi), n. Boy who sells or dis- 
tributes newspapers. 

NEWS-COMPANY (nuz'kum-pa-ni), n. Com- 
pany or firm that supplies newspapers and 
other periodicals to news-agents. 

NEWSMAN (nuz'man), n. [pi. NEWS'MEN.] 
Man who sells or delivers newspapers. 

NEWSMONGER (nuz'mung-ger), n. One who 
sells or deals in news; a gossip. 

New South Wales. British colony in 

Australia. Area 310,367 sq. m. 

NEWSPAPER (nuz'pa-per), n. Paper published 
periodically for circulating news, etc. 

NEW-STYLE (nu'stil), n. Gregorian (as op- 
posed to the Julian) method of reckoning the 
calendar. 

NEWSY (nu'zi), a. Full of news. 

NEWT (nut), n. Small amphibious animal simi- 
lar in shape to a lizard but without scales; 
salamander. [M. E. an ewt — A. S. eft, efeta. 
Cf. L. Ger. efditz, lizard.] 

New Year (nu yer), New Year»s day 

(nu yerz da). First day of the year; January 1. 
NEW YORK (nu yark). I. One of the U. S. 

Capital, Albany. Area 53,719 sq. m. 
NEW YORK (nu yark). Metropolis of the 

state of New York and chief commercial city 

of the U. S., on mouth of Hudson River. 
NEW ZEALAND (nu ze'land). British colony, 

S. Pacific. Area 104,751 sq. m. 
NEXT (nekst), I. a. Nearest in place, time, order, 

degree, rank, relation, etc. II. adv. Nearest; 

immediately after. [A. S. neahst, nyhst, superl. 

of neah, near.] 
NIAGARA | (ni-ag'a-ra) FALLS. Waterfall, 

Niagara River, between U. S. and Canada. 
NIB (nib), n. Something small and pointed; 

point, especially of a pen. [Same as NEB.] 
NIB (nib), vt. [pr.p. NIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 

NIBBED (nibd).] Provide with a nib; sharpen 

the nib of. 
NIBBED (nibd), a. Having a nib 
NIBBLE (nib'l), v. [pr.p. NIB'BLING; p.U and 

p.p. NIBBLED (nib'ld).] I. vt. 1. Bite little 

by little; eat in small bits. 2. Bite without 

swallowing, as a fish does the bait. II. vi. 1. 

Bite gently. 2. Cavil. [Freq. of NIP.] 



ffite, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NIBBLE 



757 



NIFTY 



NIBBLE (nib'l), n. 1. Act of nibbling. 2. Lit- 
tle bite, as of a fish at the bait. 

NIBBLER (nib'ler), n. One who or that which 
nibbles. 

NlBELUNGEN (ne'bel-ong-gen), n.pl. Ger. 
Myth. Supernatural race who guarded a treas- 
ure wrested from them by Siegfried, the hero 
of the Niebelungenlied, an epic of about 
1190-1310. 

NIBLICK (nib'lik), n. Golf club with a cup- 
shaped iron head. 

NICARAGUA (nik-a-ra/gwa; Sp. ne-ka-ra'gwa), 
n. Republic in Central America. Capital, 
Managua. Area 49,200 sq. m. 

NlCARAGUAN (nik-a-ra'gwan), n. Native or 
inhabitant of Nicaragua. 

NlCE (nes), n. French Sea- 
port and health resort on 
the Mediterranean. 

NICE (nis), a. [comp. NI'CER; 
superl. NI'CEST.j 1. Fool- 
ishly particular; hard to 
please; fastidious. 2. Re- 
quiring refinement of ap- 
prehension or delicacy of 
treatment. 3. Exact. 4. Jose Santos Zelaya, 
Delicate ; dainty. 5. Agree- ex-president of Nic- 




able; delightful. [O. Fr. 



aragua. 



nice, foolish — L. nescius, ignorant.] 

SYN. Fastidious; neat; fine; pleasant. 
ANT. Coarse; nasty. 

NICELY (nis'li), adv. In a nice manner. 

NlCENE (ni'sen), a. Pertaining to the town of 
Nice or Nicaea, in Bithynia, Asia Minor, where 
an ecumenical council was held in A. D. 325 
for the purpose of defining the questions raised 
in the Arian controversy — it promulgated the 
Nicene Creed, which was completed at the 
Council of Constantinople, A. D. 381. 

NICETY (ni'se-ti), n. [pi. NI'CETIES.] 1. Qual- 
ity of being nice. 2. Delicate management; 
delicacy of perception. 3. Subtlety; precision. 
4. Fastidiousness; squeamishness. — To a 
nicety, with great exactness; to a turn. 

NICHE (nich), n. 1. Recess in a wall for a statue, 
ete. 2. One's appointed or appropriate place. 
[It. nicchia — L. mitulus, sea-shell.] 

NICK (nik), n. 1. Notch cut into something. 2. 
Score or tally. 3. Precise moment of time. 
[Another form of NOTCH.] 

NICK (nik), vt. [pr.p. NICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
NICKED (nikt).] 1. Cut in notches; make 
nicks in. 2. Hit or fit exactly. 

NlCK (nik), n. The devil? also called Old 
Nick. [A. S. nicor, water-spirit. See NIX.] 

NICKED (nikt), a. Having nicks or indentations; 
notched. 

NICKEL (nik'ei), n. 1. Grayish-white metal, 
very malleable and ductile. 2. U. S. nickel 
coin, of the value of five cents. [Sw. and 
Ger. — Sw. kopparnickel, lump of copper. 
Cf. Ice. hnikill, lump.] 

NICKELODEON (nik-el-6'de-un), n. Five-cent 



theater or motion-picture show. [NICKEL 
and ODEON.] 

NICKNACK (nik'nak), n. Trifle. Same as 
KNICKKNACK. 

NICKNAME (nik'nam), n. Name given in con- 
tempt or sportive familiarity. [Corrup. of 
M. E. an ekename, an additional name. Cf. 
Sw. oeknamm — L. Ger. oeklnam. See EKE.] 

NICKNAME (nik'nam), vt. [pr.p. NICKNA- 
MING; p.t. and p.p. NICKNAMED (nik'- 
namd).] Give a nickname to; call by a nick- 
name. 

NICOTINE (nik'o-tin or nik'o-ten), n. Poisonous 
volatile alkaloid base obtained from the tobac- 
co plant. [After Jean Nicot, who sent the first 
tobacco to France from Lisbon.] 

NICOTINISM (nik'o-tin-izm), n. Morbid state 
induced by excessive misuse of tobacco. 

NICTITATE (nik'ti-tat). vi. [pr.p. NICTITA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. NICTITATED.] To wink. 
— Nictitating membrane, a thin movable 
membrane covering the eyes of birds. [L. 
nictito, freq. of nicto, wink.] 

NICTITATION (nik-ti-ta'shun), n. Act of wink- 
ing. 

NIDGING (nij'ing), a. Insignificant. [O. Fr. 
niger, trifle.] 

NlDHUG (nid'hog), n. Norse Myth. A serpent 
or monster incessantly gnawing at the root of 
the tree Ygdrasil. 

NIDIFICANT (nid'i-fi-kant), a. Nest-building. 

NIDIFICATE (nid'i-fi-kat), vi. [pr.p. NID'IFI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. NIDIFICATED.] 
Make or build a nest. [L. nidifico — nidus, 
nest, and facio, make.] 

NIDIFICATION (nid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act or 
process of building a nest. 

NIDIFY (nid'i-fi), vi. [pr.p. NID'IFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. NIDIFIED (nid'i-fid).] Nidificate. 

NIDOROUS (ni'dur-us), a. Steaming and reek- 
ing, as in cooking. [L.] 

NIDULANT (nid'u-lant), a. Bot. Lying free in 
a cup-shaped body, or in pulp. [L. nidulans, 
pr.p. of nidulor, nestle — nidus, nest.] 

NIDUS (ni'dus), n. [pi. NIDI (n:'di).] Nest. 
[L.] 

NIECE (nes), n. Daughter of a brother or sister. 
[Fr. niece.] 

NIELLO (ni-el'6), n. Rich design in black on 
silver ground, or conversely in silver on black 
ground, the black consisting of alloy, with 
which the grooves in the silver are filled. [It. 
— L. nigelluin, blackish.] 

NlFLHEIM (nif'1-him), n. Norse Myth. The 
cold world of fog in the North; in the midst 
was the spring from which flowed ten rivers. 

NlFLHEL (nif'1-hel), n. Norse Myth. Abode of 
dead below the earth, surrounded by a wall 
and a swift river running over bed of swords; 
approached by bridge guarded by the maiden 
Modgud. 

NIFTY (nif'ti), a. Stylish; modish; dressy. (Col- 
loq.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NIGER 



758 



NIOBE 



NlGEB (ni'jer), «. River, W. Equatorial Africa, 

falls Into Gulf of Guinea. 
NIGGARD (nig'ard), I. n. Miser. II. a. Mean- 
ly avaricious. [A. S. hnedw, stingy.] 
NIGGARDLINESS (nig'ard-li-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being niggardly. 
NIGGARDLY (nig'ard-li), a. Meanly sparing 

or parsimonious. 
NIGGER (nig'er), n. 1. Opprobrious appella- 
tion for a negro. 2. Slave; menial. [L. 
niger, black.] 
NIGH (ni), I. a. Near; not remote in time, etc.; 
close. II. adv. Near; almost. III. prep. 
Near to. [A. S. nedh.] 
NIGHT (nit), n. 1. Time from sunset to sun- 
rise. 2. Darkness, intellectual or moral; 
state of adversity; death. [A. S. niht, prob. — 
Sans, nac, vanish.] 
NIGHTCAP (nit'kap), n. 1. Cap worn at night 
in bed. 2. Dram taken before going to bed. 
NIGHTCLOTHES (nif- 
kldfftz), n.pl. Gar- 
ments worn in bed. 
NIGHTFALL (nit'fal), 
n. The close of the 
day; evening. 
NIGHTGOWN (nif- 
gown), n. 1. Long 
loose robe for sleep- 
ing in. 2. Loose 
gown for wearing in 
the house. 
NIGHT-HAWK (nif- 
hak), n. Species of 
migratory bird {Chor- 
deiles virginianus), 
common in Americao 
NIGHT-HERON (nit'her-un), n. Nocturnal 
bird of the family Ardeidce, of which there 
are two genera {Nycticorax and Nyctanassa), 
and various species. 
NIGHTINGALE (nit'in-gal), n. Small bird (DttM- 
lius luscinia) celebrated 
for its singing at night. 
[A. S. nihtegale — niht, 
night, and galan, sing. 
NIGHT-KEY (nit'ke), n. 
Key that works a night- 
latch. 
NIGHT-LATCH (nit- 
lach), n. Spring-latch 
that may be opened by 
a key from the outside. 
NIGHTLY (nit'li), I. a. 

Done or happening by night or every night. 
II. adv. By night; every night. 
NIGHTMARE (nit'mar), n. Dream accompanied 
with pressure on the breast, and a feeling of 
powerlessness of motion or speech. [A. S. 
niht, night, and mara, incubus.] 
NIGHT-OWL (nit'owl), n. 1. Owl of exclusively 
nocturnal habits. 2. Person who sits up 
late at night. 




Night-hawk. 




Nightingale. 



Name of several 




Black Nightshade 
{Solarium nigrum). 



long. 
Same as 



NIGHTSHADE (nit'shad), n. 
plants having narcotic prop- 
erties. 
NIGHTSHIRT (nit'shert), n. 
Shirt worn at night, for 
sleeping in. 
NIGHT-WALKER (nitwak- 
er), n. 1. One who walks 
in his sleep. 2. One who 
prowls about at night. 
NIHILISM (nihil-izm), n. 1. 
Belief in nothing. , 2. In 
Russia, the system of so- 
cialists, seeking to overturn 
all the existing institu- 
tions of society. [L. nihil, 
nothing.] 
NIHILIST (ni'hil-ist), n. One 

who professes nihilism.] 
NlJNI-NoVGOROD (nij'ne-nov'go-rod), n. 

City, Russia, on the Volga River. 
NIL (nil), n. Nothing. [L., contr. of nihil, 

nothing.] 
NlLE (nil), n. River, Africa, 3000 m. 
NILGAU (nil'ga), NILGAI (nil'gi), n. 

NYLGHAU. 
NIMBED (nimbd), a. Having a nimbus. 
NIMBLE (nim'bl), a. Light and quick in motion. 
[A. S. numul, quick at catching — niman (Ger. 
nehmen), take.] 

SYN. Agile; quick; brisk; sprightly. 
ANT. Clumsy; dilatory; slow. 
NIMBLENESS (nim'bl-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being nimble. 

NIMBLY (nim'bli), adv. In a nimble manner. 

NIMBUS (nimbus), n. 1. Rain-cloud. 2. Circle 

or disk of light round the heads of saints, etc. 

[L.] 

NINCOMPOOP (nin'kum-pop), n. Fool. [L. non 

compos {mentis).'] 
NINE (nin), a. and n. Eight and one. [A. S. 

nigon.] 

NINEFOLD (nin'fold), a. Nine times repeated. 

NINEPINS (nin'pinz), n. Game in which nine 

large wooden pins are set up to be bowled at. 

NINETEEN (nin-ten), a. and n. Nine and ten. 

[A. S. nigontyne.] 
NINETY (nin'ti), a. and n. Nine times ten. [A. 

S. nigontig.] 
NlNEVEH (nin'e-ve), n. Ruins of the ancient 

capital of Assyria, on the Tigris 
NINNY (nin'i), n. [pi. NIN'NIES.] Simpleton; 

fool. [It. ninno, child.] 
NINTH (ninth), I. a. Last of nine; next after the 
8th. II. n. One of nine equal parts. [A. S. 
nigotha.] 
NINTHLY (ninth'li), adv. In the ninth place. 
NlOBE (ni-6'be), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Tantalus and wife of Amphion, who, prefer- 
ring herself to Latona, had her fourteen chil- 
dren killed by Diana and Apollo, and, over- 
whelmed with grief, was turned into a statue 
of stone. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NIP 



759 



NODULE 



NIP (nip), n. Sip. [Ger. nippen, take a sip.] 

NIP (nip), vi. [pr.p. NIP'PING; p.U and p.p. 
NIPPED (nipt).] Take a dram. 

NIP (nip), vt. [pr.p. NIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
NIPPED (nipt).] 1. Pinch. 2. Cut off the 
edge, end or point of, as with a pair of pincers. 
3. Check the growth or vigor of. [From root 
of KNIFE. Dut. knippen — Ger. Jcneipen.] 

NIP (nip), ii. 1. Pinch. 2. A pinching or cut- 
ting off the end. 3. Sudden blight, as by 
frost. 4. Naut. Short turn in a rope. 

NIPPER (nip'er), 
n. 1. One who 
or that which 
nips. 2. One 
of the fore-teeth 
of a horse. 3. 
[pi.] Small pin- 
cers or grasp- 
ing-tool. 

NIPPLE (nip'l), n. 
1. Mammilla; 
teat. 2. Small 
projection with 
an orifice ; as, 
the nipple of a gun. 

NlRVANA (nir-vii'na), n 




Nippers. 
[A dim. of NIB.] 



The ideal state to 
which the Buddhist saint aspires; originally, 
extinction of existence. [Sans.] 

NIT (nit), n. Egg of a louse or other small in- 
sect. [A. S. Jinitu.] 

NITER, NITRE (ni'ter), n. Nitrate of potash. 
[Fr. — Gr. nitron, soda.] 

NITRATE (nl'trat), n. Salt of nitric acid. — 
Nitrate of silver, lunar caustic. 

NITRIC (ni'trik), a. Pertaining to, containing, 
or resembling, niter. 

NITRIFICATION (ni-tri-fi-ka'shun), n. Client. 
Formation into a nitrate fertilizer. 

NITROGEN (ni'tro-jen), n. Colorless, tasteless 
and odorless gas forming nearly four-fifths of 
the atmospheric air by volume. [Gr. nitron, 
soda, and gennao, generate.] 

NITROGENOUS (ni-troj'e-nus), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or containing, nitrogen. 

NITROGLYCERINE (nl-tro-glis'er-in), n. Ex- 
plosive compound produced by the action of 
nitric and sulphuric acids on glycerine. 

NITROLIME (ni'tro-lim), n. Same as AIR- 
SALTPETER. 

NITROLIN, NITROLINE (ni'tro-lin), n. Chem. 
High and powerful explosive, composed of 
sugar, nitric acid, cellulose and saltpeter, 
mixed under a high air pressure. 

NITROUS (ni'trus), a. Resembling or containing 
niter. — Nitrous oxide, laughing gas. 

NIX (niks), NIXIE (niks'i), n. Water sprite, good 
or bad. [Ger. nix (fern, nixe).] 

NjORD (nyord), n. Norse Myth. Ruler of the 
wind and sea; god of the sailors and fisher- 
men; father of Frey and Freyja. 

NO (no), a. Not any; not one; none. [Short 
for NONE.] 



NO (no), adv. Word of reTusal or denial. [A. S. 
nd, compounded of ne, not, and d, ever.] 

NO (no), n. [pi. NOES (noz).] 1. Negative reply. 
2. Negative vote, or negative voter. 

NOB (nob), n. Superior sort of person. [A 
familiar contr. of NOBLEMAN.] 

NOBBY (nob'i), a. Stylish; elegant; swell. 
(Slang.) 

NOBILITY (no-bil'i-ti), n. 1. Superiority in 
rank, character, etc. 2. Peerage. 

NOBLE (no'bl), I. a. [comp. NO'BLER; superl. 
NO'BLEST.] 1, Exalted in rank, or high 
birth. 2. High in excellence. 3. Generous. 
II. n. Person of exalted rank; peer. [Fr. — L. 
nobilis, well known — nosco, know.] 

NOBLEMAN (no'bl-man), n. [pi. NO'BLEMEN.J 
One of the nobility; peer; noble. 

NOBLE-MINDED (no'bl-mind-ed), a. Magnan- 
imous. 

NOBLENESS (no'bl-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being noble. 

NOBLESSE (no-Dies'), n. 1. Nobility; mag- 
nanimity. 2. The nobility. — Noblesse oblige 
(no-bles o-blezh'), nobility obliges. [Fr.] 

NOBLY (no'bli), adv. In a noble manner. 

NOBODY (no'bod-i), n. [pi. NOBODIES.] 1. 
No person. 2. Person of no account. 

NOCTAMBULIST (nokt-am'bu-list), n. One who 
walks in his sleep. [L. nox, night, and am- 
bulo, walk.] 

NOCTURN (nok'turn), n. Religious service at 
night. [L. nocturnus — nox, night.] 

NOCTURNAL (nok-tur'nal), a. Pertaining to 
night; happening by night; roaming at night. 

NOCTURNE (nok'turn), n. 1. Painting show- 
ing a scene by night. 2. Piece of music of a 
dreamy character suitable to evening or night 
thoughts; serenade. 

NOD (nod), v. [pr.p. NOD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
NODDED.] I. vi. 1. Give a quick forward 
motion of the head. 2. Let the head drop in 
weariness. 3. Be drowsy. II. vt. 1. Incline. 
2. Signify by a nod. [M. E. nodden.] 

NOD (nod), n. 1. Quick declination of the head. 
2. Quick declination of the top of anything, 
as a tree. 

NODAL (no'dal), a. Pertaining to nodes. [See 
NODE.] 

NODDLE (nodi), n. Head. [O. Dut. knodde, 
knob.] 

NODE (nod), n. 1. Knot; knob. 2. One of the 
two points at which the orbit of a planet inter- 
sects the ecliptic. 3. Point where a curve 
intersects itself. 4. Joint of a stem or place 
where the leaves grow out. [L. nodus (for 
gnodus). Allied to KNOT.] 

NODON (no-dang'), n. Chem. Solution consist- 
ing of ammonium phosphate and water used 
as an electrolytic rectifier. [From Prof. A. 
L. C. Nodon, French scientist.] 

NODOSE (nd'dosh «• Having knots or swelling 
joints; knotty. 

NODULE (nod'ul), n. Little knot or.lump. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kn=cft in Scotch foch, 



NOEL 



760 



NONES 



NOEL (no'el), n. Same as NOWEL. 

NOISE (noiz), n. 1. Sound. 2. Overloud sound; 
din. 3. Loud talk; rumor. [O. Fr. noise.] 

SYN. Clamor; clatter; racket; hubbub; 
uproar. ANT. Quiet; silence; stillness. 

NOISE (noiz), vt. [pr.p. NOIS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NOISED (noizd).] Spread by rumor or report. 

NOISELESS (noiz'les), a. Without noise; silent. 

NOISELESSLY (noiz'les-li), adv. In a noiseless 
manner. 

NOISELESSNESS (noiz'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being noiseless. 

NOISILY (noiz'i-li), adv. In a noisy manner. 

NOISINESS (noiz'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being noisy. 

NOISOME (noi'sum), a. 1. Unhealthy. 2. Dis- 
gusting. 

SYN. Unwholesome; insalubrious; nox- 
ious; offensive; destructive; foul. ANT. 
Wholesome; salutary; salubrious; healthful. 

NOISOMELY (noi'sum-li), adv. In a noisome 
manner. 

NOISOMENESS (noi'sum-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being noisome. 

NOISY (noiz'i), a. Making a loud noise or sound; 
clamorous; turbulent. 

SYN. Blustering; boisterous; blatant; 
brawling; vociferous; uproarious. ANT. 
Noiseless; quiet; silent; hushed; still; in- 
audible. 

NOLLE PROSEQUI (nolle pros'e-kwi). Formal 
discontinuance of a legal proceeding, either 
civil or criminal. [L., refuse to prosecute.] 

NOMAD (nom'ad), n. One of a tribe that wan- 
ders about in quest of game, or of pasture. 
[Gr. nomas — nomos, pasture.] 

NOMADIC (no-mad'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
resembling nomads; wandering. 

NOMENCLATURE (nomen-kla-tur), n. 1. 
System of naming. 2. Technical terms of a 
science. 

N03IINAL (nom'i-nal), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
name. 2. Existing only in name. 3. Formed 
from a noun. [L. nominalis — notnen, name.] 

NOMINALISM (nom'i-nal-izm), n. Doctrine 
that general terms have no corresponding 
reality either in or out of the mind, being mere 
words. 

NOMINALLY (nom'i-nal-i), adv. By name; in 
name only; not in reality. 

NOMINATE (nomi-nat), vt. [pr.p. NOMINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. NOMINATED.] Name; 
appoint; propose by name. [L. nomino.] 

N03IINATI01V (nom-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act or 
power of nominating. 2. State of being 
nominated. 

NOMINATIVE (nom'i-na-tiv), I. a. 1. Naming. 
2. Gram. Applied to the case of the subject. 
II. n. Case of the subject. 

NOMINATOR (nom'i-na-tur), n. One who nom- 
inates. 

NOMINEE (nom-i-ne'), n. One nominated, or 
appointed. 



-NOMY, suffix. Science of; as, astronomy, 
[Gr. -nomia — nomos, law.] 

NON-, prefix. Usually denoting simple nega- 
tion, as in now-existing, non-payment. [L. 
non, not.] 

NONAGE (non'aj), n. State of being not of age; 
minority. 

NONAGENARIAN (non-a-je-na'ri-an), n. One 
ninety years old. [L. nonageni, ninety each.] 

NONCE (nons), n. Present time or occasion; 
as, for the nonce. [See ONCE.] 

NONCHALANCE (nang-sha-langs'), n. Cool- 
ness; indifference. [Fr.] 

NONCHALANT (nang-sha-lang'), a. Careless; 
reckless; cool; indifferent. [Fr. non, not, and 
chaloir, get hot.] 

NON-COMBATANT (non-kom'bat-ant), n. 1. 
Any one connected with an army who is 
there for some other purpose than that of 
fighting, as a surgeon, nurse, etc. 2. Civilian 
in time of war. 

NON-COMMISSIONED (non-kom-mish'und), a. 
Not having a commission (from the President), 
as an officer in the army or navy below the 
rank of lieutenant. 

NON-COMMITTAL (non-kom-mit'al), a. Un- 
willing to express an opinion; not pledging to 
any course or view. 

NON COMPOS MENTIS (non kom'pos mentis). 
Not of sound mind. [L.] 

NON-CONCURRENCE (non-kon-kur'ens), n. 
Dissent; refusal to agree. 

NON-CONDUCTOR (non-kon-duktiir), n. Sub- 
stance which does not transmit certain proper- 
ties or conditions, as heat or electricity: insu- 
lator. 

NON-CONFOR31IST (non-kon-farm'ist), n. One 
who does not conform; especially one who 
refused to conform to the established Church 
of England at the restoration of Charles II. 

NON-CONFOR3JITY (non-kon-farm'i-ti), n. 1. 
Want of conformity. 2. In England, refusal 
to unite with the established church. 

NON-CONTENT (non'kon-tent or non-kon- 
tent'), n. 1. One not content. 2. In the 
British House of Lords, one giving a negative 
vote. 

NONDESCRIPT (non'de-skript), I. a. 1. Novel. 
2. Odd; unclassifiable. II. n. 1. Anything 
not yet described or classed. 2. Person or 
thing not easily described or classed. [L. non, 
not, and descriptus, described.] 

NONE (nun), a. and pron., sing, and pi. Not 
one; not any; not the smallest part. [A. S. 
non — ne, not, and an, one.] 

NON-EGO (non-e'go), n. The external or ob- 
jective in perception or thought; whatever is 
not the conscious self; the not I. [L., not I.] 

NONENTITY (non-en'ti-ti), n. [pi. NONENTI- 
TIES (non-en'ti-tiz).] 1. Want of entity or 
being. 2. Thing not existing. 3. Person or 
thing of no value. 

NONES (nonz), n. pi. 1. In the Roman calendar, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, hum, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



NON-ESSENTIAL 



761 



NORTH 



the ninth day before the ides — the 5th of Jan., 
Feb., April, June, Aug., Sept., Nov., Dec., and 
the 7th of the other months. 2. In Roman 
Catholic Church, season of prayer observed at 
noon (formerly at 3 P. M., the ninth hour). 
[L. nonus, ninth — novem, nine.] 

NON-ESSENTIAL (non-es-sen'shal), I. a. Not 
essential. II. n. Something that may be 
done without. 

NONESUCH (nun'such), n. Thing superior to 
all others. 

NON-EXISTENCE (non-egz-ist'ens), n. 1. State 
of not existing. 2. That which does not exist. 

NON-EXISTENT (non-egz-ist'ent), c. Not ex- 
isting. 

NON-EXISTING (non-egz-ist'ing) a. Having 
no existence. 

NON-FULFILLMENT (non-fol-fil'ment), n. Fail- 
ure or neglect to fulfill. 

NONILLION (no-nil'yun), n. According to the 
French and American system of enumeration, 
a unit with 30 ciphers annexed — a thousand 
raised to the tenth power; in the English sys- 
tem, a unit with 54 ciphers annexed — a mil- 
lion raised to the ninth power. [L. nonus, 
ninth, and MILLION.] 

NON-JURING (non-jo'ring), a. Not taking the 
oath of allegiance. 

NON-OBSERVANCE (non-ob-zerv'ans), n. Fail- 
ure or neglect to observe. 

NONPAREIL (non-pa-rel'), I. n. 1. Person or 
thing without an equal. 2. Unqualified ex- 
cellence. 3. Small printing type between 
minion and agate. 
J£iF° This line is printed in nonpareil. 
II. a. Without an equal; matchless. [Fr. 
non, not, and pareil, equal.] 

NON-PAYMENT (non-pa'ment), n. Failure or 
neglect to pay. 

NONPLUS (nonplus), vt. [pr.p. NONPLUSING; 
p.t. and p.p. NONPLUSED (non'plust).] Throw 
Into complete perplexity; confound; puzzle. 
[L. non, not, and plus, more.] 

NONPLUS (non'plus), n. State in which no 
more can be done or said; great difficulty. 

NON-RESIDENT (non-rez'i-dent), I. a. Not re- 
siding in a place. II. n. Non-resident person. 

NON-RESISTANCE (non-re-zist'ans), n. Pas- 
sive submission, as to injustice. 

NONSENSE (non'sens), n. 1. Absurd talk or 
actions. 2. Trifles. 

SYN. Folly; absurdity; balderdash; silli- 
ness; stuff; twaddle; trash. ANT. Sense; 
wisdom; truth; fact; gravity; reason. 

NONSENSICAL (non-sen'sik-al), a. Without 
sense; absurd. 

NON SEQUITUR (non sek'wi-tur). A conclusion 
that does not follow from the premises. [L. 
non, not, and 3d sing. pres. ind. of sequor, fol- 
low.] 

NONSUIT (non'sut), n. Withdrawal of a suit at 
law, either voluntarily or by the judgment of 
the court. 



NOODLE (nodi), n. Simpleton; blockhead. 
(Colloq.) 

NOODLE (no'dl), n. Dough formed in strips, 
dried, and used in soups. [Ger. nudel.] 

NOOK (nok), n. Narrow secluded retreat; corner. 
[Gael, niuc] 

NOON (non), I. n. Midday; time when the sun 
is in the meridian. II. a. Belonging to mid- 
day; meridional. [A. S. non — L. nona (hora), 
ninth (hour). See NONES.] 

NOONDAY (non'da), n. Midday. 

NOONTIDE (non'tid), n. Time of noon; midday. 

NOOSE (nos), n. Loop formed with a running 
knot. [O. Fr. nous, pi. of nou — L. nodus, knot.] 

NOOSE (nos), vt. [pr.p. NOOS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NOOSED (nost).] Tie or catch in a noose. 

NOR (nar), conj. Particle marking the second 
part of a negative proposition; correlative to 
NEITHER or NOT. [Contr. of NEITHER.] 

NORFOLK (nar'fok), n. Seaport in Virginia. 

NORIA (nd'ri-a), n. Water-raising machine 
driven by the current of a river, with traveling 
buckets ranged round the rim of a wheel, sub- 
merged below and discharging at the greatest 
point of elevation. [Sp.] 

NORMAL (nar'mal), I. a. 1. According to rule; 
regular. 2.*31odel; standard. 3. Perpendicular. 
II. n. Geom. Straight line drawn from a 
circle at any point forming a right angle with 
the tangent from same point. — Normal school* 
schoolfortrainingteachers. 

NORMALITY (nar-mal'i-ti), 
n. Quality or state of being 
normal. 

NORMALLY (nar'mal-i), adv. 
In a normal manner. 

NORMAN (nar'man), I. n. 
[pi. NOR'MANS.] Native or 
inhabitant of Normandy, 
II. a. Pertaining to the 
Normans or to Normandy. 
[The invading Northmen 
from Scandinavia gave the name to Normandy.] 

iVoRSE (nars), I. c. Pertaining to ancient 
Scandinavia. II. n. Language of ancient Scan- 
dinavia. [Norw. 
Norsk (=Northisk) 
from NORTH.] 

NORTH (narth), I. n. 

I. One of the four 
cardinal points of 
the compass; op- 
posedto SOUTH. 2. 
Region, district, or 
part of country ly- 
ing to the north. 

II. a. Lying or be- 
ing in the north; 
northern. — North 
pole, northern ex- 
tremity of the 
earth's axis, first 




Norman. 




Diagram of North Pole 
Region. 



reached by Commander 
Robt. E. Peary, April 6, 1909. [A. S. north.] 



fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gudc; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NORTH CAPE 



762 



NOTARIAL 



NORTH CAPE. N. point of Europe, on Mageroe 
Island, Norway. 

North Carolina (kar-o-ii'na). one of the 

U. S. Capital, Raleigh. Area 52,674 sq. m. 

North Dakota (da-ko-ta). one of the 

U. S. Capital, Bismarck. Area 70,879 sq. m. 

NORTHEAST (narth-esf), I. n. Point between 
the north and east, equidistant from each. 
II. a. Belonging to, coming from or moving 
toward the northeast. 

NORTHEASTER (narth-est'er), n. Brisk wind 
or gale blowing from the northeast. 

NORTHEASTERLY (narth-est'er-li), a. Toward 
or coming from the northeast. 

NORTHEASTERN (narth-est'ern), a. Belong- 
ing to the northeast; being in the northeast, 
or in that direction. 

NORTHEASTWARD (narth-est'ward), adv. To- 
wards the northeast. 

NORTHER (nartft'er), n. Violent north wind. 

NORTHERLY (narffc'er-li), I. o. Being towards 
the north; from the north. II. adv. Toward 
or from the north. 

NORTHERN (nattft'ern), a. Pertaining to the 
north; being in the north or in direction to- 
wards it. — Northern lights, aurora borealis. 

NORTHERNER (nartft'ern-er), n. Native of, 
or resident in, the north. 

NORTHERNMOST (nartfc'ern-most), NORTH- 
MOST (narth'most), a. Situate at the point 
farthest north. 

NORTHING (narth'ing), n. 1. Motion, distance, 
or tendency northward. 2. Astron. Distance 
of a heavenly body from the equator north- 

._ ward. 

NORTHLAND (narth'land), n. Land in the 

__north. 

NORTHMAN (narth'man), n. [pi. NORTHMEN.] 
One of the ancient Scan- 
dinavians. 

NORTH POLE. See NORTH 

North Sea. Between 

Great Britain, Germany 
and Scandinavia. 

NORTHWARD (narth'ward), 
NORTHWARDLY (narth'- 
ward-li), a. Being toward 
the north. 

NORTHWARD (narth'ward), 
NORTHWARDS (narth'- 
wardz), adv. In a north 
or northerly direction; towards the north. 

NORTHWEST (narth-wesf), I. n. Point be- 
tween the north and west, equidistant from 
each. II. a. Pertaining to or from the north- 
west. 

NORTHWESTER (narth-west'er), n. Gale from 
the northwest. 

NORTHWESTERLY (narth-west'er-li), a. To- 
ward or from the northwest. 

NORTHWESTERN (narth-west'ern), a. Per- 
taining to, or being in, the northwest or in 
that direction. 




Northman. 



Part 




Henrik Ibsen, Nor- 
wegian dramatic 
poet. Born 1828. 



Northwest Frontier Province 

of British India. Area 16,466 sq. m. 

NORWAY (nar'wa), .i. Northernmost country 
of Europe. Area 124,130 sq. m. 

NORWEGIAN (nar-we'ji-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to Norway. II. n. Native of 
Norway. 

NORWICH (nor'ij), n. City in 
E. England, on the Wensum 
River. 

NORWICH (nar'wich), n. 
City and seaport in Con- 
necticut. 

NOSE (noz), n. 1. Organ of 
smell. 2. Power of smell- 
ing; sagacity. 3. Some- 
thing resembling a nose. 
[A. S. nosu.] 

NOSE (noz), v. [pr.p. NO'- 

SING; p.t. and p.p. NOSED (nozd).] I. vt. 1. 
Smell; scent. 2. Touch with the nose. II. 
vi. Smell; sniff; pry about. 

NOSE-BAG (noz'bag), n. Feed bag for a 
horse. 

NOSEBLEED (noz'bled), n. 1. A bleeding from 
the nose. 2. Yarrow. 

NOSEGAY (noz'ga), n. Bunch of fragrant 
flowers; posy; bouquet. 

NOSOLOGICAL (nos-o-loj'ik-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to nosology. 

NOSOLOGIST (nos-ol'o-jist), n. One who is 
versed in nosology. 

NOSOLOGY (nos-olo-ji), n. Branch of medi- 
cine which treats of the classification and 
nomenclature of diseases. [Gr. nosos, disease, 
and logos, discourse.] 

NOSTALGIA (nos-tal'ji-a), 
especially when morbid, 
and algos, pain.] 

NOSTALGIC (nos-tal'jik), a, 

NOSTRIL (nos'tril), n. One 
of the apertures of the 
nose. [A. S. nosthyrl — 
nos, for nosu, nose, and 
thyrl, door.] 

NOSTRUM (nos'trum), n. 
Medicine the composition 
of which is kept secret; Exteri or wall of left 
quack or patent medicine. nostril. 

[L., OUr OWn nos, We.] A, B and C. Superior, mid- 

..„„ . .. , ^jrr , die and inferior turbinate 

NOT (not), adv. Word ex- bones. D. Upper jaw-bone. 

pressing denial, negation g^S^fSfiS?-^; 

Or refusal. [Same as I. Upper jaw branches of the 

xTATTriiT 1 tripartite nerve. K,L. Tip 

MAtbHI.J of the nose. M. Upper lip. 

NOTABILITY (no-ta-bil'i- N. Nasal bone. 

ti), n. [pi. NOTABILITIES.] 1. State of Be- 
ing notable. 2. Notable person or thing. 

NOTABLE (no'ta-bl), I. a. 1. Worthy of being 
noted; remarkable; distinguished. 2. Plain. 
II. n. Person or thing worthy of note. 

NOTABLY (no'ta-bli), adv. In a notable manner 
or degree. 

NOTARIAL (no-tari-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining 



n. Homesickness, 

[Gr. nostos, return, 

Homesick. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
H—u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, therx, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






NOTARY 



763 



NO VENA 



to a notary. 2. Executed or taken by a 
notary. 

NOTARY (no'ta-ri), n. [pi. NO'TARIES.] Officer 
authorized to attest signatures in deeds, con- 
tracts, etc., administer oaths, take depositions, 
etc. [L. notarius.] 

NOTATION (no-ta/shun), n. 1. Act or practice 
of recording by marks or symbols. 2« System 
of signs or symbols. [L. notatio — nota, mark.] 

NOTCH (noch), n. Nick cut in anything. [See 
NICK, notch.] 

NOTCH (noch), vt. [pr.p. NOTCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. NOTCHED (nocht).] Cut a notch or nick 
in; make notches in. 

NOTE (not), n. 1. That by which a person or 
thing is known; mark or sign. 2. Rrief ex- 
planation; short remark; memorandum. 3. 
Short letter. 4. Diplomatic paper. 5. Music. 
Mark representing a sound, also the sound 
Itself. 6. Paper acknowledging a debt and 
promising payment; as, a bank-nofe, or note 
of hand. 7. Notice; heed; observation. 8. 
Reputation; fame. [Fr. — L. nota — gno, root 
of nosco, know.] 

NOTE (not), vt. [pr.p. NO'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
NO'TED.] 1. i-ake a note of. 2. Notice. 3. 
Attend to. 4. Record in writing. 5. Fur- 
nish with notes; annotate. 6. Set down in 
musical characters. 

NOTE-BOOK (not'bok), n. 1. Book in which 
notes or memoranda are written. 2. Bill-book. 

NOTED (no'ted), a. Well-known; celebrated; 
eminent. 

NOTEDLY (no'ted-li), adv. In a noted or dis- 
tinguished manner. 

NOTEDNESS (no'ted-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being noted. 

NOTELESS (not'les), a. Not attracting notice. 

NOTE-PAPER (not'pa-per), n. Folded writing- 
paper for letters, 5 by 8 inches to a page, or 
smaller. 

NOTEWORTHY (n6t'wur-tM), a. Worthy of 
note or notice. 

NOTHING (nuth'ing), I. n. 1. No thing. 2. 
Non-existence; absence or negation of being. 
3. No part or degree. 4. Anything of no value 
or use; trifle. 5. Cipher. II. adv. In no de- 
gree; not at all. 

NOTHINGNESS (nuth'ing-nes), n. State of be- 
ing nothing. 

NOTICE (nd'tis), n. 1. Act of noting; attention. 
2. Information; warning. 3. Respectful 
treatment. [Fr. — L. notitia — nosco, know.] 
SYN. Observation; heed; note; consid- 
eration; regard; notification; intimation; 
advice; news; intelligence. ANT. Over- 
sight; disregard; neglect; slight. 

NOTICE (nd'tis), vt. [pr.p. NO'TICING; p.t. and 
p.p. NOTICED (no'tist).] 1. Mark or see. 2. 
Regard or attend to. 3. Mention. 4. Make 
observations upon. 5. Treat with civility. 

NOTICEABLE (notis-a-bl), a. Able to be no- 
ticed; worthy of observation. 



NOTICEABLY (no'tis-a-bli), adv. In a notice- 
able manner or degree. 

NOTIFIABLE (no'ti-fi-a-bl), a. Requiring no- 
tice to be given. 

NOTIFICATION (no-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of notifying. 2. Notice given; written no- 
tice. [See NOTIFY.] 

NOTIFY (no'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. NO'TIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. NOTIFIED (no'ti-fld).] Give notice 
or information to. [Fr. notifier — L. notus, 
known, and facio, make.] 

NOTION (no'shun), n. 1. Conception; opinion; 
whinio 2. Intention; disposition. 3. Knick- 
knack; small novelty. [Fr. — L. notio — nosco, 
know.] 

NOTIONAL (no'shun-al), a. 1. Imaginary; not 
real. 2. Whimsical; fanciful. 

NOTORIETY (no-to-ri'e-ti), n. State of being 
notorious; public exposure. 

NOTORIOUS (no-to'ri-us), a. Publicly known 
(now used in a bad sense); infamous. [L. 
notorius, making known.] 

NOTORIOUSLY (no-to'ri-us-li), adv. In a no- 
torious manner or degree. 

NOTORIOUSNESS (no-to'ri-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being notorious. 

NOTWITHSTANDING (not-with-stand'ing), I. 
adv. and conj. Nevertheless; however; yet. 
II. prep. In spite of. 

NOUGAT (no-ga'), n. Confection made of a 
sweet paste filled with chopped almonds. 
[Fr. — L. nux, nucis, nut.] 

NOUGHT (nat), I. n. Not anything; nothing. 
II. adv. In no degree. — Set at nought, despise. 
[Same as NAUGHT.] 

NOUN (nown), n. Gram. Name of anything; 
substantive. [O. Fr. non (Fr. worn) — L. no- 
men. See NAME.] 

NOURISH (nur'ish), vt. [pr.p. NOURISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. NOURISHED (niir'isht).] 1. 
Feed; make grow; bring up. 2. Support; 
encourage. [Fr. nourrir — L. nutrio, nurse.] 

NOURISHMENT (nur'ish-ment), n. 1. Act of 
nourishing or the state of being nourished. 
2. That which nourishes; food. 

NOVA SCOTIA (no'va sko'shi-a). Province of 
Canada. Area 21,428 sq. m. 

NOVA ZeMBLA (nova zem'bla). Uninhab- 
ited Russian island, in Arctic Ocean. 

NOVEL (nov'el), I. a. New; unusual; strange. 
II. n. Fictitious tale; romance. [L. novus, 
new.] 

NOVELETTE (nov-el-ef), n. Small novel. 

NOVELIST (nov'el-ist), n. Novel-writer. 

NOVELTY (nov'el-ti), n. [pi. NOVELTIES 
(nov'el-tiz).] 1. State of being novel; new- 
ness. 2. Anything new or strange. 

NOVEMBER (no-vem'ber), n. Eleventh month 
of the year. [L., ninth month of the old Ro- 
man year — novem, nine.] 

NOVENA (no-vena), n. [pi. NOVE'N^E.] A 
devotion lasting nine days, to obtain a partic- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u to Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NOVICE 



764 



NUMBER 



ular request, or as a preparation for one of the 
greater feasts. [L. novenus, nine each — novem, 
nine ] 

NOVICE (nov'is), n. 1. One new in anything; 
beginner. 2. One newly received into a re- 
ligious order or institution; probationer. [L. 
novus, new.] 

NOVITIATE (no- vish'i-at), n. 1. State or period 
of being a novice. 2. Novice. 

NOVOCAINE (no-vo'ka-in), n. Chem. Power- 
ful anaesthetic used locally in spinal diseases. 

NOW (now), I. adv. 1. At the present time. 2. 
Recently. 3. At the time; meanwhile; on the 
other hand. II. ri. Present time. [A. S. nu.] 

NOWADAYS (now'a-daz), adv. At the present 
time. 

NOWAY (no'wa), NOWAYS (no'waz), adv. In 
no manner or degree. 

NOWEL, NOEL (no'el), n. 1. Joyous shout 
or song at Christmas; Christmas carol. 2. 
Christmas. [O. Fr. nowel, nouel, noel, the na- 
tivity of Christ.] 

NOWHERE (no'hwar), adv. In no place. 

NOWISE (no'wiz), adv. In no degree. 

Nox (noks), n. Greek Myth. The daughter of 
Chaos, and sister of Erebus and Mors; per- 
sonified night, and was the mother of Nemesis 
and the Fates. 

NOXIOUS (nok'shus), a. Injurious; destruc- 
tive; poisonous; corrupting. [L. noxius — 
noxa, harm — noceo, hurt.] 

NOXIOUSLY (nok'shus-li), adv. In a noxious 
manner or degree. 

NOXIOUSNESS (nok'shus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being noxious. 

NOZZLE (noz'l), n. Spout or projecting mouth- 
piece. [Diminutive of NOSE.] 

N-RAYS (en'raz), n.pl. Waves of radiant en- 
ergy emitted by active muscles or tissues, 
and capable of affecting a fluorescent screen 
in a manner similar to the X-rays. [Named 
from Nancy, where discovered by M. R. 
Blondlot, French scientist.] 

NUANCE (nu'ans), n. Delicate degree or shade 
of difference perceived by any of the senses, 
or by the intellect. [Fr. — L. nubes, cloud.] 

NUBIA (nu'bi-a), n. Country in Africa, S. of 
Egypt. 

Nubian (nu'bi-an), i. a. 

Pertaining to Nubia, a re- 
gion in Africa, bordering 
on the Red Sea. II. n. 
One of a race inhabiting 
Nubia, of mixed descent. 

NUCLEAR (nu'kle-ar), a. Of, 
pertaining to, or consti- 
tuting, a nucleus. 

NUCLEATE (nu'kle-at), v. 
[pr.p. NUCLEATING; p.t. 
and p.p. NUCLEATED.] 
into or around a nucleus. 




Nubian. 



I. vt. 
II. vi. 

nucleus; gather around a center. 



Form 
Form a 



NUCLEATED (nukle-a-ted), a. Having a nu- 
cleus. 

NUCLEIN (nu'kle-in), n. Chem. A colorless 
amorphous proteid, a constituent of cell- 
nuclei. 

NUCLEOLE (nu'kle-61) 9 M. Nucleolus. 

NUCLEOLUS (nu-kle'6-lus), n. [pi. NUCLEOLI 
(nu-kle'6-li).] 1. Little nucleus. 2. Strongly 
refracting particle within the nucleus of a 
cell. 

NUCLEOPLASM (nu'kle-6-plazm), n. Sur- 
rounding substance of a nucleus. 

NUCLEUS (nu'kle-us), n. [pi. NUCLEI (nu'kle- 
I).] 1. Central mass round which matter 
gathers; center of development; kernel. 2. 
Biol. Group of nucleoli in a parent cell from 
which new cells originate. 3. Astron. Head 
of a comet. [L., kernel.] 

NUDATION (nu-da'shun), n. Act of baring. 

NUDE (nud), I. a. Naked; bare; undraped. 
II. n. Undraped figure. [L. nudus.] 

NUDELY (nud'li), adv. In a nude manner; 
nakedly. 

NUDENESS (nud'nes), n, Quality or state of 
being nude; nudity. 

NUDGE (nuj), vt. [pr.p. NUDGING; p.t. and p.p. 
NUDGED (nujd).] Push gently, as with the 
elbow, to attract attention or give a hint. 
[Dan. knuge, press.] 

NUDGE (nuj), n. Gentle push with the elbow. 

NUDITY (nu'di-ti), n. [pi. NUDITIES (nu'di- 
tiz).] 1. Nakedness. 2. [pi]. Naked parts or 
figures. 

NUGATORY (nu'ga-to-ri), a. 1. Trifling; vain; 
insignificant. 2. Of no power; ineffectual. 
[L. nugce, jokes, trifles.] 

NUGGET (nug'et), n. Lump, as of a metal. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

NUISANCE (nu'sans), ru 

1. That which unlaw- 
fully annoys or harms. 

2. That which troubles 
or is offensive. [Fr. — 
L. noceo, hurt.] 

NULL (nul), a. Of no 
force; void. [L. nullus, 
not any.] 

NULLIFICATION (nul-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
nullifying. 

NULLIFIER (nul'i-fi-er), n. One who nullifies. 

NULLIFY (nul'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. NULLIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. NULLIFIED (nul'i-fid).] Render 
void or of no effect. [Fr. nullifier — L. nullus, 
not any, and facto, make.] 

NULLITY (nul'i-ti), n. [pi. NULLITIES (nul'i- 
tiz).] 1. State of being null or void: nothing- 
ness. 2. That which lacks force or efficacy. 

NUMB (num), a. Deprived of sensation or 
motion. 

NUMB (num), vt. [pr.p. NUMB TNG; p.t. and p.p. 
NUMBED (numd).] Make numb; deaden. 
[A. S. numen, p.p. of niman, take away.] 

NUMBER (number), n. 1. That by which 




Nugget of Gold. 



Act of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, Tmrn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch, '. 



NUMBER 



765 



NURSERYMAN 




Numbering-machine. 



things are counted or computed. 2, Collec- 
tion of things; more than one. 3. Unit in 
counting; numerical figure. 4. Meter, verse, 
especially in plural. 5. Gram. Difference in 
words to express singular or plural. 6. [pi.] 
[N-] Fourth book of the Old Testament from its 
having the census of the Israelites. [Fr. 
notnbre — L. numerus.] 

NUMBER (number), vt. \pr.p. NUMBERING; 
p.t. and p.p. NUM- 
BERED (num'berd).] 
1. Count. 2. Reckon 
as one of a multi- 
tude. 3. Mark with a 
number. 4. Amount 
to. 

NUMBERING-MA- 
CHINE (num'- 
ber- ing-ma- 
shen), n. Device 
for printing num- 
bers automatic- 
ally in consecutive order, as on a series of 
pages, checks, etc. 

NUMBERLESS (number-les), a. 1. Without 
number. 2. More than can be counted. 

NUMBNESS (num'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being numb. 

NUMERABLE (nu'mer-a-bl), a. That may be 
numbered or counted. [L. numerabilis.] 

NUMERAL (nu'mer-al), I. a. Pertaining to or 
consisting of numbers. II n. Figure used 
to express a number, as the Arabic numerals, 
1, 2, 3, etc., the Roman numerals; I,V, X, L, D, 
M, etc. [L numeralis — numerus.] 

NUMERART (nu'mer-a-ri), a. Belonging to a 
certain number. [Fr. numeraire — L. nu- 
merarius.] 

NUMERATE (nu'mer-at), vt. [pr.p. NUMER- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. NUMERATED.] 1. Num- 
ber. 2. Point off and read, as figures. 

NUMERATION (nu-mer-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
numbering. 2. Art of writing or reading- 
numbers, when expressed by means of numer- 
als. The term is almost exclusively applied 
to numbers written decimally, by the Arabic 
method. 

NUMERATOR (nu'mer-a-tur), n. 1. One who 
numbers. 2. Upper number of a vulgar 
fraction, which expresses the number of 
fractional parts taken. 

NUMERIC (nu-mer'ik), NUMERICAL (nu-mer- 
ik-al), a. Belonging to, or consisting in num- 
ber. 

NUMERICALLY (nu-mer'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
numerical manner. 

NUMEROUS (nu'mer-us), a. Great in number; 
many. [L. numeresus, manifold.] 

NUMEROUSLY (nu'mer-us-li), adv. In great 
numbers. 

NUMEROUSNESS (nu'mer-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being numerous. 

NUMISMATIC (nu-mis-mat'ik), a. Pertaining 



to money, coins, or medals. [L. numisma — 
Gr. nomisma, current coin — nomizo, use com- 
monly — nomos, custom.] 

NUMISMATICS (nu-mis-mat'iks), n. Science 
of coins and medals. 

NUMISMATIST (nu-mis'ma-tist), n. One skilled 
in numismatics. 

NUMMARY (num'a-ri), a. Pertaining to coins. 
[L. nummarius — nwmmws, coin.] 

NUMSKULL (num'skul), n. Blockhead. 

NUN (nun), n. Woman who devotes herself to 
celibacy and seclusion in a convent. [A. S. 
nunne — L. L. nonna, nun.] 

NUNCIO (nun'shi-6), n. [pi. NUNCIOS (nun'shi- 
6z).] Representative of the Pope at a foreign 
court or seat of government. [It. — L. nun- 
cius, messenger.] 

NUNCUPATIVE (nun-ku'pa-tiv), NUNCUPA- 
TORY (nun-ku'pa-to-ri), a. Oral; verbal; not 
written. [L. nuncupo, call by name.] 

NUNNERY (nun'er-i),n. [pi. NUNNERIES (nun'- 
er-iz).] Convent for nuns. 

NUPTIAL (nup'shal), a. Pertaining to marriage. 
[Fr. — L. nuptialis — nupti&, marriage — nubo, 
nuptum, marry.] 

NUPTIALS (nup'shalz), n.pl. Marriage cere- 
mony; marriage. 

NUREMBERG (nu'rcm-berg), n. City in Bava- 
ria, Germany. 

NURL (nurl), vt. [pr.p. NURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NURLED (nurld).] Mill or indent on the edge. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

NURLING (niirl'ing), n. 1. Series of indenta- 
tions oh the edges of coins; milling; reeding. 
2. Zigzag ornamental engraving. 

NURSE (nurs), n. 1. Woman who nourishes an 
infant. 2. One who has the care of infants 
or of the sick. [O. Fr. nurrice (Fr. nourrice) — 
L nutrix — nutrio, nourish.] 

NURSE (nurs), v. [pr.p. NURS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
NURSED (nurst).] I. vt. 1. Nourish at the 
breast. 2. Feed and care for in infancy. 3. 
Tend in sickness or infirmity; act as a nurse 
to. 4. Foster; encourage; cherish. 5. Ca- 
ress; fondle. 6. In billiards, to manipulate 
(the balls) so as to be enabled to execute a 
series of caroms. II. vi. 1. Act as a nurse. 2. 
Take nourishment from the breast. 

NURSE-MAID (nurs'mad), n. Girl who takes 
care of children. 

NURSER (nurs'er), n. One who nurses; one who 
fosters or promotes. 

NURSERY (niirs'er-i), n. [pi. NURSERIES 
(nurs'er-iz).] 1. Apartment for young chil- 
dren. 2. Piece of ground where trees, shrubs, 
etc., are reared for sale or transplanting. 3. 
Place where the growth of anything is pro- 
moted. 

NURSERY-MAID (nurs'er-i-mad), n. Nurse- 
maid. 

NURSERYMAN (nurs'er-i-man), n. [pi. NURS'- 
ERYMEN.] Man who owns or works a nurs- 
ery of trees, flowers, etc., for sale. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; tnite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



NURTURE 



766 



NYXIS 



NURTURE (nur'tur), n. 1. Act of nourishing. 
2. Nourishment. [L. nutrio, nourish.] 

NURTURE (nur'tur), vt. [pr.p, NURTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. NURTURED (nur'turd).] 1. Nour- 
ish. 2. Bring up. 

NUT (nut), n. 1. Fruit of certain trees, consist- 
ing of a ker- 
nel in a hard 
shell. 2. Small 
block of metal 
for screwing 
on the end of 
a bolt. [A. S. j 
hnutu.~\ 

NUT (nut), vi. 
[pr.p. NUT'- 
TING; p.t. and 
p.p. NUTTED.] 




--WATER, a. 5*. 
-PROTEIN 16 6% 
- FAT 63 4 % 

SUGAR, STARCH.ETC- 13.5 % 
CRUDE ?IB£B 26% 



ASM 14% 



- --WATER 5.9% 
J -PROTEIN, 10 7 % 
-FAT 7.0 % 

-'-ASH 2.2 % 



Nuts. 

2. Chestnut, 
ponent parts. 



Showing com- 



for nuts. 
[L. nuto.] 




Nutcracker. 
breaking open 



nuts. 




Gather or hunt 
NUTANT (nu'tant), a. Bot. Nodding, 
NUTATION (nu-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of nodding. 

2. Astron. Vibratory motion of the earth's 

axis. 3. Bot. Turning of flowers toward sun. 
NUT-BROWN (nut'brown), a. Having the color 

of the shell of 

a ripe and dried 

hazelnut. 
NUTCRACKER 

(nut'krak-er), 

n. Instrument for 
NUTGALL (nut'gal), 

n. Nut-like gall, 

as on oak leaves. 
NUTHATCH (nut'- 

hach), n. Bird 

allied to'the wood- 
pecker. [NUT, and 

Fr. hacher, chop, 

hack.] 
NUTHOOK (nuf- 

hok), n. Pole with 

hook at end for 

pulling down high 

boughs into one's 
NUT3IEG (nut'meg), 

an E. India tree. 

[NUT and O. Fr. 

muge, musk.] 
NUT-PINE (nuf- 

pin), n. Any spe- 
cies of pine bear- 
ing nuts or edible 

seeds, especially 

Pinus edulis of 

New Mexico. 
NUTRIA (nu'tri-a), 

n. Coypu or its 

fur. [Sp. nutria, 

otier.] 
NUTRIENT (nu'tri- 

ent), I. a. Nour- 
ishing. II. n. Any 

nourishing sub- 
stance or food-ingredient. [L. nutrio, nourish.] 



Nuthatch. 

reach in nut-gathering. 
n. Aromatic kernel of 

B 




Nutmeg (Myrstica moschata). 



A. Leaf of tree with nutmeg in its 
husk of mace. B. Showing external ap- 
pearance of nutmeg. C. Nutmeg split 
open showing internal appearance and 
Structure. 



NUTRIFY (nu'tri-fi), v. [pr.p. NU'TRIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p NUTRIFIED (nu'tri-fid).] I. vt. 
Make nutritious or nourishing. II. vi. Be 
nutritious; nourish. 

NUTRIMENT (nutri-ment), n. That which 
nourishes; food. [L. nutrimentum — nutrio, 
nourish.] 

SYN. Aliment; sustenance; nourishment. 
ANT. Starvation; inanition; exhaustion. 

NUTRIMENTAL (nu-tri-men'tal), a. Afford- 
ing nutriment or nourishment; nourishing. 

NUTRITION (nu-trish'un), n. 1. Act of nourish- 
ing. 2. Process of feeding, and promoting 
growth of, bodies. 

NUTRITIOUS (nu-trish'us), a. Nourishing; pro- 
moting growth. 

NUTRITIVE (nu'tri-tiv), a. 1. Nourishing. 2. 
Pertaining to nutrition. 

NUTSHELL (nut'shel), n. Shell inclosing ker- 
nel of a nut. — In a nutshell, in a small compass. 

NUTTER (nut'er), n. One who gathers nuts. 

NUTTINESS (nut'i-nes), n. Nutty flavor. 

NUTTY (nut'i), o. 1. Having the flavor of nuts. 
2. Full of nuts. 3. Crack-brained; cranky. 
(Colloq.) 

NUX VOMICA (nuks vom'i-ka). Seed of an 
E. Indian tree, from which 
the powerful poison known 
as strychnine is obtained. [L. . 
nux, nut, and vomicus 
— vomo, vomit.] 

NUZZLE (nuz'l), vi. [pr.p. ■ 
NUZ'ZLING; p.t. and 
p.p. NUZZLED (nuz'- 
ld).] Poke about with the 
nose like a pig or horse.' 

NYANZA (ni-an'za), n. 1. Sheet 
of water; marsh. 2. River 
feeding a lake. [Cent. Air.] 

NYE (ni), n. Brood or flock of pheasants. 

NYLGHAU (nil'ga), n. Species of large antelope 
(Portax pictus), of North 
Hindustan, the males of 
which are of a bluish 
color. [Hind, nilgdu, blue 
ox — nil, blue, and gdu, 
ox.] 

NYMPH (nimf), n. 1. In 
ancient mythology, one 
of the goddesses who 
inhabited every region 
of the earth and waters. 2. 
alis of an msect. [L. nympha — Gr. nymphe, 
bride, veiled one. Cf. L. nupta.} 

NYMPH^A (nim-fe'a), n. Genus of water- 
plants with beautiful fragrant flowers, inclu- 
ding the water-lily, Egyptian lotus, etc. [L. 
nympha, nymph ] 

NYSTAGMUS (nis-tag'mus), n. Pathol, A mor- 
bid winking of the eyes, sometimes observable 
in highly nervous persons. [Gr. nystagmos, 
a winking — nystazo, nod, especially in sleep.] 

NYXIS (niks'is), n. Surg. Puncture. [Gr.] 




Nux Vomica. 




Nylghau. 
Pupa or chrys- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, te.h=ch in Scotch lock. 



767 



OBELISCAL 




O (6), n. [pi., O'S, OES (6z).] 
Fifteenth letter and fourth 
vowel of the English alphabet. 
It has six distinct sounds or 
shades of sound: (1) The sound 
of o in not (indicated in this 
dictionary by o unmarked) ; 
(2) The same sound length- 
ened by a following r, as in 
or, and in the digraph ou, as in fought (indi- 
dicated by a) » (3) The sound of o in go (indi- 
cated by 6) ; (4) The sound of o in who (indi- 
cated by 6) (5); The sound of o in wolf (indicated 
by o) > (6) The sound of o trx love (indicated 
by unmarked u). The sound of o in women, is 
quite exceptional. Double o, besides the two 
distinctive sounds heard in food and wool (in- 
dicated respectively by 6 and q), has several 
exceptional sounds, as in door, blood, etc. 

O k OH (6), inter j. 1. Exclamation used in 
solemn address or earnest appeal; as, "How 
long, O Lord, how long?" 2. Exclamation of 
wonder, pain, desire, etc.; as, O see the 
glorious sunset !" " Oh my poor aching head !" 
" Oh that my friend were here I" The form Oh 
is the more usual in prose. 

O' (o), prep. Abbreviation for of; as, four o'clock, 
cat-o' -nine-tails. 

OAF (of), n. Foolish child left by the fairies in 
place of another; dolt; idiot. [A form of ELF.] 

OAFISH (of'ish), a. Like an oaf; simple; silly; 
stupid; dull; doltish. 

OAFISHNESS (of'ish-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being oafish. 

OAK (ok), n. 1. 
Tree of many 
species. 2. Its 
timber, very 
hard and dur- 
able. [A.S. dc; 
Ice, eik; Ger. 
eiche.] 

OAK-APPLE (6k'- 

ap-1), n. A spongy substance on the leaves 
of the oak, caused by Insects, so called from 
its likeness to a small apple; called also 
OAKLEAF-GALL. 

OAKEN (ok'n), a. Consisting or made of oak. 

OAKUM (ok'um), n. Old ropes untwisted into 
loose hemp, used in calking the seams of 
ships. [A.S. acumba, combed out.] 

OAR (or), n. 1. Light pole with a flat end for row- 
ing boats. 2. Person who plies an oar. [A.S. 
dr.) 

OAR (6r), v. [pr.p. OAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
OARED (ord).] I. vt. Propel with an oar or 
oars. II. vi. Use oars; row. 

OARED (ord), a. 1. Provided with oars. 2. 
Zool. Having oar-like feet. 

OARLESS (or'les), a. Not provided with oars. 

OAR-LOCK (or'lok), n. Rowlock. 

OARSMAN (orz'man), n. [pi. OARSMEN.] One 
who rows with an oar; one skilled in rowing. 




Oak. 

1. Acorn. 2. Leaf of white oak. 
Acorns germinating. 




Finnish Oats. Sixty-day Oats. 



OASIS (6'a-sis or 6-a/sis), n. [pi. OASES 
6'a-sez or 6-a/sez).] Fertile spot in a desert. 
[L. — Gr. oasis; cf. Coptic ouahe, a resting- 
place or dwelling.] 

OAT (ot), n. [Oftener in pi. OATS (ots).] Well- 
known grass (Avena sativa), the seeds of which 
are much used as food. There are many vari- 
eties of this plant, most of those grown in the 
U. S., came originally from northern Europe. 
A hardy variety known as "sixty-day oats" 
was introduced from Podolia, Russia, in 
1901, by the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture, and has been wide 
ly distributed. [A.S. ate, oat.J 

OATEN (ot'n), c. 1. Con- 
sisting of an oat stem 
or straw. 2. 
Made of oat- .^^1lM$< 
meal. 

OATH (6th), n 
[pi. OATHS 
(otftz).] 1. 
Solemnstate- 
ment with an 
appeal to God 
as witness. 
2. Profane 
imprecation. 
[A.S.dth;Ger. 
eid ; Ice. 
eidhr.] 

OATMEAL (ot'mel), n. Meal made of oats. 

OR-, prefix. Usually denotes opposition, as in 
object. [L.] 

ORANG (6-bang'), n. Obsolete Japanese gold coin. 

ORCORDATE (ob-kar'dat), o. Heart-shaped, as 
a clover leaf. 

OBDURACY (ob'du-ra-si), a. Quality or state 
of being obdurate. 

OBDURATE (ob'du-rat), a. Hardened in feel- 
ings; stubborn. [L. obduratus — ob, against, 
and duro, harden.] 

SYN. Callous; hardened; unbending; 
impenitent; insensible; reprobate. ANT. 
Softened; flexible; tender; teachable; docile; 
amenable ; yielding. 

ORDURATELY (ob'du-rat-li), adv. In an ob- 
durate manner. 

ORDURATENESS (ob'du-rat-nes), n. Quality 
of being obdurate; obduracy. 

OBEDIENCE (6-be'di-ens), n. State of being 
obedient; dutifulness. 

SYN. Submission; compliance; subserv- 
ience. ANT. Resistance; rebellion; mutiny; 
antagonism; transgression; disobedience. 

OBEDIENT (6-be'di-ent), a. Willing to obey; 
dutiful. [Fr. — L. oboedio.] 

OBEDIENTLY (6-be'di-ent-li), adv. In an obe- 
dient manner. 

OBEISANCE (6-be'sans or 6-ba'sans), n. Bow; 
act of lWcrence. [Fr. obeissance.] 

OBELISCAL (ob-el-is'kal), a. Having the form 
of an obelisk, tall and tapering like an obelisk. 



€ 



fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, nut, burn, 
iX=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



OBELISK 



768 



OBLIGEE 



OBELISK (ob'el-isk), n. 1. A gradually taper- 
ing shaft, terminating in a pyram- 
idal or pointed top. 2. Print, Dag- 
ger (t). [Gr. obeliskos, dim. of obelos, 
pointed pillar.] 

OBESE (6-beV), a. Fat; fleshy. [L. 
obesus. 

OBESENESS (6-*jes'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being obese; obesity. 

OBESITY (6-bes'i-ti), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being obese. 2. Pathol. 
Morbid obeseness. 

OBEY (6-ba'), v. [pr.p. OBEY'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. OBEYED (6-bad').] 
I. vt. 1. Yield obedience to; do 
as told by. 2. Be ruled by. 3. Obelisk. 
Yield to. II. vi. Be obedient. [Fr. 
obeir — L. obasdio — ob, towards, and audio, 
hear.] 

OBEYER (6-ba'er), n. One who obeys. 

OBFUSCATE (ob-fus'kat), vt. [pr.p. OBFUS'- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. OBFUS'CATED.] 1. 
Darken; cloud; obscure. 2. Confuse; be- 
wilder; muddle. 

OBFUSCATION (ob-fus-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
obfuscating. 2. That which obfuscates or 
confuses. 

OBI (6'bi), n. 1. Kind of sorcery practiced by 
negroes of the West Indies, a survival of 
African magic. 2. Fetich or charm. [Afr.] 

OBI (6'bi), n. A broad, gaily embroidered sash 
worn by Japanese women. [Jap.] 

OBIT (6'bit), n. 1. One's death or decease. 2. 
Date of a person's death. 3. Obsequies. 4. 
Service for the soul of a person deceased, 
celebrated on the anniversary of his death 
[L. obitus, a going to — ob, to, and eo, go.] 

OBITER (ob'i-ter), adv. By the way; in passing; 
as, an opinion given obiter. [L. ob, on, and 
iter, way.] 

OBITER DICTUM (ob'i-ter dik'tum). Law. 
Incidental opinion, as distinguished from an 
authoritative judicial decision. 

OBITUARY (6-bit'u-a-ri), I. a. Relating to the 
death of a person. II. n. [pi. OBIT'UARIES.] 
Account of a deceased person or notice of his 
death. 

OBJECT (ob-jekt), t. [pr.p. OBJECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. OBJECT'ED.] I vt. Offer in op- 
position; oppose. II. vi. Raise objections. 
[L. ob, against, and jacio, throw.] 

OBJECT (ob'jekt), n. 1. Thing perceived or 
brought before the mind. 2. That which is 
sought; end; motive. 3. That on which action 
Is or may be exerted. 

OBJECT-GLASS (ob'jekt-glas), n. Glass at the 
end of a telescope or microscope next the 
object. 

OBJECTION (ob-jek'shun), n. 1. Act of ob- 
jecting. 2. Anything opposed; argument 
against. 

OBJECTIONABLE (ob-Jek'shun-a-bl), a. Open 
or liable to objection; calling for disapproval. 



OBJECTIONABLY (ob-jek'shun-a-bli), adv. In 
an objectionable manner or degree. 

OBJECTIVE (ob-jek'tiv), I. a. 1. Relating to 
an object. 2. Being exterior to the mind, as 
opposed to SUBJECTIVE; that which is real or 
which exists in nature in contrast with what 
is ideal or exists merely in the thought of the 
individual. 3. Gram. Belonging to the case 
of the object. II. w. 1. Gram. Case of the 
object. 2. Objective point — point to which 
the operations of an army are directed. 3. 
In microscopes, telescopes, etc., the lens which 
brings the rays to a focus. 

OBJECTIVELY (ob-jektiv-li), adv. In an ob- 
jective manner. 

OBJECTIVENESS (ob-Jek'tiv-nes), w. Quality 
or state of being objective. 

OBJECTIVITY (ob-jek-tiv'i-ti), n. State of be- 
ing objective. 

OBJECTLESS (ob'jekt-les), o. Having no ob- 
ject; purposeless. 

OBJECT-LESSON (ob'jekt-les-n), n. Lesson in 
which the object to be described, or a repre- 
sentation of it, is shown. 

OBJECTOR (ob-jektur), n. One who objects. 

OBJURATION (ob-jo-ra'shun), n. Act of bind- 
ing by oath. 

OBJURGATE (ob-jur'gat), vt. [pr.p. OBJUR'- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. OBJURGATED.] 
Chide; rebuke. [L. objurgo, chide.] 

OBJURGATION (ob-jur-ga'shun), n. Blaming; 
reproof; reprehension. 

OBJURGATORY (ob-Jur'ga-to-ri), a. Ex- 
pressing blame or reproof, 

OBLANCEOLATE (ob-lan'se-o-lat), a. BoU 
Shaped like the head of a lance reversed. 

OBLATE (ob-laf), a. Flattened at opposite sides 
or poles; shaped like an orange. [L. oblatus.] 

OBLATION (ob-la'shun), n. Offering in worship 
or sacred service. [L. oblatio.] 

OBLIGATE (ob'li-gat), vt. [pr.p. OB'LIGATING; 
p.t. and p.p. OB'LIGATED.] Bind to a duty, 
moral or legal. [L. obligatus, p.p. of obligo, 
bind — o&, about, and ligo, bind.] 

OBLIGATION (ob-li-gashun), n. 1. Act of 
obliging. 2. Binding force ; duty. 3. Indebted- 
ness for a favor. 4. Bond with penalty on 
failure. [See OBLIGE.] 

SYN. Duty; necessity; compulsion; con- 
tract; bond; covenant. ANT. Promise; 
word; choice; freedom; exemption. 

OBLIGATORILY (ob'li-ga-to-ri-li), adv. In an 
obligatory manner; by obligation. 

OBLIGATORINESS (ob'li-ga-to-ri-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being obligatory or binding. 

OBLIGATORY (ob'li-ga-to-ri), a. Binding In 
law or conscience. 

OBLIGE (6-blij), vt. [pr.p. OBUI'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. OBLIGED (6-blijd').] 1. Constrain. 2. 
Bind by some favor rendered. 3. Do a favor 
to. [L. o&, about and ligo, bind.] 

OBLIGEE (ob-li-je'), n. Law. Person to whom 
another is bound, or to whom a bond is given. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



OBLIGER 



769 



OBSERVE 



BLIGER (6-bli'jer), n. 1. One who obliges. 
2. Law. Same as OBLIGOR. 

JBLIGING (6-bli'jing), a. Courteous; civil; 
kind. 

OBLIGINGLY (6-bli'jing-li), adv. In an obliging 
manner. 

OBLIGOR (ob-li-gar ), n. Law. One who binds 
himself by a bond; one who obligates himself 
to another to pay or perform something. 

OBLIQUE (ob-lek'), a. 1. Not perpendicular; 
not parallel. 2. Not straightforward. [Fr. — 
L. oft, before, and liquis, bent, slanting.] 

OBLIQUELY (ob-lek'li), adv. In an oblique 
manner or direction. 

OBLIQUENESS (ob-lek'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being oblique. 

OBLIQUITY (ob-lik'wi-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being oblique; irregularity. 

OBLITERATE (ob-liter-at),tf. [pr.p. OBLITER- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. OBLITERATED.] Blot 
out; wear out; destroy. [L. ©&, over, and 
litera, letter.] 

OBLITERATION (ob-lit-er-a'shun), n. Act of 
obliterating. 

OBLIVION (ob-liv'i-un), n. Act of forgetting. 
The state of being forgotten. [L. obliviscor, 
forget.] 

OBLIVIOUS (ob-liv'i-us), a. Forgetful; causing 
forgetfulness. 

OBLONG (ob'lang), I. a. Longer than broad. 
II. n. Rectangle longer than broad. [L. oh, 
over, and longus, long.] 

OBLOQUY (ob'16-kwi), n. Reproachful lan- 
guage. [L. ob, against, and loquor, speak.] 

OBNOXIOUS (ob-nok'shus), a. 1. Liable to 
hurt or punishment; blameworthy. 2. Offen- 
sive. [L. obnoxius, hurtful.] 

OBOE (6'bo-e), n. 1. Treble-reed musical in- 
strument, usually with fifteen keys, with a 
rich tone, giving the pitch to the violin in the 
orchestra. 2. Treble stop on the organ, its 
bass being the bassoon; hautboy. [Fr. haut- 
bois.] 



Oboe. 

OBOLUS (ob'6-lus), n. Ancient Athenian silver 
coin, worth three cents. 

OBOVATE (ob-6'vat), a. Bot. Egg-shaped, as 
a leaf, with the narrow end next the leaf- 
stalk. 

OBSCENE (ob-sen'), a. Offensive to chastity; 
indecent. [Fr. — L. obscenus.] 

OBSCENELY (ob-sen 'li), adv. In an obscene 
manner. 

OBSCENENESS (ob-sen'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being obscene. 

OBSCENITY (ob-sen'i-ti), n. Obscene or im- 
pure words or actions; obsceneness. 

OBSCURATION (ob-sku-ra'shun), n. Act of 
obscuring or state of being obscured. 



OBSCURE (ob-skur), a. 1. Darkened. 
Not distinct. 3. Unknown; humble. [L. 
obscurus, akin to Sans, sfcu, cover.] 

SYN. Dark; dim; dusky; cloudy; da 
some; lowering; indistinct; enigmatic 
uncertain; ambiguous; unintelligible; lc - 
ly; humble. ANT. Bright; lumino 
distinct; lucid; plain; intelligible; una 
biguous; eminent; prominent. 

OBSCURE (ob-skur'), vt. [pr.p. OBSCUR'IJVG; 
p.t. and p.p. OBSCURED (ob-skurd').] 1. 
Darken. 2. Hide from view; conceal. 3. 
Make less intelligent. 4. Make less glorious; 
degrade. 

OBSCURELY (ob-skur'li), adv. In an obscure 
manner. 

OBSCURENESS (ob-skur'nes), n. Obscurity. 

OBSCURER (ob-sktir'er), n. One who or that 
which obscures. 

OBSCURITY (ob-skur'i-ti), n. [pi. OBSCL \, 
TIES (ob-skur'i-tiz).] 1. Quality or sta* » 
being obscure. 2. Obscure or lowly position 
or condition. 3. Want of plainness of mean- 
ing or expression. 

OBSEQUIES (ob'se-kwiz), n.pl. Funeral rifes 
and solemnities. [L.L. obsequias.] 

OBSEQUIOUS (ob-se'kwi-us), a. Meanly 
vile. [L. obsequiosis.] 

SYN. Cringing; submissive. ANT. In- 
dependent; arrogant. 

OBSEQUIOUSLY (ob-se'kwi-us-li), adv. In an 
obsequious manner. 

OBSEQUIOUSNESS (ob-se'kwi-us-nes), n. S 
ile submission. 

OBSERVABLE (ob-zerv'a-bl), a. 1. That out] 
be observed. 2. Worth;, of observation. 

OBSERVABLY (ob-zerv'a-bli), adv. Id 
observable, noticeable, or notable manne 

OBSERVANCE (ob-zerv'ans), n. 1. Act ot 
observing; performance. 2. Attention, 3. 
Rule of practice; rite. 

SYN. Respect; celebration; ceremon 
custom; form. ANT. Inattention; disrespe< 
breach; desuetude; disuse; informalit 
omission. 

OBSERVANT (ob-zerv'ant), a. Carefully atten- 
tive. 

OBSERVANTLY (ob-zerv'ant-li), adv. In an 
observant manner. 

OBSERVATION (ob-zer-va'shun), n. 1. A< 
habit of observing. 2. Act of noting J 
nomena in nature. 3. Remark; opinion. 
SYN. Contemplation; study; notice; a 
attention; comment. ANT. Oversight; di 
regard; inadvertence; inattention. 

OBSERVATORY (ob-zerv'a-to-ri), n. pi. 
SERVATORD3S (ob-zerv'a-td-riz).] Place . 
making astronomical and physical obsei 
tions. 

OBSERVE (ob-zerv'), v. [pr.p. OBSERVING: 
p.t. and p.p. OBSERVED (ob-zervd').] I. «fj 
1. Regard attentively. 2. Remark. 3. Comply 
with; keep. II. vi. 1. Take notice. 3. C< 



fEts, fat. task, far, fall, fare, abc ^t, her: mite, mit; note, cot, move, Wolf; mut 

oil, owl, ■ in Scotcli loch. 



OBSERVER 



770 



OBVERSE 



nent. [L. observo — ob, before, and servo, 
ceep.] 
OBSERVER (ob-zerv'er), n. J. One who ob- 
serves; spectator. 2. One skilled in noting 
aatural phenomena. 3. One who keeps or 
idheres to any rule, custom, rite, or regulation. 
Of. SERVING (ob-zerv'ing), a. Habitually ta- 
king notice; observant. 
OBSERVLNGLY (ob-zerv'ing-li), adv. In an ob- 
servant manner; attentively --*■ 
OBSESSION (ob-sesh'un), n. 1 Pathol. Con- 
tinual recurrence of a fixed idea or delusion. 
5. The state or act of being influenced by an 
evil spirit as in demonology. 3 Spirit. State 
<>f control, as of a medium in a trance. [L. 
•bsessio — obsessus, p.p. of obsideo, besiege.] 
•OBSIDIAN (ob-sid'i-an), n. Glass-like rock 
produced by volcanoes. [From Obsidius, who, 
according to Pliny, discovered it.] 
OBSOLESCENCE (ob-so-les'ens), n. State or 

jrocess of becoming obsolete or disused. 
O SOLESCENT (ob-so-les'ent), a. Going out 

of use. 
OBSOLETE (ob'so-let), a. 1. Gone out of use; 
mtiquated. 2. Biol. Rudimental. [L. obso- 
etus — Ob, before, and soleo, use.] 

SYN. Archaic; old; ancient; disused. 
LNT. Modern; current; extant; novel; 
recent. 
OBSOLETENESS (ob'so-let-nes , n. Quality or 
tate of being obsolete. 

SOLETISM (ob'so-le-tizm), n. Obsolete word, 
;diom, or phrase. 
OBSTACLE (ob'sta-kl), n. Anything that stands 
in the way. [L. obstaculum — ob, before, and 
to, stand.] 

SYN. Obstruction; check; difficulty; im- 
pediment; hindrance; bar; barrier. AWT. 
Course; proceeding; career; advancement. 
OBSTETRIC (ob-stet'rik), OBSTETRICAL (ob- 

stet'rik-al), a. Pertaining to obstetrics. 
OBSTETRICIAN (ob-stet-rish'an), n. One who 
Is skilled in obstetrics; accoucheur; midwife. . 
OBSTETRICS (ob-stet'riks), n. Science of mid- 
\7ifery. [L. obstetrix (genit. obstetricis), mid- 
wife — ob, before, and sto, stand.] 
OBSTINACY (ob'sti-na-si), n. Quality or state 

of being obstinate. 
OBSTINATE (ob'sti-nat), a. 1. Blindly or ex- 
essively firm. 2. Not yielding to remedies; 
i ard to cure or heal. [L. obstinatus — ob, be- 
fore, and sto, stand.] 

SYN. Headstrong; stubborn; refractory; 
ertinacious; obdurate; contumacious; in- 
omitable; dogged; inflexible; intractable; 
nyielding. ANT. Amenable; complai- 
mt; yielding; docile; irresolute; wavering. 
iTINATELY (ob'sti-nat-li), adv. In an ob- 
inate manner. 
OBSTREPEROUS (ob-strep'er-us), a. Making a 
ud noise; clamorous; noisy; turbulent. [L. 
obstreperus, clamorous; ob, before, and strepo, 
r »ar.] 



OBSTREPEROUSLY (ob-strep'er-us-li), adv. In 
an obstreperous manner. 

OBSTREPEROUSNESS (ob-strep'er-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being obstreperous. 

OBSTRUCT (ob-strukf), vt. [pr.p. OBSTRUCT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OBSTRUCTED.] 1. Block 
up; close; bar, as a way or passage. 2. Pre- 
vent from making progress; impede. [L. 
obstructus, p.p. of obstruo, build in the way of 
—ob, before, and struo, build.] 

OBSTRUCTION (ob-struk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
obstructing. 2. That which obstructs. 

OBSTRUCTIONIST (ob-strukshun-ist), n. One 
who obstructs progress or the transaction of 
business in a legislative body. 

OBSTRUCTIVE (ob-struktiv), I. a. Tending to 
obstruct. II. n. One who opposes progress; 
obstructionist. 

OBSTRUCTIVELY (ob-struktiv-li), adv. In an 
obstructive manner. 

OBSTRUENT (ob'stro-ent), I. a. Obstructive. 
II. n. Med. Anything that obstructs, espe- 
cially in the passages of the body. 

OBTAIN ob-tan'), v. [pr.p. OBTAINING; p.t. 
and p.p. OBTAINED (ob-tand').] I. vt. Get; 
procure by effort; gain. II. vi. 1. Be estab- 
lished; continue in use; become held or prev- 
alent. 2. Succeed. [L. obtineo — ob, before, 
and teneo, hold.] 

OBTAINABLE (ob-tan'a-bl), a. That may be 
obtained; procurable. 

OBTAINER (ob-tan'er), n. One who obtains 
or gets. 

OBTRUDE (ob-trod'), v. [pr.p. OBTRUDING; 
p.t. and p.p. OBTRUDED.] I. vt. 1. Thrust 
in upon when not wanted. 2. Urge upon 
against the will of. II. vi. Thrust one's self 
upon attention; be thrust upon attention. [L. 
obtrudo.] 

OBTRUDER (ob-tro'der), n. One who obtrudes. 

OBTRUSION (ob-tro'zhun), n. Act of obtruding. 

OBTRUSIVE (ob-tro'siv), a. Inclined to obtrude. 

OBTRUSIVELY (ob-tro'siv-li), adv. In an ob- 
trusive manner. 

OBTRUSIVENESS (ob-tro'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being obtrusive. 

OBTUND (ob-tund'), vt. [pr.p. OBTUND'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. OBTUND'ED.] Deaden, dull, or 
blunt. [L. obtundo — ob, against, and tundo, 
beat.] 

OBTUNDENT (ob-tund'ent), I. a. Deadening; 
dulling. II. n. Application to soothe irritation. 

OBTUSE (ob-tus'), a. 1. Not pointed; blunt. 2. 
Stupid. 3. Geom. Greater than a right angle. 
[L. obtusus, p.p. of obtundo, blunt.] 

OBTUSELY (ob-tus'li), adv. In an obtuse 
manner. 

OBTUSENESS (ob-tus'nes), w. Quality or state 
of being obtuse. 

OBVERSE (ob-vers'), a. 1. Bot. Inverted. 2. 
Nitmis. Applied to that side of a coin bearing 
the head; opposed to REVERSE. [L. obversus 
— ob, towards, and verto, turn.] 



3, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h.=ch in Scotch loch. 



OBVERSE 



771 



OCT- 



Small musical in- 




Ocarina. 



[L. occasio — occido 



OBVERSE (ob'vers), n. 1. Numis. Side of a 
coin or medal showing head, or chief sym- 
bol. 2. One of two possible sides or views. 

OBVERSELY (ob-vers'li), adv. In an obverse 
manner or form. 

OBVIATE (ob'vi-^at), vt. [pr.p. OB'VIATING; 
p.t. and p.p. OB'VIATED.] Remove or avoid, 
as difficulties. [L. obvio, meet — ob, before, and 
via, way.] 

OBVIOUS (ob'vi-us), o. Easily to be perceived; 
evident. [L. obvius.] 

SYN. Self-evident; plain; manifest; ap- 
parent. ANT. Obscure; covert; occult; 
imperceptible. 

OC-, prefix. Form of ob- before words beginning 
with c, as occur. 

OCARINA (ok-a-re'na), n. 
strument made of ter- 
ra-cotta, having a 
whistle -like mouth- 
piece and a number of 
finger-holes. [It.] 

OCCASION (ok-ka- 
zhun), n. 1. Occur- 
rence. 2. Opportunity. 
3. Cause. 4. Necessity. 
— ob, before, and cado, casum, fall.] 

SYN. Incident; chance; use; need; re- 
quirement; conjuncture. ANT. Untimeli- 
ness; inopportuneness. 

OCCASION (ok-ka'zhun), vt. [pr.p. OCCA'SION- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OCCASIONED (ok-ka'- 
zhund).] Bring about; cause. 

OCCASIONAL (ok-ka'zhun-al), a. Occurring at 
times, but not regularly. 

OCCASIONALLY (ok-ka'zhun-al-i), adv. Upon 
occasions; not regularly or systematically. 

OCCIDENT (ok'si-dent), w. 1. West, as opposed 
to the ORIENT or East. 2. [o-] Western quarter 
of the sky where the sun sets. [L. occidens, 
pr.p. of occido, set.] 

OCCIDENTAL (ok-si-den'tal), a. 1. Of, or per- 
taining to, the Occident. 2. Western. 

OCCIPITAL (ok-sip'i-taD, a. Pertaining to the 
back part of the head. 

OCCIPUT (ok'sl-put), n. Back part of the head 
or skull. [L. ob, about, and caput, head.] 

OCCLUDE (ok-klod'), vt. [pr.p. OCCLU'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. OCCLUDED.] Absorb. [L. ob, 
before, and claudo, shut In.] 

OCCLUSION (ok-kl6'zhun), n. 1. Pathol. Clo- 
sing up of any passage or cavity 2. Chetn. 
Absorption of gas. 

OCCULT (ok-kulf), a. Hidden; unknown; 
mysterious. [L. occultus, hidden.] 

OCCULTATION (ok-ul-ta'shun), n. Obscuration 
or concealment, especially of a heavenly body 
by another; eclipse. 

OCCULTISM (ok-kult'izm), n. Belief in mys- 
terious human powers attainable by certain 
individuals through study of secret doctrines. 

OCCULTIST (ok-kult'ist), n. One who studies, 
or believes in, occultism. 



OCCUPANCY (ok'ti-pan-si), n. Act of occupying 
or of taking or holding possession; possession; 
occupation. 

OCCUPANT (ok'u-pant), n. One who takes or 
has possession. 

OCCUPATION (ok-u-pa'shun), n. 1. Act of 
accupying or taking possession. 2. Employ- 
ment; vocation. 

OCCUPIER (ok'u-pi-er), n. Occupant. 

OCCUPY (ok'u-pi), vt. [pr.p. OCCUPYING; p.t, 
and p.p. OCCUPIED (ok'u-pid).] 1. Seize or 
hold possession of. 2. Cover; fill. 3. Em- 
ploy; busy. [L. occupo — ob, to, and capio, 
take.] 

OCCUR (ok-kur'), vi. [pr.p. OCCUR'RING; p.t. 
and p.p. OCCURRED (ok-kurd').] 1. Come, 
or be presented, to a sense or the mind. 2. 
Happen; be found here and there, [L. occurro 
— ob, towards, and curro, run.] 

OCCURRENCE (ok-kur'ens), n. 1. Happening. 
2. Anything that occurs; event. 

OCEAN (6'shan), n. 1. Vast expanse of salt 
water that covers the greater part of the sur- 
face of the globe. 2. Any one of its five great 
divisions, Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, 
and Antarctic. 3. Immense expanse. [Or. 
Okeanos, name of the supposed vast river 
flowing round the world.] 

OCEANIC (6-she-an'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
found or formed in, the ocean. 

OCEANIDES (6-se-an'i-dez), n.pl. Greek Myth. 
Sea nymphs, daughters of Oceanus and Tethys. 

OCEANUS (6-se'a-nus), n. Greek Myth. Son 
of Ccelus and Terra; husband of Tethys; 
father of the Oceanides; he also personified 
the immense stream which was supposed to 
surround the earth, and into which the sun 
and moon and other heavenly bodies sank 
every day. 

OCELLAR (6-sel'ar), a. Pertaining to ocelli. 

OCELLATE (os'el-at), OCELLATED ( s'e!-a- 
ted), a. 1. Resembling an eye. 2. Having 
an ocellus or ocelli. 

OCELLUS (6-selus), n. [pi. OCELEI (6-sel'i).] 
Eye-like spot. [L., dim. of oculus, eye.] 

OCELOT (o'sel-ot), n. American leopard-cat. 
[Mex. ocelotl.] 

OCHER, OCHRE (6'- 
ker), «. Impure fer- 
ruginous clay, used as 
a pigment in making 
paint. [Gr. ochros, 
pale yellow.] Ocelot. 

OCHEROUS, OCHRE- 

OUS (o'ker-us), a. Of, pertaining ro, con- 
sisting of, or resembling, ocher. 

OCHERY (o'ker-i), a. Resembling ocher; 
ocherous. 

O'CLOCK (o-klok'). Time of day, as indicated 
by the clock. [Contr. from "OF THE CLOCK."] 

OCT-, OCTA-, OCTI-, OCTO-, prefix. E 

eight; consisting of eight. [L. octo — Gv. ofcio, 
eight.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
\l=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



OCTAGON 



77a 



ODOMETER 




Octagon. 



OCTAGON (ok'ta-gon), n. Plane figure of eight 

sides and eight angles. 

[Gr. okto, eight, and gonia, 

angle.] 
OCTAGONAL (ok-tag'o-nal), 

a. Eight-sided. 
OCTAHEDRON (ok-ta-he - 

dron), n. Solid figure with 

eight equal sides, each of 

which is an equilateral 

triangle. [Gr. okto, eight, 

and hedra, base.] 
OCTANGULAR (ok-tang'gu-lar), a. Having 

eight angles. [L. octo, eight, and ANGULAR.] 
OCTAVE (ok'tav), I. a. Consisting of eight. 

II. n. 1. Eight. 2. That which consists of 

eight. 3. Music. Eighth tone, or interval of 

twelve semitones; any interval of equal length; 

the whole diatonic scale itself. [L. octavus, 

eighth — octo, eight.] 
OCTAVO (ok-ta/voorok-ta'vo), I. a. Having eight 

leaves to the sheet. II. n. [pi. OCTAVOS 

(ok-ta'voz).] 1. Book having eight leaves to 

the sheet; usually contracted 8vo. 2. Size of 

such a book, 6x9^ inches. [L., abl. sing, of 

octavus, eighth.] 
OCTENNIAL (ok-ten'i-al), a. Happening in 

every eighth year; running eight years. [L. 

octo, eight, and annus, year.] 
OCTET (ok-tet'), n. Music. 1. Composition for 

eight voices or instruments. 2. Company of 

eight performers. 
OCTILLION (ok-til'yun), n. 1. In French and 

American notation, one thousand raised to 

the ninth power, expressed by a unit with 

twenty-seven ciphers annexed. 2. In the 

English system of notation, a million raised 

to the eighth power, expressed by a unit with 

forty-eight ciphers annexed. [L. octo, eight, 

and MILLION.] 
OCTO-, prefix. See OCT-. 
OCTOBER (ok-td'ber), n. Tenth month of the 

year. [In the old Roman calendar the eighth 

month — L. octo, eight.] 
OCTODECIMO (ok- 

to-des'i-mo), a. 

Having eighteen 

leaves to the sheet; 

contracted 18mo. 

[L. o ct o d e c i m, 

eighteen.] 
OCTOGENARIAN 

(ok-to-jen-a'ri-an), 

w. One who is 

eighty years old. 
OCTOPUS (ok-to'pus 

or ok'to-pus), n. 1. 

Devil-fish having 

eight arms. 2. Fig- 

uratively,any pow- 
erful monopolistic 

organization or trust 

foot. 




Octopus. 
[OCTO-, and Gr. 



pons, 



OCTOROON (ok-to-ron), n. Offspring of a 
quadroon and a white person. 

OCTROI (ok-trwa'), w. Tax on articles brought 
into a city. [Fr.] 

OCTUPLE (ok'tu-pl), a. Eightfold. 

OCULAR (ok'u-lar), I. a. 1. Pertaining to the 
eye. 2. Received by actual sight. II. n. Eye- 
piece, as of a microscope. [L. oculus — eye.] 

OCULARLY (ok'u-lar-li), adv. In an ocular 
manner; by the eye or actual view or sight. 

OCULIST (ok'u-list), n. One skilled in the 
treatment of the diseases of the eye. 

OD (6d), n. Force acting on nervous system, 
assumed by Baron von Reichenbach (1788- 
1869) to exist in light, heat, electricity, living 
bodies, etc., and to produce the phenomena of 
mesmerism. [Gr. hodos, way.] 

ODD (od), a. 1. Not paired with another; single. 

2. Left over after a round number has been 
taken. 3. Not exactly divisible by two. 4. 
Strange. [Ice. oddi, point, tongue of land, 
triangle; A. S. ord, point.] 

SYN. Alone; sole; unmatched; uneven; 
singular; peculiar; queer; quaint; fantastic- 
al ; eccentric ; bizarre ; droll. ANT. Matched ; 
even; common; conventional; customary; 
regular; normal; ordinary; usual. 

ODD-FELLOW (od'fel-6), n. One of a secret 
benevolent society called The Independent 
Order of Odd-Fellows. 

ODDITY (od'i-ti), n. [pi. ODDITIES.] 1. State 
of being odd or singular; strangeness. 2. 
Queer person or thing. 

ODDLY (od'li), adv. In an odd manner. 

ODDS (odz), n. pi. 1. Difference in favor of one 
against another. 2. More than an even wager. 

3. Advantage. 4. Scraps; miscellaneous 
pieces; as, in odds and ends. — At odds, at 
variance. 

ODE (6d), n. 1. Poem written to be set to music. 
2. Noble, dignified poem. [Gr.] 

ODEON (6-de'on), ODEUM (6-de'um), n. In 
ancient Greece and Rome, theater in which 
poets and musicians competed for prizes. 

ODER (6'der), n. A river of Germany which 
falls into the Baltic Sea. 

ODESSA (6-des'a), n. A city of Russia, on the 
Black Sea. 

ODIC (o'dik), a. Of or pertaining to the hypo- 
thetical force od. 

ODIN (6'din), n. Norse chief of the gods; 
identified with Wo- 
dan. 

ODIOUS (o'di-us), a. 
Hateful; offensive; 
repulsive. [See ODI- 
UM.] . 

ODIUM (o'di-um), n. 
1. Hatred. 2. Offen- 
siveness. [L.] 

ODOMETER (o-dom'- 
e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring 




Odometer. 



distances traversed. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



ODONTOGRAPH 



773 



OFFICINAL 




Odontograph. 
tooth, and logos, 

2. Repu- 



ODONTOGRAPH (6-don'to-graf), n. Much. 

Instrument devised to 

lay out and design the 

pitch in the teeth of 

cog wheels. [Gr. odous, 

tooth, and grapho, 

write.] 
ODONTOID (6-don'toid), 

a. Shaped like a tooth; 

tooth-like. 
ODONTOLOGY (6-don- 

tol'o-ji), n. Science of 

the nature and growth 

of the teeth. [Gr. odous, 

discourse.] 
ODOR (6'dur), n. 1. Smell; perfume. 

tation. [L.] 
ODORIFEROUS (6-dur-if'er-us), a. Diffusing 

fragrance; perfumed. [L. odoriferus — odor, 

odor, and fero, bear.] 
ODORIFEROUSLY (6-dur-if'er-us-li), adv. In 

an odoriferous manner; odorously. 
ODORIFEROUSNESS (o-dur-if'er-us-nes), n. 

Quality or state of being odoriferous. 
ODORLESS (o'dur-les), a. Having no odor or 

smell. 
ODOROUS (6'dur-us), a. Having an odor; 

fragrant. 
ODOROUSLY (6'dur-us-li), adv. In an odorous 

manner; fragrantly. 
ODOROUSNESS (6'dur-us-nes), n, Quality or 

state of being odorous. 
OD YL (6'dil), n. Same as OD. 
ODYLIC (6-dil'ik), a. Of or pertaining to od or 

odyl; odic. 
ODYSSEUS (6-dis'us), n. Greek Myth. Same 

as ULYSSES. 
ODYSSEY (od'i-si), n. Greek epic poem de- 
scribing the return of Odysseus from the 

Trojan war. 
OEDEMA, EDEMA (e-de'ma), n. Swelling caused 

by water beneath the skin. [Gr. oidima.] 
CEDIPUS (ed'i-pus), n. Greek Myth. Son of 

Laius and Jocasta; king of Thebes; involun- 
tarily killed his father and married his mother; 

he solved the riddle of the Sphinx, went mad, 

and put out his own eyes. 
O'ER (or), adv. and prep. Contracted form cf 

OVER, used chiefly in poetry. 
OESOPHAGUS, n. Same as ESOPHAGUS. 
OF (ov), prep. 1. From; out from. 2. Belonging 

to; relating to. [A.S. of.] 
OFF (af), I. adv. 1. Away from; not on. 2. 

Not to take place; as, the light is off. II. a. 1. 

Most distant; on the opposed or further side. 

2. Free from work or duty; as, an off day. 3. 

Other than the usual or regular. III. prep. 

Not on. IV. inter j. Away! depart! — Be off, 

depart. — Come off, escape. — Go off, (1) be 

discharged; as, the gun went off; (2) depart. — - 

Take off, mimic with ridicule. — Well off, 

well situated; wealthy. [Same as OF.] 
OFFAL (of'al), n. Part of an animal unfit for 



use; refuse; anything worthless. [OFF and 
FALL.] 

OFFENCE, n. Same as OFFENSE. 

OFFEND (of-fend'), v. [pr.p. OFFENDING; p.t. 
and p.p. OFFENDED.] I. vt. Displease; make 
angry; affront. II. vi. Sin; cause anger. [L. 
oh, against, and fendo, strike.] 

OFFENDER (of-fend'er), n. One who offends; 
lawbreaker. 

OFFENSE (of-fens'), n. 1. Act of offending; 
affront; insult; outrage. 2. Crime; misde- 
meanor; sin. 3. Umbrage. 

OFFENSIVE (of-fen'siv), I. a. 1. Causing 
offense; displeasing. 2. Disgusting. 3. Used 
in attack. 4. Making the first attack. II. n. 

1. Act of the attacking party. 2. Posture of 
one who attacks. [See OFFEND.] 

OFFENSIVELY (of-fensiv-li), adv. In an of- 
fensive manner. 

OFFENSIVENESS (of-fen'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being offensive. 

OFFER (ofer), v. [pr.p. OFFERING; p.t. and 
p.p. OFFERED (of'erd).] I. vt. 1. Make a 
proposal to; lay before; present to the mind. 

2. Attempt. 3. Propose to give. 4. Present 
in worship. II. vi. 1. Present itself; be at 
hand. 2. Declare a willingness. 

OFFER (ofer), n. 1. Act of offering. 2. First 
advance. 3. That which is offered; proposal 
made. [L. offero — oh, towards, and fero, bring.] 

OFFERING (of'er-ing), n. 1. Act of making 
an offer. 2. That which is offered; sacrifice. 

OFFERTORY (of'er-to-ri), n. 1. Words sung 
or spoken during mass, or while a collection 
is being made. 2. Offerings. 

OFFHAND (af'hand), I. a. 1. Done without 
hesitation. 2. Informal. II. adv. 1. In a free 
and easy manner. 2. Without preparation. 

OFFICE (of'is), n. 1. Settled duty or employ- 
ment. 2. Public position of trust or profit. 

3. Act of worship. 4. Place for business. 5. 
Persons in an office. [L. officium, service, 
duty.] 

OFFICER (of'i-ser), n. 1. One who holds an 
office, especially in the army or navy. 2. Con- 
stable; policeman. 

OFFICER (of'i-ser), vt. [pr.p. OF'FICERING; 
p.t. and p.p. OFFICERED (of'i-serd).] 1. 
Furnish with officers. 2. Command as offi- 
cers. 

OFFICIAL (of-fish'al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
an office. 2. Depending on the proper office 
or authority. 3. Done by authority; authori- 
tative. II. n. One who holds an office, espe- 
cially a civil office. 

OFFICIALLY (of-fish'al-i), adv. In an official 
manner. 

OFFICIATE (of-fish'i-at), vi: [pr.p. OFFICIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. OFFICIATED.] Perform 
official duties. 

OFFICINAL (of-fis'i-nal), a. Approved, as med- 
icine kept prepared by apothecaries. [Fr. — L. 
officina, workshop.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=w in Scotch guie; oil, owl, £Aen, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



OFFICIOUS 



774: 



OINTMENT 



OFFICIOUS (of-fish'us), a. Tao forward in offer- 
ing services; intermeddling [L. officiosus.] 

OFFICIOUSLY (of-fish'us-li), adv. In an of- 
ficious manner. 

OFFICIOUSNESS (of-fish'us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being officious; meddlesomeness. 

OFFING (af'ing), «. Part of the sea with deep 
water distant fnm the shoie. 

OFFISH (af ish), o. Distant in manner. 

OFFSCOURING (af'skowr-ing), n. Anything 
that is rejected or despised. 

OFFSET (af'set), n. 1. Sum or value set off 
against another as an equivalent. 2. Young 
shoot or bud. 3. Terrace en a hillside. 4. 
Horizontal ledge on the face of a wall. 5. In 
surveying, perpendicular from the main line 
to an outlying point. 6 Print. Faulty trans- 
fer of undried ink on a printed sheet to any 
opposed surface. 

OFFSET (af-sef or af'set), v. [pr.p. OFFSET- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. OFFSET'.] I. vt. Balance 
by an equivalent; set off. II. vi. Become 
smutty on the back, as in printing the second 
side of a sheet. 

OFFSHOOT (af'shot), n. Branch of the parent 
stem; anything growing out of another. 

OFFSHORE (af'shor), I. o. Leading away 
from the shore. II. adv. Away from the 
shore. 

OFFSPRING (af 'spring), n. Child; children; 
issue. 

OFT (aft), OFTEN (af'n). adv. Frequently; 
many times. [A.S.] 

OFTTIMES (af'timz), OFTENTIMES (af'n-timz), 
adv. Many times; frequently. 

OGEE (6-Je'), n. Arch. Wave-like molding 
formed of a convex curve continued or fol- 
lowed by a concave one. [Fr. ogive.'] 

OGLE (6'gl), v. [pr.p. O'GLING; p.t. and p.p. 
OGLED (6'gld).] I. vt. Look at fondly with side 
glances. II. vi. Practice ogling. [Cf. Ger. 
aeugeln.] 

OGRE (o'ggr), n. [fern. O'GRESS.] Man-eating 
monster or giant of fairy tales. [Fr. — L. Orcus, 
lower world.] 

OGREISH (6'ger-ish), o. Like an ogre in char- 
acter or appearance. 

OH (6), interj. Deno- 
ting surprise, pain, 
sorrow, etc. See 



OHELO (6-he'lG), 
n. Shrub and 
fruit of the ge- 
nus Vacclnium, 
found almost 
exclusively near 
the top of the 
mountains in 
Hawaii. Fruit 
is of agreeable 
taste and used 
largely to make 




Ohelo (F. reticulaium). 
preserves. [Hawaiian.] 



OHIO (6-M'o), n. One of the United States. 

Area 44,464 sq. m. Capital, Columbus. 
OHM (dm), w. Unit of electrical resistance; the 

resistance of a column of quicksilver 1 sq. 

millimeter in section and 106 centimeters in 

length. [Prof. Ohm, German electrician.] 
OHMAGE (om'aj), n. Elec. Ohmic resistance 

of a conductor. 
OHMIC (om'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to an ohm. 

2. Measured in ohms. 
-OID (oid), suffix. Resembling; like. [Gr. -o-ei- 

dSs — -eidos, form.] 
OIL (oil), n. Greasy liquid of animal, mineral 

or vegetable origin. [O. Fr. oile — L. oleum.] 
OIL (oil), vt. [pr.p. OIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. OILED 

(oild).] Lubricate or annoint with oil. 
OIL-CAKE (oii'kak), n. Cake made of flaxseed, 

rape-seed, cotton-seed, etc., from which the 

oil has been pressed out. 
OILCLOTH (oil'klath), n. Painted floor-cloth. 
OIL-COLOR (oil'kul-ur), n. 1. Color or pigment 

made by grinding a coloring substance in oil. 

2. Painting produced in such colors. 




Oil Painting. 

OILER (oil'er), n. One who, or that which,' oils; 

device for applying oil for lubrication. 
OILINESS (oil'i-nes), n. g 

Quality or state of being 

oily. 
OILSKIN (oil'skin), n. 1. 

Fabric prepared with oil 

to make it waterproof. 2. 

Garment made 

of such fabric. 
OILSTONE (oil'- 

ston), n. Fine- 
grained stone 

used, when 

oiled, for sharp- 
ening tools. Oilers. 
OILY (oil'i), a. 1. Consisting of, containing, 

or having the qualities of, oil. 2. Greasy. 
OINTMENT (oint'ment), n. 1. Anything used 

in anointing. 2. Greasy substance applied 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
W=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



OKA PI 



775 



OLIO 




to diseased or wounded parts. [O. Fr. oignc- 
ment — L. un-\ 
guentum — «n> 
guo, smear.] 
OKAPI(o-ka'pi), 
n. A ruminant 
animal with a 
head like a deer, other- 
wise resembling a gi- 
raffe, excepting that its 
neck is shorter, dis- 
covered in Africa in 
1900. 

Oklahoma (ok-ia-ho'- 

ma), n. One of the 
United States. Area 
38 958 sq. m. Okapi (Okapia johnstoni). 

OKONITE (o'ko-nit), n. Insulating material 
composed of a mixture of mineral wax and 
resin with caoutchouc and sulphur. 

OKRA (o'kra), ti. Annual plant whose mucilag- 
inous seed pods are used for soup; gumbo. 
It is cultivated not only for its edible pods but 
also for a coarse fiber it 
produces. 

OLD (old), a. [comp. OLDER 
or ELDER; superl. OLD- 
EST or ELD'EST.] 1. Ad- 
vanced in years. 2. Hav- 
ing been long in existence. 

3. Decayed by time or use. 

4. Out of date; ancient. 5. 
Having the age or duration 
of. 6. Long practiced. 7. 
Long-time; familiar; used 
as a term of affection or 
cordiality. — Old English, 
style of black letter type 
used in 16th century. — 
Old maid, unmarried worn- Okra or Gumbo (Hi- 
an somewhat advanced in biscus esculentus) . 
years. — Old style (often written with a date 
O. S.), the mode of reckoning time before 
1752, according to the Julian calendar or year 
of 365^ days. [A.S. eald, old.] 

SYN. Aged; pristine; ancient; antiquated; 
obsolete. ANT. Youthful; young; recent; 
fresh; modern; current. 

OLDEN (old'n), a. Old; ancient; bygone. 

OLDENBURG (61'den-biirg), n. Grand duchy, 
N. Germany. Area 2,479 sq. m. 

OLD-FASHIONED (old-fash'und), a. 1. Of a 
fashion like that used long ago; out of date. 
2. Clinging to old things and old styles. 3. 
Having manners like those of grown-up per- 
sons (said of a child). 

OLDISH (old'ish), a. Somewhat old. 

OLD-MAIDISH (old-mad'ish), a. Like the con- 
ventional old maid; prim. See OLD. 

OLD-MAIDISM (old-mad'izm), n. State or con- 
dition of an old maid. 

OLDNESS (old'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
old. 





Old-squaw (Harelda hye- 
malis). 



OLD-SQUAW (old' skwa),w. Ornith. Species of 
wild duck inhabit- 
ingthecoastof Lab- 
rador but which 
migrates to the 
New England coast 
of theUnited States 
during the winter 
months. 

OLD-TIME(old'tim), 
a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to times 
long gone by. 2. 
Of long standing. 3. Old-fashioned. 

OLD-TIMER (old-ti'mer), n. One who has lived 
in a place or kept a position for a long time. 

OLD-WOMANISH (old-wom'an-ish), a. Like 
an old woman. 

OLD-WORLD (old'wurld), a. 1. Of or pertain- 
ing to the Old World or eastern hemisphere. 
2. Old-fashioned; antiquated. 

OLEAGINOUS (6-le-aj'i-nus), a. Oily. [L. 
oleum, oil.] 

OLEANDER (6-le-an'der), n. Evergreen poison- 
ous shrub with beautiful flowers. [Fr., corrup. 
Of RHODODENDRON.] 

OLEASTER (6-le-as'ter), n. Wild olive. [L. 
olea, olive-tree — Gr. elaia, olive.] 

OLEIFEROUS (6-le-if er-us), a. Producing oil, 
as seeds. [L. oleum, oil, and fero, bear.] 

OLEIC (6-le'ik), a. Denoting an acid resulting 
from the action of an oil on an alkali, especially 
linseed on potash. — Oleic acid, a colorless 
limpid fluid having a slight odor and pungent 
taste, used in making soap. 

OLEOGRAPH (o'le-o-graf), n. Print in oil- 
colors to imitate an oil-painting. [L. oleum- 
oil, and Gr. grapho, write.] 

OLEOMARGARIN, OLEOMARGARINE (6-le- 
o-mar'ga-rin), n. Substitute for butter, var- 
iously prepared from beef-tallow, nut-oil, 
cottonseed oil, etc.; butterine. [L. oleum, 
oil, and MARGARIN.] 

OLFACTORY (ol-fak'to-ri), o. Pertaining to or 
used in smelling. [L. olfacto, smell.] 

OLIBANUM (6-lib'a-num), n. Gum extracted 
from a tree (Boswellia 
serrata) and used as an 
incense; frankincense. 
[Gr. libanos, frankin- 
cense.] 

OLIGARCH (oli-gark),w. 
Member of an oligarchy. 

OLIGARCHY (ol'i-gar- 
ki), n. [pi. OLIGAR- 
CHIES.] 1. State gov- 
erned by a few. 2. Set 
of few persons who 
rule. [Gr. oligos, few, and archo, rule.] 

OLIO (o'li-6), «. [pi. OLIOS (6'li-6z).] 1. Dish of 
different sorts of meat and vegetables boiled 
together. 2. Music. Medley. 3. Literary 
miscellany. [Sp. olla — L. olla, pot.] 




Olibanum Tree. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, Kh=ch in bcct-ca loch, 



OLIVE 



776 



ONOMATOPCEIA 




Olive branch. 



OLIVE (ol'iv), n. 1. Tree cultivated around the 
Mediterranean for its oily fruit. 
2. Its fruit. 3. Dull green color 
like the unripe olive. [L. olivet.] 

OLIVIN, OLIVINE (ol'i-vin), n. 1. 
Magnesium iron silicate, usually 
of an olive-green color. 2. Green 
garnet. 

OLLA PODRIDA (ol'ya po-dre'da), 
n. 1. Kind of Spanish stew. 2. In- 
congruous mixture. [Sp., putrid 
pot.] 

-OLOGY (ol'o-ji), suffix. Termination of words 
whose derivation is from the Greek language, 
usually denoting a science. [Gr. -ologia, from 
lego, gather.] 

OlY3IPIA (6-lim'pi-a), n. Capital state of 
Washington. 

OLYMPIAD (6-lim'pi-ad), n. In ancient Greece, 
a period of four years, heing the interval 
between the Olympic games, used in reckon- 
ing time (the date of the first Olympiad is 
776 B.C.). [Gr. olympias — Olympia, a district 
in Elis in ancient Greece.] 

Olympian (o-iim'pi-an), Olympic (o-itm'- 

pik), a. 1. Pertaining to Olympia, or the 

games that took place there. 2. Pertaining to 

Mt. Olympus, the fabled seat of the gods. 
OLYMPUS (6-lim'pus), n. The magnificent 

mountain on the coast of Thessaly, 9,750 feet 

high, where the gods were supposed bj r the 

ancient Greeks to reside. 
OMAHA (6'ma-ha), n. City, Nebraska, on 

Missouri River. 
OMEGA (6-me'ga or 6'meg-a), n. 1. Last letter 

of the Greek alphabet. 2. The end. [Gr. 

o mega, the great or long o.] 
031ELET (om'e-let), n. Dish composed chiefly 

of eggs. [Fr. omelette.] 
OMEN (6'men), n. Sign of some future event; 

foreboding. [L.] 
OMINOUS(om'i-nus),a. Pertaining to or contain- 
ing an omen; foreboding evil; inauspicious. 
OMISSIBLE (6-mis'i-bl), a. That may be 

omitted.] 
OMISSION (6-mish'un), n. 1. Act of omitting 

or neglecting. 2. That which is omitted. [L. 

omissio.] 
031IT (6-mif), vt. [pr.p. ©MIT'TING; p.t. and 

p.p. OMIT'TED.] 1. Leave out. 2. Neglect; 

fail. [L. orniito — oh, away, and rnitto, send.] 
OMNIBUS (om'ni-bus), n. Large four-wheeled 

vehicle for conveying many passengers. [L., 

for all, dative pi. of omnis, all.] 
OMNIGBAPBL (om'ni-graf), n„ JElec. Telegraph 

instrument fitted with a device by which 

messages can be sent and received with any 

degree of rapidity. [L. omnia, all, and Gr. 

grapho, write.] 
OMNIPOTENCE (om-nip'o-tens), OMNIPOTEN- 

CY (om-nip'o-ten-si), n. Unlimited power. 
OMNIPOTENT (om-nip'o-tent), a. Possessing 

unlimited power; all-powerful. 



OMNIPRESENCE (om-ni-prez'ens), n. Uni- 
versal presence; ubiquity. 

OMNIPRESENT (om-ni-prez'ent), a. Present 
everywhere. [L. omnis, all, and PRESENT.] 

OMNISCIENCE (om-nish'ens), n. Unlimited 
knowledge or wisdom. 

OMNISCIENT (om-nish'ent), a. All-knowing; 
infinitely wise. [L. omnis, all, and seiens, 
knowing.] 

OMNIVOROUS (om-niv'o-rus), a. 1. All-de- 
vouring. 2. Feeding on both animal and veg- 
etable food. [L. omnis, all, /and voro, devour.] 

OMPHALE (om'fa-le), n. Greek Myth. Beauti- 
ful Lydian queen who became the mistress 
of Hercules. 

ON (on), I. prep. 1. In contact with the upper 
part of. 2. To and towards the surface of. 
3. Upon or in contact with. 4. Not off. 5. 
At, near, or during. 6. In addition to. 7. 
Toward; for. 8. At the peril of. 9. In conse- 
quence of. 10. Immediately after. II. adv. 
1. Above, or next beyond. 2. Forward; in suc- 
cession. 3. In continuance. 4. Not off. 5. 
About the body. III. inter j. Goon! proceed! 
[A. S. an.] 

ONCE (wuns), I. adv. 1. One single time. 3. 
At a former time. II. conj. After. III. n. 
One time. — At .once, immediately; simul- 
taneously. [A. S. dnes, genit. of an, one, used 
as an adv. See NONCE.] 

ON DIT (ang de). They say. [Fr.] 

ONE (wun), pron. Person spoken of indefinitely, 
as in the phrase one should think. [Merely a 
special use of the numeral ONE.] 

ONE (wun), a. 1. Single in number. 2. Forming 
a whole; undivided. 3. The same. — At one, 
of one mind. [A.S. an.] 

ONENESS (wun'nes), n. Singleness; unity. 

ONEROUS (on'er-us), a. Burdensome; oppres- 
sive. [L. onus, burden.] 

ONESELF (wun-self')» pron, A person's self; 
. one's self. 

ONE-SIDED (wun'si-ded), a. Limited to one 
side; partial; incomplete. 

ONION (un'yun), n, 1. Common plant, with 
edible bulbous root. 2. 
Its bulb. [Fr. oignon — L. 
unio — unus, one.] 

ONION-HOE (un'yun-ho), 
n. Hand garden tool 
specially made for the 
purpose of aiding in the cultivation of onions. 

ONLOOKER (on'lok-er), n. Spectator; observer. 

ONLY (dn'li), I. a. 1. Single; solitary. 2. This 
above all others. II. adv. In one manner; 
for one purpose? singly; simply; no more 
than; merely; barely. HI. conj. Excepting 
that; but. [A.S. dnllc — an, one, and lie, 

- like.] 

ONOMATOPCEIA (on-o-mat-o-pe'ya), **• *• 
Formation of a word with resemblance in 
sound to that of the thing signified, as "click," 
"cuckoo." 2. Such a word itself. 3. Use of 




Onion-hoe 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf, mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ONOMAT0PO3IC 



777 . 



OPERATION 



such a word. [Gr. onyma, name, and poied, 
make.] 

ONOMATOPOEIC (on-o-mat-o-pe'ik), a. Formed 
or characterized by onomatopoeia. 

ONOMATOPOETIC (on-o-mat-o-po-et'ik), a. 
Onomatopoeic. 

ONSET (on'set), n. Violent attack; assault. 

ONSLAUGHT (on'slat), n. Furious attack. [A.S. 
on, on, and sleaht, stroke.] 

ONTARIO (on-ta/ri-6), n. Province, Canada. 
Area 260,862 sq. m. 

ONTARIO, LAKE. Between Canada and 
United States. Area 5,400 sq. m. 

ONTO (on'to), prep. Upon; on. 

ONTOLOGIC (on-to-loj'ik), ONTOLOGICAL (on- 
to-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to ontology. 

ONTOLOGIST (on-tol'o-jist), n. Person versed 
in ontology. 

ONTOLOGY (on-tol'o-ji), n. Science that treats 
of the principles of pure being. [Gr. on, ontos, 
being, and logos, discourse.] 

ONUS (6'nus), n. Burden. [L.] 

ONWARD (on'ward), I. a. Advancing; ad- 
vanced. II. adv. Toward a point in front; 
forward. 

ONWARDS (on'wardz), adv. Same as ONWARD. 

ONYX (on'iks), n. 1. Agate formed of layers of 
chalcedony of different colors. 2. Variety of 
marble, resembling onyx; Mexican onyx- 
marble. [L. — Gr. onyx, finger-nail, gem.] 

OOLITE (6'o-lit), n. Kind of limestone, com- 
posed of grains like the roe of a fish. [From 
Gr. oon, egg, and lithos, stone.] 

OOLITIC (6-o-lit'ik), a. Of, or pertaining to, 
oolite. 

OOLOGY (6-ol'o-ji), n. Treatise on the eggs of 
birds. [Gr. oon, egg, and -OLOGY.] 

OOLONG (6'lang), n. Kind of black tea grown 
in China. [Chinese hu, hah, black, and 
loong, dragon. (Lit. translation, black drag- 
on's whiskers.)] 

OOSPHERE (6'o-sfer), n. Bot. Unfertilized egg 
or germ cell. [Gr. oon, egg, and sphaira, 
sphere.] 

OOSPORE (6'o-spor), n. Bot. Immediate prod- 
uct of the fertilization of the oosphere. 
[Gr. oon, egg, and SPORE.] 

OOZE (6z), n. 1. Soft mud. 2. Gentle flow. 
[A. S. wase, mud.] 

OOZE (oz), v. [pr.p. OOZING; p.t. and p.p. 
OOZED (ozd).] I. vt. Emit or give out slowly 
and gently. II. vi. 1. Flow gently. 2. Per- 
colate. 

OOZY (o'zi), a. Resembling ooze; slimy. 

OPACITY (o-pas'i-ti), n. Opaqueness; obscurity. 

OPAL (6'pal), n. Precious stone of a milky hue, 
remarkable for its changing colors. [L. 
opalus.] 

OPALESCENCE (6-pal-es'ens), n. Quality of 
displaying the colors of the opal. 

OPALESCENT (6-pal-es'ent), a. Reflecting a 
milky or pearly light from within. 

OPALINE (6 'pal-in), I. a. Relating to, or like, 



opal. II. n. Semi-transparent glass; fusible 
porcelain or milk-glass. 

OPAQUE (6-pak'), a. Not transparent. [L. 
opacus.] 

OPAQUENESS (6-pak'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being opaque. 

OPE (op), vt. and vi. [pr.p. O'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
OPED (opt).] Open. (Poetic.) 

OPEN (6'pn), I. a. 1. Not shut. 2. Free of 
access. 3. Free from trees. 4. Not fenced. 
5. Not drawn together. 6. Not frozen up. 
7. Free to be used, etc.; public. 8. Without 
reserve; frank; easily understood. 9. Gener- 
ous; liberal. 10. Clear. 11. Unbalanced, as an 
account. 12. Free to be discussed. 13. Liable 
to attack; exposed. 14. Uttered with the 
mouth wide open. II. n. Clear space, on land 
or water. [A.S.] 

OPEN (6'pn), v. [pr.p. OPENING; p.t. and p.p. 
OPENED (o'pnd).] I. vt. 1. Make open. 2. 
Bring to view. 3. Explain. 4. Begin. II. 
vi. 1. Become open; unclose; be unclosed. 
2. Begin to appear; begin. 

OPENER (6'pn-er), n. One who or that which 
opens. 

OPEN-HANDED (6'pn-hand-ed), a. Generous; 
liberal. 

OPEN-HEARTED (6'pn-hart-ed), a. 1. Frank; 
candid; sincere. 2. Generous. 

OPENING (6'pn~ing), n. 1. Open place; breach; 
aperture. 2. Beginning. 3. First appearance. 
4. Opportunity. 5. Act of opening or state 
of becoming open. 

SYN. Gap; clearing; commencement; va- 
cancy. 

OPENLY (o'pn-li), adv. 1. Publicly. 2. Candidly. 

OPENNESS (6'pn-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being open. 

OPENWORK (6'pn-wurk), n. Any work show- 
ing openings through it for ornament. 

OPERA (op'er-a), n. 1. Musical drama. 2. 
Theater for exhibiting operas. [It. — L. opera, 
work.] 

OPERA-BOUFFE (op-er-a-bof), n. Comic op- 
era. [Fr. — It. o p era-buff a. ,] 

OPERA-CLOAK (op'er-a-klok), n. Cloak of 
elegant form and material for carrying into 
the auditorium of a theater or opera-house as 
a protection against drafts. 

OPERA-GLASS (op'er-a-glas), n. Small binocu- 
lar telescope for use in operas, theaters, etc. 

OPERA-HOUSE (op'er-a-hows), n. Theater 
where operas are represented. 

OPERATE (op'er-at), v. [pr.p. OP'ERATING; 
p.t. and p.p. OPERATED.] I. vi. 1. Act; 
exert power or strength. 2. Take effect. 3. 
Perform surgical work. II. vt. 1. Effect. 2. 
Put into activity; work. [L. operor — opera, 
work.] 

OPERATIC (op-er-at'ik), a. Pertaining to or 
resembling the opera. 

OPERATION (op-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act or proc- 
ess of operating. 2. Agency; influence. 3. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, woif; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ck in Scotch loch. 



OPERATIVE 



778 



OPPROBRIUM 



, 



Method of working. 4. Action or movement. 
5. Surgical performance. 

OPERATIVE (op'er-a-tiv), I. a. 1. Having the 
power of operating or acting. 2. Exerting 
force. 3. Producing effects. II. n. Workman 
in a factory. 

OPERATOR (op'er-a-tur), n. One who or that 
which operates or produces an effect. 

OPERCULUM (6-per'ku-lurn), n. Bot. Lid; 
cover; flap. [L. operio, cover, conceal.] 

OPERETTA (op-er-et'a),n. Short, light opera. [It.] 

OPHIDIAN (of-id'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to ser- 
pents. II. n. Serpent; snake. [Gr. ophis, 
serpent.] 

OPHTHALMIA (of-thal'mi-a), OPHTHALMY 
(of-thal'mi), n. Inflammation of the eye. 
[Gr. opMhalmos, eye.] 

OPHTHALMIC (of-thal'mik), a. Pertaining to 
the eye; ocular. 

OPHTHALMODIAPHANOSCOPE (of-thal'mo- 
di-a-fan'o-skop), n. Surg. Instrument for 
examining the hack of the human eye. 

OPHTHALMOLOGY(of-thal-mol'o-ji), n. Pathol. 
Science that treats of anatomy and diseases 
of the eye. [Gr. ophthalmos, eye, and -OLOGY.] 

OPHTHAL3IOSCOPE (of-thalmo-skop), n. In- 
strument for examining the interior of the eye. 
[Gr. opMhalmos, eye, and skopeo, look at.] 

-OPIA, -OPY, suffix. Signifies sight or vision. 
[Gr. ops, eye.] 

OPIATE (6'pi-at), I. n. 1. Any medicine that 
contains opium, and induces sleep. 2. That 
which induces rest. II. a. Inducing sleep; 
causing rest. 

OPINE (6-pin'), vi. [pr.p. OPI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
OPINED (6-pind').] Judge; suppose. [Fr. 
opiner — L. opinor, think.] 

OPINION (6-pin'yun), n. 1. Conviction on 
prohahle evidence; estimation; notion. 2. 
Judgment. 

OPINIONATED (6-pin'yun-a-ted), a. Firmly 
adhering to one's own opin- 
ions; obstinate. 

OPIU31 (6'pi-um), n. Narcotic 
juice of the white poppy. [L. 
— Gr. opion, dim. from opos, 
sap.] 

OPODELDOC (op-6-del'dok), n. 
Mixture of soap, alcohol, cam- 
phor, etc., used as a liniment. 

Oporto (o-por'to), n. city, 

Portugal, on Douro River. 

OPOSSU31 (6-pos'um), «. Amer- 
ican quadruped with a pre- 
hensile tail. The female carries 
her young in a pouch. 

OPPONENT (op-po'nent), I. a. 
Opposing. II. n. One who 
opposes, especially in dehate. 

SYN. Adversary; antag- 
onist; foe; enemy. ANT. 
Accessory; abettor; aider; friend; helper; as- 
sistant; accomplice; ally. 




Opossum. 



OPPORTUNE (op-fir-tun ), a. Present at a 
proper time; convenient. [L. ob, before, near, 
and portus, harbor.] 

OPPORTUNELY (op-ur-tun'li), adv. In an 
opportune manner. 

OPPORTUNENESS (op-ur-tun'nes), n. Quality 
or state of being opportune. 

OPPORTUNISM (op-ur-tu'nizm), n. Practice of 
regulating principles by favorable oppor- 
tunities without regard to consistency. 

OPPORTUNIST (op-ur-tu'nist), n. Politician 
who waits for events before declaring his 
opinions. 

OPPORTUNITY (op-ur-tu'ni-ti), n. [pi. OPPOR- 
TUNITIES.] Opportune or convenient time; 
favorable occasion; chance or opening. 

OPPOSABLE (op-po'za-bl), a. 1. That can be 
resisted. 2. That may be placed opposite, as 
the thumb to the other fingers. 

OPPOSE (op-poz ), v. [pr.p. OPPOSING; p.t. 
and p.p. OPPOSED (op-pdzd').] I. vt. 1. Place 
as an obstacle. 2. Resist. 3. Check. 4. Com- 
pete with. II. vi. Make objection. [Fr. — L. 
ob, and Fr. poser, place.] 

SYN. Withstand; hinder; obstruct; bar. 
ANT. Aid; abet; back; support; advance; 
expedite; facilitate. 

OPPOSITE (op'o-zit), I. a. 1. Placed over 
against; standing in front. 2. Contrasted with. 

3. Contrary. II. n. 1. That which is opposed 
or contrary. 2. Opponent. [L. oppositus.] 

OPPOSITION (op-o-zish'un), n. 1. State of be- 
ing opposite or opposed. 2. Act of opposing; 
resistance. 3. That which opposes; obstacle. 

4. Party that opposes the existing administra- 
tion or the party in power. 5. Astron. Situa- 
tion of heavenly bodies when 180 degrees 
apart. 

OPPOSITIVE (op-poz'i-tiv), a. That may be 
put in opposition; opposing. 

OPPRESS (op-pres), vt. [pr.p. OPPRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. OPPRESSED (op-prest').] 1. Use 
severely; treat harshly; burden. 2. Lie heavy 
upon; constrain; prostrate; depress. [Fr. — L, 
opprimo, oppressus — ob, against, and premo, 
press.] 

SYN. Grind; maltreat; abuse; persecute. 
ANT. Befriend; assist; encourage. 

OPPRESSION (op-presh'un), n. 1. Act of op- 
pressing or being oppressed. 2. Tyranny; in- 
justice. 3. Dullness; depression. [Fr. — L. 
oppressio, violence.] 

OPPRESSIVE (op-pres'iv), a. 1. Tending to 
oppress; unjustly severe. 2. Heavy; over- 
powering. 

OPPRESSIVELY (op-pres'iv-li), adv. In an op- 
pressive manner. 

OPPRESSOR (op-presur), n. One who op- 
presses. 

OPPROBRIOUS (op-pr6'bri-us), a. 1. Expres- 
sive of opprobrium; abusive. 2. Infamous; 
despised. 

OPPROBRIUM (op-prO'bri-um), n. 1. Scurril- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note noc, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,. 
ii=w in* Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



OPPUGN 



779 



ORANGE 



ous or abusive language; abuse. 2. Disgrace; 
reproach; infamy. [L. 06, against, and pro- 
brum, reproach.] 

OPPUGN (op-pun'), vt. [pr.p. OPPUGNING; p.t. 
and p.p. OPPUGNED (op-pund').] Oppose; 
resist; combat. [L. ob, against, and pugna, 
fight.] 

OPS (ops), n. 'Roman Myth. Goddess of abun- 
dance and wife of Saturn. 

OPSONIC (op-son'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
opsonin or opsonics. 

OPSONICS (op-son'iks), n. Treatment of dis- 
ease by the inoculation of the patient with a 
solution of dead germs of the same kind as 
those which, living, cause the disease. The 
inoculation puts the disease germs in con- 
dition to be destroyed by the phagocytes of the 
blood. 

OPSONIN (op'so-nin), n. Substance in the blood 
that causes disease germs to be palatable to 
the phagocytes. [Gr. opson, provisions.] 

OPTATIVE (op'ta-tiv), I. a. Expressing desire. 
II. n. Gram. Mood of the verb expressing 
wish. [L. opto, wish.] 

OPTIC (op'tik), I. a. Relating to sight, or to 
optics. II. n. Eye. [Fr. optique — Gr. optikos — 
root of ops, face.] 

OPTICAL, (op'tik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to sight 
or vision; optic. 2. Pertaining to the science 
of optics. — Optical illusions, erroneous im- 
pressions sometimes conveyed through the 
organs of vision to the mind. — Optical lens, a 
ground glass for a telescope or other optical 
instrument. 

OPTICIAN (op-tish'an), n. 1. One skilled in 
optics. 2. One who makes or sells optical 
instruments. 

OPTICS (op'tiks), n. Science of the nature and 
laws of vision and light. 

OPTIMISM (op'ti-mizm), n. 1. Doctrine that 
everything in the world is arranged for the 
best. 2. Tendency to take the most hopeful 
view of matters; opposed to PESSIMISM. [L. 
optimus, best.] 

OPTIMIST (op'ti-mist), w. One who adheres to 
optimism. 

OPTIMISTIC (op-ti-mis'tik), a. Characterized 
by optimism; hopeful; sanguine. 

OPTION (op'shun), n. 1. Right of choosing; 
choice. 2. Right to sell or buy at a future 
time and at a fixed price. [L. optio, choice.] 

OPTIONAL (op'shun-al), a. Left to one's option 
or choice. 

OPTIONALLY (op'shun-al-i), adv. In an op- 
tional manner. 

OPTOMETER (op-tom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the limits of distinct vision. 
[Gr. optikos, optic, and -METER.] 

OPULENCE (op'u-lens), n. Means; riches; 
wealth. 

OPULENT (op'u-lent), a. Wealthy. [L. opes, 
wealth.] 

OPUNTIA (6-pun'shi-a)> n. Genus of cacti, a 



species in Guatemala, Central America, grow- 
ing to a great height and bearing pink and 
purple flowers. [Gr. Opous, town in Greece.] 




Opuntia (Opuntia chloratica Santa Rita). 

OPUS (6 'pus), n. 1. Work; musical or literary 
composition of high order. 2. Particular 
kind of needlework. [L. opus, work.] 

OR (ar), con). Marking an alternative, and 
sometimes opposition. [Short for OTHER.] 

ORACLE (or'a-kl), n. 1. In classical antiquity, 
answer given by the gods. 2. Place where the 
answers were given. 3. The deity supposed 
to give them. 4. One famed for wisdom. [L. 
oraculum — oro, speak.] 

ORACULAR (6-rak'u-lar), a. 1. Delivering 
oracles. 2. Resembling oracles, as in author- 
ity, obscurity, etc.; prophetic. 

ORAL (6'ral), a. Uttered by the mouth; spoken. 
[L. os, oris, mouth.] 

ORALLY (o'ral-i), adv. In an oral manner; 
by word of mouth. 

Or AN (6-ran'), n. Seaport, Algeria, capital of 
Oran province. 

ORANG (6-rang'), n. Abbr. of ORANG-OUTANG. 

ORANGE (or'anj), I. n. 1. Tree with a delight- 
ful gold-colored fruit. 2. Its 
fruit. 3. Color composed of 
red and yellow. II. a. 1. 
Pertaining to an orange. 2. 
Orange-colored. [Fr. — Pers. 
narang.] 

Orangeman (or'anj-man), 

n. [pi. OR'ANGE-MEN.] 
Member of a secret society 
instituted in Ireland in 1795 
to uphold Protestantism, 
British sovereignty, law and 
order, etc. So called from 
William of Orange. 

Orange River, s. Africa, 

falls Into Atlantic Ocean. Blood Oranges. 

Orange River Colony. British colony 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



ORANGERY 



780 



OREAD 



in S. Africa, formerly Orange Free State. 
Area 50,392 sq. m. Capital, Bloemfontein. 

ORANGERY (or'anj-rl), n. Orchard or grove 
where orange trees are grown. 

ORANG-OUTANG (6-rang'o-tang), «. Large 
anthropoid ape, found in Borneo and Sumatra. 
[Malay, orang-utan, man of the woods.] 

ORATION (6-ra'shun), n. Elaborate public 
speech. [L. oro, speak.] 

ORATOR (or'a-tur), n. 1. Public speaker; man 
of eloquence. 2. Spokesman. 3. Plaintiff; 
petitioner. 

ORATORICAL (or-a-tor'ik-al), a. Pertaining 
to oratory; becoming an orator. 

ORATORIO (or-a-to'ri-6), n. Kind of musical 
drama, usually founded on a Scriptural sub- 
ject. [It.] 

ORATORY (or'a-to-ri), n. 1. Art of speaking 
in public; eloquence. 2. Apartment or build- 
ing for private worship. 

ORATRIX (or'a-triks), n. Same as ORATRESS, 
but used in a legal sense only. 

ORATRESS (or'a-tres), n. Female orator. 

ORB (arb), n. 1. Circle; orbit. 2. Sphere; 
celestial body. [L. orbis.~\ 

ORB (arb), vt. [pr.p. ORB'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ORBED (arbd).] 1. Form into a circle. 2. En- 
circle. 

ORBED (arbd), a. Having the form of an orb. 

ORBICULAR (ar-bik'u-lar), a. Round; spher- 
ical. [L. orbiculus, dim. of orbis.] 

ORBICULATE (ar-bik'u-lat), ORBICULATED 
(ar-bik'u-la-ted), a. Circular. 

ORBIT (ar'bit), n. 1. Path described by a 
celestial body in the heavens. 2. Bony cavity 
for the eyeball. [L. orbita — orbis, circle.] 

ORBITAL (ar'bit-al), a. Pertaining to an orbit. 

ORCHARD (ar'chard), n. Garden of fruit-trees 
or piece of ground set apart for their growth. 
[A. S. orceard, ortgeard — wort, herb, and geard, 
garden.] 

ORCHATA (ar-cha'ta), n. Refreshing demulcent 
drink made from the fruits and nuts of various 
tropical trees. [Sp.] 

ORCHESTRA (ar'kes-tra), n. 1. In the Greek 
theater, place where the chorus danced. 2. 
Part of a theater for the musicians. 3. Per- 
formers in an orchestra. 4. Parquet of a 
theater. [Gr. orcheomai, dance.] 

ORCHESTRAL (ar'kes-tral or ar-kes'tral), a. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, an orchestra. 

ORCHESTRATION (ar-kes-tra'- 
shun), n. Arrangement of 
music for an orchestra; in- 
strumentation. 

ORCHID (ar'kid), n. Orchida- 
ceous plant. 

ORCHIDACEOUS (ar-ki-da- 
ghus), a. Relating to the Orchi- 
dacece or orchids, a large 
natural order of plants with beautiful, fra- 
grant flowers of curious shape. 




Orchid. 



ORCHIS (ar'kis), n. 1. Genus ol orchidaceous 
plants. 2. [o-] Plant of the genus Orchis. 

ORDAIN (ar-dan'), vt. [pr.p. ORDAIN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. ORDAINED (ar-dand').] 1. Appoint; 
decree; order. 2. Invest with ministerial 
functions. [O. Fr. ordener — L. ordino.] 

ORDEAL (ar'de-al), I. n. 1. Ancient form of trial 
by lot, fire, water, etc. 2„ Any severe trial or 
examination. II. a. Relating to trial by 
ordeal. [A. S. ordel, judgment.] 

ORDER (ar'der), n. 1. Regular arrangement; 
method. 2. Proper state. 3. Rule. 4. Regu- 
lar government; tranquillity. 5. Command. 6. 
Class. 7. Society of persons. 8. Religious 
fraternity. 9. Scientific division of objects. 
10. System of the parts of columns. 11. [ph] 
Christian ministry. [Fr. ordre — L. ordo.] 

ORDER (ar'der), v. [pr.p. ORDERING; p.t. 
and p.p. ORDERED (ar'derd).] I. vt. 1. Put 
in order; arrange. 2. 31anage; regulate. 3. 
Command; direct. 4. Give an order for. 5. 
Prescribe. 6. Ordain. II. vi. Give orders. 

ORDERER (ar'der-er), n. One who orders. 

ORDERLINESS (ar'der-li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being orderly. 

ORDERLY (ar'der-li), I. a. In order; regular; 
well regulated; quiet. II. adv. Regularly; 
methodically. III. n. Soldier who attends 
on an officer, especially for carrying official 
messages. 

ORDINAL (ar'di-nal), I. a. Showing order or 
succession. II. n. 1. Number noting order. 
2. Ritual for ordination. 

ORDINANCE (ar'di-nans), n. That which is 
ordained by authority; local law. 

ORDINARILY (ar'di-na-ri-ii), adv. 1. In most 
cases; usually; generally; commonly. 2. 
In accordance with established rules. 

ORDINARY (ar'di-na-ri), a, 1. According to 
the common order; usual? common. 2. Of 
common rank; plain; commonplace. 

ORDINARY (ar'di-na-ri), n. [pi. OR'DINA- 
RIES.] 1. Something in ordinary or common 
use. 2. The generality. 3. Regular meal; 
table d'hote. 4. Ecclesiastical judge. 

ORDINATE (ar'di-nat), a. In order; regular. 
[See ORDAIN.] 

ORDINATION (ar-di-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
ordaining. 2. Established order. [See OR- 
DAIN.] 

ORDNANCE (ard'nans), n. Artillery. [From 
ORDINANCE.] 

ORDURE (ar'dur), n. Excrement. [Fr. — O. Fr. 
ord, foul — L. horridus.] 

ORE (or), n. 1. Mining. Metal in its un- 
reduced state; metai mixed with earthy and 
other substances. 2. Metalliferous mineral, 
or a mixture of such minerals, containing a 
metal in sufficient proportion to be profitably 
extracted. [A.S. ora — or, brass.] 

OREAD (6're-ad), n. [pi. OREADES (6're-a-dez).] 
Greek Myth. Sprite or nymph of the moun- 
tains. [Gr. oreias, (oreiad-) — oros, mountain.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



OREGON 



781 



ORLEANS 



OREGON (or'e-gon), n. One of the United 
States. Area 96,838 sq. m. Capital, Salem. 

ORESTES (6-res'tez), n. Greek Myth. Slayer 
of his mother, Clytemnestra. 

ORGAN (ar'gan), n. 1. Instrument or means 
by which anything is done. 2. That by which 
a natural function is carried on. 3. Musical 
instrument with pipes, bellows, and keys. 
4. Medium of communication. [Gr. organon, 
implement.] 

ORGANDY (ar'gan-di), n. Very thin muslin. 

ORGANIC (ar-gan'ik), ORGANICAL (ar-gan'- 
ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to an organ. 2. Con- 
sisting of, or containing, organs. 3. Produced 
by the organs. 4. Instrumental. 

ORGANICALLY (ar-gan'ik-al-i), adv. In an 
organic manner. 

ORGANISM (ar'gan-izm), n. 1. Organic struc- 
ture. 2. Living being. 

ORGANIST (ar'gan-ist), n. One who plays on 
the organ. 

ORGANIZATION (ar-gan-i-za'shun), n. 1. Act 
of organizing. 2. State of being organized. 
3. That which is organized; organism. 

ORGANIZE (ar'gan-iz), v. [pr.p. ORGANI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. ORGANIZED (ar'gan- 
izd).] I. vt. 1. Supply with organs. 2. Form as 
an organized body; arrange. II. vi. Become 
arranged or systematized. 

ORGANIZER (ar'gan-I-zer), n. One who or- 
ganizes. 

ORGAS31 (ar'gazm), n. Extreme excitement. 

ORGEAT (ar'zhat), n. Sirup of barley, sugar, 
and orange-flower water. [Fr. orgc, barley.] 

ORGIES (ar'jiz), n.pl. [sing. OR'GY.] 1. Cere- 
monies in the worship of Bacchus, distin- 
guished by furious revelry. 2. Revelry* [Gr. 
orgia, secret rites — ergon, work.] 

ORIEL (6'ri-el), n. Deep projecting window; 
bay window. [O. Fr. orioh] 

Orient (o'ri-ent), a. 1. of 

or belonging to the Orient; 
Oriental; eastern. 2. [o-] 
Pellucid; lustrous; as, orient 
pearls. [L. oriens, pr.p. of 
orior, rise.] 
I ORIENT (o'ri-ent), n. The 
countries of the East, col- 
lectively; opposed to OCCI- 
DENT. 
ORIENT (o'ri-ent), vt. [pr.p. 
O'RIENTING; p.t. and p.p. 
ORIENTED.] 1. Set so as 
to face the east. 2. Build, 
as a church, with its length 
from east to west. 

Oriental (o-ri-en'tai), i. 

a. Eastern; pertaining to, in, or from, Asia. 

II. n. Native of the East or Asia. 
ORIENTALISM (6-ri-en'tal-izm), n. Oriental 

doctrine, custom, expression, etc. 
ORIENTALIST (6-ri-en'tal-ist), n. 1. One versed 

in the eastern languages. 2. Oriental. 




Oriel Window. 



ORIENTATE (o'ri-en-iat), v. \pr.p. O'RIEN- 
TATING; p.t. and p.p. ORIENTATED.] I. 
vt. Cause to assume an eastern direction. 
II. vi. 1. Assume an eastern direction; turn 
towards the east. 2. Take one's bearings. 

ORIENTATION (6-ri-en-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of turning toward the east or state of being 
turned toward the east. 2. Act of finding 
one's bearings; homing instinct, as in pigeons. 

ORIFICE (or'i-fis), n. Mouth; opening. [L. os, 
mouth, and facio, make.] 

ORIFLAME (or'i-flam), n. Name given to the 
national standard of St. Denis of France. 

ORIGIN (or'i-jin), n. 1. First existence. 2. 
That from which anything first proceeds. [L. 
origo — orior, rise.] 

SYN. Birth; cause.; derivation; rise; be- 
ginning; source; spring; commencement. 
ANT. Termination; extinction. 

ORIGINAL (6-rij'i-nal), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
the origin; first in order or existence. 2. Not 
copied; not translated; genuine. 3. Having 
the power to originate, as thought. II. n. 1. 
Origin. 2. First form; precise language used 
by a writer; untranslated tongue. 3. Eccen- 
tric person. 

ORIGINALITY (6-rij-i-nal'i-ti), n. [pi. ORIGI- 
NALITIES.] 1. Quality or state of being 
original. 2. That which is original. 

ORIGINALLY (6-rij'i-nal-i), adv. 1. At the 
beginning or origin; at first. 2. In a new or 
original manner. 

ORIGINATE (6-rij'i-nat), v. [pr.p. ORIGINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ORIG'INATED.J I. vt. 
Give origin to; bring into existence. II. vi. 
Have origin; begin. [It. originare — L. origo.] 

ORIGINATION (6-rij-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
originating or of coming into existence. 2. 
Mode of production. 

ORIGINATOR (6-rij'i-na-tur), n. One who 
originates. 

ORINOCO (6-ri-no'ko), n. River, Venezuela, 
falls into the Atlantic. 

ORIOLE (o'ri-61), n. 1. Golden thrush of Eu- 
rope. 2. Amer- 
ican hang-nest 
bird. [O.Fr. ori- 
ol — L. aureolus, 
golden — aurum, 
gold.] 

Orion (o-ri'on), 

n. Astron. One 
of the constella- 
tions. 

Orion (o-ri'on), 

n. Greek Myth. 

A giant, suitor 

of Merope, whose father blinded him; was 

restored by gazing at the sun. 
ORISON (or'i-zun), n. Prayer. [O. 

oratio — oro, pray.] 
ORLEANS (ar'le-anz), n. City in France, 

the Loire. 




Baltimore Oriole (Icterus 
galbula). 



Fr.— L. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ORMOLtT 



782 



OSCILLATION 



ORMOLU (ar'mo-lo), n. Brass made to look 
like gold. [Fr., ground gold.] 

OrMUZD (ar'muzd), n. Pers. Myth. Ahura 
Mazda, or the Good Spirit, who will ultimately 
triumph over evil. 

ORNAMENT (ar'na-ment), n. Anything that 
adds grace or heauty. [Fr. ornement — L. 
omamentum — orno, adorn.] 

ORNAMENT (ar'na-ment), vt. [pr.p. ORNA- 
MENTING; p.t. and p.p. ORNAMENTED.] 
Adorn; embellish; decorate. 

ORNA3IENTAL (ar-na-men'tal), a. Serving to 
adorn or beautify. 

ORNAMENTALLY (ar-na-men'tal-i), adv. In 
an ornamental manner. 

ORNAMENTATION (ar-na-men-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Act or art of ornamenting. 2. That which 
ornaments. 

ORNATE (ar-naf), a. Ornamented; decorated. 
[L. ornatus, p.p. of omo.~\ 

ORNATELY (ar-nat'li), adv. In an ornate man- 
ner. 

ORNITHIC (ar-nith'ik), a. Pertaining to birds. 
[Gr. ornis, bird.] 

ORNITHOLITE (ar-nith'o-lit), n. Fossil re- 
mains of a bird. [Gr. ornis, bird, and lithos, 
stone.] 

ORNITHOLOGICAL (ar-ni-tho-loj'ik-al), a. 
Pertaining to ornithology. 

ORNITHOLOGIST (ar-ni-thol'o-jist), n. One 
versed in ornithology. 

ORNITHOLOGY (ar-ni-thol'o-ji), n. The me- 
thodical study, and consequent knowledge 
of birds, with all that relates to them. [Gr. 
ornis, bird, and logos, discourse.] 

ORNITHOPTER (ar-ni-thop'ter), n. Flying- 
machine in which flapping wing-flight is 
attempted. [Gr. ornis, ornith-, bird, and 
pteron, wing.] 

OROGRAPHY (or-og'ra-fi), n. Science of 
mountains; orology. [Gr. oros, mountain, and 
grapho, wxite.] 

OROLOGY (6-rol'o-ji), n. Descriptive study of 
mountains and mountainous regions. [Gr. 
oros, mountain, and -OLOGY.] 

OROTUND (6'ro-tund), a. Round, rich and 
musical, said of the voice. [L. os, oris, mouth, 
and rotundus, round.] 

ORPHAN (ar'fan), n. I. Child bereft of father or 
mother, or of both. II. a. Bereft of parents. 
[Gr. orphanos.] 

ORPHAN (ar'fan), vt. [pr.p. ORPHANING; 
p.t. and p.p. ORPHANED (ar'fand).] Bereave 
of parents. 

ORPHANAGE (ar'fan-aj), n. 1. State of an 
orphan. 2. House for orphans. 

ORPHANED (ar'fand), a. Bereft of parents. 

ORPHANHOOD (ar'fan-hod), n. State or con- 
dition of being an orphan. 

ORPHEUS (ar'fiis or ar'fe-us), n. Greek Myth. 
Son of Apollo and Calliope, who with his lyre 
charmed the mountains and streams. 

ORRERY (or'e-rl), n. [pi. ORRERIES.] Machine 




Orris Root. 



to illustrate the motions of the heavenly 

bod; es. [Earl of 

Orrery.] 

ORRIS (or'is), n. 
Species of iris, 
the dried root of 
which has a smell 
of violets, used in 
perfumery. [Prob. 
a corruption of 
IRIS.] 

ORTHODOX (ar'- 
tho-doks), a. 1. 
Sound in doctrine; 
believing the re- 
ceived or estab- 
lished opinions, 
especially in religion. 2. According to the 
received doctrine. [Gr. orthos, right, and doxa, 
opinion.] 

ORTHODOXY (ar'tho-doks-i), n. Quality or 
state of being orthodox. 

ORTHOEPIC (ar-tho-ep'ik), ORTHOEPICAL 
(ar-tho-ep'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to or- 
thoepy. 

ORTHOEPICALL Y (ar-tho-ep'ik-al-i), adv. With 
correct pronunciation. 

ORTHOEP1ST (ar'tho-ep-ist), n. One versed in 
orthoepy. 

ORTHOEPY (ar'tho-ep-i), n. Art of pronoun- 
cing words correctly; correct speech or pro- 
nunciation. [Gr. orthos, right, and epos, 
word.] 

ORTHOGAMY (ar-thog'a-mi), n . Bot. Direct 
or immediate fertilization. [Gr. orthos, right, 
and gamos, marriage. 3 

ORTHOGON (ar'tho-gon), n. Oeom. Rectangu- 
lar figure. [Gr. orthos, right, and gOnia, angle.] 

ORTHOGRAPHER (ar-thog'ra-fer), n. One 
versed in orthography; one who spells words 
correctly. 

ORTHOGRAPHIC (ar-tho-graf'ik), ORTHO- 
GRAPHICAL (ar-tho-graf'ik-al), a. Pertain- 
ing or according to orthography; spelled cor- 
rectly. 

ORTHO GRAPHICALLY (ar-tho-graf'ik-al-i), 
adv. According to the rules of correct spelling. 

ORTHOGRAPHY (ar-thog'ra-fl), n. The science 
of spelling; correct spelling; mode of spelling. 
[Gr. orthos, right, and graphd, write.] 

ORTHOPEDY (ar'tho-pe-di), n. Cure of bodily 
deformities. [Gr. orthos, right, and pais, child.] 

ORTOLAN (ar'to-lan), n. European singing 
bird considered a great delicacy. [It. ortolano; 
L. hortulanus.] 

OS (os), n. [pi. OSS A (os'a).] Bone. [Gr. osteon, 
bone.] 

OSCILLATE (os'i-lat), v. [pr.p. OS'CILLATING; 
p.t. and p.p. OS'CIXLATED.] I. vi. Move to 
and fro; fluctuate; vibrate. II. vt. Cause to 
move back and forth. [L. oscillo, swing.] 

OSCILLATION (os-i-la'shun), n. Act or state 
of oscillating. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, btirtt, 
u=u in "Scotch glide; oil, owl, Men, lzh=ch in Scotch loch. 



OSCILLAT1VE 



*83 



OTTAWA 



OSCILLATIVE (osi-la-tiv), a. Having a tend- 
ency to oscillate. ,j' 

OSCILLATOR (,os'i-la-tur), n. One who or that 
which oscillates. 

OSCILLATORY (os'i-la-to-ri), «. Oscillating; 
vibrating. 

OSCULATE (os'ku-lat), v. [pr.p. OSCULATING; 
p.t. and p.p. OSCULATED.] I. vt. 1. Kiss. 2. 
Math. Touch, as two curves that have a com- 
mon curvature atthe point of contact. II. vi. 1. 
Kiss one another. 2. Math. Touch mutually, 
as two curves. [L. osculum, kiss, dim. of os, 
mouth.] 

OSCULATION (os-ku-la'shun), n. Act of kiss- 
ing. 

OSCULATORY (os'ku-la-to-ri), a. 1. Of, or 
pertaining to, kissing. 2. Having the same 
curvature at point of contact. 

OSIER (6'zher), I. n. Willow, especially the 
water-willow. II. a. Made of willow twigs. 
[Fr.] 

USIRIS (6-si'ris), n. Egypt. Myth. The creator, 
in constant conflict with his brother or son, 
Set, god of evil; husband of Isis, and god of 
the dead, and of the Nile. 

OSMIUM (os'mi-um), n. Gray-colored metal 
found with platinum. It is the hardest metal 
and heaviest body known, and is used in 
electric incandescent lamps. [L. — Gr. osme, 
smell.] 

OSMOSE (os'mos),n. Diffusion of liquids through 
porous substances. [Gr. otheo, push or force 
through.] 

OSPREY, OSPRAY (os'pra), n. Fish-hawk. 

OSSA (os 'a), n. Greek Myth. A mountain in 
Thessaly piled upon Pelion by the giants in 
order to scale Olympus. 

OSSEOUS (os'e-us), a. Bony; resembling, or of,, 
bone. [L. osseus — os, ossis, bone.] 

OSSIFICATION (os-i-fl-ka'shun), n. 1. Change, 
or state of being changed, into a bony sub- 
stance. 2. Ossified mass. 

OSSIFY (os'i-fi), v. [pr.p. OS'SIFYING; p.t. and 
p.p. OSSIFIED (os'i-fid).] I. vt. Make into 
bone or into a bone-like substance. II. vi. 
Become bone. [L. ossifico — os, bone, and facio, 
make.] 

OSTENSIBILITY (os-ten-si-bili-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being ostensible. 

OSTENSIBLE (os-ten'si-bl), a. Professed; ap- 
parent; avowed; pretended; not real. [L. os- 
tendo, show.] 

OSTENSIBLY (os-ten'si-bli), adv. In an osten- 
sible manner; professedly. 

OSTENSIVE (os-ten'siv), a. Showing; exhib- 
iting. 

OSTENSIVELY (os-ten'siv-li), adv. In an os- 
tensive manner. 

OSTENSORIUM (os-ten-so'ri-um), n. Trans- 
parent receptacle, used in the Roman Catholic 
ritual, in which the consecrated host is 
presented for the congregation's adora- 
tion. 



Act of 



OSTENTATION (os-ten-ta'shun), n. 
making a display; ambitious display. 

SYN. Boasting; pomp; parade; flourish; 
show. ANT. Reserve; retirement; modesty; 
diffidence. 

OSTENTATIOUS (os-ten-ta'shus), a. 1. Given 
to show; fond of self-display; pretentious. SJ. 
Intended for display. 

OSTENTATIOUSLY (os-ten-ta'shus-li), adv. In 
an ostentatious manner. 

OSTENTATIOUSNESS (os-ten-ta'shus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being ostentatious. 

OSTEOBLAST (os'te-o-blast), n. Cell concerned 
in the formation of bone. [Gr. osteon, bone, 
and blastano, sprout.] 

OSTEOGENESIS (os-te-o-jen'e-sis), n. Forma- 
tion of bone. [Gr. osteon, bone, and GENESIS.] 

OSTEOLOGIST (os-te-ol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in osteology. 

OSTEOLOGY (os-te-ol'o-ji), n. That part of 
anatomy which treats of the bones. [Gr. 
osteon, bone, and logos, science.] 

OSTEOPATH (os'te-o-path), n. One who prac- 
tices osteopathy. 

OSTEOPATHY (os-te-op'a-thi), n. Treatment 
of disease by manipulation of bones, muscles, 
etc. [Gr. osteon, bone, and pathos, suffering.] 

OSTERA (os'te-ra), n. Teuton. Myth. Goddess 
of light and spring, called by the Anglo- 
Saxons Eastre. Her feasts were celebrated 
by the ancient Saxons early in the spring, for 
which the first missionaries substituted the 
Christian feast of Easter. 

OSTRACISM (os'tra-sizm), n. Banishment by 
ostracizing. 

OSTRACIZE (os'tra-siz), vt. [pr.p. OSTRACI- 
ZING; p.«. and p.p. OSTRACIZED (os'tra-sizd).] 
1. Banish, as in ancient Greece, by popular 
vote written on sherds. 2. Exclude from 
society; ignore; give the cold shoulder to. [Gr. 
ostraJcizo — ostrakon, shell.] 

OSTRICH (os'trich), n. Largest of birds, found 
in Africa, remarkable 
for its speed in run- 
ning, and prized for 
its plumes. [O. Fr. 
o st ruche — L. avis 
struthio — Gr. strouth 
os, bird.] 

OTALGIA (6-tal'ji-a), n 
Earache. [Gr.] 

OTHER (uth'er), a. and pron. 1. Different; not 
the same. 2. Additional. 3. Second of two. 
[A.S. other — Ger. ander.] 

OTHERWISE (uJft'er-wiz), adv. and conj. 1. 
In another manner. 2. By other causes. 3. 
In other respects. 4. Else. 

OTIOSE (6'shi-os), a. 1. Leisurely; of no pur- 
pose. 2. Inactive; unemployed. 

OTOCYON (6-tos'i-on), n. Small buff-eolored 
fox (Otocy on virgatus), found in South Africa. 

OTTAWA (ot'a-wa), n. Capital of Dominion of 
Canada, on Ottawa Rivei*. 




Ostrich. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX-u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch,. 



OTTER 



*84 



OUTHOUSE 




Otter. 

[Ar. Htr— 

Pertaining to the 




Ottoman. 



OTTER (ot'er), n. Large weasel-like animal 
living on fish. [A. 
S. otor, otcr.] 

OTTO (ot'd), OT- 
TAR (ot'ar), AT- 
TAR (afar), n. 
Fragrant oil ob- 
tained from cer- 
tain flowers, especially the rose, 
*atara, smell sweetly.] 

Ottoman (ot'o-man), i. a. 

Turkish Empire, founded 
by Othman (or Osman), in 
1299. II. n. 1. Turk. 2. 
[o-] Low, stuffed seat with- 
out back, flrst used in 
Turkey. [Fr.] 

OUBLIETTE (6-bii-et), n. 
Secret recess; concealed 
dungeon or cavern. [Fr. oub- 
lier — L. obliviscor, forget.] 

OUCH (owch), inter j. Sud- 
den exclamation or ex- 
pression indicating pain. 

OUGHT (at), n. Same as AUGHT. 

OUGHT (at), vi. (Used chiefly as an auxiliary.) 
1. Be under moral obligation. 2. Be proper 
or necessary. [From OWED, p.t. of OWE.] 

OUIJA-BOARD (we'ya~b6rd),.«. Board fitted 
with an alphabetical table, used in conjunc- 
tion with planchette to note mediumistic 
communications. [Fr. oui, yes, and Ger. ja, 
yes.] 

OUNCE (owns), n. 1. Sixteenth part of a pound 
avoirdupois = 437^ troy grains. 2. Twelfth 
part of a pound troy=480 grains. [L. uncia, 
twelfth part.] 

OUNCE (owns), n. Feline carnivorous animal 
of Asia, allied to the leopard. [Fr. once.] 

OUR (owr), pron. poss. Pertaining or belonging 
to us. [A.S. tire, genit. pi. of us.] 

OURS (owrz), pron. poss. Belonging to us. 

OURSELF (owr-self), pron. Myself (in the 
regal style). 

OURSELVES (owr-selvz'), pron. pi. We or us; 
not others; as, we blame ourselves. 

OUSEL, OUZEL (o'zl), n. European thrush. 
[A.S. 6sle; Ger. amsel.] 

OUST (owst), vt. [pr.p. OUST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
OUST'ED.] Eject; expel. [O. Fr. oster (Fr. 
oter), remove.] 

OUSTER (ows'ter), n. Ejection; dispossession. 

OUT (owt), I. adv. 1. Without; not in. 2. To 
or beyond the limit in any sense, as of con- 
cealment, time, existence, supply, control, 
possession, truth, accord, a game, strength, 
etc. 3. Forth; in extension. — Out and away, by 
far. — Out and out, completely; unqualified. — 
Out of, out from; prompted by; from among; 
without; far from. II. n. I. Person not in 
office, generally in plural. 2. Print. Matter 
omitted in setting up copy. III. inter j. Away! 
begone! {A.S. tile, tit; Ger. atis.] 



OUTAGE (owt'aj), n. Difference between the 
cubic extent of a measure of capacity and 
actual amount placed in it. 

OUTBID (owt-bid), vt. [pr.p. OUTBIDDING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTBID'.] Surpass by offering 
a higher price. 

OUTBOUND (owt'bownd), a. Bound away or 
out; outward bound. 

OUTBREAK (owt'brak), n. Breaking out; 
eruption. 

OUT-BUILDING (owt'bild-ing), n. Building 
attached to or belonging to a main building. 

OUTBURST (owt'burst), n. Bursting out? ex- 
plosion. 

OUTCAST (owt'kast), I. a. Exiled; rejected. 
II. n. Person banished; exile. 

OUTCOME (owt'kum), n. Issue; consequence. 

OUTCROP (owt'krop), n. Exposure of a stratum 
at the earth's surface. 

OUTCRY (owt'kri), n. [pi. OUTCRIES.] Loud 
cry of distress. 

OUTDISTANCE (owt-dis'tans), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
DISTANCING; p.t. and p.p. OUTDISTANCED 
(owt-dis'tanst).] Outrun; surpass greatly. 

OUTDO (owt-d60, vt. [pr.p. OUTDO'ING; p.t. 
OUTDID'; p.p. OUTDONE (owt-dun').] Sur- 
pass; excel. 

OUTDOOR (owt-dor' or owt'dor), a. Outside 
the house; in the open air. 

OUTDOORS (owt-dorz), adv. Out of the house ; 
abroad. 

OUTER (owt'er), a. External; opposed to 
INNER. 

OUTERMOST (owt'er-most), a. Farthest out; 
most distant. 

OUTFACE (owt-fasO, vt. [pr.p. OUTFA'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTFACED (owt-fast').] Stare 
out of countenance; defeat by assurance. 

OUT -FIELD (owt'feld), n. 1. Unfenced or un- 
inclosed field adjoining a regular farm or 
homestead. 2. Baseball. Part of the field out- 
side the lines of the diamond, or the players 
stationed there. 

OUT-FIELDER (owt'feld-er), w. Baseball. Player 
who is stationed in the outfield. 

OUTFIT (owt'fit), n. Complete equipment. 

OUTFLANK (owt-flangk), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
FLANKING; p.t. and p.p. OUTFLANKED 
(owt-flangkt').] Extend the flank of (onearmy) 
beyond that of another; turn the flank of. 

OUTGENERAL (owt-jen'er-al), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
GENERALING; p.t. and p.p. OUTGENER- 
ALED (owt-jen'er-ald).] Outdo in generalship. 

OUTGO (owt'go), n. Expenditure; outlay. 

OUTGOING (owt'go-ing), I. n. 1. Act or state 
of going out. 2. Expenditure. II. a. De- 
parting. 

OUTGROW (owt-gro), vt. [pr.p. OUTGROW- 
ING; p.t. OUTGREW (owt-grd); p.p. OUT- 
GROWN (owt-gron').] 1. Grow beyond or 
surpass in growth. 2. Grow out of. 

OUTHOUSE (owt'hows), «. Small building out- 
side but belonging to a dwelling house. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



OUTING 



785 



OUTVOTE 



OUTING (owt'ing). n. Act of going out; pleasure 

excursion. 
OUTLANDISH (owt-land'ish), a. 1. Foreign; 

strange. 2. Rude; vulgar. [A.S. utlendisc] 
OUTLAST (owt-last), vt. [pr.p. OUTLASTING; 

p.t. and p.p. OUTLASTED.] Last longer than. 
OUTLAW (owt'la), n. 1. One deprived of the 

protection of the law. 2. Robber or bandit. 
OUTLAW (owtla), vt. [pr.p. OUTLAWING; 

p.t. and p.p. OUTLAWED (owt'lad).] Deprive 

of the benefit of the law; deprive of legal force. 
OUTLAWRY (owt'la-ri), n. Putting of a person, 

or being put out, of the protection of the law. 
OUTLAY (owtla), n. Expenditure. 
OUTLET (owt'let), n. Passage out. 
OUTLINE (owt'lin), n. 1. Outer or exterior line. 

2. Sketch without shading; rough draft 3. 
General sketch or abstract specifications. 

OUTLINE (owt'lin), vt. [pr.p. OUT'LINING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTLINED (owt'lind).] 1. Draw 
the exterior line of. 2. Delineate; sketch. 

3. Summarize in brief general terms. 
OUTLIVE (owt-liv), vt. [pr.p. OUTLIVING; 

p.t. and p.p. OUTLIVED (owt-livd').] Live 
beyond; survive. 

OUTLOOK (owt'lok), n. 1. Watch. 2. Pros- 
pect. 3. Place from which one looks out. 

OUTLYING (owt'li-ing), a. Lying out or be- 
yond; on the exterior or frontier. 

OUTMANEUVER (owt-ma-no'ver), vt. [pr.p. 
OUTMANEU'VERING; p.t. and p.p. OUT- 
MANEUVERED (owt-ma-no'verd).] Surpass 
in maneuvering. 

OUTMARCH (owt-march'), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
MARCHING; p.t. and p.p. OUTMARCHED 
(owt-marcht').] Surpass in marching. 

OUTMOST (owt'most), a. Outermost. 

OUTNUMBER (owt-num'ber), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
NUMBERING; p.t. and p.p. OUTNUM- 
BERED (owt-num'berd).] Exceed in number. 

OUTPOST (owt'post), n. 1. Post or station be- 
yond the main body of an army. 2. Troops 
placed there. 

OUTPOUR (owt-por'), vt. [pr.p. OUTPOURING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTPOURED (owt-pord').] Pour 
out. 

OUTPOUR (owt'pdr), n. Violent outflow. 

OUTPOURING (owt'por-ing), n. Pouring out; 
abundant supply. 

OUTPUT (owt'pot), n. Quantity produced within 
a certain time. 

OUTRAGE (owt'raj), n. Violence; excessive 
abuse; wanton mischief. [Fr. — O. Fr. outrage 
— L.L. ultragium — L. ultra, beyond.] 

OUTRAGE (owt'raj), vt. [pr.p. OUT 'RAGING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTRAGED (owt'rajd).] 1. 
Treat with excessive abuse. 2. Injure by 
violence; ravish. 

OUTRAGEOUS (owt-ra'jus), a. Violent; fu- 
rious; atrocious. 

SYN. Excessive; unwarrantable; un- 
justifiable; nefarious. ANT. Moderate; jus- 
tifiable; reasonable. 



OUTRAGEOUSLY (owt-ra'jus-li), adv. In an 
outrageous manner. 

OUTRANK (owt-rangk'), vt. [pr.p. OUTRANK'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OUTRANKED (owt- 
rangkt').] Exceed in rank. 

OUTRE (o-tra'), a. Extravagant; overstrained. 
[Fr. outrer — outre — L. ultra, beyond.] 

OUTREACH (owt-rech'), vt. [pr.p. OUTREACH'- 
ING; p.f.andp.p.OUTREACHED (owt-recht').] 
Reach or extend beyond. 

OUTRIDE (owt-rid'), vt. [pr.p. OUTRIDING; 
p.t. OUTRODE (owt-rod'); p.p. OUTRIDDEN 
(owt-rid 'n).] Ride faster than. 

OUTRIDER (owt'ri-der), w. Servant on horse- 
back who attends a carriage. 

OUTRIGGER (owt'rig-er), n. 1. Protecting spar 
for extending sails or any part of the rigging. 
2. Apparatus fixed to a boat to increase the 
leverage of the oar. 3. Boat with this ap- 
paratus. 4. Device fixed to side of a boat to 
prevent upsetting. 

OUTRIGHT (owt'rit), adv. 1. Immediately. 2. 
Completely. 

OUTRIVAL (owt-ri'val), vt. [pr.p. OUTRIVAL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OUTRIVALED (owt-ri'- 
vald).] To surpass. 

OUTRUN (owt-run), vt. [pr.p. OUTRUN'NING; 
p.t. OUTRAN (owt-ran') ; p.p. OUTRUN'.] Go 
beyond in running; exceed. 

OUTSAIL (owt-sal'), vt. [pr.p. OUTSAIL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTSAILED (owt-sald').] Sail 
faster than. 

OUTSET (owt'set), n. Beginning. 

OUTSHINE (owt-shin'), vt. [pr.p. OUTSHI'- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. OUTSHONE (owt-shon').] 
Excel in shining. 

OUTSIDE (owt'sid), I. n. Surface; exterior; 
limit. II. a. and adv. 1. On the outside. 2. 
Superficial. 

OUTSIDER (owt-si'der), n. One not a member 
or party. 

OUTSKIRT (owt'skert), n. Border; outer edge; 
generally in the plural. 

OUTSPOKEN (owt'spd-kn), a. Frank or bold of 
speech. 

OUTSPREAD (owt-spred'), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
SPREADING; p.t. and p.p. OUTSPREAD'.] 
Spread out or over. 

OUTSTANDING (owt-stand'ing), a. Standing 
out; uncollected; remaining unpaid. 

OUTSTRETCH (owt-strech'), vt. [pr.p. OUT- 
STRETCHING; p.t. and p.p. OUTSTRETCHED 
(owt-strecht').] Stretch or spread out; ex- 
tend. 

OUTSTRIP (owt-strip'), vt. [pr.p. OUTSTRIP'- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. OUTSTRIPPED (owt- 
stript').] Outrun; leave behind. 

OUTVIE (owt-vi), vt. [pr.p. OUTVY'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. OUTVIED (owt-vid').] Go beyond in 
vying with; exceed; surpass. 

OUTVOTE (owt-vof), vt. [pr.p. OUTVO'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTVOTED.] Defeat by a greater 
number of votes. 



fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



I 



OUTWARD 



?86 



OVERESTIMATE 



OUTWARD (owt'ward), a. Towards the out- 
side; external; exterior. 

OUTWARD (owt'ward), OUTWARDS (owt- 
wardz), adv. 1. Toward the exterior. 2. To 
a foreign port. 

OUTWARDLY (owt'ward-li), adv. In an out- 
ward manner; externally. 

OUTWEAR (owt-war'), vt. [pr.p. OUTWEAR- 
ING; p.t. OUTWORE (owt-wor'); p.p. OUT- 
WORN (owt-worn').] 1. Wear out; waste; 
completely exhaust. 2. Consume; tire out; 
3. Outlast. 

OUTWEIGH (owt-wa'), vt. [pr.p. OUTWEIGH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OUTWEIGHED (owt-wad').] 
Exceed in weight or importance. 

OUTWIT (owt-wif), vt. [pr.p. OUTWITTING; 
p.t. and p.p. OUTWIT'TED.] Surpass in wit 
or ingenuity; defeat hy superior cunning. 

OUTWORK (owt'wurk), n. Minor fortification 
outside the principal wall. 

OUZEL, n. Same as OUSEL. 

OVAL (o'val), I. a. Having the shape of an egg. 
II. n. Anything oval; ellipse. [Fr. ovale; L. 
ovum, egg.] 

OVALLY (o'val-i), adv. In an oval manner or 
form; so as to be oval. 

OVARIAN (6-va'ri-an), a. Of or pertaining to 
the ovary. 

OVARY (6'va-ri), n. [pi. OVARIES (o'va-riz).] 
Organ or part in which an egg or seed is 
formed. [L.L. ovaria; L. ovum, egg.] 

OVATE (o'vat), OVATED (6'va-ted), a. Egg- 
shaped. 

OVATION (6-va'shun), n. 1. In ancient Rome, 
a lesser triumph. 2. Outburst of popular 
applause. [L. ovatio — ovo, shout.] 

OVEN (uv'n), n. Arched cavity over a fire for 
baking, heating, or drying ; any apparatus used 
for the same purpose. [A. S. ofen.] 

OVER (6'ver), I. prep. 1. Above. 2. Across. 
3. About. 4. Through. II. adv. 1. Above 
2. Across. 3. From one to another. 4. Above 
in measure; too much; to excess. 5. Com- 
pletely. 6. Again. 7. Ended. III. a. 1. 
Upper or outer. 2. Beyond. 3. Past. [A.S. 
ofer.] 

OVERACT (6-ver-akt), v. [pr.p. OVERACTING; 
p.t. and p.p. OVERACT'ED.] I. vt. Act or 
perform to excess. II. vi. Act more than is 
necessary. 

OVERALLS (o'ver-alz), n. Loose trousers worn 
over others to protect them. 

OVERARCH (6-ver-arch'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
ARCH'ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERARCHED 
(6-ver-archt/).] Arch over. 

OVERAWE (6-ver-a'), vt. [pr.p. OVERAWING; 
p.t. and p.p. OVERAWED (6-ver-ad').] Re- 
strain by fear or superior influence. 

OVERBALANCE (6-ver-bal'ans), vt. [pr.p. 

aERBAL'ANCING; p.i. and p.p. OVER- 
LANCED (6-ver-bal'anst).] Exceed in 
weight, value, or importance. 
OVERBALANCE (o'ver-bal-ans), n. That which 



overbalances; something moi*e than an 
equivalent. 

OVERBEAR (6-ver-bar), vt. [pr.p. OVERBEAR- 
ING; p.t. OVERBORE (6-ver-bor') ; p.p. OVER- 
BORNE (o-ver-born').] Bear down or over- 
power; overwhelm. 

OVERBEARING (6-ver-bar'ing), a. Haughty 
and dogmatical; imperious. 

OVERBOARD (6'ver-bord), adv. Over the 
deck or side of a ship; out of a ship. 

OVERBURDEN (6-ver-bur'dn), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
BURDENING; p.t. and p.p. OVERBUR- 
DENED (6-ver-bur'dnd).] Burden overmuch. 

OVERCAST (6-ver-kasf), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
CASTING; p.t. and p.p. OVERCAST'.] 1. 
Cloud; cover with gloom. 2. Sew over slightly 
to prevent raveling. 

OVERCHARGE (6-ver-charj), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
CHARGING; p.t. and p.p. OVERCHARGED 
(6-ver-charjd').] 1. Load with too great a 
charge. 2. Charge too much. 

OVERCHARGE (6'ver-charj), n. 1. Excessive 
load. 2. Excessive charge. 

OVERCLOUD (6-ver-klowd), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
CLOUDING; p.t. and p.p. OVERCLOUDED.] 
Cover over with clouds. 

OVERCOAT (o'ver-kot), n. Coat worn over 
all the other dress; great coat; topcoat. 

OVERCOME (6-ver-kum'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
COMING; p.t. OVERCAME (6-ver-kam') ; 
p.p. OVERCOME'.] Get the better of; con- 
quer. 

OVERCONFIDENT (6-ver-kon'fi-dent), a. Ex- 
cessively confident. 

OVERDEVELOPMENT (6-ver-de-vel'up-ment), 
n. Photog. Too rapid or strong development 
of negatives. 

OVERDO (6-ver-do'), v. [pr.p. OVERDO'ING; 
p.t. OVERDID (6-ver-did'); p.p. OVERDONE 
(6-ver-dun').] I. vt. 1. Do overmuch. 2. 
Fatigue. 3. Exaggerate. II. vi. Exert one's 
self excessively. 

OVERDONE (6-ver-dun'), a. 1. Overacted. 
2. Fatigued. 3. Cooked too much. 

OVERDOSE (o'ver-dos), n. Too large a dose. 

OVERDOSE (6-ver-dos'), vt. [pr.p. OVERDO'- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. OVERDOSED (6-ver- 
dost').] Dose overmuch. 

OVERDRAW (6-ver-dra'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
DRAWING; p.t. OVERDREW (6-ver-dro') ; 
p.p. OVERDRAWN (6-ver-dran').] 1. Draw 
overmuch. 2. Draw beyond one's credit. 3. 
Exaggerate. 

OVERDUE (6-ver-du'), a. 1. Beyond the time 
at which a thing is due, or to be paid. 2. Be- 
hind the time assigned. 

OVEREAT (6-ver-ef), vi. [pr.p. OVEREAT 'ING; 
p.t. OVERATE (o-ver-af); p.p. OVEREATEN 
(6-ver-e'tn).] Eat to excess or more than one 
requires. 

OVERESTIMATE (6-ver-es'ti-mat), vt. [pr.p. 
OVERESTIMATING; p.t. and p.p. OVER- 
ESTIMATED.] Estimate too highly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



OVERESTIMATE 



787 



OVERRIDE 



OVERESTIMATE (6-ver-es'ti-mat), n. An ex- 
cessive estimate or valuation. 

OVERFLOW (o-ver-flo'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
FLOWING; p.t. and p.p. OVERFLOWED 
(6-ver-flod').] I. vt. Flow over; flood; over- 
whelm; cover, as with numbers. II. vi. Run 
over; abound. 

OVERFLOW (6'ver-flo), n. 1. Flowing over. 
2. Indignation. 3. Superabundance. 

OVERFLOWING (6-ver-flo'ing), I. a. Flowing 
over; abundant. II. n. Abundance; copious- 
ness. 

OVERGROW (6-ver-gro'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
GROWING; p.t. OVERGREW (6-ver-grSO; p.p. 
OVERGROWN (6-ver-gron').] I. vt. Grow be- 
yond; rise above; cover with growth. II. vi. 
Grow beyond the proper size. 

OVERHAND (o'ver-hand), I. a. 1. Over and 
over. 2. Baseball. With the hand above the 
shoulder, as in throwing the ball. II. n. 
Upper hand ; mastery. 

OVERHANG (o-ver-hang'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
HANGING; p.t. and p.p. OVERHUNG (6-ver- 
hung').] I. vt. Hang; project, or impend over. 
II. vi. Hang or project over something. 

OVERHAUL *(6-ver-hal'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
HAULING; p.t. and p.p. OVERHAULED 
(6-ver-hald').] 1. Haul or draw over; turn 
over for examination. 2. Overtake in a chase. 

OVERHAUL (o'ver-hal), n. Hauling over; ex- 
amination; repair. 

OVERHEAD (6-ver-hed'), a. and adv. Over the 
head; aloft; in the zenith. 

OVERHEAR (6-ver-her'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
HEARING; p.t. and p.p. OVERHEARD (6-ver- 
herd').] Hear (what was not intended to be 
heard); hear by accident. 

OVERHEAT (6'ver-het), n. Prostration from 
excessive heat; sunstroke. 

OVERISSUE (6'ver-ish-u), n. Excessive issue. 

OVERISSUE (6-ver-ish'u), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
ISSUING; p.t. and p.p. OVERISSUED (6-ver- 
ish'ud).] Issue in excess. 

OVERJOY (6-ver-joi), vt. [pr.p. OVERJOYING; 
p.t. and p.p. OVERJOYED (6-ver-joid').] Fill 
with great joy; transport with delight or 
gladness, 

OVERJOY (6'ver-joi), n. Joy to excess; trans- 
port. 

OVERLAND (6'ver-land), a. Entirely or prin- 
cipally by land. 

OVERLAP (6-ver-lap'), vt. [pr.p. OVERLAP- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. OVERLAPPED (6-ver- 
lapt').] Lap over. 

OVERLAY (6-ver-la ), vt. [pr.p. OVERLAY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERLAID (6-ver-lad).] 
1. Spread over. 2. Cover completely. 

OVERLEAP (6-ver-lep'), vt. [pr.p. OVERLEAP- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERLEAPED (6-ver- 
lept').] Leap over; ignore. 

OVERLIE (6-ver-H'), vt. [pr.p. OVERLYING; 
p.t. OVERLAY (6-ver-la'); p.p. OVERLAIN 
(6-ver-Ian').] Lie above or upon. 



OVERLOAD (o'ver-lod), n. Load that is too 
burdensome to carry safely; an excessive 
load. 

OVERLOAD (6-ver-lod'), vt. [pr.p. OVERLOAD'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERLOADED or OVER- 
LADEN (6-ver-la'den).] Cause to bear an ex- 
cessive load or burden; overburden. 

OVERLOOK (6-ver-lok'), vt. [pr.p. OVERLOOK- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERLOOKED (6-ver- 
lokt').] 1. Look over; be higher than. 2. 
Inspect. 3. Neglect by carelessness or inad- 
vertence. 4. Pass by indulgently; pardon. 5. 
Slight. 

SYN. Disregard; condone. ANT. Scru- 
tinize; mark. 

OVERMASTER (6-ver-mas'ter),«?f. [pr.p. OVER- 
MASTERING; p.t. and p.p. OVERMAS- 
TERED (6-ver-mas'terd)]. Conquer; over- 
power. 

OVERMATCH (6-ver-mach'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
MATCHING; p.t. and p.p. OVERMATCHED 
(6-ver-macht').] Be more than a match for; 
defeat. 

OVERMUCH (o-ver-much'), a. and adv. Too 
much. 

OVERNICE (6-ver-nis'), a. Fastidious. 

OVERNIGHT (6-ver-nif), adv. During the nigh*. 

OVERPASS (o-ver-pas'), vt. [pr.p. OVERPASS'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERPASSED (6-ver- 
past').] Pass over. 

OVERPAY (6-ver-pa'), vt. [pr.p. OVERPAY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERPAID (o-ver-pad').l 
Pay too much, 

OVERPAYMENT (6'ver-pa-ment), n. Act of 
overpaying or amount overpaid. 

OVERPLUS (over-plus), n. Surplus. 

OVERPOWER (6-ver-pow'er), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
POWERING; p.t. and p.p. OVERPOWERED 
(6-ver-pow'erd).] Have or gain power over; 
subdue. 

SYN. Overcome; master; conquer. ANT. 
Surrender; yield; fail. 

OVERPRODUCE (6-ver-pro-dus'), vt. [pr.p. 
OVERPRODUCING; p.t. and p.p. OVERPRO- 
DUCED (6-ver-pro-dust').] Produce in excess 
of requirements or demand. 

OVERPRODUCTION (6-ver-pro-duk'shun), n. 
Surplus production in excess of demand or 
requirements. 

OVERRATE (6-ver-rat'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
RATING; p.t. and p.p. OVERRA'TED.] Rats 
too high. 

OVERREACH (6-ver-rech'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
REACHING; p.t. and p.p. OVERREACHED 
(6-ver-recht').] I. vt. 1. Reach or extend 
beyond. 2. Cheat. II. vi. Strike tha hind 
foot against the fore foot, as a horse. 

OVERREACH (o-ver-rech'), OVERREACHING 
(6-ver-rech'ing), n. 1. Excessive or strained 
reach. 2. Unfair advantage; cheating. 3. 
Interference between the hind and fore feet 
of horses while walking or running. 

OVERRIDE (6-ver-rid'), it. [pr.p. OVERRI'- 



fate t fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



OVERRULE 



788 



OVERWHEL31 



DING; p.t. OVERRODE (6-ver-rod') ; p.p. 
OVERRIDDEN (6-ver-rid'n).] 1. Ride over; 
trample down. 2. Annul; destroy. 3. Ride 
too much. 

OVERRULE (6-ver-rolO, vt. [pr.p. OVERRU- 
LING; p.t. and p,p. OVERRULED (o-ver- 
rold').] 1. Influence by greater power. 2. 
Laic. Supersede; reject. 

OVERRUN (6-ver-run'), v. [pr.p. OVERRUN- 
NING; p.t. OVERRAN (6-ver-ran') ; p.p. 
OVERRUN (6-ver-run').] I. vt. 1. Run or 
spread over; grow over. 2. Spread over and 
take possession of. 3. Print. Carry over, as 
parts of lines, columns, etc., in corrections. 
II. vi. 1. Run over. 2. Print. Extend beyond 
the proper or desired length. 

OVERSEA (6-ver-se'), adv. Abroad. 

OVERSEE (o-ver-se'), vt. [pr.p. OVERSEE'ING; 

p.t. OVERSAW (6-ver-sa') ; p.p. OVERSEEN 

o-ver-sen').] See or look over; superintend. 

OVERSEER (o-ver-se'er), n. One who oversees; 
superintendent. 

OVERSET (6-ver-sct'),«rt. [pr.p. OVERSET'TING ; 
p.t. and p.p. OVERSET'.] Turn over; upset; 
overthrow. 

OVERSHADOW (6'ver-shad'o), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
SHAD'OWTNG; p.t. and p.p. OVERSHAD- 
OWED (6-ver-shad'6d).] 1. Throw a shadow 
over. 2. Shelter or protect. 

OVERSHOOT (6-ver-shof), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
SHOOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSHOT'.] I. 
vt. 1. Shoot over or beyond, as a mark. 2. 
Pass swiftly over. II. vi. Shoot or fly beyond 
the mark. 

OVERSHOT (o'ver-shot), a. 
Having the water falling 
from above, as a wheel. 

OVERSIGHT (6'ver-sit), n. 1. 
Superintendence. 2. Fail- 
ing to notice; mistake; 
omission. 

OVERSKIRT (o'ver-skert), n. 
Outer skirt. 

OVERSLEEP (6-ver-slep'), vi. [pr.p. OVER- 
SLEEPING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSLEPT (6-ver- 
slept').] Sleep too long. 

OVERSOUL (d'ver-sol), n. Unity of all things 
spiritual in a divine way. 

OVERSPREAD (6-ver-spred'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
SPREADING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSPREAD'.] 
I. vt. Spread over; scatter over. II. vi. Be 
spread over. 

OVERSTATE (6-ver-staf), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
STATING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSTA'TED.] 
State over or above; exaggerate. 

OVERSTATEMENT (6-ver-stat'ment), «. Ex- 
aggerated statement. 

OVERSTAY (6-ver-sta'), vt. [pr.p. OVERSTAY'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSTAYED (6-ver- 
stad').] Remain beyond the limits of. 

OVERSTEP (6-ver-step'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
STEPPING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSTEPPED 
(6-ver-stept').] Step beyond; exceed. 




Overshot Wheel. 



OVERSTOCK (6-ver-stok'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
STOCKING; p.t. and p.p. OVERSTOCKED 
(6-ver-stokt').] Stock overmuch; All too rull. 

OVERSTRAIN (6-ver-stran'), vt. and vi. [pr.p. 
OVERSTRAIN'ING; p.U and p.p. OVER- 
STRAINED (6-ver-strand').] Strain or stretch 
too much. 

OVERT (6'vert), a. Open to view; public; ap- 
parent. [Fr. ouvert.] 

OVERTAKE (6-ver-tak'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
TAKING; p.t. OVERTOOK (6-ver-tok') ; p.p. 
OVERTAKEN (6-ver-ta'kn).] Come up with; 
catch; come upon. 

OVERTASK (6-ver-task'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
TASKTNG; p.t. and p.p. OVERTASKED 
(6-ver-taskt').] Task overmuch; impose too 
heavy a task on. 

OVERTAX (6-ver-taks'), vt. [pr.p. OVERTAX- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERTAXED (6-ver- 
takst').] Tax overmuch. 

OVERTHROW (6'ver-thro'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
THROWING; p.t. OVERTHREW (6-ver-thro) ; 
p.p. OVERTHROWN (6-ver-thron').] Throw 
down; upset; demolish. 

OVERTHROW (6-ver-thro), n. Act of over- 
throwing or state of being overthrown; ruin; 
defeat. 

OVERTIME (o'ver-tim), n. Time beyond regular 
hours; extra time. 

OVERTONE (6'ver-=t6n), n. Harmonic, so called 
because heard above its fundamental tone. 

OVERTOP (6-ver-topO, vt. [pr.p. OVERTOP- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. OVERTOPPED (6-ver- 
topfc').] Rise over the top of; surpass; obscure. 

OVERTRADE (6-ver-trad'), vi. [pr.p. OVER- 
TRADING; p.t. and p.p. OVERTRA'DED.] 
Trade overmuch, beyond capital or demand. 

OVERTURE (o'ver-tur), n. 1. Proposal. 2. 
Music. Piece introductory to an opera or 
ballet. [Fr. ouverture.] 

OVERTURN (6-ver-turn'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
TURNING; p.t. and p.p. OVERTURNED 
(6-ver-turnd').] Throw down; subvert; ruin. 

OVERTURN (6'ver-turn), n. State of being over- 
turned. 

OVERVALUE (6-ver-val'u), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
VALUING; p.t. and p.p. OVERVALUED 
(6-ver-val'ud).] Value overmuch. 

OVERWEENING (6-ver-wen'ing), a. Thinking 
too highly of one's self; conceited; vain. 

OVERWE1GH (6-ver-wa), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
WEIGH'ING; p.t. and p.p. OVERWEIGHED 
(6-ver-wad').] Outweigh. 

OVERWEIGHT (o'ver-wat), n. Weight beyond 
what is required or is just. 

OVERWHELM (6-ver-hwelm'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
WHELMING; p.t. and p.p. OVERWHELMED 
(6-ver-hwelmd').] Overspread and crush by 
something heavy or strong; immerse and 
bear down; overcome. [See WHELM.] 

SYN. Quell; extinguish; inundate; bury; 
submerge ; swamp ; whelm. ANT. Raise ; up- 
hold; rescue; maintain; extricate; recover. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tfien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' . 



OVERWHELMING 



789 



OXYGENOUS 



OVERWHELMING (6-ver-hwelm'ing), I. a. 
Overpowering; crushing; irresistible. II. n. 
Catastrophe; overturning. 

OVERWHELMINGLY (6-ver-hwelm'ing-li), 

adv. In an overwhelming manner or degree. 

OVERWIND (6-ver-wind'), vt. [pr.p. OVER- 
WINDING; p.t. and p.p. OVERWOUND (6- 
ver-wownd').] 1. Wind too tightly, as a 
watch, or any spring. 2. Elec. To wind (a 
magnet) so as to obtain magnetic saturation 
with less than normal current. 

OVERWINTER (6-ver-win'ter), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
WIN 'TERING; p.t. and p.p. OVERWINTERED 
(6-ver-win'terd).] I. vt. To keep (something) 
from dying or spoiling through a winter. II. 
vi. To endure through or pass a winter. 

OVER WISE (6-ver-wiz'), a. Wise overmuch; 
affectedly wise. 

OVERWORK (6-ver-wurk'), v. [pr.p. OVER- 
WORKING; p.t. and p.p. OVERWORKED 
(6-ver-wurkt').] I. vt. Work overmuch or 
beyond the strength; tire. II. vi. Work be- 
yond one's strength. 

OVERWORK (6'ver-wurk), n. Excess of work; 
excessive labor. 

OVERWROUGHT (6-ver-raf), a. Overworked; 
excited or worked on to excess. 

OVIFORM (6'vi-farm), a. Having the form of 
an egg. [L. ovum, egg, and forma, form.] 

OVIPAROUS (6-vip'a-rus), a. Bringing forth 
eggs. [L. ovum, egg, and pario, bring forth.] 

OVIPOSITOR (6-vi-poz'i-tur), n. Organ of in- 
sects, etc., with which they deposit their eggs. 
[L. ovum, egg, and positor, builder.] 

OVOID(6'void),a. Oval or egg-shaped. \Li.ovum, 
egg, and Gr. eidos, form.] 

OVULE (d'vul), n. Bot. Seed of a plant in its 
rudimentary state. [Dim. of L. ovum, egg.] 

OVUM(6'vum),n. [pi. OVA.] 1. Egg. 2. Germ 
formed within the ovary. [L.] 

OWE (6), v. [pr.p. OWING; p.t. and p.p. 
OWED (6d).] I. vt. 1. Be indebted in; be 
bound or obliged to pay. 2. Be obliged for; 
have to thank for. II. vi. 1. Be in debt. 2. 
Be owing or due. [A. S. dgan, have.] 

OWL (owl), n. Nocturnal carnivorous bird, 
noted for its large eyes 
and hooting cry. [A.S. 
ule.] 

OWLET (owl'et), n. Small 
or young owl. [Dim. of 
OWL.] 

OWLISH (owl'ish), a. 
Like an owl. 

OWN (on), vt. [pr.p. m 

OWNING; p.t. and p.p. 1 

OWNED (ond).] Grant; 

acknowledge. [A.S. m«- „ , _ ,7, . 

Barred Owl (Strix nebit- 




losa). 



nan; Ger. gonnen, to 
grant.] 

OWN (on), vt. [pr.p. OWN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
OWNED (ond).] Possess; have a rightful title 
to. [A.S. dgnian — dgen, one's own.] 




Ox-botfly and larva (Hy- 
poderma lineata Villers). 



OWN (on), a. Belonging to one's self; peculiar. 
OWNER (on'er), n. One who owns or possesses. 
OWNERSHIP (on'er-ship), n. 1. State of being 
an owner. 2. Right of possession; pro- 
prietorship. 
OX (oks), n. [pi. OXEN (oks'n).] 1. Ruminant 

quadruped of the bovine family. 2. Altered 

male of the common domestic cow used as a 
draft-animal. [A. S. oxa, pi. oxan.] 
OXACID (oks-as'id), n. Acid containing oxygen, 

as sulphuric acid. [OX(YGEN) and ACID.] 
OXALIC (oks-al'ik), a. Pertaining to or obtained 

from sorrel. — Oxalic acid, very poisonous 

acid, used for bleaching straw, in dyeing, etc. 
OXALIS (oks'a-lis), n. Wood-sorrel. [Gr. oxys, 

acid.] 
OX-BOTFLY (oks-bot'fll), n. Entom. Insect 

pest that infests cat- 
tle by depositing its 

eggs and breeding 

its larvae in the heels 

of the cattle, which, 

in their attempt to 

lick them off, be- 
come infested with 

the pests that work 

their way to the sur- 
face of the skin, 

breeding sores and disease. 
OXEYE (oks'i), n. Bot. Plant or its flower with 

a disk suggestive of the appearance of an 

ox's eye. [OX and EYE.] 
OXFORD (oks'furd), a. City, England, seat of 

Oxford University. 
OXIDATION (oks-i-da'shun), n. Act or process 

of oxidizing. 
OXIDE (oks'id), n. Compound of oxygen and 

another element. 
OXIDIZABLE (oks'i-di-za-bl), a. Capable of 

being oxidized. 
OXIDIZE (oks i-diz), vt. [pr.p. OX'IDIZING; 

p.t. and p.p. OXIDIZED (oks'i-dizd).] Change 

into, or combine with, an oxide. 
OXYGEN (oks'i-jen), n. Gas without taste, 

color or smell, forming a 

part of the air, water, etc., 

and supporting life and 

combustion. — Oxygen hel- 
met, a life-saving apparatus 

for miners, consisting of a 

metal headpiece or helmet 

with a mica window, con- 
nected with a reservoir of 

oxygen gas. [Lit., "that 

which generates acids, "from 

Gr. oxys, acid, and gennao, 

generate.] 
OXYGENATE (oks'i-jen-at), 

vt. [pr.p. OXYGENATING; 

p.t. and p.p. OX'YGEN- 

ATED.] Unite with oxygen; oxidize. 
OXYGENOUS (oks-ij'e-nus), a. Pertaining to, 

or obtained from, oxygen. 




Oxygen Helmet. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



OXYHYDROGEN 



790 



OZOTYPE 



OXYHYDROGEN (oks-i-hi'dro-jen), a. Con- 
sisting of, pertaining to, or containing, a com- 
bination of oxygen and hydrogen gases. 
OXYIODIDE, OXYIODID (oks-i-i'6-did), n. 

Chem. Compound of oxygen and iodine. 
OXYLITHE (oks'i-liM), n. Substance spe- 
cially formed for the purpose of throwing off 
oxygen while at the same time absorbing 
carbonic acid gas. Used in safety helmets 
and divers' armor while undertaking sub- 
marine work. 
OXYMEL (oks'i-mel),n. Mixture of vinegar and 

honey. [Gr. oxys, acid, and meli, honey.] 
OXY3IORON (oks-i-mo'ron),n. Bhet. Intention- 
ally paradoxical phrase of which one part 
startlingly contradicts another part, as "a 
wild civility" [Gr. oxys, sharp, clever, and 
moron, foolish.] 
OxYRHYNCHA (oks-i-ring'ka), n.pl. Zool. A 
superfamily of the crustaceans embracing 
many of the non-aquatic spider crabs, char- 
acterized by nine pairs of gills. [Gr. oxys, 
sharp, and rhynchos, snout.] 
OYYSALT (oks'i-salt), n. Chem. Salt of an oxacid. 
OXYTOCIA (oks-i-to'shi-a), n. Med. Quick de- 
livery in childbirth. [Gr. oxys, swift, and tokos, 
birth.] 
OXYTOCIC (oks-i-tos'ik), a. Med. Promoting 

oxytocia. 
OXYTONE (oks'i-ton), a. 1. Having an acute 
sound. 2. Having an acute accent on the last 
syllable. [Gr. oxys, sharp, and tonos, tone, 
accent.] 
OYER (o'yer), n. Hearing. — Oyer and tcr- 
miner, name given in some States of the IT. S. 
to certain courts, usually confined to hearing 
and determining criminal cases. [Norm. Fr. 
oyer (Fr. ouir) — L,. audire, hear.] 
OYEZ, OYES (6'yes), inter j. Hear ye ! (Intro- 
ductory call of a public crier for attention.) 
[Norm. Fr.] 
OYSTER (ois'ter), n. Edible bivalve shell-fish, 
of the genus 
O str ea . — 
Tree oyster, 
oyster that 
attaches it- 
self to the 
root or 
branch of a 
tree growing 
in the sea 
near the 
shore, as in 
various parts of the West Indies, including 
Jamaica and Porto Rico, where oysters are 
commonly found growing on trees that over- 
hang the water of the Caribbean Sea, and 
on the roots of trees to the height of three 
and four feet above the water. [O. F. oistre — 
L. ostrea — Gr. ostreon, oyster — osteon, bone.] 
YSTER-BED (ois'ter-bed), n. Breeding place 
for oysters. 




Oyster. 




Oyster-catcher (Hcematopus 
pallialus). 



OYSTER-CATCHER (ois'ter-kach-er), n. Hand- 
some European and American 
bird, about sixteen inches 
long, common 
on flat sandy 
coasts of the 
NorthAtlantic 
and Pacific 
oceans. It is 
fitted with a 
stout bill suit- 
able for catch- 
ing shell-fish. 

OYSTER-CRAB 

(ois'ter-krab), n. Small crab commonly found 
within oyster shells. 

OYSTER-CRACKER (ois'ter-krak-er), n. Small 
cracker served with oysters. 

OYSTER-FARMING (ois'ter-farm-ing), n. Act 
or practice of breeding oysters artificially. 

OYSTER-PARK (ois'ter-park), n. Oyster-bed. 

OYSTER-PLANT (ois'ter-plant), n. 1. Salsify. 
2. Sea-lungwort, whose leaves have an oyster- 
like flavor. 

Ozark (o'zark) Mountains. 3iissouri and 

Arkansas. Altitude 1,400 feet. 

OZONE (6'zon), n. Name given to a modification 
of oxygen, being one and a half times as dense, 
showing increased chemical activity and 
marked by a peculiar smell. [Gr. ozo, smell. 1 

OZONE PAPER (6'zon pa'per). Paper dipped 
in iodide of potassium and starch; oxidizers 
turn it blue. 

OZONIC (6-zon'ik), a. Containing, resembling, or 
pertaining to, ozone. 

OZONIDE, OZONID to'zo-nid), n. Chem. Com- 
pound of ozone formed with organic com- 
pounds having a valence of two. 

OZONIFEROUS (6-zo-nif 'er-us), o. Bearing or 
giving rise to ozone. 

OZONIZE (o'zo-niz), v. [pr.p. O'ZONIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. OZONIZED (o'zo-nlzd).] I. vt. Treat 
with or convert into ozone. II. vi. Be 
converted into or treated with ozone. 

OZONIZER (6'zo-ni-zer), n. Chem. Apparatus 
for converting oxygen of the air into ozone 
by passage of an electric discharge. 

OZON03IETER (6-zd-nom'e-ter), n. Chem. 
Instrument for measuring amount of ozone 
in the air or other gas. 

OZONOMETRY (6-zd-nom'e-tri), n. Chem. Art 
of measuring the amount of ozone in air or 
other gaseous mixture. 

OZONOSCOPE (6-zo'no-skop), n. Chem. In- 
strument used to show by visible means the 
existence or quantity of ozone in a given gas. 

OZONOSCOPIC (6-zd-nd-skop'ik), a. Chem. Of 
or pertaining to the detection of ozone by 
visible indications. 

OZONOUS (6'zo-nus), a. Relating to ozone. 

OZOTYPE (6'zo-tip), n. Phot. Plate or print 
from a plate resulting from a modified carbon 
process avoiding the necessity of transfer. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
vi=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



791 



PACKING 





P (pe), n. [pi. P'S (pez).] The 
sixteenth letter and twelfth 
consonant of the English al- 
phabet. It has but one sound 
in English, as in papa, map, 
except when with h it forms 
the digraph ph, which is pro- 
nounced like /, and occurs in 
words derived from the Greek. 
As an initial before n, s, and t, it is silent, as 
in pneumatics, psalm, ptomain. It is silent 
also in the words raspberry, receipt, and 
corps. 
PA (pa), n. Same as PAPA. 
PABTJLU31 (pab'u-lum), n. That which feeds 

or nourishes. [L. pasco, feed.] 
PACA (pa'ka), n. South American guinea pig 

or agouti. [Pg.] 
PACA-RANA (pa- 
ka-ra'na), n. 
Cross-breed 
species of paca 
(Dinomys bran- 
ichi). 
PACE (pas), n. 1. 
Space left be- 
tween the feet 
in one step, Paca. 

measured from heel to heel, and varying 
from 30 to 36 inches. 2. Step. 3. Gait; rate 
of motion (of a man or beast). 4. Mode of 
stepping in horses in which the legs on the 
same side are lifted together; amble. [Fr. 
pas — L. passus, step.] 
PACE (pas), v. [pr.p. PACING; p.t. and p.p. 
PACED (past).] I. vt. 1. Measure by steps. 
2. Cause to progress. 3. Train in walking or 
stepping. II. vi. 1. Walk with slow or meas- 
ured steps. 2. Amble. 
PACED (past), a. Having a certain pace or gait. 
PACE-MAKER (pas'ma-ker), n. One who sets 

the pace, as in a race. 
PACER (pa/ser), n. 1. One who paces. 2. Horse 

whose usual gait is a pace. 
PACHA (pa-sha/ or pash'a), n. Same as PASHA. 
PACHISI (pa-che'si), n. Hindu game played 
with dice, counters and a marked board, 
somewhat similar to backgammon. 
PACHY- (pak'i), prefix. Thick. [Gr. pachys.] 
PACHYDERM (pak'i-derm), n. [pi. PACH- 
YDERMS or PACHYDER'MATA.] 1. One of 
an old order of non-ruminant, hoofed mam- 
mals (Pachydermata) distinguished for the 
thickness of their skin, as the elephant. 2. 
Thick-skinned animal. 3. Unsensitive person. 
[Gr. pachys, thick, and derma, skin.] 
PACHYDERM (pak'i-derm), PACHYDERMA- 
TOUS (pak-i-der'ma-tus), a. Relating to a 
pachyderm; thick-skinned. 
PACIFIC (pa-sif'ik), a. Characterized by peace 
or peacf fulness. 

SYN. Conciliatory; peaceful; quiet-ap- 
pearing; tranquil; mild; conciliating; calm; 



placid. ANT. Belligerent; contentious; 
hostile; quarrelsome; turbulent; warlike; 
tumultuous; raging; stormy. 

PACIFICALLY (pa-sif'ik-al-i), adv. In a pacific 
manner; peacefully; peaceably; quietly. 

PACIFICATION (pas-i-fi-ka'shun), n. The act 
of making peace between parties at variance. 
[See PACIFY.] 

PACIFICATOR (pa-sif'i-ka-ttir), n. Peace- 
maker. 

PACIFICATORY (pa-sif'i-ka-to-ri), a. Tending 
to pacify or make peace; conciliatory. 

PACIFICO (pa-sif'i-ko; Sp. pa-the'fi-ko), n. 
Peaceful person; non-combatant. 

PACIFIER (pas i-fi-er), n. One who pacifies; 
pacificator. 

PACIFY (pasi-fl), vt. [pr.p. PACIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. PACIFIED (pas'i-fid).] Make peace- 
ful; appease; calm; soothe. [L. pacifico — pax, 
peace, and facio, make.] 

PACK (pak), n. 1. Bundle. 2. Complete set 
of cards. 3. Number of hounds hunting, or 
kept together. 4. Number of persons com- 
bined for bad purposes. 5. Any great number. 
6. Large area or field of broken ice. 7. Wet 
sheet for closely wrapping up a patient. [Celt. 
pac, bundle.] 

PACK (pak), v. [pr.p. PACK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PACKED (pakt).] I. vt. 1. Press together 
and fasten up. 2. Place or set close together; 
crowd. 3. Stow regularly with goods, etc., as 
to pack a box. 4. Put in close vessels, so as to 
preserve from decay. 5. 3Iake air, steam, or 
gas tight by stuffing with packing or other 
material. 6. Select or arrange, as cards, 
jurors, etc., so as to secure an unfair advan- 
tage. 7. Dismiss without ceremony. II. vi. 
1. Put up or stow goods for carriage. 2. Be 
capable of being packed or stowed in a small 
compass. 3. Depart in haste. 4. Gather or 
collect together in a compact mass. 5. Flock 
together. 

PACKAGE (pak'aj), n. Something packed; 
bundle; bale. 

PACKER (pak'er), n. One who or that which 
packs; specifically, one whose business it is 
to pack provisions for preservation from de- 
cay ©r decom- 
position. 

PACKET (pak'et), 
n. 1. Small 
package. 2. 
Dispatch-boat; 
vessel plying 
regularly be- 
tween ports. 

PACKHORSE 
(pak'hars), n. 
Horse used to 
carry goods. 

PACKING (pak'- 

ing), n. 1. Act Pack-horse. 

of putting in packs or tying up for transport- 



€ 




late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
U=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PACKING-HOUSE 



792 



PAGO 




Pack-saddle. 



ation or preservation. 2. Material for packing. 
3. Mach. Material for rendering a joint or 
other orifice steam-, gas-, or air-tight. 

PACKING-HOUSE (pak'ing-fcows), n. Estab- 
lishment for packing provisions, especially 
beef, pork, and oysters, for the various de- 
mands of the market. 

PACK3IAN (pak'man), n. [pi. PACKMEN.] 
Peddler or man who carries a pack. 

PACK-SADDLE (pak'sad-1), n. Saddle for packs 
or burdens. 

PACKTHREAD (pak'- 
thred), n. Coarse 
thread used to sew 
or tie up packages. 

PACT (pakt), n. Con- 
tract. [L. pactum — 
paciscor make a 
contract.] 

PACTOLUS (pak-to'- 
lus),«. Greek Myth. 
The river in Lydia 
in which King 
Midas bathed himself, and the sands of which 
turned into gold at his touch. 

PAD (pad), n. Thief on the high-road; foot- 
pad. [Dut. pad, path.] 

PAD (pad), n. 1. Anything stuffed with a soft 
material, as a soft saddle, cushion, etc. 2. 
Package of paper for writing upon. 3. Sheet 
of blotting-paper; blotter. [Variant of POD.] 

PAD (pad), v. [pr.p. PAD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
PADDED.] I. vt. 1. Stuff or furnish with a 
pad or padding. 2. Impregnate with a mor- 
dant. II. vi. 1. Wear a pad or pads to im- 
prove the figure. 2. Fill up or lengthen out 
literary composition with unnecessary matter. 

PADDING (pad'ing), n. 1. Act of furnishing 
with a pad. 2. Soft stuffing of a saddle, etc. 
3. Superfluous matter introduced into a book 
or article to make it of the desired length. 

PADDLE (pad'l), v. [pr.p. PADDLING; p.t. and 
p.p. PADDLED (pad Id).] I. vt. 1. Row or 
propel with a paddle or oar. 2. Beat with, or 
as with, a paddle; spank. II. vi. 1. Use a 
paddle. 2. Dabble in the water with the hands 
or feet. [For PATTLE, a freq. of PAT, strike 
lightly and quickly.] 

PADDLE (pad'l), n. 1. Short, broad, spoon- 
shaped oar, used for moving canoes. 2. Blade 
of an oar. 3. One of the boards at the circum- 
ference of a paddle-wheel. 

PADDLE-WHEEL (pad'I-hwel), n. Wheel fur- 
nished with broad boards for paddles used to 
propel a boat from sides, stern or center, 
through the water. 

PADDOCK (pad'uk), n. Inclosure for pasture, 
attached or contiguous to a stable. [A.S. 
pearroc, inclosure — parran (Ger. sperren), shut 
in. The word PARK is from the same source.] 

PADDY (pad'i), n. Rice in the husk. [E.Indian.] 

PADDY-BIRD (pad'i-berd), n. White yellow- 
crested egret found in the rice-fields of China. 



PADLOCK (pad'lok), n. Lock with a link to pass 
through a staple or eye. [Etym. unknown.] 

PADLOCK (pad'lok), vt. [pr.p. PAD'LOCKING; 
p.t. and p.p. PADLOCKED (pad'lokt).] Fasten 
with a padlock. 

PADNAG (pad'nag), n. Ambling horse. 

PADRE (pa'dra), n. Name given in the Orient 
and Spanish-speaking countries to a priest 
or minister of any denomination. [Sp.] 

PADRONE (pa-dro'na), n. [pi. PADRONI (pa- 
dro'ne).] 1. Patron; master. 2. One who im- 
ports Italian laborers and controls their earn- 
ings. [It.] 

PADUA (pad'u-a), w. City in N. Italy. 

P^EAN (pe'an), n. 1. Song in honor of Apollo. 
2. Song of triumph. [Gr. Paian, an epithet 
of Apollo.] 

PEDOGENESIS (pe-do-jen'e-sis), n. Zool. Re- 
production by immature animals, as by the 
larvae of some gall-flies. 

P^EONIC (pe-on'ik), a. Of or pertaining to a 
metrical foot of four syllables, one accented. 

PAGAN (pa'gan), I. n. Heathen. II. a. Heathen; 
heathenish. [L. paganus, living out in the 
country, boorish, unconverted.] 

PAGANISM (pa'gan-izm), n. Heathenism. 

PAGANIZE (pa'gan-iz), vt. [pr.p. PA'GANIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. PAGANIZED (pa'gan-Izd).] Ren- 
der pagan or heathen; convert to paganism. 

PAGE (paj), n. Boy attending on a person of 
distinction. [Fr.] 

PAGE (paj), n. One side of a leaf, as of a book. 
[Fr. — L. pagina, thing fastened — pango, 
fasten.] 

PAGE (paj), vt. [pr.p. PA'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAGED (pajd).] Number the pages of; pagi- 
nate. 

PAGEANT (paj 'ant or pa'jant), n. Showy ex- 
hibition; spectacle; fleeting show. [L.L. 
pagina, stage.] 

PAGEANTRY (paj'ant-ri), n. Ostentatious dis- 
play; pomp; parade. 

PAGE-PROOF (paj prof), n. Print. Proof taken 
in page form, as opposed to a GALLEY-PROOF. 

PAGINATE (paj'i-nat), 
vt. [pr.p. PAGINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAG'INATED.] 
Mark with numbers, 
as the pages of a 
book; page. [L.L. 
pagino, page.] 

PAGINATION (paj-i-na- 
shun), n. 1. Act of 
paging a book. 2. The 
figures and marks that 
indicate the numbers of 
the pages. 

PAGO (pa 'go), n. Bot. Tree 
growing on the sea-coast 
of Polynesia noted for its 
fiber-producing qualities. 
The fibers are used for all kinds of cordage. 




Pago {Paiiti tilia- 
ceum). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u = u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch f ' 



PAGODA 



793 



PALE 




PAGODA (pa-go'da), n. Temple of an idol in 
India. [Sp. — Pers. butkadah, idol- 
temple.] 

PAID (pad), I. v. Past tense and past 
participle of PAY. II. a.. Receiving 
wages or pay; hired. 

PAIL, (pal), n. Open vessel of wood, 
etc., for holding or carrying liquids. 
[O. Fr. paile — L. patella, pan.] 

PAILFUL (pal'fol), n. [pi. PAIL- 
FULS (pal'folz).] As much as fills 
a pail. 

PAIN (pan), n. 1. Bodily suffering. 
2. Anguish. 3. [pi.] Careful appli- 
cation. 4. Anxiety. [Fr. peine — 
L. poena, penalty.] 

PAIN (pan), vt. [pr.p. PAINING; p.t. Pa S° da 
and p.p. PAINED (pand).] 1. Cause suffering 
to. 2. Distress. 3. Grieve. 

PAINFUL (pan'fol), a. Full of pain; causing 
pain; distressing. 

PAINFULLY (panfol-i), adv. 1. So as to cause 
pain. 2. With care and painstaking. 

PAINFULNESS (pan'fol-nes), n. 1. Quality of 
being painful. 2. Painstaking. 

PAINLESS (pan'les), a. Without pain. 

PAINLESSLY (pan'les-li), adv. In a painless 
manner; without pain. 

PAINLESSNESS (pan'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being painless. 

PAINSTAKER (panz'ta-ker), n. One who takes 
pains in the doing of anything. 

PAINSTAKING (panz'ta-king), I. a. Taking 
pains or care; diligent. II. n. Labor; diligence. 

PAINT (pant), v. [pr.p. PAINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAINTED.] I. vt. 1. Color. 2. Represent in 
colors. 3. Describe. II. vi. 1. Practice paint- 
ing. 2. Lay colors on the face. [Fr. peindre 
— L. pingo, p.p. pictus, paint.] 

PAINT (pant), n. 1. Coloring substance; pig- 
ment. 2. Rouge. 3. Any substance mixed 
with caoutchouc to harden it, as whiting, 
lampblack, etc. 

PAINT-BRUSH (pant'brush), n. Brush for put- 
ting on paint. 

PAINTED (pant'ed), a. 1. Coated with paint. 
2. Represented or drawn in colors. 3. Ar- 
tificial; unreal; as, a painted ocean. 

PAINTER (pant'er), n. 1. One whose occupa- 
tion is to paint; as, a house-painfer. 2. Artist 
who represents scenes in nature, by the aid 
of color, on flat surfaces. 

PAINTER (pant'er), n. Rope used to fasten a 
boat. [M. E. panther, fowler's noose, through 
O. Fr. — L. panther, hunting-net — Gr. panthe- 
ros, catching all — pan, neut. of pas, every, 
and ther, wild beast.] 

PAINTING (pant'ing), n. 1. Act or employment 
of laying on colors, or of representing objects 
by colors. 2. Picture. 

PAINTY (pant'i), a. 1. .Overloaded with paint, 
with the colors too glaringly used. 2. Smeared 
with paint. 



PAIR (par), n. 1. Two things equal, or suited 
to each other, or used together. 2. Set of two 
equal or like things forming one instrument; 
as, a pair of scissors, tongs, etc. 3. Couple, 
especially mated. 4. Two members of a legis- 
lative body, holding opposite opinions, who 
agree with each other to abstain from voting 
for a certain time, so as to permit one or both 
to be absent. [Fr. paire — L. par, equal.] 

PAIR (par), v. [pr.p. PAIRING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAIRED (pard).] I. vt. Join in couples. II. vi. 

I. Be joined in couples. 2. Fit as a counter- 
part. 3. Pair off. — Pair off. 1. Go off in 
pairs. 2. 3Iake an arrangement with one of 
an opposite opinion by which the votes of 
both are withheld. 

PAJAMAS (pa-ja'maz), PYJAMAS (pi-ja'maz), 
n.pl. 1. Loose trousers worn in India by 
either sex. 2. The same with loose covering 
for the upper part of the body also. 3. Suit of 
night or lounging clothes consisting of loose 
trousers and blouse jacket with flowing 
sleeves, fashioned after oriental style and 
used by Europeans and Americans. [Hind.] 

PAL (pal), n. 1. Partner; mate; chum. 2. 
Companion in crime; accomplice. (Slang.) 
[Gipsy.] 

PALACE (pal'as), n. Royal house; splendid 
house or building. [Fr. palais — L. Palatium, 
the Roman emperor's residence on the Pala- 
tine Hill at Rome.] 

PALACE-CAR (pal'as-kar), n. Railway car 
sumptuously arranged for riding, dining, and 
sleeping with extra comfort while traveling. 

PALADIN (pal'a-din), n. Knight of Charle- 
magne's household; knight-errant. [Fr.] 

PALAMEDES (pal-a-me'dez), n. Greek Myth. 
Greek warrior, son of Nauplius and Clymene, 
slain by Ulysses at the siege of Troy. 

PALANQUIN (pal-ang-ken'), n. Carriage for 
one person, borne on the shoulders of men. 
[Javanese palanki — Sans, palyanka.] 

PALATABLE (pal'a-ta-bl), a. Agreeable to the 
palate or taste; savory. 

PALATAL (pal'a-tal), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
the palate. 2. Uttered by aid of the palate. 

II. n. Letter pronounced chiefly by the aid 
of the palate, as ch, j, y, i, and e. 

PALATE (pal'at), n. 1. Roof of the mouth. 2. 
Taste; relish. [O. Fr. palat — L. palatum.] 

PALATIAL (pa-Ia'shal), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
palace; royal; magnificent. 

PALATINE (pal'a-tin), a. Of or pertaining to 
the palate. 

PALATINE (pal'a-tin), I. a. Belonging to a 
palace. 2. Having royal rank. II. n. One 
having royal privileges. 

PALAVER (pa-la'ver), n. 1. Idle talk; talk in- 
tended to deceive. 2. Conference, especially 
with savages. [Pg. palavra — L. parabola, par- 
able.] 

PALE (pal), n. 1. Narrow piece of wood used in 
inclosing grounds. 2. Anything that incloses; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
ii=w in Scotch gucle; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/«, in Scotch, loch. 



PALE 



794 



PALLOR 



inclosure; limit; district. [Fr. pal — L. palus, 
s ti\. ko • 1 

PALE (pal), vt. [pr.p. PALING; p.U and p.p. 
PALED (paid).] Inclose with pales or stakes; 
encompass. 

PALE (pal), a. 1. Not ruddy or fresh of color; 
wan. 2. Of a faint luster or hue; dim. [Fr. — L. 
pallid us, pale.] 

SYN. Pallid; faint; sallow. ANT. Ruddy; 
florid; roseate; rubicund. 

PALE (pal), v. [pr.p. PA'LING; p.t. and p.p. 
PALED (paid).] I. vt. Make pale; deprive of 
color. II. vi. Become or turn pale; lose color. 

PALEFACE (pal'fas), n. Name applied by the 
North American Indians to a white man. 

PALEOGRAPHY, PALEOGRAPHY (pa-le-og- 
ra-fi), n. Science of interpreting and decipher- 
ing ancient and hieroglyphic writing. 

PALEONTOLOGICAL (pa-le-on-to-loj'ik-al), a. 
Pertaining to paleontology. 

PALEONTOLOGIST (pa-le-on-tol'o-jist), to. One 
who is versed in paleontology. 

PALEONTOLOGY, PALAEONTOLOGY (pa-le- 
on-tol'o-ji), to. Science of the ancient life of 
the earth, or of its fossil remains. [Gr. palaios, 
ancient, on, ontos, being, and logos, discourse.] 

PALEOZOIC (pa-le-6-zo'ik), a. Of that division 
of the geological series, which comprises 
the Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous and 
Permian. 

PALERMO (pii-ler'md), to. Seaport, N. W. ex- 
tremity of Sicily. 

PALESTINE (pal'es-tln), to. Southern part of 
Syria between Mediterranean and the desert. 

PALESTRA (pa-les'tra), to. Gymnasium. [Gr. 
palaio, wrestle.] 

PALETTE (pal'et), to. Thin and oval board on 
which a painter mixes his 
colors. [Fr.] 

PALFREY (pal'fri), to. Sad- 
dle-horse, especially for a 
lady. [Fr. palefroi.] 

PALI (pa'le), to. Sacred 
language of the Buddhists 
closely allied to Sanskrit. 

PALIMPSEST (pal'imp-sest), to. Parchment 
which has been written upon more than once, 
the first writing having been erased to make 
room for the second. [Gr. palin, again, and 
psestos, rubbed.] 

PALINDROME (pal'in-drom), to. Word, verse, 
or sentence that reads the same either back- 
ward or forward, as madam. [Gr. palin, back, 
and dromos, running.] 

PALING (pa'ling), n. Pales in general; inclosure. 

PALINGENESIS (pal-in-jen'e-sis), to. Second 
birth; regeneration. [Gr.] 

PALINURUS (pal-i-nu'rus), to. Greek Myth. 

The pilot and helmsman of AEneas. 
PALISADE (pal-i-sad'), n. 1. Fence of pointed 
stakes firmly fixed in the ground. 2. [pi.] [P-] 
High and precipitous rocky cliffs on the west 
side of the Hudson River opposite New York 




Palette. 
of eastern India, 



City, extending in an unbroken line for fif- 
teen miles northward. [Fr. pallssade — L. 
palus, stake.] 

PALISADE (pal-i-sad'), vt. [pr.p. PALISADING; 
p.t. and p.p. PALISA'DED.] Surround with a 
palisade. 

PALISH (pa'lish), a. Somewhat pale or wan. 

PALL (pal), to. 1. Cloth over a coffin at a 
funeral. 2. That which brings deep sorrow. 
3. Pallium. [A.S. peel, purple cloth — L. palla, 
mantle.] 

PALL (pal), v. [pr.p. PALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PALLED (paid).] I. vi. Become vapid, in- 
sipid, or wearisome. II. vt. 1. Make vapid or 
insipid. 2. Cloy. [Wei. pallu, fail.] 

PALLA (pal' a), to. Zool. Same as IMPALLA. 

PALLADITJ3I (pal-la'di-um), to. 1. Statue of 
Pallas, on the preservation of which the safety 
of ancient Troy was supposed to depend. 2. 
Any safeguard. 3. [p-] Rare metal found with 
platinum. [Gr. Palladion — Pallas, Minerva.] 

PALLAS (pal'as), to. Greek Myth.' Athena, 
identified with Roman Minerva. 

PALL-BEARER (pal'bar-er), to. One of those 
who attend the coffin at a funeral. 

PALLET (pal'et), to. 1. Palette. 2. Shaping tool 
used by potters. 3. Instrument for spreading 
gold-leaf. 4. Projection on the escapement 
of a watch engaging the teeth of the wheel. 
[From PALETTE.] 

PALLET (pal'et), to. Mattress or couch of 
straw. [Fr. paillet — paille, straw.] 

PALLIATE (pal'i-at), vt. [pr.p. PALLIATING; 
p.t. and p.p. PALLIATED.] 1. Soften by 
favorable representation. 2. Mitigate with- 
out curing. [L. palliatus, cloaked — pallium, 
cloak.] 

SYN. Cloak; cover; conceal; hide; ex- 
tenuate; ease; relieve. ANT. Expose; de- 
nounce; exaggerate; aggravate; magnify. 

PALLIATION (pal-i-a'shun), to. Act of palliating 
or state of being palliated. 

PALLIATIVE (pal'i-a-tiv), I. a. Serving to 
palliate. II. to. That which palliates. 

PALLID (pal'id), a. Pale; having little color; 
wan. [L. pallidus.] 

PALLIUM (pal'i-um), to. 1. Long cloak worn 
by a bishop or other high church dignitary 
during religious services. 2. Pall or cloth 
covering for an altar. 

PALL-MALL (pel-meD, to. Old game, in which 
a ball was driven through an iron ring with a 
mallet; alley or long space for playing the 
game. [O. Fr. palemaille — It. pallamaglio — 
O. Ger. palla, ball, and It. maglio, mallet.] 

PALLOGRAPH (pal'6-graf), to. Device used to 
record vibrations in any structure. [Gr. pallo, 
shake, and grapho, write.] 
PALLOMETRIC (pal-6-met'rik), a. Of or per- 
taining to the art of measuring vibration 
produced in the earth's surface by artificial 
means. 
PALLOR (pal'ur), to. Paleness. [L.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ji=# in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 

\ 



PALM 



795 



PAMPHLETEER 




Palms. 



Name for several 



PALM (pam), n. 1. Inner part of the hand be- 
tween wrist and fingers. 2. Trop- 
ical branchless tree of many vari- 
eties, bearing at the summit large 
leaves. 3. Palm leaf borne in token 
of victory or rejoicing. 4. Branch 
or wreath of green palm or 
other leaves symbolic of vic- 
tory or triumph. [L. palma, 
hand.] 

PALM (pam), vt. [pr.p. PALM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PALMED 
(pamd).] 1. Stroke with the 
palm or hand. 2. Conceal in 
the palm of the hand, as in sleight-of-hand 
tricks. 3. Impose by fraud; usually followed 
by off and upon; as, palm off a bogus coin 
upon some one. 

PALMAR (pal'mar), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
palm of the hand. 2. Belonging to the under 
side of a wing. 

PALMARY (pal'ma-ri), a. Worthy of the palm; 
excellent. 

PALMATE (pal 'mat), PALMATED (pal 'ma-ted), 
a. 1. Shaped like the palm of the hand. 2. 
Entirely webbed, as feet. [L. palmatiis — palma. 
See PALM.] 

PALMER (pam'er), n. One adept at concealing 
different articles in the palm of the hand; 
sleight-of-hand performer. 

PAL3IETTO (pal-met 6), n. 
fan-palms. [Sp. palmito — 
L. palma.] 

PALMIFEROUS (pal-mif- 
er-us), a. Producing palm- 
trees. 

PALMIPED (pal'mi-ped), I. 
a. Web-footed. II. n. 
Web-footed or swimming 
bird. 

PALMIST (pal'mist or pa/- 
mist), PAL31ISTER (pal- 
mis-ter), n. One who tells 
fortunes by the lines of 
the palm of the hand. 

PALMISTRY (pal'mis-tri or 
pa'mis-tri), n. Art or prac- 
tice of telling fortunes by 
the lines and marks of the hand. 

PAL3I-LEAF (pam'lef), n. Broad leaf of the 
palm tree used for making fans and thatches. 

PALM SUNDAY (pam sun'da). Sunday be- 
fore Easter, the day Christ entered Jerusalem, 
when palm branches were strewn in his way. 

PALMY (pam'i), a. 1. Bearing palms. 2. Flour- 
ishing; victorious. 

PALMYRA (pal-mi 'ra), n. Ancient city of N. 
Syria, on edge of Arabian desert. 

PALPABILITY (pal-pa-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being palpable. 

PALPABLE (pal'pa-bl), a. That can be touched 
or felt; readily perceived; gross. [L.L. palpa- 
bilis — L. palpo, touch.] 




Palmetto. 



SYN. Tangible; evident; manifest; glar- 
ing; obvious; unmistakable; corporeal; 
material. ANT. Immaterial; incorporeal; 
ethereal; impalpable. 

PALPABLENESS (pal'pa-bl-nes), n. Palpability. 

PALPABLY (pal'pa-bli), adv. In a palpable 
manner. 

PALPATE (pal'pat), vt. [pr.p. PAL'PATING; p.t. 
and p.p. PAL'PATED.] Ascertain or examine 
by sense of touch. [L. palpo, feel.] 

PALPATION (pal-pa'shun), n. Act of feeling or 
touching. 

PALPITATE (palpi-tat), vi. [pr.p. PALPITA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PALPITATED.] 31ove 
often and quickly; beat rapidly; throb. [See 
PALPABLE.] 

PALPITATION (pal-pi-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
palpitating. 2. Irregular action of the heart, 
caused by excitement, excessive exertion, or 
disease. 

PALPUS (pal 'pus), n. Feeler. [L.] 

PALSIED (pal'zid), a. Affected with palsy. 

PALSTAFF (pal'staf or pal'staf), n. Old Celtic 
and Scandinavian weapon — a wedge of stone 
or metal fixed by a tongue in a staff. [Dan. 
pdlstafr.] 

PALSY (pal'zi), n. 1. Paralysis. 2. Inefficiency. 
[From PARALYSIS.] 

PALSY (pal'zi), vt. [pr.p. PAL'SYING; p.t. and 
p.p. PALSIED (pal'zid).] Affect with palsy; 
deprive of action or energy; paralyze. 

PALTER (palter), vi. [pr.p. PALTERING; p.t, 
and p.p. PALTERED (pal'terd).] Trifle; dodge; 
shuffle; equivocate. [From PALTRY.] 

PALTRILY (pal'tri-li), adv. In a paltry manner; 
meanly; despicably. 

PALTRINESS (pal'tri-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being paltry. 

PALTRY (pal'tri), a. 3Iean; vile; worthless. 
[L. Ger. palter, rag, shred.] 

PAMIR (pa-mer'), n. Extensive table-land in 
central Asia. 

PAMPAS (pam'paz), n.pl. Vast plains in South 
America. — Pampas grass, large perennial 
grass ranging from four to twelve feet high, 
having large tufts or flowers at the ends, 
growing in the plains or pampas of South 
America. 

PA3IPER (pam'per), vt. [pr.p. 
PAMPERING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAMPERED (pam'perd).] 1. 
Feed luxuriously or to the full; 
glut. 2. Gratify to the full; 
indulge to excess. [L. Ger. 
pampen — pampe, pap made of j 
meal.] 

PA3IPHLET (pam'flet), n. 1. 
Small book consisting of one 
or more sheets stitched to- 
gether. 2. Short essay or 
treatise. [Etym. doubtful.] 

PA3IPHLETEER (pam-flet-er'), 
pamphlets. 




Pampas Grass 

(Gynerium ar- 
gentum). 

n. Writer of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolt; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PAN 



796 



PANEGYRIZE 



PAN (pan), n. Depression or hollow in the 
ground containing water and mud. [So. 
African Dutch.] 

PAN (pan), n. 1. Broad shallow vessel for do- 
mestic use. 2. Part of a flintlock that holds 
the priming. 3. Skull. 4. Stratum of hard 
ground below the soil. [A.S. panne.] 

PAN (pan), n. Greek Myth. God of shepherds 
and huntsmen; represented as part man, part 
goat, playing a reed-pipe. 

PAN (pan), v. [pr.p. PAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
PANNED (pand).] I. vt. 1. Treat with the 
panning process — clear from dirt or refuse 
by washing in a pan. 2. Obtain in any way; 
secure. 3. Cook and serve in a pan. II. vi. 
1. Yield gold. 2. Obtain gold by using the 
pan. — Pan out, turn out well, according to 
expectation. 

PAN-, prefix. All; altogether. [Gr. pas, pantos, 
all.] 

PANACEA (pan-a-se'a), n. All-healing remedy; 
universal medicine. [Gr. panakeia — pas, pan, 
all, and akeomai, heal.] 

PANACHE (pa'nash'), n. Feather, plume or 
aigret attached as ornament to a helmet or 
woman's hat. [Fr. panache; from L. penna, 
pen, plume, or feather.] 

PANADA (pa-na'da), n. Bread or crackers, 
boiled to a pulp. [Sp.] 

PAN-AFRICAN (pan-af'ri-kan), a. Exclusively 
pertaining or belonging to Africa and persons 
of African parentage. 

PAN- AFRICANDER (pan-af-ri-kan'der), n. 
One of Dutch descent who is born or lives in 
South Africa. 

PANA3IA (pan-a-ma'), n. Fine hat of the West 
Indies and South America, plaited of the un- 
developed leaf of the screw-pine. 

PANA3IA (pan-a-ma'), n. Capital city, seaport, 
Republic of Panama, on Pacific Ocean, ter- 
minus [of U. S. Government-owned Panama 
Canal. 

PANAMA (pan-a-ma), n. Bot. Large foliage 
tree (Stereculia Carthagensis), bearing an oily 
seed, grown on the Isthmus of Panama. 

PANAMAN (pan-a-man'), n. Native or citizen 
of the Republic of Panama. 

PAN-A3IERICAN (pan-a- 
mer'i-kan), a. Involving 
all divisions of America 
collectively. [PAN- and 
AMERICAN.] 

PANCAKE (pan'kak), n. 
Thin cake of eggs, flour, 
and milk fried in a pan. 

PANCHROMATIC (pan-kro- 
mat'ik), a. 



Characterized 




Jose Domingo Obal- 



by sensitiveness to light of dia, president of 
all colors, as certain photo- Panama. Born, 1847 
graphic plates. —died, 1910. 

PANCOSMIS3I(pan-koz'mizm),a. rhilos. Doc- 
trine that the cosmos or material universe 
is all that exists. [PAN- and COSMISM.] 



PANCREAS (pan'kre-as), n. Gland situated 
under and behind the stomach, secreting 
a saliva-like fluid which enters the duo- 
denum and assists digestion in the intestines; 
sweetbread. 
[Gr. pan, all, 
and kreas, 
flesh.] 

PANCREATIC 
(pan-kre-af- 
ik), a. Of or 
pertaining to 
the pancreas. 

PANDECT(pan'- 
dekt), n. 1. 
Treatise con- 
taining the 
whole of a 




Upper part 



14 13 12 
Pancreas. 

1. Lower end of esophagus, 
of stomach. 3. Left (20. Right) suprarenal 
Science. 2. [P-] ca P sule - 4 - Splenic vessel. 5. Left (18. Right) 
gastro-epiploic artery. 6. Pancreas. 7. Je- 
junum. 8. Sup. (11. Inf.) mesenteric artery. 
9. Left (16. Right) Kidney. 10-14. Spermatic 
vessels. 12. Aorta. 13. Vena cava inf. IS. 
Duodenum. 17. Sup. mesenteric vein. 19. 
Pyloric orifice. 21. Hepatic artery. 22. Cystic 
duct. 23. Hepatic duct. 24. Portal vein. 25. 
Gastric vessels. 



[pi.] Digest of 
Roman civil 
law made by 
command of 
the Emperor 
Justinian. [Gr. pan, all, and dechomai, re- 
ceive.] 

PANDEMONIUM (pan-de-mo'ni-um), n. 1. 
Abode of demons or evil spirits. 2. Place or 
state of noisy disorder. [Lit., "place of all 
the demons " — Gr. pan, all, and daimon, 
demon.] 

PANDER (pan'der), n. [fern. PAN'DERESS.] 
Man who procures for others the means of 
gratifying unlawful desires. [From Pandarus, 
in the story of Troilus and Cressida.] 

PANDER (pan'der), v. [pr.p. PANDERING; p.t. 
and p.p. PANDERED (pan'derd).] I. vt. Min- 
ister to the gratification of. II. vi. Act the 
part of a pander. 

PANDORA (pan-do'ra), n. Greek Myth. The 
first woman; made by Hephaestus; endowed 
by the gods with beauty and the arts; Zeus 
gave her a box containing the blessings of 
life, which curiosity prompted her to open; 
all but Hope flew out of the box. 

PANDURA (pan-du'ra), n. 1. . Three-stringed 
lute of ancient Greece and Rome. 2. Modern 
Italian eight-stringed instrument related to 
the mandolin as the viola to the violin. 

PANE (pan), n. Piece or part with a plane sur- 
face, as a plate of glass. [Fr. pan, lappet, 
pane — L. pannus, cloth.] 

PANEGYRIC (pan-e-jir'ik), n. Oration or eu- 
logy in praise of some person or event. 
[Gr. panegyrikos, fit for a national gathering; 
pan, all, and agyris, gathering.] 

PANEGYRIC (pan-e-jir'ik), PANEGYRICAL 
(pan-e-jir'ik-al), a. Of the nature of a pane- 
gyric ; laudatory. 

PANEGYRIZE (pan'e-jir-iz), vt. [pr.p. PANE- 
GYRIZING; p.t. and p.p. PANEGYRIZED 
(pan'e-jir-izd).] Write or pronounce a pane- 
gyric on; praise highly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
U=v in' Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then. kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PANEL 



797 



PANTHEISTIC 



PANEL (panel), n. 1. Arch, 
with raised margins; 
board with a surround- 
ing frame. 2. Thin board 
on which a picture is 
painted. 3. Schedule con- 
taining the names of 
those summoned to serve 
as jurors; jury. 4. Elec. 
Slab of insulating sub- 
stance such as slate, 
marble, etc., erected in a 
vertical position as a 
switchboard for an elec- 
tric generating plant. 
[L.L. panellus, dim. of L. 
pannus, cloth.] 

PANEL (pan'el), vt. [pr.p. 
PANELING; p.t. and p.p. 
PANELED (pan'eld).]Fur- 
nish with panels. 

PANELA (pa-na'la.), n. 
Partly refined brown sug- 
ar; common term for 
sugar generally in Span- 
ish America. [Sp.] 

PANELING (pan'el-ing), n. 

PANG (pang), n 



Compartment 







Panel of electric 
switchboard. 




Pangolin ( Manis longicauda). 



Panels collectively. 
Violent momentary pain ; 
paroxysm of extreme sorrow; throe. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

PAN-GERMAN (pan-jer'man), I. a. Pertaining 
to all Germans, all Germany or Pan-German- 
ism. II. n. Advocate of Pan-Germanism. 

PAN GERMANISM (pan-jer'man-izm), n. De- 
sire and project for the organization of all the 
German people throughout the world in one 
common bond or union. 

PANGOLIN (pang'go-lin), n. Zool. Ant-eater 
whose skin is 
covered with 
scales; found in 
southern Asia. 

P ANHANDLE 
(pan'han-dl), n. 
Handle of a fry- 
ing or other pan; piece of land or anything 
resembling such; specifically in the United 
States, strip of land belonging to one State 
and running into or between others. 

PANIC (pan'ik), I. n. 1. Extreme or sudden 
fright; outburst of terror. 2. Excessive 
alarm and distrust in a community owing 
to some business catastrophe, real or imag- 
inary, causing the people to fear a com- 
mercial or financial disaster. II. a. Of the 
nature of a panic; extreme or sudden; 
imaginary. [Gr. Pan, the god of the woods, 
who was supposed to cause sudden frights.] 

PANICLE (pani-kl), n. Bot. Form of inflores- 
cence in which the cluster is irregularly 
branched, as in oats. [L. panicula, tuft.] 

PANIC-MONGER (pan'ik-mung-ger), n. One 
who maliciously endeavors to start a panic. 



PANIC-STRICKEN (pan'ik-strik-n), PANIC- 
STRUCK (pan'ik-struk), a. Seized with over- 
whelming fear. 

PANNIER (pan'yer), n. 1. One of two baskets 
slung across a horse, for carrying light prod- 
uce to market. 2. Arch. Corbel. 3. Bustle 
for a woman's skirt. [Fr. — L. panarium, 
bread-basket.] 

PANNIKIN (pan'i-kin), n. Small pan; small 
drinking cup usually made of metal. 

PANOPLIED (pan'o-plid), a. Completely armed. 

PANOPLY (pan'o-pli), n. 1. Full suit of armor. 
2. Figuratively, a group of arms and armor 
arranged collectively as a decorative trophy. 
[Gr. pan, all, and hopla, arms.] 

PANORAMA (pan-o-ra'ma or pan-o-ra'ma), n. 
1. Complete view on all sides. 2. Picture 
representing a number of scenes unrolled 
and made to pass before the spectator. [Gr. 
pan, all, and horama, view, sight — horao, 
see.] 

PANORAMIC (pan-o-ram'ik), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a panorama; like a panorama. 

PANSY (pan'zi), n. [pi. PANSIES (pan'ziz).] 
Species of violet hearts- 
ease. [Fr. pensee, 
thought.] 

PANT (pant), v. [pr.p. 
PANTING; p.t. and 
p.p. PANTED.] I. vi. 
1. Breathe hard and 
quickly. 2. Show ex- 
citement by quickness 
of breathing. 3. De- 
sire ardently. II. vt. Pansy {Viola tricolor). 
1. Gasp out. 2. Long for. [Imitative.] 

PANT (pant), n. 1. Short, quick respiration; 
gasp. 2. A throbbing or palpitation of the 
heart. 

PANT-, PANTA-, prefix. Same as PAN-. 

PANTAGRAPH, n. Same as PANTOGRAPH. 

PANTALETS (pan-ta-lets'), n.pl. Long loose 
drawers, ruffled at the lower part of the legs, 
and formerly worn by women and young 
girls. £2 

PANTALOON (pan-ta-lon'), n. 1. In panto- 
mimes, a ridiculous character that wears a 
garment consisting of trousers and stockings 
in one piece; buffoon. 2. [pi.] Garment cover- 
ing the body from the waist down to the 
ankles; trousers; pants. [Fr. pantalon; It. 
pantalone — Pantaleone (Gr., "all-lion"), patron 
saint of Venice.] 

PANTASOTE (pan'ta-sot), w. Imitation leather. 
[PANTA-, and Gr. soter, preserver.] 

PANTHEISM (pan'the-izm), n. Doctrine that 
nature or the universe is God. [PAN- and 
THEISM.] 

PANTHEIST (pan'the-ist), n. Believer in pan- 
theism. 

PANTHEISTIC (pan-the-is'tik), PANTHEISTIC- 
AL (pan-the-is'tik-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to pantheism or pantheists. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn., 



PANTHEON 



798 



PAPYROGRAPH 




Pantograph. 



PANTHEON (pan'the-on), n. 1. Certain tem- 
ple in Rome. 2. Temple dedicated to all the 
gods. 3. [p-] Complete mythology. [Gr. pan, 
all, and theos, god.] 

PANTHER (pan'ther), n. 1. Fierce, spotted, 
carnivorous quadruped, found in Asia and 
Africa. 2. In America, mountain-lion; jag- 
uar; puma. [Fr. panihere — L. panthera — Gr. 
panther.] 

PANTO-, prefix. Same as PAN-. 

PANTOGRAPH (pan'to-graf), n. Instrument for 
copying drawings, espe- 
cially on a different scale 
from the original. [PANTO- 
and -GRAPH.] 

PANTOMI3IE (pan'to-mim), 
n. 1. One who expresses 
his meaning hy mute action. 2. Representa- 
tion or entertainment in dumb-show. [Fr. — 
L. pantomimus — Gr. pantomimos, imitator 
of all — pas, pantos, all, and mimos, imitator.] 

PANTOMIMIST (pan'to-mi-mist), n. Actor in 
a pantomime. 

PANTRY (pan'tri), n. Room or closet for pro- 
visions. [Fr. paneterie; L. panis, bread.] 

PANTS, n.pl. Abbrev. from PANTALOONS. 

PAP (pap), n. 1. Soft food for infants. 2. Pulp 
of fruit. 3. Support or nourishment. 4. Nipple ; 
teat. [Sw. papp — L. Ger. pap — Dan. pap, pap, 
breast.] 

PAPA (pa-pa' or pa/pa), n. Father. [A redupli- 
cation of one of the first utterances of a child.] 

PAPACY (papa-si), n. 1. Office or authority of 
the Pope. 2. Popes collectively. 3. Roman 
Catholic religion. [L. L»papatia—papa, father.] 

PAPAL (pa'pal), o. Belonging or relating to the 
Pope, papacy, or the Roman Catholic Church. 

PAPAW (pa-pa'), n. 1. Tropical tree of the 
genus Carica, or its edible fruit; papaya. 2. 
Same as PAWTAW. 

PAPAYA (pa-pa'ya), n. Fruit of 
tropical American tree; papaw. 

PAPER (paper), I. n. 1. 3Iaterial 
made in thin sheets from a pulp 
of rags, straw, wood, etc. 2. 
Piece of paper. 3. Document. 
4. Newspaper. 5. Essay or 
literary contribution, generally 



brief. 6. Paper-hangings. 7. 
Negotiable instrument. 8. Pack- 
age contained in a paper wrap- 
ping. II. a. Consisting or made 
of paper. [From PAPYRUS.] 

PAPER (paper), vt. [pr.p. PAPER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PAPERED 
(pa'perd).] 1. Cover with paper; 
as, paper a wall. 2. Fold in a 
paper. 3. Treat in any way by Papaya (Car- 
means of paper. icapapaya). 

PAPER-HANGER (pa'per-hang-er), n. One who 
covers or decorates walls or other surfaces 
with wall-paper. 

PAPER-HANGING (pa'per-hang-ing), n. 1. 




The covering or decorating with wall or other 
ornamental paper. 2. [pi.] Decorative or 
other paper used to cover walls, ceilings or 
other surfaces. 

PAPERING (pa'per-ing), n. 1. Operation of 
covering or hanging with paper. 2. Paper 
itself. 

PAPER-KNIFE (pa'per-nif), n. [pi. PAPER- 
KNIVES (pa'per-nivz).] Thin flat blade of 
ivory, etc., for cutting open the leaves of 
books and other folded papers. 

PAPER-MARBLER(pa'per-mar-bler), n. Work- 
er at paper-marbling; marker of marbledpaper. 

PAPER-MTJSLLN (pa'per-muz-lin), n. Glazed 
muslin for dress linings, etc. 

PAPER-NAUTILUS (pa'per-na-ti-lus), n. The 
argonaut, a mollusk of the genus Nautilus. 

PAPETERIE (pa-pe-tre'), n. Case containing 
paper and other materials to be used for 
writing. [Fr.] 

PAPIER-MACHE (pa-pya-ma-sha'), n. Pulped 
. paper, molded into forms and japanned. 
[Fr., paper mashed.] 

PAPILLA (pa-pil'a), n. [pi. PAPILLA.] 1. One 
of the minute elevations on the skin, especially 
on the upper surface of the tongue and on the 
tips of the fingers, in which the nerves ter- 
minate. 2. Nipple-like protuberance. [L.J 

PAPILLAR (pap'i-lar), a. Like a papilla. 

PAPILLARY (pap'i-la-ri), PAPILLOSE (pap'i- 
16s), a. Of or pertaining to the papillae. 

PAPILLOTE (pap'i-lot), n. Curl paper. [O. Fr., 
little butterfly.] 

PAPIST (pa'pist), n. Adherent of the papacy. 

PAPISTICAL ( pa-pis tik-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to the papacy. 

PAPOOSE, PAPPOOSE (pap-os'), n. N. Ameri- 
can Indian baby. 

PAPPUS (pap'us), n. Downy excrescence, as 
on the seeds of 
the dandelion. [L„ 
old man, gray 
hair.] 

PAPRIKA (pa- 
pre'ka), n. Pods 
of a mild and not 
too pungent red pepper ( Capsicum annuum), 
ground into a fine powder, and used with food 
as a condiment; also spelled Paprica. [Hung. 
paprika, Turkish pepper.] 

PAPUA (pap'o-ii), n. Terri- 
tory of the commonwealth 
of Australia, southeast part 
of island of New Guinea. 
Area 90,540 sq. m. 

Papuan (papo-an), i. a. 

Of or pertaining to Papua. 
II. n. One of a native race 
of pigmies inhabiting Pap- 
ua, New Guinea. Papuan. 
PAPYROGRAPH (pa-pi' ro-graf), n. Device 
by which one or more copies of printed or 
written matter are produced simultaneously. 




Paprika peppers ( Capsicum 
annuum). 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u-u in 'Scotch yude; oil, owl, c/ien, )&.h.=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



1 



PAPYRUS 



?99 



PARAKITE 1 




Papyrus 

(Caperus 
papyrus). 



PAPYRUS (pa-pi'rus), n. [pi. PAPYRI (pa-pi'ri).] 
1. Egyptian reed, from the inner 
rind (called byblos), of which the 
ancients made their paper. 2. 
Manuscript on papyrus. [Gr. pa- 
pyros.] 

PAR (par), n. Equal value; equality 
of nominal and market value; 
equality of condition. — At par, 
at the face value; at neither a dis- 
count nor a premium. [L. par, 
equal.] 

PARA (pa-ra')» n. Atlantic seaport 
in Brazil whence large quantities of 
India-rubber are exported. 

PARABLE (par'a-bl), n. Fable or 
allegory in which some fact or 
doctrine is illustrated. [Gr. parabola — para, 
beside, and ballo, throw.] 

PARABOLA (par-ab'o-la), n. Conic section 
formed by the intersection of the cone with 
a plane parallel to one of its sides. [Gr. See 
PARABLE.] 

PARABOLIC (par-a-bol'ik), PARABOLICAL 
(par-a-bol'ik-al), o. 
Belonging to, or of 
the form of, a para- 
bola. 

PARACHUTE (par'- 
a-shot), n. 1. Ap- 
paratus for descend- 
ing safely from a 
balloon or flying 
machine. Cut shows 
a parachute hood 
closed and open on 
an aeroplane. 2. Pa- 
tagium. [Fr. parer, 
guard against, and 
chute, fall.] 

PARACLETE (par'a-klet), n. Comforter; Holy 
Spirit. [Gr. parakletos.] 

PARACME (par-ak'me), n. Biol. Decadence 
of an evolutionary series of organisms after 
reaching its highest point of development. 
[Gr. para, beside, and akme", point.] 

PARADE (pa-rad'), n. 1. Arrangement of troops 
for display or inspection. 2. Place where such 
a display takes place. 3. Public procession. 
4. Pompous display. [Fr. — Sp. parada — 
parar, halt.] 

SYN. Ostentation; show; pageant. ANT. 
Simplicity; unceremoniousness. 

PARADE (pa-rad'), v. [pr.p. PARA 'DING; p.t. 
and p.p. PARA'DED.] I. vt. 1. Show off. 2. 
Marshal in military order. II. vi. 1. Walk 
about as if for show. 2. Pass in military 
order. 3. March in procession. 

PARADIGM (par'a-dim), n. Illustration; espe- 
cially in grammar, model of the inflection 
of a particular class of words. [Gr. para- 
deigma — para, beside, and deiknymi, show.] 

PARADISE (par'a-dis), n. 1. Garden of Eden. 




Parachute Safety Hood. 



2. Heaven; any place or state of blissful de- 
lights. — Bird of paradise, Eastern bird closely 
allied to the crow, remarkable for the splendor 
of its plumage. See cut under BIRD. [Gr. 
paradeisos, park.] 

SYN. Eden; ecstasy; bliss; elysium. 

PARADISIAC (par-a-dis'i-ak), PARADISIA- 
CAL (par-a-di-si'a-kal), a. Of or pertaining 
to paradise. 

PARADOX (par'a-doks), n. 1. That which is 
contrary to received opinion. 2. That which 
is apparently absurd but really true. [Gr. para, 
contrary to, and doxa, opinion.] 

PARADOXICAL (par-a-doks'ik-aD, a. 1. Of 
the nature of a paradox. 2. Inclined to para- 
doxes. 

PARADOXICALLY (par-a-doks'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a paradoxical manner. 

PARAFFINE, PARAFFIN (par'af-fin), n. Wax- 
like substance, obtained from coal-tar, petro- 
leum, etc. [L. parum, too little, and aflinis, 
allied (because of its chemical inactivity).] 

PARAGOGE (par-a-gd'je), n. Unmeaning 
lengthening of a word or syllable, as tyran-t 
for tyran, without-en for without. [Gr. para, 
beyond, and ago, lead.] 

PARAGON (par'a-gon), n. Pattern of perfec- 
tion ; model of excellence. [O. Fr.] 

PARAGRAPH (par'a-graf), n. 1. Distinct part 
of a discourse or writing. 2. Short article in a 
newspaper. 3. Mark (t), used to denote the 
beginning of a paragraph, or as a reference 
mark. [Gr. paragraphos, line drawn in the 
margin — para, beside, and grapho, write.] 

PARAGRAPH (par'a-graf), vt. [pr.p. PARA- 
GRAPHING; p.t. and p.p. PARAGRAPHED 
(par'a-graf t).] 1. Mark in the margin. 2. 
Form into paragraphs. 3. Mention in a para- 
graph. 

PARAGRAPHER (par'a-graf-er), w. One who 
writes in paragraphs, especially for news- 
papers. 

PARAGRAPHIC (par-a-graf'ik), PARAGRAPH- 
ICAL (par-a-graf'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
paragraph. 2. Consisting of paragraphs. 

PARAGRAPHICALLY ( par-a-graf'ik-al -i), adv. 
By, or in, paragraphs. 

PARAGRAPHIST (par'a- 
graf-ist), n. Paragrapher. 

Paraguay (par'a-gwa or 

pa-ra-gwi'), n. Inland re- 
public, South America. Area 
92,000 sq. m. 

Paraguayan n. (par'a- 

gwa-an), n. Native or in- 
habitant of Paraguay. 

PARAKINESIS (par-a-ki-ne'- 
sis), n. Disordered motor 
function. [Gr. para, beside, 
and kineo, move.] 

PARAKITE (par'a-kit), n. Tandem kite used 
to take meteorological observations in high 
altitudes [Gr. para, beside, and KITE.] 



( 




Juan Ezquarra, 
president of Para- 
guay from 1902- 
1906. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



' 



PARALLACTIC 



800 



PARASOL 



PARALLACTIC (par-a-lak'tik), PARALLAC- 
TIC AL (par-a-lak'tik-al), a. Pertaining to a 
parallax. 

PARALLAX (par'a-laks), n. 1. Apparent 
change in the position of an object caused by 
change of position in the observer. 2. Astron. 
Apparent difference in the position of a celes- 
tial object, as observed from different points 
of view. [Gr. parallaxis, deviation — para, 
beside, and allassd, change.] 

PARALLEL (par a-lel), I. a. 1. Extended in the 
same direction and equidistant in all parts. 
2. With the same direction or tendency; 
running in accordance with. 3. Resembling 
in all essential points; like; similar. II. n. 1. 
Line always equidistant from another. 2. Line 
marking latitude. 3. Likeness. 4. Compari- 
son. 5. Counterpart. 6. Trench dug parallel 
with the outline of the fortress. 7. Mark 
(II), denoting a reference. [Gr. parallelos — 
para, beside, and allelon, of one another.] 

PARALLEL (par'a-lel), vt. [pr.p. PAR'ALLEL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PARALLELED (par'a-leld).] 
1. Place so as to be parallel. 2. Make to cor- 
respond to. 3. Compare with. 4. Furnish an 
equal to; match. 

PARALLELEPIPED (par-a-lel-e-pi'ped), n. 
Regular solid bounded by six plane parallel 
surfaces. [Gr. parallelos, and epipedon, plane 
surface.] 

PARALLELISM (par'a-lel-izm), n. State of be- , 
ing parallel. 

PARALLELISTIC (par-a-lel-is'tlk), a. Of the 
nature of, or involving parallelism. 

PARALLELLY (par/a-lel-i), adv. In a parallel 
manner. 

PARALLELOGRAM (par-a-lel'o-gram), n. Plane 
four-sided figure, the opposite sides of which 
are parallel and equal. [Gr. paralUlos, paral- 
lel, and gramma, line.] 

PARALOGISM (par-al'o-jizm), n. Error in 
reasoning. [Gr. paralogismos, reasoning false- 

ly.l 

PARALYSIS (par-al'i-sis), n. Loss of the power 

of motion or sensation in any part of the body; 

palsy. [Gr. para, beside, and lyd, loosen.] 
PARALYTIC (par-a-lit'ik), I. a. Afflicted with 

or inclined to paralysis. II. n. One affected 

with paralysis. 
PARAL YZE (par'a-liz), vt. [pr.p. PAR'ALYZING ; 

p.t. and p.p. PARALYZED (par'a-lizd).] 1. 

Strike with paralysis or palsy. 2. Make useless. 
PARA3IOUNT (par'a-mownt), a. Superior to all 

others. [O. Fr. par amont, by that which is at 

the top.l 

SYN. Chief; principal; supreme; superior; 

pre-eminent. ANT. Subordinate; minor; 

inferior; secondary. 
PARAMOUR (par'a-raor), n. Lover (now used 

in a bad sense). [Fr., by love.] 
PARANOIA (par-a-noi'a), n. Form of mono- 
mania presenting systematized delusions. 

[Gr. para, beside, and noeo, think.] 



PARANOIAC (par-a-noi'ak), n. Person affected 
with paranoia. 

PARANTHELION (par-ant-he'li-on), n. Diffuse 
whitish image of the sun, having the same 
altitude, at an angular distance of about 120° 
due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. 
[Gr. para, beside, anti, against, and hdlios, sun.] 

PARAPEPTONE (par-a-pep'ton), n. Chem. 
Proteid compound formed in gastric digestion; 
acid albumin. [Gr. para, beside, and PEP- 
TONE.] 

PARAPET (par'a-pet), n. Rampart breast-high; 
breast-high wall on a bridge, etc. [It. parare, 
protect, and petto, breast.] 

PARAPETED (par'a-pet-ed), a. Furnished with 
a parapet or parapets. 

PARAPH (par'af), n. Mark or flourish under, 
or at the end of, one's signature, used as a 
protection against forgery. [Fr. paraphe — Gr. 
para, beside, and grapho, write.] 

PARAPH (par'af), vt. [pr.p. PARAPHING; p.t. 
and p.p. PARAPHED (par'aft).] 1. Add a 
paraph to. 2. Sign with the initials. 

PARAPHASIA (par-a-fa'zi-a), n. Pathological 
inability to connect ideas with the proper 
words to express them; form of aphasia. [Gr. 
para, beside, and phasis, speech.] 

PARAPHERNALIA (par-a-fer-na'li-a), n.pl. 
Ornaments of dress; trappings; equipments. 
[L. parapherna — Gr. para, beyond, and phernS* 
dowry.] 

PARAPHRASE (par'a-fraz), v. [pr.p. PARA- 
PHRASING; p.t. and p.p. PARAPHRASED 
(par'a-frazd).] I. vt. Say the same thing as in 
other words; render more fully; interpret or 
translate freely. II. vi. Make a paraphrase. 
[Gr. paraphrasis — para, beside, and phrazo* 
speak.] 

PARAPHRASE (par'a-fraz), n. 1. Saying of 
the same thing in other words. 2. Explana- 
tion of a passage. 3. Loose or free translation. 

PARAPHRASTIC (par-a-fras'tik), a. Of the 
nature of a paraphrase. 

PARAPLEGIA (par-a-ple'ji-a), n. Paralysis of 
the lower half of the body. [Gr.] 

PARASITE (par'a-sit), n. 1. 
Hanger-on; toady; syco- 
phant. 2. Plantnourishedby 
the juices of another. 3. 
Animal which lives on an- 
other. [Gr. parasitos — para, 
beside, and sitos, food.] 

PARASITIC (par-a-sit'ik), 
PARASITICAL(par-a-sit'ik- 
al), a. 1. Of the nature of a 
parasite; sycophantic. 2. 
another organism. 

PARASITICALLY (par-a-sit'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
parasitic manner. 

PARASOL (par'a-sol), n. Small umbrella used 
as a sunshade. [Fr. — It. parasole — parare, 
keep off (L. paro, prepare), and sole (L. sol, 
solis), sun.] 




Marine Parasite 
(Oxyrrhis marina). 

Living on or in 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut f burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PARBOIL 



801 



PARK 



PARBOIL (parboil), vt. [pr.p. PARBOILING; 
p.t. and p.p. PARBOILED (par'boild).] Boil 
in part. [Orig., boil thoroughly; Fr. par., 
through, mistaken for part.] 

PARBUCKLE (par'buk-1), n. Double sling made 
of a rope for moving a cask on an inclined 
plane. 

PARC^ (par'se), n.pl. The three Fates. See 
FATES. 

PARCEL (par'sel), n. 1. Portion; quantity. 2. 
Package. [Fr. parcelle; L. particular dim. of 
pars, part.] 

PARCEL (par'sel), vt. [pr.p. PAR'CELING; p.t. 
and p.p. PARCELED (par'seld).] Divide into 
portions. 

PARCELS-POST (par'selz-post), PARCEL- 
POST (par'sel-post), n. Receipt, transmission 
and delivery of small packages and parcels, up 
to a restricted weight, by the post-office de- 
partment of a government. 

PARCENARY (par'sen-a-ri), n. Coheirship. 

PARCENER (par'sen-er), n. Coheir. [Norm. 
Fr. parcenier — L. pars, part.] 

PARCH (parch), v. {pr.p. PARCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. PARCHED (parcht).] I. vt. 1. Dry up. 2. 
Scorch. II. vi. 1. Become very dry. 2. Be- 
come scorched. 

PARCHMENT (parch'ment), n. Skin of a sheep 
or goat, etc., prepared for writing on. [Fr. 
parchemin — L. pergamena (charta, paper); 
from Gr. Pergamon, in Asia Minor, where it 
was invented.] 

PARD (pard), n. 1. Panther; leopard. 2. In 
poetry, any spotted animal. [Gr. pardos.] 

PARDON (par'dn), vt. [pr.p. PARDONING; p.t. 
and p.p. PARDONED (par'dnd).] Forgive; 
excuse; remit the penalty of. [L. per-, for-, 
and dono, give.] 

SYN. Condone; absolve; remit. 

PARDON (par'dn), «. 1. Forgiveness, either of 
an offender or of his offense. 2. Remission 
of a penalty or punishment. 3. Warrant de- 
claring a pardon. 

PARDONABLE (par'dn-a-bl), a. That may be 
pardoned; excusable. 

PARDON-BOARD (par'dn-bord), n. Body of 
government officials clothed with the power 
to investigate and recommend applications 
for the pardon of criminals. 

PARE (par), vt. [pr.p. PAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PARED (pard).] 1. Cut or shave off the sur- 
face, rind, etc., of. 2. Diminish little by little. 
[Fr. parer — L. paro, prepare.] 

PAREGORIC (par-e-gor'ik)» n. Medicine that 
assuages pain; tincture of opium. [L. — Gr. 
paregored, soothe, encourage.] 

PARENT (par'ent), I. n. 1. Father or mother. 
2. That which produces; cause. II. a. Per- 
taining to source or origin of parentage; 
original, as parent company or parent organi- 
zation. [L. parens, pario, beget.] 

PARENTAGE (par'ent-aj), n. 1. Birth; extrac- 
tion; descent. 2. State of being a parent. 



PARENTAL (pa-ren'tal), a. Pertaining to or 
becoming to parents; affectionate; tender. 

PARENTALITY (par-en-tal'i-ti), n. Condition 
of being a parent. 

PARENTALLY (pa-ren'tal-i), adv. Like a 
parent. 

PARENTHESIS (pa-ren'the-sis), n. [pi. PAREN- 
THESES (pa-ren'the-sez).] 1. Word, phrase, 
or sentence put in or inserted in another 
sentence grammatically complete without it. 

2. One of the two marks () used to show this. 
[Gr. para, beside, en, in, and thesis, placing.] 

PARENTHETIC (par-en-thet'ik), PAREN- 
THETICAL (par-en-thet'ik-al), a. Expressed 
in a parenthesis; using parentheses. 

PARENTHETICALLY (par-en-thet'ik-al-i), adv. 
In manner or form of a parenthesis. 

PARESIS (par'e-sis), n. General motor paralysis. 
[Gr. para, beside, and hiSmi, relax.] 

PARHELION ( par-he 'li-un), n. [pi. PARHELIA 
(par-he'li-a).] Bright light sometimes seen 
near the sun; mock sun. [Gr. para, beside, 
near, and hSlios, sun.] 

PARIAH (pa'ri-a), n. In Hindustan, one who 
has lost his caste; an outcast anywhere. 
[Tamil.] 

PARIAN (pa/ri-an), a. Of Paros, island in the 
^Egean Sea, where a fine white marble is 
found, commonly known as Parian marble. 

PaRICELINUS THOBURNI (par-i-se-li'nus th6- 
burn'i). An elon- 
gate mail- 
cheeked fish of 
the Oregon coast 
with spinous 
head ; related to the sculpin. 

PARIETAL (pa-ri'e-tal), a. 1. Pertaining to 
walls. 2. Anat. Forming the sides or walls. 

3. Bot. Growing from the inner lining or wall 
of another organ. [L. paries, wall.] 

PARING (paring), n. That which is pared off; 
rind. 

PARIS (par'is; Fr. pa-re'), n. Capital of France, 
on the Seine. 

PARIS (pa'ris or par'is), n. Greek Myth. Son of 
Priam, king of Troy; under the inspiration 
of Venus, to whom he had awarded the golden 
apple of supreme beauty; he eloped with Helen 
the wife of Menelaus, king of Sparta, and this 
gave rise to the Trojan war; he fell during or 
after the siege. 

PARISH (parish), I. n. 1. District under one 
pastor. 2. Ecclesiastical district having 
officers of its own and supporting its own poor. 
3. In Louisiana, county. II. a. Belonging or 
relating to a parish; employed or supported 
by the parish. [Gr. paroikia, neighborhood — 
para, near, and oikos, dwelling.] 

PARISHIONER (pa-rish'un-er), n. One who 
belongs to or is connected with a parish. 

PARITY (par'i-ti), n. State of being equal; re- 
semblance; analogy. [L.L. paritas — L. par.] 

PARK (park), n. 1. Piece of ground inclosed 




Paricelinus thoburni. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buru, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



PARK 



802 



PARRY 



for recreation,ornament or as a game preserve. 
2. MU. Space in an encampment oc- 
cupied by the artillery, wagons, horses, etc. 
[A. S. pearroc. See PADDOCK.] 

PARK (park), vt. [pr.p. PARKING; p.t. and p.p. 
PARKED (parkt).] 1. Inclose in a park. 2. 
Bring together in a body, as artillery. 

PARLANCE (par'lans), n. Conversation; idiom 
of conversation; phrase. [Fr. parlant, pr.p. 
of parler, speak.] 

PARLEY (par'li), vi. [pr.p. PARLEYING; p.t. 
and p.p. PARI1YED (par'lid).] 1. Speak with 
another; confer. 2. Treat with an enemy. 
[Fr. parler, speak — L. parabola — Gr. parabolc, 
parable, speech, word. See PARABLE.] 

PARLEY (par'li), n. 1. Discussion of terms; 
oral conference. 2. Prolonged talk or con- 
versation. 

PARLIAMENT (par'li-ment), n. 1. Legislature 
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 
Ireland, consisting of the sovereign, lords, 
and commons. 2. [p-] Meeting for delibera- 
tion. [Fr. parlement — parler, speak.] 

PARLIAMENTARIAN (par-li-men-ta'ri-an), n. 
One versed in parliamentary rules and usages. 

PARLIA3IENTARY (par-li-men'ta-ri), a. 1. 
Pertaining to a parliament. 2. According to 
rules of legislative bodies. 

PARLOR (par'lur), n. 1. In England, sitting- 
room. 2. In the United States, drawing-room. 
[Fr. parloir — parler, speak.] 

PARMA (par 'ma), n. City in Italy. 

PARNASSUS (piir-nas'us), n. Mountain, in 
Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses. Alti- 
tude 8,068 feet. 

PAROCHIAL (pa-ro'ki-al), a. 1. Of or relating 
to a parish. 2. Local. [See PARISH.] 

PARODIST (par'o-dist), n. One who parodies; 
one who writes a parody. 

PARODY (par'o-di), n. [pi. PARODIES (par'o- 
diz).] Caricature of a poem made by apply- 
ing its words and ideas with a burlesque effect. 
[Gr. para, beside, and ode, ode 5 ] 

PARODY (par'o-di), vt. [pr.p. PAR'ODYING; 
p.t. and p.p. PARODIED (par'o-did).] Apply 
in parody. 

PAROL (pa-rol'), a. Law. Given by word of 
mouth ; oral. [See PAROLE.] 

PAROLE (pa-rol'), I. n. 1. Word of honor 
(especially by a prisoner of war, to fulfill cer- 
tain conditions). 2. Daily password in camp 
or garrison. II. a. Given by word of mouth. 
t Fr « — L. parabola, parable, speech, saying. 
See PARABLE.] 

PAROLE (pa-rol'), vt. [pr.p. PAROLING; p.t. 
and p.p. PAROLED (pa-rold').] Release on 
parole. 

PARONOMASIA (par-o-no-ma'zhi-a), n. Pun. 
[Gr. para, beside, and onyma, name.] 

PARONYM (par'o-nim), n. Paronymous word. 

PARONYMOUS (par-on'i-mus), a. 1. Of the 
same origin, as wise, wisdom. 2. Of like 
sound, but different spelling and meaning, as 



all and awl, heir and air. 3. Derived with a 
slight change, as peduncle from L. pedun- 
culus. [Gr. para, beside, and onyma, name.] 
PAROQUET (par'6-ket), n. Parrakeet. [Fr.] 
PAROTID (par-ot'id), I. a. Near the ear. II. 
n. Salivary gland near the ear, discharging 
saliva (in man), opposite the second upper 
molar tooth through a duct which runs hori- 
zontally across the cheek. [Gr. parotis — para, 
near, and ous, ear.] 
PAROXYSM (par'oks-izm), n. 1. Fit of acute 
pain occurring at intervals. 2. Fit of passion. 
3. Sudden violent action. [Gr. para, beyond, 
and oxys, sharp.] 
PAROXYS3IAL (par-oks-iz'mal), a. Pertain- 
ing to or occurring in paroxysms. 
PAROXYTONE (par-oks'i-ton), n. Word having 
the acute accent on the penult. [Gr.paroxy- 
tonos, nearly sharp sound.] 
PARQUET, PARQUETTE (par-kef), I. n. 
Floor space of a thea- 
ter between the or- 
chestra and dress-cir- 
cle. II. a. Made of 
parquetry. [Fr., dim. 
of pare, park.] 
PARQUETRY (par'ket- 
ri), n. Cabinetwork 
or joinery consisting 
of an inlay of figures, 
usually of geometric 
patterns and varie- 
gated colors. [Fr. par- 
queterie.] 
PARRAKEET (par'a-ket), n. Small long-tailed 
parrot. [Sp. periquito, dim. of perico, parrot.] 
PARRICIDAL (par'i-si-dal), a. Pertaining to or 

committing parricide. 
PARRICIDE (par'i-sid), n. 1. Murderer of a 
father or mother. 2. Murder of a parent or 
ancestor. [Fr. — L. parricida for patricida — 
pater, father, and ccedo, slay.] 
PARR-MARKS (par'marks), n.pl. Dark cross- 
bars appearing 
salmon. 
PARROT (par'ut), n. 
with brilliant plu- 
mage and a hooked 
bill, some of them 
remarkable for their 
faculty of imitating 
the human voice, 
speech, laughter,cry- 
ing, etc., and the 
cries or notes of 
other animals. [Fr. 
Perrot, dim. of Pierre, 
Peter.] 
PARRY (par'i), vt. 

[pr.p. PAR'RYING; p.t. and p.p. PARRIED 
(par' id).] 1. Ward or keep off. 2. Turn 
aside. 3. Avoid. [Fr. parer — L. paro, pre- 
pare, in L. L., keep off.] 




Parquetry. 



on the sides of a young 
Tropical climbing bird, 




Parrot. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
xx=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



PARRY 



803 



PARTICULARIZATION 



PARRY (pari), n. [pi. PARRIES (par'iz).] 1. A 
turning aside of a blow or thrust. 2. Defensive 
movement of any kind. 

PARSE (pars), v. [pr.p. PARS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PARSED (parst).] I. vt. Analyze or describe 
grammatically. II. vi. Tell the parts of 
speech of a sentence and their relations. 
[L. pars, part.] 

PARSEE (par'se or par-se'), n. One of the ad- 
herents of the ancient Persian religion in 
India. [Pers. Parsi, Persian.] 

PARSI3IONIOUS (par-si-mo'ni-us), a. Char- 
acterized by parsimony. 

PARSIMONIOUSLY (par-si-mo'ni-us-li), adv. 
In a parsimonious manner. 

PARSIMONIOUSNESS (par-si-mo 'ni-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being parsimonious. 

PARSIMONY (par'si-mo-ni), n. Excessive 
economy. [L. parsitnonia — parco, spare.] 
SYN. Niggardliness ; penuriousness ; spar- 
ingness; stinginess; closeness. 

PARSLEY (pars'li), n. Bright-green pot herb. 
[Fr. persil — A.S. petcrsil. — Gr. petroselinon.] 

PARSNIP (pars'nip), n. Plant with carrot-like 
root, poisonous in its wild state, but edible 
when cultivated. [L. pastinaca.] 

PARSON (par's un), n. Priest; incumbent of a 
parish; clergyman. [O. Fr. persone, parson; 
L. persona, person.] 

PARSONAGE (par'sun-aj), n. Residence of a 
clergyman. 

PART (part), n. 1. Portion, quantity, or num- 
ber making up with others a larger quantity 
or number. 2. Proportional quantity. 3. 
Share; interest. 4. Side or party. 5. Action. 

6. Character assigned to an actor in a play. 

7. One of the melodies of a harmony. 8. [pi.] 
Qualities; talents. — Part of speech, one of 
the eight classes of words. — In good part, 
favorably. [L. pars, partis.] 

SYN. Division; section; piece; concern; 

fraction; moiety; function. ANT. Whole; 

entirety; integrity; body; bulk; totality. 
PART (part), v. [pr.p. PARTING; p.t. and p.p. 

PARTED.] I. vt. 1. Divide. 2. Make into 

parts. 3. Put or keep asunder. II. vi. 1. 

Be separated. 2. Be torn asunder. 3. Give 

way; break. 
PARTAKE (par-tak); v. [pr.p. PARTAKING; 

p.t. PARTOOK (par-tok'); p.p. PARTAKEN 

(par-ta'kn).] I. vt. Have a part in; share. 

II. vi. Participate. [PART and TAKE.] 
PARTAKER (par-ta'ker), n. One who partakes. 
PARTERRE (par-tar') , n. System of flower- 
plots in a garden. [Fr. — L. per terrain, along 

the ground.] 
PARTHENOGENESIS (par-then-o-jen'e-sis), n. 

Biol. Generation by means of unfertilized 

eggs, seeds, or spores. [Gr. parthenos, virgin, 

and GENESIS.] 
PARTHENON (piir'then-on), n. Temple of 

Athene Parthenos, virgin goddess of wisdom, 

on the acropolis at Athens. 



PARTHENOPE (par-then'6-pe), n. Greek 
Myth. A Siren who cast herself in the Bay 
of Naples owing to her unrequited love for 
Ulysses. Parthenope was the ancient name 
of Naples. 

PARTI- (par'ti), a. Same as PARTY, a. 

PARTIAL (par'shal), a. 1. Relating to a part 
only; not total or entire. 2. Inclined to favor 
one party; having a preference. [Fr. — L.L. 
partialis — L. pars, part.] 

PARTIALITY (par-shi-al'i-ti), n. [pi. PARTIAL- 
ITIES (par-shi-al'i-tiz).] 1. Quality of being 
partial or inclined to favor one party or side. 
2. Liking for one thing more than others. 

PARTIALLY (par'shal-i), adv. 1. In part; not 
totally; partly. 2. With partiality. 

PARTICIPANT (par-tis'i-pant), I. a. Partici- 
pating; sharing. II. n. Partaker. 

PARTICIPATE (par-tis'i-pat), vi. [pr.p. PAR- 
TICIPATING; p.t. and p.p. PARTICIPATED.] 
Partake; have a share. [L. participo — pars, 
part, and capio, take.] 

PARTICIPATION (par-tis-i-pashun), n. Act or 
state of participating in common with others. 

PARTICIPATOR (par-tis'i-pa-tur), n. One who 
participates ; partaker. 

PARTICIPIAL (par-ti-sip'i-al), o. 1. Of the nat- 
ure of a participle. 2. Derived from a parti- 
ciple. 

PARTICIPLE (par'ti-si-pl), n. Word partaking 
of the nature of both adjective and verb. [L. 
participium — particeps, sharing — pars, part, 
and capio, take.] 

PARTICLE (par'ti-kl), n. 1. Little part; very 
small portion. 2. Physics. Minutest part into 
which a body can be divided. 3. Gram. In- 
declinable word, or one not to be used alone. 
[Fr. — L. particula, dim. of pars, partis.] 

SYN. Iota; corpuscle; electron; atom; 
mite ; grain ; jot ; molecule ; scintilla ; shred ; 
scrap; tittle; whit. ANT. Mass; aggrega- 
tion; quantity. 

PARTICULAR (par-tik'u-lar), a. 1. Pertaining 
to a single person or thing; special. 2. Worthy 
of special attention. 3. Concerned with things 
single or distinct; exact. 4. Giving details; 
circumstantial. 5. Nice in taste. [L. L. par- 
ticularism 

SYN. Specific; separate; individual; dis- 
tinguished; precise; peculiar; special; fas- 
tidious. ANT. Universal; general; coarse. 

PARTICULAR (par-tik'u-lar), n. 1. Distinct or 
minute part. 2. Single point. 3. Single in- 
stance. 4. [pi.] Details. 

SYN. Detail; point; feature. ANT. 
Whole; subject; case. 
PARTICULARITY (par-tik-u-lar'i-ti), n. [pi. 
PARTICULARITIES (par-tik-u-lar'i-tiz).] 1. 
Quality of being particular. 2. Minuteness of 
detail. 3. Single act or case. 4. Something 
peculiar. 
PARTICULARIZATION (par-tik-u-lar-i-za'- 
shun), n. Act of particularizing. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



PARTICULARIZE 



804 



PASS 



PARTICULARIZE (par-tlk'u-lar-Iz), v. [pr.p. 
PARTICULARIZING; p.t. and p.p. PAR- 
TICULARIZED (par-tik'u-lar-izd).] I. vt. 
Mention the particulars of; enumerate in 
detail. II. vi. Mention, or attend to, single 
things or minute details. 

PARTICULARLY (par-tik'u-lar-li), adv. 1. In 
a particular manner. 2. Especially; pre- 
eminently. 

PARTICULATE (par-tik'u-lat), a. 1. Having 
the form or nature of a particle. 2. Referring 
to or consisting of particles. 

PARTING (parting), I. a. 1. Putting apart; 
separating. 2. Departing. 3. Given at part- 
ing. II. n. 1. Act of parting. 2. Division. 
3. Geol. Fissure in strata. 

PARTLNTUM (par-tin'i-um), n. Metalliferous 
mineral, containing metal in sufficient pro- 
portion to be profitably extracted. 

PARTISAN (par'ti-zan), I. n. Adherent of a 
party or faction. II. a. Adhering to a party. 
[Fr. — It. partigiano — L. partio.] 

PARTISANSHIP (par'ti-zan-ship), n. State of 
being a partisan; party feeling. 

PARTITE (par'tit), a. 1. Divided into parts. 
2. Hot. Parted nearly to the base; said of a 
leaf. [L. partitus — pars, partis, part.] 

PARTITION (par-tish'un), n. 1. Act of parting 
or dividing. 2. State of being divided. 3. 
Separate part. 4. That which divides; wall 
between apartments. 5. Place where separa- 
tion is made. [L. partitio — partio.] 

PARTITION (par-tish'un), vt. [pr.p. PARTI- 
TIONING; p.t. and p.p. PARTITIONED (par- 
tish'und).] 1. Divide into shares. 2. Divide 
into parts by walls; separate by partitions. 

PARTITIVE (par'ti-tiv), I. a. Parting; divid- 
ing; distributive. II. n. Gram. Word denoting 
a part or partition. 

PARTITIVELY (par'ti-tiv-li), adv. In a partitive 
manner. 

PARTLY (part'li), adv. In part; in some degree. 

PARTNER (partner), n. Associate, especially 
in business. 

SYN. Coadjutor; confederate; compan- 
ion; comrade; partaker; participator; mate; 
assistant; friend; helpmate; associate; col- 
league. ANT. Rival; competitor; opponent. 

PARTNERSHIP (partner-ship), n.. 1. State or 
conditon of being a partner. 2. Association 
of persons for the purpose of business. 

PARTOOK (par-tok'),r.Past tense of PARTAKE. 

PARTRIDGE (par'trij), n. European gallina- 
ceous gamebird. In U. S. 
the ruffed grouse is often 
called partridge. [Fr. per- 
drix — L. perdix, perdicis 
— Gr. perdix.] 

PARTURIENT (par-tu'ri- 
ent), a. About to bring 
forth ; bringing forth ; fruit- 
ful. 




Common Partridge. 



PARTURITION (par-tu-rish'un), n. Act of 



bringing forth. [Fr. — L. L. parturitio — L. par- 
turio.] 

PARTY (par'ti), I. ». [pi. PARTIES (par'tiz).} 
1. Organization of persons to promote cer- 
tain principles or measures. 2. Company 
met for a particular purpose, especially for 
amusement or entertainment; an assembly. 
3. One concerned in any affair. 4. Single in- 
dividual spoken of. 5. Mil. Detachment. II. 
a. 1. Belonging to a party. 2. Consisting of 
different parties, parts, or things. [Fr. partie 
— O. Fr. partir — L. partio, divide; from pars, 
part.] 

PARTY-COLORED (par'ti-kul-urd), a. Colored 
differently in different parts. 

PARTY- WALL (par'ti-wal), n. Wall upon the 
dividing line between two premises, which 
each owner has a right to use for supporting 
his structure, etc. 

PARVENU (par've-nu), n. Upstart; one newly 
risen into notice or power. [Fr.] 

PASCH (pask), n. Jewish Passover; Christian 
Easter. [Gr. pascha — Heb. pdsaeh, pass over.] 

PASCHAL (pas'kal), a. Pertaining to the Pass- 
over, or to Easter. 

PASHA, PACHA (pa-sha' or pasha), n. Title of 
Turkish officers who are governors of prov- 
inces or hold high naval and military com- 
mands. [Pers. basha — padshah — pad, pro- 
tecting, and shah, king.] 

PASHALIC (pa-sha'lik), n. Jurisdiction of a 
pasha. 

PASIPHAE (pa-sif a-e), n. Greek Myth. Wife of 
3Iinos, king of Crete, and mother of Ariadne. 

PASQUIN (pas'kwin), n. Satire; lampoon. [It. 
pasquino, from the name of a witty Roman, 
transferred to a mutilated statue, on which 
satires were pasted.] 

PASQUINADE ( pas-kwin-ad'), n. Lampoon; 
pasquin. 

PASQUINADE (pas-kwin-ad), vt. [pr.p. PAS- 
QUINA'DING; p.t. and p.p. PASQUINA'DED.] 
Lampoon. 

PASS (pas), v. [pr.p. PASS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PASSED (past) or PAST.] I. vi. l.Movefromone 
place to another. 2. Change from one state 
to another. 3. Circulate; be regarded. 4. Go 
by; go unheeded or neglected; elapse, as time; 
move away; disappear; come to an end. 5. Go 
through inspection; be approved; be tolerated. 
6. Happen. 7. Fall, as by inheritance. 8. 
Thrust, as with a sword. 9. Decline to play 
a card, etc., in one's turn. II. vt. 1. Go by, 
over, beyond, through, etc. 2. Spend. 3. 
Omit; disregard. 4. Surpass. 5. Enact. 6. 
Cause to move; send; transfer. 7. Give forth. 
8. Approve. 9. Give circulation to. 10. 
Thrust. — Come td pass, happen. [L. passus, 
step.] 

PASS (pas), n. 1. That through which one 
passes; narrow passage; narrow defile. 2. 
Passport. 3. State or condition. 4. Thrust. 
5. Movement of the hand. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



PASSABLE 



805 



PASSPORT 




PASSABLE (pas a-bl), a. 1. That may be passed, 
traveled, or navigated. 2. That will bear in- 
spection; tolerable. 3. That may be circulated. 

PASSABLY (pas'a-bli), adv. In a passable man- 
ner or degree. 

PASSAGE (pas'aj), n. 1. Act of passing. 2. 
Journey; course. 3. Time occupied in passing. 
4. Way; entrance; pass; ford. 5. Enactment 
of a law. 6. Right of passing. 7. Occurrence. 
8. Single clause or part of a book, etc. 9. 
Migratory habits. 10. Encounter. 11. Move- 
ment of the bowels. 

PASS-BOOK (pas'bpk), n. Book that passes be- 
tween a trader and his customer in which 
credit purchases are entered. 

PASSE (pas-sa') a. [fern. PASSEE (pas-sa/).] Past; 
out of use; faded. [Fr.] 

PASSEMENTERIE (pas-men-te-re'), n. Trim- 
ming of bead work, jet, etc., used for decora- 
ting dresses. [Fr.] 

PASSENGER (pas'en-jer), n. One who travels 
in some public conveyance. — 
Passenger pigeon, migratory 
wild pigeon of North Ameri- 
ca. [Fr. passager, with 
inserted n, as in mes- 
senger, porringer, night- 
ingale.] 

PASSEPARTOUT (pas- 
par-to'), n. 1. That by 
which one can pass or, 
go anywhere and every- 
where. 2. Engraved or 
otherwise decorated frame surrounding a 
picture, thus forming part of the printed or 
engraved picture itself. 3. Light picture 
frame of glass and cardboard fastened to- 
gether by strips of cloth or paper. 

PASSER (pas'er), n. One who passes. 

PASSER-BY (pas'er-bi), n. One who passes by. 

PaSSERES (pas'er-ez), n.pl. Name given by 
Cuvier to an order of birds including most all 
of the smaller kinds. [L.,pl. of passer, sparrow.] 

PASSERINE (pas'er-in or pas'er-en), o. Re- 
lating to the Passeres, an order of birds of 
which the sparrow is the type. 

PASSIBLE (pas'i-bl), a. Susceptible of suffering, 
or of impressions from external agents. [L. 
passibilis — potior, passus, suffer.] 

PASSIFLORA (pas-i-flo'ra), n. Genus of climb- 
ing herbs or shrubs, the passion-flowers. [L. 
passio, suffering (passion), and flos, floris, 
flower.] 

PASSIM (pas'im), adv. Here and there. [L. 
passus, p.p. of pando, spread.] 

PASSIMETER (pas-sim'e-ter), n. Pocket ped- 
ometer. [L. passus, step, and METER.] 

PASSING (pas'ing), I. a. 1. Going by. 2. Sur- 
passing. II. adv. Exceedingly. 

PASSING-BELL (pas'ing-bel), n. Bell tolled 
immediately after a person's death, originally 
to invoke prayers for the soul passing into 
eternity; funeral bell. 



Passenger Pigeon (Ec- 
topistes migratorius). 



PASSION (pash'un), n. 1. Strong feeling or 
agitation of mind, especially rage. 2. Ardent 
love. 3. Eager desire. 4. State of the soul 
when receiving a strong impression. 5. En- 
durance of an effect, as opposed to ACTION. 
6. Sufferings, especially the death of Christ. 
[L. passio — passus, p.p. of potior, suffer.] 

PASSIONATE (pash'un-at), a. 1. Moved by 
passion. 2. Easily moved to anger. 3. In- 
tense. 

PASSIONATELY (pash'un-at-li), adv. In a 
passionate manner. 

PASSION-FLOWER (pash'un-flow-er), n. Any 
plant or flower of the genus 
Passiflora, so called from 
a fancied resemblance to a 
crown of thorns, the em- 
blem of Christ's sufferings. 

PASSIONLESS (pash'un-les), 
a. 1. Free from passion. 2. 
Tranquil. 

PASSION-PLAY (pash'un-pla) , 
n. Miracle-play embodying 
scenes in the life and Pas- 
sion of Christ, enacted in 
the village of Oberammer- 
gau, near Munich, Bavaria, 
2,760 feet above sea-level in 
the Ammer mountain valley. 
The play lasts twelve weeks 
in the summer time and oc- 
curs once every ten years, 
being held in fulfillment of 
a vow made for deliver- 
ance from a pestilential plague in A. D. 
1834. 

PASSIVE (pas'iv), a. 1. Suffering; unresist- 
ing; not acting. 2. Gram. Expressing in 
words the suffering or enduring of, or sub- 
mission to, an action. 

SYN. Inactive; inert; quiescent; unre- 
sisting; patient; enduring. ANT. Active; 
alert; resistant. 

PASSIVELY (pas'iv-li), adv. In a passive man- 
ner. 

PASSIVENESS (pas'iv-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being passive. 

PASSIVITY (pas-si vi-ti), n. 1. Passiveness; 
inactivity. 2. Physics. Tendency of a body 
to preserve a given state, as motion or rest; 
vis inertia. 

PASS-KEY (pas'ke), n. Key enabling one to pass 
into or enter a house; key for opening several 
locks. 

PASSOVER (pas'6-ver), n. Annual feast of the 
Jews, to celebrate the destroying angel's 
passing over the houses of the Israelites when 
he slew the first-born of the Egyptians. 

PASSPORT (pas'port), n. 1. Written warrant 
granting permission to travel in a foreign 
country. 2. Permission to pass in or out of 
port, or through the gates [Fr. passer, pass, 
and port, harbor.] 




Passion-flower. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute. hut. burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then. kh=c/i in Scotch loch- 



PASSWORD 



£06 



PATCH 



PASSWORD (pas'wurd), n. Private word en- 
abling one to pass or enter a camp, or by 
which a friend is distinguished from a stranger ; 
private word or expression by which the per- 
son using it Is entitled to specific recognition 
and privileges not accorded to those who 
have not the password, used where secrecy is 
observed. 

PAST (past), I. Past participle of PASS. II. c. 
1. Gone by; elapsed; ended. 2. Now retired 
from service. 3. In time already passed. 
III. prep. 1. Farther than; beyond in space 
or time. 2. Out of reach of. 3. No longer 
capable of. IV. adv. By; as, He ran past. 

PAST (past), n. Time or events that have oc- 
curred prior to the present. 

PASTE (past), n. 1. Dough prepared for pies, 
etc. 2. Cement of flour and water. 3. Any- 
thing mixed up to a viscous consistency. 4. 
Kind of glass for making artificial gems. [O. 
Fr. paste — Gr. paste, salted mess of food.] 

PASTE (past), vt. [pr.p. PA'STING; p.t. and p.p. 
PA'STED.l Fasten, unite, affix, or cement 
with paste. 

PASTEBOARD (past'bord), n. Stiff paper board, 
made by pasting together a number of sheets 
of paper; paper above ordinary thickness 
made of compressed paper pulp. 

PASTEL (pas'tel), n. 1. Colored crayon. 2. 
Picture drawn with pastels. [Fr. — L. pas- 
tillus, small loaf, dim. of pastus, food — pasco, 
pastus, feed.] 

PASTER (pa'ster), n. 1. One who pastes. 2, 
Piece of gummed paper containing printed 
matter to be pasted over a name on a ballot, 
or affixed to the margin of a book, etc. 

PASTERN (pas'tern), n. Part of a horse's foot 
from the fetlock to the hoof. [O. Fr. pasturon 
— pasture, pasture, tether.] 

PaSTEURISM (pas'tur-izm), n. Inoculation of 
prepared virus as a preventive and safeguard 
against certain malignant diseases, notably 
hydrophobia. 

Pasteurization (pas-tur-i-za'shun), n. 

Method of arresting the fermentation in 
liquids by heating to at least 140° Fahr. 
[From Louis Pasteur, who first proposed it.] 

Pasteurize (pastur-iz), vt. [pr.p. pas'- 

TEURIZING; p.t. and p.p. PASTEURIZED 
(pas'tur-izd).] 1. Render immune to a dis- 
ease, especially hydrophobia, by the inocula- 
tion of virus. 2. Sterilize. 

PASTIL (pas'til), PASTILLE (pas-teT), n. 1. 
Small cone of charcoal and aromatic sub- 
stances, burnt to perfume a room. 2. Small 
aromatic lozenge. 3. Pastel. [Fr. — L. pastil- 
lus, small loaf; doublet of PASTEL.] 

PASTIME (pas'tim), n. That which serves to 
pass away the time; amusement. 

SYN. Recreation; diversion; sport; en- 
tertainment; play. ANT. Business; labor. 

PASTOR (pas'tur), n. Clergyman; Christian 
minister. [L., shepherd.] 



PASTORAL (pas'tur-al), I. a. 1. Relating to 
shepherds or shepherd life; rustic. 2. Relating 
to the pastor of a church. 3. Addressed to the 
clergy of a diocese. II. n. 1. Poem delinea- 
ting country life. 2. Letter of a pastor to his 
congregation. 

PASTORATE (pas'tur-at), PASTORSHIP (pas'- 
tur-ship), n. Office of a pastor. 

PASTRY (pa'stri), n. 1. Articles of food, chiefly 
of pastry or dough; crust of pies. 2. Act or 
art of making articles of paste. [From PASTE.] 

PASTRYCOOK (pa'stri-kok), n. One whose 
business or occupation is to make pastry. 

PASTURAGE (pas'tur-aj), n. 1. Business of 
feeding cattle. 2. Pasture. 

PASTURE (pas'tur), n. 1. Grass for grazing. 
2. Ground covered with grass for grazing. 
[O. Fr. pasturer — L. pastura — pasco, pastus, 
graze.] 

PASTURE (pas'tur), v. [pr.p. PASTURING; p.t. 
and p.p. PASTURED (pas'turd).] I. vt. Place 
in a pasture; supply with pasture. II. vi. 
Graze. 

PASTY (pa'sti), I. o. Like paste. II. n. [pi. 
PA'STIES.] 1. Meat pie. 2. Pie covered with 
a crust. 

PAT (pat), vt. [pr.p. PAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PATTED.] Strike gently and quickly, as with 
the fingers or hand; tap. [Imitative.] 

PAT (pat), n. Light, quick blow as with the 
hand. 

PAT (pat), n. Small lump, as of butter. [Celt, 
as Ir. pait, lump.] 

PAT (pat), adv. 1. Fitly ; at the right time or place. 
2. Unalterably; firmly; unchangeably. — Stand 
pat, take a firm and unrelenting attitude; 
refuse to modify a position, as in politics. 
[PAT, light, quick blow.] 

PATADEON (pa-ta-da'on), n. Loose cloth worn 
as a skirt by Philippine women. 

PATAGIUM (pa-ta'ji-um), n. [pi. PATAGIA (pa- 
ta'ji-a).] Extensible fold of skin of a flying 
mammal or reptile. [L. L.] 

PATAGONIA (pat-a-go'ni-a), n. Region at 
southern extremity of South 
America. Area 322,550 
sq. m. 

PAT AG ONI AN (pat-a-go'ni- 
an), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Patagonia. II. n. 3Iem- 
ber of aboriginal Indian 
race of Patagonia. 

PATCH, (pach), n. 1. Piece 
sewed or put on. 2. Small 
piece of ground. 3. Piece 
of black silk or court plas- 
ter on the face for adornment. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

PATCH (pach), vt. [pr.p. PATCH TNG; p.t. and 
p.p. PATCHED (pacht).] 1. Mend with a piece. 
2. Repair clumsily. 3. Make up of pieces. 
— Print. Patching up plates, putting on over- 
lays to correct unevenness of plates. 




Patagonian Woman. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch nude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



PATCHOULI 



807 



PATRICIAN 




PATCHOULI (pa-cho'li), n. East-Indian shrub 
(Pogostemon heyneanus), or per- 
fume distilled from it. [Tamil 
— patchei, gum, and elei, leaf.] 

PATCHWORK (pach'wurk), n. 

I. Work formed of patches 
or pieces sewed together. 2. 
Thing patched up or clumsily 
executed. 

PATCHY (pach'i), adv. Full of 

or covered with patches. 
PATE (pat), n. Head; top of the 

head. [O. Fr.] Patchouli. 

PATE (pat), n. Paste applied in ceramics to give 

special glaze and polish. [Fr. pate, paste.] 
PATE (pa-ta/), n. Pie or pasty. — Pate de foies 

gras, pasty made of fattened or enlarged goose- 
livers. [Fr. pate, pie.] 
PATELLA (pa-tel'a), n. [pi. PATEIXiE (pa- 

tel'e).] Knee-cap. [L., dim. of patina, pan.] 
PATEN (pat'en), «. Plate for the bread in the 

Lord's Supper. [L. patina. Cf. Gr. patane.] 
PATENT (pat'ent or patent), I. a. 1. Open; 

conspicuous ; public. 2. Protected by a patent. 

II. n. Official document, conferring the sole 
right for a term of years to the proceeds of 
an invention. [Fr.-^L. patens.] 

PATENT (pat'ent), vt. [pr.p. PATENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PATENTED.] 1. Secure by pat- 
ent. 2. Grant by patent. 

PATENTABLE (pat'ent-a-bl), a= Capable of 
being patented. 

PATENTEE (pat-en-te'), n. One who holds a 
patent. 

PATENTLY (pat'ent-li or pa'tent-li), adv. In a 
patent manner; undoubtedly; self-evidently ; 
unmistakably. 

PATERFAMILIAS (pa-ter-fa-mil'i-as), n. Male 
person head of the household; father of a 
family. [L. pater, father, and familia, family.] 

PATERNAL (pa-ter'nal), a. 1. Fatherly; show- 
ing the disposition of a father. 2. Hereditary. 
[Fr. paterncl — L. pater, father.] 

PATERNALISM (pa-ter'nal-izm), n. Govern- 
mental meddlesomeness in the social and 
personal affairs of the people. 

PATERNALLY (pa-ter'nal-i), adv. In a paternal 
manner; like a father. 

PATERNITY (pa-ter'ni-ti), n. 1. Relation of 
a father to his offspring. 2. Origination; 
authorship. [L. paternitas.) 

PATERNOSTER (pat'er-nos-ter, or pa'ter-nos- 
ter), n. Lord's Prayer. [L., "Our Father," the 
first two words of the Lord's Prayer in Latin.] 

PATH (path), n. [pi. PATHS (paffcz).] 1. Way; 
track; road. 2. Course of action; conduct. 
[A. S. pceth.] 

PATHETIC (pa-thet'ik), I. a. Affecting the 
tender emotions; touching. II. n. Style or 
manner fitted to excite tender or sympathetic 
emotion. [Gr. pathetikos.] 

PATHETICALLY (pa-thet'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
pathetic manner. 



PATHFINDER (path'find-er), n. Pioneer; ex- 
plorer; one who discovers or makes a path- 
way or trail. 

PATHLESS (path'les), a. Without a path; un- 
trodden. 

PATHOGENIC (path-o-jenlk), a. Producing 
disease; pertaining to pathogeny. 

PATHOGENY (pa-thoje-ni), n. Branch of 
pathology which relates to the generation 
and development of diseases. [Gr. pathos, 
suffering, and gennao, produce.] 

PATHOLOGIC (path-o-lojik), PATHOLOG- 
ICAL (path-o-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to pathology. 

PATHOLOGICALLY (path-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a pathologic manner. 

PATHOLOGIST (pa-thol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in pathology. 

PATHOLOGY (pa-thol'o-ji), n. Science of dis- 
eases. [Gr. pathos, suffering, and logos, dis- 
course.] 

PATHOS (pathos), n. That which excites the 
tender emotions, as pity, sorrow, etc. [Gr. 
pathos, suffering, passion.] 

PATHWAY (path'wa), n. 1. Footpath. 2. 
Course of action. 

PATIENCE (pa'shens), n. Quality of calmly 
enduring. [See PATIENT.] 

SYN. Endurance; resignation; submis- 
sion; perseverance. 

PATIENT (pa'shent), I. a. 1. Sustaining pain, 
etc., without repining. 2. Not easily pro- 
voked. 3. Persevering. 4. Expecting with 
calmness. II. n. I. One who bears or suffers. 
2. Person under medical treatment. [L. 
patiens (-entis), pr.p. of patior, bear.] 

PATIENTLY (pa'shent-li), adv. In a patient 
manner. 

PATLY (pat'li), adv. In a pat manner; fitly; 
exactly ; appropriately. 

PATNESS (pat'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
pat. 

PATOIS (pa-twa), n. Provincial dialect. [Fr. — 
O. Fr. patrois — L. patriensis, native.] 

PATRIARCH (pa'tri-ark), n. 1. One who gov- 
erns his family or tribe by paternal right. 2. 
In Eastern churches, a dignitary superior to 
an archbishop. [Gr. patriarches — patria, lin- 
eage, and archos, ruler.] 

PATRIARCHAL (pa-tri-arkal), PATRIAR- 
CHIC (pa-tri-ar'kik), a. 1. Belonging or 
subject to a patriarch. 2. Of the nature of a 
patriarch. 

PATRIARCHISM (pa'tri-ark-izm), n. Govern- 
ment by a patriarch. 

PATRIARCHY (patri-ark-i), n. Community of 
related families under the authority of a 
patriarch. 

PATRICIAN (pa-trish'an), I. n. Nobleman in 
ancient Rome, being a descendant of the first 
Roman senators ; nobleman. II. a. Pertain- 
ing to a patrician or nobleman; noble. [L. 
patricius — pater, father.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii = u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA iu Scotch loch. 



PATRICIDAL 



808 



PAULIST 



PATRICIDAL (pat'ri-sl-dal), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to patricide. 

PATRICIDE (pat'rl-sid), n. 1. Murder of a 
father. 2. Murderer of a father. 

PATRIMONIAL (pat-rl-mo'ni-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to a patrimony. 2. Inherited from 
ancestors. 

PATRIMONIALLY (pat-ri-mo'ni-al-i), adv. By 
way of patrimony; by inheritance. 

PATRIMONY (pat'ri-mo-ni), n. [pi. PATRI- 
MONIES (pat'rl-mo-niz).] 1. Right or estate 
inherited from a father or one's ancestors. 2. 
In England, church estate or revenue. [L. 
patrlmonlum.] 

PATRIOT (pa'tri-ut), n. One who loves and 
serves his country. [Gr. patrio'te's, fellow- 
countryman.] 

PATRIOTIC (pa-tri-ot'ik), a. Like a patriot; 
actuated by love of one's country. 

PATRIOTICALLY (pa-trl-ot'ik-al-i), adv. In 
a patriotic manner. 

PATRIOTIS3I (pa'tri-ut-izm), n. Quality of 
being patriotic; love of one's country. 

PATRISTIC (pa-tris'tik), PATRISTIC AL (pa- 
trls'tik-al), a. Pertaining to patristics, or to 
the fathers of the Christian church. 

PATRISTICS (pa-trls'tlks), n. Branch of theol- 
ogy which treats of, or is based on, the doc- 
trines of the Christian fathers. [Fr. patria- 
tlque — L. pater, patris, father.] 

PaTROCLTJS (pa-tro'klus), n. Greek Legend. 
Friend and companion of Achilles. Slain In 
battle by Hector. 

PATROL (pa-trol), v. [pr.p. PATROL'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. PATROLLED (pa-trold').] I. vt. 
Go round or over with the object of guarding 
or watching. II. vi. Go the rounds, as a patrol 
or guard. [Fr. patrouiller, march in the mud.] 

PATROL (pa-trol'), n. 1. Act of patrolling. 2. 
Guard or men who make a patrol. 3. Patrol- 
wagon. 

PATROLMAN (pa-trol'man), n. [pi. PATROL'- 
MEN.] Policeman or policemen serving as a 
patrol. 

PATROL- WAGON (pa-trol 'wag-n), n. 1. Wagon 
used by police of- 
ficers to convey ar- 
rested persons to 
the police stations. 
2. Wagon used by 
Insurance compa- 
nies to carry salvage 
corps of men to fires. Patrol-wagon. 

PATRON (pa'trun or pat'run), n. Protector; one 
who patronizes or countenances. [L. patronus 
— pater, father.] 

PATRONAGE (pat'run-aj or pa'trun-aj), n. 1. 
Support of a patron. 2. Guardianship. 3. 
Right of bestowing offices, privileges, or (in 
England) church benefices. 4. Custom, sup- 
port or traffic bestowed upon another. 

PATRONESS (pa'trun-es or pat'run-es), n. 
Feminine of PATRON. 




PATRONIZE (pat'run-iz or pa'trun-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
PATRONIZING; p.t. and p.p. PATRONIZED 
(pat'run-izd) .] Act as patron toward ; support ; 
assume the air of a patron to; trade with; be 
a customer of. 

PATRONIZER (pat'run-I-zer), n. One who pat- 
ronizes. 

PATRONIZING (pat'run-I-zlng)» o. Condescend- 
ingly favorable. 

PATRONIZINGLY (pat'run-i-zing-11), adv. In a 
patronizing manner. 

PATRONYMIC (pat-ro-nim'ik), I. a. Derived 
from the name of a father or ancestor. II. n. 
Name taken from one's father or ancestor. 
[Gr. pater, father, and onyma, name.] 

PATROON (pa-tron'), n. Grantee of landed 
property with special privileges under the old 
Dutch government of New Netherlands, now 
New York. [Dut. patroon, protector.] 

PATROONSHIP (pa-tron'ship), n. Position or 
lands of a patroon. 

PATTEN (pat'en), n. 1. Shoe with thick wooden 
sole; clog. 2. Base of a pillar. [Fr. patin, 
skate, clog — patte, paw.] 

PATTER (pater), vi. [pr.p. PAT'TERING; p.t, 
and p.p. PATTERED (pat'erd).] Strike with 
a quick succession of slight sounds, as hail. 
[A freq. of PAT.] 

PATTER (pater), n. Quick succession of slight 
sounds; as, the patter of the rain; glib, rapid 
talk. 

PATTERN (pat'ern), n. 1. Person or thing to 
be copied; 
model; ex- 
ample. 2. 
Style of or- 
namental 
work. — 
Zoellner's 
pattern, a 
curious op- 
tical illu- 
sion, consisting of parallel lines that seem 
not parallel on account of slanting intersect- 
ing lines. [Fr. patron.] 

PATTERN (pat'ern), vt. [pr.p. PATTERNING; 
p.t. and p.p. PATTERNED (pat'ernd).] Make 
in imitation of a pattern, model, or design; 
copy. 

PATTY (pat'i), n. Little pie. [Fr. pate.] 

PATTY-CAKE (pat'i-kak), n. Game played with 
a little child by patting, rolling and tossing 
in the oven an imaginary cake. [PAT, A, and 
CAKE, but perhaps originally with double 
meaning PATTY-CAKE, PATTY — Fr. pate.] 

PAUCITY (pa'si-ti), n. Smallness of number or 
quantity. [L. paucitas — pauci, few.] 

PAULIST (pal'ist), n. Member of the Institute 
of Missionary Priests of St. Paul the Apostle, 
a congregation commonly called Paulist 
Fathers, founded in New York in 1858, by the 
Rev. I. T. Hecker, with the sanction of Pope 
Pius IX. 



r^VW, V V V V V 


. V "V \ , >■ V \ r- 


■ X X XX \\ N. 


^\\\\\\ 


M <f ./ -^flf-JT X^S J 


• s s . s y y ^ 


vv r ////// 




■V V V V V V V V 




\\\\\\\' 


^■V\ X S N >? 


s * r* '-A,y ,y /i 


+ * ' *• z?S jfi 


j* s'^rjrjryrjrj, 


y///// 1 



Zoellner's Pattern. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
a=u ta Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, ka=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



PAULOWNIA 



809 



PEACE 




PAULOWNIA (pa-16'ni-a), n. Tree of the genus 
Paulo wnia, bearing a rich 
purple flower, the only 
known species being found in 
Japan. [So called after Anna 
Paulowtia, daughter of Czar 
Paul I. of Russia.] 

PAUNCH (panch or panch), n. 
1. Abdomen. 2. First and 
largest stomach of a rumi- 
nant. [O. Fr. panche — L. pan- 
tex.] Paulownia (Pau- 

PAUPER (pa'per), n. One su -p- lowniaim P erialis ) • 
ported by charity or some public provision. [L.] 

PAUPERISM (pa'per-izm), n. State of being a 
pauper. 

PAUPERIZATION (pa-per-i-za'shun), n. Act or 
process of pauperizing. 

PAUPERIZE (pa'per-iz), vt. [pr.p. PAU 'PERI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. PAUPERIZED (pa'per- 
izd).] Reduce to pauperism. 

PAUSE (paz), n. 1. Temporary stop. 2. Cessa- 
tion caused by doubt. 3. Music. Rest ; mark 
showing prolongation of a note. [Gr. pausis, 
— pauo, cause to cease.] 

PAUSE (paz), vi. [pr.p. PAUSING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAUSED (pazd).] Make a pause. 

SYN. Cease; suspend; intermit; forbear; 
stay; wait; hesitate; demur; stop. ANT. 
Continue; proceed; advance; persist; per- 
severe. 

PAVE (pav), vt. [pr.p. PA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAVED (pavd).] 1. Lay with stone, etc., so as 
to form a level surface for walking or driving 
on. 2. Prepare, as a way or passage. [Fr. 
paver — L. pavio, beat down.] 

PAVEMENT (pav'ment), n. 1. Paved causeway 
or floor. 2. That with which anything is paved. 
[L. pavimentum.] 

PAVILION (pa-vil'yun), n. 1. Tent. 2. Orna- 
mental building, often turreted or domed. [Fr. 
pavilion — L. papilio, butterfly, tent.] 

PAVIOR (pa'vi-ur), n. 1. One who paves. 2. 
Heavy instrument for driving paving stones. 

PAW (pa), n. 1. Foot of a quadruped having 
claws. 2. Hand. (Colloq.) [O. Fr. poe, pote 
— L. Ger. pote — Ger. pfote, a paw; cf. Wei. 
pawen, paw.] 

PAW (pa), v. [pr.p. PAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAWED (pad).] I. vt. 1. Scrape with the fore 
foot. 2. Handle rudely. II. vi. Scrape the 
ground with the fore foot. 

PAWL (pal), n. Short pivoted bar engaging in 
a notch of a wheel and thus preventing its 
turning back. [Wei. pawl, stake.] 

PAWL (pal), vt. [pr.p. PAWLING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAWLED (paid).] Stop with a pawl. 

PAWN (pan), n. Something given as security 
for the payment of money. [Fr. pan.] 

PAWN (pan), vt. [pr.p. PAWNING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAWNED (pand).] Give as a deposit in pledge. 

PAWN (pan), n. Piece in chess. [O. Fr. paon, 
foot-soldier.] 



PAWNBROKER (pan'bro-ker), n. Broker who 
lends money on pawns or pledges. 

PAWNER (pan'er), n. One who gives a pawn 
or pledge as security for money borrowed. 

PAWPAW (pa'pa), n. Shrub or tree of central 
U. S. (Asimina triloba), or Its edible fruit, 
which is 3 to 5 inches long and about one- 
third as thick. When quite ripe it is of a rich 
yellow hue. It is sometimes called the Hoosier 
banana. [Sp. papayo, papaw.] 

PAX (paks), n. 1. Small tablet representing 
some scene from the life of Christ, used in the 
Catholic Church. 2. Kiss of peace. — Pax 
vobiscum, peace be with you. [L., peace.] 

PAY (pa), vt. [pr.p. PAYING; p.t. and p.p. PAID 
(pad).] 1. Satisfy; make satisfaction for. 
2. Discharge a debt to. 3. Requite with what 
is deserved; reward; punish. 4. Be worth 
the trouble to; recompense. [Fr. payer — L. 
paco, appease.] 

PAY (pa), n. 1. That which satisfies; money 
given for service; salary; wages. 2. Requital; 
reward. — Pay off, pay in full and discharge. 
— Pay one in his own coin, treat him as he 
has treated you. — Pay out, cause to run out, 
as a cable; slacken. — Pay the debt of nature, 
die. 

PAY (pa), vt. [pr.p. PAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PAYED (pad).] Naut. Coat with pitch, etc., 
as the bottom of a ship. [O. Fr. peter — L. 
pico — pix, pitch.] 

PAYABLE (paa-bl), a. 1. That may be legally 
collected. 2. To be paid. 

PAY-DIRT (pa'dert), n. Mining. Dirt, crushed 
rock or gravel that yields metal in quantities 
that will more than cover the expenses of ex- 
tracting it. 

PAYEE (pa-e')» n. One to whom money is paid, 
or to be paid. 

PAYMASTER (pa'mas-ter), n. Officer or agent 
who pays soldiers, sailors, employees, etc. 

PAYMENT (pa'ment), n. 1. Act of paying. 2. 
That which is paid; recompense; reward. 

PAY-ROLL (pa'rol), n. List of persons in receipt 
of pay. 

PAY-STREAK (pa'strek), n. 
Mining. Vein or body of 
ore that will yield metal 
at a profit. 

PEA (pe), n. [pi. PEAS 
(definite number of), and 
PEASE (quantity of not 
numbered).] Common le- 
guminous vegetable. [A.S. 
pise — L. pisum, pea.] 

PEABERRY (pe'ber-i), n. 
Single pea^shaped berry 
of coffee in contradis- 
tinction from the two 
semispherical ones found 
in the coffee fruit. 

PEACE (pes), I. n. 1. State of quiet; free- 
dom from disturbance; freedom from war; 




Edible Podded Pes 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kn=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



PEACEABLE 



810 



PEANUT-POLITICS 



friendliness. 2. Calm; rest; harmony; si- 
lence. II. inter j. Silence ! hist ! — Hold one's 
peace, be silent. [O. Fr. pais — L. pax, peace.] 

PEACEABLE (pes'a-bl), a. 1. Disposed to peace. 
2. Quiet; tranquil; free from war. 

PEACEABLENESS (peVa-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being peaceable. 

Peace-conference (pes'kon-fer-ens), n. 

3Ieeting of a body of international commis- 
sioners appointed for the purpose of devising 
and adopting measures for the preservation 
of peace among nations. 




Wilhelmina near The Hague. Scene of First Peace 
Conference, May 18th, 1899. 

PEACEFUL (pes'f ol), a. Peaceable ; calm ; pacific. 

PEACEFULNESS (pes'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being peaceful. 

PEACEMAKER (pes'ma=ker), n. 1. One who 
produces peace or reconciles enemies. 

PEACE-OFFERING (pes'of~er-ing), n. Satis- 
faction to an offended person. 

PEACE-OFFICER (pes'of-i-ser), n. Officer 
whose dutj r it is to preserve the peace. 

PEACE-PIPE (pes'pip), n. Pipe smoked as a 
token of peace; calumet. 

PEACH (pech), n. 1. Tree ( Amygdalus Perslea) , 
with delicious fruit, containing a seed in a 
very hard stone. 2. Fruit of this tree. [Fr. 
peche — L. Pcrsiciim (malum), Persian (apple).] 

PEACH (pech), vi. [pr.p. PEACHING; p.t. and 
p.p. PEACHED (pecht).] Turn informer 
against an accomplice. (Colloq.) [From IM- 
PEACH.] 

PEACH-BLIGHT (pech'blit), n. Disease of peach 
trees due to a fungus; also called brown rot. 

PEACHBLOW (peeh'blo), n. Beautiful purple 
or pinkish glaze on Oriental porcelain. 

PEACHER (pech'er), n. One who peaches; in- 
former. ''Colloq. ) 

PEACHICK (pe'chik),n. Young of the peafowl. 

PEACHY (pech'i), a. Resembling or of the 
nature or appearance of peaches. 

PEA-COAL (pe'kol), n. Lump coal that has been 
broken and screened to the smallest size for 
fuel purposes, the pieces being approximately 
the size of a pea. 




PEACOCK (pe'kok), n. Large gallinaceous 
bird, especially the male, remark • 
able for the beauty of its plu- 
mage, named from its cry. [A. S. 
pdiva — L. pavo, peacock.] 

PEA-CRAB (pe'krab), n. Small 
crustacean that lives within the 
mantle-lobes of mussels, oysters* 
etc. 

PEAFOWL (pe'fowl), n. Peacock 
or peahen. 

PEA-GREEN (pe'gren), n. Shade 
of green like the color Gf green 
peas. Peacock. 

PEAHEN (pe'hen), n. Female peafowl. 

PEA-JACKET (pe'jak-et), n. Coarse thick 
jacket worn especially by seamen. [Dut. pij, 
coat of coarse thick cloth, and JACKET.] 

PEAK (pek), n. 1. Pointed end of anything. 2. 
Steep summit of a mountain. 3. Upper outer 
corner of a sail extended by a gaff or yard, 
also the extremity of the gaff. 4. Narrow 
part of a ship's hold, fore or aft. [Celt, peac, 
sharp-pointed object.] 

PEAK (pek), v. [pr.p. PEAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
PEAKED (pekt).] I. vt. Naut. Raise the 
point of, as a gaff or yard, more nearly per- 
pendicular. II. vi. 1. Rise upward in a peak. 
2. Look thin or sickly. 3. Peek; pry. (Vulgar.) 

PEAKED (pek'ed), a. 1. Pointed; ending in a 
point. 2. Pinched; emaciated; sickly. 

PEAL (pel), n. 1. Loud sound, as of thunder. 
2. Set of bells 
tuned to each 
other. 3. Changes 
rung upon a set 
of bells. [Short 
for APPEAL.] 

PEAL (pel), v. {pr.p. 
PEALING; p.t. 
and p.p. PEALED 
(peld).] I. vt. 

Cause to sound 
loudly. II. vi. 
Give out loud or 
solemn, sounds; 
resound like a 
bell. 

PEANUT (pe'nut), 
n. 1. Trailing 
plant which ri- 
pens its fruit, 
called peanut, 
earthnut, groundnut, or goober, under ground. 
2. Fruit of the plant. Oil of the peanut is 
largely used for cooking by the Chinese and 
other Oriental people. 

PEANUT-BUTTER (pe'nut-but-er), n. Butter- 
like paste made from ground roasted peanuts 
variously flavored and used as a relish. 

PEANUT-POLITICS (pe'nut-pol-i-tiks), n. Petty, 
low and underhand methods used in political 
measures and tactics. (Colloq.) 




Peanut Vine (Arachis 
hypogcea). 



fate, fat, task, far, fail, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PEAR 



811 



PECK 




Alligator Pear or Avocado ( Per sea 
gratissima). 



PEAR (par), n. Fruit of an orchard-tree of many 
varieties, or 
the tree it- 
self.— Alli- 
gator pear, 
fruit found 
in tropical 
America re- 
sembling a 
pear in 
snap e , 
known in 
Spanish as 
aguac ate , 
and some- 
times called 
Avocado. [A. 
S. per a or 
peru — L.pi- 
rwm,pear.] 

PEARL (perl), 

I. ft 1. Shi- 
ning gem, 
found in 
several 
shell-fish, but most in the motker-of-pearx 
oyster. 2. Anything round and clear; any- 
thing very precious; jewel. 3. Print. Size 
type intermediate between agate and diamond. 

e@" This line is set in pearl type. 

II. a. Made of, or belonging to, pearls. [Fr. 
perle — L. pirula, dim. of pirura, pear, or — L. 
pilula, dim. of pila, ball.] 

PEARL-ASH (perl'ash), n. Carbonate of potash. 

PEARL-BARLEY (perl'bar-li), n. Barley after 
the skin has been ground off, used in soups. 

PEARLED (perld), a. 1. Set with pearls. 2. 
Resembling pearls. 3. Having a border 
trimmed with narrow lace. 

PEARLINESS (perl'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being pearly. 

PEARLITE (perl'it), n. C'hcm. One of the in- 
gredients of modern hardened steel, an alloy 
of carbon and iron, containing nine-tenths 
per cent carbon, used to give special elasticity 
to the metal. 

PEARL-OYSTER (perl'oi-ster), ft. Oyster which 
produces pearls. 

PEARL-SHELL (perl'shel), n. 1. Shell from 




Pearl-shell, showing pearls. 
which pearls are obtained. 2. Shell having a 
coating of nacre or mother-of-pearl. 



PEARLY (perl'i), a. Containing or resembling 

pearls; clear; pure; transparent. 
PEART (pert), a. Lively ; chipper. (Provincial.) 

[From PERT.] 
PEAS, PEASE (pez), n. Plural of PEA. 
PEASANT (pez'ant), n. In Europe, one whose 

occupation is rural labor. [O. Fr. paisant — ■ 

pais, country.] 
PEASANTRY (pez'ant-ri), n. Peasants col- 
lectively. 
PEAT (pet), n. Decayed vegetable matter cut 

out of boggy places, dried for fuel. [A.S. betan, 

make or mend a fire.] 
PEBBLE (peb'l), n. 1. Small roundish stone. 

2. Transparent and colorless rock-crystal. 

3. Lens made of rock-crystal. [A.S. papol 
(stan), pebble (stone). Akin to L. papula, 
pustule.] 

PEBBLE (peb'l), vt. [pr.p. PEBBLING; p.t. and 

p.p. PEBBLED (peb'ld).] Give (leather) the 

appearance of being covered with small 

prominences. 
PEBBLED (peb'ld), a. Full of, or covered with, 

pebbles; pebbly. 
PEBBLY (peb'li), a. Full of pebbles; pebbled. 
PEBRINE (peb'rin), n. Destructive, contagious, 

and epidemic disease of silkworms. [Fr.] 
PECAN (pe-kan' or pe-kan'), n. Tall hickory 

tree of central and 

southern U. S., bearing 

edible, smooth-shelled 

nuts. [Sp. pacano, of 

American Indian or- 
igin.] 
PECCABILITY (pek-a-] 

bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 

state of being pec- 
cable. 
PECCABLE (pek'a-bl), a. 

peccabilis — pecco, sin.] 
PECCADILLO (pek-a-dil'6), 

LOS (pek-a-dil'6z).] Trifling sin; petty fault. 

[Sp. pecadillo, dim. of pecado — L. peccatum, 

sin.] 
PECCANCY (pek'an-si), n. {pi. PECCANCIES 

(pek'an-siz).] 1. Quality or state of being 

peccant. 2. Particular act of sinfulness. 3. 

Patliol. Bad condition. 
PECCANT (pek'ant), a. 1. Sinning; transgress- 
ing; guilty. 2. Morbid; offensive; bad. [L. 

peccans, pr.p. of pecco, sin.] 
PECCANTLY (pek'ant-li), adv. In a peccant 

manner; sinfully. 
PECCARY (pek'a-ri), n. 

[pi. PECCARIES (pek'- 

a-riz).] Hog-like wild 

quadruped of South 

America. [S. American 

name.] 
PECHILI (pa-che-le'), a. 

31ost N. province of 

China proper. Area 58,949 sq. 
PECK (pek), n. 1. Dry measure = 




Pecan Nuts. 
Liable to sin. 



[L. 



[pi. PECCADIL- 




Peccary. 



m. 

2 gallons. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u-u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, i/ten, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PECK 



813 



PEDIMENT 



or £ of a bushel. 



Large quantity, as 



PECK (pek), n. Blow or thrust with the beak; 
as, the peck of a bird. 

PECK (pek), v. [pr.p. PECK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PECKED (pekt)o] I. vt. 1. Strike or pick with 
the beak. 2. Pick up with the beak. 3. Strike 
with anything pointed. 4. Strike with re- 
peated blows. II. vi. Make strokes with the 
beak or a pointed instrument. [Later form 
of PICK.] 

PECKER (pek'er), n. 1. One who pecks; wood- 
pecker. 2. Tool for pecking. 

PeCKSNIFFIAN (pek'snif-i-an), a. Like Dick- 
ens' Pecksniff; parading lofty principles. 

PECTEN (pek'ten), n. 1. Comb; comb-like part. 
2. Pubic bone. 

PECTINATE (pek'tl-nat), a. Pertaining to, or 
like, a comb. 

PECTORAL (pek'to-ral), I. a. Relating to the 
breast or chest. II. «. 1. Pectoral fin. 2. Med- 
icine for the chest. [L. pectoralis — pectus, 
breast.] 

PECULATE (pek'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. PECULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PECULATED.] Embezzle; 
steal. [L. peculor — peculium, private property.] 

PECULATION (pek-u-la'shun), n. Act of pecu- 
lating. 

PECULATOR (pek'u-la-tur), n. One who 
peculates. 

PECULIAR (pe-kul'yar or pe-ku'li-ar), a. 1. 
One's own; belonging to no other; private; 
personal. 2o Having a character of its own; 
particular; specific. 3. Above all others; 
special. 4 Out of the common; strange; 
singular. [O. Fr. peculier — L. peculiaris — 
peculium, private property.] 

SYN. Especial; characteristic; unusual. 
ANT. Common; general; ordinary; public. 

PECULIARITY (pe-kul-yar'i-ti or pe-ku-li-ar'- 
1-ti), n. 1. That which is peculiar to a person 
or thing. 2. Exclusive or private ownership. 

PECULIARLY (pe-kul'yar-li or pe-ku'li-ar-li), 
adv. In a characteristic or peculiar manner. 

PECUNIARILY (pe-ku'ni-a-ri-li), adv. In a 
pecuniary manner; as regards money. 

PECUNIARY (pe-ku'ni-a-ri), a. Relating to 
money. [L. pecuniarius — pecunia, money.] 

PED (ped), n. Basket; hamper. [Variant of 
PAD.] 

PEDAGOGIC (ped-a-gojik), PEDAGOGICAL 
(ped-a-goj'lk-al), a. Relating to teaching. 

PEDAGOGICS (ped-a-goj'iks), n. Science of 
teaching. 

PEDAGOGISM (ped'a-gog-izm), n. Occupa- 
tion, manners, or character of a pedagogue. 

PEDAGOGUE (ped'a-gog), n. Teacher; school- 
master. [Gr. paidagogos — pais, boy, and ago, 
lead.] 

PEDAGOGY (ped'a-go-ji), n. 1. Pedagogism. 
2. Pedagogics. 

PEDAL (ped'al or pe'dal), a. Pertaining to a 
foot. [L. pedalls — pes, foot.] 



Any part of a machine 




PEDAL (ped'al) 
transmit- 
ting power 
from the 
foot. 2. In 
musical in- 

( Piano.) (Bicycle.) 

strum en ts, Pedals. 

a lever moved by the foot. 

PEDAL (ped'al), v. [pr.p. PED'ALING; p.t. and 
p.p. PEDALED (ped'ald).] I. vt. Operate by 
means of a pedal or pedals. II. vi. Work a 
pedal or pedals, as in riding a bicycle, playing 
an organ, etc. 

PEDANT (ped'ant), n. One making a vain and 
useless display of learning. [It. pedante, 
prob. — Gr. paideuo, instruct. See PEDA- 
GOGUE.] 

PEDANTIC (pe-dan'tik), PED ANTIC AL (pe- 
dan'tik-al), a. Vainly displaying knowledge. 

PEDANTRY (ped'ant-ri), n. Vain and useless 
display of learning. 

PED ATE (ped'at), a. Palmate; having divisions 
like toes. 

PEDDLE (ped'l), v. [pr.p. PEDDLING; p.t. and 
p.p. PEDDLED (ped'ld).] vt. I. Sell in small 
quantities from house to house; hawk. II. 
vi. 1. Travel about with small wares for sale. 
2. Be busy about trifles. [From PED (basket).] 

PEDDLER (ped'ler), n. One who travels about 
retailing small wares; hawker. 

PEDESTAL (ped'es-tal), n. Foot or base of a 
pillar, statue, vase, etc. [Sp. — 
It. piedestallo — L. pes, foot, and 
It. stallo, place.] 

PEDESTRIAN (pe-des'tri-an), I. 
a. Going on foot; performed 
on foot. II. n. One journeying 
on foot; expert walker. [L. 
pedestris — pes, pedis, foot.] 

PEDESTRIANISM(pe-des'tri-an- 
izm), n. Practice of a pedes- 
trian. 

PEDICEL (ped'i-sel), n. 1. Stem 
that supports a single flower 
when there are several on a 
a peduncle. 2. Footstalk or Pedestal. 
stem by which a leaf or fruit is fixed on the 
tree. [Fr. pedicelle — L. pediculus, dim. of 
pes, foot.] 

PEDICURE (ped'i-kur), n. 1. Care of the feet. 
2. Chiropodist. 

PEDIGREE (ped'i-gre), n. 1. Genealogical tree ; 
register of descent from ancestors. 2. Line- 
age; genealogy. 
[Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

PEDIMENT (ped'- 
i-ment), n. Tri- 
angular or cir- 
cular ornament 
which serves as 
a decoration 
over gates, doors 





etc. 



Pediment. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



PEDLAR 



813 



PELAGE 




PEDLAR (pedlar), PEDLER (ped'ler), n. 

Same as PEDDLES. 
PEDOBAPTISM (pe-do-bap'tizm), n. Baptism 

of infants. LGr. pais, child, and BAPTISM.] 
PEDOMETER (pe-dom'e-ter), n. Instrument 

somewhat like a watch, by which the steps 

of a pedestrian are registered and thus the 

distance covered is measured. [L. pes, pedis, 

foot, and Gr. metron, measure.] 
PEDRO (pe'dro), n. Five of trumps in a game 

of cards called pitch. [Sp. Pedro, Peter.] 
PEDUNCLE (pe-dung'kl), n. 1. Flower-stalk 

supporting a cluster of flowers 

or but a single flower. 2. Any 

similar stem or stalk. [L.L. 

pedunculus — L. pes, foot.] 
PEDUNCULAR (pe-dung'ku-lar), 

a. Of or pertaining to a pe- 
duncle. 
PEEK (pek), vi. [pr.p. PEEKING; 

p.t. and p.p. PEEKED (pekt).] 

Peep; look slyly. [Form of 

PEEP.] 
PEEK-A-BOO (pek'a-bo), n. Play 

to amuse children, peeping from 

behind something and crying 

boo! 
PEEL (pel), v. [pr.p. PEEL'ING; 

p.t. .and p.p. PEELED (peld).] 

I. vt. Strip off the skin or bark 

of; bare. II. vi. Come off, as 

the skin. [Fr. peler; from L. 

pellis, skin.] 
PEEL (pel), n. That which may be peeled off, 

as the skin or rind of certain kinds of fruit, 

such as oranges, apples, etc. 
PEEL (pel), n. Baker's wooden shovel. [Fr. 

pelle — L. pala, spade.] 
PEELER (pel'er), n. One who peels anything. 
PEELER (pel'er), n. Nickname in England 

for policemen. [After Sir Robert Peel.] 
PEELING (peling), n. That which is peeled off; 

peel. 
PEEN (pen), n. Sharp or round edged end of a 

hammer opposite its driving surface or face, 

used for shaping the metal struck by it. [Ger. 

pinne, peen of a hammer.] 
PEEP (pep), vi. {pr.p. PEEPING; p.t. and p.p. 

PEEPED (pept).] Chirp, or cry, as a young 

chicken. [Imitative.] 
PEEP (pep), n. Chirp or cry of a chick or young 

bird. 
PEEP (pep), vi. [pr.p. PEEP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

PEEPED (pept).] 1. Look through a narrow 

space. 2. Look slyly or closely. 3. Begin to 

appear. [Fr. piper, chirp like a bird (said of a 

bird-catcher), beguile, look out slyly.] 
PEEP (pep), n. 1. Sly look. 2. Glimpse. 3. 

Peep-hole. 
PEEPER (pep'er), n. 1. One that peeps. 2. 

Chicken just breaking the shell. 3. The eye. 

(Colloq.) 
PEEP-HOLE (pep'hol), n. Hole or crevice 



Peduncle. 



through which one may look or peep without 
being discovered. 

PEER (per), vi. [pr.p. PEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PEERED (perd).] Look narrowly; peep; pry. 
[L. Ger. piren, draw the eyelids together.] 

PEER (per), n. 1. Equal. 2. Associate. 3. In 
Great Britain, a member of the House of 
Lords. [O. Fr. (Fr. pair) — L. par, paris, 
equal.] 

PEERAGE (per'aj), n. 1. Rank or dignity of a 
peer. 2. Body of peers. 

PEERESS (per'es), n. Lady of the peerage; con- 
sort of a peer. 

PEERLESS (per'les), a. Having no peer or 
equal; matchless. 

PEEVISH (pe'vish), a. Habitually fretful; easily 
annoyed; hard to please. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SYN. Cross; querulous; petulant; tes- 
ty; captious. ANT. Genial; complaisant; 
good-natured. 

PEEVISHLY (pe'vish-li), adv. In a peevish 
manner. 

PEEVISHNESS (pe'vish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being peevish. 

PEEWIT, PEWIT (pe'wit), n. Bird known In 
Europe as the laughing gull. 

PEG (peg), n. 1. Wooden pin. 3. 
One of the pins of a musical in- 
strument. [Scand.] 

PEG (peg), v. [pr.p. PEGGING; p.U 
and p.p. PEGGED 
(pegd).] I. vt. 
Drive pegs into; 
fasten with pegs. 
II. vi. Work hard 
and diligently ; us- 
ually with away, 
at, or on. 

Pegasus (pega- 

sus), n. Greek 

Myth. The famous 

winged horse 

sprung from the blood of Medusa; by striking 

the ground with his hoof, he caused to spring 

forth the fountain called Hippocrene. 

PEGMATITE (peg'ma-tit), n. Kind of coarse- 
grained granitic rock. [Gr. pegma, anything 
conglomerated.] 

PeKIN (pe-kin' or pe'kin, PEKING (pe'king), 
n. Capital of the Chinese Empire. Sometimes 
called the northern 
capital of China. [Chi- 
nese, PeTiching — peh, 
north, and ching, cap- 
ital.] 

PEKIN-DUCK (pe'kin- 
duk),n. Domestic duck 
originally imported 
from China about 
1870; it has a yellow 

- bil1 and e y es of a 

leaden blue color. Wlute ^ekin-Ducks. 

PELAGE (pel'kj), n. Covering of fur or hair. 




Peewit (C hroicocephalus 
ridibundus) . 




fate, fat, task, for, fall, fare, above; me, met, hSr; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn,' 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=c& ju Scotch loch. 



PELAGIC 



814 



PENDANT 




Pelican. 



PELAGIC (pel-aj'ik), a. Pertaining to the deep 
sea. [Gr. pelagos, ocean.] 

PELEW (pe-16') ISLANDS. Group of the 
Caroline Islands. 

PELF (pelf), n. Riches (in a bad sense); money. 
[O. Fr. pelfre, booty. Allied to PILFER.] 

PELICAN (pel'i-kan), n. Large water-fowl, hav- 
ing an enormous bill, 
with pouch on lower 
mandible for storing 
fish. [Gr. pelekan — 
pelekys, axe.] 

PELISSE (pe-les'), n. 
Long outer robe, or- 
iginally of fur, worn 
by ladies. [Fr.— L. 
pellis, skin.] 

PELL (pel), n. 1. Skin; 
pelt; hide. 2. Roll 
of parchment. [O. 
Fr. pel (Fr. peau) 
— L. pellis, skin.] 

PELLAGRA (pel-la'gra), n. Pathol. Disease 
supposed to be caused by living on maize or 
Indian corn affected by a parasitic fungus, 
but also said to be due to the bite of a gnat 
(Slmulium vorans). [Gr. pella, skin, and agra, 
seizure.] 

PELLAGRIN (pe-la'grin), n. One suffering with 
pellagra. 

PELLET (pel'et), n. Little ball; small pill. 
pelote — L. pila, ball.] 

PELLICLE (pel'i-kl), n. Thin skin or film. 
pellicule — L. pellicula — pellis, skin.] 

PELLICULAR (pel-lik'u-lar), a. Having 
character of a pellicle ; filmy. 

PELL-MELL (pel-mel'), adv. Mixed confusedly; 
promiscuously. [O. Fr. pellemelle (Fr. pele- 
mele), '* mixed with a shovel."] 

PELLUCID (pel-lo'sid), a. Perfectly clear; 
transparent. [L. pellucidus — per, perfectly, 
and lucidus, clear — luceo, shine.] 

PELLUCIDLY (pel-lo'sid-li), adv. In a pellucid 
manner. 

PELLUCIDNESS (pel-16'sid-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being pellucid. 

PELOPS (pe'lops), n. Greek Myth. Killed by 
his father, Tantalus, King of Phrygia, and 
served to the gods at a feast; restored to life 
by the gods, who gave him an ivory shoulder 
to replace the one eaten by Ceres (Demeter). 

PELORUS (pel-6'rus), n. Naut. Instrument 
like a sun-dial arranged so as to indicate mag- 
netic influence and deviation of compasses. 

PELT (pelt), n. Raw hide; hide with the hair or 
wool on. 

PELT (pelt), vt. [pr.p. PELT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PELT'ED.] Strike with missiles of any kind, or 
with something thrown. [L. pulto, beat — 
pello, drive.] 

PELT (pelt), n. Blow with something thrown. 

PELTRY (pelt'ri), n. [pi. PELTRIES (pelt'riz).] 
Skins of furred animals; furs. 



[Fr. 



[Fr. 



the 




Pelvis. 

1. Ilium. 2. Ischium. 3. Os pubis. 
4. Coccyx. 5. Sacrum. 



PELVIS (pel'vis), n 
for the support 
of the abdominal 
viscera. [L., ba- 
sin.] 

PEMMICAN, 
P E M I C A N 
(pem'i-kan), n. 
North American 
Indian prepara- 
tion, consisting 
of lean venison, 
dried, pounded, 
and pressed into 
cakes; a similar 
preparation used in Arctic expeditions. 

PEN (pen), vt. [pr.p. PEN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
PENNED (pend).] Shut up; confine in a small 
inclosure. [A.S. pennan, shut up.] 

PEN (pen), n. Small enclosure, as for cows, 
pigs, etc. 

PEN (pen), n. Instrument used for writing, 
with ink, formerly made of the feather of 
a bird, but now of steel, etc. [L. penna, 
feather.] 

PEN (pen), vt. [pr.p. PEN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
PENNED (pend).] Write with a pen. 

PENAL (pe'nal), a. 1. Pertaining to punish- 
ment. 2. Incurring punishment. 3. Used 
or inflicted as a punishment. [L. paenalis — 
aena, punishment.] 

PENALLY (pe'nal-i), adv. In a penal manner. 

PENALTY (pen'al-ti), n. [pi. PENALTIES (pen'- 
al-tiz).] Punishment; fine. 

PENANCE (pen'ans), n. Self-imposed punish- 
ment; repentance; Roman Catholic sacra- 
ment, consisting of contrition, confession, 
satisfaction and absolution. 

PENATES (pen-a'tez), n.pl.Bom. Myth. House- 
hold gods. See LARES. 

PENCE (pens), n. Plural of PENNY. 

PENCHANT (pang-shang' or pen'chant), n. In- 
clination ; decided taste. [Fr., pr.p. of pencher, 
incline — L. pendeo, hang.] 

PENCIL (pen'sil), n. 1. Small hair brush for 
laying on colors. 2. Pointed instrument for 
writing or drawing without ink. 3. Collection 
of rays of light converging to a point. [O. Fr. 
pincel — L. penicillum, painter's brush.] 

PENCIL (pen'sil), vt. [pr.p. PENCILING; pd. 
and p.p. PENCILED (pen'sild).] Write, 
sketch, or mark with a pencil. 

PENCILED (pen'sild), a. 1. Written or marked 
with a pencil. 2. Having pencils or rays; 
radiated. 3. Bot. Marked with fine lines, as 
with a pencil. 

PEND (pend), vi. [pr.p. PEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PEND'ED.] Await adjustment; be undecided. 
[L. pendeo, hang.] 

PENDANT (pend'ant), n. 1. Anything hanging, 
especially for ornament. 2. Long narrow flag, 
at the head of the principal mast in a ship. 3. 
Counterpart; one of a pair, as of paintings. 



fate, fat, task, fiir, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PENDENCY 



815 



PENNSYLVANIA 



pen- 




[Fr. pendant, pr.p. of pendre, hang; L. 
dens, -entis, pr.p. of pendeo, hang.] 

PENDENCY (pend'en-si), n. Hanging in sus- 
pense; state of being undecided. 

PENDENT (pend'ent), a. 1. Hanging. 2. Pro- 
jecting. [L. pendens.] 

PENDING (pending), I. a. Hanging; remain- 
ing undecided; not terminated. II. prep. 1. 
During. 2. Until. 

PENDULOUS (pendu-lus), a. Hanging; swing- 
ing. [L. pendulus — pendeo, hang.] 

PENDULOUSLY (pen'du-lus-li), adv. In a 
pendulous manner. 

PENDULOUSNESS (pen'du-lus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being pendulous. 

PENDULUM (pen'du-lum), n. Weight so hung 
or suspended from a fixed point 
as to swing freely. [L., neut. of 
pendulus, hanging.] 

PENELOPE (pe-nel'o-pe), n. Greek 
Legend. Ulysses' wife; faithful 
during her husband's absence of 
20 years; put off suitors by re- 
fusing an answer until she had 
finished weaving a web, unwind- 
ing at night what she had woven 
during the day. 

PENETRABILITY (pen-e-tra-bil'i-ti), n. 
ity or state of being penetrable. 

PENETRABLE (pen'e-tra-bl), a. 1. That may 
be penetrated or pierced by another body. 2. 
Capable of having the mind affected. 

PENETRALIA (pen-e-tia'li-a), n.pl. 1. Those 
parts of a Roman temple into which the 
priest alone had access. 2. Private rooms 
of a house; family secrets. LL.] 

PENETRATE (pen'e-trat), v. [pr.p.PEN'ETRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PENETRATED.] I. vt. 1. 
Thrust into the inside; pierce into. 2. Affect 
the feelings of. 3. Understand; find out. II. vi. 
Make way; pass inwards. [L. penetro.] 

PENETRATING (pen'e-tra-ting), a. Sharp; 
piercing; penetrative. 

PENETRATION (pen-e-tra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
penetrating or entering. 2. Acuteness; dis- 
cernment. 

SYN. Discrimination; insight; judgment. 

PENETRATIVE (pen'e-tra-tiv), a. 1. Tending 
to penetrate; piercing. 2. Sagacious ; affecting 
the mind. 

PENFISH (pen'fish), n. A Caribbean fish of the 
genus Calamus named on 
account of a pen-shaped 
spine supporting the rays 
of the fins on the lower 
side of the body. 

PENGUIN (pen'gwin), n. 
Short-winged aquatic bird 
in the southern hemisphere. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

PENHOLDER (pen'h61d-er), Penguin. 

n. Pencil-shaped implement of wood, rubber 
or metal for holding a pen. 





PENICILLIUM (pen-i-sil'i-um), n. Bot, Mold 
plant used in the manufacture of 
Roquefort cheese. [L. penicillu8 t 
pencil.] 

PENINSULA (pen-in'su-la),n. Land so 
nearly surrounded by water as to be 
almost an island. [L. pmne, almost, 
and insula, island.] 

PENINSULAR (pen-in'su-lar), a. 1. 
Pertaining to a peninsula. 2. In 
the form of a peninsula. 3. Inhabit- 
ing a peninsula. 

PENINSUL ARIT Y ( pen-in-su-lar 'i-ti) , 
n. 1. State of being peninsular. 2. 
Narrow-mindedness. 

PENITENCE (pen'i-tens), n. State of being 
penitent; sorrow for sin. 

SYN. Repentance; contrition; sorrow; 
remorse. ANT. Incorrigibility; obduracy. 

PENITENT (pen'i-tent), I. o. Suffering pain 
or sorrow for sin; contrite; repentant. II. 
n. 1. One grieved for sin. 2. One under a 
sentence of penance. [Fr. — pcenitens — pamiteo, 
cause to repent — poena, punishment.] 

PENITENTIAL (pen-i-ten'shal), a. Pertaining 
to, or expressive of, penitence. 

PENITENTIARY (pen-1-ten'sha-ri), I. a. Re- 
lating to penance; penitential. II. n. 1. 
Prison in which convicts sentenced to penal 
servitude are confined. 2. One who does 
penance for sin. 

PENITENTLY (pen'i-tent-ll), adv. In a penitent 
manner. 

PENKNIFE (pen'nlf), n. [pi. PENKNIVES (pen'- 
nivz).] Small pocket-knife (originally for 
making and mending quill pens). 

PENMAN (pen'man), n. [pi. PEN'MEN.] 1. Man 
skilled in the use of the pen. 2. Author. 

PENMANSHIP (pen'man-ship), n. 1. Art of 
writing. 2. Manner of writing; handwriting. 

PENMASTER (pen'mas-tgr), n. One skilled in 
writing. 

PEN-NAME (pen'nam), n. Author's assumed 
name; pseudonym ; nom de plume. 

PENNANT (pen'ant), n. 1. Long narrow piece 
of bunting at the mast heads of warships; 
streamer. 2. Small flag, usually of a triangu- 
lar or swallowtail form. 3. Short rope to 
which a tackle is hooked. 4. Championship. 
[Fr. pennon — L. penna, wing, feather.] 

PENNATE (pen'at), PENNATED (pena-ted), a. 
Winged. [L. pcnnatus — penna, feather, wing.] 

PENNILESS (peni-les), a. Without a penny; 
without money; poor. 

PENNING (pen'lng), n. 1. Act or art of writing. 
2. Wording. 

PENNON (pen'un), n. Small flag, either pointed 
at the fly or of swallowtail form, and at- 
tached to the lance or spear of a knight. [See 
PENNANT.] 

Pennsylvania (pen-sii-va'ni-a), n. one of 

the U. S. Capital, Harrisburg. Area 45,928 
sq. m. 



fate 8 fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn. 



PENN Y 



816 



PENURIOUSNESS 




Pennyroyal (Hedeoma 
pulegioides). 

Penny's 



PENNY (pen'i), n. [pi. PENNIES (pen'iz) — for 
coins in number; or PENCE (pens), for amount 
of value.] 1. English bronze coin, of the value 
of four farthings, pr one twelfth of a shilling, 
equal to two cents In U. S. money. 2. In U. S., 
cent. 3. In combination, pound; as, in ten- 
penny nails=1000 nails to every 10 pounds. 
[A.S. pening, penig, of uncertain origin.] 

PENNY-A-LINER (pen'1-a-li'ner), n. One who 
writes for a public Journal at so much a line; 
writer for pay. 

PENNYROYAL (pen'i-rol-al), n. 1. American 
pungent herb (Hedeoma 
pulegioides). 2. Species of 
European mint (Mentha 
Pulegium). [L. pulelum 
reglum,] 

PENNYWEIGHT (pen'i- 
wat), n. Twenty-four 
grains of troy weight. 

PENNYWISE (pen'i-wlz), 
a. Saving trifling amounts 
at the risk of losing larger 
ones. [See POUND-FOOL- 
ISH.] 

PENNYWORTH (pen'l-wurth), 
worth of anything; good bargain. 

PENOBSCOT (pe-nob'skot) BAY. Maine, an 
inlet of the Atlantic. 

PENOLOGY (pe-nol'o-ji), n. Science that treats 
of punishment and prevention of crime, man- 
agement of prisons, etc. [L. poena, and 
-LOGY.] 

PENSILE (pen'sil), a. Hanging; suspended. 
[L. pensilis — pendeo, hang.] 

PENSION (pen 'shun), n. Stated allowance to a 
person for past services. [L. pensio, pay- 
ment.] 

PENSION (pen'shun), vt. [pr.p. PENSIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. PENSIONED (pen'shund).] Grant 
a pension to. 

PENSION (pang-syan'), «. Boarding-school; 
also boarding-house. [Fr.] 

PENSIONARY (pen'shun-a-rl), I. o. 1. Re- 
ceiving a pension. 2. Consisting of a pension. 
II. n. One who receives a pension. 

PENSIONER (pen'shun-er), n. One who re- 
ceives a pension. 

PENSIVE (pen's! v), a. 1. Thoughtful; reflect- 
ing. 2. Expressing thoughtfulness with sad- 
ness. [Fr. penslf — L. penso, weigh.] 

PENSIVELY (pen'siv-li), adv. In a pensive 
manner. 

PENSIVENESS (pen'slv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pensive. 

PENSTOCK (pen'stok), n. 1. Close conduit for 
supplying water to a mill, etc., furnished with 
a flood gate. 2. Barrel of the pump in which 
the piston plays. [PEN and STOCK.] 

PENSUM (pen'sum), n. Extra task Imposed as 
a punishment. [L.] 

PENT (pent), a. Closely confined. (Often fol- 
lowed by up.) 



Five-pointed, 
2. Medal or 



set of five things; 
Plane figure hav- 




PENTACHORD (pen'ta-kard), n. Musical In- 
strument with five strings. [Gr. pente t five, 

and chords, string.] 
PENTACLE (pen'ta-kl), n. 1. 

star-like, geometrical figure. 

magic charm. 
PENTAD (pentad), n. Five; 

period of five years. [Gr.] 
PENTAGON (pen'ta-gon), n. 

ing five angles and five 

sides. [Gr. pente, five, 

and gdnia, angle.] 
PENTAGONAL (pen-tag'o- 

nal), a. Having five angles 

or corners. 
PENTAHEDRAL (pen-ta- 

he'dral), a. Having five 

equal sides. 
PENTAHEDRON (pen-ta- Pentagon. 

he'dron), n. Solid figure having five equal 

bases or sides. [Gr. pente, five, and hedra, 

seat, base.] 
PENTAMETER (pen-tam'e-ter), I. n. Verse 

of five measures or feet. II. a. Having five 

feet. [Gr. pente, five, and metron, measure.] 
PENTATEUCH (pen'ta-tuk), n. First five books 

of the Old Testament. [Gr. Pentateuchos — 

pente, five, and teuchos, tool, book — teucho, 

prepare.] 
PENTECOST (pen'te-kost),n. 1. Jewish festival 

on the fiftieth day after the Passover in com- 
memoration of the giving of the Law. 2. 

Whitsuntide. [Gr. penUkostS (hemera), fiftieth 

(day).] 
PENTECOSTAL (pen-te-kost'al), o. Pertaining 

to Pentecost. 
PENTHESILEA (pen-thes-i-le'a), n. Greek 

Legend. Queen of Amazons slain by Achilles 

In the Trojan war. 
PENTHOUSE (pent'hows), n. Shed projecting 

from, or adjoining, a main building. [Fr. 

appentis — L. appendicium, appendage.] 
PENT-ROOF (pent'rbf), n. Roof with a slope on 

one side only. [Fr. pente, slope — pendre, hang, 

and ROOF.] 
PENULT (pe-nulf or pe'nult), PENULTIMA 

(pe-nul'ti-ma), n. Syllable last but one. [L. 

penultima — pwne, almost, and ultimus, last.] 
PENULTIMATE (pe-nul'ti-mat), I. a. Last but 

one. II. n. Penult. [See PENULT.] 
PENUMBRA (pe-num'bra),». 1. Partial shadow 

round the perfect shadow of an eclipse. 2. 

Part of a picture where the light and shade 

blend. [L. pcene, almost, and umbra, shade.] 
PENURIOUS (pe-nu'ri-us), a. 1. Scanty. 2. 

Excessively economical. 

SYN. Sordid; parsimonious; avaricious; 

griping; miserly; close-fisted. ANT. Liberal; 

bountiful; open-handed. 
PENURIOUSLY (pe-nu'ri-us-li), adv. In a 

penurious manner. 
PENURIOUSNESS (pe-nu'ri-us-nes), w. Quality 

or state of being penurious. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



PENURY 



817 



PERCEPTIBILITY 




Peony 









PENURY (pen'u-ri), n. Want; absence of means 
or resources; poverty. [L. penuria. Akin to 
Gr. peina, hunger.] 

PEON (pe'on), n. 1. Foot-soldier; messenger. 
2. Day-laborer; debtor compelled to work for 
his indebtedness. [Sp.] 

PEONAGE (pe'un-aj), n. State of a peon; serf- 
dom. 

PEONY (pe'o-ni), n. [pi. PEONIES (p6'o-niz).] 
n. Plant of the crowfoot 
family, having beautiful 
large flowers. [O. Fr. 
peone (Fr. pivione) — L. 
pceonia.] 

PEOPLE (pe'pl),n. 1. Per- 
sons generally. 2. In- 
habitants. 3. Nation ; 
tribe; race. (In this 
sense the word admits 
of a plural ; as, peoples of the earth.) 4. Popu- 
lace. [Fr. peuple — l^.populus*] • 

PEOPLE (pe'pl), v. [pr.p. PEO'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. PEOPLED (pe'pld).] I. vt. Stock with 
people or inhabitants; populate. II. vi. Be- 
come populated. 

PEPLUM (pep'lum), n. [pi. PEP'LA.] Shawl like 
upper garment worn by women In ancient 
Greece. [L. — Gr. peplos.] 

PEPPER (pep'er), n. 1. Plant and its fruit, with 
a hot, pungent taste. 2. Pep- 
per-caster. — Pepper and salt, 
dotted or speckled in gray and 
black, or white, gray and black. 
[A.S. pipor.] 

PEPPER (pep'er), vt. [pr.p. PEP'- 
PEBING; p.t. and p.p. PEP- 
PEBD (pep'erd).] 1. Sprinkle 
with pepper 2. Pelt. 

PEPPER-CASTER (pep'er-kast- Pepper. 
Sr), n. Caster or bottle with perforated top 
for sprinkling pepper on food. 

PEPPERCORN (pep'er-karn), n. Berry of the 
pepper plant; something of little value. 

PEPPERGRASS (pep'er-gras), n. Kind of gar- 
den cress. 

PEPPERMINT (pep'er-mint), 
mint (Mentha piperita), 
aromatic and pungent; 
essence or liquor distilled 
from the plant. 

PEPPER-SAUCE (pep'er- 
sas),n. Sauce made of red 
peppers steeped in vinegar. 

PEPPER-TREE (pep'er-tre), 
n. Tropical aromatic tree 
(Schinus molle), whose 
fruit has the odor and 
taste of black pepper. 

PEPPERY (pep'er-i), a. 1. Possessing the qual- 
ities of pepper; hot; pungent. 2. Hot-tem- 
pered. 

PEPSIN, PEPSINE (pep'sln), n. One of the 
essential constituents of the gastric juice, 




Species of 




Peppermint. 



which aids in digestion. [Fr. — Gr. pepsis, 
digestion — peptd, cook, digest.] 

PEPTIC (pep'tik), o. 1. Relating to, or pro- 
moting, digestion. 2. Having a good diges- 
tion. [Gr. peptikos — peptd, cook, digest.] 

PEPTICITY (pep-tis'i-ti), n. State of being 
peptic; good digestion. 

PEPTONE (pep'ton), n. One of the albuminoids 
into which the nitrogenous elements of food 
(albumin, casein, etc.) are converted by the 
gastric and pancreatic juices. [Gr.] 

PEPTONIZE (pep'ton-iz), vt. [pr.p. PEPTONIZ- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PEPTONIZED (pep'ton- 
Izd).] Convert or transform into peptone. 

PER-, prefix. 1. Through; thoroughly; by; to 
the end; bad. 2. In chemistry It is used to de- 
note that the compound is the highest of a 
certain series. 

PER (per), prep. Be means of; for each; by 
the. [L.] 

PERAD VENTURE (per-ad-ven'tur), I. adv. By 
chance; perhaps. II. n. Chance; question; 
doubt. 

PERAMBULATE (per-am'bu-lat), vt.[pr.p. PER- 
AMBULATING; p.t. and p.p. PERAMBULA- 
TED.] Walk through or over; pass through 
to survey. [L. per, through, and ambulo, 
walk.] 

PERAMBULATION (per-am-bu-la'shun), n. 1. 
Act of perambulating. 2. Survey or inspec- 
tion by traveling through. 3. District within 
which a person has a right of inspection. 

PERAMBULATOR (per-am'bu-la-tur), ». 1. 
One who perambu- 
lates. 2. Instrument 
for measuring dis- 
tances on roads. 3. 
Light carriage for a 
child. 4. Wheel chair. 

PERCALE (per-kal'), 
n. Smooth-finished, 
closely-woven cotton 
fabric, sometimes 
printed on one side. 
[Fr.] Perambulator. 

PERCEIVABLE (per-sev'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being perceived. 

PERCEIVABLY (per-sev'a-bli), adv. In a per- 
ceivable manner or degree. 

PERCEIVE (per-sev'), vt. [pr.p. PERCEIVING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERCEIVED (per-sevd').] Ob- 
tain knowledge of through the senses ; under- 
stand. [L. percipio — per, perfectly, and capio, 
take.] 

SYN. See; hear; feel; observe; appre- 
hend; discern; descry; know. 

PER CENT (per sent). By the hundred; for or 
from each hundred. [L. per, by, and centum, 
hundred.] 

PERCENTAGE (per-sent'aj), n. Rate or pro- 
portion by the hundred. 

PERCEPTIBILITY (per-sep-ti-blli-tl), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being perceptible. 




fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PERCEPTIBLE 



818 



PERFECTION 




PERCEPTIBLE (per-sep'ti-bl), a. That can be 
perceived; that may be known; discernible. 

PERCEPTIBLY (per-sep'ti-bli), adv. In a per- 
ceptible manner or degree. 

PERCEPTION (per-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of per- 
ceiving; discernment. 2. Phil, Gaining 
knowledge from the action of an object upon 
the mind. 

PERCEPTIVE (per-sep'tiv), a. Having the 
power of perceiving or discerning. 

PERCEPTIVITY (per-sep-tiv'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being perceptive. 

PERCH (perch), n. Fresh-water food fish of 
many varieties, 
common in the 
lakes and 
st reams of 
Europe and 
America. [Fr. White Perch (Morone americana) . 
perche — Or. perke — perJcos, dark-colored, spot- 
ted.] 

PERCH (perch), I. n. 1. Rod, pole, etc., on 
which birds roost. 2. Elevated seat or position. 
3. Measure 5§ yards. [Fr. perche — L. pertica, 
long staff, rod.] 

PERCH (perch), v. [pr.p. PERCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. PERCHED (percht).] I. vi. Sit or roost 
on a perch; alight or settle on a perch. II. 
vt. Set or place on, or as on, a perch. 

PERCHANCE (per-chans')> adv. By chance; 
perhaps. [Fr. par cas ; from L. per, by, and L. 
root of CHANCE.] 

PERCHERON (per'she-ron), n. Large, stout 
horse, first bred in Perche, a region of northern 
France. 

PERCIPIENCY (per-sip'i-en-si), n. Quality or 
state of being percipient. 

PERCIPIENT (per-sip'i-ent), I. a. Perceiving; 
having the faculty of perception. II. n. One 
who perceives. 

PERCOLATE (per'ko-lat), vt. and vi. [pr.p. PER- 
COLATING; p.t. and p.p. PERCOLATED.] 
Strain through; filter. [L. per, through, and 
colo, strain.] 

PERCOLATION (per-ko-la'shun), n. Act, proc- 
ess, or state of percolating. 

PERCOLATOR (per'ko-la-tur), n. 
that which filters ; specifically, 
an apparatus for percolation. 
It is most generally employed 
in pharmacy. The term is also 
commonly applied to a coffee- 
pot in which boiling water is 
filtered through the ground 
coffee. 

PER CONTRA (per kon'tra). On 
the contrary. [L.] 

PERCURSORY(per-kur'so-ri),a. 
Cursory; running over quickly 
or lightly. 

PERCUSS (per-kus'), vt. [pr.p. PERCUSS'lNG; 
p.t. and p.p. PERCUSSED (per-kust').l Tap 
smartly on or against. [See PERCUSSION.] 



One who or 




Percolator. 



PERCUSSION (per-kush'un), n. 1. Striking of 
one body against another; collision. 2. Shock 
produced ( by collision. 3. Impression of sound 
on the ear. 4. Med. Tapping upon the body 
to find the condition of an internal organ by 
the sounds. [L. percussio — per, thoroughly, 
and quatio, shake, strike.] 

PERCUSSIVE (per-kus 'iv), a. 1. Striking 
against. 2. Played by striking. 

PERDITION (per-dish'un), n. 1. Utter loss or 
ruin. 2. Utter loss of happiness in a future 
state. [L. perditio — perdo, lose.] 

PEREGRINATE (per'e-gri-nat) 5 vi. [pr.p. PER- 
EGRINATING; p.t. and p.p. PER'EGRIN- 
ATED.] Travel about. [L. per, through, and 
ager, land.] 

PEREGRINATION (per-e-gri-na'shun), n. Act 
of peregrinating or traveling about. 

PEREGRINATOR (per'e-gri-na-tfir), n. One 
who travels about. 

PEREGRINE (per'e-grin), a. 3iigratory, as a 
bird. [Fr. — L. peregrinus — per, through, and 
ager, land.] 

PEREMPTORILY (per'emp-to-ri-li), adv. In a 
peremptory manner. 

PEREMPTORINESS (per'emp-to-ri-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being peremptory. 

PEREMPTORY (per'emp-to-ri), a. Precluding 
debate; authoritative; dogmatical; absolute. 

PERENNIAL (per-eni-al), I. a. 1. Lasting 
through the year. 2. Perpetual. 3. Bot. Last- 
ing more than two years. II. n. Plant that 
continues for many years, though flowering 
annually. [L. perennis — per, through, and 
annus, year.] 

PERENNIALLY (per-en'i-al-i), adv. In a per- 
ennial manner. 

PERFECT (per'fekt), a. 1. Done thoroughly 
or completely; completed; not defective. 2. 
Unblemished. 3. Possessing every moral 
excellence. 4. Completely skilled or ac- 
quainted. 5. Gram. Expressing an act com- 
pleted. [Fr. — L. perfectus, p.p. of perficio — 
per, through, and facio, do^] 

SYN. Consummate; complete; finished; 
faultless; immaculate. ANT. Incomplete; 
deficient; defective; imperfect; blemished; 
spoilt. 

PERFECT (per-fekf or per'fekt), vt. [pr.p. PER- 
FECTING; p.t. and p.p. PERFECTED.] 1. 
Finish or complete, so as to leave nothing 
wanting. 2. Make fully skilled, informed, or 
expert. 

PERFECTIBILITY (per-fekt-i-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being perfectible. 

PERFECTIBLE (per-fekti-bl), a. That may be 
made perfect. 

PERFECTING-PRESS (per-fekt'ing-pres), n. 
Print. Press in which the paper is printed on 
both sides at one passage through it. 

PERFECTION (per-fek shun), n. 1. State of 
being perfect. 2. Perfect quality or acquire- 
ment. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



PERFECTIONIST 



819 



PERIHELION 



PERFECTIONIST (per-fek'shun-ist), n. 1. One 
who pretends to be perfect. 2. Enthusiast in 
religion or politics. 

PERFECTIVE (per-fekt'iv), a. Tending to make 
perfect. 

PERFECTLY (per'fekt-li), adv. In a perfect 
manner; completely; exactly. 

PERFECTNESS (per'fekt-nes), n. State or qual- 
ity of being perfect; consummate excellence. 

PERFERVID (per-fer'vid), a. Very hot, fervent, 
or ardent. [PER- and FERVID.] 

PERFICIENT (per-fish'ent), I. a. Actual; 
effectual. II. n. One who does a complete 
or lasting work, as endowing a charity. [L.] 

PERFIDIOUS (per-fid'i-us), o. Faithless; un- 
faithful; violating trust or confidence; treach- 
erous. 

PERFIDIOUSLY (per-fid'I-us-li), adv. In a per- 
fidious manner. 

PERFIDIOUSNESS (per-fid'i-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being perfidious. 

PERFIDY (per'fi-di), n. [pi. PERFIDIES (per'fi- 
diz).] Faithlessness; treachery. [L. perfidia — 
perfidus, faithless; per, away from, and fides, 
faith.] 

PERFLATION (per-fla'shun), «. Act of blowing 
through. [L. perflatio.] 

PERFOLIATE (per-foli-at), a. Having a stem 
that seems to pass through the leaf. [PER- 
and L. folium, leaf.] 

PERFORABLE (per'fo-ra-bl), a. That may be 
perforated. 

PERFORATE (per'fo-rat), vt. [pr.p. PERFO- 
RATING; p.t. and p.p. PERFORATED.] Bore 
through; pierce; make a hole through. [L. 
perforo — per, through, and foro, bore.] 

PERFORATION (per-fo-ra'shun), w. 1. Act of 
boring or piercing through. 2. Hole through 
anything. 

PERFORATOR (per'fo-ra-tur), n. Instrument 
for perforating ; also 
called perforating-ma- 
chine. — Paper perfora- 
tor, device for perfo- 
rating paper. 

PERFORCE (per-fors), 
adv. By force; of ne- 
cessity. 

PERFORM (per-farm')» 
v. [pr.p. PERFORM'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p- 
PERFORMED (per- 
farmd').] I. vt. 1. Carry 
through; bring to com- 
pletion. 2. Act up to; 
fulfill. 3. Play, act, or 
represent as on the stage. II. vi. Act a part ; 
acquit one's self; do. [O. Fr. par, through, 
and fournir, furnish.] 

PERFORMABLE (per-farm'a-bl), a. Capable 
of being performed; practicable. 

PERFORMANCE (per-farm'ans), n. 1. Act of 
performing; carrying out of something. 2. 




Perforating Machine 
and Blades. 



Something done. 3. Public execution or ex- 
hibition. 

PERFORMER (per-farm'er), n. One who per- 
forms, especially one who makes a public 
exhibition of his skill. 

PERFUME (per'fum or per-fum), n. 1. Sweet- 
smelling scent; pleasant odor. 2. Anything 
which yields a pleasant odor. [Fr. parfum — 
L. per, through, and fumus, smoke.] 

SYN. Fragrance; redolence; aroma. 
ANT. Smell; stench; stink. 

PERFUME (per-fum'), vt. [pr.p. PERFU'MING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERFUMED (per-fumd').l Im- 
pregnate with perfume; scent. 

PERFUMER (per-fu'mer), n. 1. One who or 
that which perfumes. 2. One who trades in 
perfumes. 

PERFUMERY (per-fu'mer-i), n. [pi. PERFU- 
MERIES (per-fu'mer-iz).] 1. Perfumes In 
general. 2. Art of preparing perfumes. 

PERFUNCTORILY (per-fungk'to-ri-li), adv. In 
a perfunctory manner. 

PERFUNCTORINESS (per-fungk'to-ri-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being perfunctory. 

PERFUNCTORY (per-fungk'to-ri), a. Care- 
lessly performed; negligent; slight. [L. per, 
through, and fungor, do.] 

PERFUSE (per-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. PERFU'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERFUSED (per-fuzd')-] Spread 
over or through. [L. perfusus, p.p. of per- 
fundo, suffuse.] 

PERHAPS (per-haps'), adv. It may be; possibly. 
[PER-, and haps, pi. of HAP.] 

PERI (pe'ri), n. In Persian mythology, a male 
or female elf; a descendant of fallen angels. 
[Pers. pari.] 

PERI-, prefix. Around; about; near. [Gr.] 

PERIANTH (per'f-anth), n. Floral envelope of 
those plants in which the calyx and corolla 
are not easily distinguished. [Gr. peri, around, 
about, and anthos, flower.] 

PERICARDIAC (per-i-kar'di-ak), PERICAR- 
DIAL (per-i-kardi-al), PEREC ARDIAN (per-1- 
kar'di-an), a. Relating to the pericardium. 

PERICARDITIS (per-i-kar-di'tis), n. Inflam- 
mation of the pericardium. 

PERICARDIUM (per-i-kar'di-um), n. [pi. PERI- 
CAR'DIA.] Membrane which surrounds the 
heart. [L. L. — Gr. perikardion — peri, around, 
and hardia, heart.] 

PERICARP (per'i-karp), n. Seed-vessel of a 
plant, as a nut, pea-pod, apple, etc. [Gr. perl, 
around, and harpos, fruit.] 

PERICRANIUM (per-i-kra'ni-um), n. Mem- 
brane that surrounds the cranium. [Gr. peri, 
and hranion, skull.] 

PERIDROME (per'i-drom), n. Open gallery 
between the walls of a building and the sur- 
rounding columns. [Gr. peridromos.} 

PERIGEE (per'i-je), n. Astron. Point of the 
moon's orbit nearest the earth — opposed to 
APOGEE. [Gr. peri, near, and ge, earth.] 

PERIHELION (per-i-heli-un), PERIHELIUM 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ie.n, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PERIL 



820 



PERIWINKLE 



(per-i-he'li-um), n. Point of the orbit of a 
planet or comet nearest to the sun — opposed 
to APHELION. [Gr. peri, near, and helios, sun.] 

PERIL (peril), n. Exposure to. danger; danger. 
[Fr. peril — L. periculum, danger, trial, ex- 
periment.] 

PERIL (per'il), vt. [pr.p. PER'ILING; p.t. and 
p.p. PERILED (per'ild).] Expose to danger; 
risk; hazard. 

PERILOUS (per'il-us), a. Full of peril; dan- 
gerous. 

PERILOUSLY (per'il-us-li), adv. In a perilous 
manner or degree. 

PERIMETER (per-im'e-ter), n. Circuit or 
boundary of any plane figure, or sum of all 
Its sides. [Gr. peri, around, and metron, 
measure.] 

PERINEU3I (per-I-ne'um), n. Region of the 
body between the thighs. [L.L. — Gr. perinaion.] 

PERIOD (pe'ri-ud), n. 1. Time In which some- 
thing is performed. 2. Astron, Time occupied 
by a body in its revolution. 3. Stated and 
recurring interval of time. 4. Series of years. 
5. Length of duration. 6. Time at which 
anything ends. 7. Conclusion. 8. 3Iark at 
the end of a sentence. 9. Complete sentence. 
10. [pi.] Physiol. Menses. [Fr. periode — Gr. 
peri, around, and hodos, way.] 

SYN. Time; date; epoch; era; age; limit; 
end. ANT. Infinity; eternity; perpetuity. 

PERIODIC (pS-ri-od'ik), PERIODICAL (pe-rl- 
od'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a period. 2. 
Happening by revolution. 3. Occurring at 
regular intervals. 4. Pertaining to periodicals. 

PERIODICAL (pe-ri-od'ik-al), n. Magazine or 
other publication which appears at regular 
periods. 

PERIODICALLY (pe-ri-od'ik-al-1), adv. In a 
periodic manner. 

PERIODICITY (pe-ri-o-dis'i-tl), n. State of 
being periodic. 

PERIOSTEUM (per-i-os'te-um), n. Fibrous 
membrane surrounding the bones. [Gr. peri, 
around, and osteon, bone.] 

PERIOTIC (per-i-6'tik), a. Surrounding the 
inner ear. [Gr. peri, around, and ous, 6t~, ear.] 

PERIPATETIC (per-i-pa-tetik), I. a. 1. Walk- 
ing about. 2. [P-] Pertaining to the philos- 
ophy of Aristotle, who taught while walking 
up and down in the Lyceum at Athens. II. 
n. 1. Pedestrian. 2. [P-] Adherent of the 
philosophy of Aristotle. [Gr. peri, around, and 
pated, walk.] 

PERIPHERY (per-lf'er-1), n. [pi. PERIPHER- 
IES (per-if'er-iz).] Circumference of a circle 
or any figure. [Gr. peri, around, and pher6, 
carry.] 

PERIPHRASE (per'I-fraz), PERIPHRASIS (per- 
if'ra-sis), n. 1. Roundabout way of speak- 
ing; circumlocution. 2. Figure employed to 
avoid a trite expression. [Gr. periphrasis — 
peri, around, and phrasis, speaking.] 

PERIPHRASE (per'1-fraz), v. [pr.p. PERI- 



PHRASING; p.t. and p.p. PERIPHRASED 

(per'i-frazd).] I. vt. Express by circumlocu- 
tion. II. vi. Make use of circumlocution. 

PERIPHRASTIC (per-i-fras'tik), a. Of the na- 
ture of a periphrase. 

PERISCOPE (per'i-skop), n. Instrument similar 
to the altiscope, used in directing submarine 
boats. [Gr. peri, about, and skopeo, look.] 

PERISCOPIC (per-i-skopik), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to the periscope. 2. Viewing all 
around or on all sides. 

PERISH (per'ish), vi. [pr.p. PER'ISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. PERISHED (per'isht).] 1. Pass away 
completely. 2. Re destroyed, ruined, or lost. 
[M.E. perisshen — Fr. perissant, pr.p. of perir 
— L. pereo, perish.] 

SYN. Die; decay; waste away; depart. 

PERISHARLE (per'ish-a-bl), a. That may 
perish; subject to speedy decay. 

SYN. Frail; fragile; ephemeral; evanes- 
cent. ANT. Enduring; lasting; imperish- 
able; permanent. 

PERISOMA (per-i-so'ma), n. Covering of the 
body of an invertebrate animal. [Gr.] 

PERISPERM (per'i-sperm), n. Albumen stored 
up in a seed outside of the embryo-cell. [Gr. 
peri, around, and spertna, seed.] 

PERISTALSIS (per-i-stal'sis), n. Peristaltic 
action, as of the alimentary canal. [Gr. peri, 
around, and stalsis, constriction.] 

PERISTALTIC (per-i-staltik), a. Contracting 
in waves; applied to the worm-like motion of 
the Intestines. [Gr. peristaltikos, compressive 
— peri, around, and stello, place.] 

PERISTYLE (peri-stil), n. Range of columns 
around a building or square. [Gr. peristylon — 
peri, around, and stylos, column.] 

PERITONEUM (per-i-to-ne'um), n. Membrane 
lining the abdominal cavity and enveloping 
the viscera. [Gr. peri, around, and teind, 
stretch.] 

PERITONITIS (per-i-to-ni'tis), n. Inflamma- 
tion of the peritoneum. 

PERITYPHLITIS (per-i-tif-li'tis), n. Inflam- 
mation of the vermiform appendix and its 
connective tissues. [Gr. peri, around, and 
typhlos, blind (caecum).] 

PERIVISCERAL (per-i-vis'ser-al), a. Surround- 
ing the viscera. [Gr. peri, around, and L. 
viscera.] 

PERIWIG (peri-wig), n. Wig. [O. Dut. peruyk 
— Fr. perruque, peruke.] 

PERIWINKLE (per'i-wingk-1), n. Creeping 
evergreen plant. 
[A. S. pervincce — 
L. per, through, 
and vincio, bind.] 

PERIWINKLE 
(per'i-wingk-1), n. 
Small univalve 
mollusk. [Cor- Periwinkle {Vinca min or). 
rupted by confusion with preceding noun. 
[From A.S. pinewincla, of doubtful meaning.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, "burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



PERJURE 



821 



PERPETUATE 



PERJURE (per'jur), vt. [pr.p. PERJURING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERJURER (per'jurd).] Make 
guilty of a false oath. [L. perjuro, forswear.] 

PERJURED (per'jurd), a. Guilty of perjury. 

PERJURER (per'jur-er), n. One who perjures 
himself. 

PERJURY (per'ju-ri), n. [pi. PERJURIES (per- 
ju-riz).] False swearing; act of willfully giving 
false evidence on oath. [L. perjurium.] 

PERK (perk), a. Trim; spruce; jaunty; pert. 
[Wei. perc, trim, smart.] 

PERK (perk), v. [pr.p. PERKING; p.t. and p.p. 
PERKED (perkt).] I. vt. 1. Make smart or 
trim; dress up. 2. Prick up. II. vi. Act 
jauntily; toss or jerk the head. 

PERMANENCE (per'ma-nens), PERMANENCY 
(per'ma-nen-si), n. State or quality of being 
permanent; continuance in the same state; 
duration. 

PERMANENT (per'ma-nent), a. Lasting; dur- 
able; fixed. [L. per, through, and tnaneo, 
continue.] 

PERMANENTLY (per'ma-nent-li), adv. In a 
permanent state or manner. 

PERMEABILITY (per-me-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being permeable. 

PERMEABLE (per'me-a-bl), a. That may be 
permeated. [L. permeabilis.] 

PERMEABLY (per'me-a-bli), adv. In a per- 
meable manner. 

PER31EATE (per'me-at), vt. [pr.p. PER'MEA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PER'MEATED.] Pass 
through the pores of; penetrate and pass 
through. [L. per, through, and meo, go.] 

PERMEATION (per-me-a'shun), n. Act of 
permeating. 

PERMISSIBLE (per-mis'i-bl), a. That may be 
permitted ; allowable. 

PERMISSIBLY (per-mis'i-bli), adv. In a per- 
missible manner. 

PERMISSION (per-mish'un), n. 1. Act of per- 
mitting. 2. Liberty granted; allowance; leave. 
[Fr. — L. permissio.] 

PERMISSIVE (per-mis'iv), a. 1. Granting per- 
mission or liberty; allowing. 2. Granted. 

PERMISSIVELY (per-mis'iv-li), adv. By per- 
mission. 

PERMIT (per-mit), vt. [pr.p. PERMITTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERMITTED.] 1. Give leave to. 
2. Consent to. 3. Afford means to. [L. permitto 
— per, through, and mitto, send.] 

SYN. Allow; admit; endure; suffer; 
stand ; tolerate ; grant; authorize; empower; 
let; license. ANT. Forbid; refuse; disallow. 

PERMIT (per'mit or per-mit'), n. Permission; 
warrant, or license; specifically, a written 
permission. 

PERMUTABLE (per-mu'ta-bl), a. That may 
be exchanged. 

PERMUTATION (per-mu-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of changing one thing for another. 2. 3Iath. 
Arrangement of things or letters in every 
possible order. 



PERMUTE (per-mut), vt. [pr.p. PERMUTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERMUTED.] Interchange. 
[L. permuto — per, through, and muto, change.] 

PERNAMBUCO (per-nam-bo'ko), n. Seaport, 
N. Brazil. 

PERNICIOUS (per-nish'us), a. Hurtful; de- 
structive; highly injurious. [L. pemiciosus — 
per, through, and nex, necis, death by violence.] 

PERNICIOUSLY (per-nish'us-ii), adv. In a 
pernicious manner. 

PERNICIOUSNESS (per-nish'us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being pernicious. 

PERNICKETY (per-nik'e-ti), a. 1. Requiring 
minute attention and painstaking labor. 2. 
Fussy; precise in trifles. 3. Vexatious; pro- 
voking. (Colloq.) 

PERONE (per'o-ne), n. Smaller bone of the leg; 
fibula. [Gr., pin.] 

PERORATION (per-o-ra'shun), n. 1. Conclu- 
sion of a speech. 2. Speech. [L. per, through, 
and oro, speak.] 

PEROXID (per-oks'id), PEROXIDE (per-oks'id), 
n. That oxid of a given base which contains 
the largest amount of oxygen; as, pcroxid of 
hydrogen. 

PERPENDICULAR (per-pen-dik'u-lar), I. a. 1. 
Exactly upright. 2. Geom. At 
right angles to a given line or 
surface. II. n. Perpendicular 
line or plane. [L. per, through, 
and pendeo,h&ng — pan, wall. 
See PANE.] 

PERPENDICULARITY (per- 
pen-dik-u-lar'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being perpendicular. 

PERPENDICULARLY(per-pen-dik / u-lar-ii) 5 a<?v. 
In a perpendicular manner. 

PERPETRATE (per'pe-trat), vt. [pr.p. PERPE- 
TRATING, p.t. and p.p. PER'PETRATED.] 
Perform; commit (usually in a bad sense). 
[L. per, through., and patro, perform — root of 
POTENT.] 

PERPETRATION (per-pe-tra'shun), n. Act of 
perpetrating; that which is perpetrated, es- 
pecially, a wicked action or crime. 

PERPETRATOR (per'pe-tra-tur), n. One who 
perpetrates. 

PERPETUABLE (per-pet'u-a-bl), a. That may 
be made perpetual. 

PERPETUAL (per-pet'u-al), a. Never ceasing. 
[L. per, through, and peto, seek.] 

SYN. Everlasting; endless; unceasing; 
continual; continuous; constant; inter- 
minable; incessant; eternal. ANT. Periodic; 
recurrent; occasional; casual; transient. 

PERPETUALLY (per-pet'u-al-i), adv. In a 
perpetual manner; incessantly. 

PERPETUATE (per-pet'u-at), vt. [pr.p. PER- 
PETRATING; p.t. and p.p. PERPETUATED.] 
Make perpetual; preserve from extinction or 
oblivion. 

SYN. Continue; establish. ANT. Dis- 
continue; abolish; disestablish; break. 



Perpendicular. 

A C D and BCD being 
right angles, the straight 
li^e DC is perpendic- 
ular to A B. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PERPETUATION 



822 



PERSONAGE 



PERPETUATION (per-pet-u-a'shun), n. Act of 
perpetuating. 

PERPETUITY (per-pe-tu'i-ti), n. [pi. PERPETU- 
ITIES (per-pe-tu'i-tiz).] 1. State of being 
perpetual; endless duration. 2. Something 
perpetual. 

PERPLEX (per-pleks), vt. [pr.p. PERPLEXING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERPLEXED (per-plekst ).] 1. 
Make difficult to understand. 2. Embarrass; 
puzzle. 3. Tease with suspense or doubt. 
[L. perplexus, entangled — plecto, plait, braid.] 

PERPLEXITY (per-pleksi-ti), n. [pi. PER- 
PLEXITIES (per-pleks'i-tiz).] 1. State of being 
perplexed; embarrassment; doubt. 2. That 
which perplexes. 

SYN. Rewilderment; distraction; con- 
fusion. ANT. Certainty; conviction. 

PERQUISITE (per'kwi-zit), n. 1. Allowance 
granted besides the fixed wages or salary. 2. 
Fee allowed an officer for extra service. [L. 
per, through, and queer o, seek, ask.] 

PERRON (per'un), ». Ornamental, external 
flight of steps. [O. Fr. — L. petra, stone.] 

PERRUQUIER (per-ro-kya'), n. Maker of pe- 
rukes or wigs. [Fr.] 

PERRY (per'i), n. Pear cider. [Fr. poire.] 

PER SE (per se). 1. By himself, herself or it- 
self. 2. Essentially. [L.] 

PERSECUTE (per'se-kut), vt. [pr.p. PERSE- 
CUTING; p.t. and p.p. PERSECUTED.] 1. 
Pursue so as to injure or annoy; harass. 2. 
Annoy or punish, especially for religious or 
political opinions. [L. per, through, and 
sequor, follow.] 

SYN. Harass; molest; torment; worry; 
vex; afflict; distress; oppress. ANT. En- 
courage; support; aid; assist; befriend. 

PERSECUTION (per-se-ku'shun), n. 1. Act or 
practice of persecuting. 2. State of being 
persecuted. 

PERSECUTOR (per'se-ku-tur), n. [fern. PER'- 
SECTJTRIX.] One who persecutes. 

Persephone (per-sefo-ne), Proserpina 

(pro-ser'pi-na), n. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Jupiter and Ceres; wife of Pluto; personifica- 
tion of the seasons ; six months of the year she 
passed in Hades and six on earth. 

PERSEUS (per'sus), n. Greek Myth. A son of 
Zeus and Danae; his first famous exploit was 
against Medusa; assisted by Pluto, who gave 
him a helmet which would make him in- 
visible, by Pallas, who lent him her shield, 
and Mercury, who supplied him with wings; 
he cut off Medusa's head, and from the blood 
sprang the winged horse Pegasus. 

PERSEVERANCE fper-se-ver'ans), n. Act or 
state of persevering. [L. perseverantia — per, 
through, and severus, strict.] 

PERSEVERE (per-se-ver), vi. [pr.p. PER- 
SEVERING; p.t. and p.p. PERSEVERED 
(per-se-verd').] Persist; pursue anything 
steadily. [L. persevero — perscverus, very strict 
— per, through, and severus, strict.] 



PERSEVERING (per-se-ver'ing), a. Persistent 
constant; steadfast. 

PERSEVERINGLY (per-se- 
ver'ing-li), adv. In a perse- 
vering manner. 

PERSIA (per'shi-a), n. King- 
dom in West Central Asia. 
Area 628,000 sq. m. 

PERSIAN (per'shanj, I. a. Of 
or pertaining to Persia. II. 
n. Native of Persia. 

PERSIENNES (per-si-en), w, 
pi. Exterior window blinds, 
made of thin wooden slats, 
movable in a frame. [Fr.] 

PERSIFLAGE (per-se-flazh'), i 
banter. [Fr.] 

PERSIMMON (per-sim'un), n. 1. Tall tree (Dios- 
pyros virginiana), bearing orange-red plum- 
like fruit, very astringent when green, but 
edible when ripe. 2. Its fruit. [Am. Ind.] 




Muzaffered-Din— 
Shah of Persia. 
Born 1853, died 
1907. 

Light raillery; 




1 2 

Persimmon. 

1. Whole fruit. 2. Fruit cut open showing seed. 

PERSIST (per-sisf), vi. Continue in a course; 
persevere. [L. per, through, sisto, cause to 
stand — sto, stand.] 

PERSISTENCE (per-sistens), PERSISTENCY 
(per-sist'en-si), n. Quality of being persistent; 
perseverance; obstinacy; duration. 

PERSISTENT (per-sistent), a. 1. Persisting; 
tenacious. 2. Fixed. 3. Bot. Remaining till 
or after the fruit is ripe. 

PERSISTENTLY (per-sistent-li), adv. In a per- 
sistent manner. 

PERSISTINGLY (per-sist'ing-li), adv. In a per- 
sisting manner; persistently; perseveringly. 

PERSON (per'sun), n. 1. Character represented, 
as on the stage; character. 2. Individual; 
living soul. 3. Outward appearance, etc.; 
body. 4. Gram. Distinction in form, accord- 
ing as the subject of the verb is the person 
speaking, spoken to, or spoken of. — In person, 
by one's self, not by a representative. [L. 
persona, mask used by players.] 

PERSONA (per-so'na), n. Person. — Persona 
grata, person in favor or acceptable. — Persona 
non grata, person not in favor or acceptable, 
as an ambassador who is objectionable to the 
sovereign to whom he is accredited. [L.] 

PERSONABLE (per'sun-a-bl), c. Having a well- 
formed body or person; of good appearance. 

PERSONAGE (per'sun-aj), n. 1. Person. 2. 



late, fat, task, far, fall. fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch uude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PERSONAL 



833 



PERTINACITY 



Character represented. 3. Individual of em- 
inence. 

PERSONAL (per'sun-al), a. 1. Belonging to a 
person; peculiar to a person or his private con- 
cerns. 2. Pertaining to the external appear- 
ance. 3. Bene in person. 4. Applying of- 
fensively to one's character. 5. Gram. De- 
noting the person. — Personal liberty, right 
claimed by members of certain societies to 
engage in such acts or observe such customs 
as they choose, so long as they do not inter- 
fere with the civil or social rights of others. 

PERSONALITY (per-sun-al'i-ti), n. [pi. PER- 
SONALITIES (per-sun-al'i-tiz).] 1. Thatwhich 
constitutes distinction of person; individuality. 
2. Personal remark or reflection. 

PERSONALLY (per'sun-al-i), adv. 1. In a per- 
sonal or direct manner; in person. 2. In- 
dividually. 3. Concerning one's self. 

PERSONALTY (per'sun-al-ti), n. Personal 
estate; movable property, as distinguished 
from REALTY. 

PERSONATE (per'sun-at), vt. [pr.p. PERSON- 
ATING ; p.t. and p.p. PERSONATED.] Assume 
the character of; represent; describe. 

PERSONATION (per-sun-a'shun), n. Act of 
personating. 

PERSON ATOR (per'sun-a-tiir), n. One who 
personates. 

PERSONIFICATION (per-son-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
Act of personifying. 

PERSONIFY (per-son'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. PERSONI- 
FYING; p.t. and p.p. PERSONIFIED (per- 
son' i-fid).] 1. Ascribe to any inanimate ob- 
ject the qualities of a person. 2. Imperson- 
ate; embody. 

PERSONNEL (per-sun-nel')» n. Persons con- 
stituting a body, as the army — opposed to 
MATERIEL, the stores, guns, etc. 

PERSPECTIVE (per-spek'tiv), I. n. 1. View; 
vista. 2. Art of delineating objects on a plane 
surface as they appear to the eye. 3. Picture 
in perspective. 4. Telescope; magnifying 
glass. II. a. Pertaining, or according, to 
perspective. [L. per, through, and specio, look.] 

PERSPECTIVELY (per-spek'tiv-li), adv. Ac- 
cording to the rules of perspective. 

PERSPECTOGRAPHY (per-spek-togra-fl), n. 
1. Science of perspective. 2. Art of drawing 
according to the rules of perspective. 

PERSPICACIOUS (per-spi-ka'shus), a. Of clear 
or acute understanding. [L. perspicax — per- 
spicio, see through.] 

PERSPICACITY (per-spi-kas'i-ti), n. Acuteness 
or quickness of discernment. 
SYN. Sagacity; penetration. 

PERSPICUITY (per-spi-kui-ti), n. Clearness; 
freedom from obscurity. 

PERSPICUOUS (per-spik'u-us), a. Clear to the 
mind; not obscure or ambiguous. [L. per- 
spicuus — perspicio, see through.] 

PERSPICUOUSLY (per-spik'u-us-li), adv. In 
a perspicuous manner. 



PERSPICUOUSNESS (per-spik'u-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being perspicuous. 

PERSPIRATION (per-spi-rashun), n. 1. Act of 
perspiring. 2. That which is perspired ; sweat. 

PERSPIRATORY (per-spir'a-to-ri), a. Pertain- 
ing to, or causing, perspiration. 

PERSPIRE (per-spir), v. [pr.p. PERSPIR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERSPIRED (per-spird').] I. vt. 
Emit through the pores of the skin. II. vi. 
Sweat. [L. per, through, and spiro, breathe, 
blow.] 

PERSUADABLE (per-swa/da-bl), a. Capable of 
being persuaded. 

PERSUADE (per-swad), vt. [pr.p. PERSUA- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. PERSUADED.] 1. Influ- 
ence successfully by argument, advice, expos- 
tulation, etc. 2. Counsel; urge. 3. Convince. 
[L. per, through, and suadeo, advise.] 

SYN. Induce; influence; incline; dis- 
pose; convince. ANT. Deter; disincline; 
indispose. 

PERSUADER (per-swa'der), n. One who or that 
which persuades. 

PERSUASIBILIT Y (per-swa-si-bil'i-ti), n. Capa- 
bility of being persuaded. 

PERSUASIBLE (per-swasi-bl), a. Capable of 
being persuaded. 

PERSUASIBLENESS (per-swa'si-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being persuasible. 

PERSUASION (per-swa'zhun), n. 1. Act of 
persuading. 2. State of being persuaded. 3. 
Settled opinion; creed. 4. Party adhering to 
a creed. 

PERSUASIVE (per-swa'siv), I. a. Having the 
power to persuade; influencing the mind or 
passions. II. n. That which persuades or tends 
tc persuade. 

PERSUASIVELY (per-swa'siv-li), adv. In a 
persuasive manner. 

PERSUASIVENESS (per-swa'siv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being persuasive. 

PERT (pert), a. Lively; forward; saucy. [A 
form of PERK.] 

PERTAIN (per-tan), vi. [pr.p. PERTAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERTAINED (per-tand').] 1- 
Belong; appertain — (followed by to or unto). 
2. Have bearing or reference; refer; apply; 
relate. [O. Fr. partenir — L. pertineo — per, 
through, and teneo, hold.] 

PERTH (perth), n. Capital of W. Australia. 

PERTH (perth), n. City, Perthshire, Scotland. 

PERTINACIOUS (per-ti-na'shus), a. Holding 
obstinately to an opinion or purpose; dogged. 
[Fr. — L. pertinax. See TENACIOUS.] 

SYN. Firm; obstinate; persistent; per- 
severing. ANT. Flexible; inconstant; Ir- 
resolute; volatile. 

PERTINACIOUSLY (per-ti-na'shus-li), adv. In 
a pertinacious manner. 

PERTINACIOUSNESS (per-ti-na'shus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being pertinacious. 

PERTINACITY (per-ti-nas'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being unyielding; obstinacy. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h-ch in Scotch loch. 



PERTINENCE 



824 



PESTILENCE 



In a pert manner; 
Quality or state of 



PERTINENCE (per'ti-nens), PERTINENCY 
(per'ti-nen-si), n. Quality or state of being 
pertinent. 
PERTINENT (per'ti-nent), a. Pertaining to the 
subject. 

SYN. Relevant; apposite; appropriate; 
fit; pat; material; suitable; apt; adapted; 
proper. ANT. Impertinent; inappropriate; 

Incongruous; repugnant. 
PERTINENTLY (perti-nent-li), adv. In a 

pertinent manner. 
PERTLY (pert'li), adv. 

saucily ; f orwardly. 
PERTNESS (pert'nes), i 

being pert. 

SYN. Impudence; forwardness; boldness; 

impertinence. ANT. Diffidence; shyness; 

reserve* 
PERTURB (per-turb'), vt. [pr.p. PERTURB- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PERTURBED (per-turbd').l 

Disturb greatly; agitate. [L. per, through, 

and turbo, disturb.] 
PERTURBABLE (per-turb'a-bl), a. That may 

be disquieted. 
PERTURBATION (per-tur-ba'shun), n. 1. State 

of being perturbed; disquiet of mind. 2. 

Astron. Deviation of a heavenly body from 

its normal orbit. 
PERU (pe-ro')> n. Republic, S. America. Area 

438,998 sq. m. 
PERUKE (per'- 

6k or per-6k')» 

n. Artificial cap 

of hair ; wig. 

[Fr perruque 

— It. parrucca 

(Sp. peluca) — ■ 

L. pilus, hair.] Perukes. 

PERUSABLE (pe-ro'za-bl), a. Capable of being 

perused; fit to be perused. 
PERUSAL (pe-ro'zal), n. Act of perusing; exam- 
ination; study. 
PERUSE (pe-roz')» vt. [pr.p. PERU'SING; p.t. 

and p.p. PERUSED (pe-rozd').] Read atten- 
tively; read over or through. [PER- and USE.] 
PERUSER (pe-ro'zer), n. One who peruses. 
PERUVIAN (pe-ro'vi-an), I. a. Pertaining to 

Peru in S. America. II. n. 

Native of Peru. 
PERVADE (per-vad), vt. 

[pr.p. PERVADING; p.t. 

and p.p. PERVADED.] Go 

through; penetrate; spread 

all over. [L. per, through, 

and vado, go.] 
PERVASION (per-va'zhun), 

n. Passing through the 

whole of a thing. 
PERVASIVE (per-va'siv), a. 

Tending, or having power, 

to pervade. 
PERVERSE (per-vers'), a. 





Manuel Candamo, 
elected president 
of Peru in 1903. 



Turned aside, 
around or the wrong way; obstinate in the 



wrong; stubborn; vexatious. [L. perversus, 
p.p. of perverto, overturn.] 

PERVERSELY (per-vers'li), adv. In a perverse 
manner. 

PERVERSENESS (per-vers'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being perverse. 

PERVERSION (per-ver'shun), n. 1. Act of 
perverting. 2. Diverting from the true ob- 
ject. 3. Turning from the truth or pro- 
priety. 4. Misapplication. 

PERVERSITY (per-ver'si-ti), n. [pi. PERVER- 
SITIES (per-ver'si-tiz).] Quality or state of 
being perverse; perverse behavior. 

PERVERSIVE (per-versiv), a. Having power, 
or tending, to pervert or corrupt. 

PERVERT (per' vert), n Apostate; one who 
has forsaken his religion or party. 

PERVERT (per-vert), vt. [pr.p. PERVERTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PERVERTED.] Turn from the 
right course; change from its true use; cor- 
rupt. [L. perverto — per, through, and verto, 
turn.] 

SYN. Distort; mislead; debase. ANT. 
Correct; rectify; restore. 

PERVERTIBLE (per-vert'i-bl), a. Able to be 
perverted. 

PERVIOUS (per'vi-us), a. Penetrable. [I,, per- 
vius — per, through, and via, way.] 

PERVIOUSNESS (per'vi-us-nes), n Quality or 
state of being pervious. 

PESKILY (pes'ki-li), adv. In a pesky manner. 

PESKY (pes'ki), a Troublesome; annoying. 
(Colloq ) 

PESO (pa/so), n. Old Spanish dollar. [Sp.] 

PESSIMISM (pesi-mizm), n. 1. Doctrine that 
this world is the worst possible or that every- 
thing is ordered for the worst. 2. Tendency 
to look too much, or exclusively, on the dark 
side of things or of life; opposed to OPTI- 
MISM. [L. pessimus, superl. of malus, bad.] 

PESSIMIST (pesi-mist), n. 1. One who believes 
the doctrine of pessimism 2. One inclined 
to a dark view of things or of life; opposed 
to OPTIMIST. [L- pessimus, worst.] 

PESSIMISTIC (pes-i-mis'tik), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to pessimism. 2. Taking a gloomy 
or unfavorable view of matters or events. 

PEST (pest), n. 1. Deadly epidemic disease; 
plague. 2. Anything destructive. [Fr. peste 
— L. pestis, contagious disease.] 

PESTER (pester), vt. [pr.p. PESTERING; p.t. 
and p.p. PESTERED (pes'terd).] Disturb; 
annoy. [O. Fr. empestrer (Fr. empetrer), en- 
tangle — L. L. pastorium, the foot shackle of a 
horse at pasture.] 

PESTHOUSE (pesthows), n. House or hospital 
for persons afflicted with contagious disease. 

PESTIFEROUS (pes-tif'er-us), a. Bearing pes- 
tilence; pestilent; noxious; annoying. [L. 
pestis, plague, and fero, bear.] 

PESTIFEROUSLY (pes-tif'er-us-li), adv. In a 
pestiferous manner. 

PESTILENCE (pes'ti-lens), n. Contagious and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PESTILENT 



825 



PETULANTLY 




deadly disease. [Fr. — L. pestilentia — pes- 

Wens, unhealthy.] 
PESTILENT (pes'ti-lent), o. 1. Producing pes- 
tilence. 2. Hurtful to health and life; mis- 
chievous; troublesome. 
PESTILENTIAL (pes-ti-len'shal), a. Of the 

nature of pestilence; producing pestilence; 

destructive. 
PESTLE (pes'l), n. Instrument for pounding 

anything in a mortar. [O. Fr. 

pestel — L. pistillum — pinso, 

pistum, pound.] 
PET (pet), I. n. 1. Tame and 

fondled animal. 2. Darling; 

favorite child. 3. Fit, as of 

peevishness (like a spoiled 

child). II. a. Petted; indulged; 

favorite. [Celt., as in Ir. peat, 

Gael, peata.] 
PET (pet), vt. [pr.p. PET'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

PET'TED.] Make a pet of; fondle; caress. 
PETAL (pet'al), n. Corolla-leaf. [Gr. petalon, 

leaf.] 
PETARD (pe-tard'), 

n. Engine of war 

used to break 

down barriers, 

etc., by explosion. 

[Fr. peter, break 

wind, explode.] 
PETARY (pe'ta-rl), 

n Peat-bog. [See 

PEAT.] 
PETER (pe'ter), vi. 

[pr.p.PETERING ; 

p.t. and p.p. PETERED (pe'terd).] Gradually 

dwindle or diminish and then fail or cease; 

usually with out. [Origin doubtful.] 
PETIOLE (pet'i-61), n. Leaf-stalk. [Fr. — L. 

petiolus, little foot.] 
PETIT (pet'l), a. Petty; small; inferior. — Petit 

jury, jury to try cases, as distinguished from 

GRAND JURY. [Fr.] 
PETITE (pe-tef), a. Small; little; tiny. [Fr., 

fern, of petit.] 
PETITION (pe-tlsh'un), n. Request; prayer; 

supplication. [L. petitionem, petitio, a seek- 
ing or asking — peto, ask.] 
PETITION (pe-tlsh'un), vt. [pr.p. PETITION- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PETITIONED (pe-tish'- 

und).] 1. Present a petition to. 2. Ask as 

a favor; entreat; supplicate. 
PETITIONARY (pe-tish'un-a-rl), a. Containing 

a petition ; supplicatory. 
PETITIONER (pe-tlsh'un er), n. One who offers 

a petition or prayer. 
PETITIONING (pe-tish'un-ing), n. Act of pre- 
senting a petition; entreaty; solicitation. 
PETREL (pet'rel), n. Small ocean bird, which 

appears during flight to touch the surface of 

the waves with its feet. [Prob. so called in 

allusion to St. Peter's walking on the sea.] 
PETRIFACTION (pet-ri-fak'shun), n. 1. Turn- 




Petals of wild rose. 



ing or being turned into stone. 2. That 
which is turned into stone. 

PETRIFACTIVE (pet-rl-fak'tlv), PETRIFIC (pe- 
trlf'lk), a. Having the power to change into 
stone. 

PETRIFIABLE (pet'ri-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being petrified. 

PETRIFY (pet'rl-fl), v. [pr.p. PET'RIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. PETRIFIED (pet'ri-fid).] I. vt. 1. 
Turn into stone. 2. Make callous. 3. Fix in 
amazement. II. vi. Become stone, or hard 
like stone. [L. petra, rock, and facio, make.] 

PETROGLYPH (petro-glif), n. Carving on 
rock or stone. [Gr. petra, rock, and glyph, 
carving — glypho, carve.] 

PETROGRAPHY (pet-rog'ra-fi), n. 1. Art of 
writing on stone. 2. Study of rocks. 

PETROL (pe-trol' or petrol), n. Gasoline. 

PETROLATUM (pet-ro-la/tum), n. Vaseline. 
[From PETROLEUM.] 

PETROLEUM (pe-tro'le-um), n. Liquid Inflam- 
mable substance issuing from certain rocks; 
coal-oil. [Lit., "rock oil" — L. petra, rock, and 
oleum, oil.] 

PETROLEUR (pa-tro-ltir'), n [fern. PETRO- 
LEUSE (pa-tro-liis').] Incendiary who uses 
petroleum, especially one who took part in 
burning public buildings in Paris in May, 
1871. [Fr.] 

PETROLOGY (pet-rolo-Ji), n. Science of rocks. 
[Gr. petros, petra, rock, and logos, discourse.] 

PETROMYZON (pet-ro-mi'zon), a. Genus of 
lampreys or rock-suckers 

PETTICOAT (pet'i-kot), n. Loose undergarment 
worn by females. 2. [pi.] Skirts collectively. 
(Colloq.) 

PETTIFOGGER (pet'l-fog-6r), n. Lawyer who 
practices only in petty or paltry cases. [PETTY, 
and Prov. E. fogger, huckster, cheat.] 

PETTIFOGGERY (pet'i-fog-er-i), n. 1. Prac- 
tice of a pettifogger. 2. Mean tricks; quib- 
bles. 

PETTINESS (pet'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being petty. 

PETTISH (pet'lsh), a. Peevish; fretful. 

PETTISHLY (pet'ish-li), adv. in a pettish man- 
ner. 

PETTISHNESS (pet'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pettish. 

PETTITOES (pet'i-toz), n.pl. Feet of a pig. 

PETTO (pet'to), n. Breast. — In petto, hidden In 
reserve. [It.] 

PETTY (pet'i), a. Small; inconsiderable; con- 
temptible. [Fr. petit, of Celtic origin.] 

SYN. Mean; paltry; ignoble; trifling; nar- 
row. ANT. Large; noble; generous; lib- 
eral; broad. 

PETULANCE (pet'u-lans), PETULANCY (pet'- 
u-lan-si), n. Peevishness; fretfulness. 

PETULANT (pet'u-lant), a. Peevish; fretful; 
irritable. [L. petulans, attacking frequently.] 

PETULANTLY (pet'u-lant-11), adv. In a petu- 
lant manner. 



flite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not move wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PETUNIA 



826 



PHASE 




Petunia. 



PETUNIA (pe-tu'ni-gO, n. Ornamental plant 
with funnel-shaped 
corollas. 

PEW (pu), n. Inclosed 
seat for several per- 
sons in a church. 
[O. Fr. piu, raised 
place — L. opdium, 
projecting seat in 
the amphitheater. — 
Gr. podion, foot- 
stool.] 

PEWEE (pe'we), n. 
Small American fly- 
catcher. [Imitative.] 

PEWIT (pewit), PE- 
WET (pe'wet), n. 
Lapwing, a bird with 
a black head and 
crest, common on 
moors. [From its 
cry. Cf. Dut. piewit or kiewit; Ger. klebitz.] 

PEWTER (pu'ter), n. 1. Alloy of tin and anti- 
mony with lead or with copper. 2. Vessels 
made of pewter. [O. Fr. peutre.] 

PHAETON (fa'e-tun), n. Kind of open pleasure- 
carriage on four 
wheels, named af- 
ter Phaeton, the fa- 
bled son of Helios, 
the sun-god, whose 
chariot he attempted 
to drive. 

PHAGOCYTE (fag'o- 
slt), n. Biol. Leuco- 
cyte, which, upon 
certain inflammatory condition of the system, 
devours or absorbs bacteria and other noxious 
substances. [Gr. phagein, eat, and kytos, vessel.] 

PHALANGEAL (fa-lan'je-al), a. Pertaining to 
the phalanges. 

PHALANGES (fa-lan'jes), n.pl. Bones of the 
fingers and toes. [Plural of PHA- 
LANX.] 

PHALANGIGRADE (fa-lan'ji-grad), 
a. Walking on the phalanges, as 
a camel. 

PHALANX (fa'langks or fal'angks), 
n. [pi. PHALANGES or PHA'- 
LANXES.] 1. A mass of heavy 
armed infantry drawn up in ranks 
and flies close and deep. 2. Any 
compact body of men. [Gr.] 

PHANTAS3I (fan'tazm), n. [pi. 

PHANTASMS, PHANTASMATA Phalanges. 
(fan-taz'ma-ta).] 1. Fancied vision; mental 
image. 2. Specter; apparition. [Gr. phan- 
tasma — phaino, shine.] 

PHANTASMAGORIA (fan-taz-ma-go'ri-a), n. 1. 
Exhibition of dissolving views projected upon 
a flat surface by a magic lantern. 2. A maze 
of illusive visions. [Gr. phantasma, appear- 
ance, and agora, assembly.] 




Phaeton. 




PHANTASMOGRAPH (fan-taz'mo-graf), n. A 
holder for printing lantern slides from, glass 
negatives. [Gr. phantasma, appearance* and 
graphd, write.] 

PHANTOM (fan'tum), n. 1. Phantasm; appari- 
tion. 2. Delusion; illusion. 3. Lay figure. 

PHARAOH (fa'ro), n. Hebrew form of title of 
ancient Egyptian kings. [Heb. Phar'dh — 
Egypt. Per-aa.] 

PHARISAIC (far-i-sa'ik), PHARISAICAL (far- 
1-sa'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or like the Phari- 
sees; hypocritical. 

PHARISAICALLY (far-l-sa'ik-al-1), adv. In a 
Pharisaical manner. 

PHARISAIC ALNESS (far-1-sa'lk-al-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being Pharisaical. 

PHARISAISM (far'i-sa-izm), PHARISEEISM 
(far'i-se-izm), n. 1. Practice and opinions of 
the Pharisees. 2. Strict observance of out- 
ward forms in religion without the spirit of it. 
3. Hypocrisy. 

PHARISEE (far'l-se), n. One of a religious 
school among the Jews, marked by their 
strict observance of the law and of religious 
ordinances. [Gr. pharisaios — Heb. parash, 
separate.] 

PHARMACEUTIC (far-ma-su'tik), PHARMA- 
CEUTICAL (far-ma-su'tik-al), a. Pertaining 
to the knowledge or art of pharmacy. 

PHARMACEUTICS (far-ma-su'tiks), n. Science 
of preparing medicines. 

PHARMACEUTIST (far-ma-su'tist), PHARMA- 
CIST (far'ma-slst), ». One who practices 
pharmacy. 

PHAR3IACOP03IA (far-ma-ko-p6'ya), ». Book 
containing directions for the preparation of 
medicines and considered standard. [Gr. 
pharmakon, drug, and poied, make.] 

PHARMACY (far'ma-si), n. [pi. PHARMACIES 
(far'ma-siz).] 1. Art of preparing and mixing 
medicines. 2. Drug-store. [Fr. pharmacie 
Gr. pharmakon, drug.] 

PHAROS (fa'ros), n. Lighthouse or beacon* so 
named from the famous lighthouse on the 
Island of Pharos in the Bay of Alexandria, 
Egypt. 

PHARYNGEAL (far-in-Je'al or fa-rln'Je-al), o. 
Pertaining to or affecting the pharynx. 

PHARYNGOTOMY (far-ing-got'o-mi), n. Surg. 
The operation of cutting into the pharynx. 
[Gr. pharynx, pharynx, and temno, cut.] 

PHARYNX (faringks), n. [pi. PHARYNGES (fa- 
rin'Jez).] Cavity forming the upper part of 
the gullet, between mouth and esophagus. 
[Gr.] 

PHASE (faz), n. 1. Appearance. 2. Illumi- 
nated surface exhibited by a planet. 3. Par- 
ticular state at any time of a phenomenon 
which undergoes a periodic change, as the 
moon. 4. Elec. State of two alternating 
currents that are "In step" with one another 
so that the potentials rJse and fall together. 
[Gr. phasis — phao, shine.] 



fate, fat. task, far, fall, fare, above: me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



PHEASANT 



827 



PHILOSOPHIC 



PHEASANT (fez'ant), n. 1. Gallinaceous bird 
highly valued as food. 2. American ruffed 
grouse. [Fr. faisan — Gr. Phaslanos, of Pha- 
sis. a river flowing into the Black Sea.] 




Pheasants. 

1. Amherst's Pheasant (P. amherstix). 2. Silver Pheasant 
(P. nycthemerus). 

PHENACETINE (fe-nas'e-tSn), PHENACETIN 
(fe-nas'e-tln), n. Chem. White crystalline 
chemical used In small doses as a febrifuge. 

PHENIX, PH03NIX (fe'nlks), n. Egypt. Myth. 
Fabulous bird said to exist five hundred years, 
the only bird of its kind, to cremate itself, and 
to rise again from Its own ashes — the emblem 
of immortality. [Gr. phoinix.] 

PHENOL (fenol), n. 1. Carbolic acid. 2. Com- 
pound of benzene. 

PHENOMENAL (fe-nom'en-aD, a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to a phenomenon. 2. Wonderful. 

PHENOMENALLY (fe-nom'en-aM), adv. In 
a phenomenal manner. 

PHENOMENON (fe-nom'en-on), n. [pi. PHE- 
NOMENA.] 1. Something as It Is perceived 
(not necessarily as It really is). 2. Observed 
result. 3. Remarkable or unusual appear- 
ance. [Gr. phalnomcnon — phainG, show.] 

PHENYL (fe'nll), n. Organic radical found 
especially In carbolic acid, benzole, and 
aniline. [Fr. phenyl.] 

PHIAL (fl'al), n. Small glass vessel or bottle} 
vial. [Gr. phials.] 

Philadelphia (fli-a-dei'fl-a), w. chief city 

of Pennsylvania, on Delaware River. 

PHILANDER (fl-lan'd6r), vi. [pr.p. PHILAN'- 
DERING; p.t. and p.p. PHILANDERED (fl- 
lan'derd).] Make love. [Gr. phileQ, love, and 
aner, man.] 

PHILANTHROPIC (fll-an-throp'lk), PHILAN- 
THROPIC AL, (fll-an-throp'ik-al), a. Loving 
mankind; showing philanthropy ; benevolent. 

PHIL ANTHRO PIC ALL Y ( fll-an-throp 'lk-al-D , 
adv. In a philanthropic manner. 

PHILANTHROPIST (fi-lan'thro-pist), n. One 
who loves and wishes to serve mankind. 

PHILANTHROPY (fl-lan'thro-pi), n. Love of 
mankind; good-will towards all men. [Gr. 
philos, loving, and anthropos, man.] 

PHILATELIST (fl-lat'e-list), n. One who col- 
lects postage-stamps, etc. 



PHILATELY (fl-lat'e-11), n. The study and 

collection of postage and revenue stamps, 

labels, etc. [Gr. philos, loving and atelQs, free 

of tax — a-, neg., and telos, tax.] 
PHILHARMONIC (fll-har-mon'lk), a. Loving 

harmony or music. [Gr. philoa, loving, and 

harmonia, harmony.) 
FhiLHELLENIST (fll-hel'en-lst), *». Friend of 

the Greeks. 
PHILIPPIC (fl-lip'lk), n. 1. One of the orations 

of Demosthenes against Philip of Macedonia. 

2. [p-] Discourse full of bitter Invective. [L. 

philippica.] 

Philippine (aiip-in) Islands, in the Pa- 
cific, between Formosa and Borneo. American 
possession. Area 104,700 sq. m. 

PhILIPPOPOLIS (fll-lp-op'o-lls), n. Capital of 
E. Roumella, Bulgaria. 

PHILISTINE (fi-lis'tin), n. 1. One of the ancient 
inhabitants of southwestern Palestine, ene- 
mies of the Israelites. 2. Person without 
liberal Ideas; uncultured person of sordid 
interests. 

PHILISTINISM (fl-lls'tln-lzm), n. Manner or 
character of the Philistines. 

PHILOCTETES (fll-ok-te'tez), n. Greek Myth. 
Famous Greek archer and armor-bearer of 
Hercules. 

PHILOGYNIST (fl-loj'1-nlst), n. Lover of wom- 
en. [Gr. phileO, love, and gynS, woman.] 

PHILOLOGIC (fll-o-loj'ik), PHILOLOGICAL 
(fll-o-loj'ik-al), o. Of or pertaining to phi- 
lology. 

PHILOLOGICALLY (fll-o-loj 'lk-al-D, adv. In a 
philological manner. 

PHILOLOGIST (fl-lol'o-JIst), n. One versed In 
philology. 

PHILOLOGY (fl-lol'o-Jl), n. Science of lan- 
guage ; study of etymology, grammar, rhetoric 
and literary criticism. [Gr. philos, loving, 
and logos, discourse, speech.] 

PHILOMATH (fil'o-math), n. Lover of learning. 
[Gr. philed, love, and mathos, learning.] 

PHILOMEL (fllo-mel), PHILOMELA (fll-o- 
. me'la), n. Nightingale. [From Philomela, 
(which see).] 

PHILOMELA (fll-o-mS'la)* n. Greek Myth. 
Daughter of Pandion and metamorphosed 
Into a nightingale. 

PHILOPENA (fll-o-pe'na), n. 1. Present made as 
a forfeit in a game Jn which two persons 
enter upon a playful test. 2. The game. 3. 
Double kernel In a nutshell giving occasion 
for the game. 4. Salutation In the game. 

PHILOPROGENITIVENESS (fll-o-pro-Jen'l-tlv- 
nes), n. Instinctive love of offspring; fond- 
ness for children. [Gr. philos, loving, and L. 
progenies, progeny.] 

PHILOSOPHER (fi-los'o-fer), n. 1. One versed 
in or devoted to philosophy. 2. One who acts 
calmly and rationally. 

PHILOSOPHIC (fll-o-sof'lk), PHILOSOPHIC- 
AL (fll-o-sof'lk-al), a. L Pertaining or ac- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



PHILOSOPHICALLY 



828 



PHONOTYPE 



cording to philosophy. 2. Skilled In or given 
to philosophy. 3. Rational; calm. 

PHILOSOPHICALLY (fll-o-sof'lk-aM). adv. In 
a philosophic manner. 

PHILOSOPHIZE (fl-los'o-fiz), vi. [pr.p. PHI- 
LOSOPHIZING; p.t. and p.p. PHILOSO- 
PHIZED (fl-los'o-flzd).] Reason like a philos- 
opher. 

PHILSOPHY (fl-los'o-fi),n. [pi. PHILOSOPHIES 
(fl-los'o-flz).] 1. Knowledge of the causes of 
phenomena. 2. Collection of general laws 
or principles belonging to a department of 
knowledge. 3. Reasoning. 4. Particular 
philosophical system. [Gr. philosophia — phi- 
los, loving, and sophia, wisdom.] 

PHILTER, PHILTRE (filter), n. Charm or 
spell to excite love. [Gr. philtron.] 

PHIZ (flz), n. Face. [Abbreviation of PHYSI- 
OGNOMY.] 

PHLEBOTOMY (fle-bot'o-ml), n. Act of letting 
blood. [Gr. phleps, vein, and tomos, cutting.] 

PHLEGETHON (flej'e-thon), n. Greek Myth. 
River of fire that flowed through Hades into 
the river Acheron. 

PHLEGM (flem), n. 1. Thick, slimy matter se- 
creted in the throat, and discharged by cough- 
ing. 2. Sluggishness; indifference. [Gr. 
phlegma, flame, inflammation, humor.] 

PHLEGMATIC (fleg-matik), PHLEGMATIC AL 
(fleg-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Abounding in or gen- 
erating phlegm 2. Sluggish; not easily excited. 
[Gr. phlegmatikos — phlegma.] 

PHLEGMATICALLY (fleg-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In 
a phlegmatic manner. 

PHLOX (floks), n. American garden plant of 
many varieties, with 
showy flowers. [Gr., 
flame-p&Zegro, burn.] 

PHLOXIN (floks' in), n. 
A dyestuff derived 
from coal-tar pro- 
ducing rose-color on 
silk. [Gr. phlox, 
flame.] 

PHLOX-WORM(floks- 
wurm), n. Larva of 
a moth which feeds 
on cultivated phlox; 
resembles^he boll- 
worm moth which 
destroys cotton. 

PH03BE (fe'be), n. Greek Myth. 
daughter of Uranus and Gsea. 
This name Is also commonly 
given to Diana, sister of 
Apollo, moon goddess. 

PHOEBE (fe'be), n. Small fly- 
catching bird with two clear 
notes in its call. The pewee 
or pewit, 

PHOZBUS (fe'bus), n. Greek 

Myth. Name occasionally given to Apollo. 

PHCEMX, n. Same as PHENIX. 




Phlox (P. drummondii) . 
Titan goddess, 




Phoebe (Sayorni 
fuscus) . 



Instrument by 



PHONAUTOGRAPH (fon-a'to-graf), n. Device 
by which a printed or written record of any 
sound emitted can be made. 

PHONE (fon), n. Colloquial common abbrevia- 
tion Of TELEPHONE. 

PHONE (fon), vt. and vi. [pr.p. PHO'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. PHONED (fond).] Same as TELE- 
PHONE. 

PHONETIC (fo-net'ik), PHONETICAL (fo-nef- 
Ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, or according to, 
the sound of the voice. 2. Representing the 
separate elementary sounds. 3. Vocal. [Gr. 
phonStikos — phone, sound.] 

PHONETICALLY (fo-net'ik-al-1), adv. In a 
phonetic manner. 

PHONETICS (fo-net'iks), *». Science of sounds, 
especially of the human voice. 

PHONETIZE (fo'net-Iz), vt. [pr.p. PHO'NETI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. PHONETIZED (fo-net- 
izd).] Represent phonetically. 

PHONIC (fon'ik or fo'nik), o. Pertaining to 
sound. 

PHONICS (fon'iks or fd'niks), n. Science of 
sound; acoustics. 

PHONO- (fo'no), prefix. Sound; voice. [Gr. 
phone, sound.] 

PHONOGRA3I (fo'no-gram), n. 1. Graphic 
character indicating a particular sound. 2. 
Phonographic character or record. [Gr. phone, 
sound, and gramma, letter.] 

PHONOGRAPH (fono-graf), n. 
which articulate speech or 
other sounds can be recorded 
and mechanically reproduced 
at will from the record, almost 
in the original tones. [Gr. 
phone, sound, and grapho, 
write.] 

PHONOGRAPHER (fo-nog'ra- 
fer), n. One versed in pho- 
nography. 

PHONOGRAPHIC (fo-no-graf- 
ik), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to phonography. 2. Pertain- 
ing to the phonograph. 

PHONOGRAPHICALLY (fo-no- 
graf'ik-al-i), adv. 1. Accord- 
ing to phonography. 2. By means of a pho- 
nograph. 

PHONOGRAPHY (fd-nog'ra-fi), n. 1. Art of 
representing spoken sounds, each by a distinct 
character. 2. Phonetic shorthand. 3. Art 
of constructing or using phonographs. 

PHONOLOGICAL (fo-no-lojik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to phonology. 

PHONOLOGIST (fo-nol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in phonology. 

PHONOLOGY (f6-nol'o-ji), n. Science of the 
elementary spoken sounds; phonetics. [Gr. 
phone, sound, and logos, discourse.] 

PHONOTYPE (fo'no-tip), n. Type or sign rep- 
resenting a sound. [Gr. phone, sound, and 
typos, type.] 




Phonograph. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch, 



PHOSPHATE 



829 



PHYLACTERY 



PHOSPHATE (fos'fat), n. Salt formed by the 
combination of phosphoric acid with a base. 

PHOSPHORESCE (fos-fur-es), vi. [pr.p. 

PHOSPHORESCING; p.t. and p.p. PHOS- 
PHORESCED (fos-fur-est ).] Shine like phos- 
phorus in the dark. 

PHOSPHORESCENCE (fos-fur-es'ens), n. 1. 
Property of emitting light without sensible 
heat. 2. Light so emitted. 

PHOSPHORESCENT (fos-fur-es'ent), a. Shining 
in the dark like phosphorus. 

PHOSPHORIC (fos-for'ik), PHOSPHOROUS 
(fos'fur-us), a. 1. In a general sense, per- 
taining to or obtained from phosphorus. 2. 
Chem. Phosphoric acid PH 3 4 forms three 
classes of metallic salts, while phosphorous 
acid H3PO3 forms two such classes. 

PHOSPHORUS (fos'fiir-us), n. Yellowish non- 
metallic substance, so inflammable that it 
must be kept under water. It is slightly 
luminous in the dark. [Gr. phos, light, and 
phoros, bearing.] 

PHOTO (fo'to), n. Abbreviated form of PHOTO- 
GRAPH. 

PHOTO-, prefix. Pertaining to light. [Gr. ph6s, 
photos light.] 

PHOTO-CAUTERY (fo-to-ka'ter-i), n. Med. 
Cauterization by light waves, especially by 
X-rays. [Gr. phos, light, and kauter, hot iron.] 

PHOTOENGRAVING (fo-to-en-gra'ving), n. 
Art of producing by photographic means a 
relief-block or plate for printing. 

PHOTO-GASTROSCOPE (fo-to-gas'tro-skop), n. 
Camera for photographing interior of the 
stomach by electric light. 

PHOTOGRAM (fo'to-gram), n. Telegraphic 
message re- 
corded photo- 
graphically. 
[PHOTO-, and 
Gr. gramma, 
writing.] 

PHOTOGRAPH 
(fo'to-graf),n. 
Picture pro- 
duced by pho- 
tography. 

PHOTOGRAPH 
(fo'to-graf), v. 
[pr.p. PHO'- 
TOGRAPHING ; p.t. and p.p. PHOTOGRAPHED 
(fo'to-graft).] I. vt. Take a photograph of. 
II. vi. Practice photography. 

PHOTOGRAPHER (fo-tog'ra-fer), n. One who 
practices photography. 

PHOTOGRAPHIC (fo-to-graf'ik), PHOTO- 
GRAPHICAL (fo-to-graf'ik-al), a. Pertaining 
to or done by photography. 

PHOTOGRAPHY (fo-tog'ra-fi), n. Art of pro- 
ducing pictures by the action of light on 
chemically prepared surfaces. [Gr. phos, photos, 
light, and graphd, draw.] 

PHOTOGRAVURE (fo-to-gra-vur'), n. 1. Art of 















msmmm 








[ 




\ 








lilggig- 





Phot og ram. 



producing, by the action of light and by etching, 
a metal plate for printing. 2. Picture so 
produced. [Gr. phos, light, and Fr. gravure, 
engraving.] 

PHOTOLITHOGRAPH (fo-to-lith'o-graf), n. 
Print from a stone prepared by aid of pho- 
tography. 

PHOTOMETER (fo-tom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the intensity of light. [PHOTO- 
and METER.] 

PHOTOMICROGRAPH (fo-to-ml'kro-graf), n. 
Enlarged photograph of a microscopic object. 

PHOTOPHONE (fo'to-fon), n. Apparatus for 
transmitting articulate speech to a distance 
along a beam of light. [PHOTO-, and Gr. 
phdnS, sound.] 

PHOTOSPHERE (fo'to-sfer), n. Luminous 
envelope round the sun's globe, which is the 
source of light. [PHOTO- and SPHERE.] 

PHOTO-TELEGRAPHY (fo-to-te-leg'ra-fl), n. 
System of telegraphy by which telegraphic 
characters are received and photographically 
printed. 

PHRAGMA (frag'ma), n. [pi. PHRAG'MATA.] 
Partition; diaphragm. [Gr.] 

PHRASE (fraz), n. 1. Part of a sentence; short 
pithy expression; form of speech. 2. Music. 
Short clause or portion of a melody often con- 
sisting of either four or eight bars. [Fr. — 
Gr. phrasis — phrazo, speak.] J 

PHRASE (fraz), vt. [pr.p. PHRASING; p.t. and 
p.p. PHRASED (frazd).] Express in words; 
style. 

PHRASEOLOGY (fra-ze-ol'o-ji), n. 1. Style or 
manner of expression or use of phrases; pecu- 
liarities of diction. 2. Collection of phrases. 
[Gr. phrasis, phrase, and logos, science.] 

PHRENITIS (fren-i'tis), n. 1. Inflammation of 
the brain. 2. Delirium. 

PHRENOGRAM (fren'o-gram), n. A record 
made by the phrenograph. [Gr. phrSn, mind, 
and gramma, writing.] 

PHRENOGRAPH (fren'o-graf), n. Apparatus 
for recording the movements of the diaphragm . 
[Gr. phrgn, mind, and grapho, write.] 

PHRENOLOGICAL (fren-o-loj'ik-aD, a. Of or 
pertaining to phrenology. 

PHRENOLOGIST (fre-nolo-jist), n. One who 
believes, or is versed, in phrenology. 

PHRENOLOGY (fre-nol'o-ji), n. Theory of 
Gall and his followers, which connects the 
mental faculties with certain parts of the brain 
and professes to discover the character from 
a surface-examination of the skull. [Gr. 
pJirSn, mind, and logos, science.] 

PHTHISIC (tiz'ik), PHTHISIS (thi'sis), n. Con- 
sumption of the lungs. [Gr. phthi6, waste 
away.] 

PHTHISICAL (tiz'ik-al), o. Pertaining to or 
having phthisic ; consumptive. 

PHYLACTERY (fl-lakter-i), n. [pi. PHYLAC- 
TERIES (fl-lak'ter-iz).] Among the Jews, 
a slip of parchment inscribed with passages 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n6te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PHYLLOXERA 



830 



PICCANINNY 



. PHYS'ICKING; p.t. 
(fiz'lkt).] 1. Give 
a cathartic. 2. Act 

1. Pertaining to na- 
espectally to the hu- 



of Scripture, worn on the left arm and fore- 
head. [Gr. phylakterion — phylasso, guard.] 

PHYLLOXERA (fll-oks-e'ra), n. Genus of in- 
sects destructive to grapevines. [Gr. phyllon, 
leaf, and xGros, dry, withered.] 

PHYSIC (flz'ik), n. 1. Science of medicine. 2. 
Art of healing. 3. Medicine ; cathartic. [Gr. 
physike, natural.] 

PHYSIC (flz'ik), vt. [pr.% 
and p.p. PHYSICKED 
medicine to, especially 
on as a purge. 

PHYSICAL (flz'ik-al), a. 
ture or natural objects, 
man body. 2. Pertaining to natural philoso- 
phy. 3. Known to the senses. [Gr. physikos 
— physis, nature.] 

PHYSICALLY (fiz'lk-al-i), adv. In a physical 
manner. 

PHYSICIAN (fl-zish'an), n. One skilled in the 
use of medicine or the art of healing; one who 
prescribes remedies for diseases. 

PHYSICIST (fiz'i-sist), n. One versed in physics. 

PHYSIC-NUT (flz'ik-nut), n. Small shrub or 
tree of the genus Eu- 
phorbiaceae, found in 
Polynesia, and the 
nut of the 
same which 
is a power- 
ful cathartic 
medicine. 

PHYSICS (fiz- 
iks), n. Sci- 
ence of the 
phenomena 
of nature 
and the general 
properties of mat- 
ter as affected by 
energy; natural 

philosophy. It has four branches. (1). Me- 
chanics or dynamics (force in general). (2). 
Gravitation. (3). Molecular physics (composi- 
tion of matter, cohesion, etc.). (4). Physics of 
the ether (light, radiation, electricity, etc.). [Gr. 
physis, nature.] 

PHYSIOCRACY (flz-i-ok'ra-si), n. 1. Rule or 
government by nature. 2. Doctrine that 
wealth consists in products of the soil. 

PHYSIOGNOMIC (fiz-1-og-nom'lk), a. Of or 
pertaining to physiognomy. 

PHYSIOGNOMIST (fiz-l-og'no-mist), w. One 
versed In physiognomy. 

PHYS OGNOMY (fiz-i-og'no-ml), n. 1. Art of 
knowing a person's disposition from the fea- 
tures. 2. Expression of countenance. 3. 
Face. [Gr. physis, nature, and gnomon, in- 
dicator.] 

PHYSIOGRAPHY (flz-i-og'ra-fi), n. Physical 
geography. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL (flz-1-o-loj'lk-al), o. Of or 
pertaining to physiology. 




Physic-nut {Jatropha curcas). 



PHYSIOLOGIST (fiz-i-ol'o-jist), n. One who 
is versed in physiology. 

PHYSIOLOGY (fiz-i-ol'o-jl), n. Science of the 
functions of living beings — a branch of biol- 
ogy. [Gr. physis, nature, and logos, science.] 

PHYSIQUE (fi-zek')» n. Physical structure or 
natural constitution of a person. [Fr.] 

PI, PIE (pi), n. Printing types jumbled together. 

PI, PIE (pi), vt. [pr.p. PIE'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PIED (pid).] Print. Mix up indiscriminately ; 
jumble, as to pi types. 

PlACENZA (pe-a-chen'tsa), n. City, Italy, on 
the Po River. 

PIA MATER (pi'a mater). Membrane imme- 
diately investing the brain and spinal cord. [L., 
tender mother.] 

PIANISSIMO (pe-a-nis'i-mo), adv. Very softly. 
[It.] 

PIANIST (pl-an'lst), n. One who plays on the 
piano, or one well skilled in it. 

PIANO (pl-a'no), adv. Softly. [It.] 

PIANO (pi-an'6), n. [pi. PIAN'OS.] Piano- 
forte. 

PIANOFORTE (pi-a-no-fdr'ta), (generally short- 
ened to PIANO (pi-an'6), n. Musical instru- 
ment with wires struck by little hammers 
moved by keys. [It. piano, plain, soft, and 
forte, strong, loud.] 

PIANO-PLAYER (pi-an'6-pla-er), w. A mechan- 
ical device for playing 
the piano, in which the 
playing is governed and 
accomplished by means 
of a perforated music- 
sheet. 

PIAZZA (pi-az'a), n. 1. 
Place or square surround- 
ed by buildings. 2. Walk 
under a roof supported 
by pillars. 3. A veranda or porch. 
platea, broad street.] 

PIBROCH (pe'brokh), n. Martial music of the 
Scottish bagpipe. [Gael, piobaireachd, pipe- 
music — piobair, piper — piob, pipe, bagpipe.] 

PICA tpi'ka), n. Printing type, equal to twelve 
points. [L., magpie.] 

This line is set in pica. 
This line is set in small pica. 

PICADOR (plk-a-dor'), n. In bull-fighting, a 
mounted lancer who first attacks the bull, 
goading him to fury. [Sp., pricker.] 

PICAYUNE (pik-a-un), n. 1. Formerly, In 
Louisiana, etc., the Spanish half-real = 60 
cents. 2. Coin of little value, as a five-cent 
nickel. [Probably — Fr. picaillon, farthing.] 

PICCALILLI (pik'a-111-1), n. Pickle made of 
various vegetables, chopped and spiced. 

PICCANINNY (plk'a-nln-1), n. Baby or child, 
especially of the negro race. [Cuban piquinini 
— probably Sp. pequeno, little, and niho, 
child.] 




Piano-player. 

[It.— L. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PICCOLO 



831 



PIECEWORK 



PICCOLO (pik'o-16), n. A musical instrument 
like a flute, but smaller and pitched one 
octave higher. 



Piccolo. 

PICK (pik), v. [pr.p. PICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
PICKED (pikt).] I. vt. 1. Prick with a sharp- 
pointed instrument. 2. Peck, as a bird. 3. 
Open with a pointed instrument, as a lock. 
4. Pluck or gather, as flowers, etc. 5. Sep- 
arate (from). 6. Choose; select. 7. Seek, 
as a quarrel. 8. Pilfer; take from. II. vi. Eat 
anything nicely or mincingly; eat by mor- 
sels. [A. S. pycan.] 

PICK (pik), n. 1. Sharp-pointed instrument, 
especially one for loosening and breaking up 
hard soil. 2. Picklock. 3. Right or oppor- 
tunity of first choice. 

PICKANINNY. See PICCANINNY. 

PICKAX, PICKAXE (pik'aks), n. Picking tool 
used in digging. [Corrup. of M. E. pikois — 

0. Fr. picois, pike.] 
PICKED (pikt), a. Selected. 

PICKER (pik'er), n. One who or that which 
picks. 

PICKEREL (pik'er-el), n. 1. Species of North- 
American pike. 
2. Any young 
fish of the pike 
family. [O. Fr. 
picarel.] 

PICKET (pik'et),n. 

1. Pointed stake 
used in fortification or fencing. 2. Small out- 
post or guard. 3. Labor unionist posted to 
persuade or otherwise keep employees from 
going to work in an establishment against 
which a strike is on. [Fr. piquet, dim. of pic, 
pike.] 

PICKET (pik'et), vt. [pr.p. PICK'ETING; p.t. 
and p.p. PICK'ETED.] 1. Fortify or fence 
with pointed stakes. 2. Fasten to a stake, 
as a horse. 3. Post as a vanguard. 

PICKING (piking), n. 1. Act of breaking with 
a pick. 2. Act of choosing. 3. Act of gath- 
ering. 4. That which is picked or gleaned. 

PICKLE (pik'l), n. 1. Brine or vinegar in 
whic*h substances are preserved. 2. Any- 
thing so preserved. 3. Disagreeable position. 
4. Diluted acid for cleaning metal castings, 
etc. [Dut. pekel; Ger. poekel. Akin to Sc. 
pickle, grain (of salt).] 

PICKLE (pik'l), vt. [pr.p. PICK'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. PICKLED (pik'ld).] 1. Preserve in pickle 
or brine; make pickle of. 2. Subject to an 
acid bath, as castings, for cleaning. 

PICKLOCK (pik'lok), n. Instrument for picking 
locks. 

PICKPOCKET (pik'pok-et), n. One who steals 
from other people's pockets. 




Little Pickerel (Lucius vermicu- 

latus) . 



PICNIC (pik'nlk), n. Short excursion into the 
country by a pleasure-party, taking their own 
provisions. [Prob. PICK (eat by morsels) and 
KNICKKNACK.] 

PICNIC (pik'nik), vi. [pr.p. PICNICKING; p.t. 
and p.p. PICNICKED (pik'nikt).] Go on a 
picnic. 

PICRIC (pik'rik), a. Having an intensely bitter 
taste. — Picric acid, acid variously obtained, 
as by the action of nitric acid on phenol, used 
as a dye for wool, etc., and an ingredient in 
certain high explosives. [Gr. pikros, bitter.] 

PICTORIAL (pik-to'ri-al), I. a. 1. Relating to 
pictures. 2. Illustrated by pictures. II. n. 
Illustrated publication. 

PICTURE (pik'tur), n. 1. Representation, as a 
painting, photograph, drawing, etc. 2. Re- 
semblance; image. 3. Vivid description in 
words. [L. pictura — pingo, pictus, paint.] 

PICTURE (pik'tur), vt. [pr.p. PICTURING; p.t. 
and p.p. PICTURED (pik'turd).] 1. Rep- 
resent by painting or drawing; paint; draw. 

2. Describe in a vivid manner; depict vividly. 

3. Form an ideal representation of; image. 
PICTURE-HAT (pik'tur-hat), n. Large broad- 
brimmed hat adorned with long waving plumes 
worn by women. 

PICTURESQUE (pik-tur-esk), a. Like a pic- 
ture; fit to make a picture. [It. pittoresco.] 
SYN. Scenic; artistic; romantic; beau- 
tiful. ANT. Monotonous; commonplace; 
tame; flat. 

PICUL (pik'ul), n. Weight used in China, Japan 
and Malay peninsula equal to 133| pounds 
avoirdupois. 

PIDGIN-ENGLISH. Same as PIGEON-ENG- 
LISH. 

PIE (pi), n. Magpie. [Fr.] 

PIE (pi), n. Quantity of meat or fruit baked in 
a crust of prepared flour. [Gael, pighe, pie.] 

PIE (pi), n. Same as PI. 

PIEBALD (pi'bald), a. Of various colors in 
patches. [For pie-balled — pie (magpie), and 
Wei. bal, white streak on a horse's forehead.] 

PIECE (pes), n. 1. Part of anything. 2. Single 
article. 3. Separate performance. 4. Liter- 
ary or artistic composition. 5. Gun. 6. Coin. 
7. Instance; example. [O. Fr. piece — L. pet- 
ium, patch of ground — pes, foot.] 

PIECE (pes), v. [pr.p. PIE'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
PIECED (pest).] I. vt. Enlarge by adding a 
piece. II. vi. Unite; join. 

PIECE-GOODS (pes'godz), n.pl. Fabrics that are 
sold by the piece of fixed lengths as manu- 
factured. 

PIECEMEAL (pes'mel), I. a. Made of pieces 
or parts; single. II. adv. In pieces or frag- 
ments; by pieces; gradually. [PIECE and 
MEAL.] 

PIECER (pe'ser), n. Bey or girl employed in a 
spinning factory to join broken threads. 

PIECEWORK (pes'wurk), n. Work paid for 
by the piece or job. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; n5te, not, move, -wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, lth.-ch in Scotch loch. 



PIECING 



832 



PILE 



PIECING (pe'sing), n. Act of mending, espe- 
cially the joining of the ends of yarn, thread, 
etc., so as to repair breaks. 

PIED (pid), a. Variegated like a magpie; marked 
with large spots of various colors. 

PIE-PLANT (pi'plant), n. Garden rhubarb. 

PIER (per), n. 1. Mass of stone-work between 
the openings of a building, also that support- 
ing an arch, bridge, etc. 2. Mass of stone or 
woodwork projecting into the sea; wharf. 
— Pier-glass, mirror covering the whole or 
greater part of a pier between two openings 
in the wall. [M. E. pere — Fr. plerre, stone.] 

PIERCE (pers), v. [pr.p. PIERCING; p.t. and 
p.p. PIERCED (perst).] I. vt. 1. Make a hole 
through. 2. Force a way into. II. vi. Force 
a way; penetrate. [Fr. percer.] 

PIERCEABLE (pers'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
pierced. 

PIERCER (per'sgr), n. One who or that which 
pierces. 

PIERCING (pSr'slng), o. Penetrating. 

PIERCINGLY (pSr'slng-11), adv. In a piercing 
manner. 

PlERIDES (pi-er'1-dez), n.pl. Greek Myth. 
1. The nine Muses. 2. False Muses who, hav- 
ing sought to discredit and impersonate the real 
Muses, were punished by the gods by being 
converted into chattering magpies. 

PlETERMARITZBURG (pe-ter-mar 'its-burg), 
n. Capital of Natal. 

PlETIST (pi'et-ist), n. 1. One of a class of re- 
ligious reformers in Protestant Germany, 
about 1700. 2. [p-] One who makes an 
undue display of piety. 

PIETY (pi'et-i), n. Dutifulness and veneration; 
loving obedience. [Fr. piete — L. pietas.] 

SYN. Devotion; sanctity; godliness; ho- 
liness. ANT. Impiety; ungodliness; pro- 
fanity; sinfulness. 

PIG (pig), n. 1. Young swine. 2. Oblong mass 
of unforged metal, as first extracted from the 
ore, so called because it is made to flow when 
melted into channels called pigs, branching 
from a main channel called the sow. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

PIGEON (pij'un), n. 
Any bird of the dove 
family. [Fr. — L. 
pipioy young bird — 
pipio, chirp.] 

PIGEON-BREASTED 
(pij'un-brest-ed), a. 
Having a physical 
deformity, due to 
rickets, In which the 
chest Is flattened 
from side to side, and the sternum or breast- 
bone is thrown forward. 

pigeon-English (pij'un-ing-giish), n. jargon 

composed of corrupted English, Portuguese, 
Chinese, etc., used by foreign merchants in 
dealings with Chinese. 




Fan-tail Pigeon. 



PIGEONHOLE (pij'un-hol), n. 1. Hole or 
niche in which pigeons lodge in a dovecot. 
2. Division of a case or desk for papers, etc. 

PIGEONHOLE (pij'un-hol), vt. [pr.p. PIGEON- 
HOLING; p.t. and p.p. PIGEONHOLED (pij- 
un-hold).] 1. Place in a pigeonhole; file 
away. 2. Put aside; ignore. 

PIGEON-TOED (pij'un-tod), a. Having the toes 
turned inwards. 

PIGEON- WING (pij'un- wing), n. 1. An eight- 
eenth century fashion of dressing the side hair 
of a man; also a wig so dressed. 2. A fancy 
dance-step. 

PIGGISH (pig'ish), a. Behaving like pigs. 

PIG-IRON (pig'i-urn), n. Iron in pigs or rough 
bars. 

PIGMENT (pig'ment), n. 1. Any substance for 
coloring. 2. Substance that gives color to 
tissues of animals and vegetables. [L. pigmen- 
tum — pingo, paint.] 

PIGMY. Same as PYGMY. 

PIGNUT (pig'nut), n. 1. In North America the 
nut of the brown hickory (Hicoria glabra). 2. 
The nut of certain South American species 
of Omphalia. 

PIGSKIN (plg'skin), n. 1. The skin of a pig. 2, 
A football. (Am. slang.) 3. Jockey's saddle. 

PIGTAIL (pig'tal), n. Hair of the head tied be- 
hind in the form of a pig's tail. 

PIKE (pik), n. 1. Weapon with a shaft and 
spear head, for- 
merly used by 
foot-soldiers. 2. 
Voracious fresh- 
water fish (so- 
called from its 
pointed snout).] 3. 
Turnpike. [A. S. 
pic] 

PIKED (pikt), a. 
Ending in a point. 

PlKE'S PEAK (piks pek). Peak of the Rocky 
Mountains, Colorado. Altitude 14,147 feet. 

PIKESTAFF (pik'staf), n. An iron-headed staff 
used by foot travelers, sometimes serving as 
a weapon. 

PILASTER (pi-las'ter), n. Square pillar or 
column, usually set within a wall. 
[Fr. pilastre — L. pila, pillar.] 

PILE (pil), n. 1. Heap; mass. 2. 
Large building. 3. Form of electric 
battery. [Fr. — L. pila, ball.] 

PILE (pil), vt. [pr.p. PI'LING;p.«. and 
p.p. PILED (pild).] Lay in a pile or 
heap; heap up; accumulate. 

PILE (pil), n. Large stake driven into 
the earth to support foundations or 
to form a dam. [A. S. pil — L. pila, 
pillar.] 

PILE (pil), vt. [pr.p. PI'LING; p.t. 

and p.p. PILED (pild).] Drive piles into. 

PILE (pil), «. 1. Hairy surface. 2. Nap on 
cloth. [L. pilus, hair.] 




Pike (Esox lucius). 




Pilaster. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move,- wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. 



PILE-DRIVER 



833 



PINCHERS 



PILE-DRIVER (pil'dri-ver), n. A machine for 
driving piles by lifting and dropping heavy 
weights. 

PILES (pilz), n.pl. Hemorrhoids. [L. pila, ball.] 

- JLFER (pilfer), v. [pr.p. FIL'FERING; p.t. and 
p.p. PILFERED (pll'ferd).] I. vt. Steal by 
petty theft. II. vi. Steal in a small way. [O. 
Fr. pelfrer — pelf re, pelf, booty.] 

PILGRIM (pil'grim), n. 1. One who travels to 
a distance to visit a sacred place. 2. Wanderer. 
3. [P-] Amer. History. One of the English 
Colonists who came in the Mayflower to Plym- 
outh, Mass., in 1620; also called Pilgrim 
fathers. [Fr. pelerin (for pellegrin) — L. per- 
egrinus, foreigner — pereger, traveler — per, 
through, and agcr, land.] 

PILGRIMAGE (pll'grlm-aj), n. Journey of a 
pilgrim; journey to a shrine or other sacred 
place. 

PILL (pil), n. 1. Little ball of medicine. 2. 
Anything unpleasant that has to be taken or 
accepted. [Fr. pilule — L. pilula, dim. of pila, 
ball.] 

PILLAGE (pil'aj), n. 1. Act of plundering. 2. 
Plunder. 

PILLAGE (pil'aj), vt. [pr.p. PIL'LAGING; p.t. 
and p.p. PILLAGED (pil'ajd).] Take money or 
property of by violence. [Fr. piller, plunder.] 

PILLAR (pil'ar), n. 1. Detached support, differ- 
ing from a column in that it is not 
necessarily cylindrical, or of class- 
ical proportions. 2. Anything 
that sustains. 3. Isolated shaft 
or column. [O. Fr. piler (Fr. pil- 
ier) — L.L. pilare — L. pila. pillar.] 

PILLARED (pil'ard), a. 1. Support- 
ed by a pillar or pillars. 2. Having 
the form of a pillar. 

PILLION (pil'yun), w. Cushion be- 
hind a saddle. [Gael, pillean, 
pad — peall, skin.] 

PILLORY (pllur-1), n. Wooden 
frame, having holes through 
which the head and hands of a 
criminal were put as a punish- 
ment. [Fr. pilori.] \ 

! PILLORY (pilur-1), vt. [pr.p. PIL'- 

LORYING; p.t. and p.p. PILLOR- Iron pillar at 
IED (pil'ur-id).] 1. Punish in the Delhi India. 
pillory. 2. Expose to ridicule. 240 ft - lugh - 

I PILLOW (pil 6), n. 1. Cushion filled with 
feathers, etc., for resting the head on. 2. 
Any cushion. [A. S. pyle.] 

PILLOW (pil'o), v. [pr.p. PILLOWING; p.t. and 
p.p. PILLOWED (pil'od).] I. vt. Layorreston 
for support. II. vi. Rest the head on a pillow. 

PILLOW-CASE (pil'6-kas), n. Outer covering 
for a pillow. 

PILLOW-SHAM (pll'6-sham), n. Ornamental 

cover laid over a pillow, when not used. 
PILLOWY (pil'6-i), o. Like a pillow; soft. 
PILOSE (pi'los), a. Hairy; downy; pilous. [L. 
pilus, hair.] 





Pimenta. 



PILOT (pi'lut), n. 1. One who conducts ships 
in and out of a harbor, along a dangerous 
coast, etc. 2. Guide. [Dut. piloot — peilen. 
sound, and lood (Ger. loth; E. LEAD), sound- 
ing lead.] 
PILOT (pi'lut), vt. [pr.p. PI'LOTING; p.t. and 
p.p. PI'LOTED.] 1. Conduct as a pilot. 2. 
Direct through dangerous places. 
PILOTAGE (pilut-aj), n. 1. Act of piloting. 

2. Fee or wages of pilots. 
PILOUS (pilus), a. Hairy; 
consisting of hair; hair- 
like; pilose. 
PIMENTA (pl-men'ta), 
PIMENTO (pi-men'to), 
n. 1. Jamaica pepper; 
allspice. 2. Evergreen 
tree producing it. [Pg. 
— L. pigmentum.] 
PIMPLE (pim'pl),n. Small 
swelling or pointed 
prominence of the cuticle. [A. S. pipel.] 
PIMPLED (pim'pld), PIMPLY (pim'pli), a. Hav- 
ing pimples. 
PIN (pin), n. 1. Sharp-pointed instrument, 
especially for fastening articles together. 2. 
Anything that holds parts together. 3. Peg 
used in musical instrument for fastening the 
strings. 4. Ornament attached with a pin, as 
breastpin, scarfpin, etc. [L. pinna, penna, 
feather, peg.] 
PIN (pin), vt. [pr.p. PIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
PINNED (pind).] 1. Fasten with a pin. 2. 
Hold fast, as If fastened with a pin ; make fast. 
PINAFORE (pin'a-for), n. Loose covering of 
cotton or linen over a child's dress, originally 
pinned to Its front. 
PINCERS. Same as PINCHERS. 
PINCH(pinch),t>. [pr.p. PINCHING; p. «. and p.p. 
PINCHED (pincht.] I. vt. 1. Grip hard; squeeze; 
nip. 2. Distress; gripe. 3. Straiten ; put in 
straits; press. 4. Arrest and imprison. (Slang.) 
II. vi. 1. Bear or press hard. 2. Live spar- 
ingly. [O. Fr. pincer.] 
PINCH (pinch), n. 1. Close compression with 
the fingers. 2. What can be taken up by the 
compressed fingers. 3. Gripe; distress. — On 
a pinch, in case of an emergency. 
PINCHBECK (pinch'bek), n. Yellow alloy of 
five parts of copper to one of zinc, resembling 
gold. [From the inventor, Christopher Pinch- 
beck.] 
PINCHED (pincht), a. 
compressed. 2. Thin; 
peakish. 3. In straits. 
PINCHER (plnch'er), n. 
One who or that which 
pinches. 
PINCHERS (plnch'erz), 
PINCERS (pin'serz), 
7i. sing, and pi. In- 
strument with two 
hinged jaws for seizing or gripping anything. 



Nipped; squeezed; 




Blacksmith's Pinchers. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, Jare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



A 



PINCUSHION 



834 



PIONEER 



Case or cushion 



After the style 
II. «. Pindaric 



PINCUSHION (pln'kosh-un), n 
for holding pins. 

Pindaric (pin-dar'ik), i. a, 

of Pindar, a Greek lyric poet 

ode; irregular ode. 
PINE (pin), n. Cone-bearing, resinous tree, fur- 
nishing valuable timber. [A. S. pin — L. pinus 

(for picnus),** pitch tree" — pice, picis, pitch.] 
PINE (pin), vi. [pr.p. PI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 

PINED (pind).] Waste away under pain or 

mental distress. [A. S. pinian, torment; from 

pfn, pain — L. poena.] 
PINEAPPLE (pin'ap-1), n. Tropical plant (An- 
anas sativa) 

and its fruit, 

shaped like 

a pine-cone. 

[A. S. pin- 

teppel—pin, 

pi n e, and 

ceppel ap- 
ple.] 
PINERY (pf- 

ngr-i), n. 1. 

Place where 

pineapples 

are raised. 

2. Pine forest. 
PINE-SAP (pin'sap), n. Plant of the genus 

Hypopytis and species multiflora, having a 

fleshy reddish stem. 
PINE-SNAKE (pin'snak), n. Snake of the 

genus Pityophis, such as the bullsnake, Pitu- 

ophis bellona. 




Pineapple Grove. 



A sparoid fish related 




PINFISH (pin'fish) 
to the scup. A 
cut of the plnfish 
(Lagodon rhom- 
boides) Is some- 
times incorrect- 
ly used in illus- 
tration of the 
penflsh (which 
See). The pinflsh Pinflsh {Lagodon rhomboides) . 
is sometimes called sailor's choice and bream. 
2. A small sunflsh. 

PINFOLD (pin' fold), n. An inclosure or pound 
in which stray animals are temporarily kept. 

PING-PONG (pingpang), n. Table tennis. [Imi- 
tative.] 

PINION (pln'yun), n, 1. Wing of a bird. 2. 
Joint of a wing most remote from the body 
of the bird. 3. Small wheel with teeth work- 
ing into others. [Fr. pignon — L. pinna, wing.] 

PINION (pln'yun), vt. [pr.p. PIN'IONING; p.t. 
and p.p. PINIONED (pin'yund).] 1. Confine 
the wings of. 2. Cut off the pinions of. 3. Con- 
fine or hold fast the arm of. 4. Confine or hold 
fast. 

PINK (pingk), vt. [pr.p. PINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PINKED (pingkt).] 1. Stab or pierce. 2. 
Ornament with eyelet-holes, scallops, etc. 
[A. 8. pyngan — L. pungo, prick.] 




Carnation Pink (Dianthu* 
caryophyllus). 



PINK (pingk), I, n. 1. Plant of the genus Dian- 
thus with beautiful 
flowers. 2. Shade 
o2 light-red coi»r 
like that of the 
flower. 3. That 
which Is supremely 
excellent; flower. 
II. a. Of the color 
called pink. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

PINKEYE (pingk'i), 
n, 1. An influenza of 
contagious nature 
affecting horses and 
causing inflamma- 
tion of the eye. 2. 
Ophthalmia of con- 
tagious nature in 
man. 

PINKROOT (pingk' rot), n. Root of Indian pink 
or Spigelia marilandica, a standard vermifuge. 

PIN-MONEY (pin'mun-i), n. 1. Law, Money 
allowed to a wife for private expenses. 2. Per- 
sonal allowance to any dependent or money 
set aside to cover small expenses. 

PINNACE (pln'as), n. 1. Small vessel with oars 
and sails 2. Boat with eight oars. IFr. 
pinasse — L.pinws, pine.] 

PINNACLE (pin'a-kl), n. High, sharp point as of 
a spire or mountain. [Fr. — L. pinna, feather.] 

PINNATE (pin'at), a. 1. Pot. Shaped or ar- 
ranged like a feather. 2. Zool. Furnished 
with fins. — Pinnated grouse. See PRAIRIE- 
CHICKEN. [L. pinnatus — pinna, feather.] 

PINOCLE, PINOCHLE (pe'nuk-1, pin'o-kl), n. 
A card game using all cards above eight-spot 
of two packs. 

PINT (pint), n. Dry and liquid measure of ca- 
pacity = \ quart or four gills. [Probably from 
a mark upon a larger measure. Fr. pinte — 
Sp. pinta, mark, pint — L. pingo, paint.] 

PINTAIL (pin'tal), n. A kind of duck; also 
called widgeon or sprig- 
tail; one of five species 
of the genus Dafila — 
American river ducks. 

PINTLE (pin'tl), n. 1. 
Long iron bolt. 2. Up-' 
right bolt or pin, as In 
a hinge, or on a boat to 
hang the rudder on. 
[Dim. of PIN.] 

PINWHKEL (pln'hwel), n. 

which revolves as it burns, giving the appear- 
ance of a wheel of fire. 

PIN WORM (pin'wurm), n. Small worm Infest- 
ing the rectum, especially of children. 

PINY (pi'ni), a. Full of pine-trees. 

PIONEER (pi-o-ner'), n. One who goes before 
to prepare the way; an early settler in a new 
country. [Fr. pionnier — pion, foot-soldier.] 

PIONEER (pi-o-neV). vt, [pr.p. PIONEERING? 




Pintail Duck (Dafila 

acuta) . 

A kind of firework 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tfien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PIOUS 



PISTOLE 



Act 



p.U and p.p. PIONEERED (pl-o-nerd').] 

as pioneer to. 
PIOUS (pi'us), a. 1. Having reverence and love 

for the Deity. 2. Done under the cloak of 

piety. [Fr. pieux — L. plus.] 

SYN. Devout; godly; reverential; holy; 

saintly; seraphic. ANT. Worldly-minded; 

impious; irreligious. 
PIOUSLY (pi'us-li), adv. In a pious manner. 
PIP (pip), n. Disease of fowls, with formation 

of phlegm in mouth and throat. [Fr. pepie, 

a corrup. of L. pituita, rheum.] 
PIP (pip), n. Seed of fruit. [From PIPPIN.] 
PIP (pip), n. Spot on cards. [Corrup. of Prov. E. 

pick — Fr. piquet spade.] 
PIPE (pip), w. 1. Musical instrument consisting 

of a long tube. 2. Any long tube. 3. Tube of 

clay, etc., with a bowl at one end for smoking 

tobacco. 4. Cask containing about one hun- 
dred and twenty-six gallons* 5. Peeping, 

whistle, or chirping of a bird. [A. S. pipe. Imi- 
tative of sound.] 
PIPE (pip), v. [pr.p. PI'PING; p.U and p.p. 

PIPED (pipt).] I. vt. 1. Play on a pipe; as, to 

pipe a tune. 2. Naut. Call with a pipe. 3. 

Give forth in shrill notes ; as, to pipe a song. 4. 

Supply with pipes. 5. Convey by pipes. 6. 

Watch secretly. (Slang.) II. vi. 1. Play upon 

a pipe. 2. Make a shrill sound. 3. Chirp. 
PIPECLAY (pip'kla), n. White clay used for 

making tobacco pipes and fine earthenware. 
PIPE-ORGAN (pip'ar-gan), n . Organ with pipes; 

largest of musical instru- 
ments. 
PIPETTE (pi-pet')» ». Small 

tube or can. 
PIPING (pi'ping), a. 1. 

Playing on a pipe. 2. 

Shrill. 3. Whistling; 

uttering shrill cries. 4. 

Characterized by the 

sounds of the peaceful 

flute rather than mar- "ngpip 

tial music. 5. Boiling; 

hissing (in the phrase 

piping hot). Pipe-organ. 

PIPKIN (pip'kin), n. 

Small earthen pot, or Jar. [Dim. of PIPE.] 
PIPPIN (pip'in), n. Variety of apple. [O. Fr. 

pepin, apple-tree raised from the seed.] 
PIQUANCY (pe'kan-si), n. Quality or state of 

being piquant. 
PIQUANT (pe'kant), a. Stimulating to the taste; 

pungent; racy. [Fr., pr.p. of pigtter, prick.] 
PIQUANTLY (pe'kant-li), adv. In a piquant 

manner. 
PIQUE (pek), n. Wounded pride; spite. 
PIQUE (pek), vt. [pr.p. PIQUING (pe king) ; p.U 

and p.p. PIQUED (pekt).] 1. Wound the pride 

of. 2. Offend. 3. Pride or value (one's self). 

IFr.] 
PIQUE (pe-ka/)» w. Fabric with inwoven pattern 

of small points. [Fr.] 




PIQUET (pe-ket'),«. Game at cards. [Said to be 
named from inventor.] 

PIRACY (pi'ra-si), n. [pi. PI'RACIES.] 1. Rob- 
bery on the high seas. 2. Infringement of 
copyright; literary theft. 

PlR^EUS (pi-re'us),n. Seaport of Athens, Greece. 

PIRATE (pi'rat), n. 1. Robber or plunderer on 
the high seas. 2. One who appropriates the 
literary labors of another without permission. 
[L. pirata — Gr. pevraWs — peirao, attempt.] 

"'RATE (pi'rat), v. [pr.p. PI'RATING; p.U and 
.p. PI'RATED.] I. vt. 1. Publish or appro- 
priate without permission or compensation, 
as books or writings. 2. Rob at sea. II. vi. 
Practice piracy. 

PIRATICAL (pi-rat'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a 
pirate. 2. Practicing piracy. 

PIRATICALLY (pi-rat'ik-al-1), adv. In a pirat- 
ical manner. 

PIROGUE (pi-rog'), n. Canoe made from a 
hollowed tree. [W. Ind.] 

PIROUETTE (pir-6-et'), n. Whirling or wheel- 
ing about, especially in dancing. [Fr.] 

PIROUETTE (pir-6-ef), vi. [pr.p. PIROUET'- 
TING; p.U and p.p. PIROUETTED.] Perform 
a pirouette. 

PlSA (pe'za), n. City, Italy, on the Arno. 

PISCATORIAL (pis-ka-to'ri-al), PISCATORY 
(pis'ka-to-ri), a. Relating to fishes or fishing. 

PlSCES (pis'ez), n. Twelfth sign of the zodiac. 
[L., pi. of piscis, fish.] 

PISCICULTURE (pis'i-kul-tur), n. Rearing of 
fish by artificial methods. [L. piscis, fish, and 
CULTURE.] 

PISH (pish), inter j. Exclamation of contempt. 

PISTACHIO (pis-ta'shi-6), n. Nut of a small tree 
(Pistacia vera), growing around the Mediter- 
ranean. [Gr. pistakion — Pers. pistd.] 

PISTIL (pis'til), n. Bot. Seed-bearing organ In 
the center, 
of a flow- 
er, so called 
from its 
likeness to 
the pestle of 
a mortar. 
[L. pistil- 
lum.] 

PISTOL (pis'- 
tul), n. A 
small hand- 
gun. [Orig. 
a dagger; 
Fr. pistole — 
It. pistola, 
said to be Pistils. 

tromPistOJa A. Section of Primrose, showing pistils laid open. 
,, . t».„j^ B. Section of Comfrey. C. Section of the ovary 
(.Orig. PlStO- oi a Lily D . pistil o{ pea, opened. E. Pistil of 
la), a t®wn the Barberry. F. Section of the flower of Cherry 
. _, , , showing pistils. 

in Italy.] 
PISTOLE (pis-tol'), n. Spanish gold coin worth 
about .1*8.85. [-So called because smaller than 
the cr«wns of France.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=<?A in Scetoh loch. 



PISTON 



836 



PLACABILITY 



PISTON (pls'tun),n. Short solid cylinder, fitting 
and moving forward and backward within 
another hollow one. [Fr. — It. pistone. See 
PESTLE.] 

PIT (pit), n. 1. Hole in the earth; abyss. 2. Hole 
used as a trap for wild beasts. 3. Hollow of 
the stomach. 4. Indentation left by smallpox. 
5. 3Iain floor of a theater. 6. Inclosure for a 
fight, as of dogs. 7. Shaft of a mine. 8. Stone, 
as of a cherry. — Pit saw, saw for two men, 
one above and one below. [A. S. pyt — L. 
puteus, a well.] 

PIT (pit), vt. [pr.p. PITTING; p.t. and p.p. 
PIT'TED.] 1. 3Iark with pits or little hollows. 
2. Set in competition; set against one another, 
as in a contest. 

PITAPAT (pit'a-pat), adv. With palpitation or 
quick beating. [A repetition of PAT.] 

PITCH (pich), n. Black shining substance ob- 
tained by boiling down common tar. [A. S. 
pic — L. pix.] 

PITCH (pich), vt. [pr.p. PITCHING; p.*. and p.p. 
PITCHED (picht).] Smear with pitch. 

PITCH (pich), v. [pr.p. PITCHING; p.t. and p.p. 
PITCHED (picht).] I. vt. 1. Throw. 2. Fix or 
set in array. 3. Fix the tone of. 4. Baseball. 
Deliver (a ball) to the batsman. II. vi. 1. Settle. 
2. Come to rest from flight. 3. Fall headlong. 
4. Fix the choice. 5. Encamp. 6. Rise and 
fall, as of the bow and stern of a ship; opposed 
to the roll from side to side. 7. Baseball. To 
act as pitcher. [A form of PICK.] 

PITCH (pich), n. 1. Throw; cast. 2. Point or 
degree of elevation or depression; degree of 
slope. 3. Music. Height of a note. 4. Mach. 
Distance between the centers of two teeth. 

PITCHBLENDE (pich'blend), n. Uraninite. 

PITCHED (picht), a. 1. Fully prepared and 
planned, as a battle. 2. Sloped. 

PITCHER (pich'er), n. One who pitches. 

PITCHER (pich'er), n. Large-mouthed jug. 
[O. Fr. picher — root of BEAKER.] 

PITCHER-PLANT (pich'er-plant), n. Tropical 
plant with vase-shaped leaves holding water 
like pitchers. 

PITCHFORK (pich'fark), n. Fork for pitching 
hay, etc. 

PITCHPIPE (pich'pip), n. Small pipe with 
which the voice or a tune is pitched. 

PITCHY (pich'l), a. Having the qualities of 
pitch; smeared with pitch; black like pitch; 
dark; dismal. 

PITEOUS (pit'e-us), a. 1. Showing or feeling 
pity. 2. Fitted to excite pity. 3. Paltry. 

SYN. Miserable; woeful; sorrowful; dole- 
ful; sad; compassionate. 

PITFALL (pit'fal), n. 1. Pit slightly covered, so 
that wild beasts may fall in and be caught. 
2. Any hidden snare. 

PITH (pith), w. 1. Soft substance in the center 
of stems of plants, feathers, etc. 2. Con- 
densed substance; quintessence. [A. S. pitha. 
Akin to PIT, stone.] 



PITHILY (pith'i-li), adv. In a pithy manner. 

PITHLESS (pith'les), a. Wanting pith, force or 
energy. 

PITHY (pith'i), a. 1. Full of pith. 2. Forcible; 
terse. 

PITIABLE (pit'i-a-bl), a. Deserving pity ; affect- 
ing. 

PITIABLY (pit'i-a-bli), adv. In a pitiable 
manner. 

P1TIFULNESS (pit'i-fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pitiful. 

PITIFUL (pit'i-fol), a. 1. Compassionate. 2. 
Causing pity. 3. Despicable. 

PITIFULLY (pit'i-fol-i), adv. In a pitiful manner 

PITILESS (pit'1-les), a. Without pity. 

PITILESSLY (pit'i-les-li), adv. In a pitiless 
manner. 

PITILESSNESS (pit'i-les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pitiless. 

PITMAN (pitman), n. 1. [pi. PIT'MEN.l One 
who works in a pit. 2. [pi. PIT'MANS.] Con- 
necting rod. 

PITTANCE (pit'ans), n. Small portion, as of 
food. [Fr. pitance.] 

PlTTSBURG (pits'burg), n. City in Pennsyl- 
vania, at head of Ohio River. 

PITUITARY (pit'u-i-ta-ri), a. Secreting mucus. 
— Pituitary body, small 
two-lobed part of the 
brain, back of the nose; 
pituitary gland. [L. pit- 
uita, mucus, phlegm.] 

PITY(pit'i),n. 1. Sympathy 
with a sufferer. 2. Cause 
of commiseration. [O. Fr. 
pite — L. pietas.] 

PITY(plt'i),if. [pr.p. PITY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PIT- 
IED (pit' id).] Feel pity 
for; sympathize with in Brain viewed from 

distress. I. Pituitary eland.*2, 2. Tern- 

PIVOT (piv'ut), n. Pin on p° ral lo , be f • 3 - . 3 - Front ? 1 

r '" lobes. 4, 4. Cerebellum. 5- 

Which anything turns. Medulla oblongata. 6. Poni 

[Fr. — It. piva, peg; L.L. 

pipa, pipe.] 
PIVOT (piv'ut), v. [pr.p. PIVOTING; p.t.and p.p. 

PIV'OTED.] I. vt. 1. Provide with a pivot. 2. 

Place on a pivot. II. vi. Turn on a pivot. 
PIVOTAL (piv'ut-al), a. 1. Of the nature of a 

pivot. 2. Acting as a pivot. 
PIVOT-GUN (piv'ut-gun), n. Gun mounted on 

a pivot, so as to be able to turn in any direc- 
tion. 
PIVOTING (piv'ut-ing), n. Pivoted arrangement 

in machines. 
PIXY, PIXIE (piks'l),n. [pi. PIX'IES.] Fairy; elf. 
PIZZICATO (pit-si-ka'to), a. Phrase used in 

music for the violin or other bowed instrument 

to denote that the strings are to be plucked 

with the fingers in the manner of a harp or 

guitar. [It.] 
PLACABILITY (pla-ka-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 

state of being placable. 




Varolii. 7. Corpus callosum. 
8. Optic nerve. 9. Olfactory 
track. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=e/i in Scotch loch. 



PLACABLE 



837 



PLANE 



PLACABLE (plaka-bl), a. That may be ap- 
peased; forgiving. [L. placabilis — placo, ap- 
pease.] 

PLACABLY (pla'ka-bll), adv. In a placable 
manner. 

PLACARD (plak'ard or pla-kard'), n. Written or 
printed paper stuck upon a wall as an adver- 
tisement, etc.; poster. [Fr.] 

PLACARD (pla-kard' orplak'ard), «^. [pr.p.PLA- 
CARD'ING; p.t. and p.p. PLACARD'ED.] 1. 
Post placards upon. 2. Announce by posters. 

PLACATE (pla'kat), vt. [pr.p. PLA'CATING; 
p.t. and p.p. PLA'CATED.] Appease; pacify; 
conciliate. [L. placeo, please.] 

PLACE (plas), w. 1. Space; locality; spot. 2. 
Existence. 3. Position. 4. Stead. 5. Short 
street. [Fr. — L. platea, broad street.] 

PLACE (plas), vt. [pr.p. PLA'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLACED (plast).] 1. Put in any particular 
place or position. 2. Find a home for. 3. 
Appoint to office; assign to duty. 4. Invest. 
5. Repose; fix; set. 

PLACENTA (pla-sen'ta), n. Vascular organ 
attaching the fetus to the womb. 

PLACENTAL (pla-sen'tal), o. Of or pertaining 
to the placenta. 

PLACER (plas'er), n. Deposit of valuable 
mineral found in particles in alluvium, beds 
of streams, etc. [Sp.] 

PLACID (plas'id), a. Peaceful. [L. placidus — 
placeo, please.] 

PLACIDITY (pla-sid'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being placid. 

PLACIDLY (plas'id-li), adv. In a placid manner. 

PLACIDNESS (plas'ed-nes), n. Placidity. 

PLACKET (plak'et), n. 1. Pocket. 2. Slit in a 
skirt. [O. Fr. placquette, patch.] 

PLAFOND (pla-fond'), n. Ceiling. [Fr. plat fond, 
flat bottom.] 

PLAGIARISM (pla'ji-a-rizm), n. 1. Act or 
practice of plagiarizing. 2. What is pla- 
giarized. 

PLAGIARIST (pla'jl-a-rist), n. One who pla- 
giarizes. [Fr. plagiarie — L. plagiarius, man- 
stealer — plaga, net.] 

PLAGIARIZE (pla'jl-a-rlz),vt. [pr. p. PLAGIA- 
RIZING; p.t. andp.p. PLAGIARIZED (pla/ji-a- 
rizd).] Take from the writings of another 
without acknowledgment. 

PLAGIARY (pla'ji-ar-i), I. n. Plagiarism. II. a. 
Practicing literary theft. 

PLAGIOCLASE (pla'ji-o-klas), n. Min. Tri- 
cllnic feldspar. [Gr. plagios, oblique, and 
clasis, rupture.] 

PLAGUE (plag), n. 1. Great natural evil. 2. 
Deadly epidemic or pestilence. 3. Anything 
troublesome. [L. plaga, blow.] 

PLAGUE (plag), vt. [pr.p. PLAGUING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLAGUED (plagd).] 1. Harass or annoy. 
2. Afflict with a plague or other disease. 

PLAICE (plas), n. Flounder. [O. Fr. plals.] 

PLAID (plad or plad), I. n. 1. Loose outer gar- 
ment consisting of a rectangular piece of 



checked woolen cloth, chiefly worn by the 
Highlanders of Seotland. 2. Goods of any 
quality or material of a, tartan or checked pat- 
tern. II. a. Made of or resembling a plaid; 
checkered with bars. [Gael, plaide, blanket, 
contraction of peallaid, sheepskin.] 

PLAIDED (plad'ed), a. 1. Wearing a plaid. 2. 
Made of plaid; tartan. 

PLAIDING (plad'ing or plad'ing), n. 1. Strong 
twilled woolen cloth, used for blankets, plaids, 
and gowns. 2. Tartan or plaid. 3. Plaided 
pattern. 

PLAIN (plan), I. a. Without elevations or cover, 
ornaments, difficulty, etc.; easily understood; 
undisguised; downright; as, a plain lie. II. n. 
Level land. [Fr. — L. planus.] 

SYN. Even; flat; level; frank; artless; 
smooth; open; simple; sincere; homely; 
uneducated; evident. ANT. Uneven; con- 
fused; dubious; beautiful; embellished. 

PLAINLY (plan'li), adv. In a plain manner. 

PLAINNESS (plan'nes), «. Quality or state of 
being plain. 

PLAINT (plant), n. Lamentation; complaint. 
[O. Fr. pleinte—L,. plango, beat the breast in 
mourning.] 

PLAINTIFF (plan'tif), n. One who commences 
a suit in law. [Fr. plaintif. See PLAINT.] 

PLAINTIVE (plan'tiv), a. Expressing sorrow; 
lamenting. [Same as PLAINTIFF.] 

PLAINTIVELY (plan'tiv-li), adv. In a plaintive 
manner. 

PLAINTIVENESS (plan'tiv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being plaintive. 

PLAISANCE (pla-zansO, n. Older form of 
PLEASANCE. 

PLAIT (plat), n. 1. Fold; doubling. 2. Braid. 
[O. Fr. pleit — L. plico, fold.] 

PLAIT (plat), vt. [pr.p. PLAIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLAIT'ED.] 1. Double in narrow folds; fold. 
2. Interweave; braid. 

PLAN (plan), n. 1. Drawing of a building, ma- 
chine, etc. 2. Scheme. 3. Method. [Fr. — L. 
planus, flat.] 

PLAN (plan), v. [pr.p. PLAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLANNED (pland).] I. vt. 1. Make a sketch of 
on a flat surface. 2. Lay plans for. II. vi. 
Form plans. 

PLANARIDA (pla-nari-da), n.pl. Suborder of 
the turbellarian flat worms, most species of 
them aquatic but some found in moist earth. 

PLANAR Y (plana-ri), a. Lying in one plane; 
flat. 

PLANCHETTE (plan-shet), n. Small heart- 
shaped board on three supports, two of which 
have castors, while the third has a lead-pencil- 
point; used for automatic or supposedly auto- 
matic writing. 

PLANE (plan), I. n. 1. Level surface. 2. Geom. 
Even superficies; a flat or incurved surface. 
II. a. 1. Plain; even; level. 2. Pertaining to, 
lying in, or forming, a plane. [Fr. — L. planus. 
See PLAIN, even.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PLANE 



838 



PLASTER 




Universal Plane 



PLANE (plan), n. Carpenter's tool for smooth- 
ing boards, etc. 
PLANE (plan), vt. 

[pr.p. PLA'- 

NING; p.t. and 

p.p. PLANED 

(pland).] 1. 

Make smooth 

or level by 

means of a 

plane. 2. Print, 

Bring to a level 

with a planer 

and mallet. 
PLANER (pla'- 

ner), n. 1. Planing-machine. 2. Wooden 

block used to level the face of a form of type 

before printing. 
PLANET (plan'et), n. One of the bodies in the 

solar system which revolve round the sun. 

[Gr. planetes, wanderer.] 
PLANETARIUM (plan-e-ta/ri-um), n. Machine 

showing the motions and orbits of the planets. 
PLANETARY (plan'e-ta-ri), a. 1. Pertaining to 

the planets. 2. Consisting of or produced by 

planets. 3. Erratic; revolving. 
PLANETOID (plan'et-oid), n. Very small planet; 

asteroid. [Gr. planetes, wanderer, and eidos, 

form.] 
PLANE-TREE (plan'tre), n. Tree of the genus 

Platanus. The American plane-tree, Platanus 

occidentalis (sycamore, button wood), often 

grows ninety to one hundred and twenty feet 

high and has leaves like the maples. The 

habitat of the oriental plane-tree (Platanus 

orientalis) extends from Persia to India. Its 

wood is used in cabinet-making. [Fr. plane — 

L. platanus — Gr. platanos — platys, broad.] 
PLANIMETER (pla-nlm'e-ter), n. Instrument 

for measuring a plane area. 
PLANISH (plan'ish), vt. [pr.p. PLAN'ISHING; 

p.t, and p.p. PLANISHED (planisht).] Make 

smooth by planing or hammering. 
PLANISPHERE (plan'i-sfer), n. Projection of 

the celestial sphere on a plane* 
PLANK (plangk), n. 1. Long, plain piece of 

timber, thicker than a board. 2. One of the 

parts of a political program (platform). [L. 

planca, board.] 
PLANK (plangk), vt. [pr.p. PLANKING; p.t. and 

p.p. PLANKED (plangkt).] 1. Cover with 

planks. 2. Split and cook on a board, as fish. 
PLANKING (plangklng), n. 1. Act of laying 

planks. 2. A series of planks. 3. Work made 

up of planks. 
PLANNER (plan'er), n. One who plans or forms 

a plan; projector. 
PLANO-CONCAVE (pla-no-kon'kav), a. 

on one side and concave on the other. 
PLANO-CONVEX (pla-no-kon'veks), a. 

on one side and convex on the other. 
PLANORBIS (pla-nar'bis), n. A West 

mollusk of the order Pulmonata, the 



Plane 



Plane 



Indian 
species 



guadaloupensis (Sowerby) having large com- 
pressed shell with six slowly increasing whorls. 




Planorbis (Planorbis guadaloupensis 
Sower by j . 

PLANT (plant), n. 1. Shoot, sprout, or slip. 2. 
Herb, or any vegetable growth smaller than 
a tree or shrub. 3. Tools, material, fixtures, 
buildings and grounds of a trade or business. 
[A.S. plante — L. planta, plant.] 

PLANT (plant), v. [pr.p. PLANT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLANTED.] I. -vt. 1. Put into the ground 
for growth. 2. Furnish with plants. 3. Set 
in the mind. 4. Establish. II. vi. Perform 
the act of planting; sow seed; set plants. 

PLANTAIN (plan'tan), n. 1. Tree of tropical 
countries, with broad 
leaves. In shape and 
fruit it resembles the 
banana closely. 2. Its 
fruit. 3. Weed with 
large spreading leaves. 
[From the root of 
PLANT.] 

PLANTATION (plan-ta'- 
shun), n. 1. Place 
planted. 2. Large farm 
or estate under con- 
trol of an overseer. 

PLANTER (planter), n. 

I. One who plants or 
introduces. 2. Owner 
of a plantation. 

PLANTIGRADE (plan'ti-grad), I. a. That walks 
on the sole of the foot; opposed to DIGITI- 
GRADE. II. n. Plantigrade animal, as man 
or bear. [L. planta, sole, and gradior, walk.] 

PLAQUE (plak), n. Ornamental plate of china 
or other ware upon which pictures are painted. 
[Fr.] 

PLASH (plash), n. 1. Dash of water. 2. Puddle; 
shallow pool. [Imitative.] 

PLASH (plash), v. [pr.p. PLASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLASHED (plasht).] I. vt. 1. Make a 
splashing sound in. 2. Splash or sprinkle. 

II. vi. Dabble in water. 

PLASHY (plash'i), a. Abounding in plashes or 
puddles. 

PLASTER (plas'ter), I. n. 1. Some substance 
that can be molded into figures. 2. Compo- 
sition of lime, water, and sand for overlaying 
walls, etc. 3. Med. External application 
spread on cloth, etc. II. a, Made of plaster. 
[A. S. plaster — O. Fr. piastre — L. emplastrum, 
mold.] 

PLASTER (plas'ter), vt. [pr.p. PLASTERING; 




Plantains. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
il-u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



PLASTERER 



839 



PLAZA 



p.t. and p.p. PLASTERED (plas'terd).] 1. 
Cover with plaster. 2. Apply a plaster to. 

PLASTERER (plas'ter-er), n. One who plas- 
ters, or one who works in plaster. 

PLASTERING (plas'ter-ing), n. 1. Act of cover- 
ing with plaster. 2. Plaster work of a building. 

PLASTIC (plas'tik), a. 1. Having power to give 
form. 2. Capable of being molded. [Gr. 
plastikos — plasso, mold.] 

PLASTICITY (plas-tis'i-ti), n. State or quality 
of being plastic. 

PLASTRON (plas'trun), n. 1. Breastplate. 2. 
Lower shell, as of a tortoise. 

PLAT (plat), w. Flat stretch of high ground. [So. 
African Dutch.] 

PLAT (plat), n. Piece of ground; piece of ground 
laid out. [A form of PLOT.] 

PLATE (plat), n. 1. Thin piece of metal. 2. 
Wrought gold and silver. 3. Household uten- 
sils in gold and silver, or covered (plated) with 
gold or silver. 4. Flat dish. 5. Engraved 
plate of metal; stereotype; electrotype, etc. 
6. Horizontal timber in or on a wall to receive 
the ends of other timber. 7. Photog. Sheet of 
glass with a coating, sensitive to light. [O. Fr. 
— Gr. platys, broad.] 

PLATE (plat), vt. [pr.p. PLA'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLA'TED.j 1. Overlay with a coating of plate 
or metal. 2. Beat into thin plates. 

PLATEAU (pla-to'), n. [pi. PLATEAUX or 
PLATEAUS (pla-toz').] Broad flat space on an 
elevated position; table-land. [Fr.] 

PLATEN (plat'en), n. Slab; flat plate; part of 
printing machine which supports the tympan. 
[Fr. platine.] 

PLATFORM (plat farm), n. 1. Raised level 
scaffolding. 2. Statement of principles to 
which a body of men declare their adhesion. 
3. The function of public speaking. [Fr. 
plateforme, thing of "flat form."] 

PLATINA (plat'i-na or pla-te'na), n. Same as 
PLATINUM. 

PLATING (pla/ting), n. 1. Process of overlaying 
with a coating of plate or 
metal. 2. Thin coating 
of metal. . 

PLATINUM (plat'i-num), 
n. White precious metal, 
very hard and ductile, 
but very infusible. [Sp. 
platina — plata, silver.] 

PLATITUDE (plat'i-tud), w. 

1. That which exhibits dullness. 2. Trite re- 
mark; truism. 

PLATONIC (pla-ton'ik), a. I. Relating to Plato, 
the Greek philosopher, or his philosophical 
opinions. 2. Pure and passionless. 

PLATONISM (pla/to-nizm), n. Philosophical 
opinions of Plato. 

PLATONIST (pla'to-nist), n. Follower of Plato. 

PLATOON (pla-tonO, n. 1. Body of soldiers in a 
hollow square. 2. Number of recruits as- 
sembled for exercise. 3. Subdivision of a corn- 




Apparatus for electric 
plating. 



pany. [Fr. peloton, ball, group — pelole — L. 
pila, ball.] 

PLATTDEUTSCH (plat'doich), a. Low or North 
German as spoken along the coast of Germany 
[Ger. platt, flat, level, and deutsch, German.] 

PLATTE (plat), n. River, Nebraska, falls into 
Missouri River. 

PLATTER (plater), n. Large flat dish. 

PLATYPUS (plat'l-pus), n. An egg-laying mam- 
mal of Australia; also called duckbill from 
having a bill like a duck. [Gr. platys, broad, 
and pous, foot.] 

PLAUDIT (pla'dit), n. Applause; praise be- 
stowed. [L. plaudite, praise ye 1] 

PLAUSIBILITY (pla-zi-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. PLAUSI- 
BILITIES.] Quality or state of being plausible. 

PLAUSIBLE (pla'z*i-bl), a. Superficially con- 
vincing; apparently right; specious. [L. plana- 
ibilis — plaudOf praise.] 

PLAUSIBLENESS (pla'zi-bl-nes), n. Plausibil- 
ity. 

PLAY (pla), v. [pr.p. PLAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLAYED (plad).] I. vi. 1. Engage in exer- 
cise or a game ; sport. 2. Trifle ; act a sportive 
part. 3. Move irregularly. 4. Operate. 5. Act 
in a theater. 6. Perform on a musical instru- 
ment. 7. Practice a trick. 8. Act a character. 
9. Gamble. II. vt. 1. Put in motion. 2. Per- 
form upon. 3. Perform. 4. Compete with. 
[A. S. plegan, play — Ger. pflegen.] 

PLAY (pla), n. 1. Exercise for amusement; 
amusement. 2. Friendly contest. 3. Ga- 
ming. 4. Action or use. 5. Manner of dealing, 
as, ta\v-play. 6. Dramatic composition. 7. 
Movement. 8. Room for motion; liberty of 
action. 

PLAYABLE (pla'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
played. 

PLAYBILL (pla'bil), n. Bill or program of a 
play, with the names of the actors and the 
parts taken by them. 

PLAYER (pla'er), n. 1. One who plays or takes 
part in a game. 2. One who plays on the stage. 
3. Musical performer. 

PLAYFELLOW (plafel-6), n. Companion in 
play; playmate. 

PLAYFUL (pla/fol), a. Given to play; sportive. 

PLAYFULLY (pla'fQl-i), adv. Inaplayful manner. 

PLAYFULNESS (pla'fol-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being playful. 

PLAYGROUND (pla'grownd), n. A Piece of 
ground designed for children to play upon. 

PLAYHOUSE (pla'hows), n. 1. Theater. 2. 
Structure for children to play in. 

PLAYING-CARD (plaing-kard), n. One of a set 
of fifty-two cards used in playing games. 

PLAYMATE (pla'mat), n. Companion in play. 

PLAYTHING (pla'thing), n. Something to play 
with; toy. 

PLAYWRIGHT (pla'rit), n. Writer or adapter 
of plays for the stage. 

PLAZA (pla'za), n. Public square or market 
place. [Sp.] 



fate, 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tfiQn, kh~ch in Scotch loch. 



PLEA 



840 



PLETHORA 



PLEA (pie), n. 1. Defendant's answer to the 
plaintiff's declaration. 2. Whatever is alleged 
In support of a cause. 3. Excuse; apology. 
4. Urgent entreaty. [O. Fr. plait — L. placi- 
Uim, pleasure, decision.] 

PLEAD (pled), v . [pr.p. PLEADING;^*, and p.p. 
PLEAD'ED or PLEAD (pled).] I. vi. 1. Enter 
a plea in a lawsuit. 2. Argue in support of a 
cause against another. 3. Seek to persuade. 
II. vt. 1. Discuss by arguments. 2. Allege 
In pleading. 3. Offer in excuse. [Fr. plaider — 
root of PLEA.] 

PLEADABLE (pled'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
pleaded. 

PLEADER (pled'er), n. One who pleads. 

PLEADING (pled'ing), I. a. Imploring. II. n. 
Law. Statements of the two parties in a law- 
suit. 

PLEASANCE (plez'ans), n. A pleasure-garden, 
usually one attached to a mansion and se- 
cluded by shrubbery and trees. 

PLEASANT (plez'ant), a. Pleasing; cheerful. 
[Fr. plaisant.] 

SYN. Agreeable; pleasing; gratifying; 
acceptable; charming; welcome; amiable; 
good-humored. ANT. Unpleasant; dis- 
agreeable; obnoxious; offensive. 

PLEASANTLY (plez'ant-li), adv. In a pleasing 
manner. 

PLEASANTNESS (plez'ant-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pleasant. 

PLEASANTRY (plez'ant-ri), n. [pi. PLEAS'ANT- 
RIES.] Jocularity; raillery. [Fr. plaisanterle.] 

PLEASE (plez), v. [pr.p. PLEAS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLEASED (plezd).] I. vt. 1. Delight. 2. 
Satisfy. II. vi. Like; choose. [0. Fr. plaisir 
— L. placeo, please.] 

PLEASING (plez'lng), a. Giving pleasure; agree- 
able. 

PLEASINGLY (pleVing-li), adv. In a pleasing 
manner. 

PLEASURABLE (plezh'or-a-bl), a. Giving 
pleasure; gratifying. 

PLEASURABLY (plezh'ttr-a-bll), adv. In a 
pleasurable manner. 

PLEASURE (plezh'or), n. 1. Agreeable emotion; 
gratification. 2. Amusement. 3. What the 
will prefers; purpose; command; approbation. 
[Fr. plalsir — L. placeo.] 

PLEAT (plet), n. and v. See PLAIT. 

PLEB (pleb), PLEBE (pleb), n. 1. One of the 
common people. 2. A freshman, especially a 
first year student at the U. S. military academy 
at West Point. 

PLEBEIAN (ple-bg'i-an), I, o. Pertaining to the 
common people; vulgar. II. n. One of the 
common people. [L. plebeius, a plebeian.] 

PLEBISCITE (pleb'i-sit), n. Decree passed by 
the votes of an entire nation. [Fr. — L. plebi- 
8dtutn, "decree of the people," from plebs, 
the people, and scitum, decree — scisco — seio, 
know.] 

PLECTRUM (plek'trum), n. [pi. PLECTRA.] 



Small instrument with which the strings of a 
lyre, etc., are twanged. [L.] 

PLEDGE (plej), n. 1. Security; surety. 2. 
Promise. 3. Good-will, expressed by drinking 
together. [O. Fr. plege.] 

PLEDGE (plej), vt. [pr.p. PLEDG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLEDGED (plejd).] 1. Give as security. 
2. Engage for by promise. 3. Drink to the 
health of. 

PLEDGER (plej'er), n. One who pledges. 

PLEIAD (ple'yad or pli'ad), n. [pi. PLEIADES 
(ple'ya-dez), or PLEIADS (ple'yadz).] Any 
star of the constellation Pleiades. 

PLEIADES (ple'ya-dez or pli'a-dez), n.pl. 1. 
Myth. Seven daughters of Atlas and Plcione, 
after death changed into stars. 2. Astron. 
A group of seven stars in the shoulder of the 
constellation Taurus. [L. — Gr. Pleiades — pled, 
sail, as indicating the stars favorable to navi- 
gation.] 

PLENARY (ple'na-ri), a. Full; entire; complete. 
[L.L. plenarius — L. plenus, full.] 

PLENIPOTENTIARY (plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), c. 
Invested with full and absolute powers. [L. 
plenus, full, and potentia, power.] 

PLENIPOTENTIARY (plen-i-po-ten'shi-a-ri), n. 
[pi. PLENIPOTEN'TIARIES.] Negotiator in- 
vested with full powers, especially a special 
ambassador. 

PLENIST (ple'nist), n. One who denies the pos- 
sibility of a vacuum, holding that all space 
is filled with matter of some kind. 

PLENITUDE (plen'i-tud), n. Fullness; com- 
pleteness. 

PLENTEOUS (plen'te-us), a. 1. Fully sufficient. 
2. Fruitful. 3. Rich. 

PLENTIFUL (plen'ti-fol), a. Copious; abundant; 
yielding abundance. 

PLENTY (plen'ti), n. Full supply; abundance. 
[O. Fr. plente — L. plenus, full.] 

SYN. Fullness; amplitude; exuberance; 
sufficiency. ANT. Scantiness; insufficiency; 
poverty. 

PLENTY (plen'ti), a. Plentiful; abundant. 

PLENUM (ple'num), n. 1. Space considered as in 
every part filled with matter; opposed to 
VACUUM. 2. Inclosed quantity of gas of 
greater than its natural density. [L., full.] 

PLEONASM (ple'o-nazm), n. 1. Use of more 
words than are necessary. 2. Redundant ex- 
pression. [Gr. pleonasmos — pleion, more — 
pleos, full.] 

PLEONASTIC (ple-o-nas'tik), a. Redundant. 

PLESIOSAURUS (ple-si-o-sa'rus), «. Fossil rep- 

«£££ ^^^^^^^^^ 

of the Mesozolc ^^ ^^^ 

systems. [Gr. *%, 

plSsios, near, Skeleton of Plesiosaurus. 

and sauros, lizard.] 
PLETHORA (pleth'o-ra), n. 1. Excessive full- 
ness of blood. 2. Over-fullness. [Gr. pUth&ri, 
fullness — pleos, full.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PLETHORIC 



841 



PLUCK 




Section of the Pleura. 



PLETHORIC (ple-thor'ik), a. Having a full 

habit of body, or the vessels too full of fluids. 
PLEURA (plo'ra), n. [pi. PLEU'R^E.] One of two 

delicate serous 

membranes 

which cover 

the lungs 

andlinethe 

cavity of 

the chest. 

[Gr„ rib, 

side.] 
PLEURAL 

(plo'ral), a. 

Pertaining 

to a pleura 

or rib. 
PLEURISY (plo'ri-sl), n. Inflammation of the 

pleura. [Gr. pleuritis, of the lungs (the word 

nosos, disease, being understood) — pleura, 

side.] 
PLEUROPNEUMONIA (plo-ro-nu-mo'ni-a), n. 

Inflammation of the pleura and lungs. [Gr. 

pleura, the side and pneumon, the lung.] 
PLEXUS (pleks'us), n. Network, as of fibers, 

nerves, vessels, etc. — Solar plexus, network of 

nerves and ganglia, situated behind the 

stomach. 
PLIABILITY (pli-a-bil'i-ti), PLIABLENESS (pll'- 

a-bl-nes), n. Quality of being pliable or flexi- 
ble. 
PLIABLE (pli'a-bl), a. 1. Easily bent or folded; 

supple; flexible; tractable. 2. Easily per- 
suaded. [L. plico, fold.] 
PLIABLY (pll'a-bli), adv. In a pliable manner. 
PLIANCY (pli'an-si), n. Pliability. 
PLIANT (pli'ant), a. 1. Bending easily; flexible. 

2. Tractable; easily persuaded. 
PLIANTLY (pli'ant-li), adv. In a pliant manner. 
PLIERS (pli'erz), n.pl. Pincers for seizing and 

bending. 
PLIGHT (plit), n. Dangerous or 

uncomfortable condition. [O. Fr. 

plite — L. plicitus, p.p. of plico, 

fold.] 
PLIGHT (plit), n. Engagement; 

promise; pledge. [A. S. pliht, 

pledge.] 
PLIGHT (plit), vt. [pr.p. PLIGHT'-) 

ING; p.t. and p.p. PLIGHT 'ED.] 

1. Pledge; as, to plight one's 

faith. 2. Promise; engage; be- 
troth. 

PLIGHTER (plit'er), n. One who plights. 
PLINTH (plinth), n. 1. Square member forming 

the lower part of the base of a column or 

pedestal. 2. Projecting face at the bottom of 

a wall. [L. plinthus — Gr. plinthos, brick.] 
PLIOCENE (pli'6-sen), n. Most recent division 

of the Tertiary age. [Gr. pleion, more, and 

kainos, new.] 
PLOD (plod), vi. [pr.p. PLOD'DING; p.t. and 

p.p. PLOD'DED.] Travel laboriously; trudge 




Pliers. 




Golden Plover (Chara- 
drius dominions). 



on steadily; toil. [Probably originally "wade 
through pools." — Ir. plod, pool.] 

PLODDER (plod'er), n. One who plods. 

PLOT (plot), n. 1. Small piece of ground. 2. 
Plan or chart of a piece of ground. [A. S. plot, 
patch of land.] 

PLOT (plot), vt. [pr.p. PLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLOT'TED.] Make a plot or chart of. 

PLOT (plot), n. 1. Scheme; conspiracy; strata- 
gem. 2. Chain of incidents in the story of a 
play, etc. [Fr. complot — L. complicitum — 
complico, fold together.] 

PLOT (plot), v. [pr.p. PLOT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLOT'TED.] I. vt. Contrive or devise. II. vi. 
Form a scheme of mischief; conspire. 

PLOTTER (plot er), n. One who plots; con- 
spirator. 

PLOUGH, PLOUGHABLE, etc. Common spell- 
ing in England for PLOW, PLOWABLE, etc. 

PLOVER (pluv'er), n. Kind of wading migratory 
bird ranging in the 
Western Hemisphere 
from the Arctic Ocean 
to Brazil. The Ameri- 
can golden plover 
(Charadrius dominicus) 
migrates overland fol- 
lowing to a consider- 
able extent the shores 
of rivers and lakes, and 
delighting in barren 
and burnt ground. The beetlehead (Charadrius 
squatarola), known variously as the black- 
bellied plover, black-breasted plover, oxeye 
plover, Swiss plover, bullhead, chucklehead, is 
slightly larger and more maritime, preferring 
to follow the coast-line. Other species are the 
wide-ranging ring plover (JEgialites hiaticida), 
the half-webbed (JEgialites semipalmata), the 
kllldeer {Oxyechus vociferus), the ruddy turn- 
stone (Arenaria inter pres morinella). [Fr. 
pluvier — L. pluvia, rain.] 

PLOW (plow), n. 1. Instrument for turning the 
soil. 3. Tillage. 

PLOW (plow),*>«. [pr.p. PLOW'ING 
p.t.&ndp.p. PLOWED; 
(piowd).] Turn up 
with the plow ; furrow. 
[Ice. plogr, plow.] 

PLOWABLE(plow'- 
a-bl), a. Capable 
of being plowed: 
arable. 

PLOWBOY (plow'- 
boi), n. Boy who 
drives or guides 
horses in plowing. Disk Plow. 

PLOWMAN (plow'man), n. [pi. PLOWMEN.] 
Man who plows; husbandman; rustic. 

PLOWSHARE (plow'shar), n. Part of a plow 
which cuts, lifts and turns the soil. [See 
SHEAR.] 

PLUCK (pluk), vt. [pr.p. PLUCK'ING; p.t. and 




late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, thm, kh=c& in Scotch loch, 



PLUCK 



842 



PLUPERFECT 



p.p. PLUCKED (plukt).] 1. Pull away. 2. 
Snatch. 3. Strip. [A. S. pluccian; Ger. pfliick- 
en.~\ 

PLUCK (pluk), n. 1. Heart, liver, and lungs of 
an animal, plucked out after it is killed. 2. 
Courage; spirit. 3. Act of plucking. 

PLUCKILY (pluk'i-li), adv. In a plucky manner. 

PLUCKINESS (pluk'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being plucky. 

PLUCKY (pluk'i), o. Having pluck or spirit. 

PLUG (plug), n. 1. Something used to stop a 
hole. 2. Piece of pressed tobacco. 3. High 
silk hat. (Slang.) 4. Worthless horse. (Slang.) 
[Dut. plug, peg — Ger. pflock.] 

PLUG (plug), vt. [pr.p. PLUGGING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLUGGED (plugd).] 1. Stop with a plug. 
2. Drive plugs into. 3. Cut a plug-like piece 
from; as, to plug a melon. 

PLUGGER (plug'er), ». One who helps or pro- 
motes interests. (Colloq.) 

PLU3I (plum), n. 1. Edible stone-fruit of various 
colors. 2. Tree producing it. 3. Raisin. [A.S. 
plume — L. prunum.] 

PLU3IAGE (plo'maj), n. All the feathers of a 
bird. [Fr. plume, feather.] 

PLUMB (plum), I. n. 31asS of lead or other 
material, hung on a string, to show the per- 
pendicular position. II. a. Perpendicular. 
III. adv. Perpendicularly. [Fr. plomb — L. 
plumbum, lead.] 

PLUMB (plum), vt. [pr.p. PLUMBING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLUMBED (plumd).] 1. Adjust by a 
plumb-line. 2. Make perpendicular. 3. 
Sound the depth of by a plumb-line. 4. Supply 
(a building) with plumbing. 

PLU3IBAGO (plum-ba'go), n. 1. Graphite; black 
lead. 2. [P-] Genus of plants; leadwort. [L.] 

PLUMB-BOB (plum'bob), n. A pointed metal 
weight attached to end of plumb-line. 

PLUMBER (plum'er), n. One who supplies or 
repairs plumbing. 

PLUMBING (plum'ing), n. 1. Piping and other 
apparatus for conveying water, gas, etc., 
throughout a building. 2. Business of arran- 
ging and fitting pipes for conducting water, 
gas, etc. 

PLUMB-LINE (plum'lin), n. Line attached to 
a mass of lead, or other weight to show the 
perpendicular; plummet. 

PLUMB-RULE 
(plum'rol), n. 
Narrow board 
with a straight 
line drawn along 
the middle, and 
a plumb-line. 

PLUM-CURCULIO 

(plum-kur-ku'll- Plum-curculio ( Conolrachelus 
6), n. Entom. nenuphar). 

Small hppflp nnrt , T - eft ' la rva ; center, adult ; right, adult 
ftmail Deetle antt female on plum, showing circular feeding 

Its larva that at- punctures. 

tack and infest the leaves and fruit of the 

plum tree. 




PLU31E (plom), n. Feather or tuft of feathers 
worn as an ornament. 

PLU3IE (plom), vt. [pr.p. PLU'MING;p.f. and p.p. 
PLUMED (plomd)J 1. Arrange the feathers of, 
as a bird. 2. Adorn with plumes. 3. Strip of 
feathers. 4. Boast; vaunt (used reflexively). 

PLU3IED (plomd), a. Adorned with plumes. 

PLU3IIPED (plomi-ped), a. Having feathered 
feet. [L. pluma, feather, and pes, pedis, foot.] 

PLU3IIST (plo'mist), n. Dealer in or preparer 
of feathers for plumes. 

PLU3I3IET (plum'et), n. Weight of a plumb- 
line. [Fr. plombet, dim. of plomb, lead.] 

PLU3IOSE (plo'mos), a. 1. Having feathers. 2. 
Like a feather. 

PLU3IP (plump), v. [pr.p. PLUMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLUMPED (plumpt).] I. vt. Cause to fall 
suddenly and heavily. II. vi. 1. Fall like a 
dead mass, suddenly and heavily. 2. Give all 
one's votes to one candidate where there are 
more than one to be elected. [From PLUMB.] 

PLU3IP (plump), I. adv. Falling straight down- 
ward. II. a. Downright; unqualified. 

PLU3IP (plump), a. Fat and rounded. [Dut. 
plomp, lumpish.] 

SYN. Well-conditioned; chubby; fleshy; 
brawny. ANT. Ill-conditioned; lean; lank; 
emaciated. 

PLU3IULE (plo'mul), n. 1. Downy feather. 2. 
Bud of a young plant between the cotyledons. 

PLU3IY (plo'mi), a. Covered withjffeathers or 
plumes; feathery. 

PLUNDER (plunder), vt. [pr.p. PLUNDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. PLUNDERED (plun'derd).] Seize 
the goods of by force ; take goods or property 
forcibly from; pillage; rob; ravage; despoil. 
[Ger. plundem, pillage — plunder, baggage.] 

PLUNDER (plun'der), n. 1. Act of plundering. 
2. Pillage; spoil. 3. Personal baggage or 
effects. (Colloq.) 

PLUNDERER (plun'der-er), n. One who plun- 
ders. 

PLUNGE (plunj), v. [pr.p. PLUN'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. PLUNGED (plunjd).] I. vt. 1. Cast 
suddenly into water or other fluid. 2. Force 
suddenly (into). II. vi. 1. Sink suddenly into 
any fluid; dive. 2. Rush headlong, as a horse; 
rush into danger; bet or speculate recklessly. 
[Fr. plonger (It. plombare, fall like a plumb- 
line) — L. plumbum, lead.] 

PLUNGE (plunj), n. Act of plunging. 

PLUNGER (plun'jer), n. 1. One who or that 
which plunges; diver. 2. Long solid cylinder 
used as a forcer in pumps. 3. Venturesome 
speculator. 

PLUNGING (plun'jing), I. a. Rushing head- 
long; pitching downward. II. n. 1. A putting 
or sinking under water, or other fluid. 2. Act 
of a horse trying to throw its rider. 

PLUPERFECT (plb'per-fekt), a. Gram. Noting 
that an action happened before some period 
referred to. [L. plusquam-perfectum, more 
than finished.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note noc, move, wolf; 
u=w m Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, bQra. 



PLURAL 



843 



POD-AUGER 1 



PLURAL (plo'ral), I. a. Containing or express- 
ing more than one. II. n. Gram. Form de- 
noting more than one. [Fr. — L. pluralis — 
plus, more.] 

PLURALITY (plo-ral'1-tl), n. [pi. PLURALI- 
TIES (plo-ral'i-tiz).] 1. State of being plural. 
2. Number consisting of more than one. 3. 
Majority. — Plurality of votes, excess of votes 
cast for any one of three or more candidates 
over those cast for any one of the others. 

PLURALLY (plo'ral-i), adv. In a plural way. 

PLUS (plus), I. a. 1. More by; Increased by. 
2. More than nothing. 3. Denoting more 
than nothing, as the plus sign ( + ). II. n. 
Surplus; remainder; profit. [L. plus, more.] 

PLUSH (plush), n. Variety of cloth woven like 
velvet, but having its pile (hairy surface) un- 
cropped. [Fr. peluche — L. pilus, hair.] 

PLUTO (plo'to), n. Bom. Myth. God of Infernal 
regions, brother of Jupiter and Neptune. 

PLUTOCRACY (plo-tok'ra-sl), n. [pi. PLU- 
TOCRACIES (plo-tok'ra-slz).] Government 
by the wealthy. [Gr. ploutokratia — ploutos, 
wealth, and krated, rule.] 

PLUTOCRAT (plo'to-krat), n. One who controls 
government through his wealth. 

Plutonian (pio-to'ni-an), Plutonic (pi5- 

tonik), a. 1. Infernal; dark. 2. Geol. Formed 
by heat at a depth below the surface of the 
earth. [Gr. Ploutonios — Ploutdn, Pluto.] 

PLUTUS (plO'tus), n. Greek Myth. The god of 
riches, and son of laslon and Ceres; described 
as blind and lame. 

PLUVIAL (plo'vi-al), a. Pertaining to rain; 
rainy. [L. pluvialis — pluvia, rain.] 

PLUVIOUS (pl5'vi-us), o. Rainy. [L. pluvius.] 

PLY (pli), v. [pr.p. PLY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PLIED (plld).] I. vt. 1. Work at or use stead- 
ily. 2. Urge. 3. Fold; bend. II. vi. 1. Work 
or go steadily. 2. Make regular passages be- 
tween ports. [Fr. plier — L. plico, bend.] 

PLY (pli), n. [pi. PLIES (pliz).] Web; fold; plait; 
turn. Used In comp. to denote the number 
of Interwoven webs; as, a three-ply carpet. 

PLYMOUTH (pllm'uth), n. Seaport in England, 
on Channel. 

PLYMOUTH, n. Town In Massachusetts, land- 
ing place of the "Pilgrims." 

Plymouth- 
rock (plim'- 
uth-rok), n, 
One of a pop- 
ular Ameri- 
can breed of 
poultry, the 
barred varle- 
tyofwhichls 
best known. 
The white; 
and the buff 
varieties are 
also popular. 

PNEUMATIC (nu-mat'lk), PNEUMATICAL (nu- 




Barred Plymouth-rocks. 



mat'ik-al), a« 1. Relating to air; consisting of 
air; moved by air or wind. 2. Pertaining to 
pneumatics or to machines or devices which 
make use of compressed air. [Gr. pneuma t 
wind, air — pried, blow, breathe.] 

PNEUMATICS (nu-mat'lks), n. Science which 
treats of the mechanical properties of air and 
other gases. 

PNEUMATOLOGIST (nii-ma-tol'o-Jlst), ». One 
versed in pneumatology. 

PNEUMATOLOG Y (nu-ma-tol'o-jl), n. 1. Science 
of air and other elastic fluids. 2. Doctrine of 
spiritual essences or existences. [Gr. pneuma, 
wind, air, and logos, science.] 

PNEUMOCOCCUS (nu-mo-kok'us), n. [pi. 
PNEUMOCOCCKnu-mo-kok'si) .] Micro-organ- 
ism causing pneumonia of the croupous 
type. [Gr. pneumon, lung, and COCCUS.] 

PNEUMONIA (nu-mo'ni-a), n. Inflammation 
of the lungs. [Gr. pneum6n t lung — pneuma, 
air.] 

PNEUMONIC (nu-mon'ik), a. Pertaining to the 
lungs. 

Po (po), n. River, Italy, falls Into the Adriatic. 

POACH (poch), vt. [pr.p. POACH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. POACHED (pocht).] Cook eggs, breaking 
them into boiling water. [Etym. doubtful.] 

POACH (poch), v. [pr.p. POACH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. POACHED (pocht).] I. vt. 1. Rob of 
game. 2. Intrude or encroach upon unlaw- 
fully. II. vi. Intrude on another's premises In 
order to steal game. [O. Fr. pocher, orlg. to 
pocket — poche, pouch.] 

POACHER (poch'er), n. One who poaches. 

POCK (pok), n. Small elevation of the skin con- 
taining matter, as in smallpox. [A. S. poe, 
pustule.] 

POCKET (pok'et), n. 1. Pouch or bag, attached 
to a garment. 2. Cavity In a rock containing 
gold, ore, coal, etc. [Fr. pochette, dim. of 
poche, pouch.] 

POCKET (pok'et), vt. [pr.p. POCK'ETING; p.t. 
and p.p. POCK'ETED.] 1. Put into the pocket. 
2. Take stealthily. 3. Receive or submit to 
Without resenting. 4. Aviation. Air-hole. 

POCKETBOOK (pok'et-bok), n. Small book 
or case for holding money or papers carried 
In the pocket. 

POCKETFUL (pok'et-fQl), n. [pi. POCKET- 
FULS (pok'et-folz).] As much as a pocket 
will hold. 

POCKET-KNIFE (pok'et-nif), n. [pi. POCKET- 
KNIVES (pok'et-nivz).] Knife with folding 
blade or blades, for carrying in the pocket. 

POCKMARK (pok'mark), n. Permanent mark 
or pit left by the smallpox. 

POD (pod), n. Covering of the seed of plants, 
as the pea or bean. [Allied to PAD.] 

POD (pod), vi. [pr.p. POD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
POD'DED.] Produce pods. 

POD-AUGER (pod'a-ger), n. Auger having a 
straight-grooved channel, one form of which 
is used for boring post-holes. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



m 



POEM 



844 



POKER 



POE3I (po'em), n. Composition In verse. [Gr. 
poiSma — poied, do or make.] 

POESY (po'e-si), n. 1. Art of composing poems. 
2. Poetry. 3. Posy. [Fr. poesie — L. poesis — 
Gr. poiSsis — poieo, do or make.] 

POET (po'et),n. [/em. PO'ETESS.] One skilled in 
making poetry. [L poeta — Gr. poietls — poied, 
do or make.] 

POETASTER (po'et-as-ter), n. Writer of dog- 
gerel or bad verse. [Dim. of POET.] 

POETIC (po-et'ik), POETICAL (po-et'ik-al), a. 

1. Pertaining or suitable to poetry. 2. Ex- 
pressed in poetry. 3. Marked by poetic lan- 
guage. 4. Imaginative. 

POETICALLY (po-et'ik-al-i), adv. In a poetic 
manner. 

POETRY (po'et-ri), n. 1. Art of expressing in 
melodious words the creations of feeling and 
imagination. 2. Utterance in song. 3. Metric- 
al composition. [O. Fr. poetrie.] 

POI (poi), n. Fermented food from the root of 
the taro. [Hawaiian.] 

POIGNANCY (poin'an-si), n. Quality or state 
of being poignant. 

POIGNANT (poin'ant), a. 1. Penetrating. 2. 
Pointed. [Fr.— O. Fr., sting.] 

POINSETTIA (poin-set'i-a), n. Euphorbia pul- 
cherrima, a plant with scarlet leaves and 
yellow flower; used for decoration; Mexican 
flame-leaf. [Named from Joel R. Poinsett.] 

POINT (point), I. n. 1. Sharp end. 2. Mark 
made by a sharp instrument. 3. Geom. That 
which has neither length, nor breadth, nor 
thickness. 4. Mark showing the divisions of 
a sentence. 5. Music. Dot at the right hand 
of a note, to raise its value one-half. 6. Print. 
Unit of type measurement, in U. S. = T V of a 
pica. 7. Very small space. 8. Moment of 
time. 9. Small affair. 10. Simple thing. 11. 
Single assertion. 12. Precise thing to be con- 
sidered. 13. Anything intended. 14. Exact 
place. 15. Degree. 16. That which stings, as 
the point of an epigram. 17. Lively turn of 
thought. 18. That which awakens attention. 
19. Peculiarity. 20. Unit of count in a game. 
21. Needle point lace. II. a. Made with the 
needle, said of lace. [Fr. (It. punta) — L. 
punctum — pungo, prick.] 

POINT (point), v. [pr.p. POINT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POINT 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Give a point to; sharpen. 

2. Aim. 3. Direct one's attention. 4. Punc- 
tuate, as a sentence. 5. Fill the joints of (a 
wall) with mortar and smooth them with the 
point of the trowel. II. vi. 1. Direct the finger 
towards an object. 2. Show the presence of 
game by looking, as a dog. 

POINTBLANK (point-blangk'), I. a. Aimed 

straight at the mark ; direct. II. adv. Directly. 

IFr. point-blanc, white spot (in the target).] 
POINTED (pointed), a. I. Having a sharp 

point; sharp. 2. Direct; personal. 3. Keen; 

telling. 4. ' Arch. Having arches sharply 

pointed; Gothic. 



POINTEDLY (polnt'ed-li), adv. 1 

plainly; explicitly. 3. Wittily. 
POINTER (point'er), 

which points. 3. 

Dog trained to 

point out game. 

3. Hint or secret 

information; tip. 

(Slang.) 
POINT-LACE 

(point'las),n. Any 

lace made stitch 



Expressly ; 
One who or that 




Pointer. 



by stitch with the needle; 
sometimes termed needle-point lace. 

POINTLESS (point'les), a. Having no point; 
blunt; dull; wanting keenness or smartness. 

POISE (poiz), v. [pr.p. POIS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POISED (poizd).] I. vt. Make of equal weight; 
balance. II. vi. Hang in suspense. [O. F. 
poiser — L. penso — pendo, weigh.] 

POISE (poiz), n. 1. Weight; balance; equilib- 
rium. 2. That which balances; regulating 
power. 

POISON (poi'zn), n. 1. Substance having in- 
jurious or deadly effects, as on the human 
body. 2. Anything malignant or infectious. 
[Fr. — L. potio, potion — poto, drink.] 

POISON (poi'zn), vt. [pr.p. POI'SONING; p.t. 
and p.p. POISONED (poi'znd).] 1. Infect or 
kill with poison. 2. Taint; corrupt; vitiate. 

POISONER (poi'zn-er), n. One who poisons. 

POISON-FANG (poi'zn-fang), n. Upper max- 
illary tooth of venomous snakes with channel 
through which poisonous fluid is forced. 

POISON-IVY (poi'zn-I-vi), n. Any of several 
trifoliate leaved shrubs or 
vines that are poisonous 
to the touch, commonly 
called three-leaved ivy to 
distinguish it from the 
non-poisonous five-leaved 
species. 

POISONOUS (poi'zn-us), a. 
Having the qualities of 
poison. 

Poitiers (pwa-ti-a/), ». 

Town in France. 
POKE (pok), n. Bag; pouch. 

[Ir. poc, bag.] 
POKE (pok), v. [pr.p. PO'- 

KING; p.t. and p.p. 

POKED (pokt).] I. vt. 

Thrust or push at, against, 

or into, with something 

pointed. II. vi. Grope 

plow — Gael. puc t push.] 
POKE (pok), n. 1. Act of poking; thrust; push. 

2. Dawdler. 3. Poke-bonnet. 
POKE-BONNET (pokbon-et), n. Bonnet with 

a projecting front. 
POKER (po'ker), n. Card game in which the 

players bet on the value of their hands, of 

which game there are several varieties. See 

DRAW-POKER. [Of doubtful origin.] 




Poison-ivy (Rhus 
radicans). 

»r feel. [Ir. poc, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, (Aen, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



POKER 



845 



POLICY 




POKER (po'ker), n. Iron rod for poking or 
stirring a 
fire. 

POKEWEED 
(pok'wed), 
ri. North- 
American 
plant, bear- 
in g ra- 
cemes of 
white flow- 
ers and 
dark- 
purple ber- 

doubtf 1 1 * Pokeweed (Phytolacca decandra). 

POKING (po'king), a. Drudging. 

POKY (po'ki), a. 1. Stupid; slow. 2. Cramped; 
stuffy. 3. Shabby. 

POLAND (po'land), n. For- 
merly a kingdom in N. Cen- 
tral Europe. Area 282,000 
sq. m.; now divided among 
Russia,Austria,andPrussia. 

POLANDER (po'land-er), n. 
Native or inhabitant of 
Poland; Pole. 

POLAR (polar), a. 1. Per- 
taining to, or situated near 

either of the poles of the Thaddeus Kosciusz- 
earth. 2. Pertaining to 
the magnetic poles. — Polar 
bear, large white bear of the arctic regions, 
living on seals and fish. — Polar star, the pole- 
star. 




ko, Polish patriot, 
bornl746, diedi8l7. 




Polar Bear ( Ursus maritimus). 

POLARIS (po-Ia/ris or po-la'ris), n. Pole-star. 
[L. polus, stake.] 

POLARISCOPE (pd-lar'i-skdp), n. Optical in- 
strument for exhibiting the polarization of 
light. 

POLARITY (po-lar'i-ti), n. Property in certain 
bodies by which they arrange themselves in 
certain directions, or point, as it were, to given 
poles. 



POLARIZATION (po-lar-i-za'shun), n. 1. Par- 
ticular modification, as of rays of light by the 
action of certain media or surfaces, so that 
they cannot be reflected or refracted again in 
certain directions. 2. State of having polarity. 

POLARIZE (po'lar-Jz), vt. [pr.p. POLARIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. POLARIZ D (po'lar-izd).] Give 
polarity to. 

POLARIZER (po'lar-I-zer), n. That which po- 
larizes or gives polarity. 

POLE (pol), n. 1. Extremity of that on which 
anything turns, as a pivot or axis. 2. One of 
the ends of the axis of a sphere, especially of 
the earth. 3. Physics. One of the two points 
of a body in which the attractive or repulsive 
energy is concentrated, as a magnet. — Poles of 
the heavens, or celestial poles, the two points in 
the heavens opposite to the poles of the earth. 
[Fr. — L. polus — Gr. polos — pelo, be in motion.] 

POLE (pol), n. 1. Long slender piece of wood 
or metal. 2. Instrument for measuring. 3. 
Measure of length = 5-j yards ; in square meas- 
ure 30^ square yards. 4. Tall staff or piece 
of timber erected as a telegraph pole. [A. S. 
pal (Ger. pfahl) — L. palus, stake.] 

POLE (pol), n. Native of Poland; Polande*. 

POLECAT (pol'kat), n. 
Weasel-like carnivo- 
rous mammal. 

POLEMIC (p6-lem'ik), 
POLEMICAL (po- 
lem'ik-al), a. 1. Con- 
troversial. 2. Dispu- 
tatious; quarrelsome, 
like — polemos, war.] 

POLEMIC (po-lem'ik), n. 
controversy. 

POLEMICALLY (po-lem'ik-al-i), adv. 
polemic or controversial manner. 

POLEMICS (po-lem'iks), n. 1. Art or practice 
of controversy or disputation. 2. Contro- 
versial writings. 

POLE-STAR (pol 'star), n. Bright star (Polaris) 
at or near the north pole of the heavens; 
north-star. 

POLICE (po-les'), n. 1. System of regulations 
of a city, town, or district, for the preservation 
of order and enforcement of law. 2. (Short for 
police-force), body of civil officers for preserv- 
ing order, etc. [Fr. — Gr. politeia, polity — 
polis, city.] 

POLICE (po-les'), vt. [pr.p. POLICING; p.t. and 
p.p. POLICED (po-lest).] 1. Place under a 
police system. 2. Put in an orderly and clean 
condition. 

POLICEMAN (po-les'man), n. [pi. POLICE' - 
MEN.] Member of a police-force. 

POLICY (pol'i-si), n. 1. System of official ad- 
ministration. 2. Principle of management. 
3. Prudence. [Fr. See POLICE.] 

POLICY (pol'i-si), n. [pi. POLICIES (pol'i-siz).] 

1. Writing containing a contract of insurance. 

2. Gambling game in which bets are made 




1. Disputant. 2. A 



In 



lite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, 



POLISH 



846 



POLYCHROME 



on certain numbers to be drawn. [Origin 

doubtful.] 
POLISH (po'lish), I. a. Relating to Poland or 

its people. II. n. Language of the Polanders. 
POLISH (polish), v. [pr.p. POLISHING; p.t. and 

p.p. POLISHED (pol'isht).] I. vt. 1. Make 

smooth and glossy by rubbing. 2. Refine. 

II. vi. Become smooth and glossy; take a 

polish. [Fr. polir — L. polio, polish.] 
POLISH (pol'ish), n. 1. Smooth, glossy surface. 

2. Refinement of manners. 3. Anything used 
to produce a polish. 

POLISHABLE (pol'ish-a-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing polished. 

POLISHED (pol'isht), a. 1. Made smooth and 
glossy. 2. Refined; polite. 

POLITE (po-lif), a. Well-bred; refined; cour- 
teous; obliging. [L. politus, p.p. of polio, 
polish.] 

STN. Urbane; civil; courtly. ANT. Dis- 
courteous; rude; uncouth; impolite. 

POLITELY (p6-lit'li), adv. In a polite manner. 

POLITENESS (po-lit'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being polite. 

POLITIC (pol'i-tik), a. 1. Pertaining to polity 
or government. 2. Skilled in political affairs. 

3. Prudent; discreet; sagacious. [Fr. politique 
— Gr. politikos — politSs, citizen.] 

POLITICAL (po-lit'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to 
polity or government. 2. Pertaining to na- 
tions. 3. Derived from government. 4. Per- 
taining to party politics. — Political economy, 
science of laws which govern the production, 
distribution, and consumption of products 
of exchangeable value. 

POLITICALLY (pd-lit'ik-al-i), adv. In a po- 
litical manner. 

POLITICIAN (pol-1-tish'an), n . One versed in 
or devoted to politics. 

POLITICS (pol'i-tiks), n. 1. Art or science of 
government. 2. Management of a political 
party. 3. Political affairs. 4. Party connec- 
tion or adherency. 

POLITY (pol'i-ti), n. Constitution of the govern- 
ment of a state; civil constitution. 

POLKA (pol'ka), n. 1. Dance of Bohemian 
origin. 2. Music of such a dance. [Bohem. 
pulka, half, from the half-step prevalent in it.] 

POLKA-DOT (pol'ka-dot), n. Textile-fabric 
pattern consisting of evenly distributed round 
spots or dots. 

POLL (pol), n. Familiar name, often of a parrot. 
[Contraction of Polly, a form of Molly, Mary.] 

POLL (pol) n. 1. Head. 2. Register of heads or 
persons, 3. Entry of the names of electors 
who vote for civil officers, such as members 
of Congress. 4. Election of officers. 5. Place 
where votes are taken. [O. Dut. polle, bol, 
ball, top.] 

POLL (pol), vt. [pr.p. POLL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POLLED (pold).l 1. Remove the top of: cut; 
clip; lop. 2. Enter the name of in a register. 
3. Bring to or vote at the polls. 4. Receive at 



the polls. 5. Ascertain the opinion of, as by 
taking an informal vote. 

POLLARD (pol'ard), #». 1. Tree polled or with 
its top cut off. 2. Animal that has cast or lost 
its horns. 

POLLED (p61d), a. 1. Without horns, as a cow. 
3. Lopped; cropped. 3. Bald. 

POLLEN (pol'en), n. Fertilizing powder con- 
tained in the anthers of flowers. [L., fine flour.] 

POLLER (pol'er), n. 1. One who trims trees, 
2. Voter at a poll or polls. 3. One who regis- 
ters voters. 

POLLINATION (pol-i-na'shun), n. Bot. The 
transfer of pollen to the stigma of a flower, 
especially by aid of insects or other external 
agents. 

POLLIWOG (pol'1-wog), n. Tadpole. 

POLLOCK (pol'uk), n. Sea-fish, allied to the cod. 

POLL-TAX (pol'taks), n. Tax levied per head; 
capitation tax. 

POLLUTE (pol-lot), vt. [pr.p. POLLU'TINGj 
p.t. and p.p. POLLU'TED.] 1. Make foul or 
unclean; taint; defile; soil. 2. Corrupt or de- 
stroy the moral purity of. [L. pollutus, p.p. of 
polluo, defile — pol-, toward, and luo, wash.] 
SYN. Contaminate; taint; vitiate; de- 
prave; debauch. 

POLLUTION (pol-16'shun), n. Act of polluting 
or state of being polluted. 

POLLUX (pol'uks), n. Greek Myth. Twin 
brother of Castor, and son of Zeus and Leda. 

POLO (po'lo), it. Ball game on horseback or 
on skates. 

POLONAISE (po-lo-naz'), 
n. 1. Woman's garment 
consisting of waist and 
overskirt in one piece. 
2. Stately Polish dance. 
[Fr.] 

POLONIUM(p6-16'ni-um), 
n. Unisolated element 
found by Mme. Curie in 1898 in uraninite, pos- 
sessing power of emitting Becquerel-rays. 
[From Poland, the discoverer's native coun- 
try.] 

POLTROON (pol-tronO, n. 1. Idle, lazy fellow. 
2. Coward. [Fr. poltron — It. poltro, bed — Ger. 
polster, bolster.] 

POLTROONERY (pol-tron'er-i), n. Want of 
spirit; cowardice. 

POLY-, prefix. Denotes 
multitude or multiplica- 
tion. [Gr. polys, much.] 

POLYANDRY (pol-i-an'- 
dri), n. State of having 
more husbands than 
one. [Gr. polys, many, 
and aner, andros, man.] 

POLYANTHUS (pol-i-an'- 
thus), n. Bot. English 
variety of primrose. 

POLYCHROME (pol'i-krom), a. In many col- 
ors; done in several colors at the same time. 




Polo. 




Polyanthus {Primula 
elatior). 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buru, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tf/ten, ]&la=ch in Scotch loch. 



POLYDACTYL 



847 



POMEGRANATE 



POLYDACTYL (pol-i-dak'til), a. Having many, 
or more than the normal number of, fingers 
and toes. 

PoLYDAMAS (po-lid'a-mas), n. Greek Myth. 
Greek hero of Thessaly, famous for his won- 
derful strength. 

PoLYDORUS (pol-i-do'rus), n. Greek Myth. 
One of the sons of Priam slain by Achilles. 

POLYGAMIST (po-lig'a-mist), n. One who 
practices or advocates polygamy. 

POLYGAMOUS (po-lig'a-mus), a. Practicing 
or supporting polygamy. 

POLYGA31Y (po-lig'a-mi), n. State of having 
more than one wife at the same time. [Gr. 
polys, many, and gamos, marriage. Cf. BIG- 
AMY.] 

POLYGLOT (pol'i-glot), I. a. Having or con- 
taining many languages. II. n. Book in 
several languages. [Gr. polys, many and 
glotta, tongue, language.] 

POLYGON (pol'i-gon), n. Figure of many angles 
or with more than four. [Gr. polys, many, 
and gonia, corner.] 

POLYGONAL (po-lig'o-nal), POLYGONOUS (pd- 
lig'o-nus), a. Having the form of a polygon. 

POLYGRAPH (pol'i-graf), n. 1. Gelatine copy- 
ing-pad; instrument for multiplying writing. 
2. Collection in one volume of different works, 
either by different authors or on different sub- 
jects. [POLY- and -GRAPH.] 

POLYHEDRAL (pol-i-he'dral), a. Having many 
sides, as a solid body. 

POLYHEDRON (pol-i-he'dron), n. Solid body 
with many bases or sides. [Gr. polys, many, 
and hedra, base.] 

Polyhymnia (poi-i-himni-a), polymnia 

(pol-im'ni-a), n. Greek Myth. One of the 
nine Muses, goddess of inspired hymnal music, 
to whom is attributed the invention of the lyre. 

POLYNESIA (pol-i-nes'sha), n. Groups of Is- 
lands the largest of which are New Zealand 
and the Hawaiian Islands, east of the Phil- 
lippines and Australia in the Pacific Ocean. 

POLYNESIAN (pol-i-ne'shan), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to Polynesia. II. n. Native of Poly- 
nesia. 

POLYNICES (pol-i-ni'sez), n. Greek Myth. Son 
of QSdipus and Jocaste who was driven from 
Thebes by his brother Eteocles, and whose 
banishment was the cause of the "Seven 
against Thebes." 

POLYNOMIAL (pol-i-no'mi-al), o. Containing 
many names or terms. 

POLYP, POLYPE (pol'ip), POLYPUS (poli-pus), 
n. [pi. POLYPS, POLYPES (pol'ips), POLIPI 
(pol'i-p!).] 1. Aquatic animal of the radiate 
kind, with many arms. 2. Tumor growing 
in the nose, etc. [Gr. polys, many, and pons, 
foot.] 

POLYPHASE (poli-faz), a. Elec. Having more 
than one current, differing in phase, arising 
from different parts of the armature of the 
same alternator, each current supplying a 




separate wire or circuit, and lagging behind 
each other by definite intervals of time. 

POLYPHEMUS (pol-i-fe'mus), n. Greek Myth. 
One-eyed giant Cyclops, deprived of his eye- 
sight by Odysseus in retaliation for the latter's 
having been imprisoned in the giant's cave. 

POLYPHONIC (pol-i-fon'ik), a. Having or con- 
sisting of many voices or sounds. [Gr. polys, 
many, and phone, sound.] 

PoLYPODIUM (pol-i-po'di-um), n. The com- 
monest genus of the 
ferns, though only nine 
of its four hundred odd 
species are found in^ 
North America. The poly- 
podia are of the suborder 
Polypodiacece and tribe 
Polypodiae. 

POLYPOUS (pol'i-pus), a. 
Of or like a polyp. 

POLYPUS (pol'i-pus), «. 
Same as POLYP. 

POLYSYLLABIC (pol-i-sil- Polypodrum. 

lab'ik), a. 1. Having several syllables, es- 
pecially more than three. 2. Pertaining to a 
polysyllable. 

POLYSYLLABLE (pol-i-sil'a-bl), n. Word of 
many or more than three syllables. 

POLYTECHNIC (pol-i-tek'nik), I. a. Compre- 
hending many arts. II. n. Technical school. 
[Gr. polys, many, and techne, art.] 

POLYTHEISM (poli-the-izm), n. Belief in 
many gods. [Gr. polys, many, and theos, god.] 

POLYTHEIST (poli-the-ist), n. Believer In 
many gods. 

POLYTHEISTIC (pol-i-the-is'tik), a. 1. Of the 
nature of polytheism. 2. Advocating or be- 
lieving in polytheism. 

POMACE (pum'as), n. 1. Substance of crushed 
apples or similar fruit. 2. Refuse of fish, from 
which the oil has been extracted, used as 
fertilizer. [L.L. pomacium — L. pomum, fruit.] 

POMADE (po-madO, POMATUM (po-matum), 
n. Perfumed ointment for dressing hair. (Orig. 
made from apples.) [Fr. — L. pomum, apple.] 

POMEGRANATE (pum'gran-at), n. Tree (Pun- 
ica granatum) bearing fruit like oranges, pulp 




Pomegranate. 

consisting of grains; also its fruit, 
apple, and granum, grain.] 



[L. pomum 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



POMMEL 



848 



POOL 




POMMEL, PUMMEL (pum'el), n. 1. Ball; knob 
on a sword hilt. 2. High part of a saddle bow. 
[O. Fr. pomel — L. pomum, apple.] 

POMMEL (pum'el), vt. [pr.p. POM'MELING; 
p.t. and p.p. POMMELED (pum'eld).] Beat 
with anything thick or heavy; bruise. 

POMOLOGY (po-mol'o-Ji), n. Science of fruits 
and fruit culture. [L. pomum, fruit, and Gr. 
logos, science.] 

POMONA (po-mo'na), n. Bom. Myth. Goddess 
of fruit-trees. 

POMP (pomp), n. 1. Pageantry. 2. Ostentation. 
[Gr. pompS — pemp6, send.] 

POMPADOUR (pom 'pa-dor), n. 1. A mode of 
dressing the hair. 2. Style of dress cut square 
and low. [From Marquise de Pompadour, of 
France.] 

POMPANO (pom-pa'no), n. Fine sea food-flsh, 
about eighteen 
inches long. [Sp.] 

POMPEIAN (pom- 
pa'an), a. Rela- 
ting to Pompeii in 
Italy. — Pompeian 
red, dark Vene- 
tian red. 

Pompeii (pom- 

pa/ye), n. Ancient Pompano (Psenes edwardsii) . 
city at foot of Mt. Vesuvius, Italy. Buried 
under ashes in A. D. 79. 

POMPOM (pom'pom), n. A Mar.im type of gun 
so called from the sound made by its discharge. 

POMPON (pom'pon or pang-pang'), n. 1. Tuft 
of feathers or ribbons in millinery. 2. Mil. 
Colored woolen ball worn on the front of the hat. 

POMPOSITY (pom-pos'i-ti), n. Same as POM- 
POUSNESS. 

POMPOUS (pom'pus), a. 1. Displaying pomp 
or grandeur. 2. Dignified. 3. Boastful. 

SYN. Superb; grand; ostentatious; gran- 
diloquent; swelling; bombastic; inflated; 
pretentious; magisterial. ANT. Unpretend- 
ing; modest; unassuming.] 

POMPOUSLY (pom'pus-li), adv. In a pompous 
manner. 

POMPOUSNESS (pom'pus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being pompous. 

PONCHO (poncho), n. Blanket with a silt in 
the center. [Sp. American.] 

POND (pond), n. Small body of standing water. 
[A. S. pyndan, shut.] 

PONDER (pon'der), v. [pr.p. PON'DERING; 
p.t. and p.p. PONDERED (pon'derd).] I. vt , 
Weigh in the mind. II. vi. meditate. [L. 
pondus, weight.] 

PONDERABILITY (pon-der-a-bil'i-ti), w . State 
or quality of being ponderable; ponderableness. 

PONDERABLE (pon'der-a-bl), a. Having sensi- 
ble weight. 

PONDERABLENESS (pon'dSr-a-bl-nes), n. Pon- 
derability. 

PONDEROSITY (pon-dSr-os'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being ponderous; weight; heaviness. 



PONDEROUS (pon'der^us), a. 1. Weighty; 
massive. 2. Forcible; Important. 3. Heavy; 
dull; wanting in lightness or spirit. 

PONDEROUSLY (pon'der-us-li), adv. In a pon- 
derous manner. 

PONDEROUSNESS (pon'der-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being ponderous; ponderosity. 

POND-LILY (pond'lil-i), n. Plant of the aquatic 
genus Nymphma; water-lily. 

PONE (pon), n. 1. Cornbread. 2. Loaf. 

PONGEE (pon-je'), n. Kind of wash-silk from 
China. [Chin, pun chih, homemade.] 

PONIARD (pon'yard), n. Small dagger for 
stabbing. [Fr. poignard — poing, fist.] 

PONTIFF (pon'tif), n. 1. Roman high-priest. 
2. Pope. [L. pontifex — pons, bridge, and 
facio, make.] 

PONTIFIC (pon-tif'lk), PONTIFICAL (pon-tlf- 
lk-al), I. a. Of or belonging to a pontiff or the 
Pope. II. n. Book of ecclesiastical ceremonies. 
[Fr. — L. pontlficalls.] 

PONTIFICALS (pon-tif'ik-alz), n.pl. Dress, 
insignia, etc., of a pontiff. 

PONTIFICATE (pon-tif'i-kat), n. 1. Dignity 
of a pontiff or high-priest. 2. Office and 
dignity or reign of a Pope. [Fr. — L.L. pontifi- 
catus.] 

PONTOON (pon-t5n'), n. 1. Portable floating 
vessel used in forming a bridge for the passage 
of an army. 2. Bridge of boats. [Fr. ponton — 
L. pons, bridge.] 

PONY (po'ni), n. [pi. PONIES (po'niz).] 1. Small 
horse. 2. Student's 
key to translation of 
lessons. (College 
Slang.) 3. Small glass 
of any beverage. 4. 
Anything small of its 
kind. [Gael, ponaidh.] 

POOD(pgd),w. Russian 
measure of weight, 
equal to forty Russian 
pounds or thirty-six pounds avoirdupois. [Russ. 
puda.] 

POODLE (po'dl), n. One of a breed of dogs with 
long curly hair and pendant ears, remarka- 
ble for its sagacity and affection. [Ger. pudel.\ 

POOH (p»), interj. Expressive of disdain. 

POOH-POOH (po'p6), vt. [pr.p. POOH'POOHING; 
p.t. and p.p. POOHPOOHED (p5'p»d).] Ex- 
press contempt for or derision at. 

POOL (pol), n. Stakes, or the receptacle for 
them in certain games. 2. Variety of game 
of billiards. 3. Combination of interests to 
control market rates or trade, and share prof- 
Its. 4. Joint gambling enterprise. 5. Joint 
stake in such enterprise. [Fr. poule, hen (the 
stakes being compared to eggs in a nest).] 

POOL (pol), v. [pr.p. POOL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POOLED (paid).] I. vt. Put into a common 
fund for redistribution. II. vi. Form a pool. 

POOL (p81), n. 1. Small shallow body of water. 
2. Collection of water or other liquid. 3. 




Shetland Pony. 



£ate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



POOP 



849 



PORCH 



Place in a stream deeper than the ordinary 
bed. [A. S. pol — Celt., as Ir. and Gael, poll, 
Wei. pwll,] 

POOP (pdp), n. Hinder part of a ship; deck 
above the ordinary deck In the after-part of a 
ship. [Fr. poupe — L. puppis, poop.] 

POOR (por), o. 1. Without means. 2. Wanting, 
as in appearance, spirit, strength, value, 
fertility, fitness, or the like. 3. Humble. 4. 
Deserving pity. [O. Fr. poure (Fr. pauvre) — 
L. pauper.] 

SYN. Destitute; indigent; depressed; un- 
favorable; needy; shabby; meek. ANT. 
Rich; wealthy; affluent. 

POORHOUSE (por'hows), n. Public dwelling 
for paupers. 

POOR-LAWS (por'laz), n.pl. Laws relating to 
the support of the poor. 

POORLINESS (p5r'll-nes), #». Quality or state 
of being poorly. 

POORLY (por'H), I. a. Somewhat ill; indis- 
posed. II. adv. 1. With little success. 2. 
Imperfectly; badly. 3. Meanly; shabbily; 
in poverty. 

POORNESS (por'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being poor. 

POP (pop), v. [pr.p. POP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

I POPPED (popt).] I. vi. 1. Make a sharp, 
quick sound. 2. Dart; move quickly. II. 
vt. 1. Thrust suddenly. 2. Bring suddenly to 
notice. 3. Cause to explode with a sharp 
report. — Pop in, make a brief informal call. — 
Pop off, die. — Pop the question, make an offer 
of marriage. [Imitative.] 

POP (pop), n. 1. Sharp, quick sound or report. 
2. Beverage that issues from the bottle con- 
taining it with a pop or slight explosion; as, 
soda pop, ginger pop, etc. 

POP (pop), I. a. Coming without warning; 
informal. II. adv. Suddenly; unexpectedly. 

POP-CORN (pop'karn), n. Indian corn of a 
peculiar variety, having a very small grain, 
and specially adapted for popping. 

POPE (pop), n. I. Bishop of Rome, head of 
the Roman Catholic Church called successor 
of St. Peter, vicar of Christ and teacher of all 
the faithful. 2. [p-] Priest In the Greek Church. 
[A. S. pdpa — L.L. papa, father.] 

POPEDOM (pop'dum), n. Office, dignity, or 
jurisdiction of the Pope. 

POPGUN (pop'gun), n. Toy gun for shooting 
pellets, which makes a popping noise by the 
expansion of compressed air. 

POPINJAY (pop'ln-ja), n. 1. Parrot. 2. Mark, 
in the shape of a parrot, put on a pole 
to be shot at. 3. Fop or coxcomb. [Fr. 
papegai — root pap t chatter, and gau — L. 
gallus, cock.] 

POPLAR (pop'lar), n. Tree common in the 
northern hemisphere, of rapid growth, and 
soft wood. lO. Fr. poplier — L. populus.] 

POPLIN (pop'lin), n. Fabric made of silk and 
worsted. [Fr. popeline. Etym. doubtful.] 




Poppy (Papaver rhaeas). 



Popocatepetl (p6-po-ka-ta-pet'i), n. Active 

volcano, Mexico. Altitude 17,784 ft. 
POPPER (pop'er),n. 1. Utensil for popping corn. 

2. Anything that makes a popping sound. 
POPPET (pop'et), n. 1. One of the heads of a 

lathe. 2. Naut. Piece of timber used to sup- 
port a vessel while being launched. 
POPPY (pop'i), n. [pi. POPPIES (pop'lz).] Plant 

having large showy 

flowers from one 

species of which 

opium is obtained. 

[A.S. popig — L. pa- 
paver.] 
POPULACE (pop'u- 

las), n. Common 

people. [Fr. — It. po- 

polazzo — L. popw 

IU8.] 

POPULAR (popu- 
lar), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to the people. 
2. Pleasing to, or 
prevailing among, 
the people or many 
people. [L. popw 
laris — populus . ] 

POPULARITY (pop- 
u-lar'i-tl), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being 
popular. 

POPULARIZE (pop'u-lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. POPU- 
LARIZING; p.t. anil p.p. POPULARIZED 
(pop'u-lar-izd).] Make popular or acceptable 
to the people. 

POPULARLY (pop'u-lar-li), adv. 1. In a popu- 
lar manner; so as to please the crowd. 2. 
Among the people at large; generally. 

POPULATE (popu-lat), vt. [pr.p. POPULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. POPULATED.] People; 
furnish with inhabitants. [L. populo.] 

POPULATION (pop-u-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
populating. 2. Inhabitants of any place. 

POPULISM (pop'u-lizm), n. The doctrines of the 
People's or Populist party, a political organiza- 
tion founded in the United States in 1892, 
which advocated a larger currency, public 
ownership of railroads, and other reforms. 

POPULIST (pop'u-list), I. o. Of or pertaining 
to the Populist party. II. n. Member of the 
Populist party. 

POPULOUS (pop'u-lus), a. Numerously in- 
habited. 

PORCELAIN (pars'lan), n. Fine kind of earthen- 
ware, white, thin, and semi-transparent. [Fr. 
porcelaine — It. porcellana, the transparent 
Venus' shell — L. porcella, a young sow (which 
the shell was thought to resemble in form), 
dim. of porcus, pig.] 

PORCH (porch), n. 1. Covered way or entrance. 
2. Portico, at the entrance of churches and 
other buildings. 3. Veranda. [Fr. porche 
(It. portico) — L. porticus — porta, gate.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, btirri, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, k-h=c& in Scotch loch. 



PORCINE 



850 



PORT ARTHUR 



PORCINE (par'sin), a. Pertaining to or like 
swine. [L. porcinus — porcus, hog.] 

PORCUPINE (par'ku-pin), n. Rodent quad- 
ruped, covered with spines or quills. [O. Fr. 
pore espin — L. porcus, pig, and spina, spine.] 




Porcupine (Hystrix cristata). 

PORCUPINE-CRAB (par'ku-pin-krab), n. Spe- 
cies of Japanese crab (Lithodes hystrix), with 
spiny carapace and limbs. 

PORCUPINE-FISH (par'ku-pln-fish), n. Globe 
fish of the genus Diodon, found in tropical seas. 

PORE (por), w. 1. Minute orifice in the skin for 
the perspiration. 2. Opening between the 
molecules of a body. [Gr. poros.] 

PORE (por), vi. [pr.p. jm,lwm 1 1 lllillil ID) 

POR'ING; p.t. and p.p. = 
PORED (pord).] Look 
with steady attention 
on; study closely. [L. 
Ger. purren, dig.] 

PORER (po'rer), n. One 
who pores. 

PORGY (par'gi), n. Sea- 
fish of many kinds. 

PORHYDRO METER. 
(por-hi-drom'e-ter), n. 
Mechanical device for 
weighing a ship's cargo 
and registering such 
weight while cargo is 
in the hold of the ves- 
sel. 

PORK (pork), w. 
Flesh of swine. 
[Fr. pore — "L. por- 
cus, hog.] 

PORK-BARREL 
(pork'bar-el), n. 
Unnecessary leg- 
islative appropri- 




Porhydrometer. 




Recording Instrument of the 
Porhydrometer. 



ation, ostensibly for the general welfare, but 
really for the purpose of increasing the local 
popularity of the legislators. (Slang.) 

PORK-CHOP (pork'chop), n. Slice from the 
ribs of a pig. 

PORKER (pork'er), n. Pig fed for pork. 

POROSITY (po-ros'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being porous. 

POROUS (por'us), a. Having pores. 

POROUSLY (por'us-li), adv. In a porous man- 
ner. 

POROUSNESS (por'us-nes), n. Porosity. 

PORPHYRY (par'fi-ri), n. Very hard, variegated 




Porpoise (Phoccea phoccena). 



rock of a purple and white color, used in sculp- 
ture. [Gr. porphyrites — porphyra, purple.] 

PORPOISE (par'pus), n. Gregarious kind of 
cetacean of the ge- 
nus Phocama com- 
mon in the North 
Atlantic, from four 
to eight feet long, 
caught for its oil 
and flesh. [O. Fr. 
porpois — L. porcus 
hog, and piscis, 
fish.] 

PORRIDGE (por'ij), 
n. 1. Food made 

by slowly stirring oatmeal into boiling water. 
2. Kind of soup made by boiling a vegetable 
to a pulp. [M. E. porree (Fr. puree) — L.L. 
porrata, broth made with leeks — L. porrum, 
- leek. The affix -idge (=age) arose through 
confusion with POTTAGE.] 

PORRINGER (por'in-jer), n. Small vessel made 
of earthenware or metal for holding porridge 
or similar food. [From PORRIDGE.] 

PORT (port), n. Bearing; demeanor; carriage of 
the body. [Fr. port — porter — L. porto, carry.] 

PORT (port), vt. [pr.p. PORTING; p.t. and p.p. 
PORTED.] Mil. Carry, as a rifle, in a slanting 
direction upward across the body. 

PORT (port), Naut. I. n. Left side of a vessel 
to a person standing on deck and facing to- 
wards the bow; larboard. II. a. Toward the 
port; on the port or left side. [Etym. doubtful.] 

PORT (port), v. [pr.p. PORTING; p.t. and p.p. 
PORTED.] I. vt. Turn to the port or lar- 
board side. II. vi. Go toward the port side, 
said of a ship. 

PORT (port), n. Harbor; haven or safe station 
for vessels. [A. S. — L. portus; akin to porta, 
gate.] 

PORT (port), n. 1. Gate or entrance, 
hole; lid of a porthole. [Fr. porte- 
gate.] 

PORT (port), n. Dark-purple wine, 
city in Portugal.] 

PORTABILITY (port-a-bil'i-ti), n. Portableness. 

PORTABLE (porta-bl), a. That may be carried; 
not bulky or heavy. 

PORTABLENESS (port'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being portable. 

PORTAGE (port'aj), n. 1. Act of carrying; 
carriage. 2. Price of carriage. 3. Place where 
boats, etc., must be carried overland from one 
navigable water to another. 

PORTAL (por'tal), n. 1. Entrance. 2. Arch. 
Arch over a gate. [O. Fr. (Fr. portail) — L.L. 
portale, porch.] ^ ^ 

PORTAMENTO (pdr-ta- 
men'to), n. Music. Gli- 
ding from tone to tone. [It.] 

Port Arthur. Naval 

station, Manchuria. Ceded 

to Russia in 1898 ; surrendered to Japan in 1905. 



2. Port- 
-L. porta, 

[ Oporto, 



JT 


4 


» 




/_ 


J 






f?S m 


/ 






V\) m 


^ 






J 

Porta 


mentc 


). 





fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, ^en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PORT-AU-PRINCE 



851 



POSE 



Port-au-Prince (pdrt-o-prangs'), n. cap- 
ital of Haiti, on W. coast of the island. 

PORT-CRAYON (port-kra'un), n. Metallic 
handle for holding a crayon. 

PORTCULLIS (port-kul'is), n. Sliding door of 

" cross timbers pointed with iron, hung over 

a gateway, so as to be let down in a moment 

to keep out an enemy. [Pr. portecoulisse — 

porte, gate, and L. L. colo, slide.] 

PORTE (port), n. Turkish government, so called 
from the Sublime Porte (high gate) of the 
imperial palace, where justice was formerly 
administered; used with the definite article. 

PORTE-COCHERE (port-ko-shar')» w. Porch 
over a driveway at a door. [Fr.] 

PORTEMONNAIE(p6rt'mun-na),n.Pocketbook. 
[Fr.] 

PORTEND (par-tend' or par'tend), vt. [pr.p. 
PORTENDING; p. t. and p.p. PORTENDED.] 
Indicate, as the future, by signs. [L. pro, forth, 
and tendo, stretch.] 

SYN. Augur; omen; betoken; presage. 
ANT. Preclude; forefend; avert. 

PORTENT ( par-tent' or par 'tent), n. That which 
portends or foreshows; omen. 

PORTENTOUS (par-tent' us), a. 1. Serving to 
portend; ominous. 2. Prodigious. 

PORTER (por'ter), n. [fern. PORTRESS or 
POR'TERESS.] One who waits at the door to 
receive messages, etc.; door-keeper. [O. Fr. 
portier — L.L. portarius — L. porta, gate.] 

PORTER (por'ter), n. 1. One who carries bag- 
gage, etc., for, or waits on, travelers. 2. Dark- 
brown malt liquor. [O. Fr. porteur — L. potto, 
carry.] 

PORTERESS (pdr'ter-es), n. Female porter; 
portress. 

PORTER-HOUSE (por'ter-hows), n. Chop- 
house ; restaurant. — Porter-house steak, choice 
cut of beefsteak next to the sirloin. 

PORTFOLIO (port-fo'li-6), n. [pi. PORTFO- 
LIOS (port-fo'li-oz).] 1. Portable case for 
keeping loose papers, drawings, etc. 2. Col- 
lection of such papers. 3. Office of a minister 
of state. [L. porto, carry, and folium, sheet of 
paper.] 

PORTHOLE (port'hol), 
n. Hole or opening in 
a ship's side for light 
and air, or for pointing 
a gun. 

PORTICO (por'ti-ko), ». 
[pi. PORTICOES or 
PORTICOS ( por'ti-ko z) .] 
Arch. Originally a col- 
onnade or covered 
ambulatory ; now, a 
covered space, inclosed 
by columns, at the en- 
entrance of a building. 
[It. — L. porticus.] 

PORTICOED (por'ti-kod), 
portico. 




Portico. 



Furnished with a 



PORTIERE (p6r-tyar'),w. Curtain for a doorway. 

[Fr.] 
PORTION (por'shun), n. 1. Part. 2. Part 

allotted. 3. Part of an estate descending to 

an heir. 4. Wife's fortune. 5. Fate; destiny. 

[Fr. — L. portio, portionis, portion.] 
PORTION (por'shun), vt. [pr.p. POR'TIONING; 

p.t. and p.p. PORTIONED (por'shund).] 1. 

Divide into portions. 2. Allot a share of. 3. 

Furnish with a portion. 
PORTLAND (port'land), w. City and seaport in 

Maine. 
PORTLAND, n. City and seaport In Oregon. 
PORTLINESS (port'li-nes), w. Quality or state 

of being portly. 
PORTLY (port'li), a. Having a dignified bearing 

or mien; corpulent. [See PORT, bearing.] 
PORTMANTEAU (port-man'to), n. Bag for 

carrying apparel, etc., on journeys. [Fr. — 

porter, carry, and manteau, cloak.] 
PORTO RlCO (por'to re'ko). Island, W. 

Indies, ceded to U. S. by Spain 1898. 
PORTRAIT (por'trat), n. 1. Likeness of a per- 
son. 2. Description in words. [See PORTRAY.] 
PORTRAITURE (por'tra-tur), n. Painting or 

drawing of portraits, or describing in words. 
PORTRAY (pdr-tra'), vt. [pr.p. PORTRAYING; 

p.t. and p.p. PORTRAYED (por-trad').] 1. 

Paint or draw the likeness of. 2. Describe in 

words. [Fr. portraire — L. pro, forth, and 

traho, draw.] 
PORTRAYER (poi-tra'er), n. One who por- 
trays. 
PORT SAID (port sa-ed'). Town in Egypt, at 

N. entrance to Suez canal. 
PoRTS3!OUTH (ports'muth), n. Seaport in 

England, on Channel. 
PORTUGAL (por'tu-gal), n. Country in Europe, 

W. of Spain ; formerly a kingdom, but became a 

republic October 3, 1910. 

Portuguese (por-chu-gez'), 

pi. 1. Native or people 
of Portugal. 2. Language 
of the inhabitants of Por- 
tugal. 

PORTULACA (pdr-tu-la'ka), 
n. 1. Genus of tropical 
exogenous plants, shrub- 
by or herbaceous, gen- 
erally succulent, mostly 
growing in dry places. 2. 
[p-] Plant or flower of this 
genus. [L., purslane.] 

POSE (poz), w. Position; 
attitude. [Fr. pose, place 
— L. pausa, pause.] 

POSE (poz), v. [pr.p. PO'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
POSED (pozd).] I. vt. 1. Place in a pose. 2. 
Lay down as, a position or principle; affirm. 
II. vi. Assume an attitude. 

POSE (poz), vt. [pr.p. PO'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
POSED (pozd).] Perplex by questions; puzzle. 
[Corrup. of OPPOSE.] 



sing, and 




Fernando Magel- 
lan, Portuguese 
navigator. Born 
1470 — died 1521. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



POSEIDON 



852 



POST-DILUVIAL 



POSEIDON (po-si'don), n. Greek Myth. Brother 
of Zeus, lord of the sea; son of Cronos and 
Rhea; identified with the Roman Neptune. 

PoSEN (po'zen), n. City in Prussia, capital of 
Posen province. 

POSER (po'zer), n. Puzzling question or prop- 
osition. 

POSER (po'zgr), n. 1. One who poses persons 
for portraits or photographs 2. One who 
assumes poses or attitudes. 

POSIT (poz'it), vt. [pr.p. POSITING; p.t. and 
p.p. POS'ITED.] 1. Place in right position or 
relation. 2. Lay down as something true or 
granted. [L. positus, p.p. of pono, place.] 

POSITION (po-zish'un), n. 1. Place; situation. 
2. Attitude. 3. Ground taken in argument, 
or a dispute; principle laid down. 4. Stand- 
ing; social rank. [Fr. — L. pono, positus, place.] 

POSITIVE (poz'i-tiv), I. a. 1. Clearly expressed. 

2. Actual. 3. Not admitting any doubt or 
qualification; decisive. 4. Confident; certain. 
5. Gram. Noting the simple form of an ad- 
jective. 6. Math. To be added. 7. Photog. 
Showing the same shadows and lights as the 
original. 8. Electro-positive. 9. Chem. 
Basic ; metallic ; not acid. II. n. That which 
may be affirmed; reality. [Fr. — L. positivus, 
fixed by agreement, from pono, place.] 

POSITIVELY (pozi-tiv-li), adv. 1. In a positive 
manner. 2. With full confidence or assurance. 

3. Beyond question; actually. 4. With posi- 
tive electricity. 

POSITIVENESS (poz'i-tiv-nes), n. 1. Full con- 
fidence or assurance. 2. Actualness. 

POSITIVISM (poz'i-tiv-izm), n. System of phil- 
osophy originated by Comte, a French philos- 
opher (1798-1857), which, rejecting unverifi- 
able abstractions as causes, deals only with 
what is positive, seeking truly to describe 
phenomena. 

POSITIVIST (poz'1-tiv-ist), n. Believer in posi- 
tivism. 

POSSE (pos'se), n. 1. Posse comitatus. 2. Crowd; 
squad. [L., lit., be able.] 

POSSE COMITATUS (pos'se kom-i-ta'tus). Body 
of citizens of a county summoned by the 
sheriff to aid him In the execution of the law. 
[L., power of the county.] 

POSSESS (poz-zes'), vt. [pr.p. POSSESSING; p.t. 
and p.p. POSSESSED (poz-zest').] 1. Have or 
hold as an owner. 2. Have the control of. 3. 
Put in possession. 4. Seize. 5. Enter into and 
influence. [L. possideo, possessus.] 

POSSESSED (poz-zest'), a. Influenced by some 
evil spirit; demented. 

POSSESSION (poz-zesh'un), n. 1. Act of pos- 
sessing. 2. Thing possessed; property. 3. 
State of being possessed, as by an evil spirit. 

POSSESSIVE (poz-zes'iv), I. a. Pertaining to or 
denoting possession. II. n. 1. Possessive 
case; noun in the possessive case. 2. Pro- 
nominal adjective indicating the possessor, 
as my, mine. 



POSSESSIVELY (poz-zes'iv-li), adv. In a man- 
ner denoting possession. 

POSSESSOR (poz-zes'ur), n. One who possesses) 
owner; occupant. 

POSSESSORY (poz-zes'6-rl), a. Relating to 
possession; having possession. 

POSSET {pos'et), n. Hot milk curdled with wine 
or acid. [Wei. posel, curdled milk.] 

POSSIBILITY (pos-i-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. POSSIBIL- 
ITIES (pos-i-bili-tiz).] 1. State of being 
possible. 2. That which is possible; con- 
tingency; contingent interest. 

POSSIBLE (pos'i-bl), a. That is able to be or 
happen; that may be done; not contrary to the 
nature of things. [L. possibilis — possum, 
am able.] 

SYN. Practicable; feasible. ANT. Impos- 
sible; impracticable. 

POSSIBLY (pos'i-bli), adv. 1. By any possible 
means. 2. Perchance; perhaps. 

POSSUM. Same as OPOSSUM. 

POST-, prefix. After; behind. [L. post, after.] 

POST (post), n. Piece of timber used in an 
upright position, generally as a support to 
something else; pillar. [A. S. post — L. postis, 
doorpost — pono, place.] 

POST (post), vt. [pr.p. POST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POST'ED.] 1. Fix on or to a post, or in any 
conspicuous position, in a public place. 2. 
Expose to public reproach; stigmatize; placard. 

POST (post), n. 1. Fixed place or station, oc- 
cupied or for occupation, especially a military 
station. 2. Any position of trust, service, 
dignity, or emolument; situation; appoint- 
ment; office. 3. Post-office establishment; 
post-office; mail. 4. Courier. [Fr. poste — L. 
pono, positus, place.] 

POST (post), v. [pr.p. POST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Assign to a particular station 
position, or place. 2. Place in, or transmit by, 
post or mail. 3. Send by courier. 4. Inform 
fully. 5. Make the necessary or proper en- 
tries in; as, to post one's books. II. vi. Travel 
with post-horses, or with speed; hasten. 

POSTAGE (post'aj), n. Money paid for con- 
veyance of letters, etc., by post or mail. 

POSTAGE-STAMP (post'aj-stamp), n. Adhesive 
stamp used in payment of postage. 

POSTAL (post'al), a. Belonging to the mail 
service. 

POSTAL-CARD (post'al-kard), n. Stamped card 
on which written or printed message may be 
sent through the mails. 

POST-BOY (post'boi), n. Boy who rides post 
horses, or who carries letters. 

POST-BOX (post'boks), n. Box in which mall 
may be deposited; letter-box. 

POST-CARD (post'kard), n. Unstamped postal- 
card; card that may be stamped and mailed. 

POSTDATE (post-daf), vt. [pr.p. POSTDA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. POSTDA'TEB.] Date after the 
real time. [L. post, after, and DATE.] 

POST-DELUVIAL (post-di-15'vi-al), POST-DI- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u = w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



POST-DILUVIAN 



853 



POT-BOILER 



LUVIAN (pdst-di-16'vi-an), a. Being or hap- 
pening after the deluge. [L. post, after, and 
DILUVIAL, DILUVIAN.] 

POST-DILUVIAN (post-di-lo'vl-an), n. One 
who lives or lived after the deluge. 

POSTER (post'er), n. 1. Advertisement or 
placard, intended to be placed or posted in 
some public place. 3. One who posts bills. 

POSTERIOR (pos-te'ri-ur), a. 1. Coming after; 
later. 3. Hind or hinder; situated behind. 
[L., comp. of posterns, coming after — post, 
after.] 

POSTERIORS (pos-te'ri-urz), n.pl. Posterior 
parts. 

POSTERITY (pos-ter'i-ti), n. Those coming 
after; succeeding generations. [Fr. See POS- 
TERIOR.] 

POSTERN (pos'tSrn), I. n. Back door or gate; 
small private door. II. a. Back; private. 
[O. Fr. posterne. See POSTERIOR.] 

POSTGRADUATE (post-grad'u-at), I. a. Re- 
lating to a course of study after graduation. 
II. n. One studying after graduating. 

POSTHASTE (post-hast'), I. n. Haste in travel- 
ing. II. adv. With haste or speed. 

POSTHUMOUS (pos'tu-mus), a. 1. Born after 
the father's death. 3. Published after the 
death of the author. [L. postumus, superl. of 
posterus, coming after — post, after.] 

POSTHUMOUSLY (pos'tu-mus-li), adv. In a 
posthumous manner. 

POSTILLION (pos-til'yun), n. One who guides 
the horses drawing a vehicle, riding on one of 
them. [Fr. postilion.] 

POST-IMPRESSIONISM (post im-presh'un izm) , 
n. Recent school of painting Cezanne, Picas- 
so, etc., in revolt against the academic-con- 
ventional. Like the impressionists they lay on 
pure colors side by side for the eye to blend, but 
make more of outlines and do not despise se- 
lection and arrangement of details. 

POSTLUDE (post'lod or post'lud), n. Music. 
Organ voluntary at the close of a service. 
[POST-, and L. ludo, play.] 

POSTMAN (postman), «. [pi. POST MEN.] Let- 
ter-carrier. 

POSTMARK (post'mark) , n. Mark or stamp of a 
post-office on a letter. 

POSTMASTER (post'mas-ter), n. Official in 
charge of a post-office. 

POSTMERIDIAN (pdst-me-rid'i-an), a. In the 
afternoon. (Abbreviated P.M.) [L. post, after, 
and MERIDIAN.] 

POST-MORTEM(post-mar'tem),a. After death. 

POST-OFFICE (post'of-is), n. Office for receiv- 
ing, transmitting and delivering letters and 
other mail matter. 

POST-PAID (post'pad), a. Having the postage 
prepaid, as a letter. 

POSTPONE (post-pon'), vt. Put off to a later 
time. [L. post, after, and pono, put.] 

POSTPRANDIAL (pdst-pran'di-aU, a. After 
dinner. [L. post, after, and prandium, repast.] 



POSTSCRIPT (post'skript), n. 1. Part added to 
a letter after the signature. 2. Addition to a 
book after it is finished. (Abbreviated P. S.) 
[L. post, after, and scriptum, written.] 

POSTULATE (pos'tu-lat), vt. [pr.p. POSTULA- 
TING ; p.t. and p.p. POSTULATED.] Assume 
without proof; take for granted. [L. postulo, 
-atus, demand — posco, ask.] 

POSTULATE (pos'tu-lat), n. 1. Position as- 
sumed as self-evident. 2. Self-evident problem. 

POSTURE (pos'tur), n. 1. Bearing or position 
of the body; attitude. 2. State or condition. 
[Fr. — L. positura — pono, positum, place.] 

POSTURE (pos'tur), v. [pr.p. POSTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. POSTURED (pos'turd).] I. vt. 
Place in a particular manner. II. vi. Assume 
an affected manner. 

POSY (po'zi), n. 1. Verse of poetry; motto sent 
with a bouquet. 3. Bouquet. [From POESY.] 

POT (pot), n. 1. Vessel for various purposes, 
cooking, holding plants, or liquids, etc. 2. 
Drinking vessel. 3. Quantity in a pot. 4. 
Wicker trap for catching lobsters, etc. — Go 
to pot, go to ruin (originally said of old metal, 
which goes into the melting-pot). [A. S. pott.] 

POT (pot), vt. [pr.p. POT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
POT'TED.] 1. Preserve in pots. 3. Put in 
pots. 3. Cook in a pot; stew. 

POTABLE (po'ta-bl), I. a. Drinkable. II. n. 
Something drinkable. [Fr. — L. poto drink.] 

POTASH (pot'ash), n. Powerful alkali, ob- 
tained from the ashes of plants. 

POTASSA (po-tas'a), n. Potash. [N.L.] 

POTASSIUM (po-tas'i-um), n. White metallic 
base of potash, much used in making glass 
and soap, and in chemistry. [From POTASSA.] 

POTATION (po-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of drinking. 
2. Draught. 3. Beverage. [L. potatio — poto, 
-atus, drink.] 

POTATO (po-ta'to), n. [pi. POTA'TOES.] 1. 
Tuber of a plant of the nightshade family, 
almost universally cultivated for food. 3. 
The plant itself. — Sweet potato, plant of the 
morning-glory family, with edible tubers, 
native of 
the tropics. 
[Sp. patata, 
at a t a , 
sweet pota- 
to, origin- 
ally a Hay- 
tlan word.] v 




Potato. 
POT-BOILER (pot'boil-er), n. Work in art or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii-u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



POTENCY 



854 



POUND 



literature produced merely to secure the 
necessaries of life. 

POTENCY (po'ten-si), n. Quality or state of 
being potent; power. 

POTENT (po'tent), a. 1. Strong. 2. Having 
great authority or influence. [L. potens — 
potis, able.] 

SYN. Efficient; influential; mighty; effi- 
cacious; cogent; powerful; effective. ANT. 
Weak; impotent; inefficient; inoperative. 

POTENTATE (po 'ten-tat), n. One who is potent; 
prince; sovereign. [Fr. potentat — L.L. poten- 
tatus, p.p. of potento, exercise power.] 

POTENTIAL (po-ten'shal), I. a. 1. Existing in 
possibility, not in reality. 2. Gram. Expressing 
power, possibility, liberty, or obligation (by 
the use of can, may, must, should, etc.). II. n. 
Elec. The condition of a mass or electrical 
charge, by force of which it would, at that 
point, possess the power of doing work. 

POTENTIALITY (po-ten-shl-al'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being potential. 

POTENTIALLY (po-ten'shal-i), adv. In possi- 
bility, not in actuality. 

POTENTIOMETER (po-ten-shi-om'e-ter), n. 
Elec. Device used to ascertain and register 
electromotive force. 

POTENTLY (po'tent-li), adv. In a potent manner. 

POTHEAD (pot'hed), n. 1. Stupid person. 2. 
Elec. Device filled with insulating material 
placed at the top of poles where high-tension 
wires are spliced. 

POTHER (potft'er), n. Bustle ; confusion. [A 
variant of POTTER.] 

POTHER (potft'er), v. [pr.p. POTHERING; p.t. 
and p.p. POTHERED (potfc'erd).] I. vt. Per- 
plex; puzzle; tease. II. vi. Make a pother. 

POTHERB (poterb or potherb), n. Herb or 
vegetable prepared for the table by boiling. 

POTHOOK (pot'hok), n. 1. Hook on which 
pots are hung over the fire. 2. Letter formed 
like a pothook; ill-formed letter. 

POTHOUSE (pot'hows), n. Low drinking house. 

POT-HUNTING (pot'hunt-lng), n. Hunting for 
profit regardless of game laws and of sport. 

POTION (po'shun), n. Draught; liquid medi- 
cine; dose. [L. potio — poto, drink.] 

POTLATCH (pot'Iach), n. 1. Indian dance and 
feast with gifts by aspirant for chiefship. 2. 
Midsummer carnival (beginning 1911) at 
Seattle, Washington, commemorating arrival 
of first cargo of Alaskan gold. [Chinook (Am. 
Ind.) word — Nootka word potlatsh, pahtlatsh, 
gift, give.] 

POTLUCK (pot'luk), n. Whatever may chance 
to be provided for dinner. 

POTOMAC (po-to'mak), n. River, between 
Maryland, Virginia and W. Virginia. 

POTOSI (po-to'se),«. City in Bolivia, capital 
of Potosi province. 

POTPOURRI (po-po-re), n. 1. Stew of meat 
and vegetables. 2. Medley; miscellaneous 
collection. [Fr., trans, of Sp. olla podrida.] 



POT-ROAST (pot'rost), n. Beef cooked In a 

closed pot with very little water. 
POTSDAM (pots'dam), n. City in Prussia, near 

Berlin. 
POTSHERD (pot'sherd), n. Fragment of a pot. 

[POT and A. S. sceard, shard — sceran, divide.] 
POTTAGE (pot'aj), n. Thick soup of meat or 

vegetables. [Fr. potage.] 
POTTER (pot'er), n. One whose trade is to 

make pots or earthenware. 
POTTER (pot'er), vi. pr.p. POSTERING; p.t. 

and p.p. POTTERED (pot'erd).] Be fussily 

engaged about trifles. [Freq. of Prov. E. pote, 

push.] 
POTTERER (pot'er-er), n. One who potters. 
POTTERY (pot'er-i), n. [pi. POTTERIES.] 1. 

Place where earthenware is manufactured. 

2. Earthenware glazed and baked. 
POTTLE (pot'l), n. 1. Measure of four pints. 

2. Small basket for fruit. [Dim. of POT.] 
POUCH (powch), n. Pocket; bag. [Fr. poche.] 
POUCH (powch), vt. [pr.p. POUCHING; p.t. 

and p.p. POUCHED (powcht).] Put in a pouch. 
POUCHED (powcht), o. Having a pouch. 
POULTERER (pol'ter-er), n. One who deals in 

fowls. 
POULTICE (pol'tls), w. Soft composition of 

meal, bran, etc., applied to sores; cataplasm. 

[L. pultes, pi. of puis, pap, porridge.] 
POULTICE (pol'tls), vt. [pr.p. POUL'TICING; 

p.t. and p.p. POULTICED (pol'tlst).] Dress 

with a poultice. 
POULTRY (pol'tri), n. Domestic fowls. [O. Fr. 

pouleterie — 

p o u I e t , 

fowl.] 
POUNCE 

(p o w n s ), 

vi. [pr.p. 

P O U N ' - 

CING; p.t. 

and p.p. 

POUNCED 

(pownst).] 

Fall (upon) 

and seize 

with the claw; 

blet of PUNCH.] 
POUNCE (powns), n. 

seize. 
POUNCE (powns), n. 1. Fine powder for pre- 
paring a surface for writing on. 2. Colored 

powder sprinkled over holes pricked in paper 

as a pattern. [Fr. ponce, pumice — -L. pumex.] 
POUND (pownd), n. 1. Weight of 12 oz. troy, 

or 16 oz. avoirdupois. 2. English sovereign; 

pound sterling, or 20 shillings, equal to about 

$4.86. [A.S. pund — L. pondo, by weight — 

pendo, weigh.] 
POUND (pownd), vt. [pr.p. POUND'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. POUND'ED.] Shut up or confine, as 

strayed animals are confined. [A. S. pund, in- 

closure.] 




Brahma Poultry. 
dart suddenly (upon). [Dou- 

The act of swooping to 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, te.h.=ch in Scotch l®ch. 



POUND 



855 



PRACTICED 



POUND (pownd), n. An inclosure for stray 
animals. 

POUND (pownd), vt. [pr.p. POUNDING; p.t. and 
p.p. POUND'ED.] Beat repeatedly; bruise; 
bray with a pestle. [A.S. punian, beat.] 

POUNDCAKE (pownd'kak), n. Rich sweet cake, 
made of a pound each of the principal In- 
gredients. 

POUNDER (pownd'er), n. 1. One who pounds. 
2. Instrument for pounding; pestle. 3. In 
composition with a numeral, thing or person 
weighing a specified number of pounds, as 
a twelve-pounder. 

POUND-FOOLISH (pownd'fol-ish), a. Neglect- 
ing large interests while attending to trifles. 

POUND-KEEPER (pownd'kep-er), n. One in 
charge of a pound. 

POUR (por), v. [pr.p. POURING; p.t. and 
p.p. POURED (pord).] I. vt 1. Cause to flow 
forth in profusion. 2. Give vent to; utter. 
II. vi. 1. Flow; issue forth; rush. 2. Pour tea 
at a tea or reception. [Wei. bwrw, throw.] 

POUR (por), n. Act of pouring; downpour; 
heavy fall as of rain. 

POURPARLER (por-par-la')> n. Preliminary 
conference, especially between ministers of 
different states, with a view to subsequent 
negotiations. [Fr.] 

POUSSE-CAFE (pos-ka-fa), n. Cordial served 
at dinner after the coffee, especially a com- 
position of several cordials in layers. 

POUT (powt), v. [pr.p. POUT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
POUT'ED.] I. vt. Push out (the lips) in con- 
tempt or displeasure. II. vi. Protrude the 
lips in sullenness; be sullen. [Wei. pwdu.] 

POUT (powt), n. Act of pouting; fit of sulki- 
ness. 

POUTER (powt'er), n. 1. One who pouts. 2. 
Variety of pigeon, having the 
habit of inflating the breast. 
[Wei. pwdw.] 

POUTING (powt'ing), n. Child- / ~) W 

ish sullenness. 

POUTINGLY (powt'ing-li), adv. 
In a pouting or sullen manner. 

POVERTY (pov'er-ti), n. State 
of being poor. [O. Fr. poverte 
— L. paupertas.] Pouter. 

SYN. Indigence; necessity; pauperism; 
need; lack; want; penury. ANT. Opulence; 
riches; plenty; wealth. 

POVERTY-STRICKEN (pov'er-ti-strik-n), a. 
Afflicted with poverty. 

POWDER (powder), n. 1. Substance in fine 
particles. 2. Gunpowder. [Fr. poudre — L. 
pulvis, dust.] 

POWDER (powder), v. [pr.p. POWDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. POWDERED (pow'derd).] I. vt. 
1. Reduce to powder. 2. Sprinkle with pow- 
der. II. vi. 1. Crumble into powder. 2. Use 
powder for the face or hair. 

POWDERED (pow'derd), a. 1. Reduced to 
powder. 2. Sprinkled with powder. 




POWDERY (pow'der-i), a. Resembling, of 
sprinkled with, powder; friable. 

POWER (power), n. 1. Strength; energy. 2. 
Faculty of the mind. 3. Agency; moving 
force. 4. Rule; authority; influence. 5. 
Ability; capacity. 6. Influential nation. 7. 
Result of the multiplication of a quantity by 
itself a given number of times. 8. Optics. 
Magnifying strength. [M. E. poer — O. Fr. 
poer — L. posse (pot-esse) .] 

POWERFUL (pow'er-fol), o. Having great 
power; mighty; intense; forcible; efficacious. 

POWERFULLY (pow'er-fol-i), adv. In a power- 
ful manner. 

POWERFULNESS (pow'er-fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being powerful. 

POWER-HOUSE (power-hows), n. House in 
which motive power is generated, as for street- 
car traction. 

POWERLESS (pow'er-les), a. Without power. 

POWER-MACHINE (pow'er-ma-shen), n. Ma- 
chine driven by a mechanical force, not by 
hand, as a power-loom, a power-press, etc. 

POWWOW (powwow), n. 1. Conjurer. 2. 
Noisy conjuration. 3. Uproarious conference. 
[N. Am. Ind.] 

POWWOW (pow'wow), vi. [pr.p. POW'WOWING; 
p.t. and p.p. POWWOWED (pow'wowd).] 1. 
Carry on a noisy conference. 2. Conjure. 

POX (poks), n. Disease characterized by pocks. 
[See POCK.] 

PRACTICABILITY (prak-ti-ka-bil'1-ti), n. State 
or quality of being practicable. 

PRACTICABLE (prak'ti-ka-bl), a. That may be 
practiced, done, used, or followed. 

SYN. Feasible; possible; passable. ANT. 
Impossible; impracticable. 

PRACTICABLY (prak'ti-ka-bli), adv. In a prac- 
ticable manner. 

PRACTICAL (prak'ti-kal), a. 1. That can be 
put in practice. 2. Useful. 3. Applying knowl- 
edge to some useful end. 4. Virtual. 5. De- 
rived from practice. 

PRACTICALITY (prak-tl-kal'i-ti), n. Practi- 
calness. 

PRACTICALLY (prak'ti-kal-1), adv. 1. In a 
practical manner. 2. With regard to practice. 
3. To all intents and purposes; in effect. 

PRACTICALNESS (prak'ti-kal-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being practical. 

PRACTICE (prak'tis), n. 1. Habit of doing any- 
thing. 2. Frequent use. 3. Performance. 4, 
Method. 5. Medical treatment. 6. Exercise 
of any profession. 7. Rule in arithmetic. 
[O. Fr. practique — Gr. prahtikos, fit for doing, 
— prasso, praxo, do.] 

PRACTICE (prak'tis), v. [pr.p. PRACTICING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRACTICED (prak'tist).] I. vt. 

1. Put in practice ; do habitually. 2. Perform. 
3. Exercise. II. vi. 1. Have or form a habit. 

2. Exercise an employment or profession. 
PRACTICED (prak'tist), a. Skilled through 

practice* ., 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch, 



PRACTICE R 



856 



PRAYERFULLY 



1. One who 
One who puts 



PRACTICER (prak'ti-ser), n. 
practices any act or acts. 2 
in practice. 3. Practitioner. 
PRACTITIONER (prak-tish'un-er), n. One who 
is engaged in the exercise of a profession, 
especially medicine or law. [Older form 
practician — O. Fr. practicien.] 
PRECIPE, PRECIPE (pre'si-pi), n. Law. 1. 
Written order of court for the issue of process. 
2. Writ requiring something to be done or 
the reason for non-fulfillment. 
PRAETOR (pre'tur), n. Magistrate of ancient 
Rome, next in rank to the consuls. [L. proetor, 
for prceitor, leader — prce, before, and eo, itum, 
go.] 
PR^ETQRIUM. n. See PRETORIUM. 
PRAGMATIC (prag-mat'ik), PRAGMATICAL 
(prag-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Relating to communal 
affairs. 2. Over-active; officious; meddle- 
some. 3. Practical; procuring happiness. 
—Pragmatic Sanction, special decree issued 
by a sovereign, such as that of the Emperor 
Charles VI. of Germany securing the crown 
to Maria Theresa. [Gr. pragma, business, 
deed — prassd, do.] 

SYN. Consequential; officious; meddle- 
some; fussy. ANT. Reserved; unconcerned. 
PRAGMATICALLY (prag-mat'ik-al-i), adv. In 

a pragmatic manner. 
PRAIRIE (pra'ri), n. Extensive tract of land, 
level or rolling, without 
trees, and covered with 
tall coarse grass. [Fr. — ■ 
L.L. prataria, meadow 
land — L. pratum, mead- 
ow.] 
PRAIRIE-CHICKEN (pra'- 
ri-chik-en), n. Pinnated 
grouse ( Timpanuchus cu- 
pido), formerly common 
on the fertile prairies of P 7ahie Chicken (Tim- 
Illinois, Iowa, and Mis- panuchus cupido). 
souri; heath-hen. 
PRAIRIE-CLOVER (pra'ri-klo-ver), n. Kind 
of perennial leguminous plants which bear 
their petals on thread-like claws, four of which 
are united to the stamen tubes. The twenty- 
three species are all North American, ranging 
from Dakota to Sonora. 
PRAIRIED(pra'rid),a. Hav- 
ing prairies. 
PRAIRIE-DOG (pra'ri-dog), 
n. Small American rodent, 
living in the prairies. 
PRAIRIE-HEN (pra'ri-hen), 
». Pinnated grouse; prai- 
rie chicken. 
PRAISE (praz), w. 1. Com--! 
mendation. 2. Tribute of ' 
gratitude; glorifying, as Prairie-dog (Cynotnys 
in worship. 3. Reason of ^vz nanus). 

praise. [O.Fr. preis — L. pretium, price, value.] 
PRAISE (praz), vt. [pr.p. PRAISING; p.t. and 





p.p. PRAISED (prazd).] 1. Express commen- 
dation of ; extol; commend. 2. Laud or glorify. 

SYN. Applaud; eulogize; magnify; cele- 
brate; honor; bless; worship. ANT. Rlame; 
censure; reprove; condemn. 

PRAISEWORTHINESS (praz'wiir-tfu-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being praiseworthy. 

PRAISEWORTHY (praz'wur-t7»i), a. Com- 
mendable. 

PRALINE (pra/len), n. Confection of almond or 
nuts browned in boiling sugar. [Fr.] 

PRANCE(prans), vi. [pr.p. PRAN'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRANCED (pranst).] 1. Strut about in a 
showy or warlike manner. 2. Caper gaily, as 
a horse. [Another form of PRANK.] 

PRANDIAL (pran'di-al), a. Pertaining to a din- 
ner, feast, or banquet. 

PRANK (prangk), vt. [pr.p. PRANKING; p.t. 
and p.p. PRANKED (prangkt).] Display or 
adorn showily. [Ger. prangen, make a show.] 

PRANK (prangk), n. 1. Sportive action; caper. 
2. 3lischievous trick. 

PRATE (prat), v. [pr.p. PRA'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRATED.] I. vt. Utter foolishly or with- 
out thought; babble. II. vi. Talk idly; be 
loquacious. [L. Ger. praten.] 

PRATE (prat), n. Trifling talk; gabble. 

PRATER (pra'ter), n. One who prates. 

PRATTLE (prat'l), vi. [pr.p. PRATTLING; p.t. 
and p.p. PRATTLED (prat'ld).] 1. Prate or 
talk much and idly. 2. Utter child's talk. 
[Freq. of PRATE.] 

PRATTLE (prat'l), n. 1. Childish talk. 2. 
Prate. 

PRATTLER (prat'ler), n. One who prattles; 
loquacious person; child. 

PRAWN (pran), n. Small crustacean animal like 
the shrimp. [Etym. 
unknown.] 

PRAXIS (praks'is), n. 

1. Practice; 
discipline. 2. 
Example for 
exercise. [Gr. 
prasso, praxo, 
do.] 

PRAY (pra), v. 
[pr.p. PRAY'- 
ING* p.t. and -P rawn (.Parapenaeus Americanus) 
p.p. PRAYED (prad).] I. vt. 1. Supplicate; en- 
treat; earnestly beg or solicit. 2. Address with 
reverence and humility in adoration, petition, 
or thanksgiving. II. vi. 1. Make an earnest 
or formal request. 2. Engage in prayer. [O. 
Fr. praier — L. precor, ask.] 

PRAYER (prar), n. 1. Act of praying; entreaty. 

2. Words used in praying. 3. Formula of 
worship. 

PRAYER (pra'er), n. One who prays. 

PRAYERFUL (prar'fol), a. Given to prayer; 
devotional. 

PRAYERFULLY (prar'fol-i), adv. In a prayer- 
ful manner. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' 



PRAYERFULNESS 



857 



PRECIPITATION 



PRAYERFULNESS (prar'fol-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being prayerful. 
PRE-, prefix. Denotes priority in time, place, 

or rank. [L. prw, pre-, before.] 
PREACH (prech), v. [pr.p. PREACHING; p.t. 
and p.p. PREACHED (precht).] I. vt. In- 
culcate doctrines of; as, to preach the gospel. 
II. vi. 1. Pronounce a public discourse on 
sacred subjects. 2. Discourse earnestly. 3. 
Give advice in an offensive or obtrusive man- 
ner. [O. Fr. precher — L. prcedico, proclaim.] 
PREACHER (prech'er), w. 1. One who discourses 
publicly on religious subjects; clergyman. 2. 
One who inculcates a lesson or lessons with 
earnestness. 
PREACHMENT (prech' ment), n. Sermon; lec- 
ture; solemn or tedious advice. 
PREADAMITE (pre-ad'am-it), I. a. Existing 
before Adam's time. II. n. One who lived 
before Adam. 
PRE ADMONITION (pre-ad-mo-nish'un), n. Pre- 
vious warning. 
PREAMBLE (pre'am-bl), n. Preface; introduc- 
tion. [Fr. preambule — L. prce, before, and 
ambulo, go.] 
PREBENDARY (preb'en-dar-i), n. Clergyman 
attached to a cathedral, with a fixed stipend. 
PRECARIOUS (pre-kari-us), a. 1. Uncertain 
because depending on the will of another; 
doubtful. 2. Held by a doubtful tenure. 3. 
Perilous; hazardous. [L. precarius — precor, 
pray.] 
PRECARIOUSLY (pre-ka'ri-us-li), adv. In a 

precarious manner. 
PRECARIOUSNESS (pre-ka/ri-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being precarious. 
PRECAUTION (pre-ka'shun), n. 1. Caution or 
care beforehand. 2. Preventive measure. 

SYN. Forethought ; provision ; care ; prov- 
idence. ANT. Improvidence; thoughtless- 
ness; carelessness. 
PRECAUTIONARY (pre-ka'shun-a-ri), a. Con- 
taining or proceeding from precaution. 
PRECEDE (pre-ced), vt. [pr.p. PRECEDING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRECEDED.] Go before in time, 
rank, or importance. [Fr. preceder — L. prar- 
cedo — prw, before, and cedo, go.] 
PRECEDENCE (pre-se'dens), PRECEDENCY 
(pre-se'den-si), n. 1. Going before in time. 
2. Being before in rank. 3. Foremost place. 

SYN. Priority; antecedence; preeminence 
superiority; supremacy. ANT. Sequence; 
subordination. 
PRECEDENT (pre-se'dent), a. Going before; 
anterior. [Fr. — L. prwecdens, -entis, pr.p. of 
prweedo.] 
PRECEDENT (pres'e-dent), n. 1. That which 
may serve as an example or rule in the future. 
2. Parallel case in the past. 3. Judicial de- 
cision which serves as a rule for subsequent 
decisions in similar cases. 
PRECEDENTED (pres'e-dent-ed), a. Having 
a precedent; warranted by an example. 



adv. 



In a 



PRECEDENTLY (pre-se'dent-li), 
precedent manner. 

PRECEDING (pre-se'ding), a. Going before in 
time, rank, etc.; antecedent. 

PRECENTOR (pre-sentur), n. Leader of a 
choir. [L. prw, before, and cano, sing.] 

PRECEPT (presept), n. 1. Rule of action; 
commandment; principle. 2. Law. Written 
warrant of a magistrate. [L. prat, before, and 
capio, take.] 

SYN. Mandate; law; direction; maxim. 
ANT. Suggestion; prompting; impulse. 

PRECEPTIVE (pre-sep'tiv), a. Directing in 
moral conduct; didactic. 

PRECEPTOR (pre-sep'tiir), n. [fern. PRECEP'- 
TRESS.] One who delivers precepts; teacher. 

PRECEPTORIAL (pre-sep-to'ri-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to a preceptor. 

PRECESSION (pre-sesh'un), n. Act of going 
before. — The precession of the equinoxes, a slow 
westward or backward change in the position 
of the equinoctial points in consequence of 
which the longitude of heavenly bodies is con- 
tinually increasing. 

PRECINCT (pre'singkt), n. 1. Limit or bound- 
ary of a place. 2. Territorial district or divi- 
sion. 3. Limit of jurisdiction or authority. 
[L. pro3, before, and cingo, gird.] 

PRECIOUS (presh'us), a. 1. Of great price or 
worth; costly. 2. Highly esteemed. 3. Worth- 
less; coiitemptible (in irony). [O. Fr. precios — 
L. pretiosus — pretium, price.] 

PRECIOUSLY (preshus-li), adv. 1. In a pre- 
cious manner; valuably. 2. Exceedingly. 
(Colloq.) 

PRECIOUSNESS (presh'us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being precious. 

PRECIPICE (presi-pis), n. 1. Very steep place. 

2. Edge of a cliff; situation of extreme dan- 
ger. [Fr. — L. prmcipitium — prweeps, prmcipi- 
tis, headlong — prai, before, and caput, head.] 

PRECIPITANCE (pre-sip'i-tans), PRECIPI- 
TANCY (pre-sip'i-tan-si), n. Headlong hurry; 
rash haste. 

PRECIPITANT (pre-sip'i-tant), I. a. Falling or 
rushing headlong; lacking due deliberation. 
II. n. Chem. Substance which, when added to 
a liquid, decomposes it and precipitates a sedi- 
ment or precipitate. 

PRECIPITATE (pre-sip'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
CIPITATING; p.t. and p.p. PRECIPITATED.] 
1. Throw headlong. 2. Hurry rashly ; hasten. 

3. Chem. Throw to the bottom, as a sub- 
stance in solution or suspension. [L. prweipi- 
to, throw headlong.] 

PRECIPITATE (pre-sip'i-tat), I. a. 1. Falling, 
flowing, or rushing headlong. 2. Lacking 
deliberation; over-hasty. II. n. Chem. Sub- 
stance precipitated. 

PRECIPITATELY (pre-sip'i-tat-li), adv. In a 
precipitate manner; headlong. 

PRECIPITATION (pre-sip-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of precipitating. 2. 3Iatter precipitated. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her"; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ka=ch in Scotch lock. 



PRECIPITOUS 



858 



PREDISPOSE 



PRECIPITOUS (pre-sip'i-tus), a. 1. Like a 
precipice; very steep. 2. Hasty; rash. [O.Fr. 
precipiteux — L. prceceps. See PRECIPICE.] 

PRECIPITOUSLY (pre-sipi-tus-li), adv. In a 
precipitous manner. 

PRECIPITOUSNESS (pre-sip'i-tus-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being precipitous. 

PRECISE (pre-sis'), «• 1. Definite; exact; not 
vague. 2. Adhering too much to rule. 3. 
Excessively nice. [Fr. precis — L. prcecisus, 
p.p. of proecido, cut off. I 

SYN. Explicit; scrupulous; strict. ANT. 
Indefinite; vague; inexact; inaccurate. 

PRECISELY (pre-sis'li), adv. 1. In a precise 
manner. 2. As a positive reply — exactly. 

PRECISENESS (pre-sis'nes), n. 1. Strict ac- 
curateness. 2. Excessive formality. 

PRECISION (pre-sizh'un), n. Quality of being 
precise; exactness; accuracy. 

PRECLUDE (pre-klod), vt. [pr.p. PRECLU- 
DING; p.t. andp.p.PRECLU'DED.] 1. Hinder 
by anticipation. 2. Prevent from taking 
place, enjoying, entering, etc. [L. proscludo — 
prat, before, and cludo, shut.] 

PRECLUSION (pre-klozhun), n. Act of pre- 
cluding or hindering ; state of being precluded. 

PRECLUSIVE (pre-klo'siv), a. Tending to pre- 
clude; hindering beforehand. 

PRECLUSIVELY (pre-klo'siv-li), adv. In a 
preclusive manner. 

PRECOCIOUS (pre-k6'shus), a. Having the 
mind developed very early; premature; for- 
ward. [L. pro3, before, and coquo, cook, ripen.] 

PRECOCIOUSLY (pre-ko'shus-li), adv. In a 
precocious manner. 

PRECOCIOUSNESS (pre-ko'shus-nes), PRE- 
COCITY (pre-kos'i-ti), n. State or quality of 
being precocious. 

PRECONCEIVE (pre-kon-sev'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
CONCEIVING; p.t. and p.p. PRECONCEIVED 
(pre-kon-sevd').] Conceive, or form a notion 
of, beforehand. 

PRECONCEPTION (pre-kon-sep'shun), n. Pre- 
vious opinion or idea. 

PRECONCERT (pre-kon-serf), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
CONCERT ING; p.t. and p.p. PRECON- 
CERT'ED.] Agree upon or settle beforehand. 

PRECURSOR (pre-kur'sur), n. Forerunner; 
one who precedes and indicates the approach 
of another. [L. prce, before, and curro, run. 
See COURSE.] 

PRECURSORY (pre-kur'so-ri), a Forerun- 
ning; indicating something to follow; intro- 
ductory. 

PREDACEOUS (pre-dashus), a. Living by 
prey; predatory. [It. predace — L. prwda, 
booty, prey.] 

PREDATORILY (pred'a-to-ri-li), adv. In a 
predatory manner. 

PREDATORY (pred'a-to-ri), a. 1. Character- 
ized by plundering. 2. Rapacious; carnivo- 
rous. [L. prcedor, -atus t plunder — prceda, 
booty.] 



PREDECESSOR (pred-e-ses'ur), n. One who 
has preceded another. [L. prw, before, and 
decessor—decedo, depart.] 

PREDESTINARIAN (pre-des-ti-na'ri-an), I. a. 
Pertaining to predestination. II. n. One who 
holds the doctrine of predestination. 

PREDESTINATE (pre-des'ti-nat), vt. [pr.p. 
PREDESTINATING; p.t. and p.p. PREDES'- 
TINATED.] 1. Determine beforehand. 2. 
Preordain by an unchangeable purpose. [See 
PREDESTINE.] 

PREDESTINATION (pre-des-ti-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of predestinating. 2. Theol. Doctrine 
that God has from all eternity immutably 
fixed whatever is to happen. 

SYN. Foreordainraent; foredoom; elec- 
tion; fate. ANT. Freedom; volition; choice. 

PREDESTINE (pre-des'tih), vt. [pr.p. PREDES'- 
TINING; p.t. and p.p. PREDESTINED (pre- 
des'tind).] 1. Destine or decree beforehand. 
2. Foreordain. [L. prce, before, and destino, 
destine.] 

PREDETERMINE (pre-de-ter'min), vt. [pr.p. 
PREDETERMINING; p.t. and p.p. PREDE- 
TERMINED (pre-de-ter'mind).] Determine be- 
forehand. 

PREDICABLE (pred'i-ka-bl), a. That may be 
predicated; attributable. 

PREDICAMENT (pre-dik'a-ment), n. 1. Logic. 
Class or category definitely described. 2. Con- 
dition; unfortunate or trying position. [L.L. 
prcedicaznentum.] 

PREDICATE (pred'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. PREDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PREDICATED.] 1. Affirm 
as an attribute or quality of an object. 2. 
Base on certain grounds. [L. prmdico, -atus, 
proclaim.] 

PREDICATE (pred'i-kat), n. Logic and Gram. 
1. That which is stated of the subject. 2. Word 
or group of words expressing what is affirmed 
of the subject. 

PREDICATION (pred-i-ka'shun), n. Act of 
predicating; assertion. 

PREDICATIVE (pred'i-ka-tiv), a. Expressing 
predication or affirmation. 

PREDICT (pre-dikt), vt. [pr.p. PREDICTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREDICT'ED.] Declare or tell 
beforehand; prophesy. [L. prozdictus — prw, 
before, and dico, say.] 

SYN. Foretell; presage; bode; forebode; . 
portend. ANT. Demonstrate; determine; 
calculate; assure; establish; settle. 

PREDICTION (pre-dik'shun), n. 1. Act of pre- 
dicting. 2. That which is predicted or foretold. 

PREDICTIVE (pre-dikt' iv), a. Pertaining to fore- 
telling; prophetic. 

PREDIGEST (pre-di-jest'), vt. [pr.p. PREDI- 
GEST'lNG; p.t. and p.p. PREDIGEST'ED.] Di- 
gest by artificial means before eating. 

PREDILECTION (pre-di-lek'shun), n. Favor- 
able prepossession of mind; partiality. [L. 
pr«, before, and dilectio, -onis, choice.] 

PREDISPOSE (pre-dis-poz'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 



fg.te. fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then. kb=cA in Scotch loch, 



PREDISPOSITION 



859 



PREHENSIBLE 



DISPOSING; p.t. and p.p. PREDISPOSED 
(pre-dis-pozd')«] Dispose or incline before- 
hand. 

PREDISPOSITION (pre-dis-po-zishun), n. State 
of being predisposed or previously inclined. 

PREDOMINANCE (pre-domi-nans), PRE- 
DOMINANCY (pre-dom'i-nan-si), n. Quality 
or state of predominating or being predomi- 
nant. 

SYN. Prevalence; superiority; ascend- 
ency; rule. ANT. Inferiority; subjection; 
minority. 

PREDOMINANT (pre-dom'i-nant), a. Ruling; 
ascendent. 

PREDOMINANTLY (pre-domi-nant-li), adv. 
In a predominant manner. 

PREDOMINATE (pre-dom'i-nat), v. [pr.p. PRE- 
DOMINATING; p.t. and p.p. PREDOM- 
INATED.] I. vt. Dominate or rule over. II. 
vi. Be dominant or surpassing in strength or 
authority; prevail. 

PREEMINENCE (pre-em'i-nens), n. State of 
being preeminent; superiority. 

PREEMINENT (pre-em'i-nent), a. Surpassing 
others. [L. prce, before, and EMINENT.] 

PREEMPT (pre-empt'), v. [pr.p. PREEMPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREEMPTED.] I. vt. Establish 
a claim to or take up (land) by preemption. 
II. vi. Take up land by preemption. [L. pros, 
before, and emptio, buying — emo, buy.] 

PREEMPTION (pre-emp'shun), n. Act or right 
of appropriating or purchasing before others. 

PREEMPTIVE (pre-empt'iv), a. Pertaining to 
preemption; preempting. 

PREEMPTOR (pre-empt'ur), n. One who pre- 
empts. - 

PREEN (pren), vt. [pr.p. PREENING; p.t. and 
p.p. PREENED (prend).] Oil and arrange, as 
birds do their feathers. [Same as PRUNE.] 

PREENGAGE (pre-en-gaj'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
ENGAGING; p.t. and p.p. PREENGAGED 
( pre-en-gaj d').] Engage byprevious agreement 
or influence. 

PREENGAGEMENT ( pre-en-gaj 'ment), w. Pre- 
vious engagement. 

PREESTABLISH (pre-es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. 
PREESTAB'LISHING; p.t. and p.p. PRE- 
ESTABLISHED (pre-es-tab'lisht).] Establish 
or settle beforehand. 

PREEXIST (pre-egz-isf), vi. [pr.p. PREEXIST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PREEXIST'ED.] 1. Exist 
before something else. 2. Exist in a previous 
state. 

PREEXISTENCE (pre-egz-is'tens), n. 1. Ex- 
istence previous to or before something else. 
2. Existence in a previous state. 

PREFACE (pref'as), n. Something spoken or 
written as an introduction. [Fr. preface — L. 
proefatio — prce, before, and for, speak.] 

SYN. Foreword; introduction; preamble; 
proem; prelude; prologue. ANT. Sequel; 
supplement; appendix; postscript; adden- 
dum; epilogue. 



PREFACE (pref'as), v. [pr.p. PREFACING; p.t. 
and p.p. PREFACED (pref'ast).] I. vt. Intro- 
duce by preliminary remarks. II. vi. Make 
preliminary observations. 

PREFACER rpref'a-ser), n. Writer of pre- 
faces; one who prefaces. 

PREFATORILY (pref'a-to-ri-li), adv. By way 
of preface or introduction. 

PREFATORY (pref'a-to-ri), a. Pertaining to a 
preface; introductory. 

PREFECT (pre'fekt), n. Commander; especially 
in France, the administrative head of a de- 
partment. [Fr. prefet — L. prcefectus, p.p. of 
prceficio — proz, over, and facio, make, place.] 

PREFECTORAL (pre-fek'to-ral), a. Of or per- 
taining to a prefect. 

PREFECTURE (pre'fek-tur), n. 1. Office, 
position, or jurisdiction of a prefect. 2. Body 
of prefects. 3. Official residence of a prefect. 
4. District governed by a prefect. 

PREFER (pre-fer), vt. [pr.p. PREFERRING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREFERRED (pre-ferd').] 1. 
Esteem above another. 2. Choose; select. 

3. Promote; exalt. 4. Offer, as a petition. 
— Preferred stock, stock on which dividends 
are payable before dividends on the common 
stock. [Fr. preferer — L. prmfero — prw, before, 
and fero, bear.] 

PREFERABILITY (pref-er-a-bil'i-ti), n. State 
of being preferable. 

PREFERABLE (pref'er-a-bl), a. More desirable 
or excellent; of better quality. 

PREFERABLENESS (pref'er-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being preferable. 

PREFERABLY (pref'er-a-bli), adv. By pref- 
erence. 

PREFERENCE (pref'er-ens), n. 1. Act of pre- 
ferring. 2. State of being preferred. S. That 
which is preferred. 

PREFERENTIAL (pref-er-en'shal), a. Having 
or showing a preference. 

PREFERMENT (pre-fer'ment), n. 1. Act of 
preferring. 2. State of being advanced. 3. 
Advancement to a higher position ; promotion. 

4. Superior place. 

PREFIGURE (pre-fig'ur), vt. [pr.p. PREFIGUR- 
ING ; p.t. and p.p. PREFIGURED (pre-fig'urd) .] 
Represent beforehand; foreshow. 

PREFIX (pre-flks), vt. [pr.p. PREFIXING; p.t. 
and p.p. PREFIXED (pre-fikst').] Put before, 
or at the beginning. [L. prce, before, and FIX.] 

PREFIX (pre'fiks), n. Letter, syllable, or word, 
put at the beginning of another word. 

PREGNANCY (preg'nan-si), n. Quality or state 
of being pregnant. 

PREGNANT (preg'nant), a. 1. With child or 
young. 2. Fruitful; abounding with results. 
3. Full of significance; full of promise. [L. 
pros, forth, and gigno, beget.] 

PREGNANTLY (preg'nant- li), adv. In a preg- 
nant manner. 

PREHENSIBLE (pre-hen'si-bl), a. That may 
be seized. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch, 



^M 



PREHENSILE 



860 



PREMONITION 




Prehensile tail of animal. Spi- 
der monkey. 



PREHENSILE (pre-hen'sil), a. Adapted for 
seizing or holding. [L. 
prehendo, seize.] 

PREHENSION (pre-hen'- 
shun), n. Act of seizing 
or taking hold. [L. 
prehensio.] 

PREHISTORIC (pre- 
his-tor'ik), a. Re- 
lating to a time 
before that treated 
of in history. 

PREHUMAN (pre- 
hu'man), a. Be- 
longing to the time 
before the appear- 
ance of man upon the earth. 

PRELNDICATE (pre-in'di-kat), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
IN'DICATIXG; p.t. and p.p. PREIN'DICATED.] 
Indicate beforehand. 

PREJUDGE (pre-juj), »«• [pr.p. PREJUDGING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREJUDGED (pre-jujd').] Judge 
or decide upon before hearing the whole case; 
condemn unheard. 

PREJUDICATE (pre-jo'di-kat), v. [pr.p. PEE- 
JU'DICATIXG; p.t. and p.p. PREJU'DICA- 
TED.] I. vt. Prejudice. II. vi. Decide without 
examination. [L.prce, before, and judico, judge.] 

PREJUDICATIYE (pre-jo'di-ka-tiv), a. Form- 
ing a judgment or opinion beforehand. 

PREJUDICE (prej'u-dis), n. 1. Judgment or 
opinion formed beforehand or without due 
examination; unreasonable prepossession for 
or against anything; bias. 2. Injury; wrong; 
disadvantage; mischief. [L. proe judicium.] 

PREJUDICE (prej'u-dis), vt. [pr.p. PRE J'UD IC- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PREJUDICED (prej'u-dist).] 

1. Fill with prejudice; cause to form a 
prejudice against; bias the mind of. 2. In- 
jure by prejudice; derogate from; cause det- 
riment to. 

PREJUDICED (prej'u-dist), a. Influenced by 
prejudice; biased. 

PREJUDICIAL (prej-u-dish'al), a. Disadvan- 
tageous; injurious; mischievous; tending to 
obstruct. 

PREJUDICIALLY (prej-u-dish'al-i), adv. In 
a prejudicial manner. 

PRELACY (prel'a-si), n. 1. Ofl&ee of a prelate. 

2. Order of bishops; the bishops collectively. 
PRELATE (prel'at), n. Superior clergyman 

having authority over others, as a bishop; 
church dignitary. [Fr. prelat — L. prcelatus — 
prce, before, and lotus, borne.] 

PRELATESHIP (prel'at-ship), n. Office or dig- 
nity of a prelate. 

PRELATIC (pre-lat'ik), PRELATICAL (pre-laf- 
ik-al), a. Pertaining to, or characteristic of, 
prelates or prelacy. 

PRELATISM (prel'a-tizm), n. Prelacy; episco- 
pacy. 

PRELIMINARILY (pre-lim'I-na-ri-li), adv. In a 
preliminary manner. 



PRELIMINARY (pre-lim'i-na-ri), a. Introduc- 
tory; preparatory; preceding the main dis- 
course or business. [L. prw, before, and litnen, 
threshold.] 
PRELIMINARY (pre-lim'i-na-ri), n. [pi. PRE- 
LIMINARIES (pre-lim'i-na-riz).] That which 
precedes; introduction. Used mostly in the 
plural. 
PRELUDE (pre'lud or prel'ud), n. 1. Short piece 
of music before a longer piece. 2. Preface. 
3. Forerunner. [Fr. — L. L. prceludium — L* 
pro?, before, and ludo, play.] 
PRELUDE (pre-liid' or pre-lod'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
LU'DING; p.t. and p.p. PRELUDED.] Precede, 
as an introduction. 
PRELUSIVE (pre-lu'siv or pre-lo'siv), a. Of 

the nature of a prelude; introductory. 
PREMATURE (pre-ma-tur), a. 1. Matured 
before the proper time. 2. Happening before 
the proper time; too soon believed; unauthen- 
ticated. [L. proe, before, and maturus, ripe.] 
PRE3IATURELY ( pre-ma-tur 'li), adv. In a 

premature manner. 
PREMATURENESS ( pre-ma-tur nes), PREMA- 
TURITY (pre-ma-tur 'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being premature. 
PREMEDITATE (pre-med'i-tat), vt. and vi. [pr. 
p. PREMEDITATING; p.t. and p.p. PRE- 
MEDITATED.] Meditate upon or consider 
beforehand; design previously. 
PREMEDITATION (pre-med-i-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Act of deliberating beforehand. 2. Act of 
planning or contriving beforehand. 
PRE3HER (pre'mi-er), I. a. First; chief; an- 
cient. II. n. First or chief minister of state; 
secretary of state. [Fr. — L. primarius, of the 
first rank.] 
PREMISE (prem'is), n. [pi. PREMISES.] 1. 
Proposition antecedently supposed or laid 
down. 2. Logic. One of the two propositions 
in a syllogism from which the conclusion is 
drawn. 3. Property described or matter set 
forth in the beginning of a deed. 4. Real 
estate, its buildings and other adjuncts. 
PRE3IISE (pre-miz), vt. [pr.p. PREMISING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREMISED (pre-mizd').] 1. Set 
forth as an introduction. 2. Lay down, as 
propositions for subsequent reasonings. [Fr. 
— L. (sententia) pr&missa, (sentence) put be- 
fore — prw, before, and mitto, missus, send.] 
PREMIUM (pre'mi-um), n. 1. Reward; prize; 
bounty. 2. Payment made for insurance. 3. 
Difference in value above the original price 
or par of stock; opposed to DISCOUNT. 4. 
Anything offered as an incentive. [L. pr&mium 
— prai, above, and emo, take, buy.] 
PREMONTSH (pre-mon'ish), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
MON'ISHING; p.t. and p.p. PREMONISHED 
(pre-mon'isht).] Admonish or warn before- 
hand. [L. prw, before, moneo, warn.] 
PREMONITION (pre-mo-nish'un), n. Act of 
forewarning; a warning; often an inward 
feeling of something about to happen. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch, 



PRE3IQNITORY 



861 



PRESBYTERY 



PRE3IONITORY (pre-mon'i-to-ri), a. Giving 
warning or notice beforehand. 

PRENASAL (pre-na/zal), a. In front of the 
nasal passages. 

PRENATAL (pre-na'tal), a. Previous to birth. 

PREOCCUPANCY (pre-ok'u-pan-si), n. Act or 
right of preoccupation. 

PREOCCUPANT (pre-ok'u-pant), n. Prior oc- 
cupant. 

PREOCCUPATION (pre-ok-u-pa'shun), n. 1. 
Preoccupancy. 2. Prepossession. 3. That 
which preoccupies. 4. State of being preoc- 
cupied with some object of thought. 

PREOCCUPY (pre-ok'u-pi), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
OCCUPYING; p.t. and p.p. PREOCCUPIED 
(pre-ok'u-pid).] 1. Occupy, or take posses- 
sion of, before another. 2. Occupy the atten- 
tion of beforehand or by prejudice. 

PREORDAIN (pre-ar-dan'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
ORDAINING; p.t. and p.p. PREORDAINED 
(pre-ar-dand').] Appoint, or determine, be- 
forehand. 

PREORDINATION (pre-ar-di-na'shun), n. Act 
of preordaining. 

PREPAID (pre-pad'), a. Paid beforehand. 

PREPARATION (prep-a-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
preparing. 2. Previous arrangement. 3. 
State of being prepared or made ready. [Fr. — 
L. prceparatio.] 

PREPARATIVE (pre-par'a-tiv), I. a. Having 
the power of preparing or making ready. II. 
n. That which prepares ; preparation. 

PREPARATORY (pre-par'a-to-ri), a. Tending 
or serving to prepare. 

PREPARE (pre-par), v. [pr.p. PREPARING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREPARED (pre-pard').] I. vt. 
1. Fit for a purpose. 2. Make or get ready 
for use. II. vi. 1. 3Iake the necessary prep- 
arations. 2. 3Iake one's self ready. [L. prce, 
before, and paro, prepare.] 

SYN. Adjust; adopt; qualify; equip; ar- 
range; provide; manufacture. 

PREPARED (pre-pard'), a. 1. Made ready. 2. 
Ready. 

PREPAREDLY (pre-par'ed-li), adv. In a state 
of readiness or preparation. 

PREPAREDNESS (pre-par'ed-nes), w. Quality 
or state of being prepared. 

PREPAY (pre-pa), vt. [pr.p. PREPAYING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREPAID (pre-pad').] Pay before 
or in advance. 

PREPAYMENT (pre-pa'ment), n. Act of pre- 
paying; payment in advance. 

PREPENSE (pre-pens'), a. Premeditated; in- 
tentional. Usually in the legal phrase "with 
malice prepense." [Fr. — L. prce, before, and 
pendo, pensum, weigh.] 

PREPONDERANCE (pre-pon'der-ans), n. Su- 
periority of weight, numbers, power or in- 
fluence. 

PREPONDERANT (pre-pon'der-ant), a. Out- 
weighing; superior in weight, power, or in- 
fluence. 



PREPONDERANTLY (pre-pon'der-ant-li), adv. 
In a preponderant manner. 

PREPONDERATE (pre-pon'der-at), vt. [pr<p. 
PREPON' DERATING; p.t. and p.p. PREFON'- 
DERATED.] 1. Outweigh. 2. Exceed in power 
or influence. [L. prm, before, and pondero, 
weigh; from pondus, weight.] 

PREPONDERATION (pre-pon-der-a'shun), n. 
Act or state of preponderating. 

PREPOSITION (prep-o-zish'un), n. Word placed 
before a noun or pronoun to show its relation 
to some other word of the sentence. [Fr. — 
L. prce, before, and pono, positum, put.] 

PREPOSITIONAL (prep-o-zish'un-al), a. Per- 
taining to or having the force or character of 
a preposition. 

PREPOSSESS (pre-poz-zes'), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
POSSESSING; p.t. and p.p. PREPOSSESSED 
(pre-poz-zest').] 1. Preoccupy. 2. Bias; prej- 
udice. 3. Impress favorably from the start. 

PREPOSSESSION (pre-poz-zesh'un), n. 1. Pre- 
vious possession. 2. Preconceived opinion, 
especially a favorable one. 

PREPOSTEROUS (pre-pos'ter-us), a. Contrary 
to nature or reason; wrong; absurd; foolish. 
[L. pro;, before, and posterus, after.] 

PREPOSTEROUSLY (pre-pos'ter-us-li), adv. In 
a preposterous manner. 

PREREQUISITE (pre-rek'wi-zit), I. a. Re- 
quired or necessary beforehand. II. n. Some- 
thing necessary for an end proposed. 

PREROGATIVE (pre-rog'a-tiv), n. Exclusive 
or peculiar privilege. [Fr. — L. prw, before, 
and rogo, -atum, ask.] 

PRESAGE (pre'saj), n. Something that in- 
dicates a future event. [F. presage — L. prw- 
sagiutn — prw, before, and sagio, perceive. See 
SAGACIOUS.] 

PRESAGE (pre-saj'), vt. [pr.p. PRESA'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRESAGED (pre-sajd').] Fore- 
bode; indicate; predict. 

PRESBYOPIA (pres-bi-6'pi-a), n. Long-sighted- 
ness due to old age. [Gr. presbys, old, and 
dps, eye.] 

PRESBYTER (pres'bi-ter), n. 1. One of the 
second order of the ministry, between bishop 
and deacon. 2. Member of a presbytery. [Gr. 
presbyteros, comp. of presbys, old.] 

PRESBYTERIAL (pres-bi-te'ri-al), PRESBY- 
TERIAN (pres-bi-te'ri-an), a. Pertaining to 
or consisting of presbyters. 

PRESBYTERIAN (pres-bi-te'ri-an), I. «f. Per- 
taining to presbytery or that form of church 
government in which all the clergy are equal; 
opposite to EPISCOPALIAN. II. n. Adher- 
ent of this form of church government. 

PRESBYTERIANISM (pres-bi-te'ri-an-izm), n. 
Form of church government of Presbyterians. 

PRESBYTERY (pres'bi-ter-i), n. [pi. PRES'BY- 
TERIES (pres'bi-ter-iz).] 1. Council of pres- 
byters jr elders. 2. Court consisting of the 
ministers and one elder (a layman) from each 
Presbyterian church in a certain district. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PRESCIENCE 



86^ 



PRESS 



PRESCIENCE (pre'shi-ens), n. Knowledge of 
events beforehand. [Fr.] 

PRESCIENT (pre'shi-ent), a. Knowing things 
beforehand. [L. priesciens, pr.p. of prcescio, 
foreknow.] 

PRESCRIBE (pre-skrib), vt. [pr.p. PRESCRI- 
BING; p.t. and p.p. PRESCRIBED (pre- 
skribd').] 1. Lay down for direction. 2. Med. 
Give direction for, as a remedy to be used. 
[L. prce, before, and seribo, write.] 

SYN. Order; enjoin; recommend. ANT. 
Inhibit; prohibit; discountenance. 

PRESCRIBER (pre-skri'ber), n. One who pre- 
scribes. 

PRESCRIPT (pre'skript), n. Something pre- 
scribed; direction. 

PRESCRIPTION (pre-skrip'shun), n. 1. Act of 
prescribing or directing. 2. Med. Written 
direction for the preparation of a medicine. 
3. That which is prescribed. 4. low. Custom, 
or use, continued until it has the force of law. 
[Fr. — L. prcescriptio.] 

PRESCRIPTIVE (pre-skrip'tiv), a. Consisting 
in, or acquired by, custom or immemorial 
use. 

PRESENCE (prez'ens), n. 1. State of being 
present; opposed to ABSENCE. 2. Situation 
within sight; position face to face. 3. Person 
of a superior. 4. Persons assembled before 
a great person. 5. Mien; personal appearance. 
6. Calmness; readiness, as of mind. [Fr. — L. 
prcesentia.] 

PRESENT (prez'ent), I. a. 1. Being in a certain 
place; opposed to ABSENT. 2. Now under 
view or consideration. 3. Being at this time; 
not past or future. 4. Ready at hand. 5. 
Attentive; not absent-minded. 6. Gram. De- 
noting time just now, or making a general 
statement. II. n. Present time. — At present, 
now. [Fr. — L. prcesens — prce, before, and 
esse, be.] 

PRESENT (pre-zent), vt. [pr.p. PRESENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRESENTED.] 1. Set before; 
introduce; exhibit to view; offer. 2. Put into 
the possession of another; make a gift of. 
3. Lay before for consideration. 4. Point, 
as a gun before firing. — Present arms, hold 
the weapon vertically in front of the body, as 
a salute. [Fr. — L. proesento.] 

PRESENT (prez'ent), n. That which is presented 
or given; gift. 

SYN. Donation; benefaction; gratuity; 
grant; largess; endowment. ANT. Reser- 
vation; purchase; compensation; payment. 

PRESENTABLE (pre-zent'a-bl), o. Fit to be 
presented; fit to be shown or seen. 

PRESENTATION (prez-en-ta'shun), n. 1. Act 
of presenting. 2. Representation. [L. presen- 
tation 

PRESENTER (pre-zent'er), n. One who pre- 
sents. 

PRESENTIMENT (pre-sen'ti-ment), n. Con- 
viction of something about to happen; fore- 



boding. [O. Fr. — L. prcesentio. See SENTI- 
MENT.] 

PRESENTLY (prez'ent-li), adv. Without delay; 
after a little. 

PRESENT3IENT (pre-zent'ment), n. 1. Act of 
presenting. 2. Thing presented or represented. 
3. Laiv. Accusation presented by a grand 
jury; indictment. 

PRESERVABLE (pre-zerv'a-bl), o. That may 
be preserved. 

PRESERVATION (prez-er-va'shun), n. 1. Act 
of preserving by keeping safe. 2. State of 
being protected. 3. Means of security. 

PRESERVATIVE (pre-zerv'a-tiv), PRESERV- 
ATORY (pre-zerv'a-to-ri), 1. a. Tending 
to preserve; having the quality of preserving. 
II. n. That which preserves; preventive of 
injury. 

PRESERVE (pre-zerv'), vt. [pr.p. PRESERVING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRESERVED (pre-zervd').] 1. 
Keep from injury. 2. Prepare for preserva- 
tion. 3. Keep up, as appearances. [Fr. pre- 
server — L. pros, before, and servo, save.] 

SYN. Defend; save; secure; retain; 
maintain; protect; spare; shield. ANT. 
Abandon; neglect; spend; spoil; waste. 

PRESERVE (pre-zerv), n. 1. That which is 
preserved (commonly in the plural). 2. Place 
in which game is kept for purposes of sport. 

PRESERVER (pre-zerv'er), n. One who or that 
which preserves. 

PRESIDE (pre-zid), vi. [pr.p. PRESIDING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRESI'DED.] Direct or control, 
especially at a meeting; superintend. [Fr. 
presider — L. prcesideo — pro?, before, and sedeo, 
sit.] 

PRESIDENCY (prez'i-den-si), n. Office of presi- 
dent, or his dignity, term of office, jurisdic- 
tion, or residence. 

PRESIDENT (prez'i-dent), n. 1. One who pre- 
sides over a meeting; chairman. 2. Chief 
officer of a college, institution, etc. 3. Officer 
elected to be supreme executive of a province 
or nation. [Fr. — L. prossidens, -entls, pr.p. 
of praisideo.) 

PRESIDENTIAL (prez-i-den'shal), a. Pertain- 
ing to a president. 

PRESIDIO (pre-sid'i-6), n. Military post; 
center of military authority (Western United 
States). [Sp. — L. presidium, garrison.] 

PRESPHENOID (pre-sfe'noid), I. a. Per- 
taining to the presphenoid bone. II. n. 
Bone in the median part of the vertebrate 
skull situated in front of the sphenoid and 
center of the frontal cranial segment. 

PRESS (pres), v. [pr.p. PRESSING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRESSED (prest).] I. vt. 1. Squeeze or 
crush strongly. 2. Drive with violence ; urge. 
3. Distress. 4. Inculcate with earnestness. 
5. Make smooth, as cloth or paper. II. vi. 1. 
Exert pressure. 2. Crowd forward or urge 
with violence. [Fr. presser — L. presso — premo, 
pressus, squeeze.] 



fate, fat task. far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch, ' 



mute, hut, buro, 



PRESS 



863 



PRETERNATURAL 



1. Instrument for squeezing. 




Printing Press. 



PRESS (pres), n 

2. Printing 
machine. 

3. Art or 
business of 
printing 
and pub- 
lishing. 4. 
Printed 
literature, 
especially 

the newspapers. 5. Act of urging forward. 
6. Urgency. 7. Crowd. 8. Closet for holding 
articles. — Press of sail, as much sail as can 
be carried. 

PRESS (pres), vt. [pr.p. PRESS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRESSED (prest).] Carry (men) off by 
violence to become soldiers or sailors. [O. Fr. 
prest, ready.] 

PRESS-AGENT (pres'a-jent), n. Person specific- 
ally employed to write articles and notices 
for publication either for advertising or gen- 
eral Information, as press-agent for a theatrical 
enterprise. 

PRESSER (pres'er), n. One who or that which 
presses. 

PRESS-GANG (pres'gang), n. Gang or body of 
sailors under an officer to Impress men into 
the navy. 

PRESSING (pres'ing), a. 1. Urgent. 2. Im- 
portunate. 3. Forcible. 

PRESSINGLY (pres'lng-li), adv. In a pressing 
manner. 

PRESSMAN (pres'man), n. [pi. PRESSMEN.] 
1. One who tends a press. 2. One who presses 
clothes. 3. Member of a press-gang. 4. One 
impressed into the navy or army. 

PRESSMARK (pres'mark), n. Special mark 
placed on books and other printed matter in 
libraries to designate their location in the 
different sections or on the shelves. 

PRESSPROOF (pres'prof), n. Print. Final 
proof of form to be printed taken while on 
the press or immediately before being placed 
there. 

PRESSROOM (pres'rom), n. Print. Room in 
which the presswork of printing is done. 

PRESSURE (presh'or), n. 1. Act of pressing; 
squeezing. 2. State of being pressed. 3. Im- 
pulse; constraining force. 4. That which 
presses or afflicts; difficulties. 5. Urgency. 
6. Physics. Action of force on something 
resisting it. [O. Fr. — L. pressura — premo.] 

PRESSWORK (preswurk), n. Print. Final 
operation by which the impression of type is 
made on the paper or other material used for 
the purpose. 

PRESTIDIGITATION (pres-ti-dij-1-ta'shun), n. 
Sleight of hand. [L. prwsto, ready, digitus, a 
finger, and -ATION.] 

PRESTIDIGITATOR (pres-ti-dij'i-ta-tur), n. 
Sleight of hand performer; juggler. 

PRESTIGE (pres'tij or pres-t6zh'), n. Influence 



arising from past conduct or from reputation. 
[Fr. — L. prwstigium, delusion.] 

PRESTO (pres'to), adv. Music. Quickly; in rapid 
tempo. — presto! change! jugglers' phrase. [It.] 

PRESUMABLE (pre-zu'ma-bl), a. That may be 
presumed. 

PRESUMABLY (pre-zu'ma-bll), adv. In a pre- 
sumable manner. 

PRESUME (pre-zum'), v. [pr.p. PRESU'MING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRESUMED (pre-zumd').] I. vt. 
Take as true without examination or proof; 
take for granted. II. vi. Venture beyond what 
one has ground for; act forwardly or without 
permission. [Fr. presutner — L. pros, before, 
and sumo, take.] 

PRESUMING (pre-zu'ming), a. Unreasonably 
bold. 

PRESUMINGLY (pre-zu'ming-li), adv. In a 
presuming manner. 

PRESUMPTION (pre-zump'shun), n. 1. Act of 
presuming; supposition. 2. Strong probabil- 
ity. 3. Forward conduct. 

PRESUMPTIVE (pre-zump'tiv), a. Grounded 
on probable evidence. 

PRESUMPTIVELY (pre-zump'tiv-li), adv. In a 
presumptive manner. 

PRESUMPTUOUS (pre-zump'tu-us), a. 1. Full 
of presumption; bold and confident. 2. 
Founded on presumption. 3. Willful. 

PRESUMPTUOUSLY (pre-zump'iu-us-11), adv. 
In a presumptuous manner. 

PRESUMPTUOUSNESS ( pre-zump'tu-us-nes) , 
n. Quality or state of being presumptuous. 

PRESUPPOSE (pre-sup-poz), vt. [pr.p. PRE- 
SUPPOSING; p.t. and p.p. PRESUPPOSED 
(pre-sup-pozd').] Take for granted; assume. 

PRESUPPOSITION (pre-sup-o-zish'un), n. 1. 
Act of presupposing. 2. That which is pre- 
supposed. 

PRETEND (pre-tend), v. [pr.p. PRETENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRETENDED.] I. vt. 1. Hold 
out as a cloak for something else. 2. Offer, 
as something feigned. 3. Affect to feel. II. vi. 
1. Put In a claim. 2. Make a pretense; feign. 
[Fr. pretendre — L. pros, before, and tendo, 
stretch.] 

PRETENDER (pre-tend'er), n. One who pre- 
tends. 

PRETENSE, PRETENCE (pre-tens'), n. 1. Pre- 
tension; simulation. 2. Appearance; show; 
pretext. 3. Assumption; claim. 

PRETENSION (pre-ten'shun), n. Somethingpre- 
tended ; false or fictitious assumption or claim. 

PRETENTIOUS (pre-ten'shus), a. Marked by 
or containing pretense; presumptuous; ar- 
rogant. 

PRETER-, PR^ETER-, prefix. Beyond, In place, 
time or degree; In excess. [L. prater, beyond.] 

PRETERIT, PRETERITE (pret'er-it), I. a. 
Gone by; past; noting the past tense. II. n. 
Past tense. [L. prceteritus — prater, beyond, 
and eo, itum, go.] 

PRETERNATURAL (pre-ter-nat'u-ral), a. Be- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PRETERNATURALLY 



864 



PRICKLING 



L 



yond what is natural ; extraordinary, but not 
plainly miraculous. 

PRETERN ATUR ALL Y ( pre-ter-nat'u-ral-i) , adv. 
In a preternatural manner. 

PRETEXT (pre'tekst or pre-tekst')» n. Ostensible 
motive ; reason put forward to conceal the real 
one; pretense. [L. prce, before, and texo, 
weave.] 

PRETORIA (pre-to'ri-a), n. Capital of the 
former South African Republic. 

PRETORIAN (pre-to'ri-an), I. a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to a praetor. 2. Belonging to the body- 
guard of the Roman Caesars. II. n. Soldier 
of the Cresars' bodyguard. 

PRETORIUM (pre-to'ri-um), n. Tent of a 
Roman military commander of general rank; 
part of Roman camp in which such tent stood. 

PRETTILY (prit'i-li or pret'1-li), adv. In a pretty 
manner; pleasingly; neatly. 

PRETTINESS (prit'i-nes or pret'i-nes), n. 1. The 
state of being somewhat superficially pleasing 
to the aesthetic sense. 2. That which is pretty; 
sometimes used in unfavorable sense as less 
than beautiful. 

PRETTY (prit'i or preti), I. a. Good-looking; 
neat; considerable. II. adv. Moderately; 
almost. [A. S. pr&ttig, tricky.] 

SYN. Comely; elegant; handsome; taste- 
ful; pleasing; attractive; delicately beau- 
tiful; excellent; sufficient. ANT. Ugly; 
homely; disgusting; repulsive; hideous. 

PRETZEL (pretsel), n. Roll or cake baked In 
the form of a knot, sprinkled with salt and 
baked crisp. [Ger.] 

PREVAIL (pre-val), vi. [pr.p. PREVAILING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREVAILED (pre-vald').] 1. 
Have influence or effect. 2. Overcome; gain 
the advantage. 3. Be in force; obtain. [Fr. 
prevaloir — L. prce, before, and valeo, be power- 
ful.] 

PREVAILING (pre-valing), a. 1. Having great 
power; efficacious. 2. Most general. 

PREVALENCE (prev'a-lens), PREVALENCY 
(prev'a-len-si), n. Preponderance; superior- 
ity; influence; efficacy. 

PREVALENT (prev'a-lent), a. 1. Prevailing. 
2. Having great power. 3. Victorious. 4. 
Most common. 

PREVALENTLY (prev'a-lent-li), adv. In a 
prevalent manner. 

PREVARICATE (pre-vari-kat), vi. [pr.p. PRE- 
VARICATING; p.t. and p.p. PREVARICA- 
TED.] Shift about from side to side; evade the 
truth; quibble. [L. pree, before, and varicus 
straddling.] 

PREVARICATION (prS-var-i-ka'shun), n. Act 
of prevaricating. 

PREVARICATOR (pre-var'i-ka-tur), n. One 
who prevaricates. 

PREVENT (pre-vent), vt. [pr.p. PREVENTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PREVENTED.] 1. Hinder. 2. 
obviate. [L. prat, before, and venio, come.] 
SYN. Check; impede; preclude; restrain; 



frustrate; bar; thwart. ANT. Promote, 
aid; facilitate; expedite; encourage; ad- 
vance. 

PREVENTABLE (pre-vent'a-bl), o. Capable of 
being prevented. 

PREVENTION (nre-ven'shun), n. 1. Act of 
preventing. 2. That which prevents. 

PREVENTIVE (pre-ventiv), I. a. Tending to 
prevent. II. n. That which prevents. 

PREVIOUS (pre'vi-us), a. Going before in time; 
former. [L. prwvius — pree, before, and via, 
way.] 

PREVIOUSLY (pre'vi-us-li), adv. In time pre- 
vious or preceding. 

PREVIOUSNESS (pre'vi-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being previous. 

PREVISION (pre-vizh'un), n. Foresight. 

PREY(pra), n. Booty; plunder; that which is, 
or may be, seized by violence. — Beast or bird 
of prey, one that feeds on the flesh of other 
animals. [O. Fr. prate — L. prwda, booty.] 

PREY (pra), vi. [pr.p. PREYING; p.t. and p.p. 
PREYED (prad).] 1. Take plunder; seize 
anything as food by violence. 2. Weigh 
heavily; exert a depressing influence; make 
a victim of another. 

PRIAM (pri'am), n. Greek Legend. Last king of 
Troy; Hecuba's husband; father of Hector 
and Paris. 

PrIAPUS (pri-a'pus), n. Boman Myth. Son of 
Dionysos and Aphrodite, god of fishermen, 
shepherds and farmers. 

PRICE (pris), n. That at which anything is 
prized, valued or bought; excellence; recom- 
pense, [O. Fr. pris — L. pretium> price.] 

PRICE (pris), vt. [pr.p. PRICING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRICED (prist).] 1. Set a price on. 2. Ask the 
price of. 

PRICELESS (pris'les), a. 1. Beyond price; in- 
valuable. 2. Without value; worthless. 

PRICK (prik), n. 1. Sharp point. 2. Puncture. 
3. Sting; remorse. [A. S. prica, point.] 

PRICK (prik), vt. [pr.p. PRICKING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRICKED (prikt).] 1. Pierce; puncture. 

2. Erect, as a horse his ears. (Often with up.) 

3. Fix by the point. 4. Put on by puncturing. 
5. Mark or make by pricking. 6. Affect with 
a sudden, sharp pain; sting. 

PRICKER (prik'er), n. One who or that which 

pricks. 
PRICKLE (prik'l), n. 1. Sharp point growing 

from the bark of a plant, rind of a fruit, etc. 

2. Stinging sensation. . 
PRICKLE (prik'l), v. [pr.p. PRICK'EING; p.t. 

and p.p. PRICKLED (prik' Id).] I. vt. Puncture 

slightly with sharp points or prickles. II. vi. 

Be covered wth prickles; as, he prickled all 

over. 
PRICKLINESS (prikli-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being prickly. 
PRICKLING (prik'ling), I. a. Stinging. II. n. 

Sensation of pain as if pricked or hurt by 

prickles. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



PRICKLY 



865 



PRINCE 



PRICKLY (prik'li), a. 1. Full of prickles. 3. 
As if hurt by prickles. 

PRICKLY-PEAR (prik'li-par), n. Class of plants 
generally covered with clusters of strong hairs 
or prickles, and bearing fruit like the pear. 

PRIDE (prid), n. 1. Extreme self-esteem. 2. 
Noble self-esteem. 3. That of which one is 
proud. [A. S. pryte — pryt, proud. Cf. Ger. 
protz, snob.] 

SYN. Conceit; haughtiness; vanity; hau- 
teur; arrogance; presumption. ANT. Low- 
liness; meekness; modesty; humility. 

PRIDE (prid), vt. [pr.p. PRl'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRl'DED.] Take pride; value; feel pride; 
used reflexively; as, to pride one's self on. 

PRIER (pri'er), n. One who pries. [See PRY.] 

PRIEST (prest), n. [/em. PRIEST'ESS.] One 
who officiates in sacred offices. [A. S. predst, 
contr. of L.L. presbyter.] 

PRIESTHOOD (prest'hod), n. 1. Office or char- 
acter of a priest. 2. Priestly order. 

PRIESTLINESS (prest'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being priestly. 

PRIESTLY (prest'li), a. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling a priest. 

PRIG (prig), n. Narrow-minded person who 
assumes superior wisdom or virtue in himself. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

PRIG (prig), vt. [pr.p. PRIG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRIGGED (prigd).] Dress up; primp; prink. 
[Variant of PRICK.] 

PRIGGISH (prigish), a. Like a prig; conceited. 

PRIM (prim), o. Exact and precise in manner; 
affectedly nice. [O. Fr. prim, fern, prime — L. 
primus, prima, first.] 

PRIM (prim), vt. [pr.p. PRIM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRIMMED (primd).] 1. Deck with great nicety. 

2. Form with affected preciseness. 
PRIMACY (pri'ma-si), n. Office or dignity of 

a primate or archbishop. 
PRIMA-DONNA (pre-ma-don'a), n. First or 

leading female in an opera. [It. — L. prima 

domina.] 
PRIMA FACIE (pri'ma fa'shi-e). On the face 

of; at first view. [L. primus, first, and fades, 

appearance.] 
PRIMAL (pri'mal), o. First; original. 
PRIMARILY (pri'ma-ri-li), adv. In a primary 

manner; in the first or most important place. 
PRIMARINESS (pri'ma-ri-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being primary. 
PRIMARY (prima-ri), a. 1. First; original; 

primitive. 2. Most important; chief. 3. 

Lowest in order; elementary. [L. primarius — 

primus, first. See PRIMER.] 
PRIMARY (pri'ma-ri), n. [pi. PRIMARIES (pri- 

ma-riz).] 1. That which is highest in rank of 

importance. 2. Party-meeting in an election- 
district, ward, etc., for nominating candidates. 

3. Planet in relation to its satellite or satel- 
lites. 

PRIMATE (pri'mat), n. 1. First or highest dig- 
nitary in a church; archbishop. 2. Zool. The 



order of Primates, embracing the three highest 
families of mammals, man, monkey, and 
lemur. 

PRIMATESHIP (primat-ship), n. Primacy. 

PRIME (prim), I. a. First, in order of time, rank, 
or importance; chief; excellent. II. n. 1. 
Beginning; dawn; spring. 2. The best part. 
3. Height of perfection. [L. primus, first.] 

PRIME (prim), vt. [pr.p. PRIMING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRIMED (primd).] 1. Put in readiness; pre- 
pare, as a firearm or pump. 2. Cover with, as 
the first coating of paint or plaster. 

PRIME-MINISTER (prim-min'is-ter), n. First 
or chief minister of state. [See PREMIER.] 

PRIMER (prim'er), n. 1. First reading book. 

2. Elementary introduction to any subject. 

3. Either of two sizes of type, great primer 
(18 points) or long primer (10 points). [L. 
primarius. See PRIMARY.] 

This is Long: Primer Type. 

Great Primer Type. 

PRIMEVAL (pri-me'val), a. Belonging to the 
first ages ; original ; primitive. [L. primozvus — 
primus, first, and mvum, age.] 

PRIMING (pri'ming), n. 1. First coating of color 

2. That with which anything is primed. 
PRIMITIVE (primi-tiv), I. a. 1. Belonging to 

the beginning, or to the first times; original; 
ancient. 2. Antiquated; simple; old-fashioned. 

3. Not derived. II. n. Primitive word, or one 
not derived from another. [Fr. — L. primitivus 
— primus, first.] 

PRIMITIVELY (prim'i-tiv-li), adv. In a primi- 
tive manner. 
PRIMITIVENESS (primi-tiv-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being primitive. 
PRIMLY (prim'li), adv. In a prim manner. 
PRIMNESS (prim'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being prim. 
PRIMOGENITURE (pri-mo-jen'i-tur), n. 1. 

State of being born first of the same parents. 

2. Right of inheritance of the eldest born. 
PRIMORDIAL (pri- 

mar'di-al),I.a.First 

in order; original; 

existing from the 

beginning. II. n. 

First principle or 

element. [L. primus, 

first, and ordo, or- 
der.] 
PRIMROSE (prim'- 

roz), «. 1. Early 

spring flower (not 

of the rose family). 

2. A coal-tar color ^ve^gvlsmx^^odetia). 

of pinkish - yellow 

shade used in silk dyeing, etc. [O. Fr. prim- 

erole — L. primula veris, first of spring.] 
PRINCE (prins), n. [fern. PRIN'CESS.] 1. One 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PRINCEDOM 



866 



PRIVATIVE 



of highest rank; sovereign. 2. Son of a king 
or emperor; chief of any class or body of men. 
[Fr. — L. princcps — primus, first, and capio, 
take.] 
PRINCEDOM (prins'dum), n. Estate, jurisdic- 
tion, sovereignty, or rank of a prince. 

Prince Edward Island, in Gulf of st. 

Lawrence, a province of Canada. 

PRINCELIKE (prins'lik), o. Like or character- 
istic of a prince. 

PRINCELINESS (prins'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being princely. 

PRINCELY (prins'li), I. a. Princelike; becom- 
ing a prince; grand; august; regal. II. adv. 
In a princelike manner. 

PRINCESS, n. See PRINCE. 

PRINCIPAL (prin'si-pal), I. a. Taking the first 
place; highest in character or importance; 
chief. II. n. 1. Principal person or thing. 
2. Head, as of a school or college. 3. One 
who takes a leading part. 4. Money on which 
interest is paid. 5. Arch. Main beam or tim- 
ber. 6. Law. Perpetrator of a crime; abettor. 
7. 3£usic. Organ stop. [L. principalis.] 

PRINCIPALITY (prin-si-pal'i-ti), n. [pi. PRIN- 
CIPALITIES (prin-si-pal'i-tiz).] Territory of 
a prince or the country which gives title to 
him. 

PRINCIPALLY (prin'si-pal-i), adv. Chiefly; 
mainly. 

PRINCIPLE (prin'si-pl), n. 1. Fundamental 
truth. 2. Law or doctrine from which others 
are derived. 3. Original faculty of the mind. 
4. Law of nature. 5. Settled rule of action. 
6. Chem. Constituent part. [L. vrincipium, 
beginning — princeps, chief. 1 

PRINCIPLE (prin'si-pl), t*. [pr.p.PRIN'CIPLING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRINCIPLED (prin'si-pld).] 1. 
Establish in principles. 2. Impress with a 
doctrine. 

PRINK (pringk), v. [pr .p. PRINKING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRINKED (pringkt).] I. vt. 1. Dress for 
show; prank. 2. Put on fine airs; strut, n. 
vi. Dress up; prank. [Variant of PRANK.] 

PRINT (print), v. [pr.p. PRINT IN G; p.t. and 
p.p. PRINTED.] I. vt. 1. Mark by pressure. 

2. Impress letters on paper, etc. 3. Publish. 
4. Make by any transfer process a picture, as 
a positive from a negative in photography. 
II. vi. 1. Practice the art of printing. 2. 
Publish a book. [O. Fr. preinte for empreinte 
— L. imprimo — in, into, and premo, press.] 

PRINT (print), n. 1. 31ark or character made by 
impression. 2. Impression of types in general. 

3. Copy. 4. Engraving. 5. Newspaper. 6. 
Printed cloth; calico. 7. That which impresses 
its form on anything; cut, stamp or die. 8. 
Arch. Plaster-cast in low relief. 

PRINTER (print'er), n. One who prints, espe- 
cially books, newspapers, etc. 

PRINTING (printing), n. 1. Act, art, or prac- 
tice of printing. 2. Photog. Act or process of 
reproducing, by aid of light, on a chemically 




Prism. 



prepared paper, an image from a negative or 
film. 

PRIOR (pri'ur), a. Coming before in time. 

PRIOR (pri'ur), n. [fcm. PRIORESS.] Head of 
a priory. 

PRIOR ATE (pri'ur-at), PRIORSHIP (pri'ur- 
ship), n. Government or office of a prior. 

PRIORITY (pri-or'i-ti), n. State of being prior 
or first in time, place, or rank. 

PRIORY (pri'ur-i), n. Convent for either sex, 
under a prior or prioress, and next below an 
abbey. 

PRISM (prizm), n. 1. Geom. Solid whose ends 
are similar, equal and parallel 
planes, and whose sides are par- 
allelograms. 2. Optics. Solid 
glass of triangular-shaped body. 
[L.L. — Gr. prisma, sawed — prizo, 
saw.] 

PRISMATIC (priz-mat'ik), PRIS- 
MATICAL (priz-mat'ik-al), a. Re- 
sembling or pertaining to a prism; 
formed by a prism. 

PRISMATICALLY(priz-mat'ik-al-i), 
adv. In the form or manner of a 
prism. 

PRIS3IOID (priz'moid), n. Figure in 
the form of a prism. [PRISM, and 
Gr. eidos, form.] 

PRISON (priz'n), n. Ruilding for the confine- 
ment of criminals, etc.; jail; any place of 
confinement. [Fr. — L. prensio, for prehensio, 
seizing — prehendo, seize.] 

PRISONER (priz'n-er), n. 1. One confined in 
prison. 2. Captive. 

PRISTINE (pris'tin), a. As at first; former; be- 
longing to the beginning or earliest time ; an- 
cient. [O. Fr. — L. pristinus.] 

PRITHEE (pritft'e), inter). Pray. [Corrup. of 
I pray thee.] 

PRIVACY (pri'va-si), n. 1. State of being 
private or retired from company or observa- 
tion. 2. Place of seclusion; retreat. 3. Re- 
tirement; secrecy. 

PRIVATE (pri'vat), I. a. 1. Not public; con- 
cerning an individual person, company, etc.; 
personal. 2. Secluded; solitary. 3. Secret. 
II. n. Common soldier. [L. privatus, p.p. 
of privo, separate — privus, single.] 

PRIVATEER (pri-va-ter'), n. Armed private 
vessel commissioned to seize and plunder an 
enemy's ships. 

PRIVATEER (pri-va-ter'), vi. 
TEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
(pri-va-terd').] 1. 
Fit out privateers. 

PRIVATELY (pri'vat-li), adv. 
manner. 

PRIVATION (pri-va'shun), n. State of being 
deprived of something, especially of what is 
necessary for comfort; destitution; hardship; 
negation. [Fr.] 

PRIVATIVE (priv'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Causing pri- 



[pr.p. PRIVA- 
PRIVATEERED 

Cruise in a privateer. 2. 

In a private 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. ' 



PRIVATIVELY 



86? 



PROCEEDING 



vation. 2. Consisting in the absence of some- 
thing. 3. Implying negation; giving negative 
meaning to a word, as a in atheist. II. n. 

1. That which exists only by the absence of 
something else, as darkness by the absence of 
light. 2. Logic. Term denoting the absence of 
a quality. 3. Gram. Prefix denoting absence, 
or negation, as tin-, a-, in-. [L.] 

PRIVATIVELY (priv'a-tiv-li), adv. In a priv- 
ative manner. 

PRIVET (priv'et), n. European shrub much 
used for hedges. [Etym. unknown.] 

PRIVILEGE (priv'i-lej), n. Right not general. 
[Fr. — L. privus, single, and lex, law.] 

SYN. Prerogative; benefit; immunity; 
advantage; exemption; franchise. ANT. 
Disfranchisement; disqualification; exclu- 
sion; prohibition; inhibition; proscription. 

PRIVILEGE (priv'i-lej), vt. [pr.p. PRIVILEG- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PRIVILEGED (privi-lejd).l 
Grant a privilege to. 

PRIVILEGED (priv'i-lejd), a. Invested with or 
enjoying some privilege. 

PRIVILY (priv'i-li), adv. Secretly. 

PRIVITY (priv'i-ti), n. [pi. PRIVITIES (priv'i- 
tlz). 1. Joint knowledge of something private 
or confidential. 2. Secret; secrecy. 

PRIVY (priv'i), a. 1. Private; pertaining to one 
person, especially a sovereign; for private 
uses. 2. Secret. 3. Appropriated to retirement. 
4. Admitted to the knowledge of something 
secret. [Fr. prive — L. privatus. See PRIVATE.] 

PRIVY (priv'i), n. [pi. PRIVIES (priv'iz).] 1. 
Law. Person having an interest in an action. 

2. Necessary house. 

PRIX (pre), n. Premium or prize, especially at 
a French competition in art, horse-race, etc. 
[Fr.] 

PRIZE (priz), n, 1. That which is taken or 
gained by competition. 2. Anything taken 

»from an enemy in war. 3. That which is won 
in a lottery. 4. Anything offered for com- 
petition; reward. [Fr. prise — pris, taken.] 

PRIZE (priz), vt. [pr.p PRIZING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRIZED (prizd).] Esteem as of great value 
or worth. 

PRO-, prefix. For; fore; in front? forth; for- 
ward. [L.] 

PRO (pro) AND CON (abbreviated from contra). 
For and against. 

PROA (pro'a), n. Small 3Ialay sailing vessel. 
[Malay prdu.] 

PROBARILITY (prob-a-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. PROB- 
ABILITIES (prob-a-bili-tiz).] 1. Quality of 
being probable. 2. Appearance of truth. 3. 
That which is probable. 

SYN. Likelihood; presumption; veri- 
similitude; chance. ANT. Unlikelihood; 
improbability. 

PROBABLE (prob'a-bl), a. Giving ground for 
belief. [Fr. — -L. probabilis — probo, prove.] 

PROBABLY (prob'a-bli), adv. In all probability; 
likely. 



PROBATE (pro'bat), n. 1. Proof that the will 
of a person deceased is indeed his lawful act. 
2. Official copy of a will, with the certificate 
of its having been proved. 3. Right of juris- 
diction of proving wills. [L. probatum, proved.] 

PROBATION (pro-ba'shun), n. 1. Act of prov- 
ing; proceeding to elicit truth, etc.; trial. 2. 
Time of trial; novitiate. 

PROBATIONAL (pro-ba'shun-al), «. Serving for 
probation. 

PROBATIONARY (pro-ba'shun-a-ri), a. Per- 
taining to probation. 

PROBATIONER (pro-ba'shun-er), n. One who 
is on probation or trial. 

PROBATIVE (pro'ba-tiv), PROBATORY (pro'- 
ba-to-ri), a. Serving for proof or trial; relating 
to proof. 

PROBE (prob), vt. [pr.p. PROBING; p.t. and 
p.p. PROBED (probd).] Examine with or as 
with a probe; examine thoroughly. [L. probo, 
prove.] 

PROBE (prob), n. 1. That which tries or probes. 
2. Proof or trial. 3. Surg. Long, thin In- 
strument, usually of silver, for examining a 
wound, etc. 

PROBITY (prob'i-ti), n. Tried honesty. [L. 
probitas — probus, honest.] 

SYN. Integrity; honesty; uprightness; 
rectitude; principle; conscientiousness. 
ANT. Dishonesty; rascality; roguery. 

PROBLEM (prob'lem), n. 1. Matter difficult of 
settlement or solution. 2. Geom. Proposition 
in which something is required to be done. 
[Gr. problema — pro, before, and ballo, throw.] 

PROBLEMATIC (prob-lem-at'ik), PROBLEM- 
ATICAL (prob-lem-at'ik-al), a. Of the nature 
of a problem; questionable; doubtful. 

PROBLEMATICALLY (prob-lem-at'Lk-al-i), ao'v* 
In a problematical manner. 

PROBOSCIS (pro-bos'sis), n. [pi. PROBOSCIDES 
(pro-bos'si-dez).] 1. Trunk 
of some animals, as the ele- 
phant, for conveying food ,l\\ w ' 
to the mouth. 2. Any simi- 
lar protruding organs ; 
snout; sucker. [L. — Gr. pro- 
boskis, front-feeder — pro, in 
front, and boskd, feed.] 

PROCEDURE (pro-se'dur), n. 
Act of proceeding; prog- 
ress; conduct. 

PROCEED (pro-sed'), vi. [pr. 
p. PROCEEDING; p.t. and 
p.p. PROCEEDED.] Go 
forward ; advance ; issue ; 
be produced; prosecute. [Fr. 
proceder — L. procedo — pro, 
before, and cedo, go.] 

SYN. Move; pass; 
progress; continue; arise; emanate; flow. 
ANT. Recede; deviate; retreat; stay; de- 
sist; retire. 

PROCEEDING (pro-sed'ing), n. 1. Act of going 




Proboscis of Ele- 
phant. 

A. Proboscis. B. Section- 
al view of same showing 
nostrils. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii = « in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



%IA 



PROCEEDS 



868 



PRODIGAL 



forth or forward; progress; step; operation; 
transaction. 2. [pi.] Steps in the prosecuting of 
an action at law. 3. [pi.] Record of the trans- 
actions of a society, etc. 

PROCEEDS (pro'sedz), n.pl. 3Ioney obtained, 
as from the sale of goods, etc. 

PROCESS (pros'es or pro'ses), n. 1. Act or state 
of going forward. 2. Operation. 3. Whole 
proceedings in an action or prosecution. 4. 
Series of measures. 5. Projection on a bone. 
6. Judicial writ. [Fr. proces — L. processus.] 

PROCESS-ENGRAVING (pros'es-en-gra-ving), 
n. 1. Reproduction of colored objects by 
means of photography in three primary colors, 
red, yellow and blue, etched on copper. 2. 
Reproduction of objects in one color by means 
of photography and etched on zinc or copper. 

PROCESSION (pro-sesh'un), n. 1. Act of pro- 
ceeding. 2. Train of persons in a formal march 
[Fr.— L.] 

PROCESSIONAL (pro-sesh'un-al), I. a. Per- 
taining to a procession. II. n. Hymn sung 
during the solemn entry of the clergy into the 
church. 

PROCLAIM (pro-klam'), vt. [pr.p. PROCLAIM- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PROCEAIMED(pr6-klamd').] 
Publish; announce officially. [Fr. proclamer 
— L. proclamo — pro, out, and clamo, cry.] 

PROCLAIMER (pro-klam'er), n. One who pro- 
claims. 

PROCLA3IATION (prok-la-ma'shun), n. 1. Act 
of proclaiming. 2. Official notice given to the 
public. 

PROCLIVITY (pro-kliv'i-ti), n. [pi. PROCLIV- 
ITIES (pro-kliv'i-tiz).] Tendency; inclina- 
tion; aptitude. [L. pro, forward, and clivus, 
sloping.] 

PROCNE (prok'ne), ». Greek Myth. Daughter 
of King Pandion, wife of Tereus and mother 
of Itys. Upon learning that her husband had 
ravished her sister Philomela and cut her ton- 
gue out, Procne, together with Philomela, 
slew Itys and gave him to her husband to eat. 
Procne was changed to a swallow and Tereus 
to a hawk. 

PROCONSUL (pro-kon'sul),n. 1. Roman officer 
having the power of a consul without his 
office. 2. Governor of a province. [L.] 

PROCONSULAR (pro-kon'su-lar), a. Of or per- 
taining to a proconsul. 

PROCONSULATE (pro-kon'su-lat), n. Office or 
jurisdiction of a proconsul. 

PROCONSULSHIP (pro-kon'sul-ship), n. Pro- 
consulate. 

PROCRASTINATE (pro-kras'ti-nat), v. [pr.p. 
PROCRASTINATING; p.t. and p.p. PRO- 
CRAS'TINATED.] I. vt. Put off till some fu- 
ture time; postpone. II. vi. Be dilatory; de- 
lay. [L. pro, for, and crastinus, of to-morrow.] 

PROCRASTINATION (pro-kras-ti-na'shun), n. 
Act or habit of procrastinating. 

SYN. Dilatoriness; delay. ANT. Punctu- 
ality; timeliness; promptitude; alacrity. 



PROCRASTINATOR(pro-kras'ti-na-tur), n. One 
who procrastinates. 

PROCREATE (pro'kre-at), vt. [pr.p. PROCRE- 
ATING; p.*. and p.p. PROCREATED.] Gen- 
erate; propagate. [L. procreo, -atus — pro, 
forth, and creo, produce.] 

PROCREATION (pro-kre-a'shun), n. Act of 
procreating. 

PROCREATIVE (pro'kre-a-tiv), a. Having the 
power or property of procreating. 

PROCREATIVENESS (pro'kre-a-tiv-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being procreative. 

PROCREATOR (pro'kre-a-tur), n. One who 
begets; father. 

PROCRUSTEAN (pro-krus'te-an), a. Obtaining 
conformity by violence. [From Procrustes, 
which see.] 

PROCRUSTES (pr6-krus'tez), n. Greek Legend. 
Highwayman or fabled giant who tied his 
captives on a bed; if too long to fit the couch, 
he cut off part of their limbs; if too short, he 
stretched them. 

PROCTOR (prok'tur), n. 1. Manager for an- 
other. 2. Attorney in the admiralty courts. 
3. Official in the English universities who 
attends to the morals of the students and en- 
forces obedience to university regulations. 
[Contr. of PROCURATOR.] 

PROCTORSHIP (prok'tur-ship), n. Office or 
dignity of a proctor. 

PROCUMBENT (pro-kum'bent), a. 1. Lying 
down or on the face. 2. Hot. Trailing. [L. 
pro, forward, and cumoo, lie down.] 

PROCURABLE ( pro-kur 'a-bl), a. That may 
be procured. 

PROCURACY (prok'u-ra-si), n. Proxy. [L. L. 
procuratia — L. pro, in place of, and cura, care.] 

PROCURATION (prok-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
procuring. 2. Act of managing another's 
affairs. 3. Instrument giving power to do 
this. 4. In the Church of England, sum paid 
by incumbents to the bishop or archdeacon 
on account of visitations. 

PROCURATOR (prok'u-ra-tur), n. 1. One who 
takes care of, or attends to, a thing for another. 
2. Governor of a province under the Roman 
emperors. [L. See PROCURE.] 

PROCURATORSHIP (proku-ra-tur-ship), n. 
Office of a procurator. 

PROCURE (pro-kur), vt. [pr.p. PROCURING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROCURED (pro-kurd').] 1. Ob- 
tain. 2. Cause. [Fr. procurer — L. procuro, 
take care of.] 

PROCUREMENT ( pro-kur 'ment), n. Act of 
procuring. 

PROD (prod), n. 1. Pointed instrument or 
weapon. 2. Thrust or stab. [Ice. oroddr, spike.] 

PROD (prod), vt. [pr.p. PRODDING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRODDED.] Prick with a prod; goad. 

PRODIGAL (prodi-gal), I. a. Wasteful; lavish; 
profuse. II. n. One who is profligate; spend- 
thrift. [Fr. — L. prodigo, drive away, squander, 
— pro, forth, and ago, drive.] 



ite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her: mite, mit: note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u-w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, lih=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



PRODIGALITY 



869 



PROFITABLE 



PRODIGALITY (prod-i-gal'i-ti), u. [pi. PRODI- 
GALITIES (prod-i-gal'i-tiz).] 1. State or 
quality of being prodigal; extravagance. 2. 
Great liberality; bounteousness. 

PRODIGALLY (prod'i-gal-i), adv. In a prodigal 
manner. 

PRODIGIOUS (pro-dij'us), a. Like a prodigy; 
enormous. 

PRODIGIOUSLY (pro-dij'us-li), adv. In a pro- 
digious manner. 

PRODIGIOUSNESS (pro-dij'us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being prodigious. 

PRODIGY (prod'i-ji), n. [pi. PRODIGIES (prod'i- 
jiz).] Something extraordinary; wonder. [Fr. 
prodige — L. prodigium, prophetic sign.] 

PRODUCE (pro-dus), vt. [pr.p. PRODUCING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRODUCED (pro-dust').] 1. Bring 
forward. 2. Bear; yield; make; cause. 3. 
Gcom. Extend. [L. pro, forward, and duco, 
lead.] 

PRODUCE (prod'us), n. That which is produced; 
product; proceeds. 

PRODUCER (pro-du'ser), n. One who or that 
which produces. 

PRODUCIBLE (pro-du'si-bl), a. That may be 
produced. 

PRODUCT (prod'ukt), n. 1. That which is pro- 
duced. 2. Arith. Result of numbers multiplied 
together. 

PRODUCTION (pro-duk'shun), n. 1. Act of 
producing. 2. That which is produced. 

PRODUCTIVE (pro-duk'tiv), a. Having the 
power to produce. 

SYN. Efficient; generative; prolific; fer- 
tile; fruitful; originative; causative. ANT. 
Unfruitful; barren; sterile; unproductive. 

PRODUCTIVELY (pro-duk'tiv-li), adv. In a 
productive manner. 

PRODUCTIVENESS (pro-duk'tiv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being productive. 

PROEM (pro'em), n. Introduction; prelude. 
[Fr. proetne — Gr. prooimion — pro, before, and 
oimos, way.] 

PROFANATION (prof-a-na'shun), n. Act of 
profaning; desecration. 

PROFANATORY ( pro-fan a-to-ri), a. Desecra- 
ting; tending to produce contempt. 

PROFANE (pro-fan'), a. 1. Unholy; impious. 
2. Common; secular. [Fr. — L. prof anus — pro, 
in front, outside of, and fanum, temple.] 

PROFANE (pro-fan'), vt. [pr.p. PROFANING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROFANED (pro-fand).] 1. 
Violate, as anything holy; abuse, as anything 
sacred. 2. Put to a wrong use. 3. Pollute; de- 
base. 

PROFANELY (pro-fan'li), adv. In a profane 
manner. 

PROFANENESS (pro-fan'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being profane. 

PROFANER (pro-fa'ner), n. One who profanes. 

PROFANITY ( pro-fan 'i-ti), n. 1. Irreverence. 
2. That which is profane. 3. Profane lan- 
guage. 



PROFESS (pro-fes'), vt. [pr.p. PROFESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROFESSED (pro-fesf ).] 1. Own 
freely. 2. Declare in strong terms. 3. An- 
nounce publicly one's skill in. [Fr. profcsser 
— L. professus — profiteor — pro, publicly, and 
fateor, confess.] 

PROFESSED (pro-fesf), a. Openly declared; 
avowed; acknowledged. 

PROFESSEDLY (pro-fes'ed-li), adv. In profes- 
sion, but not in reality; avowedly. 

PROFESSION (pro-fesh'un), n. 1. Act of pro- 
fessing. 2. Open declaration. 3. Employment 
not mechanical and requiring some degree of 
learning. 4. Collective body of persons en- 
gaged in a profession. 5. Entrance into a 
religious order. 

PROFESSIONAL (pro-fesh'un-al), I. a. Per- 
taining to a profession. II. n. One who makes 
his living by an art, as opposed to an amateur 
who practices it .merely for pastime. 

PROFESSIONALLY (pro-fesh'un-al-i), adv. In 
a professional manner. 

PROFESSOR (pro-fes'iir), n. 1. One who pro- 
fesses. 2. One who publicly practices or 
teaches a branch of knowledge. (Colloq.) 
3. Teacher in a university upon whom the 
title professor has been formally conferred. 

PROFESSORIAL (pro-fes-sd'ri-al), a. Pertain- 
ing to or characteristic of a professor. 

PROFESSORSHIP (pro-fes'ur-ship), n. Office 
or position of a professor. 

PROFFER (prof'er), vt. [pr.p. PROF'FERING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROFFERED (prof'erd).] Hold 
forth; offer for acceptance. [Fr. proferer — L. 
pro, forward, and fero, bear.] 

PROFFER (prof'er), n. Offer made; tender. 

PROFFERER (prof er-er), n. One who proffers. 

PROFICIENCY (pro-fish'en-si), n. Quality or 
state of being proficient. 

PROFICIENT ( pro-fish 'ent), I. a. Thoroughly 
qualified; well skilled; competent. II. n. 
Adept; expert. [L. proficiens, pr.p. of proficio, 
advance.] 

PROFILE (pro'fel or pro'fil), n. 1. Drawing 
in outline. 2. Head or portrait in a side view. 
3. Outline of any object withoxit foreshorten- 
ing. 4. Vertical section of a country to show 
the elevations and depressions. [It. profilo, 
border, outline — L. pro, before, and filum, 
thread.] 

PROFILE (pro'fel or pro'fil), vt. [pr.p. PRO'- 
FILING; p.t. and p.p. PRO'FDLED (pro'feld).] 
Draw in profile. 

PROFIT (profit), n. 1. Excess of value received 
over expenditure. 2. Accession of good from 
exertion. 3. Advantage. [Fr. — L. proficio, 
progress.] 

PROFIT (profit), v. [pr.p. PROF'ITING; p.t. and 
p.p. PROF'ITED.] I. vt. 1. Benefit or be of 
advantage to. 2. Improve. II. vi. 1. Gain 
advantage. 2. Receive profit. 3. Be of ad- 
vantage. 4. Bring good. 

PROFITABLE (prof it-a-bl), a. Yielding profit. 



i 
i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



PROFITABLENESS 



870 



PROLIX 



PROFITABLENESS (prof it-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being profitable. 

PROFITABLY (prof it-a-bli), adv. In a profit- 
able manner. 

PROFITLESS (prof it-les), a. Without any profit, 
gain, or advantage. 

PROFLIGACY (prof li-ga-si), n. Quality or state 
of being profligate. 

PROFLIGATE (prof li-gaf , I. a. Abandoned to 
vice; prodigal. II. n One shamelessly disso- 
lute. [L. — profiigatus, thrown down.] 

PROFLIGATELY (profli-gat-li), adv. In a 
profligate manner. 

PROFLIGATENESS (prof li-gat-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being profligate; profligacy. 

PRO FOR3IA (.pro far'ma). As a matter of 
form. [L.] 

PROFOUND (pro-fownd'), I. a. 1. Far below 
the surface; very deep. 2. Thorough. 3. 
Intense. 4. Low. n. n. Sea or ocean. [L. 
profundus — pro, forth, and fundus, bottom.] 

PROFOUNDLY (pro-fownd'li), adv. In a pro- 
found manner. 

PROFOUNDNESS (pro-fownd'nes), n. Quality 
or state of being profound. 

PROFUNDITY (pro-fun'di-tn, ». Quality or 
state of being profound. 

PROFUSE (pro-fus'S a. 1. Abundant. 2. Liberal 
to excess. [L. profundo — pro, forth, and fun- 
do, pour.] 

SYN. Lavish; prodigal; bountiful; copi- 
ous; exuberant. ANT. Scanty; sparing; 
chary. 

PROFUSELY (pr6-fus'li), adv. In a profuse 
manner. 

PROFUSENESS (pro-fus'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being profuse. 

PROFUSION (pro-fu'zhun), n. 1. Profuse or 
lavish supply. 2. Profuse or lavish expendi- 
ture; prodigality. 

PROGENITOR (pro-jen'i-tur), n. Forefather. 
[L. — pro, before, and genitor, parent.] 

PROGENY (proj'e-ni), n. Offspring. 

SYN. Descendants; children; lineage; 
issue; posterity. ANT. Stock; parentage; 
ancestry. 

PROGNATHISM (prog'na-thizm), n. The state 
of having protrusive jaws. [Gr. pro, before, 
and gnathos, jaw.] 

PROGNATHOUS (prog'na-thus), a. Having 
projecting jaws; characterized by prognathism. 

PROGNOSIS (prog-no'sis), n. Foreknowledge; 
act or art of foretelling the course of a disease 
from the symptoms. [Gr. pro, before, and 
gigndsko, know.] 

PROGNOSTIC (prog-nos'tik), I. n. Prediction; 
Indication. II. a. Foreshowing. 

PROGNOSTICATE (prog-nos'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. 
PROGNOSTICATING; p.t. and p.p. PROG- 
NOSTICATED.] Foretell; presage. 

PROGNOSTICATION (prog-nos-ti-ka'shun), n. 
Act of foretelling or predicting. 

PROGRAM, PROGRAMME (program;, n. Out- 



line of a forthcoming proceeding; itemized list 
of selections of an entertainment, etc. [Gr. 
pro, before, and grapho, write.] 

PROGRESS (prog'res), n. Advance; improve- 
ment. [L. progressus — progredior, go forward.] 

PROGRESS (pro-gres'), vi. [pr.p. PROGRESS- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PROGRESSED (pro-gresf )•] 
Go forward; make progress; advance; im- 
prove. 

PROGRESSION (pro-gresh'un), n. 1. Motion 
onward. 2. Increase or decrease of numbers 
or magnitudes according to a fixed law. 

PROGRESSIONAL (pro-gresh'un-al), a. Per- 
taining to progression. 

PROGRESSIVE (pro-gres'iv), a. Moving for- 
ward; improving. 

PROGRESSIVELY (pro-gres'iv-li), adv. In a 
progressive manner. 

PROGRESSIVENESS (pro-gres'iv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being progressive. 

PROHIBIT (pro-hibit), vt. [pr.p. PROHIBIT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PROHIBITED.] 1. Hinder. 
2. Prevent; forbid. [L. prohibeo — pro, be- 
fore, and habeo, hold.] 

SYN. Forbid; interdict; debar; disallow; 
preclude. ANT. Permit; grant; allow. 

PROHIBITION (pro-hi-bish'un), n. 1. Act of 
prohibiting. 2. Interdict. 3. Forbidding by 
law the sale of alcoholic liquors. 

PROHIBITIONIST (pro-hi-bish'un-ist), n. One 
who favors prohibition. 

PROJECT (proj'ekt), n. Plan; scheme. [L. 
projeetum — pro, forth, and jacio, throw.] 

PROJECT (pro-jekf), v. [pr.p. [PROJECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROJECTED.] I. vt. 1. Con- 
trive. 2. Throw forward. 3. Draw; exhibit. 
II. vi. Shoot forward; jut out. 

PROJECTILE (pro-jekf il), I. a. 1. Throwing 
forward. 2. Impelled forward. II. n. Body 
projected by force; missile. 

PROJECTION (pro-jek'shun), n. 1. Act of 
projecting. 2. That which juts out. 3. Plan; 
scheme. 4. Delineation. 

PROJECTOR (pro-jekf ur), n. 1. One who pro- 
jects or forms schemes. 2. That which throws, 
as a mirror or camera. 

PROLAPSE (pro-laps'), PROLAPSUS (pro-lap - 
sus), n. Pathol. Falling down of an internal 
part. [L. prolapsus, fallen forward.] 

PROLATE (pro'lat), a. Stretched out; elongated. 
[L. prolatus, extended. 1 

PROLETARIAN (pro-le-ta'ri-an), I. a. Having 
little or no property; plebeian. II. n. Wage- 
earner; laborer. 

PROLETARIAT (pro-le-ta'ri-at), n. 1. Lowest; 
poorest class. 2. Wage-earning class. [L. 
proletarius — proles, offspring.] 

PROLIFIC (pro-lifik), a. Fruitful; productive; 
fertile. [Fr. prolifique — L. proles, offspring, 
and facio, make.] 

PROLIX (pro-liks' or pro'liks), a. Tedious; 
lengthy; minute. [L. pro, forward, and -lixus 
— liquor, flow.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn. 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



PROLIXITY 



871 



PR0N03IINALLY 



PROLIXITY (pro-liks'i-ti), PROLIXNESS (pro- 
liks'nes), n. Quality or state of being prolix. 

PROLOCUTOR (pro-lok'u-tur), n. Chairman of 
a convocation. [L. pro, before, and loquor, 
locutus, speak.] 

PROLOGUE (pro log), n. Preface; introductory 
verses before a play. [Gr. prologos — pro, be- 
fore, and logos, speech.] 

PROLONG (pro-lang), vt. [pr.p. PROLONGING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROLONGED (pro-langd').] Con- 
tinue; lengthen out. [L. prolongo — pro, for- 
ward, and longus, long.] 

PROLONGATE (pro-lang'gat), vt. [pr.p. PRO- 
LONGATING; p.t. and p.p. PROLONGATED.] 
Lengthen. 

PROLONGATION (pro-lang-ga'shun), n. 1. 
Act of prolonging. 2. Part prolonged; ex- 
tension. 

PR03IENADE (prom-en-ad'), n. 1. Walk for 
pleasure, show, or exercise. 2. Place for 
walking. [Fr. — L. pro, forward, andmino, drive.] 

PRG3IENADE (prom-en-ad'), vt. [pr.p. PROM- 
ENADING; p.t. and p.p. PROMENADED.] 
Take a walk for pleasure, exercise, or show. 

PROMETHEAN (pro-me'the-an), a. Life-giving, 
like the fire which (in the Greek myth) 
Prometheus stole from heaven; inspiring. 

Pr03IETHEUS (pro-me'the-us), n. Son of 
Iapetus; for stealing fire from heaven Zeus 
ordered him chained to a rock in 3It. Caucasus 
where an eagle daily consumed his liver, 
which grew again at night; released by Hercu- 
les. 

PROMINENCE (prom'i-nens), PROMINENCY 
(prom'i-nen-si), n. 1. Quality or state of 
being prominent. 2. That which is prominent. 
3. Distinction. 

PROMINENT (prom'i-nent), a. 1. Projecting; 
conspicuous. 2. Eminent; distinguished. 
[Fr. — L. promineo, jut forth.] 

STN. Jutting; protuberant; embossed; 
characteristic; distinctive. ANT. Receding; 
indented; hollowed; inconspicuous. 

PROMINENTLY (prom'i-nent-li), adv. In a 
prominent manner. 

PROMISCUOUS (pro-mis'ku-us), a. Mixed; con- 
fused; collected together without order; in- 
discriminate. [L. promiscuiis — pro, forth, and 
misceo, mix.] 

PROMISCUOUSLY (pro-mis'ku-us-li), adv. In 
a promiscuous manner. 

PROMISCUOUSNESS (pro-mis'ku-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being promiscuous. 

PR03IISE (prom'is), n. 1. Engagement to do, 
or not to do, something. 2. Expectation or 
that which affords expectation. [Fr. promessc 
— L. promissa — promltto, send forward.] 

PR03IISE (prom'is), v. [pr.p. PROMISING; p.t. 
and p.p. PROMISED (prom'ist).] I. vt. 1. 
3Iake an engagement to do. or not to do. 2. 
Afford reason to expect. 3. Engage to bestow. 
II. vi. 1. Assure one by a promise. 2. Afford 
reasonable ground of hope or expectation. 



PR03IISEE (prom-is-e), n. One to whom a 
promise is made. 

PR03IISER (prom'is-er), n. Promisor. 

PR03IISING (prom'is-ing), a. Affording ground 
for hope or expectation ; likely to turn out well. 

PR03IISOR (prom'is-ur, or prom-is-ar'), n% Law. 
One who promises; one who enters into a 
covenant. 

PR03IISSORY (prom'i-so-ri), a. Containing 
or of the nature of a promise ; as, a promissory 
note, a written promise to pay a certain sum 
at a certain time. 

PR03IONTORY (prom'un-to-ri), n. [pi. PROM- 
ONTORIES (prom'un-to-riz).] High cape; 
headland. [L. pro, forward, and, mons, montis, 
mountain.] 

PR03IOTE (pro-mot), vt. [pr.p. PROMOTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROMOTED.] 1. Advance; 
further; encourage. 2. Raise to a higher 
position. [L. promotus, p.p. of promoveo — 
pro, forward, and moveo, move.] 

PR03IOTER (pro-mo'ter), n. One who pro- 
motes; encourager; specifically, one who pro- 
motes a financial undertaking. 

PR03IOTION (pro-mo'shun), n. Advancement; 
encouragement; preferment. 

PR03IPT (prompt), a. 1. Prepared; ready. 2. 
Acting with alacrity. [L. promptus — promo, 
bring forward.] 

SYN. Quick; willing; early; timely; im- 
mediate ; punctual ; alert. ANT. Unready; 
sluggish. 

PR03IPT (prompt), vt. [pr.p. PROMPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROMPT'ED.] 1. 3Iove to action; 
incite. 2. Assist, as a speaker, by suggesting 
the words forgotten or next in order. 3. Sug- 
gest; inspire. 

PR03IPTER (prompter), n. One who prompts. 

PR03IPTITUDE (prompt'i-tud), tt. Readiness; 
quickness of decision and action. [Fr.] 

PR03IPTLY (prompt'li), adv. In a prompt 
manner. 

PR03IPTNESS (prompt'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being prompt. 

PR03IULGATE (pro-mul'gat), vt. [pr.p. PRO- 
MULGATING; p.t. and p.p. PROMULGA- 
TED.] Publish; proclaim. [L. promulgo.] 

PR03IULGATION (pro-mul-ga'shun), n. Act 
of promulgating. 

PRONE (pron), a. 1. Lying with the face down- 
ward; opposite of SUPINE. 2. Rending for- 
ward; running downward. 3. Disposed; in- 
clined. [L. promts.] 

PRONELY (pron'li), adv. In a prone manner 
or position. 

PRONENESS (pron'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being prone. 

PRONG (prang), n. Spike of a fork or other 
similar instrument. [Wei. procio, thrust.] 

PRON03IINAL (pro-nom'i-nal), a. Relonglng 
to, or of the nature of, a pronoun. 

PRON03IINALLY (pro-nom'i-nal-i), adv. In a 
pronominal manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, niit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PRONOUN 



872 



PROPHECY 



PRONOUN (pro'nown), n. Word used instead of 
a noun. [Fr. pronom — L. pronomen — pro, for, 
and nomcn, noun.] 

PRONOUNCE (pro-nowns'), vt. [pr.p. PRO- 
NOUNCING; p.t. and p.p. PRONOUNCED 
(pro-nownst').] 1. Utter; speak distinctly. 2. 
Utter formally. 3. Declare. [L. pronuncio — 
pro, forth, and nuncio, announce.] 

PRONOUNCEABLE (pro-nownsa-bl), a. Ca- 
pable of being pronounced. 

PRONOUNCER (pro-nown'ser), n. One who 
pronounces. 

PRONOUNCING (pro-nown'sing), a. Giving 
pronunciation. 

PRONUNCIAMENTO (pro-nun-si-a-men'to), n. 
Proclamation; formal declaration. [Sp. pro- 
nunciamiento.] 

PRONUNCIATION (pro-nun-si-a'shun), n. Act 
or mode of pronouncing; utterance. 

PRONUNCIATIVE (pro-nun'shi-a-tiv), a. Pro- 
nunciatory. 

PRONUNC1ATOR (pro-nun'shi-a-tur), n. Pro- 
nouncer. [L.] 

PRONUNCIATORT (pro-nun'shi-a-to-ri), a. Of 
or pertaining to pronunciation. 

PROOF (prof), I. n. 1. Any process to discover 
or establish a truth. 2. That which convinces; 
demonstration. 3. State of having been tested; 
firmness. 4. Firmness of mind. 5. Certain 
strength of alcoholic spirits. 6. Print. Im- 
pression taken for correction; proof-sheet. 7. 
Early impression of an engraving. II. a. 1. 
Firm in resisting. 2. Of a certain alcoholic 
strength. 3. Used to prove or test. [Fr. preuve 
— L. probo, prove.] 

PROOF-READER (prof'red-er), n. Person who 
reads printed proofs to discover and mark 
errors. 

PROOF-SHEET (prof'shet), n. Print. Impres- 
sion taken on a slip of paper for correction 
before printing finally. 

PROOF-SPIRIT (prof'spir-it), n. Alcoholic 
liquor which contains 0.57 of its volume of 
pure alcohol, and has a specific gravity of 
0.92. 

PROP (prop), n. Support; stay. [L. Ger. proppen, 
stuff. Cf. Ger. pfropf, stopper.] 

PROP (prop), vt. [pr.p. PROP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
PROPPED (propt).] 1. Support by placing 
something under or against. 2. Support or 
sustain in any way. 

PROPAGANDA (prop-a-gan'da), n. Institution 
for propagating a doctrine, or for proselyting; 
especially a committee of Roman Catholic 
cardinals superintending foreign missions. 

PROPAGATE (prop'a-gat), v. [pr.p. PROP'A- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. PROPAGATED.] I. vt. 

I. Multiply by generation or successive pro- 
duction; extend; produce. 2. Impel forward 
in space, as sound. 3. Extend the knowledge of. 

II. vi. Be reproduced or multiplied by genera- 
tion, or by new shoots. [L. propago,] 

PROPAGATION (prop-^a-ga'shun), n. 1. Act of 



propagating. 2. The spreading or extension 
of anything, as light, sound, energy, etc. 3. 
Increase ; enlargement. 

PROPAGATIVE (prop'a-ga-tiv), a. Tending to 
propagate ; propagating. 

PROPAGATOR (prop'a-ga-tiir), n, 1. One who 
propagates plants. 2. Disseminator; dif- 
fuser. 

PROPAROXYTONE (pro-par-oks'i-ton), a. Hav- 
ing the accent on the antepenult. [Gr. pro- 
paroxytonos.) 

PROPEL (pro-pel), vt. [pr.p. PROPEL'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROPELLED (pro-peld').] Drive 
forward; urge onward. [L. pro, forward, and 
pello, drive.] 

PROPELLER (pro-pel'er), n. 1. One who or 
that which propels. 2. Screw for propelling 
a steamboat. 3. Vessel thus propelled. 




Propeller. 

PROPENSITY (pro-pen'si-ti), n. [pi. PRO- 
PENSITIES (pro-pen'si-tiz).] Inclination of 
mind; tendency to good or evil; disposition. 
[L. propensus, hanging forward.] 

PROPER (proper), a. 1. One's own. 2. Natur- 
ally or essentially belonging to one; peculiar. 
3. Belonging to only one of a species (as a 
name). 4. Natural; suitable; correct; just; 
right; becoming. 5. Comely; pretty. 6. 
Rightly or properly so called. [Fr. propre — L. 
proprius.] 

PROPERLY (prop'er-li), adv. In a proper man- 
ner. 

PROPERNESS (prop'er-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being proper. 

PROPERTIED (prop'er-tid), a. Having prop- 
erty. 

PROPERTY (prop'er-ti), n. [pi. PROPERTIES 
(prop'er-tiz).] 1. Peculiar or essential quality; 
quality. 2. That which is or may be owned. 
3. Right of possessing, employing, etc.; 
ownership. 4. [pi.] Articles required by actors 
in a play. — Personal property, property that 
may attend the person of the owner, including 
stocks, bonds, notes, drafts, etc. — Meal prop- 
erty or real estate, lands, tenements, and 
hereditaments. [O. Fr. properte — L. proprietas 
— proprius, one's own, proper.] 

PROPHECY (prof'e-si), n. [pi. PROPH'ECIES.J 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; n5te, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, btirn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Mm, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. ' 



\ 



PROPHESY 



873 



PROSAIC 



Declaration of something to come; prediction. 
[O. Fr. prophecie — Gr. prophetcia.] 

PROPHESY (prof'e-si), v. [pr.p. PROPHESY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PROPHESIED (prof e-sid).] 
I. vt. 1. Foretell. 2. Speak by divine inspi- 
ration. II. vi. Act as a prophet; utter 
prophecies, [s has been arbitrarily substituted 
for c, to distinguish the verb from the noun.] 

PROPHET (prof'et), n. \fem. PROPHETESS.] 
1. One who proclaims or interprets the will of 
God. 2. One who predicts or foretells events. 
[Fr. — Gr. prophetes, one who speaks for an- 
other — pro, in behalf of, and phemi, speak.] 

PROPHETIC (pro-fetik), PROPHETICAL (pro- 
fet'ik-al), a. Containing prophecy; foreseeing 
or foretelling events. 

PROPHETICALLY (pro-fet'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
prophetic manner, 

PROPHYLACTIC (pro-fi-lak'tik), I. a. Pro- 
tecting against disease; II. n. That which 
protects against disease. [Gr. pro, before, and 
phylasso, guard.] 

PROPINQUITY (pro-ping'kwi-ti), n. Nearness 
in time, place, or blood ; proximity. [L. propin- 
quitas — propinquus, near.] 

PROPITIABLE (pro-pish'i-a-bl), a. That may 
be propitiated. 

PROPITIATE (pro-pish'i-at), v. [pr.p. PRO- 
PITIATING; p.t. and p.p. PROPI'TIATED.] 
1. vt. Render favorable; conciliate. II. vi. 
Offer propitiation. [L. propitio, propitiatum.] 

PROPITIATION (pro-pish-i-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of propitiating. 2. That which propitiates; 
atonement. 

PROPITIATOR (pro-pish'i-a-tur), n. One who 
propitiates. 

PROPITIATORY (pro-pish'i-a-to-ri), a. Having 
the power of propitiating. 

PROPITIOUS (pro-pish'us), a. Favorable; dis- 
posed to be gracious or merciful. [L. pro- 
pitius — prope, near.] 

PROPITIOUSLY (pro-pish'us-li), adv. In a pro- 
pitious manner. 

PROPITIOUSNESS (pro-pish'us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being propitious. 

PROPONENT (pro-po'nent), n. One who pro- 
poses. [L. proponens.] 

PROPORTION (pro-por'shun), n. 1. Relation 
of one thing to another in regard to mag- 
nitude. 2. Mutual fitness of parts; symmet- 
rical arrangement. 3. Math. Identity or 
equality of ratios. 4. Rule of three in which 
three terms are given to find a fourth. 5. 
Equal share. [L. pro, for, and portio, part.] 

PROPORTION (pro-por'shun), vt. [pr.p. PRO- 
PORTIONING; p.t. and p.p. PROPORTIONED 
(pr6-p6r'shund).l 1. Adjust. 2. Form sym- 
metrically. 

PROPORTIONAL (prd-pdr'shun-al), I. a. 1. 
Having a due proportion. 2. Relating to pro- 
portion. 3. Math. Having the same or a con- 
stant ratio. II. n. Math. Number or quan- 
tity in a proportion. 



PROPORTIONALLY (pro-por'shun-al-i), adv. 
In a proportional manner or degree. 

PROPORTIONATE (pro-por'shun-at), a. Ad- 
justed according to a proportion; proportional. 

PROPORTIONATELY (pro-por'shun-at-li), adv. 
In a proportionate manner. 

PROPOSAL (pro-po'zal), n. Proposition; offer; 
statement. 

PROPOSE (pro-poz'), v. [pr.p. PROPO'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROPOSED (pro-pozd').] I. vt. 
Offer for consideration, etc. II. vi. 3Iake a 
proposal; make an offer of marriage. [Fr. 
proposer — pro-, forth, and poser, place.] 

PROPOSER (pro-po'zer), n. One who proposes. 

PROPOSITION (prop-6-zish'un), n. 1. Offer of 
terms. 2. Act of stating anything. 3. That 
which is stated. 4. Gram, and Logic. Com- 
plete sentence, or one which affirms or denies 
something. 5. Math. Theorem or problem 
to be demonstrated or solved. 

PROPOSITIONAL (prop-6-zish'un-al), a. 1. 
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, a propo- 
sition. 2. Considered as a proposition. 

PROPOUND (pro-pownd), vt. [pr.p. PRO- 
POUNDING; p.t. and p.p. PROPOUNDED.] 
Offer for consideration. [Orig. PROPONE; 
from L. propono — pro, forth, and pono, place.] 

PROPOUNDER (pro-pownd'er), n. One who 
propounds. 

PROPRIETARY (pro-pri'et-a-ri), I. a. Belong- 
ing to a proprietor; pertaining to property. II. 
n. Proprietor; owner. — Proprietary medicine, 
patent medicine, 

PROPRIETOR (pro-pri'et-ur), n. [fern. PRO- 
PRIETRESS.] Owner. [O. Fr. proprieteur — 
L. proprieias, property.] 

PROPRIETORSHIP (pro-pri-et-ur-ship), n. 
State of being a proprietor; ownership. 

PROPRIETY (pro-pri'et-i), n. [pi. PROPRIET- 
IES (pro-prl'et-iz).] 1. State of being proper 
or right; fitness; accuracy. 2. Property; 
estate. [Fr. — L. proprieias — proprius, one's 
own.] 

PROPULSION (pro-pul'shun), n. Act of pro- 
pelling. 

PROPULSIVE (pro-pul'siv), a. Tending or hav- 
ing power to propel. 

PRO RATA (pro ra'ta). In proportion; pro- 
portionally. [L.] 

PRORATE (pro-rat), v. [pr.p. PRORATING; 
p.t. and p.p. PRORATED.] I. vt. Assess pro 
rata; divide proportionally. II. vi. 3Iake a 
pro rata allotment. 

PROROGATION (pro-ro-ga'shun), n. Act of 
proroguing. 

PROROGUE (pro-rog), vt. [pr.p. PROROGU- 
ING (pro-rog'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. PROROGUED 
(pro-rogd').] Terminate one session of and 
continue to another. [L. prorogo — pro, for- 
ward, and rogo, ask.] 

PROSAIC (pro-za'ik), PROSAICAL (pro-za'ik- 
al), a. 1. Pertaining to prose; like prose. 2. 
Commonplace. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
ii-u in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PROSCENIUM 



874 



PROTASIS 



PROSCENIUM (pro-se'ni-um), n. Front part 
of the stage. [L. — Gr. proskgnion — pro, be- 
fore, and skSne, stage.] 
PROSCRIBE (pro-skrib), vt. [pr.p. PROSCRI- 
BING; p.t. and p.p. PROSCRIBED (pro- 
skrlbd').] 1. Publish the names of (persons 
to be punished by death); outlaw. 2. Banish. 
3. Prohibit. 4. Denounce, as a doctrine. 
[L. pro, publicly, and scribo, write.] 
PROSCRIBER (pro-skri'ber), n. One who pro- 
scribes. 

PROSCRIPTION (pro-skrip'shun), n. Act of 
proscribing. [Fr. — L.] 

PROSCRIPTIVE (pro-skrip'tiv), a. Pertaining 
to, or consisting in, proscription. 

PROSE (proz), I. n. Speech or writing not 
arranged in poetical measures; composition 
not in verse. II. a. 1. Pertaining to prose; 
not poetical. 2. Plain; dull. [L. prosa — 
prorsus, straightforward.] 

PROSECTOR (pro-sek'tur), n. One who pre- 
pares a cadaver for anatomical demonstration 
by a professor. [L.L. — L. pro-, before, and 
sector, one who cuts.] 

PROSECUTE (pros'e-kut), v. [pr.p. PROSECU- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PROSECUTED.] I. vt. 1. 
Continue. 2. Pursue by law; take legal action 
against. II. vi. Carry on a legal prosecution. 
[L. prosequor.] 

PROSECUTION (pros-e-ku'shun), n. 1. Act of 
prosecuting. 2. Criminal suit. 3. Prosecutor, 
or prosecutors collectively. 

PROSECUTOR (pros'e-ku-tur), n. [fern. PROS- 
ECUTRIX.] One who prosecutes. 

PROSELYTE (pros'e-lit), n. One who has come 
over to a religion or opinion; convert. [Gr. 
prosSlytos — pros, to, and erchomai, elython, 
come.] 

PROSELYTE (pros'e-lit), v. [pr.p. PROSELY- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PROSELYTED.] I. vt. 
" Make proselytes or converts of. II. vi. Make, 
or endeavor to make, converts. 

PROSELYTISM (pros'e-ii-tizm), n. Act or prac- 
tice of proselytizing or of making converts. 

PROSELYTIZE (prose-li-tiz), v. [pr.p. PROS- 
ELYTIZING; p.t. and p.p. PROSELYTIZED 
(pros'e-li-tizd).] I. vt. Make a proselyte or 
convert of. II. vi. Make, or endeavor to 
make, proselytes. 

PROSERPINE (pros'er-pin), n. Rom. Myth. 
Daughter of Ceres, became queen of the in- 
fernal regions by marrying Pluto. 

PROSINESS(pro'zi-nes), n. Tediousness. 

PROSIT (prosit), inter j. To your health ! [L. 
May it do you good!] 

PROSODY (pros'6-di), n. That part of grammar 
which treats of quantity, accent, and the laws 
of verse or versification. [Gr. prosodia, song.] 

PROSPECT (pros'pekt), n. 1. View; object of 
view; scene. 2. Expectation. 3. Object of 
hope. 4. Position, as of the front of a building, 
etc. [L. pro, forward, and specio, look.] 

PROSPECT, pros'pekt), v. [pr.p. PROSPECTING; 



p.t. and p.p. PROSPECTED.] I. vt. Mining. 
Examine or explore for deposits of gold, silver, 
etc.; as, to prospect a claim. II. vi. Search for 
mines or deposits of gold, silver, etc. 

PROSPECTER (pros'pekt-m), n. Same as 
PROSPECTOR. 

PROSPECTIVE (pro-spek'tiv), a. 1. Relating 
to the future. 2. Being in expectation; prob- 
able. 

PROSPECTIVELY (pro-spek'tiv-li), adv. In a 
prospective manner. 

PROSPECTOR (pros'pect-ur), n. One who pros- 
pects for gold, silver, etc. 

PROSPECTUS (pro-spek'tus), n. Outline or plan 
of a literary work or proposed undertaking. 

PROSPER (prosper), v. [pr.p. PROSPERING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROSPERED (pros'perd).] I. vt. 
Make successful. II. vi. Be prosperous; 
succeed. 

PROSPERITY (pros-per'i-ti), n. State of being 
prosperous; success. 

SYN. Good fortune; weal; welfare; well- 
being; happiness; thrift. ANT. Adversity; 
failure ; reverse. 

PROSPEROUS (pros'per-us), a. 1. Favorable. 

2. Successful. [L. pro, in accordance with, 
and spes, hope.] 

PROSPEROUSLY (pros'per-us-li), adv. In a 
prosperous manner. 

PROSTITUTE (pros'ti-tut), vt. [pr.p. PROS'TI- 
TUTING; p.t. and p.p. PROSTITUTED.] 1. 
Sell to lewdness. 2. Devote to an improper 
purpose. [L. prostituo, place in front — pro, 
before, and statuo, place — sto, stand.] 

PROSTITUTE (pros'ti-tut), I. a. Openly de- 
voted to lewdness. II. n. Immoral woman. 

PROSTITUTION (pros-ti-tu'shun), n. Act or 
practice of prostituting. 

PROSTRATE (pros'trat), vt. [pr.p. PROSTRA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. PROSTRATED.] l.Throw 
forward on the ground; lay flat. 2. Over- 
throw. 3. Sink totally. 4. Bow in humble 
reverence. [L. prostratus, p.p. of prosterno, 
strew before — pro, before, and sterno, strew.] 

PROSTRATE (pros'trat), a. 1. Thrown for- 
wards on the ground; lying at length. 2. 
Lying at mercy. 3. Bent in adoration. 

PROSTRATION (pros-tra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
throwing down or laying flat. 2. Dejection. 

3. Complete loss of strength. 

PROSY (pro'zi), o. [comp. PRO'SIER; superl. 
PRO'SIEST.] Dull; tedious. 

PROTAGONIST (prot-ag'o-nist), n. Leading 
character, especially In a play. [Gr. protos, 
first, and agonistes, combatant.] 

PROTANOPIA (pro-ta-no'pi-a), n. Form of 
color-blindness in which red and green appear 
gray, and the brightest part of the spectrum 
is the normal yellow-green. [Gr. protos, first, 
and ops, eye.] 

PROTASIS (prot'a-sis), n. "If" clause of a con- 
ditional sentence, the main term being called 
the apodosis. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PROTEAN 



875 



PROTRUDE 



PROTEAN (pro'te-an or pro-te'an), a. Readily 
assuming different shapes. [From Proteus, 
the sea-god, fabled to have the power of 
changing himself into an endless variety of 
forms.] 

PROTECT (pro-tekf), vt. [pr.p. PROTECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROTECT 'ED.] Shelter from in- 
jury. [L. pro, before, and tego, cover.] 

SYN. Defend; guard; shield; fortify; 
cover; secure. ANT. Betray; endanger; 
imperil; abandon; expose. 

PROTECTION (pro-tek'shun), w. 1. Defense; 
preservation; security; guard. 2. System of 
fostering home industries by imposing import 
duties. 

PROTECTIONIST (pro-tek'shun-ist), n. One 
who favors the system of protection of home 
Industries. 

PROTECTIVE (pro-tek'tiv), a. 1. Affording 
protection. 2. Based on the principle of 
protection to home Industries; as, a protective 
tariff. 

PROTECTOR (pro-tekt'ur), n, [fern, PROTECT'- 
RESS.] One who or that which protects from 
injury or oppression; guardian; regent. 

PROTECTOR AL (pro-tektur-al), PROTECTO- 
RIAL (pro-tek-to'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a pro- 
tector or regent. 

PROTECTORATE (pro-tekt'ur-at), n. 1. Gov- 
ernment by a protector. 2. Authority as- 
sumed by a superior power over a weaker one, 
for the sake of protecting and controlling it. 

PROTECTORSHIP (pro-tektur-ship), n. Office 
of a protector or regent; protectorate. 

PROTEGE (pro-ta-zha/). n. [/em. PROTEGEE 
(pro-ta-zha/).] One under the protection of 
another. [Fr.] 

PROTEID (pro'te-id), n. Compound of hy- 
drogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sul- 
phur found in vegetable and animal organisms. 
[Gr. protos, first.] 

PROTEIN (pro'te-in), ». 1. Hypothetical nitrog- 
enous substance, formerly supposed to be an 
essential part of all food. 2. Proteid. [Gr. 
protos, first.l 

PRO TEMPORE (pro tem'po-re). For the time 
being. [L.] 

PROTEST (pro-test'), v. [pr.p. PROTESTING ; 
p.t. and p.p. PROTEST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Make a 
solemn declaration of. 2. Note formally the 
non-acceptance or non-payment of, as a 
promissory note or bill of exchange. II. vi. 
1. Declare or affirm solemnly; asseverate. 2. 
Enter a formal dissent. [L. protestor — pro, 
before, and testis, witness.] 

PROTEST (pro'test), n. 1. Formal declaration 
of dissent. 2. Attestation by a notary public 
of an unpaid or unaccepted bill. 

PROTESTANT (prot'es-tant), I. a. Pertaining 
to the faith of those who dissent from the 
doctrines of the Roman Catholic Church. II. 
n. 1. Orig. one of those who, in 1529, pro- 
tested against an edict of Charles V and the 



Diet of Spires. 2. Dissenter from the doctrines 
of the Roman Catholic Church. 

Protestantism (prot'es-tant-izm), n. 1. 

Protestant religion. 2. State of being a 
Protestant. 

PROTESTATION (prot-es-ta'shun), n. 1. Solemn 
declaration. 2. Declaration of dissent. 

PROTESTER (pro-test'er), n. One who protests. 

PROTEUS (pro'te-us), n. Greek Myth. A marine 
deity who foretold events, and could transform 
himself into all shapes. 

PROTHORAX (pro-tho'rax), n. Anterior division 
of the thorax in insects, bearing the front pair 
of legs. [PRO- and THORAX.] 

PROTO-, prefix. Used to express priority. [Gr. 
protos, first.] 

PROTOCOL (pro'to-kol), n. 1. First copy of a 
document. 2. Minutes of a diplomatic con- 
ference; rough draft of a treaty. [Gr. protos, 
first, and holla, glue.] 

PROTOPLASM (pro'to-plazm), n. Homogene- 
ous, structureless substance, the physical basis 
of life, capable of growth and secretion. [Gr. 
prdtos, first, and plasma, form.] 

PROTOTYPE (pro'to-tip), n. Model after which 
anything is copied; exemplar; pattern. 

PROTOXID (pro-toks'id), n. Of a series of oxids 
that one which has only one oxygen atom. 

PROTOZOA (pro-to-zo'a), n.pl. One-celled 
or first formed animals; one of the seven 
great tribes of the animal kingdom. [Gr. 
protos, first, and zoon, animal.] 

PROTRACT (pro-trakf), vt. [pr.p. PROTRACT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PROTRACT ED.] 1. Lengthen 
in time ; prolong. 2. Draw to a scale. [L. pro, 
forth, and traho, draw.] 

PROTRACTION (pro-trak'shun), n. Act of pro- 
tracting. 

PROTRACTIVE (pro-trakt'iv), o. Prolonging; 
delaying. 

PROTRACTOR (pro-trakt'ur), n. 1. One who 
or that which protracts. 2. Mathematical 
instrument for laying down angles on paper, 
used in surveying, etc. 3. Muscle which ex- 
tends or draws a part forward; opposed to 
RETRACTOR. 




Protractor. 

PROTRUDE (pro-tr5d'), v. [pr.p. PROTRU'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. PROTRU'DED.) I. vt. 1. 
Thrust or push forward. 2. Cause to project. 
II. vi. Be thrust forward; project. [L. pro- 
trudo — pro, forward, and trudo, thrust.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. < 



PROTRUSION 



876 



PROVOKINGLY 




Act of pro- 




Changes in a sun-protuberance 
within fifteen minutes. 

Cavity; concavity; inden- 

Swelling 



PROTRUSION (pro-tro'zhun), n. 
trading or state 
of being pro- 
truded. 

PROTUBER- 
ANCE (pro-tu'- 
ber-ans), n. 
A n y t h i n g 
pushed beyond 
the surface. 

SYN. Prom- 
inence; projec- 
tion; convex- 
ity; lump. ANT. 
tation; hollow. 

PROTUBERANT (pro-tu'ber-ant), 
out; prominent. 

PROUD (prowd), a. 1. Having excessive self- 
esteem; arrogant; haughty. 2. Having justi- 
fiable esteem. 3. High-spirited. 4. Giving 
ground for pride. [A. S. prut,] 

PROUB-FLESH (prowd'flesh), n. Fleshy ex- 

• crescence arising in wounds or ulcers. 

PROUDLY (prowd'li), adv. In a proud manner. 

PROVE (prov), v. [pr.p. PROVING; p.t. and 
p.p. PROVED (provd).] I. vt. 1. Try by ex- 
periment or test or standard. 2. Try by suffer- 
ing. 3. Establish by evidence. 4. Experience; 
suffer. 5. Print. Take a proof of. II. vi. 1. 
Make trial. 2. Be shown afterwards. [O. 
Fr. provcr — L. probo.] 

SYN. Test; demonstrate; show; confirm; 
justify; verify; substantiate; manifest; turn 
out. ANT. Pass; refute; disprove; contra- 
dict. 

PROVEN (prov'n), p.p. Same as PROVED. 

PROVENDER (prov'en-der), n. Food for beasts, 
as hay or corn; fodder. [M. E. provende — L.L. 
prcebenda, daily allowance of food.] 

PROVER (prov'er), n. One who or that which 
proves. 

PROVERB (prov'erb), n. 1. Short familiar sen- 
tence, forcibly expressing a truth or moral 
lesson; adage. 2. By-word. [L. pro, publicly, 
and vcrbum, word.] 

PROVERBIAL (pro-ver'bi-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to proverbs; mentioned in or resembling a 
proverb. 2. Widely spoken of. 

PROVERBIALLY (pro-verhi-al-i), adv. In a 
proverbial manner. 

PROVIDE (pro-vld'), v. [pr.p. PEOVI'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROVIDED.] I. vt. 1. Make 
ready beforehand; prepare. 2. Supply. 3. 
Stipulate as a condition. II. vi. 1. Procure 
supplies or means of defense. 2. Take meas- 
ures. 3. Bargain previously. [L. pro, be- 
fore, and video, see.] 

PROVIDED (pro-vided), con}. On condition 
that. 

PROVIDENCE (prov'i-dens),n. Capital of Rhode 
Island. 

PRO VTDENCE (prov'i-dens), n. 1. Timely prep- 
aration. 2. Foresight and care of God over 



all his creatures. 3. [P-] God. 4. Prudence in 
managing one's affairs. [Fr. — L. providentia.] 

PROVIDENT (prov'i-dent), a. Providing for the 
future; cautious; prudent. [L. providens.] 
SYN. Economical; frugal; thrifty; fore- 
seeing; cautious; considerate. 

PROVIDENTIAL (prov-i-den'shal), a. Proceed- 
ing from divine providence. 

PROVIDENTIALLY (prov-i-den'shal-i), adv. 
In a providential manner. 

PROVIDENTLY (provi-dent-li), adv. In a 
provident manner. 

PROVIDER (pro-vi'der), n. One who or that 
which provides. 

PROVINCE (provins), n. 1. Portion of an em- 
pire or state. 2. Business; duty; sphere; de- 
partment of knowledge. [L. provincia.] 

PROVINCIAL (pro-vin'shal), I. a. 1. Relating 
to a province, used of a small district only; 
countrified. 2. Local; rude; unpolished. II. 
n. 1. Inhabitant of a province or country dis- 
trict. 2. In the Roman Catholic Church, 
superintendent of the heads of the religious 
houses in a province. 

PROVINCIALISM (pro-vin'shal-izm), n. 1. 
Mode of speech peculiar to a province. 2. 
Acceptance of peculiar local views as uni- 
versally valid. 

PROVINCIALLY (pro-vin'shal-i), adv. In a 
provincial manner. 

PROVISION (pro-vizh'un), n. 1. Act of provi- 
ding. 2. That which is provided or prepared. 

3. Measures taken beforehand ; preparation. 

4. Previous agreement; condition. 5. Store 
of food; provender. 

PROVISION (pro-vizh'un), vt. [pr.p. PROVI- 
SIONING; p.t. and p.p. PROVISIONED (pro- 
vizh/und).] Supply with provisions or food. 
[See PROVIDE.] 

PROVISIONAL (pro-vizh'un-al), a. Provided 
for an occasion; temporary. 

PROVISO (pro-vi'zo), n. [pi. PROVISOS (pro- 
vi'zoz.] Condition; stipulation. [From the L. 
phrase proviso quod, it being provided that.] 

PROVISORILY (pio-vl'zo-ri-li), adv. In a pro- 
visory manner; conditionally; temporarily. 

PROVISORY (pro-vi'zo-ri), a. 1. Containing 
a condition; conditional. 2. Making tem- 
porary provision; temporary. 

PROVOCATION (proV-o-ka'shun), w. 1. Act of 
provoking. 2. That which provokes. [See 
PROVOKE.] 

PROVOCATIVE (pro-vok'a-tiv), I. a. Tending 
to provoke or excite. II. n. Anything tending 
to provoke or stimulate. 

PROVOKE (pro-vok), vt. [pr.p. PROVO'KING; 
p.t. and p.p. PROVOKED (pro-vokt').] Excite 
to action; excite with anger; offend. [Fr. 
provoquer — L. pro, forth, and voco, call.] 

PROVOKING (pro-vo'king), a. Tending to pro- 
voke; annoying; exasperating. 

PROVOKINGLY (pro-vo'king-li), adv. In a 
provoking manner or degree. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



PROVOST 



877 



PSEPHOGRAPH 



PROVOST (prov'ust) ; in compounds pro'vo), n. 
Superintendent. 

PROVOST-MARSHAL (pro'vo-mar-shal), n. Of- 
ficer of the army or navy with special powers 
for enforcing discipline. [O. Fr. — L. pro- 
positus — pros, over, and pono, place.] 

PROW (prow), n. Forepart of a ship; bow. [Fr. 
proue — Gr. prora — pro, before.] 

PROWESS (prow' es), n. Bravery; valor. [O. Fr. 
protiessc — prou, brave.] 

PROWL, (prowl), vi. Rove in search of prey or 
plunder. [From root of PREY.] 

PROWLER (prowl'er), n. One who or that 
which prowls. 

PROXIMATE (proks'i-mat), a. Nearest; near 
and immediate. [L. proximus, next.] 

PROXIMATELY (proks'i-mat-li), adv. In a 
proximate manner, position, or degree. 

PROXIMITY (proks-im'i-ti), n. Immediate 
nearness. 

PROXIMO (proks'i-mo), adv. In the next month. 
[L., abl. of proximus.] 

PROXY (proks'i), n. [pi. PROXIES (proks'iz).] 
1. Agency of one who acts for another. 2. 
One who acts for another. 3. Writing by 
which one is deputed. [From PROCURACY.] 

PRUDE (prod), n. Woman of affected modesty. 
[Fr. — O. Fr. prode, fern, of prou, prod, excel- 
lent.] 

PRUDENCE (pro'dens), n. Quality of being 
prudent; wisdom applied to practice; caution. 
[Fr. — L. prudentia, foresight, prudence.] 

PRUDENT (prodent), a. 1. Provident; cautious 
and wise. 2. Economical. [L. prudens, contr. 
of providens, foreseeing.] 

SYN. Careful; discreet; foreseeing; sensi- 
ble; sagacious; judicious; frugal; wary; 
circumspect. ANT. Imprudent; indiscreet; 
rash. 

PRUDENTIAL (pro-den'shai), a. 1. Proceeding 
from or dictated by prudence. 2. Advisory. 

PRUDENTIALLY (pro-den'shal-i), adv. In a 
prudential manner. 

PRUDENTLY (pro'dent-li), adv. In a prudent 
manner. 

PRUDERY (pro'der-i), n. Manners of a prude. 

PRUDISH (pro'disH), a. Affectedly modest or 
reserved; over-precise. 

PRUDISHLY (pro'dish-li), adv. In a prudish 
manner. 

PRUNE (pron), vt. [pr.p. PRUNING; p.t. and 
p.p. PRUNED (prond).] 1. Trim, as trees or 
branches, by lopping off superfluous parts. 2. 
Trim or dress with the bill, as a bird; preen. 
[Fr. provigner, propagate by slips — L. pro- 
pago. See PROPAGATE.] 

PRUNE (pron), n. Dried plum. [Fr. — L. prunum 
— Gr. prounon.] 

PRUNELLA (pro-nel'a), PRUNELLO (pro-nel- 
6), n. Strong, woolen stuff, used for women's 
shoes. [Prob. from prune, plum color.] 

PRUNELLE (pro-nel'), n. Fine grade of prune, 
with skin and stone removed. 




Pruning-hook. 



PRUNER (pro'ner), n. One who or that which 

prunes. 
PRUNING-HOOK (pro'- 

ning-hok), n. Device 

whereby high trees may 

be pruned or trimmed 

of decayed branches 

without ascending the 

trees. 
PRURIENCE (pro'ri-ens), 

PRURIENCY (prori- 

en-si), n. Quality or 

state of being prurient. 
PRURIENT (prori-ent), 

a. 1. Itching; craving. 

2. Uneasy with desire; 

sensual. [L. prurio, itch.] 

Prussia (prush'a), n. 

Chief state of German 
Empire. Area 136,076 sq. m. 

PRUSSIAN (prush'an), I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Prussia. II. n. Native 
or inhabitant of Prussia. — ■ 
Prussian blue, cyanide of 
potassium and iron. 

PRUSSIC (prus'ik), a. Re- 
lated to Prussian blue. — ■ 
Prussic acid, hydrocyanic 
acid. 

PRY (prl), vi. [pr.p. PRY'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PRIED 
(prid).] Search with im- 
pertinent curiosity. [Doub- 
let of PEER.] 

PRY (prl), n. [pi. PRIES 
(prlz).] Large lever used 
to raise, move, or force open substances. 

PRY (prl), vt. [pr.p. PRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PRIED (prid).] Move or raise by means of a 
pry or lever. 

PRYING (pri'ing), a. Inquisitive; peeping; cu- 
rious. 

PRYINGLY (pri'ing-li), adv. In a prying or in- 
quisitive manner. 

PSALM (sam), n. Sacred song. — The Psalms, 
one of the books of the Old Testament. [Gr. 
psalmos — psallo, twang.] 

PSALMIST (siim/ist), n. Composer of psalms. 

PSALMODIC (sal-modik), PSALMODICAL (sal- 
mod'ik-al), a. Pertaining to psalmody. 

PSALMODIST (sal'mod-ist), n. Singer of psalms. 

PSALMODY (sal'mo-di), n. 1. Singing of psalms. 
2. Psalms collectively. [Gr. psalmodia, sing- 
ing to the harp.] 

PSALTER (sal'ter), n. Book of Psalms, espe- 
cially when separately printed. [O. Fr. 
psaltier — L. psalterium.] 

PSALTERY (sal'ter-i), n. [pi. PSAL'TERIES.] 
Stringed instrument of the Jews. [Gr. psal- 
tirion.] 

PSEPHOGRAPH (se'fo-graf), n. Device to 
register public opinions at theaters by means 
of a slot arrangement in which a disk is 




Nicholas Coperni- 
cus, Prussian As- 
tronomer. Born 
1473— died 1543. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in. Scotch loch. 



PSEUD O- 



878 



PUCK 



dropped denoting favorable or unfavorable 
expressions as the case may be, the total being 
shown when the last disk has been dropped. 
[Gr. psephos, smooth stone used in voting, 
and -GRAPH.] 

PSEUDO-, prefix. False ; fictitious ; spurious. [Gr.] 

PSEUDONYM (su'do-nim), n. Fictitious name 
assumed, as by an author. [Fr. — Gr. pseudes, 
false, and onytna, name.] 

PSEUDONYMOUS (su-don'i-mus), a. Bearing 
a fictitious name. 

PSEUDOSCOPE (su'do-skop), n. Stereoscope 
showing concave parts convex, and vice versa. 
[PSEUDO- and -SCOPE.] 

PSEUDOSCOPIC (su-do-skop'ik), a. Pertaining 
to optical Illusion, especially 
In judging relative distance 
and size. See the cut repre- 
senting two trapezoids that 
are exactly alike. 

PSHAW (sha), inter j. Signifies 
contempt. 

PSYCHE Csi'ke), n. 1. Greek 
Myth. A nymph beloved by 
Eros and made immortal by 
Zeus. 2. Personification of 
the soul. 

PSYCHIATRY (si-ki'a-tri), n. 
Branch of medicine rela- 
ting to mental diseases. [Gr. p sel 
psychs, soul, or mind, and Illusion. 

iatros, physician — iaomai, heal.] 

PSYCHIC (sl'kik), PSYCHICAL (si'klk-al), a. 1. 
Pertaining to the soul, or living principle in 
man. 2. Pertaining to the science of mind; 
opposed to PHYSICAL.. 

PSYCHOLOGIC (si-ko-loj'ik), PSYCHOLOGIC- 
AL (si-ko-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to psy- 
chology. 

PSYCHOLOGICALLY (si-ko-loj'ik-al-i), adv. 
In a psychological manner. 

PSYCHOLOGY (si-kol'o-ji), n. Science which 
classifies and analyzes the phenomena of the 
human mind. [Gr. psyche", soul, and logos, 
treatise.] 

PSYCHOPATHOLOGY (si-ko-pa-thol'o-ji), n. 
Study of mental abnormality and disease. 

PSYCHOSIS (si-ko'sis), n. 1. Slental state. 2. 
Change in consciousness. 3. Any form of 
insanity. 

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC (si-ko-ther-a-putik), 
a. Pertaining to psychotherpy. 

PSYCHOTHERAPEUTICS (si-ko-ther-a-pu- 
tiks), n. Same as PSYCHO- 
THERAPY. 

PSYCHOTHERAPY (si-ko- 
ther'a-pi), n. Treatment 
of functional diseases by 
mental suggestion. 

PTAR3IIGAN (tar'ml-gan), n. 

Species of grouse with f eath- Ptarmigan 
ered toes, inhabiting the tops of mountains or 
arctic regions. [Gael, tarmachan.] 





Pterodactyl. 



PTERODACTYL (ter-o-dak'til), n. Extinct sau- 
rian with enormous wings. [Gr. 
pteron, wing, and daktylos, fin- 

PTOLEMAIC (tol-em-a'ik), a. 

Relating to the astronomer 

Ptolemy, who assumed the 

earth to be the center of the 

universe. 
PTOMAIN, PTOMAINE (to'ma- 

in), n. Putrescent product of 

animal origin and of a basis of 

alkaloidal nature, especially 

when formed by the action of 

pathogenic bacteria. [Gr. ptoma, dead body.] 
PUBERTY (pu'ber-ti), n. Age of full develop- 
ment; early manhood or womanhood. [L. 

pubertas.] 
PUBESCENT (pu-bes'ent), a. 1. Arriving at 

puberty. 2. Bot. and Zool. Covered with soft, 

short hair. [L. puhescens — pubes, adult.] 
PUBLIC (pub'lik), I. a. Of or belonging to the 

people; general; common to all; generally 

known. II. n. People. [L. publicus — populus, 

people.] 
PUBLICAN (pub'li-kan), n. 1. In England, the 

keeper of an inn or public-house. 2. Origi- 
nally, farmer-general of the Roman public 

revenue; tax-collector. [L. publicanus.] 
PUBLICATION (pub-li-kashun), n. 1. Act of 

publishing or making public. 2. Act of 

printing and sending forth to the public, as a 

book. 3. That which is published. 
PUBLIC-HOUSE (pub'lik-hows), n. House open 

to the public; house of public entertainment. 
PUBLICIST (pub'li-sist), n. One who writes 

on, or is skilled in, public law, or current 

political topics. 
PUBLICITY (pub-lis'i-ti), n. Openness to pub- 
lic knowledge; notoriety. 
PUBLICLY (publik-li), adv. 1. Openly; in 

public. 2. In the name of the community. 
PUBLIC-SPIRITED (publik-spir-it-ed), o. With 

a regard to the public interest. 
PUBLISH (publish), vU 

[pr.p. PUBLISHING; 

p.t. and p.p. PUBLISHED 

(pub'lisht).] 1. Make 

public; reveal. 2. Print 

and offer for sale; put 

into circulation. [Fr. — 

L. publico — publicus.] 
PUBLISHER (pub'lish-er), 

n. One who publishes, 

especially books or peri- 
odicals. 
PUCCOON (puk-kon'), n. 

Bot . Plant having many 

of the characteristics of 

the poppy, used by the N. 

American Indians as a 

deep orange face stain. 
PUCK (puk), n. 1. Mischievous fairy in Shake- 




Puccoon (Lithosper- 
mum hirtum). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



PUCKER 



879 



PULLET 






speare's "Midsummer Night's Dream." 2. [p-] 
Goblin; mischievous sprite, [lr. puca, sprite.] 

PUCKER (puk'er), v. [pr.p. PUCK'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. PUCKERED (puk'erd).] I. vt. Gather 
into folds; wrinkle. II. vt. Become wrinkled. 
[From POKE, bag.] 

PUCKER (puk'er), n. Fold or wrinkle; number 
of folds or wrinkles. 

PUCKER Y (puker-i), a. 1. Full of puckers. 2. 
Astringent. 

PUDDING (pod'ing), n. 1. Intestine filled with 
meat; large sausage. 2. Soft kind of food, 
of flour, milk, eggs, etc. used, for dessert. 
[Influenced by Fr. boudin, blood-sausage. Ir. 
putog — pot, bag.] 

PUDDLE (pud'l), n. 1. Small pool of muddy 
water. 2. Mixture of clay and sand worked 
together and made impervious to water. [Celt. 
plod, pool.] 

PUDDLE (pud'l), vt. [pr.p. PUD'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. PUDDLED (pud'ld).] 1. Make muddy. 
2. Convert into wrought iron by expelling 
the oxygen and carbon through stirring while 
in molten condition. 

PUDDLER (pud'ler), n. One who puddles. 

PUDDLING (pud'ling), n. 1. Process of con- 
verting pig iron into wrought iron. 2. Act 
of rendering impervious to water by means of 
puddle. 

PUDGY (puj'i), a. Short and fat. 

PuEBLA(pweb'la), n. Capital of State of same 
name in Mexico. 

PUEBLO (pweb'lo), n. [pi. PUEBLOS (pweb'- 
loz).] 1. One of the communal habitations of 
the New Mexico aborigines. 2. Adobe vil- 
lage or settlement. [Sp., village.] 

PUERILE (pu'er-il), a. Of or pertaining to a 
child; juvenile; childish. [L. puerilis — puer, 
boy.] 

SYN. Childish; trifling; silly. ANT. Vig- 
orous; manly; cogent. 

PUERILELY (pu'er-ii-i), adv. In a puerile man- 
ner. 

PUERILITY (pu-er-il'i-ti), n. [pi. PUERILI- 
TIES.] 1. Quality of being puerile. 2. That 
which is puerile ; childish act or expression. 

PUFF (puf), v. [pr.p. PUFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PUFFED (puft).] I. vi. 1. Blow in puffs or 
whiffs. 2. Swell or fill with air. 3. Breathe 
with vehemence. 4. Blow at, in contempt. 
5. Bustle about. II. vt. 1. Drive with a 
puff. 2. Swell with wind. 3. Praise in ex- 
aggerated terms. [Imitative.] 

PUFF (puf), n, 1. Sudden, forcible breath; 
sudden blast of wind; gust or whiff. 2. Fun- 
gous ball containing dust; anything light and 
porous, or swollen and light. 3. Kind of light 
pastry. 4. Exaggerated expression of praise. — 
Puff-paste, rich dough for light, friable pastry. 

PUFFER (puf er), n. One who puffs. 

PUFFERY (puf'er-i), n. Puffing or extravagant 
praise. 

PUFFILY (puf'i-Ii), adv. In a puffy manner. 



PUFFIN (puf 'in), n. Water-fowl having a short, 

thick, many-colored beak. 
PUFFINESS (puf'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being puffy. 
PUFFY (puf'i), a. 1. Swollen. 2. Bombastic. 

3. Gusty. 
PUG (pug), n. 1. Monkey. 2. Kind of dog. 

[Corrup. of PUCK.] 
PUGET (pu'jet) SOUND. Bay In N. W. of State 

of Washington. Area 2,000 sq. m. 
PUGILISM (pu'jil-Izm), n. Art of boxing or 

fighting with the fists. [L. pugil, boxer.] 
PUGILIST (pu'jil-ist), w. One who fights with 

his fists; boxer; prize-fighter. 
PUGILISTIC (pu-jil-istik), a. Pertaining to 

pugilists or pugilism. 
PUGNACIOUS (pug-na'shus), a. Combative; 

quarrelsome. [L. pugnax — pugno, fight.] 
PUGNACIOUSLY (pug-na'shus-11), adv. In a 

pugnacious manner. 
PUGNACIOUSNESS (pug-na'shus-nes), n. Quar 

relsomeness; pugnacity. 
PUGNACITY (pug-nas'i-ti), n. Quality or state 

of being pugnacious. 
PUG-NOSE (pug'noz), n. Short, thick nose with 

the tip turned up. 
PUG-NOSED (pug'nozd), a. Having a pug-nose. 
PUGREE (pug're), n. Light scarf worn round 

the hat to keep off the sun. [Hind, pagrl, 

turban.] 
PUISNE (pu'ne), a. Law. Inferior in rank, as 

certain judges in England. [O. Fr., from puis, 

after, and ne, born.] 
PUISSANCE (pu'is-sans), n. Power; force; 

strength. [Fr., from puissant.] 
PUISSANT (pu'is-sant), a. 1. Powerful. 2. 

Forcible. [Fr. — L. potens, potent.] 
PUKE (puk), v. [pr.p. PU'KING; p.t. and p.p. 

PUKED (pukt).] I. vt. Cause to vomit. II. 

vi. Vomit. 
PUKE (puk), n. 1. Act of vomiting. 2. Emetic. 

3. Disgusting person. 
PULCHRITUDE (pul'kri-tud), n. Beauty; grace, 

especially of the soul. [L. pulchritudo.] 
PULE (pul), vi. [pr.p. PU'LING; p.t. and p.p. 

PULED (puld).] Cry, whimper, or whine, like 

a child. [Fr. piauler. Imitative.] 
PULER (pu'ler), n. One who whines or whim- 
pers. 
PULL (pol), v. [pr.p. PULLING; p.t. and p.p. 

PULLED (pold).] I. vt. 1. Draw forcibly; 

drag; haul. 2. Gather with the hand; pluck. 

3. Draw out; extract. 4. Row; as, to pull a 

boat. 5. Print. Produce on a press worked 

by hand; as, to pull a proof. II. vi. Give a 

pull; tug. [A. S. pullian.] 
PULL (pol), n. 1. Act of pulling. 2. Struggle; 

contest. 3. Handle, knob, etc. 4. Influence. 
PULLBACK (pol'bak), n. 1. Device for holding 

something back. 2. Drawback. 
PULLET (pol'et), n. Young hen. [Fr. poulette, 

dim. of poule, hen — L. pulla, young hen ; pul- 

lus, young animal, cognate with FOAL.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
" H=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut. burn, 



PULLEY 



880 



PUNCH 




PULLEY (pol'll), n. Apparatus consisting of 
one or niore wheels turning upon 
an axis, and having a groove in 
which a cord runs, used for rais- 
ing weights. [Fr. poulie.] 

PULLMAN (pol'man), n. Railway 
sleeping-car or palace-car, first 
made by George M. Pullman. 

PULMONARY ( pul'mo-na-ri ), a. I 
Pertaining to or affecting the 
lungs. [L. pulmo, lung.] 

PULMONIC (pul-mon'ik), I. a. Brass swing 
Pertaining to or affecting the pulley, 
lungs. H. n. 1. Medicine for disease of the 
lungs. 2. One affected by disease of the lungs. 

PULP (pulp), n. 1. Soft fleshy part of bodies; soft 
part of plants, especially of fruits. 2. Mining. 
Powdered ore mixed with water. 3. Soft 
mass obtained from the grinding of rags or 
wood for making paper. [L. pulpa.] 

PULPIT (pol'pit), n. 1. Elevated place in a 
church where the sermon is delivered. 2. 
Preachers in general; preaching. [L. pulpit- 
um, stage. Etym. unknown.] 

PULPOUS (pulp'us), o. Consisting of or resem- 
bling pulp; soft. 

PULPY (pulp'i), a. Like pulp; soft. 

PULQUE (pol'ka), n. Mexican fermented drink 
made from the juice of the 
agave. [Sp. — Mexican.] 

Pulque-god (poi'ka-god), «. 

Ancient native Mexican god of 
drunkenness. The pulque-gods 
were related to the earth-god- 
dess and were also gods of hus- 
bandry • Their images are disin- 
guished by the crescent-shaped 
nose-plate, the stone ax, and 
ear pendants; the figure repre- 
sented in the cut has also the 
forehead knotof Quetzalcohuatl. 

PULSATE (pul'sat), vi. [pr.p. 
PULSATING; p.t. and p.p. 
PULSATED.] Throb; beat. [L. 
pulso, freq. of pello, drive.] 

PULSATION (pul-sa'shun), n 
Act of pulsating; throb. 2. Any 
rhythmical impulse or vibra- 
tion. Pulque-god. 

PULSATOR (pul-satur), n. 1. Beater. 2. Pul- 
someter. 3. Device used in diamond min- 
ing; shaker. 
' PULSATORY (pul'sa-to-ri), a. Elec. Regularly 
intermittent, as a current. 

PULSE (puis), n. 1. Beating of the heart and 
the arteries. 2. Pulsation; vibration. [Fr. 
pouls — L. pulsus — pello, pulsus. SeePULSATE.] 

PULSE (puis), n. 1. Edible seeds of leguminous 
plants, as beans, peas, etc. 2. Plant produ- 
cing such seeds. [L. puis, porridge.] 

PULSE-GLASS (puls'glas), n. Two bulbs con- 
nected by a tube, with which they form right 
angles, all of glass, partly filled with alcohol, 




and having the air exhausted. If one bulb is 
grasped by the hand, a lively ebullition takes 
place at once in the other bulb. 

PULSI3IETER (pul-sim'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring the strength or quickness of the 
pulse. 

PULSOMETER (pul-som'e-ter ), n. Kind of 
steam-condensing vacuum pump. 

PULVERACEOUS (pul-ver-a'shus), PULVER- 
ULENT (pul-ver'o-lent), a. Dusty; powdery. 

PULVERIZATION (pul-ver-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of pulverizing. 

PULVERIZE (pul'ver-iz), vt. [pr.p. PUL'VEB- 
IZISG; p.t. and p.p. PULVEBIZED (pul'ver- 
izd).] Reduce to dust or fine powder. [L. 
pulvis, dust.] 

PU3IA (pu'ma), n. Carnivorous animal, of the 
cat kind, plain reddish-brown ; American lion ; 
cougar. [Peruvian.] 

PUMICE (pum'is), PUMICE-STONE (pum'is- 
ston), n. Hard, light, spongy, volcanic min- 
eral. [A. S. pumic (-stan), pumice (-stone) 
— L. pumex, spumex — spuma, foam.] 

PU3HCE (pum'is), vt. [pr.p. PUM'ICING; p.t. 
and p.p. PUMICED (pum'ist).] Polish or 
rub with pumice. 

PUMICEOUS (pu-mish'us), a. Of, pertaining 
to, or containing pumice. 

PU3I3IEL. v. and n. Same as POMMEL. 

PU3IP (pump), n. 3Iachine for raising or mov- 
ing water or other fluids. [Ger. pumpe (for 
plumpe) . Imitative.] 

PU3IP (pump), v. [pr.p. PUMP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PUMPED (pumpt).] I. vt. 1. Raise with a 
pump. 2. Draw out information from by artful 
questions. II. vi. Work a pump. 

PU3IP (pump), n. Thin-soled, low shoe used in 
dancing. [Fr. pompe.] 

PU3IPERNICKEL (pom'per-nik-1), n. Dark 
brown bread made of unbolted rye. [Ger.] 

PU3IPKIN (pump'kin or pung'kin), n. Plant of 
gourd family with edible fruit. [Fr. pompon 
— Gr. pepon, melon.] 

PUN (pun), vi. [pr.p. PUN'NEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
PUNNED (pund).] Play upon words similar in 
sound but different in meaning. [A. S. punian, 
pound, beat.] 

PUN (pun), n. A play on words similar in sound 
but different in meaning. 

PUNATOO (pun-a-to'), n. Preserve made of the 
fruit of the palmyra palm. [Ceylon.] 

PUNCH (punch), n. Beverage, originally of five 
ingredients, spirit, water, sugar, lemon-juice, 
and spice. [Hind % panch, five.] 

PUNCH (punch), n. Tool for stamping or per- 
forating; kind of awl. [Form of PUNCHEON.] 

PUNCH (punch), vt. [pr.p. PUNCH'EVG; p.t. and 
p.p. PUNCHED (puncht).] Prick or pierce 
with a punch; perforate with a sharp tool. 

PUNCH (punch), vt. [pr.p. PUNCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. PUNCHED (puncht).] Strike, especially 
by thrusting out the fist. [Prob. a corrup. 
of PUNISH.] 



fate. fat. task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c£ in Scotch loch. 



PUNCH 



881 



PUPIL 



n. Stroke or blow with the 



humpbacked male 
[It. pulcinello — L. 




Punch-head. 



PUNCH (punch) 
fist, elbow, etc. 

PUNCH (punch), n. Short 
figure in a puppet-show. 
pullus, young animal.] 

PUNCH-BAG (punchbag), n. Inflated leather 
bag, used for exercise by punching or pound- 
ing it. 

PUNCHEON (pun'chun), n. Steel tool with one 
end for stamping or perforating metal plates. 
[O. Fr. poinson, bodkin — L. punctio, punc- 
ture.] 

PUNCHEON (pun'chun), n. Cask; liquid meas- 
ure of from 72 to 120 gallons. [O. Fr. poinson, 
cask.] 

pun'c h - he a d 

(punch'hed), n. 
Metal holder and 
guide for punches 
of various sizes and 
shapes ; used in 
punching holes in 
paper; may be at- 
tached to punch- 
ing press, or even to 
to printing press, 
so that the paper 
is printed and 
punched at the 
same time. 

PUNCTILIO (pungk-til'i-6), n. Nice points in 
behavior or ceremony; nicety in forms. [Sp. 
puntillo, dim. of punto — L. punctum, point.] 

PUNCTILIOUS (pungk-til'i-us), a. Very exact in 
behavior or ceremony. 

PUNCTILIOUSLY (pungk-til'i-us-li), adv. In a 
punctilious manner. 

PUNCTILIOUSNESS (pungk-til'i-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being punctilious. 

PUNCTUAL (pungk'tu-al), a. 1. Exact in keep- 
ing time and appointments. 2. Done at the 
exact time. [Fr. ponctuel — L. punctum, point.] 

PUNCTUALITY (pungk-tu-al'i-ti), w. Quality 
or habit of being punctual. 

PUNCTUALLY (pungk'tu-al-i), adv. In a punc- 
tual manner. 

PUNCTUATE (pungk'tu-at), vt. [pr.p. PUNC- 
TUATING; p.t. and p.p. PUNCTUATED.] 
Mark with points; divide (sentences) by certain 
marks, as commas, semicolons, periods, etc., 
called punctuation marks. 

PUNCTUATION (pungk-tu-a'shun), n. Act or 
art of dividing sentences by points or marks. 

PUNCTURE (pungk'tur), n. Small hole made 
with a sharp point. [L. punctura — L. punc- 
tus, p.p. of pungo, punch.] 

PUNCTURE (pungk'tur), vt. [pr.p. PUNCTUR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. PUNCTURED (pungk'turd).] 
Pierce with a pointed instrument. 

PUNDIT (pundit), n. Learned Brahman; 
learned man. [Hind, pandit.] 

PUNG (pung), n. Rude, low box-sleigh. [New 
England. Cf. L. Ger. pungwagen, truck.] 



PUNGENCY (pun'jen-si), n. Quality or state of 
being pungent. 

PUNGENT (pun'jent), a. 1. Pricking or acrid 
to taste or smell. 2. Keen; sarcastic. [L. 
pungens — pungo, prick.] 

PUNGENTLY (pun'jent-li), adv. In a pungent 
manner. 

PUNIC (pu'nik), a. Relating to the Carthagin- 
ians; treacherous. [L. punicus.] 

PUNISH (punish), vt. [pr.p. PUN'ISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. PUNISHED (pun'isht).] Exact a pen- 
alty for; cause loss or pain to for a fault or 
crime. [Fr. punir, punissant — L. punio — 
pwna, penalty.] 

SYN. Chasten; castigate; discipline; cor- 
rect; chastise. ANT. Reward; recompense; 
remunerate. 

PUNISHABLE (pun'ish-a-bl), a. Liable to 
punishment; deserving of punishment. 

PUNISHMENT (pun'ish-ment), n. 1. Act of 
punishing. 2. Penalty inflicted. 3. In- 
jury inflicted by one person on another in a 
boxing match. (Colloq.) 

PUNITIVE (pu'ni-tiv), a. Pertaining to pun- 
ishment. 

PUNJAB (pon-jab'), n. Province, N. W. India. 
Area 106,632 sq. m. 

PUNK (pungk), n. 1. Dry decayed wood. 2. 
Kind of fungus used as tinder. 

PUNKAH (pung'ka), n. Large fan suspended 
from the ceil- 
ing of a room. 
[Hind, pankha.] 

PUNSTER (pun'- 
ster), n. One 
who puns or is 
skilled in pun- 
ning. 

PUNT (punt), n. 1. 
Flat -bottomed 
boat. 2. Act of 
punting a foot- 
ball. [A. S. — L. 
ponto,pontoon.] 

PUNT (punt), vt. 
[pr.p. PUNT- 
ING; p.t. and 
p.p. PUNTED.] 

1. Propel, as a boat, by pushing with a pole 
aciinst the bottom of a river. 2. Kick (a 
dropped football) before it reaches the ground. 

PUNY (pu'ni), a. [comp. PU'NIER; superl. PU'- 
NIEST.] Small; feeble; inferior in size or 
strength. [Doublet of PUISNE.] 

PUP (pup), n. Same as PUPPY. 

PUPA (pu'pa), n. [pi. PUP^E (pu'pe).] Stage in 
which an insect is developed beyond the worm- 
like larva, but has not yet entered upon the 
adult stage of its life; chrysalis. The pupa 
is frequently inclosed in a case. [L. pupa, girl, 
doll, fern, of pupus, boy.] 

PUPIL (pu'pil), n. One under the care of a tutor; 
scholar. [L. pupillus, dim. of pupus, boy.] 



4 

4 

4 




Punkah. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PUPIL 



882 



PURPLE 



PUPIL (pii'pil), n. Anat. Circular opening of 
the iris. [L. pupilla, pupil of the eye, little 

Kin. i 

PUPILAGE (pu'pil-aj), n. State or condition of 
being a pupil. 

PUPILARY (pu'pil-a-ri), a. Of or pertaining 
to a pupil. 

PUPPET (pup'et), n. 1. Small image moved by 
wires. 2. One entirely under the control 
of another. [O. Fr. poupette, doll.]^ 

PUPPY (pup'i), «. [pi. PUPPIES.] 1. Young dog; 
whelp. 2. Impertinent, conceited young man. 
IFr. poupee, doll.] 

PUPPYISM (pup'i-izm), n. Empty conceit or 
affectation. 

PUR (pur). See PURR. 

PURBLIND (pur'blind), a. Dim-sighted; near- 
sighted. [For PURE-BLIND, wholly blind.] 

PURBLINDNESS (pur'blind-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being purblind. 

PURCHASABLE (pur'ehas-a-bl), a. That may 
be purchased. 

PURCHASE (pur'chas), vt. [pr.p. PURCHA- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. PURCHASED (pur'chast).] 
Obtain by buying or by labor, danger, etc. 
[0. Fr. porchacier, pursue.] 

PURCHASE (pur'chas), n. 1. Act of purchasing. 
2. That which is purchased. 3. Mechanical 
advantage in moving bodies. 

PURCHASER (pur'chas-er), n. One who pur- 
chases. 

PURE (piir), a. 1. Free from admixture; not 
adulterated. 2. Free from guilt or defilement. 
[L. purus.] 

SYN. Clear; real; mere; innocent; chaste; 
modest; guileless; spotless. ANT. Foul; 
turbid; impure; adulterated; corrupt; de- 
filed. 

PURELY (pur'li), adv. 1. In a pure manner. 2. 
Completely; wholly; totally; as, purely an 
accident. 

PURENESS (pur'nes), n, Quality or state of 
being pure; purity. 

PURFLE (pfir'fl), vt. [pr.p. PUR'fxiNG; p.t. and 
p.p. PURFLED (pur 7 fid).] Decorate with a 
border, embroider. 

PURGATION (pur-ga'shun), w. Purging; clear- 
ing. [L. purgatio.] 

PURGATIVE (piir'ga-tiv), I. a. Cleansing; 
having the power of evacuating the intes- 
tines. II. n. Medicine that evacuates. [L.L. 
purgativus.] 

PURGATORIAL (pur-ga-to'ri-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to purgatory. 

PURGATORY (pur'ga-to-ri), n. According to 
Roman Catholic and some eastern religions, 
place or state in which souls after death are 
purified from venial sins. 

PURGE (purj), v. [pr.p. PURGING; p.t. and 
p.p. PURGED (purjd).] I. vt. 1. Carry off 
whatever is impure or superfluous. 2. Clear 
from guilt. 3. Evacuate, as the bowels. 4. 
Clarity, as liquors. II. vi. 1. Become pure 



by clarifying. 2. Have frequent evacuations. 
[L. purgo — purus, pure, and ago, make.] 

PURGE (purj), n. Anything that purges. 

PURGER (pur'jer), n. One who or that which 
purges. 

PURIFICATION (pu-rl-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 
purifying. 

PURIFICATOR (pu'ri-fi-ka-tur), n. Cloth for 
cleansing before oblations and after ablutions 
in the mass. 

PURIFICATORY (pu-rif'i-ka-to-ri), a. Tend- 
ing to purify or cleanse. 

PURIFIER (pu'ri-fi-er), n. One who or that 
which purifies or makes pure. 

PURIFY (pu'ri-fi), v. [pr.p. PURIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. PURIFIED (piVri-fld).] I. vt. Make 
pure; free from uncleanness or guilt. II. vi. 
Become pure. [Fr. purifier — L. purifico — 
purus, pure, and facio, make.] 

PURIST (pur'lst), n. One who is excessively 
nice in the choice of words or rigid in insisting 
upon the maintainance of accepted standards 
of literary criticism. 

PURITAN (purl-tan), I. n. I. One of a religious 
party in the times of Elizabeth and the Stuarts 
marked by rigid purity or the outward appear- 
ance of it in Calvinistic doctrine and prac- 
tice. 2. One of the founders of the colony of 
Massachusetts Bay at Salem and Boston, 
1628-30. 3. One of the Pilgrim settlers of 
New England; New Englander. II. a. Per- 
taining to the Puritans. 

Puritanic (pur-i-tanik), Puritanical (pu- 

ri-tan'ik-al), a. Like a Puritan; rigid; exact; 
sour; frequently used as a term of reproach 
or contempt. 

PURITANIS3I (pu'ri-tan-izm), n. Notions or 
practice of Puritans. 

PURITY (pu'ri-ti), n. Quality or state of being 
pure. 

PURL (purl), vi. [pr.p. PURL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PURLED (purld).] Flow with a murmuring 
sound; ripple; eddy; curl. [Perhaps imitative, 
but cf. Sw. porla, purl.] 

PURL (purl), n. Soft murmuring sound as of a 
shallow stream running over small stones. 

PURL (purl), n. An ornamental border of lace 
or embroidery. 2. A seam stitch in knitting. 
[Contr. of PURFLE.] 

PURLIEU (pur'lu), n. Borders; environs. Used 
in the plural. [O. Fr. pur alee (translation o'i L. 
perambulatio, survey).] 

PURLOIN (pur-loin), vt. [pr.p. PURLOINING; 
p.t. and p.p. PURLOINED (pur-loind').J Steal; 
plagiarize. [O. Fr. purloignier, carry away 
— L.L. prolongo.] 

PURLOINER (pur-loin'er), n. One who pur- 
loins. 

PURPLE (piir'pl), I. n. 1,1 Color of blended 
blue and red. 2. Purple cloth, or robe, orig- 
inally worn only by royalty; robe of honor. 
II. a. Red and blue blended. [O. Fr. pourpre 
— L. purpura — Gr. porphyra, purple-fish.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch lock. 



PURPORT 



883 



PUT 



PURPORT (pur'port), n. Design; signification. 

[O. Fr. pur (L. pro), for, and porter, carry.] 
PURPORT (pur'port or pur-port'), v. [pr.p. 

PURPORTING; p.*. 'and p.p. PURPORTED.] 

I. vt. Import; signify; mean; imply; intend. 
IT. vi. Have a certain purport, signification, 
or meaning; signify; import. 

PURPOSE (pur'pus), n. 1. Idea or aim kept 
before the mind as the end of effort. 2. Thing 
proposed; question in issue. [O. Fr. pur- 
poser, form of proposer, propose.] 

SYN. Aim; end; purport; determination; 
idea; plan; intention. ANT. Chance; for- 
tune; fate; hazard; accident. 

PURPOSE (pur'pus), v. [pr.p. PTJR'POSING; 
p.t. and p.p. PURPOSED (pur'pust).] I. vt. 
Determine or resolve on, as an end or object 
to be gained or accomplished ; intend ; design. 

II. vi. Determine on some end or object to be 
attained. 

PURPOSELESS (pur'pus-les), a. Without pur- 
pose or effect; aimless. 

PURPOSELY (pur'pus-li), adv. On purpose; 
intentionally ; designedly. 

PURR, PUR (pur), v. [pr.p. PURRING; p.t. and 
p.p. PURRED (purd).] I. vt. Signify by 
purring. II. vi. Utter a murmuring sound, 
as a cat. [Imitative.] 

PURR, PUR (pur), n. Soft murmuring noise, 
such as made by a cat when pleased. 

PURSE (purs), n. 1. Small bag for money. 2. 
Sum of money. 3. Treasury. [O. Fr. horse 
(Fr. bourse) — L. L. bursa — Gr. byrsa, skin, 
hide.] 

PURSE (purs), vt. [pr.p. PURSING; p.t. and p.p. 
PURSED (purst).] 1. Put into a purse. 2. 
Contract as the mouth of a purse. 3. Draw 
into folds or wrinkles. 

PURSE-PROUD (purs'prowd), a. Proud of one's 
wealth; insolent from wealth. 

PURSER (purs'er), n. Officer who has charge 
of the provisions, clothing and accounts of a 
ship; paymaster. 

PURSINESS (pur'sl-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being pursy. 

PURSUANCE (pur-su'ans), n. Act of following 
out; process; consequence. 

PURSUANT (pur-su'ant), a. Consonant; com- 
formable; in consequence. 

PURSUE (pur-su), vt. [pr.p. PURSU'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. PURSUED (pur-sud').] Follow in 
order to overtake; chase; prosecute; seek; 
be engaged in; continue. [O. Fr. porsuir — 
L. prose quor-— pro, onwards, and sequor, fol- 
low.] 

PURSUER (pur-su'gr), n. One who pursues. 

PURSUIT (pur-suf), n. 1. Act of pursuing, fol- 
lowing, or going after. 2. Endeavor to at- 
tain; occupation. 

PURSY (pur'si), a. Puffy; fat and short-winded. 
[O. Fr. pourcif — poulser — L. pulso, beat.] 

PURULENCE (pu'ro-lens), PURULENCY (pu'- 
ro-len-si), n. Condition of forming pus. 



PURULENT (pu'ro-lent), a. Consisting of, full 
of, or resembling, pus or matter. 

PURULENTLY (pii'ro-lent-li), adv. In a pu- 
rulent manner. 

PURVEY (pur-va), v. [pr.p. PURVEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. PURVEYED (pur-vad').] I. vt. 
Purchase provisions for; supply. II. vi. 
Make provision; provide. [O. Fr. porvoir — 
L. provideo, provide.] 

PURVEYANCE (pur-vaans), n. 1. The act of 
purveying. 2. That which is supplied. 

PURVEYOR (pur-va'ur), ». One who purveys; 
caterer. 

PURVIEW (pur'vu), n. 1. Body or scope of a 
law. 2. Field; sphere; scope. [O. Fr. por- 
veu, p.p. of porvoir, provide.] 

PUS (pus), n. Product of suppuration; matter. 
[L. — root of puteo, smell bad.] 

PUSH (posh), v. [pr.p. PUSH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
PUSHED (posht), I. vt. Press [against; drive 
by pressure. 11. vi. 1. Press forward; urge. 
2. Press hard; crowd. 3. Advance persist- 
ently. [Fr. pousser — L. pulso, freq. of petto, 
drive.] 

PUSH (posh), n. 1. Thrust or shove. 2. Forci- 
ble onset; attack. 3. Emergency; extremity. 
4. Persevering energy; enterprise. 5. Crowd. 
(Colloq.) 

PUSH-BUTTON (pQsh'but-n), n. Device for 
closing an electric circuit by pushing a button 
or knob. 

PUSHER (pQsh'er), n. 1. One who pushes or 
presses forward; hustler. 2. Part of ma- 
chine that pushes or is pushed. 

PUSHING (pQsh'ing), a. Enterprising; vigorous. 

PUSILLANIMITY (pu-si-la-nim'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being pusilanimous. 

PUSILLANIMOUS (pu-si-lan'i-mus), a. Mean- 
spirited; cowardly. [L. pusillus, very little, 
and animus, mind.] 

PUSILLANIMOUSLY (pu-si-lan'i-mus-li), adv. 
In a pusillanimous manner. 

PUSS (pqs), n. 1. Familiar name for a cat. 2. 
Hare, in sportsmen's language. [Dut. poes; 
Dan. pus; Norw. puse; lr. pus. Perhaps orig- 
inally imitative of a cat's spitting.] 

PUSSY (pQs'i), n. [pi. PUSSIES (pos'iz).] Dimin- 
utive of PUSS. 

PUSSY (pus'i), a. Full of pus. 

PUSSY-CAT (pos'i-kat), n. Puss; cat. 

PUSSY-WILLOW (pos'i-wil-6), n. Common 
American willow with silky gray catkins, es- 
pecially Salix discolor. 

PUSTULE (pus'ttil), n. Small pimple containing 
pus. [L. pustula — pus.] 

PUT (pot), v. [pr.p. PUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PUT (pot).] I. vt. 1. Drive into action. 2. 
Throw suddenly. 3. Lay or deposit. 4. 
Bring into any state. 5. Offer; propose. 6. 
Apply. 7. Same as PUTT. II. vi. Move; 
go; steer. — Be put to it, be hard pressed, em- 
barrassed. — Fut back, hinder; delay; restore; 
set to an earlier time, as the hands of a clock. 



4 

i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn. 
" i\=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



PUT 



884 



PYRAMID 



— Put by, turn away; save up; store up. — Put 
off, push off from land; postpone. — Put out, 
thrust out; drive out; destroy, as eyes; hold 
forth, as hands; extinguish; publish; confuse; 
offend; expend; invest. — Put up, bear; over- 
look; pack; restore to its ordinary place, as a 
sword, when not in use. [A. S. potian, thrust.] 

PUT (pot), n. 1. Thrust; throw. 2. Game at 
cards. 3. Contract by which one buys the 
privilege of "putting" (delivering) to another 
certain stocks, etc., at a fixed price and date. 
The opposite privilege of demanding delivery 
is termed "call." 4. Golf. Same as PUTT. 

PUTATIVE (pu'ta-tiv), a. Commonly supposed; 
reputed. [L. L. putativus.] 

PUTLOG (pot'log), n. Timber resting with one 
end in a hole of the wall, and supporting a 
floor of a scaffold. 

PUTREFACTION (pu-tre-fak'shun), n. Act or 
process of putrefying; rottenness; corruption. 

PUTREFACTIVE (pu-tre-fak'tiv), a. Pertaining 
to, or causing, putrefaction. 

PUTREFY (pu'tre-fi), v. [pr.p. PU'TREFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. PUTREFIED (pu'tre-fid).] I. vt. 
Cause to become putrid or rotten. II. vi. 
Become putrid; rot. [L. putrefacio — puter, 
putris, putrid, and facio, make.] 

SYN. Decompose; decay; spoil. ANT. 
Preserve; freshen; vitalize; disinfect; em- 
balm. 

PUTRESCENCE (pu-tres'ens), n. Quality or 
state of being putrescent. [L. putrescens, pr.p. 
of putresco, grow rotten.] 

PUTRESCENT (pu-tres'ent), a. Becoming pu- 
trid. 

PUTRID (pu'trid), a. In a state of putrefaction. 
[L. putridus — puter, rotten — puteo, smell of- 
fensive.] 

PUTRIDITY (pu-trid'i-ti), PUTRIDNESS (pu'- 
trid-nes), n. Quality or state of being putrid. 

PUTT (put), vt. [pr.p. PUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
PUT'TED.] Golf. Knock or attempt to knock 
(the ball) into a hole from a short distance 
with a putter. [From PUT.] 

PUTT (put), n. Golf. Stroke aiming at putting 
the ball In a hole. 

PUTTER (pQt'er), n. 1. One who puts. 2. 
One who hauls coal underground. 

PUTTER (put'er), n. In golf, short-shafted club 
used when the ball lies near a hole. 

PUTTER (put'er), v. Same as POTTER. 

JPUTTI (pQt'i), n.pl. Nude cupids, as represented 
in paintings, fit. pi., of putto, child.] 

PUTTIER (put'i-er), n. One who putties. 

PUTTING-GREEN (put'ing-gren), n. Space of 
smooth, close-trimmed turf surrounding the 
the hole which is the goal of a golf link. 

PUTTY (put'i), n. Cement of whiting and lin- 
seed-oil, used in glazing windows. [O. Fr. 
potee, that which is in a pot.] 

PUTTY (put'i), vt. [pr.p. PUTTYING; p.t. and 
p.p. PUTTIED (put' id).] Fix or fill up with 
putty. 



PUZZLE (puz'l), v. [pr.p. PUZ'ZLING; p.t. and 
p.p. PUZZLED (puz'ld).] I. vt. Pose; per- 
plex. II. vi. Be bewildered. [For OPPOSAL by 
dropping of first syllable. — Fr. opposer, oppose.] 

PUZZLE (puz'l), n. 1. Difficulty to be solved; 
perplexity. 2. Toy or device for exercising 
the ingenuity; problem; riddle. 3. Quandary. 

PUZZLER (puz'ler), n. One who or that which 
puzzles. 

PYGMALION (pig-ma'li-on), n. Greek Myth, 
Famous sculptor who made a statue so beau- 
tiful that he begged Venus to give it life; his 
prayer granted, he married the animated 
statue. 

PYGMEAN (pig-me'an), a. Same as PYGMY. 

PYGMY (pig'mi), I. n. [pi. PYGMIES (pig'miz).] 

I. Dwarf. 2. Anything of a dwarfish nature. 

II. o. Like a pygmy; dwarfish. [L. Pygmceus 
— Gr. Pygmaios, Pygmy, fabled to measure a 
pygme=13% inches (length from elbow to 
knuckles). Cf. L. pugnus, fist.] 

PYLON (pi'lon), n. 1. Monu- 
mental entrance, in Egyptian 

architecture. 2. Aviation. 

One of several tall steel 

towers marking the bounds f 

of an aerodrome. 3. Steel' 

tower for supporting long,. 

span of wire. [Gr.] 
PYLORUS (pi-16'rus), n. [pi. 

PYLO'RI.] Lower orifice of 

the stomach. [Gr. pyloros, ' 

gatekeeper.] 
PYR-, PYRI-, PYRO-, prefix. 

Related to fire. Often pyro- 

means obtained from a heat- 
ed substance, as in pyro-acetic. [Gr. pyr, fire.J 
PYRAL (pir'al), a. Pertaining to a funeral pyre. 
PYRAMID (pir'a-mid), n. 1. Solid figure on a 

triangular, square, or polygonal base, with 




Aerodrome Pylon. 




Pyramid of Gizeh. 

1. Debris. 2. Outer casing. 3. Air channels. 4. Well- 5. Subterra- 
nean apartment. 6. Kingr's chamber. 7. Queen's chamber. 

triangular sides meeting in a point. 2. [pi.] 
"The Pyramids" or great monuments of 
Egypt. [Gr. pyramis.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=m xn Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



t PYRAMIDAL 



885 



PYXIS 



PYRAMIDAL (pi-ram'i-dal), PYRAMIDIC (pir- 
a-mid'ik), PYRAMIDIC AL (pir-a-mid'ik-aU, 
a. Having the form of a pyramid. 

PYRARGYRITE (pir-ar'ji-rit), n. A silver ore, 
compound of silver sulphid and antimony. 

PYRE (pir), n. Pile of wood, etc., on which the 
dead are burned. [Gr. pyra — pyr, fire.] 

PYRENEES (pir'i-nez), n. Mountain chain 
dividing France from Spain, 270 m. long. 

PYRETIC (pi-ret'ik), I. a. Feverish. II. n. 
Remedy for fever. [Gr. pyr, fire.] 

PYRIDINE (pi-ri-den'), n. Chem. Volatile 
toxic narcotic formed by the tobacco leaf 
when smoked. 

PYRIFORM (plr'i-farm), o. Pear-shaped. [L. 
pyrum, pear.] 

PYRITE (pi'rit), n. Very hard, lustrous, yellow 
mineral, used in 
manufacturing 
sulphur and sul- 
phuric acid. 

PYRITES(pi-ri'tez), 
n. Native com- 
pound of sulphur 
with other me tals 9 
so called because 
it strikes fire 
when struck 
against steel. [L. 
— Gr. pyr, fire.] 

PYRO-, prefix. See 
PYR-. 

P YRO -ELECTRIC- 
ITY (pi-ro-e-lek- 
tris'i-ti), n. Elec- 
tricity produced 
in a crystallized Pyrites. 

body by change of temperature alone. 

PYROGRAPH (pi'ro-graf), n. Instrument for 
engraving on wood or leather by means of a 
red-hot metallic point. 

PYROGRAPHY (pi-rog'ra-fi), n. Process of 
reproducing designs on wood by means of a 
pointed instrument or of heated metallic rollers 
or plates. [Gr. pyr, fire, and grapho, write.] 

PYROHELIOMETER (pi-ro-he-li-om'e-ter), n. 
Astron. Instrument that notes the variation 
of heat in the sun's rays and surface, by means 
of which the effect of such variations upon the 
atmosphere of the earth and on the products 
of the soil may be determined. [Gr. pyr, fire, 
h&lios, sun, and metron, measure.] 

PYROMETER (pi-rom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring temperatures too high to be 
measured by a mercury thermometer. 

PYROSIS (pi-ro'sis), n. Water-brash; watery 
rising. [L.L. — Gr. pyrosis — pyroo, to inflame.] 

PYROTECHNIC (pi-ro-tek'nik or pir-o-tek'nik), 
PYROTECHNICAL (pi-ro-tek'nik-al), a. Per- 
taining to fireworks. 

PYROTECHNICS (pi-ro-tek'niks), PYROTECH- 
NY (pi'ro-tek-ni), n. Art of making fireworks. 
[Gr. pyr, fire, and technS, art.] 




PYROTECHNIST (pi-ro-tek'nist), n. 1. One 
skilled in pyrotechnics. 2. Maker of fireworks. 

PYROXYLIC (pi-roks-il'ik), a. Made by dis- 
tilling wood. 

PYRRHA (pir'a), n. Greek Myth. Wife of 
Deucalion. 

PYRRHONIC (pir-ron'ik), a. Relating to Pyrrho, 
a Greek philosopher, who taught that skepti- 
cism is the foundation of happiness. 

PYTHIAS (pith'i-as), n. Friend of Damon. See 
DAMON. 

PYTHON (pi'thon), n. Greek Myth, A cele- 
brated serpent killed by 
Apollo, who instituted the 
Pythian games in com- 
memoration of the event. 

PYTHONESS (pith'on-es), n. 
Priestess of the oracle of 
Apollo at Pytho, the oldest 
name of Delphi, in Greece. 

PYTHONIC (pi-thon'ik), a. 
Pretending to foretell fu- 
ture events like the python- 
ess; oracular. 

PYTHONISM (pith'on-izm), 
n. Act of predicting events 
by divination. 

PYX(piks),n. 1. In the Ro- 
man Catholic Church the 
sacred box in which the 
host is kept after conse- 
cration. 2. At the British 
Mint, the box containing 
sample coins. [Gr. pyxis — pyxos 
box-tree, box-wood.] 

PYX-CLOTH (piks'klath), n. Cloth formerly 
used to wrap about the pyx. 

PYXICOLA (piks-ik 6-la), n. Genus of infuso- 
rians, minute creatures attached at the back to 
a hard protective sheathe which can be closed 
by a disk-shaped flap like the lid of a box. 
[Gr. pyxis, box, and L. colo, live in.] 

PYXIDANTHERA (piks-id-an'the-ra), n. Beau- 
tiful evergreen shrub growing in sand under 
pine trees along the Atlantic coast of the United 
States from New Jersey southward through 
North Carolina. A spring flowering plant 
bearded and hairy near the base, its short, 
erect branches and longer trailing branches 
covered with constellations of little starlike 
blossoms among dark green needles. Also 
called pine-barren beauty, flowering moss, and 
pyxie. The five anthers of the blossom have 
little openings like box-lids. [Gr. pyxis, box, 
and antheros, flowery — anthos, flower — Sans. 
andhas, herb.] 

PYXIS (piks'is), n. {pi. PYXIDES (piks'i-dez).] 
1. Jewel box. 2. Greek Pottery. Cylindrical, 
covered box, woman's toilet article. 3. Anat. 
Cup-like hollow of the hip-bone. 4. Mada- 
gascar land-tortoise with fore part of breast- 
plate movable like a box-lid. 5. Seed vessel 
whose top falls off. [Gr.] 




< 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



Q 



886 



QUADRILLION 




q (ku), n. [pi. Q'S (kuz).] 
Seventeenth letter and thir- 
teenth consonant of the Eng- 
lish alphabet. It has only 
one sound, and is always fol- 
lowed by u, the sound of the 
combined letters being the 
same as that of kw, as in 
quick. In a few words from 

the French it has the sound of k, as in pique, 

burlesque, bouquet The u Is sometimes 

placed in a separate syllable, as in eq'uity. 
QUA-BIRD (kwa'berd), n. The night-heron. 

[From its cry.] 
QUACK (kwak), v. [pr.p. QUACKING; p.t. and 

p.p. QUACKED (kwakt).] I. vi. 1. Cry like a 

duck. 2. Boast. 3. Practice as a quack. II. vt. 

Doctor by quackery. [Imitative.] 
QUACK (kwak), I. n. 1. Cry of a duck. 2. 

Boastful pretender to skill which he does not 

possess, especially medical skill; mounte- 
bank. II. a. Used by quacks. 
QUACKERY (kwak'er-i), n. [pi. QUACKERIES 

(kwak'er-iz).] Pretensions or practice of a 

quack, especially in medicine. 
QUAD-, QUADR-, QUADRI-, QUAT-, prefix. 

Four; fourfold. [L. quadrus, fourfold; quater, 

four times; quattuor, four.] 
QUAD (kwod), n. Print. Abbreviation In com- 
mon use for QUADRAT, which see. 
QUAD(kwod), 

vt. [pr.p. 

QUAD'- 

DENG; p.t. 

and p.p. 

Q U A D' - 

DED.]Prin*. 

Fill with 

quadrats ; 

as, to quad 

out a line. 
QUADRA (kwod'ra), n. [pi. QUAD'RiE.] Arch. 

Frame inclosing a bas-relief. [L. quadrus, 

square.] 
QUADRAGESIMA (kwod-ra-jes'i-ma), n. Lent, 

so called because it consists of forty days. 

[L. quadragesimus, fortieth — quadraginta, 

forty — quattuor, four.] 
QUADRAGESIMAL (kwod-ra-jes'i-mal), a. Of, 

pertaining to, or used in, Lent; Lenten. 
QUADRANGLE (kwod'rang-gl), n. 1. Square 

surrounded by buildings. 2. Geom. Plane 

figure having four equal sides and angles. 

[L. quattu or, four, and 

angulus, angle.] 
QUADRANGULAR 

(kwod-rang 'gu-lar), 

a. Of the form of a 

quadrangle. 
QUADRANT (kwod'- 

rant), n. 1. Geom. 

Fourth part of a cir- 
cle, or an arc of 90' 




Circular, Angular and Corner Quads. 




Quadrant. 
2. Instrument consisting 



of the quadrant of a circle graduated in 
degrees, used for taking altitudes. [L. quad" 
rans — quattuor, four.] 

QUADRANTAL (kwod'rant-al or kwod-rant'al), 
a. Pertaining to, equal to, or included in, a 
quadrant. 

QUADRAT (kwod'rat), n. Print. Piece of 
type-metal lower than the letters, used in 
spacing between words and filling out blank 
lines. Distinguished as en (J), em (^), two- 
em <"T>- and three-em ( ^- Commonly 
called QUAD. [O. Fr. — L, quadrat us; see 
QUADRATE.] 

QUADRATE (kwod'rat), I. a. 1. Squared; 
having four equal sides and four right angles. 
2. Divisible into four equal parts. 3. Bal- 
anced; exact; suited. II. n. Square figure. 
[L. quadratus, p.p. of quadro, make four- 
cornered.] 

QUADRATIC (kwod-rat'ik), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to, containing, or denoting, a square. 2. Alg. 
Composed of terms of second degree oi first 
and second degree; as, a quadratic equation. 
II. n. Alg. Quadratic equation, or one in 
which occurs no power of the unknown 
quantity higher than the square. 

QUADRATURE (kwod'ra-tur), n. 1. Squaring; 
especially in geometry, the finding, exactly 
or approximately, of a square that shall be 
equal to a given figure of some other shape- 
2. Position of a heavenly body when 90° 
distant from another. 

QUADRENNIAL (kwod-ren'i-al), a. 1. Com- 
prising four years. 2. Happening or recurring 
once in four years. [L. quadriennis — quattuor, 
four, and annus, year.] 

QUADRENNIALLY (kwod-ren'i-al-i), adv. Once 
In every four years. 

QUADRI- (kwod'ri), prefix. Four. [L., akin to 
quattuor, four.] 

QUADRIGA (kwod-ri'ga), n. Roman two- 
wheeled car or 
chariot, drawn by 
four horses har- 
nessed all abreast, 
[L. quattuor, four, 
and Jugum, yoke.] 

QUADRILATERAL 
(kwod-ri -lat 'er- 
al), I. a. Having 
four sides. II. n. 
Geom. Plane fig- Quadriga. 

ure having four sides. [L. quattuor, four, and 
latus, side.] 

QUADRILLE (kwa-dril' or ka-dril'), n. Dance 
made up of sets of dancers containing four 
couples each. [Fr.] 

QUADRILLION (kwod-ril'yun), n. 1. In the 
United States and France, a thousand million 
million, represented by 1 with fifteen ciphers 
annexed. 2. In England, a million raised to 
the fourth power, represented by 1 with 
twenty-four ciphers annexed. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



QUADRINOMIAL 



887 



QUALITY 



QUADRINOMIAL. (kwod-rl-no'mi-al), a. Math. 

Consisting of four terms. [L. quattuor, four, 

and nomen, name.] 
QUADRIPLANE (kwod'rl-plan), I. a. Having 

four planes. II. n. Aeroplane having four 

planes or supporting surfaces. [QUADRI- 

and PLANE.] 
QUADROON (kwod-ron'), ». Offspring of 

a mulatto and a white person. [Fr. quote- 

ron.] 
QUADRUMANOUS (kwod-ro'ma-nus), a. Hav- 
ing the feet formed very much like hands, as 

monkeys, the great toes being opposable like 

thumbs. 
QUADRUPED (kwod'ro-ped), n. Four-footed 

animal. [L. quattuor, four, and pes, foot.] 
QUADRUPEDAL (kwod'ro-ped-al or kwod-ro'- 

ped-al), a. Having four feet. 
QUADRUPLE (kwod'ro-pl), I. a. Fourfold. 

II. n. Four times the quantity or number. 

[L. quadruplus.) 
QUADRUPLE (kwcd'ro-pl), v. [pr.p. QUAD'- 

RUPLING; p.t. and p.p. QUADRUPLED 

(kwod'ro-pld).] I. vt. Multiply fourfold. II. 

vi. Increase fourfold. 
QUADRUPLET (kwod'ro-plet), n. One of four 

born at a single birth. 
QUADRUPLEX (kwod'ro-pleks), a. Fourfold; 

quadruple. Used especially in telegraphy to 

designate system of sending four messages 

at once over a wire. IQUADRI-, and L. plico, 

fold.] 
QUADRUPLICATE (kwod-ro'pll-kat), a. Made 

fourfold. [L. quattuor, four, and plico, fold.] 
QUADRUPLICATE (kwod-r5'pll-kat), vt. [pr.p. 

QUADRUPLICATING; p.t. and p.p. QUAD- 
RUPLICATED.] Make fourfold. 
QUAERE (kwe're), n. Latin spelling of QUERY, 

which see. [L., imperative of qucero.] 
QUAFF (kwaf), v. [pr.p. QUAFF'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. QUAFFED (kwaft).] I. vt. Drink in large 

drafts. II- vi. Drink largely. [Sc. queff, 

quaich, drinking-cup.] 
QUAFF (kwaf), n. Act of quaffing; draft. 
QUAGGA (kwag'a), n. Quadruped of South 

Africa, like the 

ass in form and 

the zebrain color. 

[Hottentot.] 
QUAGGY (kwag'i), 

o. Of the nature 

of a quagmire. 
Q U A G M I 

(kwag'mir), 

Wet- boggy 

ground that yields under the feet; bog; marsh; 

fen; morass. [QUAKE and MIRE.] 
QUAHAUG (kwa-hag'), QUAHOG (kwa-hog'), 

n. Common round hard clam of the North 

American Atlantic coast. [Am. Ind. poquau- 

hauk.] 
QUAIL (kwal), vi. [pr.p. QUAIL'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. QUAILED (kwald).] Cower; fail in spirit. 




Quagga. 



suffer, die. Cf. Ger. qual, tor- 




[A. S. cwelan, 
ment.] 

SYN. Flinch; crouch; blanch; winee; 
recoil. ANT. Face; defy; confront; endure. 

QUAIL (kwal), n. Migratory bird like the par- 
tridge found in 
every country 
from the Cape 
of Good Hope to 
the North Cape. 
[O. Fr quaille.] 

QUAINT (kwant), 
a. Neat ; unusu- 
al; odd; whim- 
sical. [O. Fr. 
cointe.] 

SYN. Curi- 
ous fanciful ; 
antique; rec- Quail. 

ondite; singular. ANT. Commonplace; or- 
dinary; common. 

QUAINTLY (kwant'li), adv. In a quaint manner. 

QUAINTNESS (kwant'nes), n. State or quality 
oi being quaint. 

QUAKE (kwak), vi. [pr.p. QUA'KING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUAKED (kwakt).] Tremble, especially 
with cold and fear. [A. S. cwacian.] 

QUAKE (kwak), n. Tremulous agitation; a 
shudder. 

QUAKER (kwa'ker), n. One of the Society of 
Friends 

QUAKER-GUN (kwa'ker-gun), n. Wooden 
gun mounted to deceive an enemy. 

QUAKERISM (kwa'ker-izm), n. Tenets of the 
Quakers. 

QUAKING-GRASS (kwa'king-gras), 
Slender grass of the genus 
Briza with spikelets, at the end 
of the blades, which are con- 
stantly vibrating and trembling. 

QUALIFIABLE (kwol'i-fi-a-bl), a. 
That may be modified. 

QUALIFICATION (kwol-i-fi-ka/- 
shun), n. 1 Quality that fits a 
person for a place, etc. 2. Re- 
striction; mitigation. 

QUALIFIED (kwol'i-fid),o. 1. Fit- 
ted; competent. 2. Limited. 

QUALIFIER (kwoli-fi-er), n. One 
who or that which qualifies. 

QUALIFY (kwoli-fi), v. [pr.p. 

QUALIFYING: p.t. and p.p. QUALIFIED 
(kwol'1-fld).] I. vt. 1. Make suitable or capa- 
ble. 2. Limit; particularize; mitigate. II. vi. 
Become qualified. [Fr. qualifier — L. qualis, of 
what sort, and facio, make.] 

SYN. Fit; adapt: prepare; capacitate. 
ANT. Disqualify; unfit; incapacitate. 

QUALITATIVE (kwol'i-ta-tiv), a. 1. Relating 
to quality. 2. Chem. Determining the nature 
of components. 

QUALITY (kwol'i-ti), n. [pi. QUALITIES 
(kwol'i-tiz).] 1. Condition; sort. 2. Property; 



4 
i 



Bot. 




late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



QUALM 



888 



QUARTO 



peculiar power; attribute. 3. Acquisition; 
accomplishment. 4. Character; rank. 5. 
Superior birth or character. [L. qualitas.] 

QUALM (kwam), n. 1. Sudden attack of illness. 
2. Scruple of conscience. [A.S. cwealm, pes- 
tilence, death. Cf. Ger. qualm, vapor.] 

QUALMISH (kwam'ish), a. Affected with a 
disposition to vomit. 

QUANDARY (kwon'da-ri), n. [pi. QUANDA- 
RIES (kwon'da-riz).] State of uncertainty; 
predicament. [As though wondery by simula- 
tion of word of Latin origin. But cf. Ice. 
vandrcethi.] 

QUANTITATIVE (kwon'ti-ta-tiv), a. 1. Re- 
lating to quantity. 2. Measurable in quan- 
tity. 3. Chem. Determining the relative 
proportions of components. 

QUANTITY (kwon'ti-ti), n. [pi. QUANTITIES 
(kwon'ti-tiz).] 1. Amount; bulk; size. 2. 
Determinate amount, sum or bulk. 3. Large 
portion. 4. Logic. Extent of a conception. 
5. Gram. 3Ieasure of a syllable. 6. Music. 
Relative duration of a tone. 7, Math. Any- 
thing which can be increased, divided, or 
measured. 

QUANTUM (kwon'tum), n. Quantity; amount. 
[L., how great, how much.] 

QUARANTINE (kwor'an-ten), n. 1. Term, 
originally forty days, during which a ship 
suspected to be infected with a contagious 
disease, is obliged to forbear intercourse with 
the shore. 2. Isolation of a person, house, 
etc., afflicted with contagious disease. [L. 
quadraginta, forty.] 

QUARANTINE (kwor'an-ten), vt. [pr.p. QUAR'- 
ANTINING; p.t. and p.p. QUARANTINED 
(kwor'an-tend).] Prohibit from intercourse 
from fear of infection. 

QUARREL (kwor'el), n. Angry dispute; breach 
of friendship; brawl. 

SYN. Broil; wrangle; feud; squabble; af- 
fray. ANT. Conciliation; agreement; har- 
mony. 

QUARREL (kwor'el), vi. [pr.p. QUARRELING; 
p.t. and p.p. QUARRELED (kwor'eld).] Dis- 
pute violently; disagree; wrangle. 

QUARRELSOME (kwor'el-sum), a. Disposed 
to quarrel; brawling; easily provoked. 

QUARRELSOMENESS (kwor'el-sum-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being quarrelsome. 

QUARRY (kwor'i), n. [pi. QUARRIES (kwor'iz).] 
Place where stone is taken from the earth, 
for building or other purposes. [O. Fr. quar- 
riere, place where stones are squared.] 

QUARRY (kwor'i), vt. [pr.p. QUARRYING; 
p.t. and p.p. QUARRIED (kwor'id).] Dig or 
take from a quarry. 

QUARRF (kwor'i), n. Object of the chase, as 
the game which a hawk or hunter is pursuing 
or has killed. [O. Fr. cuiriee — L. corium, hide.] 

QUARRYMAN (kwor'i-man), n. [pi. QUAR'RY- 
MEN.] Man who works in a quarry. 

QUART (kwart), n. 1. Fourth part of a gallon, 



or two pints. 2. Vessel containing two pints. 
3. Eighth part of a peck; thirty-second part 
of a bushel. [L. quartus, fourth.] 

QUARTAN (kwar'tan), a. Occurring every 
fourth day, as an intermittent fever or ague. 

QUARTER (kwar'ter), n. 1. Fourth part; specif- 
ically, i of a year, dollar, hundredweight, ton, 
moon's period, slaughtered animal, etc. 2. 
Cardinal point; region of a hemisphere. 3. 
Division of a town, etc. 4. Place of lodging, 
as for soldiers ; especially in plural. S.Mercy 
granted to a disabled antagonist. 6. Part of 
a ship's side between the mainmast and the 
stern. [Fr. quartier.] 

QUARTER (kwar'ter), vt. [pr.p. QUARTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. QUARTERED (kwar'terd).] 1. 
Divide into four equal parts. 2. Divide into 
compartments. 3. Furnish with quarters; 
lodge. 

QUARTER-DAY (kwar'ter-da), n. Last day of 
a quarter of a year on which rent or interest is 
paid in England. 

QUARTER-DECK (kwar'ter-dek), n. Part of 
the deck of a ship abaft the mainmast, reserved 
for officers, or for them and first cabin passen- 
gers. 

QUARTERED-OAK (kwar'terd-6k), n. Oak 
timber sawed into quarters, so as to show the 
edge grain. 

QUARTERLY (kwar'ter-li), I. a. 1. Consisting 
of or containing a fourth part. 2. Happening 
or done once in each quarter of a year. II. 
adv. Once a quarter. III. n. [pi. QUARTER- 
LIES (kwar'ter-liz).] Periodical published 
four times a year. 

QUARTERMASTER (kwar'ter-mas-ter), n. 1. 
Officer who looks after the quarters of the 
soldiers, and attends to the supplies. 2. Naval 
petty officer who attends to the helm, signals 
etc. 

QUARTERN (kwar'tern), n. 1. Fourth of a 
pint; gill. 2. Fourth of a peck, or of a stone. 
3. Four-pound loaf of bread. 

QUARTER-ROUND (kwar'ter-rownd), n. Arch. 
A molding of which the profile is or is nearly a 
quarter-circle; echinus. 

QUARTER-SAWED (kwar'ter-sad), a. Sawed 
lengthwise into quarters, or from quartered 
timber. 

QUARTER-SESSIONS (kwar'ter-sesh-unz), n. 
pi. English country or borough sessions of 
court held quarterly. 

QUARTER-STAFF (kwar'ter-staf), n. Long 
staff or weapon of defense, grasped at a quar- 
ter of its length from the end and at the mid- 
dle. 

QUARTETTE, QUARTET (kwar-tet), n. 1. 
Musical composition of four parts, for voices 
or instruments. 2. Stanza of four lines. 
3. Four persons performing together. 

QUARTO (kwar'to), I. o. Having the sheet 
folded into four leaves. II. n. [pi. QUARTQS 
(kwar'toz).] Book of a quarto size. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



QUARTZ 



889 



QUERIST 



[L.] 




Branch of the 
Quassia. 



QUARTZ (kwarts), n. Mineral composed of 
pure silica, the origin of most of the sea-sand: 
rock crystal. [Ger. quarz.\ 

QUASH (kwosh), vt. [pr.p. QUASH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUASHED (kwosht).] Crush; subdue; 
extinguish suddenly and completely; annul; 
make void. [L. quasso — quatio, shake.] 

QUASI (kwa'si), adv. In a manner; as if. 

QUASSIA (kwash'i-a or 
kwosh'i-a), n. Wood of 
the bitter ash (Picrcena 
excelsa), used as a tonic. 

QUATERNARY (kwa- 
ter'na-ri), I. a. 1. Con- 
sisting of four; by fours. 
2. [Q-] Geol. 3Iore re- 
cent than the upper Ter- 
tiary. II. n. 1. Number 
four. 2. Geol. The 
Quaternary period. [L. quaternarius.] 

QUATERNATE (kwa-ter'nat), a. Consisting 
of four; succeeding by fours. [L. quatemi, 
four each.] 

QUATERNION (kwa-ter'ni-un), n. 1. The 
number four. 2. File of four soldiers. [L. 
quaternio.] 

QUATERNIONS (kwa-ter'nl-unz), n.pl. Kind of 
calculus or method of mathematical investi- 
gation. 

QUATRAIN (kwot'ran or ka'tran), n. Stanza 
of four lines rhyming alternately. [Fr.] 

QUATRE BRAS (ka'tr bra). Battlefield, in 
Belgium, 10 m. S. E. of Waterloo. 

QUATREFOIL (ka'ter-foil), n. Ornamental 
figure, being an 
opening in tra- 
cery divided by 
cusps into four 
leaves. [L. quat- 
tuor, four, and 
folium, leaf.] 

QUAVER (kwa'ver), 

vi. [pr.p. QUA'VERING 
VERED (kwa'verd).] 1. 




Quatrefoils. 



p.t. and p.p. QUA- 
Shake. 2. Sing or 
play with tremulous modulations. [Allied to 
QUIVER.] 

QUAVER (kwa'ver), n. 1. Vibration of the 
voice. 2. Note in music =\ crotchet or \ of 
a semibreve. 

QUAY (ke), n. Wharf for the loading or un- 
loading of vessels. [Fr. quai.] 

QUEAN (kwen), n. Saucy girl; hussy; low or 
Ill-bred woman. [A. S. cwen, woman, queen.] 

QUEASINESS (kwe'zi-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being queasy. 

QUEASY (kwe'zi), a. 1. Sick; squeamish; in- 
clined to vomit. 2. Causing nausea. 3. Fas- 
tidious. [Norw. kveis, sickness after a debauch.] 

QUEBEC (kwe-bek'), n. Capital of Quebec Prov- 
ince, Canada, on St. Lawrence River. 

QUEEN (kwen), n. 1. Wife of a king. 2. Fe- 
male sovereign. 3. Best or chief of her kind. 
[A. S. cwen, queen, woman.] 



QUEEN-BEE (kwen 'be), n. Fully developed 
female bee in a hive or nest. 

QUEEN CONSORT (kwen-kon'sart), w. Wife 
of the reigning sovereign; opposed to QUEEN- 
REGENT. 

QUEEN-DOWAGER (kwen-dow'a-jer), n. Wid- 
ow of a deceased king. 

QUEENLINESS (kwen'li-nes), n. State or con- 
dition of being queenly. 

QUEENLY (kwen'Ii), a. Like a queen. 

QUEEN-MOTHER (kwen mutfc'er), n. Mother 
of the reigning king or queen. 

QUEEN-REGENT (kwen re'jent), n. Queen 
who holds the crown in her own right; also 
queen acting as regent. 

QUEEN-REGNANT (kwen-reg'nant), n. Queen 
holding the crown in her own right. 

QUEENSLAND (kwenz'land), n. British colony, 
Australia. Area, 668,496 sq. m. 

QUEENSTOWN (kwenz'town), n. Seaport, Ire- 
land, on S. side of Great Island, in Cork Har- 
bor. 

QUEEN'S-WARE (kwenz'war), w. English 
glazed earthenware of a creamy color. 

QUEER (kwer), a. Odd; singular. [Gr. quer, 
oblique, akin to A. S. thweorh, thwart.] 

SYN. Droll ; whimsical ; eccentric ; strange ; 
curious; extraordinary; crotchety. ANT. 
Ordinary; common; usual; familiar; cus- 
tomary. 

QUEER (kwer), n. Counterfeit money. (Colloq.) 

QUEER (kwer), vt. [pr.p. QUEERING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUEERED (kwerd).] Spoil. (Colloq.) 

QUEERLY (kwer'li), adv. In a queer manner. 

QUEERNESS (kwer'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being queer. 

QUELL (kwel), vt. [pr.p. QUELL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUELLED (kweld).] Crush; subdue; allay. 
[A. S. cwellan, kill.] 

QUELLER (kwel'er), n. One who quells. 

QUENCH (kwench), vt. [pr.p. QUENCH'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. QUENCHED (kwencht).] Put 
out; destroy; check; allay. [A. S. cwencan.] 

QUENCH ABLE (kwench'a-bl), a. That may 
be extinguished. 

QUENCHER (kwench'gr), n. One who quenches. 

QUENCHLESS 
(kwench'les),o. That 
cannot be quenched. 

QUERCUS (kwer'kus), 
n. Bot. Tree and 
flower of the order 
Cupulifero3, being a 
kind of oak that 
bears blossoms and 
fruit. [L. quercus, 
oak.] 

QUERIMAN (kwer'l- Quer cus (Q . den si flora) . 
man), n. Name of several species of West 
Indian and Brazilian mullets, as Mugil curema. 
[Pg. curiman, Brazilian fish, prob. from native 
Indian word.] 

QUERIST (kwe'rist), n. Questioner. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bflrn., 
" ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



QUERISTER 



890 



QUIETIST 




Quern. 



QUERISTER (kwer'is-ter), n. Same as CHOR- 
ISTER. 

QUERL (kwerl),trt. [pr.p. OUERL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUERLED (kwe rid).] Coil or twirl. [Cf. 
Ger. querle, twirl.] 

QUERN (kwern), 
n. Hand grain 
mill. [A. S. 
ctceorn.] 

QUERULOUS 
(kwer'o-lus), a, 
Complaining; 
discontented. 

QUERULOUSLY 
( kwer'o-lus-i ), 
adv. In a queru- 
lous manner. 

QUERULOUS- 
NESS (kwer'- 
o-lus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being querulous. 

QUERY (kwe'ri) n. [pi. QUERIES (kwe- 
riz).] 1. Inquiry or question. 2. Mark of 
interrogation (?). [L. qucere, imperative of 
qucero, inquire.] 

QUERY (kwe'ri), v. [pr.p. QUERYING; p.t. 
and p.p. QUERIED (kwe'rid).] I. vt. 1. 
Inquire into; question; doubt of. 2. Mark 
with a query. II. vi. 1. Ask a question or 
questions. 2. Express doubt. 

QUEST (kwest), n. 1. Act of seeking; search; 
pursuit. 2. Request or desire. [O.Fr. queste 
— L. qucero, qucesitum, seek.] 

QUESTION (kwes'chun), n. 1. Inquiry; ex- 
amination; investigation. 2. Dispute; doubt. 
3. Subject of discussion. [L. qucestio.] 

QUESTION (kwes'chun), v. [pr.p. QUESTION- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. QUESTIONED (kwes'- 
chund).] I. vt. 1. Ask a question or ques- 
tions of; interrogate. 2. Doubt; distrust. 
II. vi. 1. 3Iake inquiries. 2. Dispute. 

QUESTIONABLE (kwes'chun-a-bl), a. Doubt- 
ful; uncertain; suspicious. 

QUESTIONABLY (kwes'chun-a-bli), adv. In a 
questionable manner. 

QUESTIONER (kwes'chun-er), n. One who asks 
questions. 

QUESTOR (kwes'tur), n. Roman magistrate 
who had charge of the money affairs of the 
state; treasurer. [L. questor — qucero, ask.] 

QUETZALCOHUATL (kwet-zal-ko-wat'l), n. 
Mexican culture god of weaving, pottery, 
stone houses, and feather work. [Mex. = 
green feather snake.] 

QUEUE (ku), n. 1. Tail-like twist of hair worn 
at the back of the head. 2. Line of people 
waiting, as before the box office of a theater. 
[See CUE.] 

QUIBBLE (kwib'l), n. Evasion; equivocation. 
[From QUIP.] 

QUIBBLE (kwib'l), vi. [pr.p. QUIBBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. QUIBBLED (kwib'ld).] Evade the 
point in question; equivocate. 



QUICK (kwik), I. a. [comp. QUICKER; superl. 
QUICKEST.] 1. Living; moving. 2. Lively; 
ready. 3. Pregnant. II. adv. Rapidly; soon. 
III. n. 1. Living animal or plant. 2. Liv- 
ing flesh; sensitive parts. [A. S. cwic, living.] 

SYN. Speedy; rapid; nimble; sensitive; 
sprightly ; eager ; prompt ; brisk ; expeditious ; 
hasty; agile. ANT. Slow; tardy; slug- 
gish; inactive. 

QUICKEN (kwik'n), v. [pr.p. QUICK'ENING; 
p.t. and p.p. QUICKENED (kwik'nd).] I. vt. 
Make quick or alive; revive; sharpen. II. 
vi. Become alive; move with activity. [A. S. 
ctvician.] 

QUICKENER (kwik'n-er), n. One who or that 
which quickens. 

QUICKLIME (kwik'lim), n. Recently burnt 
lime, caustic or unslaked; carbonate of lime 
without its carbonic acid. 

QUICKLY (kwik'li), adv. In a rapid manner. 

QUICKSAND (kwik'sand), n. Sand readily 
yielding to pressure; anything treacherous. 

QUICKSET (kwik'set), I. n. Living plant set 
to grow for a hedge, particularly the haw- 
thorn. II. a. Consisting of living plants. 

QUICKSIGHTED (kwik'sit-ed), a. Having quick 
or sharp sight; quick in discernment. 

QUICKSILVER (kwik'sil-ver), n. Mercury, so 
called from its great mobility and its silver 
color. 

QUICKSTEP (kwik'step), n. 1. March, at rate 
of 3^ miles an hour, or 110 paces a minute. 
2. Lively dance; music adapted to such dance. 

QUID (kwid), n. Something chewed or kept in 
the mouth, especially a piece of tobacco. [A. 
S. corruption of CUD.] 

QUIDDITY (kwid'i-ti), n. [pi. QUIDDITIES 
(kwid'i-tiz).] 1. Essence of a thing. 2. 
Trifling nicety; cavil; captious question. [L.L. 
quidditas — L. quid, what?] 

QUIDNUNC (kwid'nungk), n. One always on 
the lookout for news. [L. "What now?"] 

QUIESCENCE (kwi-es'ens), n. Rest; silence. 

QUIESCENT (kwi-es'ent), a. Having or making 
no sound; unagitated; silent. [L. quiesco, rest.] 

QUIESCENTLY (kwi-es'ent-li), adv. In a quies- 
cent manner. 

QUIET (kwi'et), I. a. At rest; calm. II. n. 
Repose; peace. [L. quietus — quiesco.] 

SYN. Still; smooth; inoffensive; not 
showy; noiseless; rest; silence. ANT. Un- 
rest; motion; noise; agitation. 

QUIET (kwi'et), vt. [pr.p. QUIETING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUIETED.] 1. Bring to rest. 2. Pac- 
ify. 3. Allay. 

QUIETER (kwi'et-er), n. One who or that 
which quiets. 

QUIETISM (kwi'et-izm), n. 1. Rest of the 
mind; mental tranquillity; apathy. 2. Doc- 
trine that religion consists in repose of the 
mind and passive contemplation of the Deity. 

QUIETIST (kwi'et-ist), n. One who believes 
in quietism. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



QUIETLY 



891 



QUIRK 



QUIETLY (kwi'et-li), adv. In a quiet manner. 

QUIETNESS (kwi'et-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being quiet. 

QUIETSOME (kwi'et-sum), a. Tranquil; still; 
undisturbed. 

QUIETUDE (kwi'e-tud), n. Quiet; rest; repose; 
tranquillity. 

QUIETUS (kwi-e'tus), n. Final settlement or 
discharge. [L., at rest.] 

QUILL (kwil), n. 1. Feather of a goose or 
other bird, used as a pen; pen; anything like 
a quill. 2. Spine as of a porcupine. 3. Reed 
on which weavers wind their thread. 4. In- 
strument for striking the strings of certain 
instruments. 5. Tube of a musical instru- 
ment. [Fr. quille, peg — M. H. Ger. Ml. Cf. 
Ger. Mel, wedge, and kegil, cone, ninepin.] 

QUILL (kwil), vt. [pr.p. QUILL 'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
QUELLED (kwild).] 1. Plait with small round 
ridges like quills. 2. Wind on a quill. 

QUILL-COVERTS (kwil'kuv-erts), n. pi. Feath- 
ers covering bases of large wing- and tail- 
feathers of birds. 

QUILLET (kwil'et), n. Trick in argument; petty 
quibble. [A corrup. of L. quidlibct, "what you 
will."] 

QUILLING (kwil'ing), n. Narrow fluted bor- 
dering. 

QUILT (kwilt), n. Bed-cover of two cloths 
sewed together with something soft between 
them. [O. Fr. cuilte — L. culcita, cushion.] 

QUILT (kwilt), vt. [pr.p. QUILTING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUILT 'ED.] 1. Make into a quilt. 2. 
Stitch like a quilt. 

QUINARY (kwi'na-ri), a. Consisting of or ar- 
ranged in fives. [L. quinarius — quinque, 
five.] 

QUINCE (kwins), n. Fruit with an acid taste 
much used for preserves. 
[O. Fr. coignasse — Gr. 
Cydonia, town in Crete.] 

QUININE (kwi'nin or ki- 
nen'), n. Alkaline sub- 
stance obtained from the 
bark of the Cinchona 
tree, much used in med- 
icine in the treatment of 
fevers. [Fr. — Peruvian 
kino, barki] 

QUINOA (ke'no-a), n. See QUINUA. 

QUINQUAGESIMA (kwin-kwa-jes'i-ma), n. Pe- 
riod of fifty days. — Quinquagesima Sunday, 
the Sunday just preceding Lent. [L. quinqua- 
gesimus, fiftieth.] 

QUINQUANGULAR (kwin-kwang'gu-Iar), a. 
Having five angles. [L. quinque, five, and 
ANGULAR.] 

QUINQUENNIAL (kwin-kwen'yal), a. 1. Occur- 
ring once in five years. 2. Lasting five years. 
[L. quinque, five, and annus, year.] 

QUINSY (kwin'zi), n. Inflammatory sore throat. 
[O. Fr. esquinancie — Gr. kynanchS — kyon, dog, 
and ancho, throttle.] 





QUINTAIN (kwin'tan), n. Bag, ring, figure or 

other object to 

be tilted at or 

thrust at with 

sword or spear 

in jousting 

tournaments. 
QUINT AL(kwin'- 

tal), n. Hun- 

dre d w eight, 

either 112 or 

100 pounds. 

[Fr. and Sp. 

quintal — Arab 

qui n tar — L . 

centum, one 

hundred.] Quintain. 

QUINTESSENCE (kwin-tes'ens), n. 1. Pure 

essence of anything. 2. Solution of an essen- 
tial oil in spirit of wine. [Fr. — L. quinta 

essentia, fifth essence.] 
QUINTET, QUINTETTE (kwin-tet'), n. 1. 

Musical composition for five voices or instru- 
ments. 2. Company of five singers or players. 
QUINTILE (kwin'til), n. Aspect of the planets 

when distant from each other one-fifth of the 

zodiac (72°). 
QUINTILLION (kwin-til'yun), n. In the United 

States and France, the sixth power of 1,000, 

or 1 followed by 18 ciphers; in England, 

fifth power of a million, or 1 with 30 ciphers 

annexed. 
QUINTUPLE (kwin'tu-pl), a. 1. Fivefold. 2. 

Music. Having five crotchets in a bar. 3. Bot. 

Arranged according to a system of fives. [L. 

quintuplex.] 
QUINTUPLE (kwin'tu-pl), vt. [pr.p. QUIN- 
TUPLING; p.t. and p.p. QUINTUPLED (kwin'- 

tu-pld).] Multiply fivefold. 
QUINUA (ke'no-a), n. 1. Name of Peruvian 

nutritive plant (Chenopodium 

Quinoa), cultivated chiefly for 

its farinaceous seeds which con- 
stitute a staple food in Peru and 

Bolivia. The leaves are used as 

greens. 2. The seeds of this 

plant or food prepared from 

them. [Peruv.] 
QUIP (kwip), n. Sharp, sarcastic 

turn; gibe; quick retort. [Wei. 

chwip, quick turn.] 
QUIRE (kwir), n. 1. Formerly four 

sheets folded to make eight leaves. 

tion of paper consisting of twenty-four sheets, 

each having a single fold. [O. Fr. quaier (Fr. 

cahier) — L.L. quaterni, by fours — L. quattuor, 

four.] 
QUIRE (kwir), vt. [pr.p. QUIRING; p.t. and p.p. 

QUIRED (kwird).] Fold in quires, or place 

marks between quires. 
QuiRITES (kwi-ri'tez), n.pl. Romans in their 

civic capacity. 
QUIRK (kwerk), n. 1. Quick turn; artful eva- 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii—u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



QUIRT 



893 



QUO WARRANTO 



sion; quibble. 2. Taunt; retort. 3. Slight 
conceit. [Allied to QUIP.] 

QUIRT (kwert), n. Riding whip with handle 
and rawhide lash. [Perhaps from Sp. cuerda, 
cord.] 

QUIT (kwit), vt. [pr.p. QUIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
QUIT or QUITTED.] I. vt. 1. Release from 
obligation or accusation; acquit. 2. Depart 
from; give up. 3. Clear by full performance. 
II. vi. 1. Stop. 2. Leave. — Quit one's self, 
behave. [Fr. quitter — L. quieto — quietus, quiet.] 

SYN. Relinquish; leave; resign; aban- 
don. ANT. Occupy; enter; enforce. 

QUIT (kwit), a. Clear; free. 

QUITCH-GRASS (kwich'gras), n. Troublesome 
weed-grass, spreading by means of rootstalks. 
[From QUICK.] 

QUITCLAIM (kwit'klam), vt. [pr.p. QUIT'- 
CLAIMING; p.t. and p.p. QUIT 'CLAIMED.] 
Give up all title to. 

QUITCLAIM (kwit'klam), I. a. Free from 
claim. II. w. Deed of release. 

QUITE (kwit), adv. 1. Completely. 2, Con- 
siderably^ [Form of QUIT.] 

QUITO (ke'to), n. Capital of Ecuador. 9,350 
feet above the sea. 

QUIT-RENT (kwit'rent), n. Rent on British 
manors by which the tenants are quit or dis- 
charged from other service. 

QUITTANCE (kwit'ans), n. Discharge from a 
debt or obligation. 

QUITTER (kwlt'er), n. One who quits. 

QUIVER (kwiv'er), n. Case for arrows. 
cuivre — O. H. Ger. Jcohhar (Ger. fcoe- 
cher) = A. S. cocur, quiver.] 

QUIVER (kwiv'er), vi. [pr.p. QUIV- 
ERING; p.t. and p.p. QUIVERED 
(kwiv'erd).] Shake with slight and 
tremulous motion; tremble; shiver. 
[A. S. cwifer, eager.] 

QUIVER (kwiv'er), n. Tremor; trem- 
bling. 

QUIVERED (kwiv'erd), a. 1. Fur- Quiver. 
nished with a quiver. 2. Sheathed, as in a 
quiver. 

QUI VIVE (ke vev). Who goes there? — On 
the qui vive, watchful, alert. [Fr., who lives?] 

QUIXOTIC (kwiks-ot'ik), a. Like Don Quixote, 
the knight-errant in the novel of Cervantes; 
romantic to absurdity. 

QUIXOTISM (kwiks'ot-izm), n. Romantic and 
absurd notions, schemes, or actions like those 
of Don Quixote. 

QUIZ (kwiz), n. 1. Riddle or enigma. 2. One 
who quizzes another. 3. Oral examination 
of a pupil or class by a teacher. 4. Odd fel- 
low. [Said to have originated in a wager 
that a new word of no meaning would be the 
talk of Dublin in twenty-four hours, when the 
wagerer chalked the letters quiz all over the 
town. Probably connected with QUESTION.] 

QUIZ (kwiz), v. [pr.p. QUIZ'ZING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUIZZED (kwizd).] I. vt. 1. Puzzle; 



Fr. 




banter; make sport of. 2. Examine nar- 
rowly and with an air of mockery. II. vi. 
Practice quizzing. 

QUIZZER (kwiz'er), n. One who quizzes; quiz. 

QUIZZICAL (kwiz'ik-al), a, 1. Addicted to 
quizzing. 2. Queer; odd. 

QUODLIBET (kwod'li-bet), n. 1. Debatable 
point in an argument. 2. Scholastic argument 
on a subject taken at random. 3. Musical 
medley; two or more harmonizing tunes given 
at the same time. [L. quod, what, neut. of qui, 
who, and libet, it pleases = "what you will."] 

QUOIN (kwoin or koin), n. 1. Wedge used to 
support and steady a stone. 2. External 
angle, especially of a building. 3. Wedge of 
wood or iron put under the breech of heavy 
guns or the muzzle of siege mortars to raise 
them to the proper level. 4. Print. Wedge 
used to fasten the types in the forms. [Same 
as COIN.] 

QUOIT (kwoit or koit), n. Heavy flat ring of 
iron for throwing at a distant point in play. 
[O. Fr. coiter, drive.] 

QUONDAM (kwon'dam), a. Former. [L.] 

QUORUM (kwo'rum), n. Number of the mem- 
bers of any body sufficient to transact busi- 
ness. [L., of whom.] 

QUOTA (kwo'ta), n. Part or share assigned to 
each. [It. — L. quot, how many?] 

QUOTABLE (kwo'ta-bl), a. That may be quoted. 

QUOTATION (kwo-ta'shun), n. 1. Quoting. 2. 
That which is quoted. 3. Current price. — 
Quotation marks, signs (*' ") used to inclose 
words quoted. 

QUOTE (kwot), vt. [pr.p. QUO'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. QUO'TED.] 1. Repeat the words of. 2. 
Adduce for authority. 3. Give the current 
price of. 4. Inclose within quotation marks. 
[O. Fr. quoter, number.] 

SYN. Cite; name; recite. ANT. Mis- 
quote; garble; misstate; pervert. 

QUOTH (kwoth), vt. Said or remarked— used 
only in the 1st and 3rd persons and past tense, 
and always followed by its subject; as, quoth 
I, quoth he. [A. S. cwethan, say.] 

QUOTIDIAN (kwo-tid'i-an), I. a. Occurring 
daily. II. n. Anything returning daily, es- 
pecially a kind of ague. [L. quot, as many as, 
and dies, day.] 

QUOTIENT (kwo'shent), n. Number which 
shows how often one number is contained in 
another. [Fr. — L. quotiens, how often?] 

QUOTITY (kwd'ti-ti), n. 1. Collection con- 
sidered as consisting of individuals. 2. Num- 
ber of individuals in a collection. [L. quot, 
how many?] 

QUOTUM (kwo'tum), n. Quota; share. [L., 
neut. of quotus, of what number?] 

QUO WARRANTO (kwo wor-ran'to). Writ is- 
suing against a person or corporation to com- 
pel a showing of the right by which any office, 
privilege, or franchise is exercised or claimed. 
[L., by what warrant?] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn., 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



893 



RACEMATION 




r(ar), n. [pi. R's (arz).] Eight- 
eenth letter and fourteenth 
consonant of the English al- 
phabet. It has two sounds: l. 
At the beginning of words and 
syllables and when preceded 
by a consonant it is decidedly 
consonantal, as in rise, prize. 
2. At the end of words and syl- 
lables it has a sort of vocal murmur, as in 
roar. In some localities, when followed by 
a consonant at the end of a syllable, the r 
is pronounced very lightly or not at all; as, 
jam (fam) for farm (farm). 
Ka (ra), Re (ra), n. Egyptian sun god, protector 

of men; deity of supreme power. 
RABAT (ra-ba/), n. 1. Neck-band with flaps worn 
by French ecclesiastics. 2. Turned-down 
collar or ruff. [Fr.] 
RABATE (ra-baf), vt. [pr.p. RABA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. BABA'TED.] 1. Beat down; abate. 
2. In falconry, recover (a hawk) to the fist. 
[Fr. rabattre, beat down.] 
RABBET (rab'et), n. Groove cut in the edge of 
a plank so that another may fit into it. [Fr. 
raboter, plane.] 
RABBET (rab'et), vt. \pr.p. RAB'BETING; p.t. 
and p.p. RAB'BETED.] 1. Cut a rectangular 
groove in. 2. Lap and unite the edges of, as 
boards, by a rabbet. 
RABBET-PLANE (rab'- 
et-plan), n. Carpenter's 
plane designed to cut rab- 
bets or grooves in the 
edge of a plank. 
RABBI (rab'i or rab'i), n. 

\pl. RABBIS (rab'iz or rab'iz).] 1. Jewish 
title of a doctor or expounder of the law. 2. 
Pastor of a Hebrew congregation or syna- 
gogue. [Heb. rabbi — rdbab, be great.] 
RABBIN (rab'in), n. Same as RABBI. [Fr.] 
RABBINIC (ra-bin'ik), RABBINICAL (ra-bin'- 
ik-al), a. Pertaining to the rabbis or to their 
opinions, learning and language. 
RABBINISM (rab'in-izm), n. 1. Doctrine or 
teaching of the rabbis. 2. Rabbinic expression. 




Rabbet-plane. 



the 




RABBINIST (rab'in-ist), ». Adherer 

Talmud and tradi- 
tions of the rabbis. 
RABBIT (rab'it), n. 

Small rodent bur- 
rowing animal of 

the hare family. — 

Welsh rabbit, melted 

cheese, seasoned and 

poured over hot toast; 

rarebit. [O. Fr. rabot.] 
RABBLE (rab'i), n. 1. Disorderly, noisy crowd; 

mob. 2. Lowest class of people. [Dut. rabbel- 

en, gabble.] 
RABBLE (rab'i), vt. [pr.p. RAB'BLING; p.t. and 

p.p. RABBLED (rab'ld).] Stir and skim (melted 

iron) with a puddling-tool. 



not a corruption of 




Raccoon. 



RABID (rab'id), a. Furious; extremely fanatical; 
affected with rabies; mad. [L. rabies, rage.] 

RABIDLY (rab'id-li), adv. In a rabid manner. 

RABIDNESS (rab'id-nes), n. State of being 
rabid; madness. 

RABIES (ra'bi-ez or rab'i-ez), n. Disease (espe- 
cially of dogs) from which hydrophobia is 
communicated to man and other animals by 
infection. [L.] 

RABIETIC (ra-bi-et'ik), a. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling rabies. 

RABOT (ra'but), n. Hardwood block used in 
rubbing to prepare marble for polishing. [Fr. 
raboter, smooth.] 

RACA (ra'ka), a. Worthless (term of reproach 
used by the Jews). [Chaldee reka.] 

RACCOON, RACOON (rak- 
kon'), n. Carnivorous 
animal of N. America, 
valuable for its fur. [Am. 
Indian arathcone, raccoon 
— Fr. raton, raccoon; ac- 
commodated to Fr., ra- 
ton rat.] 

RACE (ras), n. 1. Family; descendants of a 
common ancestor; breed; variety; herd. 2. 
Mankind; human family. 3. Peculiar flavor 
or strength. [Fr. — O. Ger. reiza, line (Ger. 
riss).1 

RACE (ras), n. 1. Running; rapid motion; trial 
of speed; progress; course of action. 2. Rapid 
current; canal to a water-wheel. [A. S. rws, 
rush, race.] 

RACE (ras), v. [pr.p. RA'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
RACED (rast).] I. vt. 1. Cause to run swiftly; 
drive swiftly in a trial or contest of speed. 2. 
Contend in a race with or against. II. vi. 1. 
Run swiftly; contend in a race. 2. Follow the 
business of racing horses. 3. Mach. Run 
without resistance, as a flywheel or pro- 
peller. 
RACEABOTJT (ras'a-bowt), n. Naut. Small 

sloop-rigged racing yacht. 
RACE-CARD (ras'kard), n. Printed card giving 

information about races. 
RACE-CLOTH (ras'klath), w. Saddle cloth with 
pockets for handicap weights in horse-racing. 



i 



RACECOURSE (ras'kors), 
over which races are run. 

RACEHORSE (ras'hars), n 
racing. 

RACE-GINGER (ras'jin-jer) 
root, or not pulverized. [O 
root, and GINGER.] 

RACE-KNIFE (ras'nif), 
n. Mach. Knife with 
curved edge used for 
marking grooves in 
wood or metal. 

RACEMATION (ras-e- 
ma'shun),». 1. Picking 
or pruning of bunches 
of grapes 



n. Course or path 



Horse bred for 

n. Ginger in the 
Fr. rais — L. radix, 




Race-knife 
2. Cluster, as of grapes. [RACEME.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note noi. move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



RACEME 



894 



RADICATE 




RACEME (ra-sem'), n. Flower cluster, as in 
the currant. [L. racemus, bunch of grapes.] 

RACEMED (ra-semd'), a. Having 
racemes. 

RACER (ra'ser), n. 1. One who 
races; racehorse. 2. American 
black snake. 

RACHITIS (ra-ki'tis), n. 1. Inflam- 
mation of the spine. 2. Rickets. 
[Gr. rhachis, ridge, spine.] 

RACIAL (ra'shi-al), a. Pertaining 
to race; ethnological. 

RACILY (ra'si-li), adv. In a racy 
manner. 

RACINESS (ra'si-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being racy. 

RACK (rak), n. 1. Instrument for 
racking or extending; engine for 
stretching the body in order to 
extort a confession. 2. Frame- 
work on which articles are ar- 
ranged; grating above a manger Raceme. 
for hay. 3. Straight bar with teeth to work 
with those of a wheel. 4. Extreme pain, anx- 
iety, or doubt. [A. S. rcecan, stretch.] 

RACK (rak), n. Gait of a horse in which the 
fore feet are said to move as in the gallop, while 
the hind feet move as in the trot. 

RACK (rak),vt. [pr.p. RACKING; p.t. and p.p. 
RACKED (rakt).] 1. Stretch or strain. 2. 
Torture with the rack. 3. Worry; puzzle. 4. 
Oppress by exaction; extort, as to rack rents. 
5. Place on a rack or frame. 6. Naut. Seize 
together with cross-turns, as two ropes. 

RACK (rak), n. Thin or broken clouds, drifting 
across the sky. [Ice. rek, drift.] 

RACK (rak), vt. [pr.p. RACKING; p.t. and p.p. 
RACKED (rakt).] Strain or draw off from the 
lees, as wine. [O. Fr. raquer.] 

RACKER (rak'er), n. One who racks or tortures. 

RACKET (rak'et), n. 1. Frame of wood covered 
with network, and having a handle — used in 
tennis. 2. Snowshoe. 3. [pi.] Game played 
with ball and rackets in a place set apart 
for the purpose. [Fr. raquette — Ar. rahat, palm 
of the hand. 




Racket for Tennis. 



RACKET (rak'et), vt. [pr.p. RACK'ETING; p.t. 

and p.p. RACKETED.] Strike, as with a 

racket. 
RACKET (rak'et), n. Clattering noise. [Gael. 

racaid — rac, cackle.] 
RACK-RAILWAY (rak'ral-wa), n. Railway 

having cogs which work into similar cogs 

on a locomotive. 
RACK-RENT (rak'rent), n. Annual rent 



stretched to the full value of the thing rented 
or nearly so. 

RACY (ra'si), a. 1. Having a strong flavor show- 
ing origin. 2. Exciting the mind by strongly 
characteristic thought or language. [From 
RACE, family.] 

RADIAL (ra'di-al), n. Mach. Arm which acts 
as a. traveling radius to any arc of a circle, 
as in a quadrant or sextant, and is constantly 
at right angles with such arc. 

RADIAL (ra'di-al), a. Pertaining to a ray or 
radius. 

RADIANCE (ra'di-ans), RADIANCY (ra'di-an- 
si), n. Quality of being radiant; brilliancy. 

RADIANT (ra'di-ant), I. a. Emitting rays of 
light or heat; issuing in rays; beaming with 
light; shining. II. n. 1. Luminous point 
from which light emanates. 2. Geom. Straight 
line from a point about which it is conceived 
to revolve. [L. radians — radius.] 

SYN. Lustrous; brilliant; glittering; glo- 
rious; splendid; beauteous. ANT. Lusterless; 
dull; dim; somber. 

RADIATE (ra'di-at), a. Having rays; radiated. 

RADIATE (ra'di-at), v. [pr.p. RA'DIATING; p.t. 
and p.p. RADIATED.] I. vi. Emit rays of 
light; shine; proceed in direct lines from a 
point or surface. II. vt. Send out in rays. 
[L. radio, -atum.] 

RADIATED (ra'di-a-ted), a. Having rays di- 
verging from a common center; rayed. 

RADIATION (ra-di-a'shun), n. Act of radiating 
or state of being radiated. 

RADIATIVE (ra'di-a-tlv), a. Having the quality 
or property of radiating. 

RADIATOR (ra'di-a-tur), n. That which ra- 
diates; specif- 
ically, an 
apparatus for 
radiating 
warmth. 

RADICAL (rad- 
i-kal), I. a. 
1. Pertaining 
to the root or 
origin; reaching to the principle or founda- 
tion; extreme; implanted by nature; not 
derived; serving to originate. 2. Bot. Pro- 
ceeding immediately from the root. 3. JEng. 
Politics. Ultra-liberal; democratic. II. n. 1. 
Root; primitive word or letter. 2. One who 
advocates radical reform. 3. Chem. Rase 
of a compound. 4. Chinese. One of the 
written characters of the Chinese so-called 
alphabet which consists of 214 fundamental 
characters from which all the others are 
formed. [Fr. — L. radix, root.] 

RADICALISM (rad'i-kal-izm), n. Principles or 
spirit of a radical. 

RADICALLY (rad'i-kal-i), adv. In a radical 
manner. 

RADICATE (rad'i-kat), a. Planted deeply and 
firmly; rooted. 




Radiator. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



RADICLE 



895 



RAFFLED 



RADICLE (rad'i-kl), n. 1. Bot. Rootlet; part 
of a seed which in growing becomes the root. 
2. AnaU Root-like part, as the radicle of a 
nerve. [Fr. radicule — L. radicular rootlet, 
dim. of radix, root.] 

RADICOSE (rad'i-kos), a. Having a large root. 
[L. radicosus, full of roots.] 

RADII (ra'di-i), n„ Plural of RADIUS. 

RADIO-, prefix, 1. Of, pertaining to, or char- 
acterized by, rays. 2. Pertaining to or con- 
nected with the radius. [L. radius, ray.] 

RADIOACTIVE (ra-di-6-ak'tiv), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to radioactivity. 2. Emitting Becquerel 
rays, as certain compounds of uranium. 
[RADIO- and ACTIVE.] 

RADIOACTIVITY (ra-di-d-ak-tiv'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being radioactive; property 
possessed by radium, thorium, uranium, and 
certain other substances of emitting Bec- 
querel rays. 

RADIOCHRO- 
NO METER (ra- 
di-6-kro-nom'e- 
ter), n. Chro- 
nometer actu- 
ated by radioac- 
tive force. 

RADIOGONIOME- 
TER (ra-di-6- 
go-ni-om'e-ter), 
n. Device for 
measuring an- 
gles by means of 
rays of light. 

RADIOGRAPH 
(ra'di-6-graf), n. Pic- 
ture or representa- 
tion produced by ra- 
diography. 

RADIOGRAPHER (ra- 
di-og'ra-fer), n. One 
who practices radi- 
ography. 

RADIOGRAPHY (ra- 
di-og'ra-fl), n. Art or 
process of producing 
shadow pictures of 
objects by the action 
of X-rays. [RADIO- 
and -GRAPHY.] 

RADIOMETER (ra-di- 
om'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring 
the mechanical effect 
of radiant energy. [RADIO- and METER.] 

RADIOPHONE (radi-o-fon), n. Instrument pro- 
ducing sound by expansion and contraction of 
body under influence of an intermittent beam 
of radiant heat. 

RADIOPTICON (ra-di-op'tl-kon), n. Device for 
projecting photographs or other pictures that 
have been printed on opaque paper or card- 
board, on a sheet or screen by means of 




a reflecting lens aided by a powerful 
[RADIO- and Gr. optikos, optical.] 



light. 



Radiograph of Frog. 




Radioactive element 



Radiopticon. 

RADIOSCOPE (ra'di-6-skop), n. Any instru- 
ment designed for conducting X-ray examina- 
tions. [RADIO- and -SCOPE.] 

RADIOSCOPY (ra-di-os'ko-pi), n. Use of X- 
rays, Becquerel rays, or other form of radio- 
activity in the examination of opaque objects. 

RADIOTELEGRAPHY (ra-di-6-te-leg'ra-fl), ». 
Same as WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY. 

RADIOTHERAPY (ra-di-6-ther'a-pi), n. The 
use of light-waves, as X-rays, in the treat- 
ment of disease. (RADIO- and THERAPY.] 

RADISH (rad'ish), n. Annual plant the pungent 
root of which Is eaten raw. [Fr. radla — L. 
radix, root.] 

RADIUM (ra'di-um), n. 
discovered in 1902 in 
the oxid of uranium. 
Obtained chiefly from 
pitchblende or urani- 
nlte. [L. radius, ray.] 

RADIUS (ra'di-us), n. 
\pl. RADII (ra'di-i).] 1. 
Straight line from the 
center to the circum- 
ference of a circle. 2. 
Anything like a radius. 
3. Anat. Exterior bone 
of the forearm. 4. Bot. 
Ray of a flower. [L.] , 

RADIX (ra'diks), n. \pl, 
RADICES (ra-di'sez).] 
1. Primitive word. 2. 
Base of a system of logarithms. [L., root.] 

RAFFIA (raf'i-a), n. 1. Species of palm. 2. 
Fiber of this palm. [Malagasy.] 

RAFFLE (raf'l), n. Kind of sale by chance or 
lottery in which some article is to be drawn 
or thrown for by several persons who have 
subscribed a small sum each. [Fr. rafle, old 
game of dice where one who threw all alike 
won the stakes — rafter, sweep away.] 

RAFFLE (raf'l), vt. [pr.p. RAFFLING; p.U and 
p.p. RAFFLED (raf Id).] Dispose of by raffle. 

RAFFLED (raf Id), a. Having the edge finely 
notched like -the teeth of a saw, used of a 
leaf so edged. 




Radium. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 



BAFT 



896 



RAILROADER 



RAFT (raft), n. 

together for a 

support on 

the water. 2. 

Collection of 

logs, hound 

together to he 

conveyed by 

water. [Ice. 

raptr, rafter.] 
RAFT (raft), v. 

[pr.p. RAFT'- 

ING; p.t. and 

p.p. RAFT'- 

ED.] I. vt. 

Transport on 

a raft or as a 

raft; make a raft of. 



1. Pieces of timber fastened 




Raft of Logs. 



II. vi. 1. Use a raft.' 
2. Engage in occupation of transporting rafts 
down a river. 

RAFTER (raft'er), n. 1. Inclined beam sup- 
porting the roof of a house. 2. A steamboat 
used for towing rafts. 

RAFTER (raft'er), vt. [pr.p. RAFT'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. RAFTERED (raft'erd).] Furnish with 
rafters. [A. S. rcefter.] 

RAFTSMAN (rafts'man), n. [pi. RAFTSMEN.] 
One who guides a raft. 

RAG (rag), n. Fragment of cloth; anything rent 
or worn out. [A. S. raggie, rough.] 

RAGAMUFFIN (rag'a-muf-in), n. 1. Low dis- 
reputable person. 2. One in rags. [Name of a 
legendary demon.] 

RAGE (raj), n. 1. Enthusiasm; rapture. 2. 
Anger excited to fury. 3. Fashion; fad. [Fr. 
— L. rabies — rabio, rave.] 

SYN. Fury; ferocity; madness; passion. 
ANT. Reason; moderation; calmness; 
mildness. 

RAGE (raj), vi. [pr.p. RA'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
RAGED (rajd).j 1. Be furious with anger. 
2. Exercise fury; ravage. 3. Prevail fatally, 
as a disease. 4. Be violently agitated. 

RAGGED (rag'ed), o. 1. Torn or worn into rags. 
2. Having a rough edge. 3. Wearing ragged 
clothes. 

RAGGEDLY (rag'ed-li), adv. In a ragged man- 
ner or condition. 

RAGGEDNESS (rag'ed-nes), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being worn to rags. 2. Shabbiness. 

RAGING (ra'jing), a. Acting with rage, violence, 
or fury. 

RAGMAN (rag'man), w. Man who collects or 
deals in rags. 

HagNAROK (rag-na-ruk'), n. Norse Myth. 
The destruction of the universe, the gods, and 
evil-doers by fire, followed by the regeneration 
of all things. [Ice. regin, gods, and rbk, 
reason, confused with rbkr, twilight.] 

RAGOUT (ra-go'), n. 1. Stew of meat with 
herbs; stew highly seasoned. 2. Spicy mix- 
ture. [Fr. ragouter, adapt to the taste.] 

RAGPICKER (ragpik-er), n. 1. One who col- 



lects rags, hones and other waste articles from 
the streets, alleys, etc. 3. Machine for tearing 
old rags to pieces. 

RAGSTONE (rag'ston), RAGG (rag), n. Im- 
pure, ragged, fractured limestone. 

RAG-TAG (rag'tag), n. Ragged people; rabble. 
(Often used with "and bob-tail" of the same 
meaning.) 

RAG-TIME (rag'tim), n. Musical syncopation, 
as in the so-called "negro melodies" ; the bind- 
ing of the second half of a beat into one tone 
with the first half of the next beat. 

RAGWEED (rag'wed), n. Any plant of the 
composite genus Ambrosia. 

RAG-WORK (rag'wiirk), n. 1. Masonry of 
rough flat stones about two inches thick. 2. 
Weaving or knitting strips of rag into carpet. 

RAGWORT (rag'wurt), n. Large coarse weed 
with a yellow flower. [RAG, and A. S. toyrt, 
plant.] 

RAID (rad), n. Hostile or predatory invasion; 
foray; onslaught. [Ice. reidh. See RIDE.] 

RAID (rad), vt. [pr.p. RAID'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RAID'ED.] 1. Make a raid on; plunder. 2. 
Invade for the purpose of making arrests, as 
to raid a saloon. 

RAIL (ral), n. 1. Bar of timber or metal extend- 
ing from one support to another, as in fences, 
staircases, etc. 2. Barrier. 3. One of the iron 
bars on which railway cars run. 4. Arch. 
Horizontal part of a frame and panel. — Third 
rail, one which carries current to motors on 
electric cars. [O. Fr. rattle.] 

RAIL (ral), vt. [pr.p. RAIL'ING; p.t. and p.©. 
RAILED (raid).] 1. Inclose with rails. 2. 
Lay down rails upon. 

RAIL (ral), vi. [pr.p. RAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RAILED (raid).] Brawl; use insolent lan- 
guage. [Fr. rattier.] 

RAIL (ral), RAIL-BIRD (ral'berd), n. Wading 
bird with a harsh 
cry. [Fr. rale, a 
rattling in the 
throat; Ger. ralle.] 

RAILING (ral'ing), 
n. 1. Fence of 
posts and rails ; 
balustrade. 2. 
Rails, or material 
for rails. 

RAILLERY (ral'er- 
i), n. Mockery; 
banter; good-hu- 
mored irony. [Fr. raillerie.] 

RAIL-PLANER (ral'pla-ner), n. Device for 
planing railroad tracks or rails while in use. 

RAIL-POST (ral'pdst), n. Baluster. 

RAILROAD (ral'rod), RAILWAY (ral'wa), n. 
Road or way laid with iron rails on which cars 
run. 

RAILROADER (ral'rod-er), n. One engaged in 
operation, management, or general business of 
a railroad. 




Rail. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. ' 



RAILROAD-WORM 



897 



RAMBLING 



Apple 




RAILROAD-WORM (ral'rod-wurm), n. 

maggot, larva of 

Trypeta pomo- 

nella, which has 

extended its New 

England habitat 

along railroad 

tracks. 
R A I M E N T ( ra'- 

ment), n. That Railroad-worm (Trypeta pomo- 

in which one is nella) and larvae. 

dressed; clothing in general. [Contr. of obs. 

arraiment, array.] 
RAIN (ran), n. Fall of water in drops from the 

clouds, or the drops which fall. [A. S. regn.] 
RAIN (ran), v. [pr.p. RAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

RAINED (rand).] I. vt. Let fall in the manner 

of rain; shower. II. vi. Pour down from the 

clouds in drops of water; shower. 
RAINBOW (ran'bo), n. Brilliant-colored arch 

of light, due to refraction and reflection, seen 

when rain is falling opposite the shining sun. 
RAINBOW-TROUT (ran'bo-trowt), n. Variety 

of the California salmon (Salmo gairdneri). 
RAINDROP (ran'drop), n. Drop of rain. 
RAINFALL (ran'fal), n. 1. Fall of rain. 2. 

Amount of water that falls in a given time 

in the form of rain. 
RAIN-GAGE, RAIN-GAUGE (ran'gaj), n. In- 
strument for measuring the quantity of rain 

that falls. 
RAININESS (ran'i-nes), n. State of being rainy. 
RAINLESS (ran'les), a. Without rain. 
RAINSTORM (ran'starm), n. Heavy downpour 

of rain accompanied by storm. . 
RAIN-WATER (ran'wa-ter), n. Water that has 

fallen from the clouds in the form of rain. 
RAINY (ran'i), a. Characterized by, or abound- 
ing in, rain; showery. 
RAISE (raz), vt. [pr.p. RAIS'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. RAISED (razd).] 1. Cause to rise; exalt; 

elevate; excite; set upright. 2. Originate; 

produce. 3. Recall from death. 4. Cause to 

swell, as dough. [Ice. reisa.] 

SYN. Heighten; lift; heave; hoist; erect; 

cause; grow; increase. ANT. Lay; depress; 

degrade: lower. 
RAISIN (ra'zn), n. Dried ripe grape. [Fr. — L. 

racemus, bunch of grapes.] 
RAJAH (ra'ja or ra'ja), ». Native prince 

Hindustan. [Hind.] 
RAKE (rak), n. Instrument with teeth 

pins for smoothing 

earth, collecting 

hay, etc. [A. S. 

raca.] 
RAKE (rak), vt. [pr.p. 

RAKING; p.t. and 

p.p. RAKED (rakt).J 

1. Scrape with some- 
thing toothed. 2, 

Draw ogether; gather with difficulty. 

Level with a rake. 4. Search 



in 



or 




Sulky Rake. 

3. 
diligently 



over. 5. Pass over violently; fire into, as 
a ship, lengthwise. 

RAKE (rak), n. Dissolute man; debauchee. 
[Ice. reika, wander.] 

RAKE (rak), n. 1. Projection of the stem and 
stern of a ship beyond the extremities of the 
keel. 2. Inclination of a mast from the per- 
pendicular. [Scand. raka, reach. — A.S. rcecan.] 

RAKER (ra'ker), n. One who or that which 
rakes. 

RAKING (ra'king), I. n. 1. Act of operating 
or using a rake. 2. That which is raked up 
or collected with a rake. 3. Sharp criticism; 
rating. II. a. Such as to rake; as, a, raking fire. 

RAKISH (ra'kish), a. Like a rake; dissolute; 
debauched. 

RAKISH (ra'kish), a. Naut. Having a rake or 
inclination of the masts. 

RAKISHLY (ra'kish-li), adv. In a rakish man- 
ner. 

RALE (ral), n. Pathol. Abnormal sound heard 
on auscultation of the lungs. [Fr. rdler, 
rattle.] 

RALEIGH (ra'li), n. Capital of N. Carolina. 

RALLIER (ral'i-er), n. One who rallies. 

RALLY (ral'i), v. [pr.p. RAL'LYING; p.t. and 
p.p. RALLIED (ral'id).] I. vt. 1. Gather 
again. 2. Collect and arrange, as troops in 
confusion. 3. Recover. II. vi. 1. Reassemble 
especially after confusion. 2. Recover wasted 
strength. [Fr. rattier — L. re, again, ad> to, and 
ligo, bind.] 

RALLY (ral'i), n. [pi. RALLIES (ral'iz).] 1. 
Rapid recovery of normal condition. 2. Public 
political meeting. 

RALLY (ral'i), v. [pr.p. RAL'LYING; p.*. and p.p. 
RALLIED (ral'id).] I. vt. Attack with raillery; 
banter. II. vi. Exercise raillery. [Fr. railler, 
A variant of RAIL, vi.] 

RALLY (ral'i), n. Act of raillery; banter. 

RAM (ram), n. 1. Male sheep. 2. [R-] Astron. 
Aries, one of the signs of the zodiac. 3. 
Engine of war for battering, with a head like 
that of a ram. 4. Hydraulic engine; also 
called water-ram. 5. Ship of war armed with 
a heavy iron beak for running down a hostile 
vessel. [A. S.] 

RAM (ram), vt. [pr.p. RAM 'MING; p.t. and p.p, 
RAMMED (ramd).] 1. Thrust with violence, 
as a ram with its head. 2. Force together. 
3. Drive hard down. 

RAMBLE (ram'bl), vi. [pr.p. RAM'BLING; p.t, 
and p.p. RAMBLED (ram'bld).] 1. Go from 
place to place without object. 2. Be desultory, 
as in discourse. [Freq. of ROAM.] 

SYN. Wander ; stroll ; range ; roam ; rove ; 
saunter; stray. ANT. Speed; course; pro- 
ceed directly. 

RAMBLE (ram'bl), w. 1. A roving about. 2. 
An irregular excursion. 3. Place in which to 
ramble. 

RAMBLING (ram'bling), a. 1. Moving about 
irregularly. 2. Desultory. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



RAMBLINGLY 



898 



RANKLE 



RAMBLINGLY (ram'bling-li), adv. In a ram- 
bling manner. 

RAMIE (ram'e), n. Grass cloth plant, or its 
fiber. [Malay.] 

RA31IFICATION (ram-i-fi-ka'shuu), n. 1. 

Division or separation into branches. 2. 
Branch; division or subdivision. 3. Bot. 
Manner of producing branches. 

RA3IIFY (ram'i-fi), v. [pr.p. RAM'IFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. RAMIFIED (ram'i-fid).] I. vt. 
Make or divide into branches. II. vi. 1. 
Shoot into branches. 2. Be divided or spread 
out. [Fr. ramifier — L. ramus, branch, and 
facio, make ] 

RAMMER (ram'er), n. One who or that which 
rams. 

RAMOSE (ra-mos'), RAMOUS (ra'mus), a. 
Branched as a stem or root. 

RAMP (ramp), vi. [pr.p. RAMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. RAMPED (rampt).] 1. Climb or creep, 
as a plant. 2. Leap or bound. [Fr. ramper, 
clamber — root of Ger. raffen, snatch.] 

RAMP (ramp), n. 1. A gradual slope or inclined 
plane between one level and another. 2. Con- 
cave bend at the top or cap of a railing, wall, 
or coping. 3. Romp. 

RAMPAGE (ram'paj), n. Exited or violent ac- 
tivity. [From RAMP, leap.] 

RA3IPAGE0US (ram-pa'jus), a. 1. Unruly; 
boisterous. 2. Conspicuous; glaring. 

RAMPANT (ram'pant), a. 1. Ramping; over- 
growing usual bounds; overleaping restraint. 
2. Her. Standing on the hind legs. [Fr., 
pr.p. of ramper, creep, climb.] 

RAMPART (ram'part), n. 1. That which de- 
fends from assault, or danger. 2. Fort. Mound 
or wall surrounding a fortified place. [Fr. 
rempart — remparer, defend.] 

RAMROD (ram'rod), n. Rod used in ramming 
down the charge in a gun. 

RAMSHACKLE (ram'shak-1), a. Loose; tum- 
ble-down. [Ice. ramshakkr, distorted.] 

RAN (ran), v. Past tense of RUN. 

RANCH (ranch), n. 1. Stock-farm; farm. 2. 
Persons employed on a ranch. [Western U. S. 
— Sp. rancho, mess room.] 




Ranch Outfit of Cowboys. 

RANCH (ranch), vi. [pr.p. RANCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RANCHED (rancht).] Follow the 
business of a ranchman; engage in ranch- 
ing. 

RANCHER (ranch'er), n. Person engaged in 
ranching; ranchman. 

RANCHERO (ran-cha'ro), n. Overseer on a 
ranch; ranchman. [Sp.] 



RANCHING (ranch'ing), n. Business of con- 
ducting a ranch. 

RANCHMAN (ranch'man), n. [pi. RANCH'- 
MEN.] Man in charge of a ranch; rancher. 

RANCHO (ran'cho),w. [pi. RANCHOS (ran'choz).] 
1. Hut for herdsmen. 2. Stock-farm. TSp.] 

RANCID (ran'sid), a. Fetid or soured; rank; 
offensive. [L. rancidus, putrid.] 

SIN. Sour; tainted; rank. ANT. Sweet; 
fresh. 

RANCIDITY (ran-sid'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being rancid. 

RANCIDLY (ran'sid-li), adv. In a rancid 
manner. 

RANCIDNESS (ran'sid-nes), n. Rancidity; 
rankness. 

RANCOR (rang'kur), n. Deep-seated enmity; 
spite; virulence. [L.L.] 

RANCOROUS (rang'kiir-us), a. Full of or char- 
acterized by rancor. 

RANCOROUSLY (rang'kur-us-li), adv. In a 
rancorous manner. 

RANDOM (ran'dum), I. n. Indeterminate 
course; hazard. II. a. Aimless; haphazard. 
[O. Fr. randon, impetuosity.] 

RANG (rang), v. Past tense of RING. 

RANGE (ranj), v. [pr.p. RANGING; p.t. and 
p.p. RANGED (ranjd).] I. vt. 1. Set in a row; 
place in proper order. 2. Rove or pass over. 3. 
Sail in a direction parallel to. II. vi. 1. Be 
placed in order; lie in a particular direction. 2. 
Rove at large; sail or pass near. [Fr. ranger — 
rang, rank.] 

RANGE (ranj), n. 1. Row; rank. 2. Class. 3. 
"Wandering; room for passing to and fro; 
space occupied by anything moving; distance 
to which a shot is carried; capacity of mind; 
extent of requirements. 4. Target ground. 5. 
Long cooking-stove. 

RANGER (ran'jer), n. 1. Rover. 2. Dog that 
beats the ground, searching for game. 3. 
Officer who superintends a forest or park. 
4. Mounted, ranging soldier. 

RANGOON (rang-gon')» «. Capital of Lower 
Burma, chief seaport of Burma. 

RANINE (ra'nin), a. Pertaining to or like a frog. 
[L. rana, frog.] 

RANK (rangk), n. 1. Row or line, especially 
of soldiers standing side by side. 2. Class; or- 
der; grade; station. 3. High social position. — 
The ranks, the order of common soldiers. — 
Rank and file, whole body of common soldiers. 

RANK (rangk), v. [pr.p. RANKING; p.t. and 
p.p. RANKED (rangkt).] I. vt. 1. Place in a 
line. 2. Range in a particular class. II. vi. 
1. Be placed in a rank. 2. Have a certain 
degree of elevation or distinction. [Fr. rang.] 

RANK (rangk), a. 1. Growing high and luxu- 
riant; coarse from excessive growth. 2. 
Very fertile. 3. Strong scented ; rancid ; having 
a strong taste. [A. S. ranc, fruitful, proud.] 

RANKLE (rang'kl), vi. [pr.p. RAN'KLING; p.t. 
and p.p. RANKLED (rang'kld).] Be inflamed; 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 






RANKLY 



899 



HARE 



fester; be a source of disquietude or excite- 
ment. [From RANK.] 

RANKLY (rangk'li), adv. In a rank manner. 

RANKNESS (rangk'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rank. 

RANSACK (ran'sak), vt. [pr.p. RANSACKING; 
p.t. and p.p. RANSACKED (ran'sakt).] Search 
thoroughly; plunder. [Ice. rannsaka — rann, 
house, and saka, seek.] 

RANSOM (ran'sum), n. 1. Price paid for re- 
demption from captivity or punishment. 2. 
Release from captivity. [Fr. ran con — L. re- 
demption redemption.] 

RANSOM (ran'sum), vt. [pr.p. RAN'SOMING; 
p.t. and p.p. RANSOMED (ran'sumd).] Re- 
deem from captivity, punishment or owner- 
ship. 

RANSOMER (ran'sum-er), n. One who ransoms. 

RANSOMLESS (ran'sum-les), a. Without pay- 
ment of ransom. [RANSOM and LESS.] 

RANT (rant), vi. [pr.p. RANT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RANT'ED.] Use extravagant or violent lan- 
guage; be noisy in words. [O. Dut. ranten, 
rave. Cf. L. Ger. ranzen.] 

RANT (rant), n. Boisterous, empty declamation. 

RANTER (rant'er), n. One who rants. 

RANTINGLY(rant'ing 11), adv. Ina ranting way. 

K/ANUNCULUS (ra-nung'ku-lus), n. Genus of 
plants, including the crowfoot, 
buttercup, etc. 

RAP (rap), n. 1. Sharp blow. 2. 
Knock, or sound made by knock- 
ing. [Dan. rap; Sw. and Norw. 
rapp.] 

RAP (rap), v. [pr.p. RAP'PING; 
p.t. and p.p. RAPPED (rapt).] 

1. vt. Hit with a sharp, quick 
blow. II. vi. Strike a sharp 
blow on something; knock for 
admittance. 

RAP (rap), vt. [pr.p. RAP'PING; 
• p.t. and p.p. RAPPED (rapt) or 

RAPT.] Transport out of one's 

with transport or ecstasy. [Sw. rappa, snatch.] 
RAPACIOUS (ra-pa'shus), a. Given to plunder; 

ravenous; greedy of gain. [L. rapax — rapio, 

seize.] 

SYN. Voracious; grasping; avaricious. 

ANT. Bountiful; liberal. 
RAPACIOUSLY (ra-pa'shus-li), adv. In a ra- 
pacious manner. 
RAPACIOUSNESS (ra-pa'shus-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being rapacious. 
RAPACITY (ra-pas'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 

being rapacious; rapaciousness. 
RAPE (rap), n. 1. Act of seizing by force. 2. 

Violation of the chastity of a female. [L. 

rapio, snatch.] 
RAPE (rap), v. [pr.p. RA'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

RAPED (rapt).] I. vt. 1. Seize and carry off. 

2. Commit a rape on; ravish. II. vi. Com- 
mit rape. 




Asiatic Ra- 
nunculus (R. 
Asiaticus) . 

self; affect 




Rape (Brassica 

campestris) . 



RAPE (rap), n. Plant nearly allied to the turnip, 
cultivated for its herbage 
and oil-producing seeds. 
[L. rapum, turnip.] 

RAPE-CAKE (rap'kak), n. 
Cake made of the refuse 
after the oil has been 
expressed from the rape- 
seed. 

RAPE-OIL (rap'oil), n. Oil 
obtained from rape-seed. 

RaPHAELISM (raf'a-el- 
izm), n. Principles of 
painting introduced by 
Raphael, the Italian painter, 1483-1520. 

RAPHAELITE (raf 'a-el-it), n. One who follows 
the principles of Raphael. 

RAPID (rapid), I. a. Hurrying along; very 
swift; speedy. II. n. Part of a river where 
the current is more rapid than usual (gen- 
erally in the plural). [L. rapidus — rapio.) 

RAPID-FIRE (rap'id-fir), a. 1. Quick-firing or 
repeating; as, a rapid-fire gun. 2. Character- 
ized by rapidity of movement; as, a rapid-fire 
t ross-examination. 

RAPIDITY (ra-pid'i-ti), n. Quickness of motion 
or utterance; swiftness; velocity. 

RAPIDLY (rap'id-li), adv. In a rapid manner. 

RAPIDNESS (rap'id-nes), n. Rapidity. 

RAPIER (ra'pi-er), n. Light sword with a 
straight, narrow blade (often foursided), used 
only in thrusting. [Fr. rapiere — Sp. raspa- 
dera.] 



Rapier. 

RAPINE (rap'in), n. Act of seizing and carrying 
away forcibly; plunder; violence. [Fr. — L. 
rapina — rapio, seize.] 

RAPPEE (rap-pe'), n. Moist, coarse kind of 
snuff. [Fr. rape, rasped, grated — raper, rasp.] 

RAPPER (rap'er), n. 1. One who raps. 2. Door- 
knocker. 

RAPSCALLION (rap-skal'yun), n. Rascally per- 
son; but the word frequently has a shade of 
tolerance or affection. 

RAPT (rapt), a. Raised to rapture; transported; 
ravished. [L. rapio, snatch.] 

RAPTORIAL ( rap-to ri-al), a. Seizing by vio- 
lence, as a bird of prey. [L. raptor, snatcher — 
rapio.] 

RAPTURE (rap'tur), n. Extreme delight; ecs- 
tasy. [L. rapio, seize.] 

SYN. Transport; bliss; ravishment. 
ANT. Agony; torture; pain; ennui; tedium. 

RAPTUROUS (rap'tur-us), o. Full of rapture; 
ecstatic. 

RARATONGA, RAROTONGA (ra-ra-tong'- 
ga), n. Largest of Cook's Islands, Pacific. 

RARE (rar), a. Not thoroughly cooked. [A.S. 
JirSr, underdone (used of eggs only) — hrSr-wg, 
scrambled egg. Ci. Ger. rlihr-ei, scrambled egg.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, £Aen, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



RARE 



900 



RATE 



RARE (rar), a. 1. Thin; not dense. 2. Not 
frequent. 3. Excellent. [Fr. — L. varus.] 

SYN. Unusual; scarce; incomparable; 
extraordinary; uncommon; unique. ANT. 
Frequent; ordinary; common; dense. 

RAREBIT (rar'bit), n. Erroneous, but com- 
mon substitute for the word RABBIT in the 
jocularly applied name Welsh rabbit, mis- 
understood as being formed from the words 
RARE and BIT. 

RAREFACTION (rar-e-fak'shun), n. Act of 
rarefying; expansion of aeriform bodies. 
[Fr. — L. rarefactus, p.p. of rarefacio, rarefy.] 

RAREFY (rar'e-fl), v. [pr.p. RAREFYING; p.*. 
and p.p. RAREFIED (rar'e-fid).] I. vt. 1. Make 
rare, thin, or less dense. 2. Expand without 
adding to. II. vi. Become thin and porous. 
[Fr. rarefier — L. rarefacio, make thin.] 

RARELY (rar'li), adv. 1. Not often; seldom. 
2. Unusually well; finely. 

RARENESS (rar'nes), w. 1. Quality of being 
rare or unusual; rarity. 2. Unusual excel- 
lence. 3. Thinness; tenuity; porosity. 

RARENESS (rar'nes), n. State or quality of being 
rare or underdone. 

RARITY (rar'i-ti), n. [pi. RARITIES (rar'i-tiz).] 
1. State of being rare. 2. Something curious 
or valued for its scarcity. 

RASCAL (ras'kal), n. Dishonest, tricky fellow; 
knave; rogue. [O. Fr. rascaille, scum of the 
people.] 

RASCALITY (ras-kal'i-ti), n. [pi. RASCALITIES 
(ras-kal'i-tiz).] Mean trickery or dishonesty; 
fraud. 

RASCALLY (ras'kal-i), a. Mean ; vile ; worthless ; 
base. 

RASE (raz), vt. [pr.p. RA'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
RASED (razd).] 1. Scratch or blot out; efface; 
cancel. 2. Level with the ground; demolish; 
raze. [Fr. raser — L. rado, scrape.] 

RASH (rash), n. Slight eruption on the body. 
[O. Fr. rasche — L. rado, scrape.] 

RASH (rash), a. Hasty; sudden; incautious. 
[Dan. and Sw. rask — Ger. rasch, rapid.] 

SYN. Foolhardy; adventurous; precipi- 
tate; headstrong; reckless; incautious; 
venturesome. ANT. Careful; circumspect; 
cautious. 

RASHER (rash'er), n. Thin slice of fried or 
boiled bacon. [Prob. so called because "rash- 
ly" or quickly cooked.] 

RASHLY (rash'li), adv. In a rash manner; 
hastily; recklessly. 

RASHNESS (rash'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rash; precipitation; foolhardiness. 

RASORES (ra-so'rez), n.pl. Ornith. Order of 
gallinaceous birds. [L., pi. of rasor, scraper.] 
RASORIAL (ra-so'ri-al), a. Belonging to an 
order of birds (Rasores) which scrape the 
ground for their food, as the hen. 
RASP (rasp), vt. [pr.p. RASP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RASPED (raspt).] 1. Grate with a coarse 
file. 2. Irritate; fret. [O. Fr. rasper, scrape.] 



RASP (rasp), n. Coarse file, for use upon soft 
substances, as wood, horn, etc. 




Brown or Norwegian Rat 

(Mus Norwegicus). 



Rasp. 

RASPBERRY (raz'ber-i), n. [pi. RASPBERRIES 
(raz'ber-iz).] 1. Kind of bramble, whose fruit 
has a rough outside like a rasp. 2. Its fruit. 

RASPER (rasp'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
rasps ; rasp ; scraper. 2. Hunting. High fence. 

RASPING (rasp'ing), a. 1. Having the character 
of scraping or rubbing. 2. Irritating; vex- 
atious. 3. Having a grating or scraping sound. 
4. Hunting. Difficult to get over, said of a 
fence. 

RASPY (rasp'i), a. Grating; rough; harsh. 

RASURE (ra'zhor), n. 1. Act of scraping, sha- 
ving or erasing. 2. Obliteration ; erasure. [See 
RASE.] 

RAT (rat), n. 1. Animal of the mouse kind, but 
larger and more 
destructive. 2. 
Opprobri ous 
term applied to 
non-union 
workmen. [A.S. 
rait, rat.] 

R AT( rat), vi. [pr.p. 
RAT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. RATTED.] 1. Kill rats. 2. Desert 
one's associates from selfish or mercenary 
motives. 3. Take employment in an estab- 
lishment where the regular employes have 
struck. 

RATABILITY (ra-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being ratable. 

RATABLE (ra'ta-bl), a. 1. That may be rated 
or set at a certain value. 2. Subject to taxa- 
tion. 

RATABLENESS (ra'ta-bl-nes), n. Same as 
RATABILITY. 

RATABLY (ra'ta-bli), adv. By rate or propor- 
tion. 

RATAFIA (rat-a-fe'a), n. Spirituous liquor 
flavored with fruit. [Malay, araqtafia; from 
Ar. araq, arrack, and Malay, tafia, rum.] 

RATCH (rach), n. 1. Rack or bar with teeth 
into which a click drops. 2. Wheel which 
makes a clock strike. [Form of RACK.] 

RATCHET (rach'et), n. Bar acting on the teeth 
of a ratchet-wheel, permitting the wheel to 
rotate in one direction only ; pawl. 

RATCHET-DRILL (rach'et-dril), 
n. Drill whose rotary move- 
ment is derived from a ratchet 
and pawl actuated by a lever. 

RATCHET-WHEEL (rach'et- 
hwel), n. Wheel having teeth 
for a ratchet. 

RATE (rat), n. 1. Ratio; proportion; allow- 
ance. 2. Standard; value; price; class of a 




Ratchet-wheel 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



RATE 



901 



RATTLER 



ship. 3. Movement, as fast or slow. 4. Tax. 

[O. Fr. — L. ratus, fixed, p.p. of reor, reckon.] 
RATE (rat), v. [pr.p. RATING; p.t. and p.p. 

RA'TED.] I. vt. Calculate; estimate; settle 

the relative rank, scale, or position of. II. 

vi. 1. Make an estimate. 2. Be placed In 

a certain class. 

SYN. Value; appraise; assess; compute; 

reckon. 
RATE (rat), vt. [pr.p. RA'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

RA'TED.] Take to task; scold; berate. [Sw. 

rata, blame.] 
RATEPAYER (rat'pa-er), n. One who Is 

assessed and pays a rate or tax. 
RATHER (rafft'er), adv. 1. More willingly; in 

preference. 2. More so than otherwise. 3. 

On the contrary. 4. Somewhat. [A. S. hrathor, 

comp. of hrathe, quick.] 
RATHSKELLER (rats'kel-er), n. A basement 

restaurant or social resort, frequented as an 

after-theater gathering place. [Ger. rath, 

council, and keller, cellar.] 
RATIFICATION (rat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 

ratifying or confirming; confirmation. 
RATIFIER (rat'i-fl-er), n. One who ratifies or 

confirms. 
RATIFY (rat'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. RATIFYING; p.t. 

and p.p. RATIFIED (rat'i-fid).] Give sanction 

or validity to ; approve ; confirm ; sanction. [Fr. 

ratifier — L. ratus, fixed by calculation, and 

facio, make.] 

SYN. Approve; accept; corroborate. 

ANT. Disavow; disown; abrogate. 
RATING (ra'ting), n. 1. Act of estimating or 

valuing. 2. Amount or value at which a thing 

is rated. 3. Rank, degree, or standing. 
RATIO (ra'shi-6), n. 1. Relation of one thing 

to another. 2. Proportion of relations. 3. 

Reason. [L., a calculation — ratus, fixed.] 
RATIOCINATION (rash-i-os-i-na/shun), n. Proc- 
ess of deducing conclusions from premises. 

[L. ratiocinatio — ratiocinor.] 
RATION (ra'shun), n. Daily rate of provisions; 

allowance. [Fr. — L. ratio, a calculation.] 
RATIONAL (rash'un-al), a. 1. Pertaining to the 

reason ; mental. 2. Endowed with reason. 

3. Agreeable to reason; sane; Intelligent; 

judicious. 4. Math. Noting a quantity 

which can be exactly expressed by numbers 

(without the use of a radical sign). [From 

RATIO.] 

SYN. Reasonable; sensible; intelligent; 

wise. ANT. Insane; crazy; irrational. 
RATIONALE (rash-o-na'le), n. 1. Statement 

of reason on which something is based. 2. 

Reasoned exposition of principles. [L., neut. 

of rationalis, rational.] 
RATIONALISM (rash'un-al-izm), n. Religious 

system or doctrines of a rationalist. 
RATIONALIST (rash'un-al-ist), n. One guided 

in his opinions solely by reason; especially 

one so guided in regard to religion. 
RATIONALISTIC (rash-un-al-istik), RATION- 



ALISTIC AL (rash-un-al-is'tik-al), a. Per- 
taining to, or In accordance with, the prin- 
ciples of rationalism. 

RATIONALITY (rash-un-al'I-ti), n. Quality of 
being rational; possession or due exercise of 
reason; reasonableness. 

RATIONALIZE (rash'un-al-iz), v. [pr.p. RA'- 
TIONALIZING; p.t. and p.p. RATIONAL- 
IZED (rash'un-al-Izd).] I. vt. Interpret like 
a rationalist. II. \vi. Rely entirely on reason. 

RaTISBON (rat'ls-bon), n. City, Bavaria, on 
the Danube. 

RATLINE, RATLIN (rat'lln), RATTLING (raf- 
ling), n. One of the thin ropes traversing the 
shrouds and forming the steps of the rigging 
of ships. [As though "rat-line" (for the rats 
to climb by).] 

RATSBANE (rats'ban), n. Rat poison. 

RATTAN (rat-tan'), n. 1. Any of several species 
of palms of the genus Calamus, having a 
smooth, reed-like stem. 2. Walking-stick 
made of rattan. 3. Stem of this palm. [Malay 
rotan.] 

RATTEEN (rat-ten'), n. Thick, loose woolen 
stuff. [Fr. ratine. Origin unknown.] 

RATTEN (rat'n), vt. [pr.p. RATTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. RATTENED (rat'nd).] Annoy by steal- 
ing or spoiling tools, or similar tricks. [From 
RAT.] 

RATTER (rat'er), n. 1. One who catches rats. 
2. One who deserts his fellow workmen in a 
strike. 

RAT-TERRIER (rat'ter-t-er), n. Quick little 
dog valuable for skill in killing rats. 

RATTINET (rat-i-net), n. Woolen goods re- 
sembling, but not so loose and thick as, 
ratteen. [Fr., dim. of ratine.] 

RATTISH (rat'ish), a. Like a rat. 

RATTLE (rati), n. 1. Sharp noise rapidly re- 
peated; clatter. 2. Loud empty talk. 3. Toy 
or instrument for rattling. [A. S. hrwtele; Ger. 
rasseln.] 

RATTLE (rat'l), v. [pr.p. RAT'TLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RATTLED (rat'ld).] I. 
vi. 1. Clatter. 2. Speak 
eagerly and noisily. II. vt. 
1. Cause to make a rattle) 
or clatter. 2. Stun with 
noise. 3. Disconcert; daze. 

RATTLEBOX (rat'1-boks), n. 
Bot. Poisonous annual plant 
found throughout the 
United States and bearing 
pea-like flowers appearing 
in July. The seed pods 
rattle when agitated by the 
wind, which gives origin 
to its name. 

RATTLE-BRAINED 
brand), a. Wild; 
flighty. 

RATTLER (rat'ler), n. 



(rat'l- 
giddy ; 




Rattlebox (Crota- 
laria sagittalis). 



One who or that which 



rattles; noisy talker; rattlesnake. 



tate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



RATTLESNAKE 



903 



RAZEE 




RATTLESNAKE (rat'l-snak),n. Poisonous Amer- 
ican snake having a number of hard, bony rings, 
and a terminal button, 
loosely jointed, at the 
end of the tail, which 
make a rattling noise. 

R ATTLETR AP( rat'1-trap), 
n. Shaky, rickety, or 
worn-out article. 

RATTLING (ratling), a. 

I. Clattering. 2. Lively. 
(Colloq.) 

RATTOON (rat-ton'), n. 

Sprout from a sugar cane Rattlesnake and rattle. 
root after the first year. [Sp. retono, sprout.] 

RATTOON (rat-ton'), vi. [pr.p. RATTOON'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RATTOONED (rat-tond').] Sprout 
or shoot up from the root. 

RAUCOUS (ra'kus), o. Hoarse; harsh; rough. 
[L. raucus, hoarse.] 

RAVAGE (rav'aj), vt. [pr.p. RAVAGING; p.t. 
and p.p. RAVAGED (rav'ajd).] Lay waste; 
pillage; despoil. [Fr. ravager — L. rapio, 
snatch.] 

RAVAGE (rav'aj), n. Devastation; ruin; spoil; 
desolation. 

RAVE (rav), vi. [pr.p. RA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
RAVED (ravel).] Be rabid or mad; be wild or 
raving like a madman; talk irrationally; 
utter wild exclamations. [O. Fr. raver — L. 
rabies, madness.] 

RAVEL (rav'l), v. [pr.p. RAVELING; p.t. and 
p.p. RAVELED (rav'ld).] I. vt. 1. Untwist; 
unweave. 2. Confuse; entangle. II. vi. Be- 
come untwisted. [Dut. ravelen* talk con- 
fusedly.] 

RAVELIN (rav'lin), n. Fort. Detached triangu- 
lar work with two embankments, before the 
counterscarp. [Fr.] 

RAVEN (ra'vn), I. n. Large crow-like bird of 
the genus Corvus, with 
shining blackplumage. 

II. a. Black, like a 
raven. [A. S. hrcefn — 
O. Ger. hraban — Dan. 
ravn.] 

RAVEN (rav'n), v. [pr.p. 
RAVENING; p.t. and 
p.p. RAVENED (rav'- 
nd).] I. vt. 1. Ob- 
tain by violence. 2. 
Devour with great 
eagerness or voracity. 
II. vi. Prey with rapacity. [O. Fr. raviner — 
L. rapio, seize.] 

RAVEN (rav'n), n. Prey; plunder; spoliation. 

RAVENING (rav'n-ing), n. Eagerness for 
plunder. 

RAVENNA (ra-ven'a), n. City, Italy, 5 miles 
from the Adriatic. 

RAVENOUS (rav'n-us), a. Voracious; devour 
ing with rapacity; eager for prey or gratifica- 
tion. 




Raven (Corvus corax). 



RAVENOUSLY (rav'n-us-li), adv. In a raven- 
ous manner; with furious voracity, hunger, 
or avidity. 

RAVENOUSNESS (rav'en-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being ravenous. 

RAVINE (ra-ven'), n. 1. Long deep hollow, 
worn by a torrent. 2. Deep, narrow moun- 
tain-pass. [Fr. — L. rapina, violence.] 

RAVISH (rav'ish), vt. [pr.p. RAVISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. RAVISHED (rav'isht).] 1. Seize or 
carry away by force. 2. Violate. 3. Fill with 
ecstasy. [Fr. ravir — L. rapio, snatch.] 

RAVISHER (rav'ish-er), n. One who ravishes. 

RAVISHMENT (rav'ish-ment), n. Act of ravish- 
ing or state of being ravished. 

RAW (ra), a. 1. Not altered from its natural 
state; not cooked or dressed; not prepared. 

2. Galled; inflamed; abraded. 3. Bleak. 4. 
Immature; inexperienced. [A. S. hreaw.] 

RAW (ra), n. 1. Galled or sore place, caused 

by the rubbing off of the skin. 2. Tender 

place or point; foible. 
RAWBONED (ra'bond), a. With little flesh on 

large bones; gaunt. 
RAWHIDE (ra'hid), I. a. Made of untanned 

skin. II. n. Whip made of twisted rawhide. 
RAWISH (ra'ish), a. Somewhat raw; somewhat 

cold and damp. 
RAWLY (ra'li), adv. In a raw, inexperienced 

manner. 
RAWNESS (ra'nes), n. Quality or state of being 

raw. 
RAY (ra), n. 1. Line of light or heat proceeding 

from a point. 2. Radiating part of anything. 

3. Radiation; usually in the plural; as, the 
IL-rays. [Fr. raie — L. radius.] 

RAY (ra), n. Any individual of various species 
of fish with flat- 
tened body and 
ray-like fins on 
the breast. The 
ray family in- 
cludes the skate 
and thornback. 
Eagle rays have 
great pectoral Ray (Raja erinacea). 

fins, which resemble wings, and their tails 
are like whips. Electric rays are sometimes 
called torpedo fishes. Several species of large 
rays are commonly called devil-fish. 

RAYAH (ra'ya), n. Non-Mohammedan subject 
of the Sultan of Turkey. [Ar. raiyah, peasant 
— raya, pasture.] 

RAZE (raz), vt. [pr.p. RA'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
RAZED (razd).] Lay or cut down level with 
the ground; overthrow; destroy. [A form of 
RASE.] 

RAZEE (ra-ze')» n. Warship reduced in size by 
cutting away its upper deck or decks. [Fr. 
rase.] 

RAZEE (ra-ze')» vt. [pr.p. RAZEE'ING; p.t. and 
and p.p. RAZEED (ra-zed).] Cut down or 
reduce to a smaller size. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum.. 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 






RAZOR 



903 



REAL 




Razor-fish {Xyrichihys 
cultratus) . 



RAZOR (ra'zur), n. 1. Knife for shaving the 
beard or hair. 2. Tusk, as of a wild boar. 
[Fr. rasoir — raser, shave.] 

RAZOR (ra'zur), vt. [pr.p. RA'ZORING; p.t. and 
p.p. RAZORED (ra/zurd).] 1. Shave with a 
razor. 2. Slash with a razor, 

RAZORRACK (ra/zur-bak), n. 1. Hog with a 
sharply protruding backbone. 2. Rorqual. 

RAZOR-CLAM (ra'zur-klam), n. Any shell- 
fish of the genus Solen, especially the species 
Solen ensis, which resembles a closed razor. 

RAZOR-FISH (ra'zur-fish), n. Reddish colored 
fish of the family 
Cyclolabridw, striped 
with blue, having a 
very small mouth, 
found in the Mediter- 
ranean Sea. 

RAZOR-STROP (ra'zur- 

strop), n. Strop for putting an edge on razors. 

RAZZLE-DAZZLE (raz'l-daz-1), vt. [pr.p. 
RAZ'ZLE-DAZZLING; p.t. and p.p. RAZZLE- 
DAZZLED (raz'1-daz-ld).] 1. Dazzle and con- 
fuse; bewilder. 2. Hoodwink; hoax; deceive. 
(Colloq.) 

RAZZLE-DAZZLE (raz'l-daz-1), n. 1. State of 
dazed confusion. 2. Kind of merry-go- 
round; revolving platform. 

RE-, prefix. Again; anew; over; back; against. 
[L.] 

RE (ra), n. Music. Name of the second note 
of the , scales, in the system of hexachords, 
and of the fixed sound D, in modern solmiza- 
tion. [It.] 

REACH(rech),v. [pr.p. REACH'ING ; p.t. and p.p. 
REACHED (recht).] I. vt. 1. Stretch; extend. 

2. Attain or obtain by stretching out the hand. 

3. Hand over. 4. Extend to. 5. Arrive at; 
gain. II. vi. 1. Re extended so as to touch. 

2. Stretch out the hand. 3. (With for) Try 
to obtain. 4. Sail on the wind between two 
tacks. [A. S. rcecan.] 

SYN. Arrive at; attain; gain; land. 

REACH (rech), n. 1. Act or power of reaching; 
extent. 2. Extent of force; penetration. 3. 
Straight portion of a stream. 

REACT (re-akt ), v. [pr.p. REACTING; p.t. and 
p.p. REACT'ED.] I. vt. Act, do, or perform 
anew or again. II. vi. 1. Respond to an im- 
pulse, force, or influence by some action. 2. 
Act mutually or reciprocally upon each other. 

3. Act in opposition. 

REACTION (re-ak'shun), n. 1. Action back 
upon or resisting other action ; mutual action. 
2. Rackward tendency from revolution, re- 
form, or progress. 3. Depression following 
o ver-s timulation. 

REACTIONARY (re-ak'shun-5-ri), I. a. Char- 
acterized by, or favoring, reaction. II. n. One 
who favors or promotes reaction. 

READ (red), v. [pr.p. READING; p.t. and p.p. 
READ (red).] I. vt. 1. Go over and gather 
the meaning of; peruse. 2. Discover by char- 



acters, marks or features. 3. Utter aloud 
from manuscript or print. 4. Make a study 
of ; as, to read law. II. vi. 1. Perform the act 
of reading. 2. Appear on reading; have a 
certain effect when read. — Read music, un- 
derstand musical notation, so as to be able to 
to play or sing a piece at sight.— Read one out 
of the party, declare that one is no longer in 
harmony with the principles of his political 
party. [A. S. rwdan.] 

READ (red), a. Versed in books; learned; as, 
well-read. 

READARLE (red'a-bl), a. 1. That may be read. 
2, Worth reading; interesting. 

RE ADDRESS (re-ad-dres'), vt. [pr.p. READ- 
DRESSING; p.t. and p.p. READDRESSED 
(re-ad-drest').] Address again or a second 
time. 

READER (red'er), n. 1. One who reads. 2. One 
who reads or corrects proofs. 3. One who 
reads much. 4. Reading-book. 

READILY (red'i-li), adv. 1. Quickly; easily. 2. 
Willingly; cheerfully. 

READINESS (red'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being ready. 

READING (red'ing), I. a. Addicted to reading. 
II. n. 1. Act, practice or art of reading; 
perusal. 2. Matter to be read. 3. Study of 
books. 4. Public or formal recital. 5. Way 
in which a passage reads; version. 6. Obser- 
vations read from an instrument. 

READJUSTMENT (re-ad-just'ment), n. Act of 
readjusting. 

READJUST (re-ad- just), vt. [pr.p. READJUST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. READJUST 'ED.] Put in 
order again. 

READMISSION (re-ad-mish'un), n. Act of re- 
admitting; state of being readmitted. 

READMIT (re-ad-mif), vt. [pr.p. READMIT- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. READMIT'TED.] Admit 
again. 

READY (red'i), I. a. 1. Fully prepared. 2. 
Prepared in mind; willing. 3. Not slow or 
awkward; dexterous; easy; prompt; quick. 
4. Present in hand; at hand; near. 5. On the 
point. II. adv. In a state of readiness or prepa- 
ration. [A. S. rcede.] 

SYN. Expert; expeditious; apt; active; 
alert; apt; ripe. ANT. Tardy; dilatory; 
slow. 

READY-MADE (red'i-mad), a. Made and ready 
for use ; not made to order. 

REAGENT (re-a'jent), n. Substance that reacts 
on and detects the presence of other bodies; 
test. 

REAL (real), a. 1. Actually existing; not coun- 
terfeit or assumed; true. 2. Law. Pertaining 
to land or houses; as, real estate. [L.L. realis 
— L. res, thing.] 

SYN. Genuine ; veritable ; legitimate ; au- 
thentic; substantial; literal. ANT. Counter- 
feit; spurious; bogus. 

REAL (re'al), n. Spanish and Mexican silver 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=% in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



REALISM 



904 



REASONING 



coin, worth about 12^ cents. [Sp. — L. regalis, 
royal.] 

REALIS3I (re'al-izm), n. 1. Doctrine that 
classes exist as real things independently of 
our conceptions; opposed to NOMINALISM. 
2. Doctrine that the senses have a direct 
cognition of objects; opposed to IDEALISM. 3. 
Art and Literature. Representation of life as 
it is, without omission of the ugly and without 
additions for beauty's sake; opposed to RO- 
MANTICISM or IDEALISM. 

REALIST (re'al-ist), n. One who believes in 
realism. 

REALISTIC (re-al-is'tik), o. 1. Pertaining to 
realism. 2. Vivid; lifelike. 

REALITY (re-al'i-ti), n. [pi. REALITIES (re- 
ai'i-tiz).] 1. Actual fact or condition; not 
mere appearance. 2. That which is real. 

REALIZABLE (re'al-I-za-bl), a. That may be 
realized. 

REALIZATION (re-al-i-za/shun), n. Act of 
realizing or state of being realized. 

REALIZE (re'al-iz), vt. [pr.p. RE'ALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. REALIZED (re'al-izd).] 1. Make 
real; bring into being; act; accomplish. 2. 
Feel strongly, or as real; comprehend com- 
pletely. 3. Convert into real property. 4. 
Get in cash. 5. Obtain, as a possession. 

REALLY (re'al-i), adv. In reality; actually. 

REALM (relm), n. Regal or royal jurisdiction; 
kingdom ; province ; country. [O. Fr. realme — 
L. regalis, royal.] 

REALTY (re'al-ti), n. Real estate; any form 
of landed property. 

REAM (rem), vt. [pr.p. REAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REAMED (remd).] Enlarge, or bevel out with 
a reamer, as a hole in metal, the bore of a 
cannon, etc. [A. S. ryman.] 

REAM (rem), n. Quantity of paper consisting 
of 20 quires or 480 sheets. [O. Fr. raime — 
Sp. resma — Ar. rizmat, bundle.] 

REAMER (rem'er), n. Tool for enlarging or 
beveling out holes in iron, etc. 

REANIMATE (re-an'i-mat), vt. [pr.p. RE ANI- 
MATING; p.t. and p.p. REANIMATED.] Re- 
store to life; infuse new life or spirit into; 
revive. 

REANIMATION (re-an-i-ma'shun), n. Act or 
operation of reanimating or state of being 
reanimated. 

REAP (rep), vt. [pr.p. REAPING; p.t. and p.p. 
REAPED (rept).] 1. Cut down and gather, as 
grain; clear off a crop from. 2. Receive as 
fruit or consequence of action. [A.S. ripan, 
pluck.] 

REAPER (rep'er), n. 1. One who reaps. 2. 
Reaping machine. 

REAPPEAR (re-ap-per'), vi. [pr.p. REAPPEAR'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REAPPEARED (re-ap- 
perd').] Appear again, or a second time. 

REAPPOINT (re-ap-point), vt. [pr.p. REAP- 
POINTING; p.t. and p.p. REAPPOINTED.] 
Appoint again or anew. 




Rear-admiral's 
Flag (blue). 



REAPPOINTMENT ( re-ap-point 'ment), n. Act 
of reappointing or state of being reappointed. 

REAR (rer), I. n. 1. That which is behind or 
at the back; hinder or back part. 2. That 
part of an army or fleet which is behind the 
rest. II. a. Pertaining to, stationed in, or 
coming at, the rear or back; hindermost. 
[O. Fr. Here, back — L. retro, behind.] 

REAR (rer), v. [pr.p. REAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REARED (rerd).] I. vt. 1. Raise. 2. Bring 
up to maturity. 3. Educate. II. vi. Rise on 
the hind legs. [A.S. rceran^ 
raise.] 

REAR-ADMIRAL (rer'ad- 
mi-ral),w. InU. S. navy, 
officer next below the 
rank of admiral; in 
other navies, officer next 
below the rank of vice- 
admiral. 

REAR-GUARD (rer'gard), 

n. Body of troops used to protect the rear of 
an army. 

REARMOST (rer'most), a. Farthest in the rear; 
last. 

REARRANGE (re-ar-ranj'), vt. [pr.p. REAR- 
RAN'GING; p.t. and p.p. REARRANGED (re- 
ar-ranj d').] Arrange anew or afresh. 

REARRANGEMENT (re-ar-ranj 'ment), n. Act 
of rearranging or state of being rearranged. 

REARWARD (rer'ward), I. adv. At or toward 
the rear. II. a. Coming last; rear. 

REASON (re'zn), n. 1. That which supports 
or justifies an act, etc. 2. Faculty of the mind 
by which man draws conclusions, and deter- 
mines right and truth. 3. Exercise of reason; 
right judgment. 4. That which accounts for 
or explains anything; efficient cause; ex- 
planation. 5. Logic. Premise or premises of 
an argument, especially the minor premise. 
[Fr. raison — L. ratio, reckoning.] 

SYN. Motive; consideration; purpose; 
object; ground; excuse. ANT. Credulity; 
bias. 

REASON (re'zn), v. [pr.p. REA'SONING; p.t. 
and p.p. REASONED (re'znd).] I. vi. 1. 
Exercise the faculty of reason; deduce in- 
ferences from premises. 2. Argue. II. vt. 1. 
Examine; debate; 2. Persuade by reasoning. 

REASONABLE (re'zn-a-bl), a. 1. Endowed 
with reason. 2. According to reason. 3. 
Moderate. 

SYN. Rational; sane; wise; proper; ju- 
dicious; just; fair; tolerable. ANT. Un- 
reasonable; foolish; absurd; irrational. 

REASONABLENESS (re'zn-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being reasonable. 

REASONABLY (re'zn-a-bli), adv. In a reason- 
able manner or degree. 

REASONER (re'zn-er), n. One who reasons. 

REASONING (re'zn-ing), n. 1. Act of reason- 
ing. 2. That which is offered in argument; 
course of argument. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



REASSEMBLE 



905 



RECEDE 



REASSEMBLE (re-as-sem'bl), v. [pr.p. REAS- 
SEMBLING; p.t. and p.p. REASSEMBLED 
(re-as-sem'bld).] I. vt. Collect again. II. vi. 
Meet together again. 

REASSERT (re-as-serf), vt. [pr.p. REASSERT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REASSERT'ED.] Assert 
again. 

REASSURANCE (re-a-shor'ans), n. 1. Repeated 
assurance. 2. Second assurance against loss. 

REASSURE (re-a-shor'), vt. [pr.p. REASSUR'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REASSURED (re-a-shord').] 

I. Assure anew; give confidence to. 2. Insure 
again. 

REAUMUR (ra-6-mur'), La. Pertaining to the 
thermometer scale invented by Reaumur. 

II. n. Thermometer taking the freezing point 
of water as zero, its boiling point as eighty 
degrees. 

REAVE (rev), vt. (pr.p. REAVING; p.t. and 
p.p. REAVED (revd) or REFT.] Take away 
by violence. [A. S. redfian, rob.] 

REBATE (re-baf), vt. [pr.p. REBA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. REBA'TED.] 1. Deduct or make a 
discount from. 2. Make blunt. [Fr. rebattre, 
beat back.] 

REBATE (re-bat')» n. 1. Diminution; abate- 
ment. 2. Comm. Drawback; discount. 

REBATEMENT (re-bat'ment), n. Act of re- 
bating; rebate. 

REBEL (reb'el), I. n. One who rebels. II. a. 
Rebellious. [L. rebellis, making war afresh. 
— re-, again, and bellum, war.] 

REBEL (re-bel'), vi. [pr.p. REBEL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. REBELLED (re-beld').] Renounce, 
or take up arms against, authority; revolt. 

REBELLION (re-bel'yun), n. Act of rebelling; 
open opposition to lawful authority; revolt. 

REBELLIOUS (re-bel'yus), a. Engaged in re- 
bellion; insubordinate; refractory. 

REBIND (re-bind'), vt. [pr.p. REBIND'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REBOUND (re-bownd').J Put a new 
binding on; cover anew, as a book. 

REBOISE (re-boiz'), vt. [pr.p. REBOIS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REBOISED (re-boizd').] Plant 
again with trees, as a tract of land. [Fr. 
reboiser.] 

REBOUND (re-bowndO, vi. [pr.p. REBOUND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REBOUND'ED.] Bound or 
start back; be reverberated; recoil. 

REBOUND (re-bownd'). I. n. Act of bounding 
back; recoil; resilience. II. a. Covered or 
fitted with new binding. 

REBUFF (re-buf'), n. Beating back; sudden 
resistance; sudden check; defeat; unexpected 
refusal. [It. ribuffo, reproof.] 

REBUFF (re-buf ' ), vt. [pr.p. REBUFF'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REBUFFED (re-buff).] Reject 
or repel. 

REBUILD (re-bild'), vt. [pr.p. REBUDLD'UXG; 
p.t. and p.p. REBUDLT (re-bilt').] Build 
anew. 

REBUKE (re-buk'), vt. [pr.p. REBU'KING; p.t. 
and p.p. REBUKED (re-bukt').] Check with 



reproof; chide; reprove. [O. Fr. rebouquer.] 
SYN. Reprimand; reprehend; check; 
censure. ANT. Approve; encourage. 

REBUKE (re-buk'), n. Act of rebuking; re- 
proof; reprimand. 

REBUKER (re-bu'ker), n. One who rebukes 
or reproves. 

REBUS (re'bus), n. Enigmatical representation 
of a word or phrase by pictures of things. [L. 
rebus, ablative pi. of res, thing.] 

REBUT (re-but'), v. [pr.p. REBUTTING; p.t. 
and p.p. REBUTTED.] I. vt. 1. Refute. 2. 
Law. Oppose by plea, argument, or counter- 
vailing proof. II. vi. Law. Put in an answer 
to plaintiff's surrejoinder. [Fr. rebouter — re-, 
again, and bouter, thrust.] 

REBUTTAL (re-but'al), n. Act of rebutting; 
refutation. 

REBUTTER (re-but'er), n. Law. Answer of a 
defendant to a plaintiff's surrejoinder. 

RECALCITRANT (re-kal'si-trant), a. Showing 
opposition; refractory. [L. recalcitrans, pr.p. 
of recalcitro, kick back — re-, back, and 
calcitro, kick.] 

RECALCITRATE (re-kal'si-trat), v. [pr.p. RE- 
CALCITRATING; p.t. and p.p. RECAL- 
CITRATED.] I. vt. Kick against; exhibit 
repugnance to. II. vi. Kick back; be re- 
fractory. 

RECALL (re-kal'), vt. [pr.p. RECALL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RECALLED (re-kald).] 1. Call back; 
command to return. 2. Revoke; take back; 
cancel. 3. Call back to mind; remember. 

RECALL (re-kal'), n. 1. Act of calling back; 
revocation. 2. Power of recalling, especially 
an elected official by voters who elected him. 

RECANT (re-kanf), v. [pr.p. RECANT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECANT'ED.] I. vt. Recall; 
retract; revoke; abjure. II. vi. Retract a 
proposition; disavow a belief previously held. 
[L. recanto, sing back, recant — re-, back, and 
canto, sing.] 

RECANTATION (re-kan-ta'shun), n. Act of 
recanting; disavowal. 

RECANTER (re-kant'er), n. One who recants 
or disavows. 

RECAPITULATE (re-ka-pit'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. 
RECAPITULATING; p.t. and p.p. RECA- 
PITULATED.] Repeat the chief points of; 
summarize. [RE- and CAPITULATE.] 

RECAPITULATION (re-ka-plt-u-la'shun), n. 
1. Act of recapitulating. 2. Summary of a 
previous discourse, treatise, or essay. 

RECAPTURE (re-kap'tur), vt. [pr.p. RECAP- 
TURING; p.t. and p.p. RECAPTURED (re- 
kap'turd).] Capture back or retake, especially 
a prize from a captor. 

RECAPTURE (re-kap'tur), n. 1. Act of reta- 
king. 2. Prize retaken. 

RECAST (re-kasf), vt. [pr.p. RECAST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECAST'.] Cast, throw or mold 
again; compute a second time. 

RECEDE (re-sea '), vi. [pr.p. RECE'DING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=c7i in Scotch loch. 



RECEDE 



906 



RECITAL 



p.t. and p.p. RECEDED.] 1. Fall back; re- 
treat; withdraw; 2. Relinquish a claim, 
proposition, or assertion. [L. recedo — re-, 
back, and cedo, yield.] 

SYN. Retire; return; retrograde; with- 
draw; yield; desist. ANT. Advance ; proceed. 

RECEDE (re-sed), vt. [pr.p. RECEDING; p.t. 
and p.p. RECE'DED.] Cede back; restore to 
a former possessor. [RE- and CEDE.] 

RECEIPT (re-set')» «. 1. Act of receiving. 2. 
Written acknowledgment of anything re- 
ceived. 3. That which is received. 4. Recipe. 
[O. Fr. recette — L. receptus, receiving — recipio, 
receive.] 

RECEIPT ( re-set'), vt. [pr.p. RECEIPTING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECEIPT'ED.] Give a receipt 
for; write an acknowledgment of receipt or 
payment on; as, receipt a bill. 

RECEIVABLE (re-sev'a-bl), a. That may be 
received or is due. 

RECEIVE (re-sev), v. [pr.p. RECEIVING; p.t. 
and p.p. RECEIVED (re-sevd).] I. vt. 1. Take 
(what is offered, etc.); accept. 2. Embrace 
with the mind; assent to. 3. Allow; give ac- 
ceptance to. 4. Admit; welcome; entertain. 
5. Hold; contain. 6. Law. Take (goods) 
knowing them to be stolen. II. vi. Hold a 
reception. [O. Fr. recever — L. recipio — re-, 
back, and capio, take.] 

RECEIVER (re-seVer), n. 1. One who receives, 
especially one appointed to £ w 

receive public money, as 
taxes, or to manage an 
estate, or a business during 
bankruptcy, etc. 2. Chem. 
Vessel for receiving and 
condensing in distillation, 
or for containing gases. 3. 
The glass vessel of an air- 
pump in which the vacuum 
Is formed. 4. That part of a 
telephone through which 
the message is received. 

RECEIVERSHIP (re-sev'er- 
ship), n. Office of a receiver. 

RECENCY (resen-si), n. Re- 
centness. 

RECENSION (re-sen'shun), n. 
1. Act of reviewing or re- 
vising; review, especially Tele P hon e Receiver. 
critical revisal of a text. 2. Text established 
by critical revision. [L. re-, again, and censeo, 
value, estimate.] 

RECENT (re'sent), a. 1. Of late origin or 
occurrence. 2. Not long parted from. 3. 
Fresh; modern. 4. Geol. Subsequent to the 
existence of man. [Fr. — L. recens.] 

RECENTLY (re'sent-li), adv. Not long since; 
lately; newly. 

RECENTNESS (re'sent-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being recent. 

RECEPTACLE (re-sep'ta-kl), n. 1. That into 
which anything is received or contained. 




2. Bot. Basis of a flower. [From RE- 
CEIVE.] 

RECEPTION (re-sep'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
ceiving; admission; state of being received. 
2. Manner of receiving; entertainment. 

RECEPTIVE (re-sep'tiv), a, Having the qual- 
ity of receiving or containing; capable of re- 
ceiving impressions. 

RECEPTIVITY (re-sep-tlv'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being receptive. 

RECESS (re-ses'), n. 1. Withdrawing; retire- 
ment; state of being withdrawn; seclusion. 2. 
Remission or suspension of business. 3. Part 
of a room formed by indentation of a wall. 
4. Private abode. [See RECEDE.] 

RECESSION (re-sesh'un), n. Ceding or giving 
back. 

RECESSIONAL (re-sesh'un-al), n. Hymn sung 
as the clergy and choir leave the church. 

RECHAUFFE (ra-sho-fa), n. Warmed-up dish; 
literary rehash. [Fr.] 

RECHERCHE (re-sher-sha'), a. Much sought 
after; choice. [Fr.] 

RECHRISTEN (re-kris'n), vt. [pr.p. RECHRIS'- 
TENING; p.t. and p.p. RECHRISTENED 
(re-kris'nd).] Give a new name to. 

RECIDIVATION (re-sid-i-va'shun), n. 1. Back- 
sliding; return to the same sinful course. 2. 
Criminol. Relapse of a criminal convict into 
crime. [L. recidivus, falling back.] 

RECIDIVISM (re-sid'i-vizm), n. Relapse into 
crime; conduct or condition of a confirmed 
criminal. 

RECIDIVIST (re-sid'i-vist), n. One who has 
served a second term in prison; confirmed 
criminal. 

RECIPE (res'i-pe), n. 1. Medicinal prescrip- 
tion. 2. Formula for any mixture or prepara- 
tion, giving list of ingredients, proportions, 
and directions for compounding or preparing. 
[L. recipe, take, imperative of recipio.] 

RECIPIENT (re-sipi-ent), n. One who receives. 

RECIPROCAL (re-sip'ro-kal), I. a. Acting in 
return; mutually given and received. II. n. 

1. That which is reciprocal. 2. Math. Quo- 
tient of unity divided by any number; as, £ Is 
the reciprocal of 3. [L. reciprocus, returning.] 

RECIPROCALLY ( re-sip ro-kal-i), adv. 1. In 
a reciprocal manner; mutually. 2. Math. In 
reciprocal ratio or proportion. 

RECIPROCATE (re-sipro-kat), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
CIPROCATING; p.t. and p.p. RECIPRO- 
CATED.] Give and receive mutually; give 
or do in response. [L. reciproco.] 

RECIPROCATION (re-sip-ro-ka'shun), n. 1. 
3Iutual or reciprocal giving a:ad returning. 

2. Reciprocal or alternate motion ; alternation. 
RECIPROCITY (res-i-pros'i-ti), n. 1. Mutual 

obligations and benefits; action and reaction. 
2. In international commerce, a mutual 
granting of privileges by treaty. 
RECITAL (re-si'tal), n. 1. Act of reciting; re- 
hearsal. 2. That which is recited. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her. mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u-u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



RECITATION 



907 



RECOMPENSE 



RECITATION (res-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
citing. 2. Public reading ; rehearsal. 3. Meet- 
ing of a class for oral examination. 

RECITATIVE (res-i-ta-tev), I. a. Pertaining to 
musical recitation; in the style of recitation. 
II. n. 1. Language delivered in the sounds 
of the musical scale. 2. Piece of music for 
recitation. 

RECITE (re-sit')>v*. [pr.p. RECI'TING ;;».*. and 
p.p. RECI'TED.] 1. Read aloud from paper, 
or repeat from memory. 2. Narrate ; recapitu- 
late. [Fr. reciter — L. recito — re-, again, and 
cito, call.] 

SYN. Rehearse; deliver; relate; detail; 
describe; enumerate. ANT. Improvise; 
discourse. 

RECK (rek), vt. [pr.p. RECKING; p.t. and p.p. 
RECKED (rekt).] 1. Have a care for. 2. 
Regard. [A. S. recan, care.] 

RECKLESS (rek'les), a. Extremely careless; 
heedless of consequences. 

RECKLESSLY (rek'les-li), adv. In a reckless 
manner; heedlessly. 

RECKLESSNESS (rek'les-nes), n. Quality, or 
state of being reckless; heedlessness. 

RECKON (rek'n), v. [pr.p. RECKONING; p.t. 
and p.p. RECKONED (rek'nd).] I. vt. 1. Count. 
2. Place in the number or rank of; account; 
esteem; attribute; think. II. vi. 1. Calculate. 
2. Make up accounts; settle. [A. S. ge-recc- 
nian, explain. Cf. Ger. reehnen.] 

RECKONER (rek'n-er), n. 1. One who reckons 
or computes. 2. Device for reckoning or 
computing. 

RECKONING (rek'n-ing), n. 1. Calculation; 
settlement of accounts. 2. Charges for en- 
tertainment. 3. Calculation of a ship's 

- position. 

RECLAIM (re-klam'), vt. [pr.p. RECLAIMING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECLAIMED (re-klamd').] 1. 
Demand the return of. 2. Regain; bring 
back from a wild or barbarous state, or from 
error or vice; bring into a state of cultiva- 
tion; bring into the desired condition; make 
tame or gentle ; reform. [Fr. reclamer — L. re- 
clamo — re- again, and clamo, cry, call.] 

RE CLAIMABLE ( re-klam 'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being reclaimed. 

RECLAIMER (re-klam'er), n. One who re- 
claims. 

RECLAMATION (rek-la-ma'shun), n. Act of 
reclaiming; state of being reclaimed. 

RECLINE (re-klin), v. [pr.p. RECLI'NING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECLINED (re-klind').] I. vt. 
Cause to lean back or to one side, or to take 
a recumbent position. II. vi. Take or be in 
a recumbent position. [L. reclino — re-, back, 
and clino, lean.] 

RECLUSE (re-klos'), I. a. Secluded; retired; 
solitary. II. n. One who lives retired from 
the world; religious devotee living in a single 
cell. [Fr. rectus (fern, recluse) — L. re-, back, 
and claudo, shut.] 



RECOGNITION (rek-og-nlsh'un), n. Act of 
recognizing; state of being recognized; ac- 
knowledgment. 

RECOGNIZABLE (rek-og-nl'za-bl), a. That 
may be recognized or acknowledged. 

RECOGNIZANCE (re-kog'ni-zans or re-kon'i- 
zans), n. 1. Recognition; avowal; profession. 
2. Legal obligation entered into before a 
magistrate to do, or not do, some particular 
act. 

RECOGNIZE (rek'og-niz), vt. [pr.p. RECOG- 
NIZING; p.t. and p.p. RECOGNIZED (rek'og- 
nizd).] 1. Know again; recollect. 2. Agree 
to honor; accept. 3. Acknowledge acquaint- 
ance with, as by saluting. 4. Appreciate. 
[L. recognosco — re-, again, and cognosco, know.] 

RECOIL (re-koil'), vt. [pr.p. RECOIL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RECOILED (re-koild').] 1. Start 
back; rebound; return. 2. Shrink. [Fr. 
reculer.] 

RECOIL (re-koil'), n. Backward movement; 
rebound; specifically the reaction or resilience 
of a firearm when discharged. 

RECOIN (re-koin'), vt. [pr.p. RECOIN'EVG; 
p.t. and p.p. RECOINED (re-koind').] Coin 
again or anew. 

RECOINAGE (re-koin'aj), n. Act of recoining 
or that which is recoined. 

RECOLLECT (re-kol-lekf), vt. [pr.p. RECOL- 
LECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. RECOLLECT'ED.] 
Collect again. 

RECOLLECT (rek-ol-lekf), vt. [pr.p. RECOL- 
LECTING; p.t. and p.p. RECOLLECTED.] 
1. Remember. 2. Compose (one's self). 

RECOLLECTION (rek-ol-lek'shun), n. 1. Act 
or power of recollecting. 2. That which is 
remembered. 

SYN. Memory; remembrance; reminis- 
cence; retrospect; commemoration. ANT. 
Forgetf ulness ; oblivion. 

RECOM3IENCE (re-kom-mens'), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
COMMENCING; p.t. and p.p. RECOM- 
MENCED (re-kom-menst').] Begin again. 

RECOMMEND (rek-om-mend'), vt. [pr.p. REC- 
OMMEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. RECOMMEND- 
ED.] 1. Commend to another. 2. Bestow 
praise on. 3. Advise. 

RECOMMENDABLE (rek-om-mend'a-bl), a. 
That may be recommended; worthy of praise. 

RECOMMENDATION (rek-om-men-da'shun), 
n. Act of recommending; act of introducing 
with commendation. 

RECOMMENDATORY (rek-om-mend'a-td-ri), 
a. That recommends. 

RECOMMIT (re-kom-mif), vt. [pr.p. RECOM- 
MITTING; p.t. and p.p. RECOMMITTED.] 
Commit again; send back to a committee. 

RECOMMITMENT (re-kom-mit'ment), n. Act 
of recommitting or state of being recommitted. 

RECOMMITTAL (re-kom-mit'al), n. Same as 
RECOMMITMENT. 

RECOMPENSE (rek'om-pens), vt. [pr.p. REC- 
OMPENSING; p.t. and p.p. RECOMPENSED 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



RECOMPENSE 



908 



RECREANT 



(rek'om-penst).] Return an equivalent for; 
reward. [Fr. recompenses See COMPENSATE.] 

SYN. Requite; repay; compensate; re- 
munerate; reward; reimburse; indemnify. 
ANT. Forget; neglect; overlook. 

RECOMPENSE (rek'om-pens), n. That which is 
returned as an equivalent; repayment; com- 
pensation ; remuneration. 

RECOMPOSE (re-kom-poz')> vi. [pr.p. RECOM- 
PO'SING; p.t. and p.p. RECOMPOSED (re- 
kom-pozd').] 1. Compose again or anew. 
2. Soothe. 

RECONCENTRADO (ra-kon-than-tra'do), n. 
Name applied by the Spaniards during the 
Cuban rebellion and Spanish-American war 
to Cubans who were forced by the Spanish 
military authorities to remove from their 
country homes and concentrate in the towns. 
[Sp. ; from reconcentrar, concentrate.] 

RECONCENTRATE (re-kon'sen-trat), vt. [pr.p. 
RECON'CENTRATING; p.t. and p.p. RECON'- 
CENTRATED.] 1. Concentrate; as, to recon- 
centrate troops at some specified point. 2. 
Concentrate again; further concentrate. 

RECONCILABLE (rek'on-si-la-bl), a. That 
may be reconciled ; that may be made to agree ; 
consistent. 

RECONCILE (rek'on-sil), vt. [pr.p. RECON- 
CILING; p.t. and p.p. RECONCILED (rek'on- 
sild).] 1. Restore to friendship or union; 
bring to agreement; bring to contentment; 
pacify. 2. Make consistent; adjust or com- 
pose. iFr. reconcilier — L. re-, again, and 
concillo, -atum, call together.] 

RECONCILEMENT (rek'on-sil-ment), n. Same 
as RECONCILIATION. 

RECONCILER (rek'on-si-ler), n. One who or 
that which reconciles. 

RECONCILIATION (rek-on-sil-i-a'shun), n. Act 
of reconciling; state of being reconciled; re- 
newal of friendship; atonement. 

RECONDITE (rek'on-dit or re-kon'dit), o. Se- 
cret; profound. [L. reconditus, p.p. of recondo, 
put away.] 

RECONNAISSANCE (re-kon'a-sans), n. Act of 
reconnoitering ; hasty survey ; examination of 
a tract of country with a view to military or 
engineering operations. [Fr. See RECOG- 
NIZANCE.] 

RECONNOITER, RECONNOITRE (rek-o-noi'- 
ter), vt. [pr.p. RECONNOI'TERING, RECON- 
NOITRING; p.t. and p.p. RECONNOITERED, 
RECONNOITRED (rek-o-noi'terd).] Survey; 
examine, especially with a view to military 
operations. [O. Fr. recognoistre — L. recog- 
nosco. See RECOGNIZE ] 

RECONSIDER (re-kon-sid'er), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
CONSIDERING; p.t. and p.p. RECONSID- 
ERED (re-kon-sid'erd).] Consider again; take 
up for new consideration. 

RECONSIDERATION (re-kon-sid-er-a'shun), n. 
1. Act of reconsidering. 2. Second considera- 
tion. 



RECONSTRUCT (re-kon-strukf), vt. [pr.p, 
RECONSTRUCTING; p.t. and p.p. RECON- 
STRUCTED.] Construct again ; ouild up anew, 

RECONSTRUCTION (re-kon-struk'shun), n. 
Act or process of reconstructing or state of 
being reconstructed. 

RECONVEY (re-kon-va), vt. [pr.p. RECON- 
VEY'ING; p.t. and p.p. RECONVEYED (re- 
kon-vad').] Transfer back to a former owner 
or place. 

RECONVEYANCE (re-kon-va'ans), n. Act of 
reconveying. 

RECORD (re-kard), vt. [pr.p. RECORD'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECORD'ed.] Preserve memory 
of in writing, printing, etc. [Fr. recorder — L. 
cor, heart.] 

SYN. Register; chronicle; enroll; in- 
corporate; enter. 

RECORD (rek'iird), n. 1. Register. 2. Formal 
writing of a fact or proceeding; book of such 
writings. 3. Memorial. 4. Personal history,, 
5. Reproducing sound-disk of a phonograph 
or similar instrument. 

RECORD (rek'urd), a. Best yet recorded. 

RECORDER (re-kard'er),w. 1. One who records 
or registers. 2. Municipal magistrate. 3. 
Registering device. 

RECOUNT (re-kownf), vt. [pr.p. RECOUNT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RECOUNTED.] Count 
again or a second time. [RE- and COUNT.] 

RECOUNT (re-kownf), vt. [pr.p. RECOUNT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RECOUNTED.] Narrate 
the particulars of; detail. [Fr. raconter.] 

RECOUP (re-kop), vt. [pr.p. RECOUPING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECOUPED (re-kopf ).] Get an 
equivalent for; make good; indemnify. [Fr. 
recouper, cut again.] 

RECOURSE (re-kors), n. Going to for aid or 
protection; resort. [Fr. recours — L. recurro, 
return.] 

RECOVER (re-kuv'er), vt. [pr.p. RECOVER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RECOVERED (re-kuv'erd).] 
Cover again; fit with a new cover. [RE- and 
COVER.] 

RECOVER (re-kuv'er), v. [pr.p a RECOVERING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECOVERED (re-kuv'erd).] I. 
vt. 1. Get possession of again. 2. Make up for; 
retrieve. 3. Cure; revive; bring back to 
former state. 4, Obtain as compensation for 
loss. II. vl. 1. Regain health or former state. 
2. Law. Obtain judgment. [Fr. recouvrer — 
L. recupero.] 

RECOVERABLE (re-kuv'er-a-bl), a. 1. Capa- 
ble of being recovered. 2. Capable of re- 
covering. 

RECOVERY (re-kuv'er-i), n. [pi. RECOVERIES 
(re-kuv'er-iz).] 1. Act of recovering. 2. 
Restoration to health. 

RECREANCY (rek're-an-sl), n. Quality of a 
recreant; yielding, mean, cowardly spirit. 

RECREANT (rek're-ant), I. a. 1. Cowardly. 
2. False; apostate; renegade. II. n. Mean- 
spirited wretch; apostate; renegade. [O. Fr.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/iQu, kh=cA ia Scotch loch. 



RECREATE 



909 



RECURVATE 



RECREATE (re-kre-af), vt. [pr.p. RECREA'- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. RECREATED.] Create 
again or anew. 

RECREATE (rek're-at), v. [pr.p. RECREATING; 
p.t. and p.p, RECREATED.] I. vt. Revive; 
reanimate; cheer; amuse; refresh; delight. 
II. vi. Take recreation. 

RECREATION (re-kre-a/shun), n. Act of 
creating anew or state of being recreated. 

RECREATION (rek-re-a'shun), n. Refresh- 
ment after toil, sorrow, etc.; diversion; 
amusement; sport. 

RECREATIVE (rek're-a-tiv), a. Serving to 
recreate or refresh; giving relief in weariness, 
etc. 

RECRIMINATE (re-krlm'i-nat), v. [pr.p. RE- 
CRIMINATING; p.t. and p.p. RECRIMI- 
NATED.] I. vt. Criminate or accuse in return. 
II. vi. Charge an accuser with a similar 
crime. 

RECRIMINATION (re-krim-I-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of recriminating. 2. Charge retorted. 

RECRIMINATIVE (re-krim'i-na-tiv), a. Same 
as RECRIMINATORY. 

RECRIMINATOR (re-krim'i-na-tur), n. One 
who recriminates. 

RECRIMINATORY (re-krim'i-na-to-ri), a. Re- 
turning or retorting an accusation ; recrimina- 
ting. 

RECRUDESCENCE (re-kr6-des'ens), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being recrudescent. 

RECRUDESCENT (re-kro-des'ent), a. 1. Be- 
coming raw, sore, or painful again. 2. Break- 
ing out into new life and vigor. [L. recrudes- 
cens, pr.p. of recrudesco, become raw again.] 

RECRUIT (re-krof), v. [pr.p. RECRUIT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECRUITED.] I. vt. 1. Make 
up deficiencies in by enlistment. 2. Repair by 
fresh supplies. 3. Invigorate. II. vi. 1. 
Enlist new or additional soldiers for an army. 

2. Raise new supplies of any kind. [Fr. 
recruter — L. recresco, grow again.] 

RECRUIT (re-krof), n. 1. Soldier newly en- 
listed. 2. One newly enlisted in any cause. 

3. Supply of anything wasted or exhausted. 
RECRUITER (re-kro'ter), n. One who recruits. 
RECRUITMENT (re-krot'ment), n. Act or 

process of recruiting. 

RECTAL (rek'tal)t «. Of or pertaining to the 
rectum. 

RECTANGLE (rekt'ang-gl), " 
n. Four-sided figure with 
right angles. [L. rectus, 
right, and angulus, angle.] 

RECTANGLED (rekt'ang- 
gld), a. Having right an- 
gles. 

RECTANGULAR (rekt-ang'gu-lar), a. Right- 
angled. 

RECTIFIABLE (rek'ti-fi-a-bl), a. That may be 
rectified or set right. 

RECTIFICATION (rek-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of rectifying or setting right. 2. Process of 




Rectangle. 



refining a substance by repeated distillation or 
sublimation. 

RECTIFIER (rek'ti-fi-er), n. 1. One who 
rectifies. 2. One who refines a substance by 
repeated distillation. 3. Elec. Device for 
changing an alternating current into a direct 
current without intermediary transformation 
of energy. 

RECTIFY (rek'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. RECTIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECTDTIED(rek'ti-fid).] 1. Make 
straight or right. 2. Refine by distillation. 
[Fr. rectifier — rectus, straight, and facio, 
make.] 

SYN. Adjust; correct; redress; better; 
amend; reform. ANT. Aggravate; harm. 

RECTILINEAL (rek-ti-lin'e-al), RECTILIN- 
EAR (rek-ti-lin'e-ar), a. Bounded by straight 
lines; straight. [L. rectus, straight, and linea, 
line.] 

RECTITUDE (rek'ti-tud), n. Uprightness; cor- 
rectness of principle or practice; integrity. 
[L. rectitudo.] 

RECTOR (rek'tur), n. 1. In the English Church 
a clergyman who has the charge and care of a 
parish; pastor. 2. Head of a public school, 
university, etc. [L. rectus, p.p. of rego, rule.] 

RECTORAL (rektur-al), RECTORIAL (rek- 
to'ri-al), a. Of or pertaining to a rector or 
rectory. 

RECTOR ATE (rek'tur-at), RECTORSHIP (rek'- 
tur-ship), n. Office or position of a rector. 

RECTORY (iek'to-ri), n. [pi. RECTORIES.] 
Province, appointments or mansion of a rector. 

RECTUM (rek'tum), n. Lowest part of the large 
intestine. [L. rectus, straight.] 

RECUMBENCY (re-kum 'ben-si), n. State of 
being recumbent. [L. recumbens, pr.p. of 
recumbo, lie back.] 

RECUMBENT (re-kum 'bent), a. 1. Lying 
down ; reclining. 2. Inactive; idle; listless. 

RECUPERATE (re-ku'per-at), v. [pr.p. RE- 
CUPERATING; p.t. and p.p. RECUPERA- 
TED.] I. vt. Regain or recover after loss. II. 
vi. Regain health or strength. [L. recupe- 
ratus, p.p. of recupero, regain, recover.] 

RECUPERATION (re-ku-per-a'shun), n. Act 
of recuperating; recovery. 

RECUPERATIVE (re-ku'per-a-tiv), RECU- 
PERATORY (re-ku'per-a-to-ri), a. Tending 
to recovery; pertaining to recuperation. 

RECUR (re-kur), vi. [pr.p. RECURRING; 
p.t. and p.p. RECURRED (re-kurd).] 1. Re- 
turn to the mind. 2. Have recourse; resort. 
3. Happen at a stated interval. [L. recurro — 
re-, back, and curro, run.] 

RECURRENCE (re-kur'ens), n. Act of recur- 
ring or state of being recurrent. 

RECURRENT ( re-kur 'ent), a. 1. Returning 
from time to time. 2. Anat. Having a reflex 
course, as the recurrent arteries. 

RECURVATE (re-kurv'at), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
CURV'ATING; p.t. and p.p. RECURV'ATED.] 
Curve or bend back. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" \i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in. Scotch loch. 



RECUSANCY 



RECUSANCY (re-ku'zan-si or rek'u-zan-si), n. 
State of being a recusant; nonconformity. 

RECUSANT (re-ku'zant or rek'u-zant), I. a. 
Refusing to acknowledge the supremacy of 
the sovereign in religious matters. II. n. 
Nonconformist; one who refuses to acknowl- 
edge some principle or party. [Fr. — L. 
recuso — re-, against, and causa, cause.] 

RED (red), I. a. [comp. REDDER; superl. 
REDDEST.] Of a color like blood. II. n. 
One of the primary colors, of several shades, as 
scarlet, pink, etc. [A. S. read, red. M. E. 
reed, from which the surnames Beed, Bead, 
etc., originate.] 

REDACTION (re-dak'shun), n. 1. Act of ar- 
ranging in systematic order, especially literary 
materials. 2. Digest so made. [Fr. — L. 
redactio.] 

REDAN (re-dan'), n. Simplest form of fortifi- 
cation, consisting of two faces which form a 
salient angle towards the enemy, serving to 
cover a bridge or causeway. [Fr. for O. Fr. 
redent, double notching — L. re-, again, and 
dens, tooth.] 

REDBREAST (red'brest), n. 1. Favorite Euro- 
pean song-bird. 2. 
American thrush; 
robin. 

RED-DEER (redder), 
n. Species of deer 
which is reddish- 
brown in summer; 
common stag. 

REDDEN (red'n), v. 
[pr.p. REDDENING; 
p.t. and p.p. RED- 
DENED (red'nd).] I. 
Grow red ; blush. 

REDDISH (red'ish), a. Somewhat red; moder- 
ately red. 

REDDISHNESS (red'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being reddish. 

REDDITION (red-dish'un), n. 1. Giving back; 
returning; surrender. 2. Rendering of the 
sense; explanation. [Fr. — L. reddo, restore.] 

REDDITIVE (red'i-tiv), a. Returning an an- 
swer. 

REDDLE (red'l), n. Soft clay iron ore of a red- 
dish color; red clay. 

REDEEM (re-dem), vt. [pr.p. REDEEMING; 
p.t. and p.p. REDEEMED (re-demd').] 1. 
Ransom; relieve from captivity by a price; 
rescue. 2. Atone for; compensate for. 3. 
Perform, as a promise; recover, as a pledge. 
4. Improve. [L. redimo — re-, back, and emo, 
buy.] 

REDEE31ABLE (re-dem'a-bl), a. That may be 
redeemed. 

REDEEMER (re-dem'er), n. One who redeems 
or ransoms. — The Bedeemer, in Christian 
Theology, Jesus Christ. 

REDELIVER (re-de-liver), vt. [pr.p. REDE- 
LIVERING; p.t. and p.p. REDELIVERED 




Redbreast (Erithacus 
rubecula) . 



vt. 



Make red. II. vi. 



910 



REDPOLL 



(re-de-liv'erd).] 1. Deliver back or again. 
2. Liberate a second time. 

REDEMPTION (re-demp'shun), n. Act of re- 
deeming or buying back; ransom; release; 
deliverance. [See REDEEM.] 

REDEMPTIVE (re-demp'tiv), a. 1. Pertaining 
to redemption. 2. Serving or tending to 
redeem. 

REDEMPTORY (re-demp'to-ri), a. Serving to 
redeem; paid for ransom. 

REDENTED (re-dent'ed), a. Formed like the 
teeth of a saw. 

RED-HAND (red'hand), RED-HANDED (red'- 
hand-ed), a. With red or bloody hands; in 
the very act. 

RED-HEAT (red'het), n. Heat sufficient to pro- 
duce redness in a substance; violent excite- 
ment. 

RED-HOT (red'hot), a. Heated to redness; 
greatly excited. 

REDINTEGRATION (red-in-te-gra'shun), n. 
Restoration to integrity or to a whole or 
sound state; renovation. [L. redintegratio.] 

REDISTRIBUTION (re-dis-tri-bu'shun), n. New 
distribution. [Fr.] 

RED-LEAD (red'led), n. Red preparation of 
lead used in painting, formed by exposing 
partially fused protoxid of lead to the action 
of air at a high temperature. 

RED-LETTER (red'let-er), o. 1. Having red 
letters. 2. Auspicious or fortunate, as a day. 
So called from the holidays or saints' days 
being indicated by red letters in the old calen- 
dars. 

REDLY (red'li), adv. With redness. 

REDNESS (red'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being red; red color. 

REDOLENCE (redo-lens), REDOLENCY (red- 
o-len-si), n. Quality or state of being redo- 
lent. 

REDOLENT (red'o-lent), a. Diffusing fragrance. 
[L. redolens, pr.p. of redoleo, diffuse an odor.] 

REDOUBLE (re-dub'l),t> . [pr.p. REDOUBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. REDOUBLED (re-dub'ld).] I. 
vt. Double again or repeatedly increase 
greatly; multiply. II. vi. Become twice as 
much or as great. 

REDOUBT, REDOUT (re-dowf), n. Small 
fortification inclosed on all sides. [Fr. re- 
doute, reduit, retreat — L. reduco, lead back.] 

REDOUBTABLE (re-dowt'a-bl), a. Terrible to 
foes ; valiant. [O. Fr.] 

REDOUND (re-downd'), vi. 1, 
reaction; roll back; result. 
2. Rebound; conduce to 
one's credit. [L. redundo — 
red-, back, and undo, surge.] 

REDOWA (red'o-a), n. Bo- 
hemian dance. 

REDPOLL (red'pol), n. 
Small European and Amer- 
ican song-bird (Aegiothus 



Be sent back by 




Redpoll. 



linaria), a cage-bird related to the linnet. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burs, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



REDRAFT 



911 



REECHO 



REDRAFT (re-draff), n. Second draft or copy; 
new bill of exchange which the holder of a 
protested bill draws on the drawer or indors- 
ers, for the amount of the bill, with costs and 
charges. 

REDRAFT (re-draft), vt. [pr.p. REDRAFTING; 
p.t. and p.p. REDRAFTED.] Draft or draw 
up a second time. 

REDRAW (re-dra/), v. [pr.p. REDRAWING; 
p.t. REDREW (re-dro); p.p. REDRAWN (re- 
dran').] I. vt. Draw again; redraft. II. vi. 
Draw a new bill of exchange to meet another 
bill of the same amount, or, as the holder of a 
protested bill, on the drawer or indorsers. 

REDRESS (re-dies'), vt. [pr.p. REDRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. REDRESSED (re-drest').] Set 
right; relieve from; make amends to. [Fr. 
redresser.] 

REDRESS (re-dres'), n. Relief; reparation; 
remedy. 

REDRESSIBLE (re-dres'i-bl), a. That may be 
redressed. 

REDRESSIVE (re-dres'iv), a. Affording redress. 

REDSHANK (red'shangk), 
11. Aquatic bird of the- 
snipe family, With legs 
of a bright red color. 

REDSTART (red'start), 
n. Handsome American 
bird (Setophaga ruticil- 
la), about five inches 
long,generalcolorblack, 
sides of breast and base 
of the quills and tail 
reddish-orange, and the 
abdomen white. 

RED-STREAK (red'strek), n. 1. Kind of 
apple with skin having red streaks. 2. Cider 
made from such apples. 

RED-TAILED HAWK (red'tald hak). Abun- 
dant, best known, large, 
and widely distributed 
American hawk (Buteo 
borealis), of the family 
Falconidce, seven per 
cent of whose food con- 
sists of poultry, whence 
it is called hen-hawk or 
chicken-hawk, though 
sixty-six per cent of its 
food, as shown by ex- 
aminations of its stom- 
ach, consists of injuri- 
ous mammals such as 
field-mice,ground squir- 
rels, house mice, com- 
mon rats, moles, and 
skunks. It is nineteen 
to twenty-four Inches 

long, has a maximum spread of wing of fifty- 
six inches in the female, which is larger than 
the male, and adult specimens have the upper 
side of the tail bright chestnut red. 




Redstart. 




Red-tailed Hawk (Buteo 
borealis). 



RED-TAPE (red-tap'), I. n. 1. Red tape used 
in public, and especially government offices, 
for tying up documents, etc. 2. Intricate 
system of routine in government offices; intri- 
cate, vexatious official formality. II. a. Per- 
taining to official formality. 

REDTOP (red'top), n. Species of grass (Agrosils 
vulgaris), cultivated for hay and pasturage. 

REDUCE (re-dus'), vt. [pr.p. REDUCING; p.t. 
and p.p. REDUCED (re-dust').] 1. Bring into 
a lower state. 2. Make smaller, as a cut in 
engraving. 3. Subdue; bring to terms. 4. 
Bring into a certain condition, as by pulveri- 
zing, diluting, arranging, etc. 5. Arith. Change 
(quantities) from one denomination Into an- 
other. [L. re-, back, and duco, lead.] 

SYN. Diminish; shorten; decrease; les- 
sen; conquer; degrade; impoverish; im- 
pair; weaken; classify. ANT. Increase; 
exalt. 

REDUCIBLE (re-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
reduced. 

REDUCTION (re-duk'shun), w. 1. Act or proc- 
ess of reducing or state of being reduced. 2. 
Amount, value, quantity, etc., by which any- 
thing is reduced or lessened. 3. Surg. Op- 
eration of restoring a fractured or dislocated 
bone to its proper place or state. 

REDUNDANCE (re-dun'dans), REDUNDANCY 
(re-dun'dan-si), n. 1. Quality of being redun- 
dant or superfluous. 2. That which is re- 
dundant. 

REDUNDANT (re-dun'dant), a. Exceeding what 
is necessary; superfluous in word or images. 
[See REDOUND.] 

REDUNDANTLY (re-dun'dant-li), adv. In a 
redundant manner or degree; superfluously; 
to excess. 

REDUPLICATE (re-du'pli-kat), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
DU'PLICATING; p.t. and p.p. REDUPLI- 
CATED.] Duplicate or double again; multi- 
ply; repeat. 

REDUPLICATE (re-du'pli-kat), a. Redoubled; 
repeated. 

REDUPLICATION (re-du-pll-ka'shun), n. Act 
of reduplicating or state of being reduplicated. 

REDUPLICATIVE (re-du'pli-ka-tiv), a. 1. Re- 
duplicated; double. 2. Bot. Doubled back. 

REDWING (red'wing), n. European species cf 
thrush ( Turdus iliacus) . 

RED WARE (red 'war), n. Kind of sea- weed 
(Laminaria digitata) ; sea-tangle; tangle. 

REDWOOD (red'wod), w. Gigantic coniferous 
tree (Sequoia sempervirens) , of California, or 
its fine-textured durable reddish wood. 

REEBOK (re'bok), n. South African antelope 
(Pelea capreola). 

REECHO (re-ek'o), n. Echo of an echo. 

REECHO (re-ek'6), v. [pr.p. REECHOING; 
p.t. and p.p. REECHOED (re-ek'6d).] I. vt. 
1. Echo back; reverberate. 2. Retain the 
sound or name of. II. vi. Give an echo 
back. [RE- and ECHO.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



REED 



913 



REEVE 




Reed (Phragmites 

communis) . 



Organ 



REED (red), n. 1. Kind of coarse grass, com- 
mon at the sides of riv- 
ers, lakes, etc., used for 
thatching. 2. Musical 
pipe anciently made of a 
reed. 3. Vibrating tongue 
in a musical instrument, 
4. Part of a loom by 
which the threads are sep- 
arated. [A. S. hreod.] 

REEDBIRD (red'berd), n. 
Bobolink or rice-bird. 

REEDED (red'ed), a. 
Covered with reeds. 
Formed with reed-like 
ridges or channels. 

REED-ORGAN (red'ar-gan), n. Music. 
whose pipes are provided with reeds. 

REEDUCATION (re-ed-u-ka'shun), n. Psycho- 
pathology. New education, after the first one 
has been lost through disease. 

REEDY (red'i), a. 1. Abounding with reeds. 2. 
Resembling, or sounding as, a reed. 

BEEF (ref), n. Chain of rocks near the surface 
of the water. [Ice. rif.] 

REEF (ref), n. Naut. That part of a sail which 
is folded or rolled up to contract the sail, 
when the force of the wind renders it neces- 
sary. [Dut. rif.] 

REEF (ref), vt. [pr.p. REEF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REEFED (reft).] Naut. Take a reef or reef s in. 

REEFER (refer), n. 1. One who reefs sails. 2. 
Reefing-jacket. 

REEFING-JACKET (ref'ing-jak-et), n. Close- 
fitting jacket or short coat made of strong 
heavy cloth. 

REEF-KNOT (ref 'not), n. NauU Square knot 
used in tying reef-points 
in such wise that the knot 
does not jam. 

REEF-POINT (ref'point), 
n. Naut. One of a row 
of small ropes passing Reef-knot. 

through eyelet holes of a sail in reefing. 

REEK (rek), vi. [pr.p. REEKING ; p.t. and p.p. 
REEKED (rekt).] 1. Emit smoke, vapor or 
steam. 2. Emit an unpleasant odor. [A. S. 
rec — rScan, smoke.] 

REEKY (rek'i), a. 1. Emitting steam or smoke. 
2. Emitting foul odors. 

REEL (rel), n. Lively Scottish dance. — Virginia 
reel, common U. S. name for surviving old 
English "country dance," or contradance. 
[Gael, righil.] 

REEL (rel), n. 
Turning 

suss 



frame for 
winding 
yarn, twine, 
co rd, etc. 
[A.S. re6l, 
hreol.) 
REEL (rel), v. 





Gyratory Fish-line Reel. 
[pr.p. REEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 



REELED (reld).] I. vt. Wind on a reel. II. 
vi. 1. Stagger. 2. Feel dizzy. 3. Whirl round 
and round. 

REELECT (re-e-lekf), vt. [pr.p. REELECT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REELECT'ED.] Elect again. 

REELECTION (re-e-lek'shun), n. Act of re- 
electing or state of being reelected. 

REELIGIBLE ( re-el '1-jl-bl), a. Capable of re- 
election. 

REEMBARK (re-em-bark'), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
EMBARK'ING; p.t. and p.p. REEMBARKED 
(re-em-barkt').] Embark or put on board 
again. 

REEMBARKATION (re-em-bar-ka'shun), n. 
Act of reembarking. 

REEMBODY (re-em-bod'i), vt. [pr.p. REEM- 
BOD'YING; p.t. and p.p. REEMBODIED (re- 
em-bod 'id).] Embody again or anew. 

REENACT (re-en-akf), vt. [pr.p. REENACT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REENACT 'ED.] Enact again. 

REENACTMENT (re-en-akt'ment), n. Act of 
reenacting or state of being reenacted; re- 
enacted law. 

REENFORCE (re-en-fors'), vt. [pr.p. REEN- 
FOR'CING; p.t. and p.p. REENFORCED (re- 
en-forst').] Give new force or strength to; 
support; strengthen; reinforce. 

REENFORCE (re-en-fors), n. Ord. That part 
of a cannon or piece of ordnance (near the 
breach) which is made of additional thickness. 

REENFORCEMENT (re-en-fors'ment), n. A 
strengthening, especially of a body of troops 
with fresh troops. 

REENGAGE (re-en-gaj'), vt. [pr.p. REENGA'- 
GING p.t. and p.p. REENGAGED (re-en- 
gaj d').] Engage again. 

REENGAGEMENT (re-en-gaj 'ment), n. Re- 
newed or fresh engagement. 

REENLIST (re-en-lisf), vt. and vi. [pr.p. RE- 
ENLIST'lNG; p.t. and p.p. REENLIST'ED.] 
Enlist again. 

REENLISTMENT (re-en-list'ment), n. Re- 
newed enlistment. 

REENTER (re-en 'ter), v. [pr.p. REEN'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. REENTERED (re-en'terd).] I„ 
vt. Go or come into again. II. vi. Enter a 
second time. 

REENTRY (re-en'tri), n. 1. New or fresh entry. 
2. Retaking possession as by a landlord for 
non-payment of rent. 

REESTABLISH (re-es-tab'lish), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
ESTABLISHING; p.t. and p.p. REESTAB- 
LISHED (re-es-tab'lisht).] Establish again. 

REESTABLISHMENT (re-es-tab'lish-ment), n. 
Act of reestablishing or state of being reestab- 
lished; restoration. 

REEVE (rev), n. Female of the ruff (Pavoncella). 

REEVE (rev), n. In England, steward; bailiff. 
[A.S. gerefa.] 

REEVE (rev), vt. [pr.p. REEV'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REEVED (revd) or ROVE (rov).] Pass (the 
end of a rope) through any hole, as the chan- 
nel of a block. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






REEXAMINE 



913 



REFLEX 



REEXAMINE (re-egz-am'in), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
EXAMINING; p.t. and p.p. REEXAMINED 
(re«egz-am'ind).] Examine again or anew. 

REFASHION (re-fash'un), vt. [pr.p. REFASH- 
IONING; p.t. and p.p. REFASHIONED (re- 
fash'und).] Fashion or shape anew. 

REFECTION (re-fek'shun), w. Refreshment; 
meal ; repast. [Fr. — L. re-, again, and facio, 
make.] 

REFECTORY (re-fek'to-ri), n. 1. Eating-hall 
in a convent. 2. Any place where meals or 
refreshments are taken. 

REFER (re-fer'), v. [pr.p. REFER'RING; p.t. 
and p.p. REFERRED (re-ferd).] I. vt. 1. 
Submit or direct to another person or author- 
ity. 2. Assign; trace back. II. vi. Have 
reference or recourse; relate; allude. [Fr. 
referer — L. re-, and fero, bear.] 

SYN. Ascribe ; charge ; attribute ; impute. 

REFERABLE (ref'er-a-bl), REFERRIBLE (re- 
fer 'i-bl), a. Capable of being referred; ascrib- 
able; assignable; attributable. 

REFEREE (ref-er-e'), n. One to whom any- 
thing is referred; arbitrator; umpire; judge. 

REFERENCE (ref'er-ens), n. 1. Act of refer- 
ring; submitting for information or decision. 
2. Relation; allusion. 3. One who or that 
which is referred to. 4. Law. Act of submit- 
ting a dispute for investigation or decision. 

REFERENCE-MARK (ref'er-ens-mark), n. 
Print, and Writing. Sign or mark used at 
different places in written or printed matter 
to show that attention is called to the portion 
of the composition so indicated, either at 
the foot of the page or at the end of the article. 

*, Asterisk; +, Dagger; f, Double-dagger; 
II, Parallel lines ; S, Section; fT, Paragraph; 
Index hands or fists. 



Principal Reference-marks. 

REFERENDUM (ref-er-en'dum), n. 1. Sub- 
mission of a matter passed upon by the leg- 
islature of a state or nation to a vote of the 
people for approval or rejection, as of a con- 
stitutional amendment. 2. Submission to 
his government, by an ambassador, of a 
point with regard to which he is without in- 
structions. — Initiative and referendum, fre- 
quently used together as constituting, along 
with the recall, the main elements of direct 
legislation. [L., neuter of referendus — refero, 
refer.] 

REFINE (re-fin), v. [pr.p. REFI'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. REFINED (re-find).] I. vt. Separate 
from extraneous matter; reduce to a fine 
or pure state; purify; clarify; polish; make 
elegant. II. vi. 1. Become fine or pure; 
improve. 2. Make subtle distinctions. [Fr. 
raffiner.] 

REFINED (re-find'), a. 1. Freed from im- 
purities. 2. Of high culture ; polished. 



REFINEDLY (re-fi'ned-li), adv. 1. In a refined 
manner. 2. With affected nicety or elegance. 

REFINEDNESS (re-fi'ned-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being refined. 

REFINEMENT (re-fin'ment), n. 1. Act of 
refining or state of being refined. 2. Freedom 
from vulgarity; culture. 3. That which is re- 
fined or elaborated too much. 

REFINER (re-fi'ner), n. One who or that 
which refines. 

REFINERY (re-fi'ner-i), n. Place for refining. 

REFINING (re-fining), n. Act or process of 
refining or purifying, particularly sugar or 
metals. 

REFIT ( re-fit'), vt. [pr.p. REFITTING; p.*. and 
p.p. REFIT 'TED.] Fit or prepare again. 

REFLECT (re-flekf), v. [pr.p. REFLECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFLECT 'ED.] I. vt. Throw 
back after striking upon a surface, as light, 
etc. II. vi. 1. Be thrown back, as light, 
heat, etc. 2. Revolve in the mind; consider 
attentively or deeply; ponder. 3. Cast re- 
proach or censure. [L. reflecto — re-, back, and 
flecto, bend or turn.] 

SYN. Radiate; image; revert; meditate; 
muse. ANT. Ignore; neglect; trifle. 

REFLECTIBLE (re-flekt'i-bl), a. That may 
be reflected or thrown back. 

REFLECTING (re-flekt'ing), a. 1. Throwing 
backlight, heat, etc. 2. Given to reflection; 
thoughtful. 

REFLECTING-TELESCOPE (re-flekt'ing-tel-e- 
skop), n. Optics. A telescope In which the rays 
are received upon an object-mirror and con- 
veyed to a focus, at which the image is viewed 
by an eye-piece. 

REFLECTION (re-flek'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
flecting. 2. Sending back of light, heat, etc. 
3. State of being reflected. 4. That which 
is reflected. 5. Attentive consideration. 6. 
Reproach cast. 

SYN. Turning; contemplation; medita- 
tion; cogitation; rumination; deliberation; 
study; thought. ANT. Inconsiderateness; 
imprudence; thoughtlessness. 

REFLECTIVE (re-flekt'iv), a. 1. Reflecting; 
considering the operations of the mind; ex- 
ercising thought or reflection. 
2. Gram. Reciprocal. 

REFLECTI VEL Y (re-flekt'iv-li), 
adv. 1. By reflection. 2. As 
one reflecting. 

REFLECTIVENESS (re-flekt'iv- 
nes), n. Quality or state of 
being reflective. 

REFLECTOR (re-flekt'fir), n. 1. 
One who or that which re- 
flects; mirror or polished re- 
flecting surface. 2. Reflect- 
ing ^telescope. 

REFLEX (re'fleks), I. a. 1. 
Bent or turned back; reflected. 
2. Phys. 




Reflector. 
Said of certain movements which 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



REFLEXIVE 



914 



REFRIGERATIVE 



take place independently of the will, being 
sent from a nerve center in answer to a stimu- 
lus from the surface. 3. Paint. Illuminated 
by light reflected from another part of the 
same picture. II. n. Reflector; light reflected 
from an illuminated surface. [L. reflexus, 
p.p. of reflccto, bend back.] 

REFLEXIVE (re-fleks'iv), a. 1. Reflective; re- 
specting the past; turning back on itself. 2. 
Gram. Denoting action directed back on sub- 
ject; as, "she suns herself." 

REFLEXIVELY (re-fleks'iv-li), adv. In a re- 
flexive manner. 

REFLUENT (ref'lo-ent), a. Flowing back, ebb- 
ing. [L. re-, back, and fluo, fluxum, flow.] 

REFLUX (re'fluks), I. a. Flowing or returning 
back; reflex. II. n. Flowing back; ebb. [L. re-, 
back, and fluxus, p.p. of fluo, flow.] 

REFORM (re-farm), v. [pr.p. REFORMING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFORMED (re-farmd').] I. vt. 
Transform; make better; remove that which 
is objectionable from; repair or improve; 
reclaim. II. vi. Recome better; abandon evil; 
be corrected or improved. [Fr. reformer — 
L. reformo — re-, again, and formo, shape.] 

REFORM (rS-farm'), v. [pr.p. REFORMING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFORMED (re-farmd').] 1. vt. 
Form again or anew. II. vi. Get Into form 
or order again. [RE- and FORM.] 

REFORMATION (re-far-ma'shun), n. Act of 
forming again. 

REFORMATION (ref-ar-ma'shun), w. Act of 
reforming; amendment; Improvement. — The 
Reformation, the great religious change of the 
16th century, when the Protestants separated 
from the Roman Catholic Church. 

REFORMATIVE (re-farm'a-tiv), a. Forming 
again or anew; tending to produce reform. 

REFORMATORY (re-farm'a-to-ri), I. a. Re- 
forming; tending to produce reform. II. n. 
An institution for reclaiming youths and 
children who have been convicted of crime. 

REFORMED (re-farmd'), a. Restored to a good 
state; changed; amended; improved. 

REFORMER (re-farm'er), n. 1. One who 
reforms. 2. One who advocates political 
reform. 3. [R-] One of those who took part 
In the Reformation of the 16th century. 

REFRACT (re-frakt'), vt. [pr.p. REFRACTING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFRACT'ED.] Rreak the nat- 
ural course of, or bend from a direct line, as 
rays of light, etc. [L. re-, back, and frango, 
break.] 

REFRACTING-TELESCOPE (re-frakt'Ing-tel- 
e-skop), n. Telescope which trans- 
mits the rays to a focus 
through a combination 
of lenses called the ob- 
ject-glass; refractor. 

REFRACTION (re-frak'- 

shun), n. Act of re- Refraction. 

fracting; change in direction of a ray of light, 
heat, etc., when it enters a different medium. 




REFRACTIVE (re-f rakt'iv), a. Refracting ; per- 
taining to refraction. 

REFRACTOMETER (re-frakt-om'e-ter), n. In- 
strument for exhibiting and measuring the 
refraction of light, and by means of which 
very minute magnitudes may be measured 
with great accuracy. [REFRACTION and 
METER.] 

REFRACTOR (re-frakt'ur), n. Refracting-tele- 
scope. 

REFRACTORILY ( re-frakt 'o-ri-li), adv. In a 
refractory manner. 

REFRACTORINESS (re-frakt'o-ri-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being refractory. 

REFRACTORY (re-frakt'o-ri), a. 1. Unruly; 
obstinate. 2. Difficult of fusion as metals, 
etc. 

SYN. Unmanageable; perverse; head- 
strong; contumacious; determined; stub- 
born. ANT. Compliant; docile; pliable. 

REFRACTURE (re-frak'tur), n. Rreaking again, 
as of a badly set bone. 

REFRAGABILITY(ref-ra-ga-bil'i-tl), n. State 
of being refragable. 

REFRAGARLE (ref'ra-ga-bl), a. Capable of be- 
ing refuted or successfully resisted. 

REFRAIN (re-fran'), n. Phrase or verse recur- 
ring at the end of each division of a poem; 
burden of a song. [Fr.] 

REFRAIN (re-fran'), v. [pr.p. REFRAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFRAINED (re-f rand').] I. vt. 
Curb; restrain. II. vi. Keep from action; 
forbear. [Fr. refrtner — L. refreno — re-, back, 
and frenum, bridle.] 

REFRANGIRILIT Y (re-fran-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being refrangible. 

REFRANGIBLE (re-fran'ji-bl), a. That may be 
refracted or turned out of a direct course, as 
rays of light, heat, etc. 

REFRESH (re-fresh'), vt. [pr.p. REFRESHING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFRESHED (re-fresht').] Make 
fresh again ; give new strength, spirit, etc., to. 

SYN. Cheer; cool; enliven; reanimate; 
renovate; revive; restore. ANT. Depress; 
dishearten; damp. 

REFRESHING (re-fresh'ing), a. Serving to 
refresh; invigorating. 

REFRESHMENT (re-fresh'ment), n. 1. Act of 
refreshing. 2. New strength or spirit after 
exhaustion. 3. That which refreshes, as 
food or rest; frequently in the plural. 

REFRIGERANT (re-frij'er-ant), I. a. Making 
cold ; cooling ; refreshing. II. n. That which 
cools. 

REFRIGERATE (re-frij'er-at), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
FRIG'ERATING; p.t. and p.p. REFRIG'ER- 
ATED.] Cause to become cold; cool, as in a 
refrigerator. [L. refrigero — re-, again, and 
frigero, cool; from frigus, cold.] 

REFRIGERATION (re-frij-er-a'shun), n. Act 
of refrigerating or state of being refrigerated. 

REFRIGERATIVE (re-frij'er-a-tiv), a. Cooling; 
refreshing. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rait; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



REFRIGERATOR 



915 



REGATTA 




Refrigerator. 
Past tense and past participle 



REFRIGERATOR (re-frij'er-a-tur), n. Box, 
cupboard, or room for 
preserving food by keep- 
ing it at a low tem- 
perature; ice safe. 

REFRIGERATOR-CAR 
(re-frij'er-a-tur-kar), n. 
Rail-road or other car 
specially arranged for 
the transportation of 
perishable goods at low 
temperature. 

REFRIGERATORY (re- 
frij'er-a-to-ri), I. a. Al- 
laying heat ; ref riger- 
ative; cooling. II. n. 
That which ref rigerates ; 
refrigerator. 

REFT (reft), v. 
of REAVE. 

REFUGE (ref'uj), n. 1. That which affords 
shelter or protection; asylum; retreat. 2. 
Resource ; expedient. [Fr. — L. refugium — re-, 
back, and fugio, flee.] 

REFUGEE (ref-u-je'), w. One who flees for 
refuge to another country, especially from 
religious or political persecution. 

REFULGENCE (re-ful'jens), REFULGENCY 
(re-ful'j en-si), n. State of being refulgent; 
brightness ; brilliance. 

REFULGENT (re-ful'jent), a. Casting a flood 
of light; shining; brilliant. [L. refulgens, pr. 
p. of refulgeo — re-, back, and fulgeo, shine.] 

REFUND (re-fund), vt. [pr.p. REFUNDING; 
p.t. and p.p. REFUND'ED.] Repay; restore; 
return (what has been taken). [L. refundo — 
re-, back, and fundo, pour.] 

REFUSAL (re-fu'zal), n. 1. Denial of any- 
thing requested. 2. Rejection. 3. Right of 
taking, in preference to others. 

REFUSE (re-fuz'), v. [pr.p. REFU'SING; p.t. and 
p.p\ REFUSED (re-fuzd').] I. vt. 1. Reject. 
2. Deny, as a request, etc. II. vi. 1. De- 
cline acceptance. 2. Fail to comply. [Fr. re- 
fuser.] 

REFUSE (ref 'us), I. a. Refused as worthless. 
II. n. That which is rejected or left as worth- 
less; dross. 

REFUTABILITY (re-fu-ta-bil'i-ti), n. Quality 
of being refutable. 

REFUTABLE (re-fu'ta-bl), a. That may be 
refuted or disproved. 

REFUTAL (re-fu'tal), n. Refutation; disproof; 
overthrowing. 

REFUTATION (ref-u-ta'shun), n. Act or pro- 
cess of refuting; disproof. 

REFUTATORY (re-fu'ta-to-ri), a. Relating to 
or containing refutation; tending or serving 
to refute. 

REFUTE (re-fuf), vt. [pr.p. REFU'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. REFU'TED.] 1. Prove to be false or 
erroneous; disprove. 2. Overcome in argu- 
ment; confute. [Fr. refuter — L. refuto, repel.] 




Regalia. 



REFUTER (re-fu'ter), n. One who or that 
which refutes. 

REGAIN (re-gan'), vt. [pr.p. REGAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REGAINED (re-gand').] Gain 
back or again ; recover. 

REGAL (re'gal), a. Belonging to a king; kingly; 
royal. [L. regalis — rea?, regis, king.] 

REGAL (re'gal), RIGOLE (rig'ol), n. Small 
portable organ used to support treble voices. 
[It. regale, hand-organ.] 

REGALE (re-gal'), v. [pr.p. REGA'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. REGALED (re-gald').] I. vt. 1. 
Entertain in a sumptuous manner. 2. Re- 
fresh. 3. Gratify. II. vi. Feast. [Fr. regaler. 
See GALA.] 

REGALE (re-gal'), n. Regal or magnificent 
feast. 

REGALIA (re-ga'li-a), n. 1. Ensigns of roy- 
alty ; crown, 
scepter, etc. 
especially 
those used at 
a coronation. 
2. Rights and 
privileges of a 
sovereign. 3. 
Ornamental 
dress, badges, 
jewels, etc., 
worn by fra- 
ternal organ- 
izations, and other societies, or by high officers 
and dignitaries. [L., royal things (.neuter pi. 
of regalis, royal).] 

REGALITY ( re-gal i-ti), n. State of being regal; 
royalty; sovereignty. 

REGALLY (re'gal-i), adv. In a regal manner. 

REGARD (re-gard'), vt. [pr.p. REGARDING; 
p.t. and p.p. REGARD'ED.] 1. Observe par- 
ticularly; hold in respect or affection; pay 
attention to. 2. Esteem; consider. 3. Re- 
spect; relate to. [Fr. regarder — re-, back, and 
garder, keep, look after.] 

REGARD (re-gard'), n. 1. Look; gaze. 2. At- 
tention with interest; observation. 3. Re- 
spect; esteem. 4. Repute; estimation. 5. 
Relation; reference. 

REGARDFUL (re-gard'fol), a. Full of regard; 
taking notice; heedful; attentive. 

REGARDFULLY (re-gard'fQl-i), adv. 1. In a 
regardful manner; with regard or esteem. 
2. Heedfully; attentively. 

REGARDING (re-gard'ing), prep. With respect 
to; concerning. 

REGARDLESS (re-gard'les), a. Without re- 
gard; negligent; heedless. 

REGARDLESSLY (re-gard'les-li), adv. In a 
regardless manner. 

REGARDLESSNESS (re-gard'les-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being regardless. 

REGATTA (re-gat'a), n. Race of yachts; row- 
ing or sailing match. [Originally a contest of 
the gondoliers at Venice. It.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



REGELATION 



916 



REGRET 



REGELATION (re-je-la'shun), n. Union by 
freezing together of two pieces of ice. [RE-, 
and L. gelatio, freezing.] 

REGENCY (re'jen-si), n. [pi. REGENCIES (re'- 
jen-siz).] 1. Office, jurisdiction, or dominion 
of a regent. 2. Body intrusted with vicarious 
government. 3. Period under a regent. 4. 
Authority; government; rule. 

REGENERACY (re-jen'er-a-si), n. State of 
being regenerate. 

REGENERATE (re-jen'er-at), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
GENERATING; p.t. and p.p. REGENER- 
ATED.] 1. Generate or produce anew. 2. 
Renew (the heart), turning it to the love of 
God. 

REGENERATE (re-jen'er-at), a. 1. Repro- 
duced. 2. Made stronger or better. 3. Theol. 
Renewed spiritually; regenerated. 

REGENERATION (re-jen-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act 
of regenerating or state of being regenerated. 

2. Biol. Production of new tissue or part to 
supply the place of an old one lost or removed. 

REGENERATIVE (re-jen'er-a-tiv), a. Tending 
to regenerate; regenerating. 

REGENERATIVELY (re-jen'er-a-tiv-li), adv. 
In a regenerative manner. 

REGENERATOR (re-jen'er-a-tiir), n. One who 
or that which regenerates. 

REGENT (re'jent), I. a. 1. Invested with in- 
terim sovereign authority. 2. Ruling; gov- 
erning. II. n. 1. One invested with interim 
authority; one who rules for a sovereign. 

3. In the English universities a master of 
arts under five years' standing, and a doctor 
under two. 3. One of the board, appointed 
by the Legislature, who have the superin- 
tendence of all the colleges, academies and 
schools of the State of New York. 4. In some 
of the States, the presiding officer of a uni- 
versity. 5. In some of the States, one of an 
elective board who have superintendence of 
the state university; one of the Board of 
Regents. 6. In Harvard University, officer 
having supervision of the conduct of students, 
and of their dormitories, societies, etc. [L. 
regens, pr.p. of rego, rule.] 

REGICIDAL (rej'i-si-dal), a. Pertaining to or of 
the nature of regicide; tending to regicide. 

REGICIDE (rej'i-sid), n. 1. Murderer of a king. 
2. Murder of a king. [Fr. — L. rex, king, and 
ccedo, kill.] 

REGIME (ra-zhem'), w. Form of government; 
administration. [Fr. — L. regimen — rego, rule.] 

REGIMEN (rej'i-men), n. 1. Orderly govern- 
ment. 2. Any regulation for gradually pro- 
ducing benefit. 3. Med. Rule of diet. 4. 
Gram. Government of one word by another; 
word governed. [L.] 

REGIMENT (rej'i-ment), n. Body of soldiers 
commanded by a colonel, and consisting of a 
number of companies or troops. 

REGIMENTAL (rej-i-men'tal), a. Relating to a 
regiment. 



REGIMENTALS (rej-i-men'talz), n.pl, Articles 
of military clothing; military uniform. 

REGION (re'jun), n. Portion of land; country; 
district. [L. regio.] 

REGISTER (rej'is-ter), n. 1. Written record, 
regularly kept. 2. Book containing the 
record. 3. One who or that which registers 
or records. 4. That which regulates, as the 
damper of a furnace, or a device in a wall or 
floor, etc., for keeping out or letting in heat 
from a hot-air chamber. .5. Stop or range of 
pipes on the organ, etc.; compass of a voice 
or of a musical instrument. 6. Perfect match 
or coincidence of lines, as in printing several 
colors one over the other. 7. Document 
issued by the customs authorities as evidence 
of a vessel's nationality. [Fr. registre — L. 
regesta, records.] 

REGISTER (rej'is-ter), v. [pr.p. REGISTER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REGISTERED (rej'is-terd).] 

1. vt. 1. Enter or cause to be entered in a 
register; record; enroll. 2. Cause to be listed 
at the polls; as, to register a voter. 3. In- 
dicate by registering; as, the thermometer 
registered five degrees below zero. II. vi. 1. 
Enter one's name, or cause it to be entered, 
in a register or registry. 2, Print. Align 
perfectly. 

REGISTRAR (rej'is-trar), n. One who keeps 

a register. 
REGISTRARSHIP (rej'is-trar-ship), n. Office 

of a registrar. 
REGISTRATION (rej-is-tra'shun), n. 1. Act of 

registering. 2. Aggregate of names or voters 

registered. 
REGISTRY (rej'is-tri), n. 1. Act of registering. 

2. Place where a register is kept. 3. Facts 
recorded; record. 

REGLET (reg'let), n. Print. Strip of wood of 
varying length and thickness, reaching in 
height to the shoulder of printers' type, and 
used in the place of leads for spacing the lines. 

REGNANCY (reg'nan-si), n. Reign; pre- 
dominance. 

REGNANT (reg'nant), a. Reigning; predomi- 
nant. [L. regnans, pr.p. of regno, rule;] 

REGRESS (re'gres), n. 1. Passage back; re- 
turn. 2. Power or liberty of returning. [L. 
regressus — regredior, return — re-, back, and 
gradior, go.] 

REGRESS (re-gres'), vi. [pr.p. REGRESS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REGRESSED (re-grest').] Re- 
turn to a former place or state; go back. 

REGRESSION (re-gresh'un), n. Act of returning 
or receding. 

REGRET (re-gref), vt. [pr.p. REGRET'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. REGRET'TED.] 1. Remember 
with distress; lament. 2. Be sorry for; repent 
of. [Fr. regretter.] 

REGRET (re-gref), n. 1. Grief or sorrow for 
the loss of something, or on account of some 
past event. 2. [pi.] Polite response declining 
an invitation. (Colloq.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



REGRETFUL 



917 



REINDEER 



SYN. Compunction; contrition; concern; 
remorse; repentance; penitence. ANT. Ela- 
tion; satisfaction; joy. 

REGRETFUL (re-gret'fol), a. Full of, or ex- 
pressive of, regret. 

REGRETFULLY (re-gret'fol-i), adv. With re- 
gret. 

REGRETTABLE (re-gret'a-bl), c. To be re- 
gretted. 

REGULAR (reg'u-lar), I. a. 1. According to 
rule or custom ; normal. 2. Instituted or con- 
ducted according to established forms. 3. 
Geom. Having all the sides and angles equal. 
4. Belonging to the permanent army. II. n. 

1. Soldier in the permanent army. 2. Quali- 
fied member of a religious order. [L. regularis 
— regula, rule.] 

SYN. Uniform; orderly; symmetrical; 
methodical; periodical; thoroughly; usual. 

REGULARITY (reg-u-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being regular. 

REGULARLY (reg'u-lar-li), adv. In a regular 
manner. 

REGULATE (reg'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. REG'ULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. REG'ULATED.] Make 
regular; subject to rules; put in good order. 

REGULATION (reg-u-la/shun), n. 1. Act of 
regulating. 2. State of being regulated. 3. 
Rule or order prescribed; precept; law. 

REGULATIVE (reg'u-la-tiv), a. Tending to 
regulate. 

REGULATOR (reg'u-la-tur), n. 1. One who or 
that which regulates; lever which regulates 
the motion of a watch, etc.; anything that 
regulates motion. 2. Member of a volunteer 
committee which undertakes to preserve 
order and prevent crime when the constituted 
authorities have failed to do so. 

REGULUS (reg'u-lus), n. Intermediate and 
Impure product in the smelting of metallic 
ores. [L., little king.] 

REGURGITATE (re-gur'ji-tat), v. [pr.p. RE- 
GUR'GITATING; p.t. and p.p. REGURGI- 
TATED.] I. vt. Throw or pour back in great 
quantity. II. vi. Be poured back; surge back. 
[L. re-, again, and gurges, whirlpool.] 

REGURGITATION (re-gtir-ji-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Act of rushing back. 2. Act of swallowing 
again; reabsorption. 

REHABILITATE (re-ha-bll'i-tat), vt. [pr.p. 
REHABILITATING; p.t. and p.p. REHABIL- 
ITATED.] Reinstate ; restore to former privi- 
leges, capacity, etc. 

REHABILITATION (rS-ha-MM-ta'shun), n. 
Act of rehabilitating or state of being reha- 
bilitated. 

REHASH (re-hash'), vt. [pr.p. REHASH'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REHASHED (re-hasht').J Work 
over, as old material into a new form. 

REHASH (re-hash'), n. 1. Something made up 
of materials which have already been used. 

2. Agglomeration of several articles of news 
or stories made into one article. (Colloq.) 



REHEARING (re-her'ing), n. Law. Second 
hearing of a trial or argument on appeal. 

REHEARSAL (re-hers'al), n. Act of rehearsing; 
recital; recital before exhibition in public. 

REHEARSE (re-hers'), vt. [pr.p. REHEARSING; 
p.t. and p.p. REHEARSED (re-herst').] 1. 
Repeat (what has already been said). 2. Nar- 
rate. 3. Recite or practice privately, before 
a public representation. [O. Fr. rehercier — re-, 
again, and herder, harrow.] 

REHEARSER (re-hers'er), n. One who re- 
hearses or recites. 

REI (re), n. 1. Brazilian coin of the value of 
one-twentieth of a cent. 2. Portuguese coin 
of the value of one-tenth of a cent. [Pg. 
reis, pi. of real — Sp. real.] 

ReICHSRATH (rikhs'rat), n. Austrian parlia- 
ment. [Ger. reich, empire, and rath, coun- 
cil.] 

ReICHSSTADT (rikhs'stat), n. City of the 
German Empire, not subject to a sovereign 
other than the emperor, as Hamburg, Lubec 
and Bremen. [Ger.reich, empire, and stadt,elty.] 

REICHSTAG (rikhs'tag), n. German parlia- 
ment. [Ger. reich, empire, and tag, day, diet.] 

REIGN (ran), n. 1. Rule; dominion; royal au- 
thority; supreme power; influence. 2. Time 
during which a sovereign rules. [Fr. regne — 
L. regnum — rego, rule.] 

REIGN (ran), vi. [pr.p. REIGN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. REIGNED (rand).] 1. Possess and ex- 
ercise sovereign authority, as a king; rule; 
govern. 2. Prevail; be predominant. 

REIMBURSE (re-im-b*rs'), vt. [pr.p. REIM- 
BURSING; p.t. and p.p. REIMBURSED (re- 
im-burst').] Pay an equivalent to, for loss 
or expense. [Fr. rembourser — re-, again, and 
embourser, put in a purse.] 

REIMBURSEMENT (re-im-biirs'ment), n. Act 
of reimbursing. 

REIMBURSER (re-im-burs'er), n. One who 
reimburses. 

REIMS (remz; Fr. rangs), n. City in Marne 
Department, France. 

REIN (ran), n. Strap of a bridle; instrument for 
curbing or governing; government. [O. Fr. 
reine — -L. retineo, hold back.] 

REIN (ran), v. [pr.p. REINING; p.t. and p.p. 
REINED (rand).] I. vt. 1. Re- 
strain or pull up with the rein or 
reins. 2. Restrain; curb. II. 
vi. Be governed by the reins; 
obey the reins. 

REINCARNATION (re-in- 
kar-na'shun), n. Re- 
peated Incarnation; new 
embodiment. 

REINDEER (ran'der), n. 
[pi. REINDEER.] Kind 
of deer in the north of 
the Old World, valua- 
ble for domestic uses. 
[A. S. hran — Lapp reino, pasture, and DEER.] 




Reindeer, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



REINFORCE 



918 



RELATIVENESS 



REINFORCE (re-in-fors'), vt. [pr.p. REINFOR'- 
CING; p.t. and p.p. REINFORCED (re-in- 
forst'). [Strengthen with a new force or sup- 
port. See REENFORCE. [RE- and INFORCE.] 

REINFORCE (re-in-fors'), n. An additional 
thickness imparted to any portion of an ob- 
ject In order to strengthen it. See REENFORCE. 

REINFORCEMENT (re-in-fors'ment), n. 1. 
Act of reinforcing. 2. Additional force, as 
of troops, ships, etc. See REENFORCEMENT. 

REINLESS (ran'les), a. Without rein or re- 
straint. 

REINS (ranz), n. pi. 1. Kidneys. 2. Lower 
part of the back, over the kidneys. 3. (For- 
merly supposed) seat of the affections and 
impulses. [Fr. — L. renes.] 

REINS3IAN (ranz'man), n. [pi. REINSMEN 
(ranz'men).] One skilled in driving horses; 
a whip. 

REINSTATE (re-in-staf), vt. [pr.p. REIN- 
STATING; p.t. and p.p. REINSTA'TED.] 
Place in a former state. 

REINSTATEMENT (re-in-stat'ment), n. Act of 
reinstating or state of being reinstated. 

REINSURANCE (re-in-shor'ans), n. Second or 
repeated insurance against loss; reenforced 
insurance. 

REINSURE (re-in-shor')» vt. [pr.p. REINSUR'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REINSURED (re-in- 
shord').] Insure more than once. 

REINVEST (re-in-vest'), vt. [pr.p. REINVEST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REINVESTED.] Invest 
again or a second time. 

REINVIGORATE (re-in-vig'ur-at), vt. [pr.p. 
REINVIG'ORATING; p.t. and p.p. REIN- 
VIGOR ATED.j Invigorate again. 

REIS (ris), n. Leader; captain; chief. The word 
is used on the River Nile. [Ar. ras, head.] 

REISSUE (re-ish'6), v. [pr.p. REIS'SUING; 
p.t. and p.p. REISSUED (re-ish'od).] I. vt. 
Issue a second time. II. vi. Come forth 
again. 

REITERATE (re-lt'er-at), vt. [pr.p. REITER- 
ATING ; p.t . and p.p. REITERATED.] Repeat 
again; repeat again and again. 

REITERATION (re-it-er-a'shun), n. Act of 
reiterating or that which is reiterated. 

REITERATIVE (re-it'er-a-tiv), n. 1. Word or 
part of word reduplicated; as, tittle-tattle is 
a reiterative of tattle. 2. Gram. Word sig- 
nifying repeated or intense action. 

REJECT (re-jekf), vt. [pr.p. REJECTING; p.t. 
and p.p. REJECT'ED.] 1. Throw away or 
discard. 2. Refuse to receive; decline. 3. 
Refuse to grant; as, to reject a petition. [L. 
rejicio, rejectum — re-, back, and jacio, throw.] 

SYN. Dismiss ; repel ; repudiate ; cashier. 
ANT. Accept; receive; adopt. 

REJECTION (re-jek'shun), #». Act of rejecting 
or state of being rejected. 

REJOICE (re-jots'), v. [pr.p. REJOICING; p.t. 
and p.p. REJOICED (re-joist).] I. vi. Feel 
and express joy. II. vt. Make joyful; glad- 



den. [Fr. rejouir — re-, again, and jouir, en- 
joy.] 

SYN. Delight; exult; triumph; cheer; 
gratify; please. ANT. Afflict ; bewail ; grieve ; 
mourn; sorrow. 

REJOIN (re-join'), v. [pr.p. REJOIN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REJOINED (re-joind').] I. vt. Join 
again; unite (what is separated); meet again* 
II. vi. Answer to a reply. 

REJOINDER (re-join'der), n. 1. Answer to a 
reply. 2. Law. Defendant's answer to a 
plaintiff's "replication." 

REJUVENATE (re-jo've-nat), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
JUVENATING; p.t. and p.p. REJU'VE- 
NATED.] Make young again. 

REJUVENATION (re-jo-ve-na'shun), n. Re- 
newal of youth. 

REJUVENESCENCE (re-jo-ve-nes'ens), n. State 
of being or becoming young again. 

REJUVENESCENT (re-jo-ve-nes'ent), a. Grow- 
ing young again. 

REKINDLE (re-kin 'dl), v. [pr.p. REKIN'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. REKINDLED (re-kin'dld).] I. 
vt. Kindle again or anew. II. vi. Become 
influenced or roused anew. 

RELAPSE (re-laps'), vi. [pr.p. RELAPS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RELAPSED (re-lapst').] Return 
to a former state or practice. [L. relabor, 
relapsus — re-, back, and labor, slide.] 

RELAPSE (re-laps'), n. Falling back into a 
former bad state. 

RELATE (re-laf), v. [pr.p. RELA'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. RELA'TED.] I. vt. 1. Describe; 
tell. 2. Ally by connection or kindred. II. 
vi. Have reference; refer. [L. relatum, carried 
back.] 

RELATED (re-la'ted), a. 1. Connected by 
blood or alliance. 2. Standing in a certain 
connection or relation. 3. Narrated; told. 

RELATER (re-la'ter), n. One who relates; 
relator. 

RELATION (re-la'shun), n. 1. Act of relating 
or telling; recital. 2. That which is related. 
3. Mutual connection between two things; 
resemblance. 4. Connection by birth or 
marriage. 5. Reference. 

RELATIONAL (re-la'shun-al), a. Having re- 
lation ; having kindred. 

RELATIONSHIP (re-la'shun-ship), n. 1. Qual- 
ity or state of being related. 2. Tie of kin- 
dred or affinity. 

RELATIVE (rel'a-tiv), I. a. 1. Having relation ; 
respecting. 2. Not absolute or existing by 
itself; considered as belonging to something 
else. 3. Gram. Expressing relation; refer- 
ring to an antecedent. II. n. 1. One who 
or that which has relation to another. 2. 
Gram. Pronoun which relates to something 
before, called the antecedent. 

RELATIVELY (rel'a-tiv-li), adv. In a relative 
manner; comparatively. 

RELATIVENESS (rel'a-tiv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being relative. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb.=cft in Scotch loch. 



RELATIVITY 



919 



RELISH 



RELATIVITY (rel-a-tiv'i-ti), n. Same as REL^ 
ATIVENESS. 

RELATOR (re-la'tur), n. 1. One who relates or 
narrates; narrator; reciter. 2. Law. Private 
person for whom action is brought in the 
name of the state. [L. relatus, p.p. of refero, 
relate.] 

RELAX (re-laks'), v. [pr.p. RELAXING; p.t. 
and p.p. RELAXED (re-lakst').] I. vt. 1. 
Slacken. 2. Make less severe. 3. Relieve 
from attention or effort. 4. Divert. 5. 
Loosen, as the bowels. 6. Make languid. 
II. vi. Recome less close or severe. [L. 
relaxo — re-, again, and laxus, loose.] 

RELAXATION (re-laks-a'shun), n. Act of re- 
laxing or state of being relaxed. 

RELAXATIVE ( re-laks 'a-tiv), I. a. Laxative. 
II. n. Laxative medicine. 

RELAY (re-la') , n. 1. Supply of horses to re- 
lieve others on a journey. 2. Rody of men 
to take a turn at work; shift. 3. Anything 
kept on hand for relief or fresh supply at in- 
tervals. 4. Elec. Telegraphic receiver or re- 
peater for use when the current is not strong 
enough to operate the recording register. 
[Fr. relais. Doublet of RELEASE.] 

RELEASE (re-les'), vt. [pr.p. RELEASING; p.t. 
and p.p. RELEASED (re-lest').] Let loose; 
relieve; let go, as a claim. [O. Fr. relaisser.] 

SYN. Free; liberate; disengage; dis- 
charge; acquit; absolve; exempt; extricate; 
unbind. ANT. Shackle; confine; restrain. 

RELEASE ( re-les '), n. 1. Act of releasing or 
state of being released. 2. Law. Instrument 
in writing conveyiug right or title in lands or 
tenements; quitclaim. 

RELEGATE (rel'e-gat), vt. [pr.p. RELEGA- 
TING ; p.t. and p.p. RELEGATED.] Consign ; 
exile; remove (to a lower position). [L. 
relego, send away — re-, away, and lego, send.] 

RELEGATION (rel-e-ga'shun), n. Act of rel- 
egating; banishment; exile. 

RELENT (re-lent'), vi. [pr.p. RELENT'ING ; 
p.t. and p,p. RELENTED.] Soften; grow 
less severe; feel compassion. [Fr. ralenttr.] 

RELENTLESS (re-lent'les), a. Unmoved by 
pity; unrelenting; merciless. 

RELENTLESSLY (re-lent'les-li), adv. In a re- 
lentless manner; without pity. 

RELENTLESSNESS (re-lent'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being relentless. 

RELEVANCE (rel'e-vans), RELEVANCY (rel'- 
e-van-si), n. Pertinence; applicability; ob- 
vious relation. 

RELEVANT (rel'e-vant), a. Rearing upon, or 
applying to, the purpose; pertinent; related. 
[Fr.] 

RELIARILITY (re-li-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being reliable. 

RELIABLE (re-li'a-bl), a. That may be relied 
upon; trusty. [RELY and ABLE.] 

RELIARLENESS (re-li'a-bl-nes), n. Same as 
RELIABILITY. 



RELIARLY (re-li'a-bli), adv. In a reliable 
manner. 

RELIANCE (re-li'ans), n. 1. Trust; confidence. 
2. Ground for confidence. 

RELIANT (re-li'ant), a. Having trust; confi- 
dent. 

RELIC (rel'ik), n. 1. That which is left after 
loss or decay of the rest. 2. Corpse; in 
Roman Catholic Church, the body or other 
memorial of a saint. 3. Memorial. [Fr. 
relique — L. reliquice.] 

RELICT (rel'ikt), n. Widow. [L. relicta.] 

RELICTION (re-lik'shun), n. Land left dry 
by recession of the sea. 

RELIEF (re-lef), n. 1. Removal of evil. 2. 
Release from a post or duty. 3. That which 
relieves or mitigates; aid. 4. Sculpt, and 
Arch. Projection of a sculptured design or 
other figure from its ground. 5. Maps. Con- 
tour or other lines showing elevation of land 
surface. 6. Phys. Geog. Elevation of land 
surface. 

RELIEVE (re-lev'), vt. [pr.p. RELIEVING; p.t. 
and p.p. RELIEVED (re-levd').] 1. Free 
from that which weighs down or depresses. 
2. Lessen; ease. 3. Help. 4. Release. 5. 
Art. Set off by contrast. 6. Law. Redress; 
right. [Fr. relcver, raise again — L. relcvo.] 

RELIEVO (re-lya'vo), n. See RILIEVO, ALTO- 
RILIEVO, and BAS-RELIEF. 

RELIGHT (re-lit), v. [pr.p. RELIGHTING ; p.t. 
and p.p. RELIGHT'ED.] I. vt. Light anew. 
II. vi. Take fire again. 

RELIGIEUSE (re-le-zhi-uz'), n. Nun. [Fr.] 

RELIGIEUX (re-le-zhi-u'), n. [pi. RELIGIEUX'.] 
Monk. [Fr.] 

RELIGION (re-lij'un), n. 1. Recognition of and 
obedience to a Supreme Reing. 2. Healthy 
moral development on a spiritual basis. 3. 
System of faith in and worship of a god or 
gods. [L. religio — re-, again, and lego, gather.] 

RELIGIONIST (re-lij'un-ist), n. One attached 
to a religion; zealot. 

RELIGIOUS (re-lij'us), a. 1. Pertaining to re- 
ligion. 2. Concerned with or set apart to 
religion; pious; godly. 3. In Roman Catho- 
lic Church, bound to a monastic life. 4. 
Strict. [L. religiosus.] 

RELIGIOUSLY (re-lij'us-li), adv. 1. In a re- 
ligious or devout manner. 2. According to 
the rites of religion. 

RELINQUISH (re-ling'kwish), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
LINQUISHING; p.t. and p.p. RELINQUISHED 
(re-ling'kwisht).] Abandon; give up; renounce 
a claim to. [O. Fr. relinquir — L. relinquo.] 

RELINQUISHMENT (re-ling'kwish-ment), n. 
Act of relinquishing. 

RELIQUARY (rel'i-kwa-ri), n. Small chest or 
casket for holding relics. [Fr. reliquaire.} 

RELIQUE (re-lek), n. Relic. [Fr.] 

RELISH (rel'ish), v. [pr.p. REL'ISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. RELISHED (rel'isht).] I. vt. 1. 
Like the taste of. 2. Be pleased with. II. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, «Aen, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



- 



RELISH 



920 



REMISSNESS 



vi. Have an agreeable taste; give pleasure. 
[O. Fr. relecher, lick or taste again.] 

RELISH (rel'ish), n. 1. Agreeable peculiar taste 
or quality. 2. Enjoyable quality; power of 
pleasing. 3. Inclination or taste for; appe- 
tite. 4. Just enough to give a flavor. 5. 
Condiment; side dish to stimulate the appe- 
tite. 

SYN. Fondness; gusto; zest; appetite; 
predilection. ANT. Dislike; aversion; re- 
pugnance. 

RELUCTANCE (re-luk'tans), RELTTCTANCY 
(re-luk'tan-si), n. 1. Quality or state of being 
reluctant. 2. Physics. Capacity for resist- 
ing magnetic induction. [L. reluctans, reluc- 
tant, pr.p. of reluctor, struggle against — re-, 
against, and luctor, struggle.] 

RELUCTANT (re-luk'tant), a. 1. Struggling 
against; disinclined. 2. Done or granted 
with reluctance; as, reluctant obedience. 

RELY (re-llO, vi. [pr.p. RELY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RELIED (re-lid').] Have confidence; trust; 
followed by on or upon. [Fr. relier, bind — L. 
re-, back, and ligo, bind.] 

REMAIN (re-man), vi. [pr.p. REMAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMAINED (re-mand').] 1. 
Stay; be left behind; continue in the same 
place, form, or condition. 2. Be left after, 
or out of, a greater number. IL. remaneo.] 

SYN. Abide; endure; last; stay; tarry; 
wait; sojourn. ANT. Depart; migrate; go. 

REMAIN (re-man'), n. 1. That which remains 
or is left. 1. [pi.] Dead body; corpse. 2. [pi.] 
Posthumous literary works. 

REMAINDER (re-man'der), n. 1. That which 
remains, or is left behind, after the removal 
of a part. 2. Arith. Quantity left after sub- 
traction. 3. Law. Interest in an estate to 
come into effect after a certain other event 
happens. 

REMAND (re-mand'), vt. [pr.p. REMANDING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMAND'ED.] Send back; 
recommit. [L. remando — re-, back, and man- 
do, order.] 

REMARK (re-mark'), v. [pr.p. REMARKING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMARKED (re-markf) 1 I. vt. 

1. Mark or take notice of. 2. Express (what 
one thinks or sees). 3. Say. II. vi. Make 
observations or remarks; observe. [Fr. re- 
marquer, mark, note.] 

REMARK (re-mark'), n. 1. Act of remarking. 

2. Comment; observation. 
REMARKABLE (re-mark'a-bl), a. 1. Deserv- 
ing notice. 2. That may excite admiration 
or wonder. 

SYN. Marvelous; strange; striking; sig- 
nal ;amazing ; uncommon ; note worthy ; won- 
derful. ANT. Common; ordinary; usual. 

REMARKABLENESS (re-mark'a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being remarkable. 

REMARKABLY (re-mark'a-bli), adv. In a re- 
markable manner; so as to call for especial 
notice or remark. 



REMARRIAGE (re-mar'ij), n. Marriage again 
after first marriage. 

REMARRY (re-mar'i), v. pr.p. REMARRYING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMARRIED (re-mar'id).] I. vt. 
Take for husband or wife after a first marriage; 
unite in a marriage after the first. II. vi. En- 
ter more than once into the marriage state; 
take a husband or wife after the first. 

REMEDIABLE (re-me'di-a-bl), a. That may be 
remedied; curable. 

REMEDIAL (re-me'di-al), a. Tending to remedy 
or remove. 

REMEDILESS (rem'e-di-les or re-med'i-Ies), a. 
Without a remedy; incurable; irreparable. 

REMEDY (rem'e-di), n. [pi. REMEDIES (rem'- 
e-diz).] 1. Any medicine, appliance, or par- 
ticular treatment that cures disease. 2. That 
which counteracts any evil or repairs any 
loss. [L. remedium.] 

REMEDY (rem'e-di), vt. [pr.p. REMEDYING; 
p.U and p.p. REMEDIED (rem'e-did).] 1. 
Cure or heal. 2. Repair or redress. 3. 
Remove or correct. 

REMEMBER (re-mem'ber), vt. [pr.p. REMEM'- 
BERING; p.t. and p.p. REMEMBERED (re- 
mem'berd).] 1. Keep in mind; bear in mind 
with gratitude and reverence. 2. Attend to. 
[O. Fr. remembrer — L. L. rememoror, call to 
mind.] 

REMEMBRANCE (re-mem'brans), n. 1. Mem- 
ory. 2. That which serves to bring to, or 
keep in, mind; memorial. 3. Power of re- 
membering. 4. Length of time during which 
a thing can be remembered. [Fr.] 

REMEMBRANCER (re-mem'bran-ser), n. That 
which reminds ; recorder. 

REMIND (re-mindO, vt. [pr.p. REMINDING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMIND'ED.] Put in mind; 
cause to remember. 

REMINDER (re-mlnd'er), n. One who or that 
which reminds or calls to mind. 

REMINDFUL (re-mind'fol), a. 1. Tending or 
serving to remind. 2. Mindful. 

REMINISCENCE (rem-i-nis'ens), n. 1. Recol- 
lection. 2. Account of what is remembered. 
[L. reminiscentw, recollections.] 

REMINISCENT (rem-i-nis'ent), a. Calling to 
mind or dwelling on the past. 

REMIPED (rem'i-ped), a. Having oar-shaped 

feet. [L. remus, oar, and pes, foot.] 
REMISE (re-miz'), n. Law. A making over by 

deed; release, as of a claim; grant. 
REMISS (re-mis'), a. Not exact or diligent; 
inattentive. 

SYN. Dilatory; negligent; slack. ANT. 
Heedful; attentive. 
REMISSIBLE (re-mis'i-bl), a. That may be 

pardoned. 
REMISSION (re-mish'un), n. 1. Abatement, 
2. Relinquishment of a claim. 3. Pardon. 4. 
Remittance. 
REMISSNESS (re-mis'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being remiss. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



REMIT 



921 



RENCONTRE 



REMIT (re-mit'), v. [pr.p. REMITTING; p.t. 
and p.p. REMIT'ted.] I. vt. 1. Refrain 
from exacting. 2. Forgive; pardon; release 
from. 3. Transmit, as money, bills, etc., in 
payment for goods. 4. Make less tense; 
relax. 5. Put or place back. II. vi. Recome 
less severe; be moderated, as a fever. [L. re- 
mitto — re-, back, and mitto, send.] 

REMITTAL (re-mit'al), n. Remitting; sur- 
render. 

REMITTANCE (re-mit'ans), rc. 1. That which 
Is remitted; sum or thing sent. 2. Sending 
of money, etc. 

REMITTENT (re-mit' ent), a. Increasing and 
abating alternately, as a disease. 

REMITTER (re-mit'er), REMITTOR (re-mit'- 
ur), n. 1. One who remits. 2. Law. A 
sending or placing back of a person to a 
right or title he had before. 

REMNANT (rem'nant), n. Remainder; frag- 
ment. [O. Fr. remainant. See REMAIN.] 

REMODEL (re-mod'l), vt. [pr.p. REMOD'EL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REMODELED (re-mod'ld).] 
Model or fashion anew. 

REMONETIZE (re-mun'e-tiz), vt. [pr.p. RE- 
MON'ETIZING; p.t. and p.p. REMONETIZED 
(re-mun'e-tizd).] Restore to the condition 
of legal-tender money. [L. re-, again, and 
tnoneta, money.] 

REMONSTRANCE (re-mon'strans), n. Strong 
statement of reasons against an act; expostu- 
lation. 

REMONSTRANT (re-mon'strant), I. o. Inclined 
to remonstrate. II. n. One who remonstrates. 

REMONSTRATE (re-mon'strat), vi. [pr.p. RE- 
MONSTRATING; p.t. and p.p. REMON'- 
STRATED.] Set forth strong reasons against a 
measure. [L. re-, again, and monstro, point out.] 

REMONSTRATIVE (re-mon'stra-tiv), a. Ex- 
postulatory. 

REMONTANT (re-mon'tant), a. Rlooming a 
second time in the season, as a rose. 

REMORA (rem'o-ra), n. Fish which can ad- 
here to a ship or other fish by means of a 
sucking-disk on its head. [L. remora, delay.] 

REMORSE (re-mars'), n. 1. Gnawing pain or 
anguish of guilt. 2. Pity. [O. Fr. remors — 
L. remordeo, bite again.] 

SYN. Compunction; penitence; regret; 
sorrow. ANT. Complacency; inpenitence; 
obduracy. 

REMORSEFUL (re-mars'fol), a. Full of re- 
morse; touched with a sense of guilt. 

REMORSELESS (re-mars'les), a. Without re- 
morse; pitiless; implacable. 

REMORSELESSLY (re-mars'les-li), adv. With- 
out remorse or compunction. 

REMOTE (re-mot'), a. 1. Far; distant. 2. 
Primary, as a cause. 3. Not agreeing; not 
related. [O. Fr. remot, fern, remote — L. re- 
motus, p.p. of removeo, remove.] 

REMOTELY (re-mot'li), adv. In a remote man- 
ner. 



REMOTENESS (re-mot'nes), w. Quality or 
state of being remote. 

REMOUNT (re-mownt'), v. [pr.p. REMOTJNT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REMOUNT'ED.] I. vt. 1. 
Mount again; reascend. 2. Reset, as to re- 
mount a diamond. II. vi. 1. Mount again. 
2. Go back in time or researches. 

REMOUNT (re-mownt'), n. Fresh horse or 
supply of horses for remounting. 

REMOVARILITY (re-mov-a-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being removable. 

REMOVARLE (re-mo v'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being removed. 

REMOVAL ( re-mo v'al), n. Act of taking away; 
displacing; change of place. 

REMOVE (re-mo v'), v. [pr.p. REMOVING; 
p.t. and p.p. REMOVED (re-movd').] I. vt. 

I. Move from a place. 2. Dismiss from a 
post or office. 3. Take or do away with. 
4. Law. Transfer from one court to another. 

II. vi. Change place, especially of residence. 
[L. removeo — re-, again, and moveo, move.] 

REMOVE (re-mov'), n. 1. Indefinite distance; 
step In any scale of gradation. 2. Dish to 
be changed while the rest remain. 

REMOVED (re-movd'), a. Separated (noting a 
degree of distance in relationship, character, 
etc.). 

REMOVER (re-mov'er), n. One who or that 
which removes, effaces, obliterates or erad- 
icates; solvent. 

REMUNERATE (re-mu'ner-at), vt. [pr.p.RE- 
MU'NERATING; p.t. and p.p. REMUNER- 
ATED.] Render an equivalent to for a service ; 
recompense. [L. remuneratus, p.p. of remu- 
nero, reward — re-, again, and munero, give.] 

REMUNERATION (re-mu-ner-a'shun), n. 
Equivalent for a service; recompense; act of 
giving such equivalent or recompense. 

REMUNERATIVE (re-mu'ner-a-tiv), a. Paying; 
profitable. 

R/EMUS (re'mus), n. Rom. Legend. Twin-broth- 
er of Romulus, by whom he was slain. 

Renaissance (re-na-sangso, Renascence 

(re-nas'ens), I. n. 1. Transitional movement in 
Europe from the middle ages to the modern 
world, and especially to the time of the revival 
of letters and art in the 15th century. 2. [i>] 
New birth or production. II. a. Pertaining to 
the Renaissance; as, Renaissance architecture. 
[Fr. re-, again, and naissance, birth. See 
RENASCENCE.] 

RENAL (re'nal), a. Pertaining to the reins or 
kidneys. [L. renalis.] 

RENARD (ren'ard), n. Same as REYNARD. 

RENASCENCE (re-nas'ens), n. 1. Same as 
RENAISSANCE. [L. renascens, pr.p. of renas- 
cor, be born again-*-re-, again, and nascor, be 
born.] 

RENASCENT (re-nas'ent), a. Rising again into 
being. 

RENCONTRE (rang-kang'tr), n. Billiards. Kiss- 
shot in which the cue-ball drives the first 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



RENCOUNTER 



922 



REPAIR 



object-ball against the second and meets the 
latter on Its return from cushion. [Fr.] 

RENCOUNTER (ren-kown'ter), v. [pr.p. REN- 
COUN'TEREVG; p.t. and p.p. RENCOUN- 
TERED (ren-kown'terd).] I. vt. 1. Meet 
unexpectedly. 2. Meet in combat. II. vi. 1. 
Come in collision ; clash. 2. Meet an enemy 
unexpectedly. [Fr. rencontrer — re-, again, and 
encontrer, meet.] 

RENCOUNTER (ren-kown'ter), n. 1. Unex- 
pected meeting. 2. Sudden meeting; clash; 
collision. 3. Slight action or engagement. 

REND (rend), v. [pr.p. RENDING; p.t. and p.p. 
REND'ED.] I. vt. 1. Tear or burst asunder. 
2. Tear away. II. vi. Part asunder; split. 
[A. S. rendan, tear.] 

STN. Break; rive; sever; rupture. ANT. 
Mend; join; unite. 

RENDER (render), vt. [pr.p. REN'DERING; 
p.t. and p.p. RENDERED (ren'derd).] 1. 
Give up; return; surrender. 2. Give; furnish, 
as assistance. 3. Cause to be. 4. Translate 
into another language. 5. Interpret; repre- 
sent; perform. 6. Try out; clarify, as fat. 
[Fr. rendre — L. reddo.] 

RENDER (rend'er), n. One who rends or tears 
asunder. 

RENDEZVOUS (ren'de-vo; Fr. rang'de-vo), n. 
[pi. RENDEZVOUS.] 1. Appointed place of 
meeting. 2. Meeting by appointment. [Fr. 
rendez-vous, betake yourselves !] 

RENDIBLE (rend'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
rent, or yielded, or translated. 

RENDITION (ren-dish'un), n. 1. Act of render- 
ing or delivering, as of a discourse, sermon, 
oration, etc. 2. Act of surrender or evac- 
uation by an army or troops. 

RENEGADE (ren'e-gad), RENEGADO (ren-e- 
ga'do), n. One faithless to principle or party; 
apostate; deserter. [Sp. renegado — L. re-, 
again, and nego, deny.] 

RENEGE (re-neg), vi. [pr.p. RENEGING; 
p.t. and p.p. RENEGED (re-negd').] Same as 
RENIG. 

RENEW (re-nu'), v. [pr.p. RENEWING; p.U 
and p.p. RENEWED (re-nud').] I. vt. 1. 
Make new again; transform to new life; 
revive. 2. Begin again ; recommence. II. vi. 
1. Be made new. 2. Begin again. [RE- and 
NEW.] 

RENEWABLE (re-nu'a-bl), a. That may be 
renewed. 

RENEWAL (re-nu'al), n. Renovation; regen- 
eration; restoration. 

RENIFORM (ren'i-farm), a. Having the shape 
of the human kidney. [L. ren, kidney.] 

RENIG (re-nig'), vi. [pr.p. RENIG'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. RENIGGED (re-nigd).] Card- 
playing. Fail to follow suit, when one has a 
card of the suit that led. (Colloq.) [L. L. 
renego, deny again — re-, again, and nego, deny.] 

RENITENT (ren'i-tent), a. 1. Resisting pressure 
by elasticity. 2. Persistently opposing. [L. 



renitens, p.p. of renitor, withstand — r<?- 5 against, 
and nitor, strive.] 

RENNET (ren'et), n. Prepared inner membrane 
of a calf's stomach, used to curdle milk. [A. S. 
rennan, cause to run.] 

RENNET (ren'et), n. Sweet kind of apple. [Fr. 
reinette.] 

RENOUNCE (re-nowns'), v. [pr.p. RENOUN- 
CING;j>.f.and p.p. RENOUNCED (re-nownst).] 
I. vt. Disown; reject publicly; forsake, n. vi. 
Neglect to follow suit at cards. [L. renuntio 
— re-, away, and nuntio, announce.] 

STN. Abjure; recant; disavow; dis- 
card; disclaim; renig; revoke. ANT. De- 
fend; uphold; own. 

RENOUNCEMENT (re-nowns'ment), n. Act of 
renouncing. 

RENOUNCER (re-nown'ser), n. One who re- 
nounces. 

RENOVATE (ren'o-vat), vt. [pr.p. RENOVA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. RENOVATED.] Make 
new again; restore to the original state. [L. 
renovatus, p.p. of renovo, renew — re-, again, 
and novus t new.] 

RENOVATER (ren'o-va-ter), RENOVATOR 
(ren'o-va-tiir), n. One who or that which 
renovates; renewer. 

RENOVATION (ren-o-va'shun), n. Act or 
process of renovating or state of being reno- 
vated. 

RENOWN (re-nown'), n. Great name; celebrity; 
fame. [Fr. renommer, make known, boast.] 

RENOWNED (re-nownd'), a. Famous. 

SYN. Celebrated; noted; illustrious; dis- 
tinguished; famed; eminent ANT. Ob- 
scure; unknown; mean. 

RENT (rent), n. Fissure; break; tear. 

RENT (rent), n. Payment for use of property 
owned by another person, especially houses 
and lands. [Fr. rente — rendre, give back.] 

RENT (rent), v. [pr.p. RENT'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
RENT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Hold or occupy by 
paying rent. 2. Let for rent. II. vi. Be 
rented. 

RENT (rent), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of REND. 

RENTAL (rent'al), n. 1. Rent-roll. 2. Rent. 

RENT-ROLL (rent'rol), n. Schedule of rents. 

RENUNCIATION (re-nun-si-a'shun), n. Dis- 
owning; rejection; abandonment. [See RE- 
NOUNCE.] 

REORGANIZATION (re-ar-gan-i-za'shun), n. 
Act of organizing anew; state of being or- 
ganized anew; body organized anew. 

REORGANIZE (re-ar'gan-iz), v. [pr.p. REOR'- 
GANIZING; p.t. and p.p. REORGANIZED (re- 
ar'gan-izd).] I. vt. Organize anew. II. vi. 
Unite in renewed organization. 

REP (rep), n. Ribbed fabric. 

REPAIR (re-par'), vi. [pr.p. REPAIR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPAIRED (re-pard).] Betake 
one's self; go; resort. [Fr. repairer, haunt — 
L. repatrio, return to one's country.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






REPAIR 



923 



REPLENISHMENT 



REPAIR (re-par'), vt. [pr.p. REPAIRING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPAIRED (re-pard').] 1. Restore 
after injury. 2. Make amends for. [Fr. reparer 
— L. reparo — re-, again, and paro, prepare.] 

REPAIRABLE (re-par'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being repaired; reparable. 

REPAIRER (re-par'er), n. One who or that 
which repairs. 

REPARABLE (rep'a-ra-bl), a. Capable of being 
repaired. 

REPARATION (rep-a-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
making amends for a wrong or injury. 2. 
Indemnification; atonement; amends. 

REPARATIVE ( re-par 'a-tiv), I. a. Amending 
defect or injury. II. n. 1. That which re- 
stores to a good state. 2. That which makes 
amends. 

REPARTEE (rep-ar-te'), n. Smart, ready, and 
witty reply. [Fr. repartie.] 

REPAST (re-pasf), n. 1. Meal. 2. Food taken. 
[L. L. repastus — L. re-, again, and pastus, 
feeding.] 

REPAY (re-pa'), vt. {pr.p. REPAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. REPAID (re-pad').] Pay back; make 
return for; recompense. 

REPAYABLE (re-pa'a-bl), a. Liable or ar- 
ranged to be repaid. 

REPAYMENT (re-pa'ment), n. 1. Act of re- 
paying. 2. That which is repaid. 

REPEAL (re-pel'), vt. [pr.p. REPEAL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPEALED (re-peld').] Revoke by 
authority, as a law; abrogate. [Fr. rappeler 
— L. re-, back, and appello, call.] 

REPEAL (re-pel'), n. Act of repealing; revoca- 
tion; rescission. 

REPEALABLE (re-pel'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being repealed. 

REPEALER (re-pel'Sr), n. One who repeals or 
favors repeal. 

REPEAT (re-pet'), v. [pr.p. REPEAT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPEAT'ED.] I. vt. Do again or 
speak again; iterate; quote from memory; 
rehearse. II. vi. 1. Strike the hours of a 
watch. 2. Recur. [Fr. repeter — L. re-, again, 
and peto, seek.] 

REPEAT ( re-pet'), n. Music. Sign that a move- 
ment or part of a movement is to be twice 
performed. 

REPEATEDLY (re-pet'ed-li), adv. Many times 
repeated; again and again. 

REPEATER (re-pet'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which repeats. 2. Watch that strikes again 
the previous hour at the touch of a spring. 3. 
Repeating firearm. 4. One who votes more 
than once in an election. 

REPEL (re-pel '), v. [pr.p. REPEL'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPELLED (re-peld').] I. vt. 1. 
Drive back; repulse. 2. Oppose; resist. II. 
vi. Oppose force to force. [L. repello, drive 
back — re-, back, and petto, drive.] 

REPELLENT (re-pel'ent), I. a. 1. Able or 
tending to repel. 2. Repulsive ; disagreeable. 
II. n. That which repels. 



REPELLER (re-pel'er), n. One who or that 
which repels. 

REPENT ( re-pent'), v. [pr.p. REPENT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPENT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Feel 
contrition or remorse for. 2. Be sorry for; 
regret. H. vi. Feel or manifest repentance. 
[Fr. repentir— L. re-, again, and pwnitio, 
repent.] 

REPENTANCE (re-pent'ans), w. Act of re- 
penting or state of being penitent; penitence; 
contrition. 

REPENTANT (re-pent'ant), a. Feeling or mani- 
festing repentance; contrite; penitent. 

REPEOPLE (re-pe'pl), vt. [pr.p. REPEO'- 
PLING; p.t. and p.p. REPEOPLED (re-pe'- 
pld).] Restock with inhabitants; people 
anew. 

REPERCUSSION (re-per-kush'un), n. 1. Re- 
verberation. 2. Music. Frequent repetition 
of the same sound. [L. repercussio — repercutio 
— re-,again, and percutio, strike — per, through, 
and quatio, shake.] 

REPERTOIRE (rep-er-twar'), n. Schedule of 
plays or pieces ready for performance. [Fr.] 

REPERTORY (rep'er-to-ri), n. Repository; 
storeroom; repertoire. [L. repertorium — re- 
perio, find again.] 

REPETEND (rep'e-tend), n. That part of a re- 
peating decimal which recurs continually, as 
743 in 1.743743.... 

REPETITION (rep-e-tish'un), n. 1. Act of re- 
peating. 2. Recital from memory. 

REPETITIOUS (rep-e-tlsh'us), a. Containing 
repetition; repeating. 

REPINE (re-pin'), vi. [pr.p. REPI'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPINED (re-pind').] Fret one's 
self; feel discontent; murmur. 

REPINER (re-pi'ner), n. One who repines. 

REPININGLY (re-pi 'ning-li), adv. In a repining 
manner. 

REPLACE (re-plas'), vt. [pr.p. REPLA'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPLACED (re-plast').] 1. Put 
again in a former place or condition. 2. 
Repay; provide a substitute for. 3. Take 
the place of. 

REPLACEABLE (re-plas'a-bl), 
being replaced. 

REPLACEMENT ( re-plas 'ment) , 
n. Act of replacing or state 
of being replaced. 

REPLENISH (re-plen'ish), vt. 
[pr.p. REPLENISHING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPLENISHED (re- 
plen'isht).] 1. Fill again. 2. 
Fill completely. [O. Fr. re- 
plenir.) 

REPLENISHER (re-plen'ish- 
er), n. 1. That which replen- 
ishes. 2. Elec. Static influence 
machine for charging quad- 
rants of quadrant electrometer. 

REPLENISHMENT (re-plen'ish-ment), n. Act 
of replenishing or state of being replenished. 



Capable ol 




Replenishes 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ii. 



REPLETE 



924 



REPRIEVE 



REPLETE (re-plef), a. Completely filled. [L. 
repletus.] 

REPLETION (re-ple'shun), n. 1. Excessive 
fullness; satiety. 2. Plethora. 

REPLEVIABLE (re-plev'i-a-bl), a. Capable of 
being replevied. 

REPLEVIN (re-plev'in), n. Form of action for 
the recovery of the possession of specific per- 
sonal property. [O. Fr. replevir, pledge.] 

REPLEVY (re-plev'i), vt. [pr.p. REPLEVYING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPLEVIED (re-plev'id).l Take 
back or recover by an action of replevin, as 
where goods have been wrongfully seized or 
detained. [O. Fr. replevir — re-, back, and 
plevir, pledge.] 

REPLICA (rep'11-ka), n. Copy of a picture by 
the painter of the original. [It. — L. replico, 
fold.l 

REPLICATION (rep-li-ka'shun), n. Law. Plain- 
tiff's reply to the defendant's plea or answer. 

REPLY (re-pli'), v. [pr.p. REPLYING; p.t. and 
p.p. REPLIED (re-plid').] I. vt. Return as 
an answer. II. vi. 1. Make a reply or re- 
sponse, in words or writing; answer; rejoin; 
respond. 2. Answer by deeds. 3. Law. 
File a replication. [Fr. replier — L. replico — 
re-, again and plico, fold.] 

REPLY (re-pi!'), n. [pi. REPLIES (re-pliz').] 1. 
That which is said or written in answer. 2. 
An answer by deeds. 3. Law. Replication. 

SYN. Response; repartee; retort; re- 
joinder. 

REPORT (re-porf), v. [pr.p. REPORT'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPORT'ED.] I. vU 1. Bring back, 
as an answer or account; give an account of; 
relate; circulate publicly. 2. Write down 
or take notes of, especially for a newspaper. 
II. vi. 1. Make a statement. 2. Present one's 
self, as ready for duty, etc. 3. Write an 
account of occurrences. [L. reporto — re-, 
back, and porto, carry.] 

REPORT (re-porf), n. 1. That which is re- 
ported; official statement of facts, written or 
verbal. 2. Common rumor. 3. Statement of 
a judicial opinion or decision. 4. Explo- 
sive sound. 

REPORTER (re-porf er), n. One who reports, as 
for a law court or a newspaper. 

REPOSAL (re-po'zal), n. Act of reposing, as of 
confidence. 

REPOSE (re-poz'), v. [pr.p. REPO'SING; p.t. 
and p.p. REPOSED (re-pozd').] I. vt. 1. 
Lay at rest; compose. 2. Place in trust 
(with on or in). II. vi. 1. Lie; rest; sleep. 
2. Rest in confidence (with on or upon). [Fr. 
reposer.] 

REPOSE (re-poz'), n. 1. Act or state of re- 
posing. 2, Composure. 

REPOSIT (re-poz'it), vt. [pr.p. REPOS ITING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPOS'ITED.] Lodge, as for 
safety. 

REPOSITORY (re-poz'i-to-ri), n. Place for safe- 
keeping. 



REPOSSESS (re-poz-zes'), vt. [pr.p. REPOS- 
SESS 'ING; p.t. and p.p. REPOSSESSED (re- 
poz-zesf).] Possess again. 

REPREHEND (rep-re-hend'), vt. [pr.p. REP- 
REHENDING; p.t. and p.p. REPREHEND'- 
ED.] Blame; reprove. [L. re-, again, and pre- 
hendo, lay hold of.] 

REPREHENSIBLE (rep-re-hen'si-bl), a. De- 
serving of reprehension or censure. 

REPREHENSIBLY (rep-re-hen'si-bli), adv. In 
a reprehensible manner. 

REPREHENSION (rep-re-hen 'shun), n. Re- 
proof; censure. 

REPREHENSIVE (rep-re-hen'siv), a. Con- 
taining censure; given in reproof. 

REPRESENT (re-pre-zenf ), vt. [pr.p. REPRE- 
SENT ING; p.t. and p.p. REPRESENTED.] 
Present again. 

REPRESENT (rep-re-zenf ), vt. [pr.p. REPRE- 
SENT ING; p.t. and p.p. REPRESENTED.] 

1. Exhibit the image of; serve as a sign of. 

2. Personate or act the part of; stand in the 
place of. 3. Bring before the mind; de- 
scribe. [L. reprcesento, exhibit — re-, again, and 
prcesento, place before.] 

REPRESENTABLE (rep-re-zenf a-bl), a. That 
may be represented. 

REPRESENTATION (rep-re-zen-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Representing or being represented. 2. That 
which represents; image; statement; dra- 
matic performance. 3. Part performed by a 
representative. 4. Body of representatives. 

REPRESENTATIVE (rep-re-zenf a-tiv), I. a. 
1. Representing; showing a likeness. 2. 
Bearing the character or power of others; 
typical. 3. Done by deputies, or acting on 
behalf of the people. II. n. 1. One who 
stands for another; deputy; delegate; agent; 
substitute. 2. Member of lower house of 
Congress or of a State legislature. [Fr. repre- 
sentatif.] 

REPRESS (re-pres'), vt. [pr.p. REPRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPRESSED (re-prest').] 1. 
Put down; subdue; crush. 2. Keep under 
restraint; restrain. [L. repressus, p.p. of 
reprimo — re-, back, and premo, press.] 

REPRESSIBLE (re-pres'i-bl), a. Capable of 
being repressed. 

REPRESSION (re-presh'un), n. 1. Act of re- 
pressing or state of being repressed. 2. 
That which represses ; restraint. 

REPRESSIVE (re-pres'iv), a. Tending or serv- 
ing to repress. 

REPRESSIVELY ( re-pres 'iv-li), adv. In a re- 
pressive manner. 

REPRIEVE (re-prev), vt. [pr.p. REPRIEVING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPRIEVED (re-prevd').] Delay 
the execution of (a criminal) ; give a respite to.. 
[O. Fr. reprover — L. reprobo, reject. See RE- 
PROVE.] 

REPRIEVE (re-prev')j n. 1. Suspension of a 
criminal sentence. 2. Interval of ease or 
relief; respite. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te not;, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. * 



REPRIMAND 



925 



REPUTABLENESS 






REPRIMAND (rep'ri-mand), vt. [pr.p. REP'RI- 
MANDING; p.t. and p.p. REPRIMANDED.] 
Reprove severely. [Fr. reprimander — L. re- 
primo, repress.] 

SYN. Chide; censure; rebuke. ANT. 
Praise; command. 

REPRIMAND (rep'ri-mand), n. Severe reproof; 
rebuke. 

REPRINT (re-print'), vt. [pr.p. REPRINT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPRINT'ED.] 1. Print again. 
2. Print a new impression of. 

REPRINT (re'print), n. Reproduction in print 
of any kind of printed matter; second or new 
edition or impression of a printed book; 
specifically, a copy or reproduction of a book 
previously printed in another country; as, an 
American reprint of an English novel. 

REPRISAL (re-pri'zal), n. 1. Seizure of goods 
from an enemy by way of retaliation. 2. 
Any seizure by way of retaliation; any act of 
severity done in retaliation. [Fr. represaille 
— L. reprehendo, seize again.] 

REPROACH (re-proch'),«*. [pr.p. REPROACH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REPROACHED (re-procht').] 
1. Censure in opprobrious terms. 2. Find 
fault with. [Fr. reprocher.] 

REPROACH (re-proch'), n. 1. Act of reproach- 
ing. 2. Reproof mingled with contempt; 
blame in opprobrious language. 3. Disgrace. 
4. Object of scorn. 

SYN. Censure; contumely; disgrace; dis- 
credit; odium; condemnation. ANT. Ap- 
proval; commendation; praise. 

REPROACHABLE (re-proch'a-bl), a. Deserv- 
ing of reproach. 

REPROACHFUL, (re-proch'fol), a. Containing 
or expressing reproach. 

REPROACHFULLY (re-proch'fol-i), adv. In 
a reproachful manner. 

REPROBATE (rep'ro-bat), vt. [pr.p. REP- 
ROBATING; p.t. and p.p. REPROBATED.] 
1. Condemn strongly. 2. Abandon to a 
hopeless doom. [L. reprobatus, p.p. of re- 
probo, reprove.] 

REPROBATE (rep'ro-bat), I. a. Condemned; 
given over to sin; depraved; vile. II. n. 
Abandoned or profligate person. 

REPRODUCE (re-pro-dus'), vt. [pr.p. REPRO- 
DUCING; p.t. and p.p. REPRODUCED (re- 
pro-dust').] Produce again; copy; give rise to 
offspring, as a plant or animal. 

REPRODUCTION (re-pro-duk'shun),w. 1. Act of 
reproducing. 2. That which is reproduced. 

REPRODUCTIVE (re-pro-duk'tiv), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to reproduction. 2. Tending or 
having the power to reproduce. 

REPROOF (re-prof), n. Rebuke; censure. 

REPROVABLE (re-prov'a-bl), a. Blamable ; 
reprehensible. 

REPROVE (re-prov), vt. [pr.p. REPROVING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPROVED (re-pro vd').] Chide; 
censure. [Fr. reprouver — L. reprobo.] 
SYN. Blame; admonish; rebuke; repri- 



mand; upbraid; reproach. ANT. Praise; 
approve; commend. 

REPTILE (rep'til), I. a. Moving on the belly or 
with very short legs; groveling; low. II. n. 1. 
Animal that crawls on its belly or with short 
legs, as a snake, lizard, or crocodile; one of 
the Ttepiilia. 2. Groveling, low person. [L. 
reptilis — repo, creep.] 

REPTILIA ( rep-til i-a), n.pl. Zool. Division of 
vertebrates enbracing lizards, serpents, croco- 
diles, and other creeping animals. [L. L. — 
L. reptilis, creeping.] 

REPUBLIC (re-pub'lik), n. 1. Commonwealth. 
2. Form of government without a monarch, 
in which the supreme power is vested in rep- 
resentatives elected by the people. [Fr. re- 
publique — L. res publica, common weal.] 

REPUBLICAN (re-pub'lik-an), I. a. Belonging 
to a republic; agreeable to the principles of a 
republic. II. n. 1. One who advocates a re- 
publican form of government. 2. [R-] Mem- 
ber of one of the two great American political 
parties. 

REPUBLICANISM (re-pub'lik-an-izm), n. 1. 
Republican form of government. 2. At- 
tachment to a republican form of government. 

REPUDIATE (re-pu'di-at), vt. [pr.p. REPU- 
DIATING; p.t. and p.p. REPU'DIATED.] 
1. Reject; disclaim; disfavor. 2 Specifically, 
deny and refuse to pay (a just debt). [L. repu- 
dio — re-, again, and pudeo, be ashamed.] 

REPUDIATION (re-pu-di-a'shun), n. Act of 
repudiating or state of being repudiated. 

REPUDIATOR (re-pu'di-a-tur), n. One who 
repudiates. 

REPUGNANCE (re-pug'nans), n. Aversion; 
reluctance. 

REPUGNANT (re-pug'nant), a. Hostile; ad- 
verse; distasteful; offensive. [L. repugno — 
re-, against, and pugno, fight.] 

REPUGNANTLY (re-pug'nant-li), adv. In a 
repugnant manner. 

REPULSE (re-puls'), vt. [pr.p. REPULS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REPULSED (re-pulst').] Drive 
back; repel; beat off. [L. repulsus, p.p. of 
repello, drive back.] 

REPULSE (re-puls'), n. 1. Act of repulsing or 
state of being repulsed. 2. Refusal; denial; 
rejection. 

REPULSION (re-pul'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
pulsing or state of being repelled. 2. Re- 
pugnance; disgust. 3. Power by which 
bodies repel each other. 

REPULSIVE (re-pul'siv), a. Repelling; dis- 
gusting; forbidding. 

REPULSIVELY (re-pul'siv-li), adv. In a re- 
pulsive manner; so as to repel. 

REPULSIVENESS (re-pul'siv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being repulsive. 

REPUTABLE (rep'u-ta-bl), a. In good repute 
or esteem; honorable. 

REPUTABLE!!* ESS (rep'u-ta-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being reputable. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



REPUTABLY 



936 



RESERVEDLY 



REPUTABLY (rep'u-ta-bli), adv. In a reputa- 
ble manner. 

REPUTATION (rep-u-ta'shun), n. Estimation; 
character as established in public opinion; 
credit; fame. [See REPUTE.] 

REPUTE (re-put'), vt. [pr.p. REPU'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. KEPU'TED.] Hold in general opin- 
ion; account; deem; consider; estimate. [Er. 
reputer — L. reputo, think over.] 

REPUTE (re-put'), n. Estimate; established 
opinion; character. 

REPUTED (re-pu'ted), a. Generally considered; 
supposed; accounted. 

REPUTEDLY (re-pu'ted-li), adv. In common 
repute or estimation. 

REQUEST (re-kwesf), vt. [pr.p. REQUEST- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REQUEST'ED.] 1. Ask 
for; solicit. 2. Address a request to. [O. 
Fr. requester — L. requisitus, p.p. of requiro — 
re-, again, and quwro, seek.] 

REQUEST (re-kwesf), n. 1. Petition; prayer. 
2. Desire; demand. 3. That which is re- 
quested. 4. State of being desired. 

REQUIEM (re'kwi-em), n. 1. Hymn or mass 
sung for the repose of the dead. 2. Musical 
composition in honor of the dead [L„ accus. 
of requies, from the L. words Requiem ceter- 
nam dona eis, Domine, "Give eternal rest to 
them, O Lord."] 

REQUIRE (re-kwir'), vt. [pr.p. REQUIR'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REQUIRED (re-kwird').] 1. 
Ask; demand. 2. Need; exact. 3. Direct. 
[L. requiro.] 

REQUIREMENT (re-kwir ment), n. 1. Act of 
requiring. 2. That which is required; claim; 
demand. 

REQUISITE (rek'wi-zit), I. a. Needful; indis- 
pensable. II. n. That which is required. 

REQUISITION (rek-wi-zish'un), n. 1. Act of 
requiring; application; demand. 2. Written 
request or invitation. 3. Demand made by 
authority. [L. requisitio.] 

REQUITAL (re-kwital), n. Act of requiting; 
payment in return ; recompense. 

REQUITE (re-kwit), vt. [pr.p. REQUI'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. REQUI'TED.] Give back so as 
to be quits; repay. [From QUIT.] 

SYN. Recompense; reward; compen- 
sate; pay. ANT. Forget; neglect; slight. 

REREDOS (rer'dos), n. Wall of a church or 
ornamental screen behind the altar. [Fr. 
arriere, behind, and dos, back.] 

RESCIND (re-sind), vt. [pr.p. RESCINDING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESCIND 'ED.] Cut off; annul; 
repeal. [L. re-, again, and scinfflo, cut.J 

RESCISSION (re-sizh'un), w. Act of rescinding. 

RESCRIPT (re'skript), n. Official answer of a 
pope or an emperor to a legal question; edict; 
decree. [L. rescriptum — rescribo, write back.] 

RESCUE (res'ku), vt. [pr.p. RES'CUING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESCUED ( res'kud) .] Free from dan- 
ger or violence; deliver. [O.Fr. rescourre — L. 
re-y against, esc-, out, and quatio, shake.] 



RESCUE (res'ku), n. 1. Act of rescuing. 2. 
Law. Forcible taking of a person or thing 
out of legal custody. 

RESCUE-GRASS (res'ku-gras), n. Species of 
South American grass (Bromus unioloides), 
introduced as a forage-grass in the southern 
United States. 

RESCUER (res'ku-er), n. One who rescues. 

RESCUSSOR (res-kus'ur) n. Rescuer; one 
who commits an unlawful rescue. 

RESEARCH (re-serch'), n. 1. Careful- search; 
scrutiny. 2. Deep learning. [O.Fr. recercfee,dill- 
gent search — recercher, search diligently — re-, 
again, and cercher, search. See SEARCH.] 

RESEDA (re-se'da), n. Gray-green color like 
that of mignonette blossoms. [L.] 

RESEMBLANCE (re-zem'blans), n. 1. Simili- 
tude; likeness; similarity. 2. That which is 
similar. 

RESEMBLE (re-zem'bl), vt. [pr.p. RESEM'- 
BLING; p.t. and p.p. RESEMBLED (re-zein'- 
bld).] Be similar to; have the likeness of. 
[Fr. ressembler — re-, again, and sembler, seem 
— L. similo, imitate — similis, like.] 

RESENT (re-zeuf), vt. [pr.p. RESENT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESENT'ED.] Display resent- 
ment at, as an affront; take or consider as an 
insult. [O. Fr. resenter — re-, again, and sen- 
Hr, feel.] 

RESENTER (re-zen'ter), n. One who resents. 

RESENTFUL (re-zent'fol), a. Full of resent- 
ment; inclined or apt to resent. 

RESENTFULLY (re-zent'fol-i), adv. In a re- 
sentful manner. 

RESENTMENT (re-zent'ment), n. Deep sense 
of injury, accompanied with anger. 

RESERVATION (rez-er-va'shun), n. 1. Act of 
reserving or keeping back. 2. Something 
withheld. 3. Clause, proviso, or limitation 
by which something is reserved. 4. Public 
land reserved in the U. S. for certain purposes. 

RESERVE (re-zerv'), vt. [pr.p. RESERV- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RESERVED (re-zervd').] 

1. Keep back for future use; keep in store. 

2. Except. 3. Retain; as, to reserve one's 
right to dramatize a story. [L. reservo — re-, 
back, and servo, keep.] 

RESERVE (re-zerv'), n. 1. That which is kept 
for future use. 2. Part of an army or a fleet 
reserved to assist in case of need. 3. That 
which is kept back in the mind; mental con- 
cealment. 4. Absence of freedom in words 
or actions; caution. 

SYN. Store; stock; reservation; con- 
straint ; caution ; shyness ; coyness ; reticence ; 
taciturnity. ANT. Presumption; pertness; 
forwardness. 

RESERVED (re-zervd'), a. 1. Characterized 
by reserve; not free or frank in words or be- 
havior; shy; cold. 2. Kept back or retained; 
as, reserved seats. 

RESERVEDLY (re-zerv'ed-li), adv. In a re- 
served manner; cautiously; coldly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



RESERVOIR 



927 



RESISTLESS 



RESERVOIR (rez'er-vwar), n. 1. Place where 
anything is reserved or kept in store. 2. 
Place where water is collected and stored for 
use. [Fr.l 





Residence of George Washington at 
Mount Vernon. 



Vento Reservoir, Havana. 

RESET ( re-set'), vt. [pr.p. RESET'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESET'.] Set again or anew. 

RESIDE (re-zid'), vi. [pr.p. RESIDING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESl'DED.] Dwell permanently; 
abide; inhere. [L. re-, again, and sedeo, 
sit.] 

RESIDENCE (rez'i-dens), n. 1. Act of dwelling 
in a place. 
2. Place 
where one 
resides. 3. 
Dwelling 
house. 

RESIDENCY 
(rez'i-den- 
si), n. 1. 
Residence. 
2. Official 
dwelling of a government officer in India. 

RESIDENT (rez'i-dent), I. a. Dwelling in a 
place. II. n. 1. One who resides. 2. Pub- 
lic minister at a foreign court. 

RESIDENTIAL (rez-i-den'shal), a. Pertaining 
to or containing a residence or residences. 

RESIDENTIARY (rez-i-den'shi-a-ri), I. a. Hav- 
ing residence. II. n. Resident. 

RESIDUAL ( re-zid 'u-al), a. Remaining as 
residue. 

RESIDUARY (re-zid'u-a-ri), a. 1. Pertaining 
to the residue. 2. Receiving the remainder; 
as, residuary legatee. 

RESIDUE (rez'i-du), n. That which is left be- 
hind after a part is taken away; remainder. 
[L. residuum — resideo, remain behind.] 

RESIDUUM (re-zid'u-um), n. Residue; that 
which is left after process of purification ; that 
which remains. [L.] 

RESIGN (re-zin'), v. [pr.p. RESIGN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESIGNED (re-zind').] I. vt. 1. 
Give up; relinquish; surrender; as, the colonel 
resigned his commission. 2. Yield up to an- 
other; as, to resign a claim. 3. Commit in 
confidence or trust; submit. II. vi. Give 
up a commission, office, charge, post, or duty. 



[L. resigno — re-, back, and signum, seal, 
sign.] 

RESIGNATION (rez-ig-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
resigning or giving up. 2. Formal document 
declaring such act. 3. State of being re- 
signed or quietly submissive; acquiescence; 
patience. 

RESIGNED (re-zind'), a. Submissive, espe- 
cially to God's will. 

RESILIENCE (re-zil'i-ens), w. Quality or state 
of being resilient. 

RESILIENT (re-zil'i-ent), a. Springing back; 
rebounding. [L. resiliens, p.p. of resilio, 
leap back.] 

RESIN (rez'in), n. Inflammable substance, 
which exudes from trees. [Fr. resine — L. 
resina.] 

RESINATE (rez'in-at), n. Any salt obtained 
from turpentine. 

RESINITE (rez'in-it), n. Compound formed by 
the admixture of phenol and formaldehyde 
combined with certain metallic salts, used as a 
substitute for celluloid. 

RESINOUS (rez'in-us), a. Pertaining to or 
resembling resin. 

RESIST (re-zlsf), v. [pr.p. RESIST'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESIST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Withstand. 
2. Counteract. 3. Oppose; obstruct. 4. 
Baffle. II. vi. Offer resistance. [L. resisto 
— re-, back, and sisto, make to stand — sto, 
stand.] 

RESISTANCE (re-zist'ans), n. Act of resisting; 
opposition. 

RESISTANCE-BOX (re-zist'ans-boks), n. Elec. 
Series of coils of insulated wire of different 
lengths systematically arranged in a box and 
having plugs and switches placed so as to 
furnish different degrees of resistance in an 
electric current. Used principally to detect 
breaks, faults or irregularities in a current of 
electricity. 

RESISTANCE-COIL (re-zist'ans-koil), n. Elec. 
Insulated wire wound in a coil and so ad- 
justed as to furnish a certain amount of re- 
sistance to a steady electric current, whereby 
the entire unknown resistance may be ascer- 
tained and verified. 

RESISTANCE-FRAME (re-zist'ans-fram), n. 
Elec. Open frame set with exposed resistance 
coils of wire of silver, German silver, alumi- 
num or copper and used as a resistance for 
dynamos or other electricity-generating ap- 
paratus. 

RESISTANT (re-zist'ant), a. Making or offering 
resistance. 

RESISTIBLE (re-zist'i-bl), a. Capable of being 
resisted. 

RESISTIBLENESS (re-zist'i-bl-nes), RESISTI- 
BILITY (re-zist-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being resistible. 

RESISTIBLY (re-zist'i-bli), adv. So as to be 
resisted. 

RESISTLESS (re-zist'les), a. Irresistible. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



RESOLUBLE 



928 



RESPIRATOR 



RESOLUBLE (re-sol'u-bl), a. Capable of being 
melted or dissolved. [Fr.] 

RESOLUTE (rez'o-lot), a. Constant in pursuing 
a purpose; characterized by determination. 
[L. resolutus, p.p. of resolvo, resolve.] 

SYN. Determined; steadfast; persever- 
ing; unfaltering. ANT. Irresolute; unde- 
cided; wavering. 

RESOLUTION (rez-o-16'shun), n. 1. Act of 
resolving; analysis; solution. 2. State of 
being resolved. 3. Fixed determination; 
steadiness. 4. That which is resolved; for- 
mal proposal in a public assembly. 

RESOLVABLE (re-zolv'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being analyzed, solved, or resolved into simpler 
elements. 

RESOLVE (re-zolveO, v. [pr.p. RESOLVING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESOLVED (re-zolvd').] I. vt. 1. 
Separate into parts; analyze. 2. Free from 
doubt or difficulty; explain. 3. Decide. 4. 
Fix by resolution or formal declaration. 5. 
Math. Solve. 6. Med. Disperse, as a tumor. 
II. vi. 1. Determine in mind. 2. Be con- 
vinced. 3. Become dissolved. [L. resolvo — 
re-, again, and solvo, loosen.] 

RESOLVE (re-zolv')> n. 1. Anything resolved or 
determined. 2. Resoluteness. 3. Resolu- 
tion adopted by a legislative or deliberative 
body. 

RESONANCE (rez'o-nans), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being resonant. 2. Elec. Setting up of elec- 
tric osclllationsin open-circuited conductorby 
action of oscillations in a near-by conductor. 

RESONANT (rez'o-nant), a. Returning sound; 
resounding. [L. resonans, pr.p. of resono, 
resound.] 

RESONATE (rez'o-nat), vi. [pr.p. EES'ONA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. RESONATED.] 1. Be 
resonant or resounding. 2. Elec. Respond 
to electric oscillations of a given frequency. 

RESONATOR (rez'o-na-tur), n. 1. That which 
resonates or resounds. 2. Elec. Open-circuited 
conductor of dimensions so regulated that 
sympathetic electromagnetic waves pass 
through it at the same rate as in a neighboring 
circuit giving off electromagnetic radiations. 




Resonator. 

W. Spark gap. S. Finger-screw, regulating width of spark gap. 
T. T. Sheets of tinfoil, regulating electrostatic capacity. 

RESORT (re-zart')» vi. [pr.p. RESORTING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESORT'ED.] 1. Go; betake one's 
self. 2. Have recourse; apply. [O. Fr. resortir 
— L. re-, again, and sortior, obtain by lot.] 

RESORT (re-zarf), n. 1. Act of resorting. 2. 



Place much frequented; haunt. 3. Re- 
source. 

RESOUND (re-zownd'), v. [pr.p. RESOUND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RESOUNDED.] I. vt. 1. 
Echo ; reecho, especially in a ringing manner. 
2. Celebrate with sound. II. vi. 1. Sound 
loudly. 2. Reverberate. 3. Be noised about 
or celebrated. [L. resono — re-, again, and 
sono, sound.] 

RESOURCE (re-sors'), n. 1. Source of help; 
expedient. 2. [pi.] Means of raising money; 
means of any kind. [Fr. ressource — L. resur- 
go, rise again.] 

RESOURCEFUL (re-sors'fol), a. Fertile in 
resources; able to think of expedients. 

RESPECT (re-spekf), vt. [pr. RESPECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESPECT'ED.] 1. View or re- 
gard with esteem. 2. Have reference or 
regard to; relate to. [L. respectus, p.p. of 
respicio, look back upon — re-, back, and 
specio, look.] 

RESPECT (re-spekt')» n. 1. Feeling of esteem; 
regard; expression of esteem. 2. Deport- 
ment arising from esteem. 3. Relation; ref- 
erence. 

RESPECTABILITY (re-spekt-a-bil'i-ti),n. Qual- 
ity or state of being respectable. 

RESPECTABLE (re-spekt'a-bl), a. 1. Worthy 
of respect or regard; not mean or despicable. 
2. Moderate in excellence or number. 

RESPECTABLY (re-spekt'a-bli), adv. 1. In a 
respectable manner; so as to deserve respect. 
2. Decently; properly. 3. Moderately well; 
fairly. 

RESPECTFUL (re-spekt'fol), a. Full of respect; 
marked by civility. 

SYN. Dutiful; deferential; polite; deco- 
rous. ANT. Disrespectful; discourteous; 
impolite. 

RESPECTFULLY (re-spekt'fol-i), adv. In a 
respectful manner. 

RESPECTING (re-spekt'ing), prep. With regard 
to; considering; concerning. 

RESPECTIVE (re-spektiv), a. 1. Having ref- 
erence to; relative. 2. Relating to a partic- 
ular person or thing; particular. 

RESPECTIVELY (re-spekt'iv-li), adv. As re- 
lating to each. 

RESPELL (re-spel')> vt. [pr.p. RESPELL'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESPELLED (re-speld').] Spell 
again, especially in a different manner; as, 
to phonetically respell, in order to indicate 
pronunciation. 

RESPIRABIL1TY (re-spir-a-bil'i-ti), n. Prop- 
erty of being breathable. 

RESPIRABLE (re-spir'a-bl), a. Fit for respira- 
,tion; breathable. 

RESPIRATION (res-pi -ra'shun), n. Function or 
act of breathing; a breath indrawn and exhaled. 

RESPIRATOR (respi-ra-tur), n. Network of 
fine wire for breathing through; used by 
firemen, cutlers, grinders, etc., to protect 
the lungs against smoke, metallic dust, etc. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, btiru, 
ii=u in Scotch gu.de; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



RESPIRATORY 



929 



RESTORE 



RESPIRATORY (re-spir'a-to-ri), a. 
to, or serving for, respiration. 



Pertaining 




Respiratory Organs. 

RESPIRE (re-spir'), v. [pr.p. RESPIR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. RESPIRED (re-spird').] I. vi. Take 
air into and exhale it from the lungs ; breathe. 
II. vt. Inhale and exhale, as air or gas. [L. 
respiro, breathe — re-, again, and spiro, blow.] 

RESPITE (res 'pit), n. 1. Temporary cessation; 
pause ; interval of rest. 2. Law. Temporary 
suspension of the execution of a criminal. 
[O. Fr. respit — L. respectus y p.p. of respicio, 
look back upon.] 

RESPITE (res'pit), vt. [pr.p. RES'PITING; p.t. 
and p.p. RES'PITED.] 1. Relieve by a tem- 
porary cessation. 2. Law. Postpone the ex- 
ecution of a sentence or penalty upon; reprieve. 

RESPLENDENCE (re-splen'dens), RESPLEN- 
DENCY (re-splen'den-si), n. Quality or state 
of being resplendent. 

RESPLENDENT (re-splen'dent), a. Very splen- 
did; very bright. [L. resplendens, pr.p. of re- 
splendeo, shine again.] 

RESPLENDENTLY (re-splen'dent-li), adv. In a 
resplendent manner. 

RESPOND (re-spond'), vi. [pr.p. RESPOND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RESPONDED.] 1. An- 
swer; reply. 2. Correspond; suit. [L. re- 
spondeo — re-, back, and spondeo, promise.] 

RESPONDENT (re-spond'ent), I. a. Answering; 
corresponding to expectation. II. n. One 
who answers, especially in a lawsuit; one who 
refutes objections. 

RESPONSE (re-spons')» n. Reply; answer. 
[See RESPOND.] 

RESPONSIBILITY (re-spon-si-bil'i-ti), n. 1. 
State of being responsible. 2. That which one 
is responsible for. 

RESPONSIBLE (re-spon'si-bl), a. 1. Liable to 
be called to account; answerable. 2. Capable 
of discharging duty. 

RESPONSIBLY (re-spon'si-bli), adv. In a re- 
sponsible manner. 

RESPONSIVE (re-spon'siv), a. 1. Inclined to 
respond. 2. Answering. 3. Correspondent. 

RESPONSIVELY (re-spon'siv-li), adv. In a re- 
sponsive manner. 

RESPONSIVENESS (re-spon'siv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being responsive. 

RESPONSORY (re-spon'so-ri,) I. a. Answer- 



ing; responsive. II. n. Answer of the people 
to the priest in alternate speaking in the 
church service; response. 

REST (rest), n. 1. Cessation from motion, 
labor, or disturbance ; peace ; quiet. 2. Sleep; 
death. 3. Place of rest; that on which any- 
thing rests. 4. Music. Interval of silence; 
mark indicating an interval of silence. [A.S.] 

REST (rest), v. [pr.p. REST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Give rest or repose to. 
2. Place, lay, or set for support; lean. II. vi. 

I. Take rest; cease from labor or exertion. 2. 
Be still. 3. Abide; remain. 4. Lean; de- 
pend. 5. Be dead. 6. Be in a certain state 
or condition. [A. S. restart — rest, rest.] 

SYN. Pause; stop; lean; lie; stand; stay; 
abide; recline; repose. ANT. Labor; toil; 
wake. 

REST (rest), n. That which remains after the 
separation of a part; remainder; others. [Fr. 
reste — L. resto, remain.] 

REST (rest), vi. [pr.p. REST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
REST'ED.] Continue to be; remain. [L. resto, 
remain.] 

RESTAURANT (res 'to -rant), n. Eating house. 
[Fr., from restaurer, restore.] 

REST CURE (rest kur). 1. Use of rest, quiet, mas- 
sage, etc., in treatment of threatened or actual 
nervous prostration. 2. Place where such 
treatment may be obtained, as certain sani- 
tariums. 

RESTFUL (rest'fol), a. Giving rest or repose. 

RESTITUTION (res-ti-tu'shun), n. Restoring 
what was lost or taken away; amends. [L. 
restitutus, p.p. of restituo, set up again.] 

RESTIVE (rest'iv), a. 1. Unwilling to go for- 
ward; obstinate; refractory. 2. Restless. 
[O. Fr. restif.] 

RESTIVELY (rest'iv-ll), adv. In a restive man- 
ner. 

RESTIVENESS (rest'iv-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being restive. 

RESTLESS (rest'les), a. 1. In continual motion; 
uneasy. 2. Passed in unquietness. 3. Seek- 
ing change or action; unsettled; turbulent. 
[From REST, cessation from motion.] 

RESTLESSLY (rest'les-li), adv. In a restless 
manner. 

RESTLESSNESS (rest'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being restless. 

RESTORATION (res-to-ra'shun), n. 1. Re- 
storing; replacement; recovery; revival; rep- 
aration. 2. That which is restored. 

RESTORATIVE (re-stor'a-tiv), I. a. Tending 
to restore, especially to strength and vigor. 

II. n. Medicine that restores. 
RESTORATIVELY (re-stor'a-tiv-li), adv. In a 

restorative manner. 
RESTORE (re-stor'), vt. [pr.p. RESTOR'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. RESTORED (re-stord').] Store 

again ; as, to restore goods. [RE- and STORE 1 
RESTORE (re-stor'), vt. [pr.p. RESTOR'ING? 

p.t. and p.p. RESTORED (re-stord).] Repair; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, ^t ^oy Q ,wolt ; mute, hut, burn, 
" U=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotcn loch. 



RESTRAIN 



930 



RETICENCE 



replace; return; bring back to a former 

state ; revive ; cure. [Fr. restaurer — L. restauro.] 

RESTRAIN (re-stran'), vt. [pr.p. RESTRAIN'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. RESTRAINED (re-strand').] 

1. Hold back; check; hinder. 2. Limit. [O. 
Fr. restraindre — L. re-, back, and stringo, 
bind.] 

RESTRAINT (re-strant'), n. 1. Act of restrain- 
ing. 2. State of being restrained. 3. That 
which restrains. 

RESTRICT(re-strikt'), vt. [pr.p. RESTRICTING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESTRICT'ED.] Keep within 
limits; restrain; confine; limit. [From root 
of RESTRAIN.] 

RESTRICTION (re-strik'shun), w. 1. Act of 
restriction or state of being restricted. 2. 
That which restricts or limits. 

RESTRICTIVE (re-strikt'iv), a. Imposing re- 
straint; restraining; limiting. 

RESULT (re-zult'), vi. [pr.p. RESULTING; 
p.t. and p.p. RESULT'ED.] 1. Follow as a 
result or consequence: ensue. 2. Have an 
Issue; terminate; followed by in; as, to result 
in good or evil. [Fr. resulter — L. resvlto, 
rebound.] 

RESULT (re-zulf), n. 1. That which results. 

2. Decree of a deliberative assembly. 
SYN. Consequence; outcome; issue; 

event; effect. ANT. Cause; origin; source. 

RESULTANT (re-zult'ant), I. a. Resulting 
from combination. II. n. Physics. Force 
compounded of two or more forces. 

RESUMABLE (re-zu'ma-bl), a. Liable to be 
taken back again or taken up again. 

RESUME (ra-zo-ma')» n. Recapitulation. [Fr.] 

RESUME (re-zum'), vt. [pr.p. RES U MING ; p.t. 
and p.p. RESUMED (re-zumd').] 1. Take 
back. 2. Take up again. 3. Begin again 
after interruption. [L. resumo.] 

RESUMPTION (re-zump'shun), n. Act of re- 
suming, taking up again, or taking back. 

RESURGENT (re-sur'jent), a. Rising again, or 
from the dead. [L. resurgens, p.p. of re- 
surgo, rise again — re-, again, and surgo, rise.] 

RESURRECT (rez-ur-rekf), vt. [pr.p. RESUR- 
RECT'ING; p.t. and p.p. RESURRECTED.] 1. 
Raise from the dead. 2. Bring again into 
public view or notice. (Colloq.) [Formed from 
RESURRECTION.] 

RESURRECTION (rez-ur-rek'shun), n. 1. Ri- 
sing again from the dead. 2. Life hereaf- 
ter. 3. Exhumation of a body from the grave. 
[Fr. — L. resurgo. See RESURGENT.] 

RESUSCITATE (re-sus'i-tat), v. [pr.p. RESUS'- 
CITATING; p.t. and p.p. RESUSCITATED.] I. 
vt. Restore vitality to; revivify; revive. II. 
vi. Come to life again; become revived. [L. 
resuscito.] 

RESUSCITATION (re-sus-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
resuscitating or state of being resuscitated. 

RESUSCITATIVE (re-sus'i-ta-tiv), a. Tending 
to resuscitate; reviving; revivifying. 

RETAIL (re-tal'), vt. [pr.p. RETAILING; p.t. 



and p.p. RETAILED (re-tald').] 1. Sell In 
small parts; deal out in small portions. 2. 
Sell in broken parts, or at second-hand. [Fr. 
retainer, cut again.] 

RETAIL (re'tal), I. n. Sale of goods in small 
quantities; opposed to WHOLESALE. II. a. 
Of or pertaining to the sale of goods in small 
quantities; concerned in retailing goods; as, 
a retail store or shop. 

RETAILER (re-tal'er), n. One who retails; on© 
who sells goods by small quantities. 

RETAIN (re-tan'), vt. [pr.p. RETAIN'ING; p.t, 
and p.p. RETAINED (re-tand').] 1. Keep In 
possession; continue to hold; detain. 2. 
Employ by a fee paid. [Fr. retenir — L. re- 
tineo — re-, back, and teneo, hold.] 

RETAINABLE ( re-tan 'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being retained. 

RETAINER (re-tan'er), n. 1. One who retains. 
2. One who is retained or kept in service; 
dependent. 3. Fee paid to a lawyer to defend 
a cause. 

RETAKE (re-takO, vt. [pr.p. RETA'KING; p.f. 
RETOOK (re-tok'); p.p. RETAKEN (re-ta'- 
kn).] 1. Take back; recapture. 2. Take a 
second time, as to retake one's photograph. 

RETALIATE ( re-tal 1-at), v. [pr.p. RETALIA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. RETALIATED.] I. vt. 
Requite or repay in kind, especially an in- 
jury for an injury. II. vi. Return like for 
like; requite. [L. retalio, requite.] 

RETALIATION (re-tal-i-a'shun), n. Act of 
retaliating; reprisal; requital; revenge. 

RETALIATIVF (re-tal'i-a-tiv), RETALIATORY 
(re-tal'i-a-to-ri), a. Tending to retaliate; 
returning like for like. 

RETARD (re-tard'), vt. [pr.p. RETARD'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETARD'ED.] 1. Cause to 
move more slowly; keep back; hinder; im- 
pede. 2. Delay or postpone. [L. retardo— 
re-, again, and tardo, make slow — tardus, 
slow.] 

RETARD (re-tard'), n. Retardation. — Betard 
of the tide, interval between the transit of the 
moon at which a tide originates, and the 
appearance of the tide itself. 

RETARDATION (re-tar-da'shun), n. Act of 
retarding or state of being retarded. 

RETCH (rech), vi. [pr.p. RETCHING; p.U and 
p.p. RETCHED (recht).] Try to vomit; 
strain. [A. S. hrwcan, hawk, spit.] 

RETE (re'te), n. Net; network of nerves or blood 
vessels; layer of the skin. [L., net.] 

RETENTION (re-ten'shun), n. Act or power of 
retaining. 

RETENTIVE (re-ten'tiv), a. Having power to 
retain. 

RETENTIVELT (re-ten'tiv-li), adv. In a re- 
tentive manner. 

RETENTIVENESS (re-ten'tiv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being retentive. 

RETICENCE (ret'i-sens), n. Quality or state of 
being reticent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hnt, bum, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ' 



RETICENT 



931 



RETRIEVE 







RETICENT (ret'i-sent), a. Concealing by si- 
lence; reserved in speech. [L. reticens, pr.p. 
of reticeo, be silent again — re-, again, and 
taceo, be silent.] 

RETICULAR (re-tik'u-lar), a. Having the 
form of network; formed with interstices. 

RETICULATE (re-tik'u-lat), RETICULATED 
(re-tik'u-la-ted), a. Netted; having the form 
or structure of a net; having veins crossing 
like network. [L. reticulatus — reticulum, lit- ' 
tie net.] 

RETICULATION (re-tik-u-la/shun), n. 1. State 
of being reticulate. 2. That which is retic- 
ulated. 

RETICULE (ret'i-kul), RETICLE (ret'i-kl), n. 
Little network bag; lady's workbag. [L. 
reticulum, dim. of rete, net.] 

RETIFORM (re'ti-farm), a. Having the form or 
structure of a net. 

RETINA (ret'i-na), n. In- 
nermost coating of the 
back part of the eye, con- 

• sisting of a fine network y 
of optic nerves. [L. rete, 
net.] 

RETINAL (ret'i-nal), a. Of 

• or pertaining to the retina. 
RETINUE (ret'i-nu), n. Body 

of retainers who follow a 
person of rank; suite. 
[From root of RETAIN, 
hire.] 
RETIRE (re-tir')» v. [pr.p. 

RETIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. RETIRED (re-tird').] 

I. vi. Retreat ; recede ; draw back ; go to bed. 

II. vt. 1. Withdraw; pay and withdraw, as a 
bond. 2. Cause to retire. [Fr. retirer.] 

RETIREMENT (re-tir'ment), n. 1. With- 
drawal. 2. Solitude; privacy. 

RETIRING (re-tiring), a. 1. Modest. 2. Per- 
taining to one who retires, as from office. 

RETORT (re-tart), v. [pr.p. RETORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. EETORT'ED.] I. vt. Throw 
back; return. II. vi. Make a sharp reply. 
[L. retortum, p.p. of retorqueo, twist back.] 

RETORT (re-tarf), n. 1. Ready and sharp 
reply; witty answer. 2. Vessel used in 
distillation, properly a spiral tube. 

RETOUCH (re-tuch'), vt. [pr.p. RETOUCHING ; 
p.t. and p.p. RETOUCHED (re-tucht').] Add 
new touches to; improve by new touches, as 
a picture. 

RETOUCH (re-tuch'), n. 1. Reapplication of 
the artist's hand to a work. 2. Finish and 
correction. 

RETRACE (re-tras'), vt. [pr.p. RETRACING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETRACED (re-trast').] 1. 
Trace back; go back over the course of. 2. 
Renew the outline of. 

RETRACT (re-trakt), v. [pr.p. RETRACTING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETRACTED.] I. vt. 1. Take 
back or recall, as something said; withdraw; 
disavow. 2. Draw back or in ; as, a cat re- 



Retina. 



1. Arteria centralis retinae. 

2. Retina. 3. Choroid. 4. 
Sclerotic. 5. Upper tem- 
poral branch arteria cen- 
tralis retinae. 



tracts its claws. II. vi. 1. Take back an 
assertion. 2. Shrink away; recede. [L. 
retracto, freq. of retraho, draw back.] 

SYN. Disclaim; forswear; disown; re- 
pudiate; recant. ANT. Acknowledge; main- 
tain; uphold. 

RETRACTABLE (re-trakt'a-bl), RETRACTI- 
BLE (re-trakt'i-bl), a. Capable of being re- 
tracted. 

RETRACTILE (re-trakt'il), a. Capable of being 
readily drawn back or in; retractable. 

RETRACTION (re-trak'shun), n. Act of re- 
tracting. 

RETRACTIVE (re-trakt'iv), a. Tending to re- 
tract; retracting. 

RETRACTOR (re-trakt'ur), n. One who or 
that which retracts. 

RETREAD (re-tred'), vt. [pr.p. RETREAD'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETREAD 'ED.] Fit or furnish 
with a new tire, as an automobile or other 
similar vehicle. 

RETREAT ( re-tret'), n. 1. Drawing back or 
retracing one's steps. 2. Retirement; place 
of privacy. 3. Refuge; place of safety. 4. 
Act of retiring in order from the enemy, or 
from an advanced position. 5. Signal for 
retiring from an engagement or to quarters. 
[O. Fr. retret (Fr. retraite) — -L. retractus, p.p. 
of retraho, draw back.] 

RETREAT (re-tref), vi. [pr.p. RETREATING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETREAT ED.] 1. Retire from 
a position or place especially from before an 
enemy. 2. Recede. 3. Go into retirement. 

RETRENCH (re-trench'), v. [pr.p. RETRENCH- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. RETRENCHED (re- 
trencht').] I. vt. Effect a saving of; cut 
down; curtail. II. vi. Economize. [O. Fr. 
retrancher — re-, back, and trancher, cut.] 

RETRENCHMENT (re-trench 'ment), n. 1. Act 
of retrenching. 2. Fort. Interior rampart 
or defensible line to which a garrison may 
retreat to prolong a defense. 

RETRIBUTION (ret-ri-bu'shun), n. Repay- 
ment, especially of loss, evil or suffering, re- 
garded as punishment for immoral conduct; 
suitable return; reward or punishment. [L. 
retributus, p.p. of retribuo, give back — re-, 
back, and tribuo, give.] 

RETRIBUTIVE (re-trib'u-tiv), RETRIBUTO- 
RY (re-trib'u-to-ri), a. Repaying; rewarding 
or punishing suitably. 

RETRIEVABLE (re-trev'a-bl), a. That may be 
recovered. 

RETRIEVABLY (re-trev'a-bli), adv. In a re- 
trievable manner. 

RETRIEVAL (re-trev'al), n. Act of retrieving. 

RETRIEVE (re-trev'), v. [pr.p. RETRIEVING; 
p.t. and p.p. RETRD3VED (re-trevd').] I. vt. 
1. Recover; restore. 2. Make amends for. 
3. Bring back; recall. 4. Find and bring 
back, said of dogs; as, to retrieve game. II. 
vi. Act as a retriever. [Fr. retrouver, find 
again.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, won; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



RETRIEVER 



REVERE 



RETRIEVER (re-trev'er), n. Kind of dog 
trained to find and fetch game that has been 
shot. 

RETRO-, prefix. Back; backward. [L.] 

RETROACTIVE (re-tro-akt'iv), a. Acting back- 
ward or in opposition. 

RETROCEDE (re-tro-sed') 9 v. [pr.p. RETRO- 
CEDING; p.t. and p.p. RETROCE'DED.] I. vt. 
Cede back again. II. vi. Withdraw or retire 
from a position or stand once taken. [Fr. 
retroceder — L. retrocedo — retro, back, and ce- 
do, go.] 

RETROCESSION (re-tro-sesh'un), n. Act of 
retroceding, going back, or receding, 

RETROGRADATION (ret-ro-gra-da'shun), n. 
Act or state of retrograding. 

RETROGRADE (ret'ro-grad or re'tro-grad), vi. 
[pr.p. RETROGRADING ; p.t. and p.p. RET'- 
ROGRADED.] Go or move backward; de- 
cline. [L. retrogradior — relro, back, and gra- 
dior, step.] 

RETROGRADE (ret'ro-grad or re'tro-grad), a. 1. 
Going backward. 2. Going from west to east. 
3. Falling from better to worse. 

RETROGRESSION (re-tro-gresh'un), n. Going 
backward; decline in quality or merit. [L. 
retrogressus, p.p. of retrogradior, retrograde.] 

RETROSPECT (ret'ro-spekt), v. [pr.p. RET'RO- 
SPECTING; p.t. and p.p. RET'ROSPECTED.] 

1. vt. Consider the past of. II. vi. Look 
back; consider the past. [L. retrospectus, p.p. 
of retrospicio, look backward — retro, back- 
ward, and specio, look.] 

RETROSPECT (ret'ro-spekt), n. A looking 
back on things past; review of the past. 

RETROSPECTION (ret-ro-spek'shun), n. Act 
or faculty of looking back on things past. 

RETROSPECTIVE (ret-ro-spekt'iv), a. 1. Of 
or pertaining to the past. 2. Law. Retro- 
active. 

RETROVERSION (re-tro-ver'shun), n. Turning 
backward; displacement backward, as of the 
uterus. 

RETURN (re-turn'), v. [pr.p. RETURNING; p.t. 
and p.p. RETURNED (re-turnd').] I. vi. 1. 
Come back to the same place or state. 2. 
Answer; retort. II. vt. 1. Bring or send 
back. 2. Give back; repay; give back in 
reply. 3. Report; give an account of. [Fr. 
retourner — re-, back, and tourner, turn.] 

RETURN (re-turn'), n. 1. Act of going back. 

2. Revolution; periodic renewal. 3. Act of 
bringing or sending back. 4. Restitution; 
repayment. 5. Profit on capital or labor. 6. 
Reply. 7. Report or account, especially offi- 
cial. 

RETURNABLE (re-turn'a-bl), a. 1. That may 
be returned or restored. 2. Law. To be re- 
turned or rendered. 

REUNION (re-un'yun), n. 1. Union after 
separation. 2. Assembly. [Fr. reunion.] 

REUNITE (re-u-nlf), v. [pr.p. REUNI'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. REUNITED.] I. vt. 1. Unite 



again. 2. Reconcile. II. vi. Become uni- 
ted again. 

R/EVAL (rev'al), n. Seaport, Russia, on Gulf of 
Finland. 

REVAMP (re-vamp'), vt. [pr.p. REVAMPING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVAMPED (re-vampd').] Patch 
up; give a false appearance of newness to; 
rehabilitate. 

REVEAL (re-vel'), vt. [pr.p. REVEAL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVEALED (re-veld').] Make 
known; disclose; divulge. [L. revelo, unveil.] 

SYN. Discover; expose; uncover; show; 
tell; unveil; manifest. ANT. Hide; con- 
ceal ; secrete. 

REVEILLE (rev-e-Ie' or ra-val'ye), n. Sound 
of the drum or bugle at daybreak to awaken 
soldiers. [Imperative of Fr. reveiller, awake 
— L. vigilo, wake. Root of VIGIL.] 

REVEL (rev'el), vi, [pr.p. REVELING; p.t, 
and p.p. REVELED (rev'eld).] Feast in a riot- 
ous or noisy manner; carouse. [O. Fr. re- 
veler — L. rebello, rebel.] 

REVEL (rev'el), n. 1. Feast with noisy jollity^ 
carouse. 2. Jollification; revelry. 

REVELATION (rev-e-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
making known. 2. That which is revealed. 
3. Christian Theol. That which is revealed by 
God to man; the Bible. 4. [R-] The Apocalypse 
or last book of the New Testament. [See RE- 
VEAL.] 

REVELER (rev'el-er), n. One who takes part 
in revels. 

REVELRY (rev'el-ri), n. [pi. REVELRIES (rev'el- 
riz).] Riotous or noisy festivity. 

REVENGE (re-venj'), vt. [pr.p. REVEN'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVENGED (re-venjd').] Take 
or exact vengeance for; avenge. [O. Fr. 
revenger — re-, again, and venger, take ven- 
geance.] 

REVENGE (re-venj'), n. Act or desire of injur- 
ing in return for injury. 

REVENGEFUL (re-venj 'fol), a. Full of a desire 
to inflict injury in return; vindictive. 

REVENGEFULLY ( re-venj fol-i), adv. In a 
revengeful manner. 

REVENGEFULNESS ( re-venj 'fol-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being revengeful. 

REVENUE (rev'e-nu), n. 1. Receipts or rents 
from any source; income. 2. Income of a 
state. [Fr. revenu — revenir, return.] 

REVERBERATE (re-ver'ber-at), v. [pr.p. RE- 
VER'BERATING; p.t. and p.p. REVER- 
BERATED -] I. vt. 1. Send back, as sound; 
echo; reflect. 2. Drive from side to side, as 
flame. II. vi. Echo; resound; bound back; 
be repelled. [L. reverberatus — reverbero, beat 
back.] 

REVERBERATION (re-ver-ber-a'shun), n. 1. 
Act of reverberating. 2. That which is re- 
verberated. 

REVERE (re-ver'), vt. [pr.p. REVER'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVERED (re-verd').] Regard with 
respectful awe; venerate. [L. revereor.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



REVERENCE 



REVIVER 



REVERENCE (rev'er-ens), n. 1. Respectful 
awe; veneration. 2. Act of revering or 
obeisance; bow or courtesy. 3. Title of the 
clergy. [O. Fr. — L. revereor, revere.] 

REVERENCE (rev'er-ens), vt. [pr.p. REVER- 
ENCING; p.t. and p.p. REVERENCED (rev'- 
er-enst).] Regard or treat with reverence; 
venerate; revere. 

REVEREND (rev'er-end), a. 1. Worthy of 
reverence. 2. [R-] Title of the clergy. [L. 
reverendus. See REVERE.] 

REVERENT (rev'er-ent), a. Showing reverence; 
submissive ; humble. 

REVERENTIAL (rev-er-en'shal), a. Proceed- 
ing from reverence; respectful. 

REVERENTIALLY (rev-er-en'shal-i), adv. In 
a reverential manner. 

REVERENTLY (rev'er-ent-li), adv. In a rev- 
erent manner; with reverence. 

REVERIE, RE VERY (rev'er-i), n. [pi. REV- 
ERIES (re v'er-iz).] Irregular train of thoughts 
in meditation; day-dream. [Fr. rever, dream.] 

REVERSAL (re-vers'al), n. Act of reversing; 
overthrowing; annulling. 

REVERSE (re-vers'), I. a. Turned backward; 
contrary; having an opposite direction. II. n. 
1. That which is reversed; opposite. 2. Back, 
especially of a coin. 3. Change; misfortune, 
[L. reversus, p.p. of reverto, turn back.] 

REVERSE (re-vers), v. [pr.p. REVERSING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVERSED (re-verst').] I. vt. 

I. Turn or point in an opposite direction. 2. 
Turn upside down; invert. 3. Revoke. 4. 
Put each in the place of the other; transpose. 

II. vi. Change back; revert. 
REVERSIBLE (re-vers'i-bl), a. That may be 

reversed; finished on both sides. 

REVERSION (re-ver'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
verting or returning. 2. That which reverts 
or returns. 3. Return of future possession 
of any property after some particular event; 
right to future possession. 4. Atavism. [L. 
reversio.] 

REVERSIONARY (re-ver'shun-a-ri), a. Re- 
lating to a reversion; to be enjoyed in suc- 
cession. 

REVERT (re-vert'), v. [pr.p. REVERT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVERT'ED.] I. vt. Turn or 
drive back; reverse. II. vi. 1. Return; fall 
back. 2. Return to the original owner or 
his heir. [L. reverto.] 

REVERTIBLE (re-vert'i-bl), a. That may re- 
vert or be reverted. 

REVERY. Same as REVERIE. 

REVEST (re-vesf), v. [pr.p. REVEST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVEST'ED.] I. vi. Return to a 
former owner. II. vt. 1. Reclothe. 2. In- 
vest; re-invest. 3. Take possession of again. 

REVIEW (re-vu')» n. 1. A viewing again; re- 
consideration. 2. Examination of a cause 
in a higher court, which has already been ad- 
judicated in a lower. 3. Careful or critical 
examination. 4. Critique. 5. Periodical 



with critiques of books, etc. 6. Inspection 
of a body of troops or a number of ships. 
[Fr. revue, p.p. of revoir — L. re-, again, and 
video, see.] 

REVIEW (re-vu'), v. [pr.p. REVIEWING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVIEWED (re-vud').] I. vt. 1. 
Look back on. 2. Look carefully all over. 
3. Revise. 4. Write a review of. 5. In- 
spect. 6. Retrace. 7. Law. Reconsider; 
reverse. 8. Go over again; as, to review 
one's studies. II. vi. Write a review or re- 
views; be a reviewer. 

REVIEWABLE (re-vu'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being reviewed; fit to be reviewed. 

REVIEWER (re-vu'er), n. 1. One who writes 
reviews. 2. Examiner or inspector. 

REVILE (re-vil'), vt. [pr.p. REVILING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVILED (re-vild').] Address with 
opprobrious language; vilify. [RE- and root 
of VILE.] 

REVILER (re-vi'ler), n. One who reviles. 

REVISABLE (re-vi'za-bl), a. Capable of being 
revised. 

REVISAL (re-vl'zal), n. Act of revision; a re- 
vision. 

REVISE (re-viz'), vt. [pr.p. REVISING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVISED (re-vizd').] Review and 
amend; read and correct, as a second proof. 
[Fr. reviser — L. re-, back, and viso, look at 
attentively.] 

REVISE (re-viz'), n. 1. Act of revising. 2. A 
revision. 3. Print, Second proof. 

REVISER (re-vi'zer), n. One who revises. 

REVISION (re-vizh'un), n. 1. Act of revising. 
2. That which has been revised; revised ver- 
sion. 3. Review. 

REVISORY (re-vi'zo-ri), a. Having the power 
to revise; revising. 

REVITALIZE (re-vi'tal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. REVI'- 
TALIZING; p.t. and p.p. REVITALIZED (re- 
vi'tal-izd).] Restore vitality to; revive. 

REVIVAL (re-vi'val), n. 1. Recovery from 
languor, neglect, depression, etc. 2. Renewed 
' performance, as of a play. 3. Renewed in- 
terest in or attention to. 4. Time of religious 
awakening. 

REVIVALISM (re-vi'val-izm), n. Spirit pre- 
vailing during a religious revival. 

REVIVALIST (re-vi'val-ist), n. One who pro- 
motes religious revivals. 

REVIVE (re-v r v), v. [pr.p. REVI'VING; p.t. and 
p.p. REVIVED (re-vivd).] I. vi. 1. Return to 
life, vigor, or fame. 2. Recover from neglect, 
oblivion, or depression. II. vt. 1. Restore to 
life again. 2. Reawaken in the mind. 3. Re- 
cover from neglect or depression. 4. Bring 
again into public notice, as a play. [L. re-, 
again, and vivo, live.] 

SYN. Resuscitate; reanimate; invigor- 
ate; quicken; renovate; renew; refresh. 
ANT. Decline; relapse; depress. 

REVIVER (re-vi'ver), n. One who or that which 
revives. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



REVIVIFICATION 



934 



RHENISH PROVINCE 



REVIVIFICATION (re-viv-1-fl-ka'shun), n. Act 
of restoring to life, or state of being revivified. 

REVIVIFY (re-viv'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. REVIVIFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. REVIVIFIED (re-viv'i-fid).] 
Restore to life; revive. 

REVIVOR (re-vi'vur), n. Law. Proceeding to 
revive a suit which has been abated. 

REVOCABILITY (rev-o-ka-bil'i-ti), REVOCA- 
BLENESS (rev'o-ka-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being revocable. 

REVOCABLE (rev'o-ka-bl), a. That may be 
revoked. 

REVOCABLY (rev'o-ka-bll), adv. So as to ad- 
mit of revocation. 

REVOCATION (rev-o-ka'shun), n. Act of re- 
voking or state of being revoked. 

REVOKE (re-vok'), v. [pr.p REVO'KING; p.t. 
and p.p. REVOKED (re-vokt').] I. vt. Annul 
by recalling; repeal; reverse. II vi. Neg- 
lect to follow suit (at cards) ; renig. [L. re- 
voco — re-, back, and voco, call.] 

REVOLT (re-volf or re-volt'), v. {pr.p, RE- 
VOLTING; p.t. and p.p. REVOLT'ED.] I. vi. 

1. Renounce allegiance; rise in rebellion. 2. 
Be grossly offended; feel nausea. II. vt. 1. 
Cause to rise in revolt. 2. Shock. [Fr. revolter 
— revolte, revolt.] 

REVOLT (re-volf or re-volt')» n. Act of revolt- 
ing; rebellion; mutiny. 

REVOLTER (re-volt'er), n. One who revolts; 
rebel. 

REVOLTING (re-volt'ing), a. Causing a turn- 
ing away from; shocking. 

REVOLTINGLY (re-vdlt'ing-U), adv. In a re- 
volting manner. 

REVOLUTE (rev'o-lot), a. Rolled backward. 

REVOLUTION (rev-o-16'shun), n. 1. Act of re- 
volving; motion round a center. 2. Course 
which brings back to the same point or state; 
space measured by a revolving body. 3. Com- 
plete change. 4. Overthrow of one govern- 
ment, and founding of another; fundamental 
change In political or social conditions. 5. 
Attempt at overthrowing the government; re- 
volt. [L. revolutus, p.p. of revolvo, revolve.] 

REVOLUTIONARY (rev-o-lo'shun-a-ri), I. a. 1. 
Pertaining to or of the nature of revolution. 

2. Tending to produce revolution. II. n. [pi. 
REVOLUTION ARIES.] Revolutionist. 

REVOLUTIONIST (rev-o-lo'shun-lst), n. One 
who engages in or promotes revolution. 

REVOLUTIONIZE (rev-o-lo'shun-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
REVOLUTIONIZING; p.t. and p.p. REVOLU- 
TIONIZED (rev-o-16'shun-izd).] 1. Bring 
about a revolution in, as in a political, com- 
mercial, industrial, or social system. 2. Ef- 
fect an entire change In the character of. 

REVOLVE (re-volv), v. [pr.p. REVOLVING; 
p.t. and p.p. REVOLVED (re-volvd').] I. vi. 1. 
Roll round on an axis. 2. Move around a 
center. II. vt. 1. Cause to turn. 2. Consider. 
[L. revolvo, revolutum — re-, back, and volvo, 
roll.] 



That which 




REVOLVER (re-volv'er), n. 
revolves. 2. 
Firearm which, 
by means of a 
revolving breech cylinder 
containing charge chambers, 
can fire several times in quick 
succession without reloading. 

REVULSION (re-vul'shun), n. 1. Revolver. 
Taking away. 2. Diverting of a disease from 
one part to another. 3. Sudden and complete 
change, especially of feelings. [L. revello, 
revulsum, tear away.] 

REVULSIVE (re-vul'siv), a. Tending to re- 
vulsion. 

REWARD (re-ward'), n. That which is given 
in return for good or evil ; recompense ; retribu- 
tion; fruit of labor. [O. Fr. reward — rewarder 
= Fr. regarder, regard.] 

REWARD (re-ward), vt. [pr.p. REWARDING; 
p.t. and p.p. REWARD ED.] 1. Give in return, 
whether good or evil; requite. 2. Bestow a 
recompense upon. 3. Constitute a reward for. 

REWARDABLE (re-ward'a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being rewarded. 2. Deserving of reward. 

REWARDER (re-warder), n. One who re- 
wards or recompenses. 

REYNARD (ra'nard), RENARD (ren'ard), n. 
The fox. [O. Fr. renard, regnard, fox.] 

RHAPSODIC (rap-sod'ik), RHAPSODICAL (rap- 
sod'ik-al), a. Of or pertaining to rhapsody; 
hence, confused and disconnected. 

RHAPSODIST (rap'so-dist), n. 1. One who re- 
cites or sings rhapsodies. 2. One who com- 
poses verses extempore. 3. One who speaks 
or writes disjointedly and with emotionalism. 

RHAPSODIZE (rap'so-diz), v. [pr.p. RHAPSO- 
DIZING; p.t. and p.p. RHAPSODIZED (rap'so- 
dizd).] I. vt. Sing or recite in rhapsodies. II. 
vi. Sing or recite in the manner of a rhapsody. 

RHAPSODY (rap'so-di), n. [pi. RHAPSODIES 
(rap'so-diz).] 1. Any wild disconnected com- 
position; any over-enthusiastic, rapturous ut- 
terance. 2. Part of an epic poem for recita- 
tion at one time. [Gr. rhapsodia, stringing 
together of songs — rhapto, sew, and 6d&, song.] 

R-HEA(re'a), n. 1. Greek Myth. Daughter of 
Uranus and Gsea (Sky and Earth) ; was the 
symbol of the productive power of nature, the 
preserving and life-giving principle of the 
world. 2. [r-] South American ostrich. The 
common rhea ( Rhea americana) and Darwin's 
rhea (Rhea darivini) are the best known 
species. [Gr. Rhea, Rhea.] 

RHEA (re'a), n. Rot. Ramie-plant (Reehmeria 
nivea), of the East Indies. Its fiber is exported 
to other countries for textile purposes. [E. 

RHENISH (ren'ish),a. Pertaining to the River 
Rhine. [L. Rhenus.] 

Rhenish Province, Rhine Province. 

Westernmost province of Prussia, on both 
sides of Rhine River. Area 10,421 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



^ 



RHEO- 



935 



RHUBARB 




Rheostat. 



RHEO-, prefix. Anything flowing; flux. [Gr. 
rheo, flow.] 

RHEOSTAT (re'o-stat), ». Instrument for regu- 
lating the strength 
of an electric cur- 
rent; resistance 
coil. [RHEO- and 
Gr. statos, stand- 
ing.] 

RHEOTAN (re'o- 
tan), n. Alloy 
of 84 per cent 
copper, 4 per 
cent zinc, and 12 
per cent man- 
ganese ; used for 
electric resist- 
ances. 

RHETORIC (ref- 
o-rik), n. 1. Art 
of speaking with 
propriety, elegance, and force; art of com- 
position. 2. Artificial eloquence. {Gr, rhs- 
toriks — ero, speak.] 

RHETORICAL (re-tor'ik-al), o. Of, pertaining 
to, involving, or containing, rhetoric; orator- 
ical; declamatory. 

RHETORICALLY ( re-tor ik-al-i), adv. In a 
rhetorical manner. 

RHETORICIAN (ret-o-rish'an), n. One who 
teaches the art of rhetoric; orator. 

RHEUM (rom), n. Mucous discharge as from 
the lungs or nostrils, caused by a cold. [Gr. 
rheuma — rheo, flow.] 

RHEUMATIC (ro-matik), RHEUMATICAL (ro- 
mat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to, or affected with, 
rheumatism. 

RHEUMATISM (ro'ma-tizm), n. Painful in- 
flammatory affection of the joints or muscles, 
so named from a notion that the pain was 
caused by rheum or humor flowing through 
the part affected. 

RHIN- (rin), -RHINE (rin), RHINO- (ri'no), stem. 
Of or belonging to the nose; nasal. [Gr. rhis, 
rhinos, nose.] 

RHINE (rin), n. River, Switzerland, Germany, 
and Netherlands to North Sea. 

RHINESTONE (rin'ston), n. Imitation diamond 
made of a vitreous composition known as 
paste or strass. 

RHINO (ri'nd), n. Money; cash; coin. (Slang.) 

RHINOCEROS (ri-nos'e-ros), n. Very large 
animal having a very 
thick skin, and one 
or two horns on thej 
nose. [Gr. rhis, nose, 
and keras, horn.] 

RHINOPLASTY (ri'- 
no-plas-ti), n. The 
forming of an arti- 
ficial nose, generally 
from the skin of the forehead. [Gr. rhis, nose, 
and plassd, mold.] 




Rhinoceros. 




Rhododendron. 
Bot. Shrub whose 



RHODE ISLAND. One of the United States- 

Capital, Providence. Area 1,250 sq. m. 
RHODES (rodz), n. Island off S.W. Asia Minor. 

Area 563 sq. m. 
RHODESIA (ro-de'sha), n. Region in British 

S. Africa. Area 750,000 sq. m. 
RHODIUM (rodi-um), n. White metal of the 

platinum group. [Gr. rhodeos, rosy.] 
RHODO-, prefix. Of, pertaining to, or resembling 

a rose. [Gr. rhodon, rose.] 
RHODOCYTE (ro'do-sit), 

n. Red blood-corpuscle. 

[Gr. rhodon, rose, and 

kytos, hollow (cell).] 

Rhododendron (ro- 

do-den'drun), n. Genus 

of plants having ever- 
green leaves, and large 

beautiful flowers like 

roses. [Gr. rhodon, rose 

and dendron, tree.] 
RHODORA (ro-do'ra), n. 

common and botan- 
ical names are the 

same, having oblong 

deciduous leaves with 

flowers in the form of 

little tufts at the ends 

of the branches. It 

grows throughout the 

Middle and Eastern 

States and beyond the 

Canadian border. 
RHOMB (romb), RHOM- 
BUS (rom'bus), n. 

Quadrilateral figure having its sides parallel 

and equal, but its angles not right angles. 

[Gr. rhombos — rhembo, spin around.] 
RHOMBO- (rom'bo), stem. Having the shape of 

a rhomb; of the nature of a rhomb. [Gr. 

rhombos, rhomb.] 
RHOMBOID (rom'boid), I. n. Quadrilateral 

figure having only its opposite sides and 

angles equal. II. a. Rhomboidal. 
RHOMBOIDAL (rom-boi'dal), a. Having the 

shape of a rhomboid. 
RHOMBUS (rom'bus), n. 

[pi. BHOMBI (rom'bi).] 

Same as RHOMB. 
RHONE (ron), n. River, 

Switzerland and France, 

falls into Gulf of Lion. 
RHUBARB (ro'barb), 

n. Plant of the genus 

Rheum. The stalks of 

common garden rhu- 
barb (Rheum Rhapon- 

ticum), grown exten- 
sively in England and 

America, as well as in 

Europe and Asia, are 

much used in cooking 

(pie-plant). As medicine, the root of Rheum 




i 



Rhodora (R. Canadensis). 




Rhubarb (Rheum 
officinale) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



RHUMB 



936 



RICOCHET 



officinale, chiefly found in Asia, Southern Rus- 
sia, and Turkey, is in general use. [Fr. reon 
— Bha or Volga River, and barbaron, foreign.] 

RHUMB, RUMB (rum), n. 1. One of the 
points of a compass-card. 2. Rhumb-line. 
[O. Fr. rumb, point of the compass.] 

RHU3IB-LINE (rum'lin), n. Line which cuts 
all the meridians at the same angle. It al- 
ways approaches the pole, but never reaches 
it, being constantly directed toward the same 
point of the compass. On Mercator's projec- 
tion it becomes a straight line. 

RHYME, RIME (rim), n. 1. Correspondence of 
sounds at the ends of verses. 2. Poetry having 
such correspondence. [A. S. rim, number.] 

RHYME, RIME (rim), v. [pr.p. RHYMING, 
RI'MING; p.t. and p.p. RHYMED, RIMED 
(rimd).] I. of. Put into rhyme. 11. vi. 1. Make 
rhymes. 2. Accord in the final syllables. 

RHYMESTER, RIMESTER (rim'ster), n. Maker 
of rhymes, generally of little poetic value. 

RHYTHM (rithm), n. 1. Regular recurrence of 
accents. 2. Movement in musical time. 3. 
Harmony of proportion. [Gr. rhythmos — rheo, 
flow.] 

RHYTHMIC (rith'mik), RHYTHMICAL (rith'- 
mik-al), a. 1. Relating to or characterized by 
rhythm. 2. Med. Periodical. 

RHYTHMICALLY (rith'mik-al-i), adv. In a 
rhythmical manner. 

RlALTO (ri-al'to), n. Late sixteenth century 
bridge over the Grand canal in Venice; earl- 
ier, an island, center of the financial quarter. 

RIB (rib), n. 1. One of the bones which encircle 
the chest. 2. Anything like a rib in form or 
use. [A. S. ribb.] 

RIB (rib), vt. [pr.p. RIB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
RD3BED (ribd).] 1. Furnish or inclose with 
ribs. 2. Form into ridges; ridge. 

RIBALD (rib 'aid), I. n. Loose, low character. 
II. a. Low; base; mean. [O. Fr.] 

RIBALDRY (rib'ald-rl), n. Language or con- 
duct of a ribald; vulgar scurrility. 

RIBBON (rlb'un), I. n. 1. Fillet or strip of silk; 
narrow strip. 2. [pi.] Driving-reins. II. a. 
Made of or resembling ribbon. [O. Fr. riban 
— Dut. ringband, necktie.] 

RIBBON (rlb'un), vt. [pr.p. RD3'BONING; p.t. 
and p.p. RIBBONED (rib'und).] Adorn with 
ribbons; cover or deck with or as with ribbons. 

-RIC, suffix. Denotes jurisdiction. [A. S. rice, 
dominion.] 

RICE (ris), n. Annual 
cereal grass ( Oryza 
sativa), or its edible 
seed. Believed to be a 
native of southern Asia, 
but now growing wild 
along rivers in South 
America. It Is exten- 
sively cultivatedin warm 
climates on marshy or Rice, 

irrigated land. It probably supports a larger 




number of the human race than any other 
cereal. [Fr. 
rlz — Gr. oryza 
— Ar. rozz 9 
rice.] 
RICE-BIRD 
(ris'berd), n, t 



Small Ameri-'Hn 




wis 



Rice-field. Setting the young 
sprouts. 



can singing 
bird (Dolich- 
onyx oryziv- 
orus) ; bobo- 
link; reed- 
bird. 

RICE-FIELD 

(ris'feld), n. Field in which rice is grown. 

RICEFLOUR (ris'flowr), n. 1. Ground rice. 2. 
Layer of the rice kernel next the cuticle, 
rubbed off in the process of hulling ; used only 
as stock food. 

RICE-GRUB (ris'grub), n. Larva of a beetle 
(Chalepus trachypygus), which attacks the 
roots of rice-plants in the southern United 
States. 

RICE-PAPER (ris'pa-per), n. 1. Paper made 
from the straw of rice. 2. Paper-like material, 
cut by the Chinese from the pith of a plant. 

RICH (rich), a. [comp. RICH'ER; superl. RICH'- 
EST.] 1. Abounding in possessions ; wealthy. 
2. Valuable. 3. Sumptuous. 4. Fertile. 5. 
Full of agreeable or nutritious qualities. 6. 
Bright, as a color. 7. Full of harmonious 
sounds. 8. Full of beauty. [A. S. rice.] 

SYN. Affluent; opulent; savory; plente- 
ous. ANT. Poor; indigent; barren. 

RICHES (rich'ez), n.pl. Wealth; plenty; opu- 
lence; abundance. [O. Fr. richesse.] 

RICHLY (rich'li), adv. Abundantly; with riches; 
in a rich way. 

RICHMOND (rich'mund), n. Capital of Vir- 
ginia, on James River. 

RICK (rik), n. Stack, pile or heap, as of hay. 
[A. S. hricce.] 

RICKETS (rik'ets), n. Pathol. Disease of chil- 
dren, characterized by softness and curvature 
of the bones ; rachitis. [Prov. E. (w) rick, twist.] 

RICKETY (rik'et-i), a. 1. Affected with rickets. 
2. Feeble ; tottering. 

RICKRACK (rik'rak), n. Openwork trimming 
of zigzag braid. 

RICOCHET (rik-o-sha'), n. The bounding or 
slipping of an object over a surface, as of a 
stone thrown so as to skip along over a sheet 
of water, or a cannon-ball fired so as to 
bound along the ground. — Ricochet fire, 
mode of firing with small charges and small 
elevation, resulting in a bounding or skip- 
ping of the projectile. [Fr.] 

RICOCHET (rik-o-sha), v. [pr.p. RICOCHET- 
TING (rik-o-sha'ing) ; p.U and p.p. RICO- 
CHETTED (rik-o-shad').] I. vt. Operate upon 
by ricochet firing. II. vi. Bound or skip along 
over a surface. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



RID 



937 



RIFT 



RID (rid), vt. [pr.p. Rro'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
RID.] Free; deliver; disencumber. [A. S. 
hreddan, snatch away.] 

RID (rid), a. Free; clear; quit. — Get rid of, 
free or clear one's self from. 

RIDABLE, RIDE ABLE (ri'da-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being ridden, as a horse. 2. Passable on 
horseback, as a river. 

RIDDANCE (rid'ans), n . Ridding; freeing; 
escape. 

RIDDEN (rid'n), v. Past participle of RIDE. 

RIDDLE (rid'l), n. Obscure description of 
something which the hearer is asked to name ; 
puzzling question; enigma. [A. S. rwdels — 
rcedan, guess, counsel.] 

RIDDLE (rid'l), v. [pr.p. RID'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIDDLED (rid'ld).] I. vt. Solve; ex- 
plain. II. vi. Speak in riddles. 

RIDDLE (rid'l), n. Large sieve for sand, gravel, 
etc. [A. S. hridder, sieve.] 

RIDDLE (rid'l), v. [pr.p. KID'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIDDLED (rid'ld).] I. vt. 1. Pass 
through a riddle ; sift. 2. Perforate in many 
places, as with balls or shot. II. vi. Use a 
riddle or sieve. 

RIDE (rid), v. [pr.p. RI'DING; p.t. RODE (rod) ; 
p.p. RIDDEN (rid'n).] I. vt. 1. Mount and 
manage; as, to ride a horse. 2. Traverse in 
riding; as, to ride a mile. 3. Be supported and 
borne on; as, to ride the waves. 4. Cause to 
take a ride; as, to ride one on a rail. II. vi. 

1. Be carried, as on horseback or in a car- 
riage. 2. Practice riding. 3. Float, as a 
ship at anchor. 4. Serve for the purpose of 
riding; as, the horse rides well. [A. S. ridan.] 

RIDE (rid), n. 1. Act of riding. 2. Excursion 
on horseback or in a vehicle. 3. Course 
passed over in riding. 

RIDER (ri'der), n. 1. One who rides. 2. Ad- 
dition to a document after its completion, on 
a separate piece of paper; additional clause 
added to a bill before it is passed. 

RIDGE (rij), n. 1. Back or top of the back. 

2. Anything like a back, as a long range 
of hills; extended protuberance. 3. Earth 
thrown up by the plow between the furrows. 
[A. S. hrycg, back of an animal.] 

RIDGE (rij), v. [pr.p. RIDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIDGED (rijd).] I. vt. 1. Make or form into 
a ridge. 2. Cover with ridges. II. vi. Rise 
in a ridge or ridges. 

RIDGE-POLE (rij'pol), n. Piece of timber 
forming the ridge of a roof. 

RIDGE-ROOF (rij'rof), n. Roof having a ridge; 
peaked roof. 

RIDICULE (rid'i-kiil), n. Mocking words or 
actions meant to excite laughter against; a 
making fun of. [L. ridiculum, jest — rideo, 
laugh.] 

SYN. Banter; mockery; derision; rail- 
lery; satire; sarcasm; irony. ANT. Ap- 
plause; praise. 

RIDICULE (rid'i-kul), vt. [pr.p. RIDICULING; 



p.t. and p.p. RIDICULED (rid'i-kuld).] Treat 
or address with ridicule; make sport of; 
deride; laugh down. 

RIDICULOUS (ri-dik'u-lus), a. Deserving or 
exciting ridicule. 

RIDICULOUSLY (ri-dik'u-lus-li), adv. In a 
ridiculous manner or degree. 

RIDICULOUSNESS (ri-dik'u-lus-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being ridiculous. 

RIDING (ri'ding), I. a. 1. Used for riding or 
traveling. 2. Suitable for riding on, as a 
horse. II. n. Road for riding on. — Riding- 
habit, riding-skirt, outer garment, commonly 
bifurcated or divided, worn by ladles when 
riding. 

RIDING-HOOD (ri'ding-hod), n. Eighteenth 
century women's traveling head-dress. 

RlESLING (res'ling), n. Kind of sour wine of 
Alsace, Rhineland, and California. 

RIFE (rif), a. Abundant; abounding. [A. S. rife.] 

RIFELY (rif'li), adv. Prevalently; abundantly. 

RIFENESS (rif'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rife. 

RIFFLE (rlf'l), n. Small rapid; ripple. — Make 
the riffle, force one's way against the riffle; 
succeed. 

RIFFLER (rif'ler), n. Peculiar file used by 
sculptors and carvers. 

RIFFRAFF (rif'raf), n. 1. Sweepings; refuse. 
2. Rabble; mob. [O. Fr. rif et raf, every- 
thing.] 

RIFLE (ri'fl), vt. [pr.p. RIFLING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIFLED (ri'fld).] Carry off by force; strip; 
rob. IFr. rifler, rafter, ransack. See RAFFLE.] 

RIFLE (ri'fl), vt. [pr.p. RI'FLING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIFLED (ri'fld).] Groove or channel spirally; 
cut a spirally grooved bore in. [Dan. rifle.] 

RIFLE (ri'fl), n. Firearm having a spirally 
grooved barrel, so that the projectile has a 
rotary motion on its own axis. 



^^r 



jm=o? 




U. S. Magazine Rifle. 

RIFLEITE (ri'fl-it), n. Kind of smokeless pow- 
der, for use in rifles. 

RIFLEMAN (ri'fl-man), n. [pi. RI'FLEMEN.] 
Soldier armed with a rifle. 

RIFLER (ri'fler), n. One who rifles or plunders. 

RIFLING (ri'fling), n. System of grooves with 
which rifles are constructed. 

RIFT (rift), n. Fissure or opening made by 
riving or splitting; cleft. [Dan. rift — rive, 
tear.] 

RJFT (rift), v. [pr.p. RIFT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

~ RIFT'ED.] I. vt. Cleave; split; rive. II. vi. 
Burst or split open; be riven. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above: me, met her; mite, mit; note SlS;/ 9 " 1 
" ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



RIFT-SAW 



938 



RIND 



RIFT-SAW (rlft'sa), w. Saw having the cutting- 
teeth placed at the ex- 
tremes of radial arms 
Instead of up on the rim 
of a disk. 

RIFT-S 



laving tne cuttini 




Clothe; dress; put on. Rift-saw. 

2. Fit with sails and tackling. [Norw. rigga, 
bind up.] 

RIG (rig), n. 1. Style in which the sails and 
masts of a ship are fitted. 2. Vehicle and 
team; turnout. 3. Outfit. 

RlGA (re'ga), n. City and port of European 
Russia, capital of Livonia, seven miles from 
the mouth of the Diina. 

RIGGING (rig'ing), n. 1. Tackle. 2. System 
of cordage which supports a ship's ma^ts and 
extends the sails. 

RIGHT (rit), I. a. 1. Straight; most direct. 2. 
Upright; erect. 3. According to truth and 
Justice; according to law; true; correct; just; 
fit; proper; exact. 4. Most convenient; well 
performed; most dexterous, as the hand. 5. 
On the right hand; on the right hand of one 
looking towards the mouth of a river. 6. 
Math, Formed by one line or direction rising 
perpendicularly to another. II. adv. 1. In a 
straight or direct line. 3. In a right manner ; 
according to truth and Justice; correctly. 3. 
Very; In a great degree. III. n. 1. That 
which is right or correct; truth; justice; vir- 
tue ; freedom from error. 2. What one has 
a just claim to; privilege; property. 3. Right 
side, opposite to left. — Might angle, angle 
formed by a line or plane perpendicularly in- 
tersecting another line or plane. [A. S. riht, 
right.] 

RIGHT (rit), v. [pr p. RIGHT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
BIGHT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Restore to the natural 
position; set upright. 2. Set right; correct. 

3. Do Justice to. II. vi. Resume an upright 
position. [A. S. rihtan — riht, right.] 

RIGHT-ABOUT (rita-bowt), n. The opposite 
direction; as In the phrase "send to the right 
about." — Right-about face, old-fashioned word 
of command (now About face). In obedience 
to which a half turn to the right was taken, 
so as to face in the opposite direction. 

RIGHTEOUS (rl'chus or rit'yus), a. Free from 
guilt or sin. [A. S. rihttvls — rlht, right, and 
iris, way.] 

SYN. Just; rightful; upright; virtuous; 
Incorrupt ; moral ; honest ; honorable ; pious ; 
religious. ANT. Unrighteous; immoral; 
wicked. 

RIGHTEOUSLY (rl'chus-li or rlt'yus-11), adv. 
In a righteous manner. 

RIGHTEOUSNESS (ri'chus-nes or rlt'yus-nes), 



n. 1. Quality or state of being righteous. 2. 
Accordance with desert; justice. 

RIGHTFUL (rit'fol), «• Having right; according 
to justice. 

RIGHTFULLY (rit'foi-i), adv. According to 
right, law, or justice. 

RIGHTFULNESS (rit'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being rightful. 

RIGHT-HANDED (rit'hand-ed), a. Having the 
right-hand stronger and readier than the left. 

RIGHTLY (rit'li), adv. In a manner that Is cor- 
rect, just, or proper. 

RIGID (rlj'Id), a. 1. Not easily bent; stiff. 2. 
Severe; strict. [L. rigldus — rlgeo, be stiff.] 

RIGIDITY (ri-jid'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being rigid; rigidness. 

RIGIDLY (rij 'id-ID, adv. 1. In a rigid or stiff 
manner. 2. With strictness or severity. 

RIGIDNESS (rij'id-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rigid. 

RIGMAROLE (rig'ma-rol), n. 1. Repetition of 
foolish words. 2. Long story. [From obs. RAG- 
MAN-ROLL, a document with seals pendent.] 

RIGOR (rig'ttr), n. 1. Quality of being rigid Or 
severe. 2. Stiffness of opinion or temper; 
strictness. 3. Severity, as of life or climate. 
4. Pathol. Sense of chilliness attended by a 
shivering. — Rigor mortis, rigidity of the hu- 
man body caused by death. [L.] 

RIGOROUS (rlg'ur-us), a. 1. Exercising rigor; 
allowing no abatement; scrupulously accu- 
rate. 2. Severe. 

RIGOROUSLY (rig'ur-us-li), adv. In a rigor- 
ous manner. 

RlGSDAG (rigz'dag), n. Parliament of Den- 
mark, consisting of two houses. 

RIGSDALER (rlgz'da-ler), RIKSDALER (rlks'- 
da-ler), n. Silver coin formerly current In 
Denmark, Sweden and other European 
countries, value about 55 cents. [Dan. rige f 
kingdom, and daler, dollar.] 

RlKSDAG (riksdag), n. National Legislature of 
Sweden, comprising two houses. 

RILE (ril), vt. [pr.p. RI'LING; p.t. and p.p. 
RILED (rlld).] 1. Render turbid or muddy. 
2. Make cross or angry; roil. (Colloq.) 

RILIEVO (re-lya/vo), n. Sculpt. Arch. Relief. 
See ALTO-RILIEVO and BAS-RELIEF. [It.] 

RILL (ill), n. Small brook. [L. Ger. riKe.] 

RILY (ri'li), a. Roily; turbid. (Colloq.) 

RIM (rim), n. Raised margin; border; brim. 
[A. S. ritna.] 

SYN. Edge; brink; verge; periphery. 

RIM (rim), vt. [pr.p. RIM 'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIMMED (rimd).] 1. Furnish with a rim. 
2. Form a rim round; border. 

RIME (rim), n. and v. Same as RHYME. 

RIME (rim), n. Hoar-frost; frozen dew. [A. S. 
hrim.] 

RIME (rim), vi. [pr.p. RI'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIMED (rimd).] Congeal into hoar-frost. 

RIND (rind), n. External covering, as the skin 
of fruit, the bark of trees. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



RINDERPEST 



939 



RIPE 




RINDERPEST (rin'der-pest), n. Malignant and 
contagious disease of cattle. [Ger., cattle- 
plague.] 

RING (ring), n. 1. Circle. 2. Small hoop, 
usually of metal, worn as 
an ornament. 3. Circular 
area for races, etc.; arena. 
4. Circular group of per- 
sons ; clique for selfish pur- 
pose in politics. 5. Prize 
ring; occupation of the pu- 
gilist. — Hitching ring, ring 
set in or fastened to post for 
the purpose of tying horses. 
[A. S. Tiring.] 

RING (ring), v. [pr.p. RING'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. RINGED Hitching Ring. 
(ringd).] 1. vt. 1. Encircle, 
2. Fit with a ring; place a ring on. 3. Hort. 
Girdle. 4. Throw a ring over; as, in quoits 
to ring the pin. II. vi. Form a circle. 

RING (ring), v. [pr.p. RINGING; p.t. RANG 
(rang); p.p. RUNG (rung).] I. vi. 1. Sound as 
a bell when struck; tinkle. 2. Practice the art 
of ringing hells. 3. Continue to sound. 4. Be 
filled with report. II. vt. 1. Cause to sound, 
as a metal. 2. Produce by ringing. 3. Call or 
summon by ringing. — Ming up, call up on 
the telephone. — Ming off, close up the talk on 
the telephone ; hang up the receiver. [A. S. 
hringan.] 

RING (ring), n. 1. Sound produced by a sono- 
rous body, as a bell. 2. Any long continued, 
loud, or reverberated sound. 3. Charac- 
teristic sound; as, the coin has the right 
ring. 

RING-BOLT (ring'bolt), n. Naut. Bolt with a 
ring passing through an eye in one end, 
which is secured to the deck or side of a 
vessel or on a wharf for attachment of a rope 
or tackle. 

RINGBONE (ring'bon), n. Callous substance 
growing in the hollow circle of the little pas- 
tern of a horse, sometimes extending quite 
round like a ring. 

RINGDOVE (ring'duv), 
pigeon {Columha 
palutnbus), so 
called from two 
white crescents on 
the neck. 

RINGER (ring'er), 
n. 1. Bell-ringer. 
2. Mining. Crow- 
bar. 3. Horse- 
racing. Horse Ringdove. 
fraudulently en- 
tered. 4. One who competes in some way 
under deception, especially in athletics. 5. 
Telephony. Electric call-bell 

RINGER (ring'er), n. Quoits. A throw that 
encircles the pin. 

RINGLEADER (ring'led-er), n. Head of a riot- 



European wood- 




ous body. [Originally, leader in the ring of 
a dance.] 

RINGLET (ring'let), n. 1. Small ring. 2. 
Curl, especially of hair. 

RINGMASTER (ring'mas-ter), n. Circus per- 
former traditionally without humor, sup- 
posed to have authority over others in the ring, 
chronically incensed at the clown's jokes. 

RING-OFF (ring'af), n. Telephony. Signal for 
the close of conversation, automatically given 
by hanging up the receiver. 

RINGWORM (ring'wurm), n. Skin disease in 
which itchy pimples appear in rings, caused 
by a vegetable parasite. 

RINK (ringk), n. Inclosed space devoted to 
some sport or pastime; as, a skating-rinfe. 
[Variant of RING.] 

RINSE (rins), vi. [pr.p. RINSING; p.t. and p.p. 
RINSED (rinst).] Cleanse with clean water. 
[Ice. hreinsa — Ger rein, pure.] 

RlO DE JANEIRO (re'o da zha-na'e-ro). 
Capital of Brazil. 

RIOT (ri'ut), vi. [pr.p. RIOTING; p.t. and p.p. 
RI'OTED.] 1. Brawl; raise an uproar or 
tumult. 2. Run to excess in feasting, be- 
havior, etc. [O. Fr. rioter, make a disturb- 
ance.] 

RIOT (ri'ut), n. 1. Uproar; tumult; disturbance 
of the peace. 2. Excessive feasting; luxury. — 
Mun riot, act or move wildly; grow luxuri- 
antly. — Mead the riot act, read a proclama- 
tion commanding rioters to disperse; give 
timely warning. — Miot gun, a repeating shot- 
gun, for use in suppressing riots. 

SYN. Insurrection; revolt; mutiny; dis- 
order; sedition. ANT. Law; order; author- 
ity. 

RIOTER (ri'ut-er), n. 1. One who participates 
in a tumult or riot. 2. One who revels. 

RIOTOUS (ri'ut-us), a. 1. Partaking of the 
nature of a riot or tumult. 2. Acting riotously; 
turbulent. 3. Indulging in revelry. 

RIOTOUSLY (ri'ut-us-li), adv. 1. Tumult- 
ously. 2. In a wanton or dissipated manner. 

RIOTOUSNESS (ri'ut-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being riotous. 

RIP (rip), vt. [pr.p. RIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIPPED (ript).] 1. Divide by cutting or tear- 
ing; cut open. 2. Take out by cutting or tear- 
ing. [A. S. rypan; Dan. rippe; Ice. rifa, tear.] 

RIP (rip), n. Rent made by ripping; tear. 

RIP (rip), n. Contemptible creature. (Colloq.) 

RIP (rip), vt. [pr.p. RIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIPPED (ript).] Utter with vehemence; as, 
to rip out an oath. (Colloq.) 

RIPARIAN (ri-pa'ri-an), a. Of or pertaining 
to a river-bank or other water frontage. 
— Miparian owner, one who owns lands 
bounded by a river or other water. — Riparian 
rights, such as are peculiar to riparian owners. 
[L. riparius, pertaining to a river-bank — ripa, 
bank.] 

RIPE (rip), a. Ready for harvest; arrived at 



fate, Cat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



RIPEN 



940 



ROACH 



perfection ; fit for use ; mature ; finished. [A. S. 
ripe, cf. Ger. reif.] 

RIPEN (ri'pn), v. [pr.p. RIPENING; p.t. and p.p. 
RIPENED (ri'pnd).] I. vi. Grow ripe; ap- 
proach or reach perfection. II. vt. Make ripe; 
bring to perfection. 

RIPPLE (rip'l), v. [pr.p. RIP'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIPPLED (rip'ld).] I. vt. Make small 
waves or undulations upon; as, to ripple the 
surface of a body of water. II. vi. 1. Assume 
a ruffled surface, or run in small waves. 2. 
Make a sound as of water running gently 
over pebbles. [From RUMPLE.] 

RIPPLE (rip'l), n. 1. Little curling wave. 2. 
Sound like that of rippling water; as, a ripple 
of laughter. 

RIPPLE (rip'l), vt. [pr.p. RIP'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIPPLED (rip'ld).] Remove the seeds 
from (stalks of flax) by drawing them through 
an iron comb. [From root of RAFFLE.] 

RIPPLE (rip'l), n. Comb-like tool for rippling 
flax stalks. 

RIPRAP (rip'rap), n. Broken or small stones 
used for a foundation on soft bottom. [From 
RIFFRAFF.] 

RIP-SAW (rip'sa), n. Saw in which the teeth 
are more inclined lengthwise (rake), and less 
laterally (set), than in a cross-cut saw. Used 
for sawing wood lengthwise of the grain. 

RISE (riz), vi. [pr.p. RISING; p.t. ROSE (roz); 
p.p. RISEN (riz'n).] 1. Move from a lower to 
a higher position; ascend. 2. Grow or ex- 
tend upward. 3. Take an upright position; 
leave the place of rest. 4. Tower up. 5. Be- 
come excited, aroused, or hostile; break forth 
Into commotion or insurrection; rebel. 6. 
Close a session. 7. Ascend from the grave. 8. 
Originate; emerge; spring. 9. Advance; pros- 
per. 10. Appear above the horizon; as, the 
moon rises. 11. Happen; occur; as, a thought 
rose to his mind. 12. Increase In quantity, ex- 
tent, intensity, volume, amount, or value. 
[A. S. risan.] 

RISE (riz), n. 1. Act of rising. 2. Ascent. 3. 
Degree of elevation. 4. Steep. 5. Origin. 6. 
Increase; advance. 7. Music. Elevation of 
the voice. S. Baseball. Delivery of the ball 
so as to make it rise as the batter strikes. 

RISER (ri'zer), n. The vertical part of a step, 
or stair. 

RISIBILITY (riz-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being risible. 

RISIBLE (riz'i-bl), a. Laughable; amusing. 
[L. risibilis, from rideo, risum, laugh.] 

RISING (ri'zing), n. 1. Act of rising. 2. Resur- 
rection. 3. Tumor. 

RISK (risk), n. 1. Hazard; chance of loss or 
injury. 2. Insurer's obligation on contract. 
[Fr. risque (Sp. risco), steep rock — L.reseco, 
cut off.] 

RISK (risk), vt. [pr.p. RISK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
RISKED (riskt).] 1. Expose to hazard. 2. 
Venture. 3. Incur the peril of. 



RISKER (risk'er), n. One who risks or ventures. 

RISKY (risk'i), c. 1. Full of risk or hazard; 
hazardous. 2. Venturesome. 

RISSOLE (ris'ol), n. Fish or meat minced, mixed 
with bread crumbs and eggs, and fried in a 
thin puff paste in sausage form. [Fr. rissoler, 
fry brown.] 

RITE (rit), n. Religious or solemn ceremony. 
[Fr. rite — L. ritus.] 

RITUAL (rit'u-al), I. a. Consisting of, or pre- 
scribing, rites. II. n. 1. Manner of perform- 
ing divine service, or a book containing words 
of prescribed religious service. 2. The body of 
rites employed. 3. Book or manual contain- 
ing a code of instructions for the precise ob- 
servance of the rites and ceremonies incident to 
any organization in the conduct of its business. 

RITUALISM (rit'u-al-izm), n. 1. System of 
rituals. 2. The observance of them. 3. Tend- 
ency to increase ceremonial in religious wor- 
ship. 

RITUALIST (rit'u-al-ist), n. 1. One skilled in 
or devoted to a ritual. 2. One in favor of 
ritualism. 

RITUALISTIC (rit-u-al-is'tik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or according to, a ritual. 

RI VAL(ri'val), I. n. One pursuing the same object 
as another. II. a. 1. Having the same claims. 
2. Standing in competition. [Fr. — L. rivalis, 
one whose land borders on the same brook.] 

RIVAL (rival), vt. [pr.p. RI'VALING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIVALED (ri'vald).] 1. Stand or be in 
competition or rivalry with. 2. Strive to equal 
or surpass; emulate. 

RIVALRY (ri'val-ri), n. [pi. RIVALRIES (ri'- 
val-riz).] Strife after the same object with 
another. 

SYN. Emulation; competition; conten- 
tion. ANT. Indifference; humility; con- 
tentment. 

RIVE (riv), v. [pr.p. RIV'ING; p.t. RIVED 
(rivd) ; p.p. RIVEN (riv'n).] I. vt. Split or cleave. 
II. vi. Be riven or split; open. [Ice. rifa.] 

RIVER (riv'er), n. Large running stream of 
Water. [Fr. riviere — L. L. riparia, shore dis- 
trict.] 

RIVET (riv'et), n. Bolt of metal fastened by 
being hammered at both ends. [O. Fr.] 

RIVET (riv'et), vt. [pr.p. RIVETING; p.t. and 
p.p. RIVETED.] 1. Fasten with a rivet or 
rivets. 2. Fasten 
firmly. 

RIVULET (riv'u-let), 
n. Small stream; 
brook. [It.rivoletto.l 
ROACH (roch), n. 1. 
European fresh-wa- 
ter fish of a silvery 
color with red fins. 
2. American chub. 
[Dut. roch. — Ger. roche.~\ 
ROACH (roch), n. Colloquial abbreviation 
COCKROACH. 




Roach. 



of 



fats., fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
xx=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






ROAD 



941 



ROCK A WAT 



ROAD (rod), n. 1. Highway. 2. Open way 
for passengers and traffic. 3. Place where 
ships ride at anchor. [A. S. rdd, riding.] 

SYN. Thoroughfare; way; pike; turn- 
pike; street; passage; course; route; road- 
way. 

ROAD- AGENT (rod'a-jent), n. 1. Highway- 
man. 2. Drummer. 

ROADSTEAD (rod'sted), n. Anchorage near 
shore but unsheltered. 

ROADSTER (rod'ster), n. 1. Vessel riding at 
anchor in a road. 2. Horse fitted for traveling. 

ROADWAY (rod'wa), n. That part of a road 
or street which is traveled by carriages. 

ROAM (rom), v. [pr,p. ROAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROAMED (romd).] I. vi. Rove about; ram- 
ble. II. vt. Wander over. [O. Fr. romier, 
one who makes a pilgrimage to Rome.] 

ROA3IER (rom'er), n. One who roams or roves 
about; wanderer; rover. 

ROAN don), I. a. 1. Having a bay or dark color, 
with spots of gray and white. 2. Of a mixed 
color, with a decided shade of red. II. n. 1. 
Roan color. 2. Roan horse. 3. Sheepskin 
leather made in imitation of morocco. [O. Fr. 
(It. rovano) — L. rufus, red.] 

ROAN-TREE (ron'tre), ROWAN-TREE (ro'an- 
tre), n. Mountain-ash. 

ROAR (ror), v. [pr.p. ROARING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROARED (rdrd).] I. vt. Proclaim loudly; 
bawl out. II. vi. 1. Cry with a loud resound- 
ing noise ; as the lion roars. 2. Make a loud 
continued noise, as the waves, the wind, or a 
crowd of people. 3. Cry or laugh noisily. 
[A. S. rdrian; from the sound.] 

ROAR (ror), n. 1. Full loud cry or noise. 2. 
Outcry of mirth. 3. Loud prolonged cry of a 
person in pain or distress. 4. Continued and 
confused sound, as of the waves, etc. 

ROARER (ror'er), n. One who or that which 
roars; specifically, a horse that has the 
habit of roaring, a result of a disease of the 
larynx. 

ROAST (rost), v. [pr.p. ROAST 'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROASTED.] I. vt. 1. Cook by dry heat. 2. 
Parch. 3. Heat to excess. 4. Expose one to 
scathing ridicule. (Colloq.) II. vi. 1. Carry on 
the process of roasting. 2. Become roasted. [O. 
Fr. rostir — O. Ger. rostan — Ger. roesten.] 

ROAST (rost), I. a. Roasted; as, roast beef. 
II. n. 1. That which is roasted; part of an 
animal chosen for roasting. 2. Figuratively, 
severe scolding or adverse criticism. (Colloq.) 

ROASTING-EAR (rost'ing-er),n. Ear of green 
Indian corn or maize in the milk and fit for 
roasting. 

ROB (rob), v. [pr.p. ROBBING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROBBED (robd).] I. vt. 1. Take away from 
by force. 2. Deprive. II. vi. Be guilty of 
robbing. [O. Fr. rober — O. H. Ger. rouben.] 

SYN. Plunder; steal; thieve; poach; 
pillage; despoil; fleece. ANT. Refund; re- 
turn; restore. 



plunderer, 
bandit; 




Kobin. 



ROBBER (rob'er), n. One who robs; 
SYN. Footpad; highwayman; 
road-agent; burglar. 

ROBBER-CRAB (rob'er-krab), n. Species of 
hermit-crab (Birgus latro), so called because 
it is said to climb up cocoanut trees to feed 
upon their fruit. It lives in holes at the roots 
of trees not far from the sea-shore. 

ROBBER-FROG (rob'er-frog), n. Large Texan 
frog (IAthodytes latrans), which has a cry 
resembling the bark of a dog. 

ROBBERY (rob'er-i), n. [pi. ROBBERIES (rob'- 
er-iz).] Act or practice of robbing. 

ROBE (rob), n. 1. Gown or outer garment. 2. 
Dress of dignity or state; rich dress. 3. Cover- 
ing used outdoors, as a lap-rooe, steamer-ro&e. 
[Fr.] 

ROBE (rob), v. [pr.p. RO'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROBED (robd).] I. vt. 1. Invest with a robe 
or robes; array. 2. Clothe or cover; as, the 
fields robed with green. II. vi. Array one's 
self in a robe or robes. 

ROBIN (robin), ROBIN-REDBREAST (rob'in- 
red'brest), n. 1. European 
small singing bird with a 
reddish breast. 2. Ameri- 
can migratory thrush. [A 
familiar form of ROBERT.] 

ROBUST (r6-bust0, a. 1. Of 
great strength or vigor. 2. 
Requiring strength. [Fr. — 
L. robustus — robur, oak.] 

SYN. Stalwart; strong; brawny; power- 
ful; athletic; sinewy. ANT. Puny; weak; 
feeble. 

ROBUSTLY (ro-bust'li), adv. With great strength 
and vigor. 

ROBUSTNESS (ro-bust'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being robust. 

ROC (rok), n. Enormous bird in Persian folk 
tales. [Pers. rukh.] 

ROCHELLE (rd-sheF), n. Fortified seaport of 
France. — Hochelle salt, tartrate of soda and 
potassa, discovered in 1672 by a Rochelle 
apothecary named Seignette. 

ROCHET (roch'et), n. Surplice with narrow 
sleeves, worn by bishops. [O. Fr.] 

ROCK (rok), n. 1. Large mass of stone. 2. 
Geol. Natural deposit forming part of the 
earth's crust. 3. Striped bass. [Gael, roc] 

ROCK (rok), n. Distaff. [Ger. rocken.] 

ROCK (rok), v. [pr.p. ROCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROCKED (rokt).] I. vt. 1. Cause to move 
backward and forward, as a body resting on a 
support beneath. 2. Move backward and 
forward in, or as in, a cradle. 3. • Cause to 
sway or totter. 4. Cause to tip from side 
to side; as, to rock a boat. II. vi. Be moved 
backward and forward in the manner above 
defined. [A. S. roccian.] 

ROCK (rok), n. Act of rocking. 

ROCKAWAY (rok'a-wa), n. Light four-wheeled 
two-seated carriage, with full standing top. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ROCKER 



942 



ROLL 



ROCKER (rok'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which rocks. 2. Rocking-chair. 3. Rock- 
ing-horse. 4. Curved support on which a 
cradle, rocking-horse or rocking chair rocks. 
5. Rock dove (Colutnba livia). 

ROCKERY (roker-1), n. Same as EOCKWORK. 

ROCKET (rok'et), n. Firework which is pro- 
jected through the air; used for making signals 
in war, and for saving life at sea hy conveying 
a line over a stranded vessel; also used as an 
ornamental firework. [It. rocchetto, bobbin, 
dim. of rocca, distaff.] 

ROCKINESS (rok'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rocky. 

ROCKING-HORSE (rok'ing-hars), n. Artificial 
horse mounted on rockers for children to ride. 

ROCKS ALT (rok'salt), n. Salt found in rock- 
like masses In the earth. 

ROCKWORK (rok'wurk), n. 1. Masonry In 
Imitation of masses of rock. 2. Pile of earth 
covered with stones, with plants growing 
between. 

ROCKY (rok'i), a. 1. Full of rocks. 2. Re- 
sembling a rock; hard; unfeeling. 3. Shaky; 
dizzy. 

Rocky Mountains. 

Alaska to Mexico. — 
Rocky Mountain goat, 
white goat-like ante- 
lope {Mazatna mon- 
tana), dwelling near^^, 
the snow-line of the.^T' 
mountains along the! 



from 



coast of British Col- 
umbia and Alaska. — 
Rocky Mountain 
sheep or bighorn, a 
wild sheep ( Ovis mon- 
tana), common on 




•*■»..-=? 



-&&, 



Rocky-Mountain Sheep 
(Bighorn). 

the higher mountain 
ranges of the western United States. 

ROCOCO (ro-ko'ko), ». Term applied to a de- 
generated style of architecture prevailing in 
the 18th century, marked by a meaningless 
multiplication of fantastic scrolls. [Fr.] 

ROD (rod), n. 1. Long twig; slender stick; any- 
thing long and slender. 2. Instrument of 
correction ; emblem of power or authority. 3. 
Pole or perch (5^ yards). [A. S.] 

RODE (rod), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of RIDE. 

RODENT (rodent), I. a. Gnawing. II. n. 
Gnawing animal, as a rat or hare. [L. rodens, 
rodentis, pr.p. of rodo, gnaw.] 

RODOMONTADE (rod-6-mon-tad), n. Vain 
boasting, like that of Rodomonte in the " Or- 
lando Furioso" of Ariosto. 

RODOMONTADE (rod-6-mon-tad), vi. [pr.p. 
RODOMONTADING; p.t. and p.p. RODO- 
MONTADED.] Boast or bluster. 

ROE (ro), n. Eggs or spawn of fishes. [Ice. 
hrogn — Ger. rogen.] 

ROE (ro), n. 1. Species of deer, smaller than 
the fallow-deer. 2. Female deer. [A. S. rdh.] 



n. Male of 
front prong 
two hinder 



the roe. 




ROEBUCK (ro'buk), 
having usually one 
to its antlers and 
ones. 

Roentgen rays 

(rent'gen raz). 
Form of radiant 
energy emanating 
from an electrically 
excited vacuum 
tube, possessing the 
power of penetra- 
ting objects imper- 
vious to sunlight 
and of affecting 
sensitized plates 
similarly to light ; 
X-rays. [Discovered by Prof. Roentgen.] 

ROGATION (ro-ga'shun), n. Asking; supplica- 
tion. — Rogation Days, the three days before 
the festival of Ascension. [L. rogo, ask.] 

ROGUE (rog), n. 1. Dishonest person; knave. 
2. Mischievous person; wag. [Fr.] 

ROGUERY (rog'er-i), n. [pi. ROGUERIES (rog'- 
er-iz).] 1. Knavish tricks; fraud. 2. Wag- 
gery. 

ROGUISH (rog'ish), a. 1. Knavish; dishonest. 
2. Waggish; arch. 

ROGUISHLY (rog'ish-li), adv. In a roguish 
manner. 

ROGUISHNESS (rog'lsh-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being roguish. 

ROIL (roil), vt. [pr.p. ROIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROLLED (roild).] 1. Make turbid by stirring. 
2. Vex; irritate; rile. 

ROILY (roil'i), a. Having the sediment stirred 
up; turbid; rily. 

ROISTER (roister), vi. [pr.p. ROIST'ERING; 
p.t. and p.p. ROISTERED (roist'erd).] Bluster; 
swagger; bully. [Fr. rustre, rude fellow — L. 
rusticus, rustic] 

ROISTERER (roist'er-er), w. Blustering, noisy 
fellow; bully. 

ROLE (rol), n. 1. Part performed by an actor in 
a play. 2. Part played in public life or in 
affairs. [Fr.] 

ROLL (rol), v. [pr.p. ROLL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROLLED (r old).] I. vi. 1, Turn like a wheel ; 
turn on an axis. 2. Be formed into a roll or 
cylinder. 3. Move, as waves ; be tossed about ; 
move tumultuously. 4. Wallow; rock. 5. 
Spread by pressure of a roller. 6. Sound, as 
a drum beaten rapidly. II. vt. 1. Cause to 
roll. 2. Turn on an axis. 3. Wrap round 
on itself; inwrap. 4. Drive forward. 5. 
Move upon wheels. 6. Press with a roller. 
7. Beat rapidly, as a drum. [O. Fr. roeller- — 
L. rotula, little wheel — dim. of rota, wheel.] 

ROLL (rol), n. 1. Act of rolling. 2. That which 
rolls; roller. 3. That which is rolled; paper 
etc., wound into a circular form. 4. Docu- 
ment. 5. Register; list of names. 6. Form of 
bread. 7. Continued sound of a drum. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mlt; note, not, move, wolf; mute, nut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



BOLL-CALL 



943 



ROOF-GARDEN 



ROLL-CALL (rol'kal), n. Calling of the roll or 
list of names, as in the army. 

ROLLER (rol'er), n. 1. That which rolls. 2. 
Cylinder used for rolling, grinding, etc. 3. 
Long broad bandage. 4. [pi.] Heavy, long 
wave. 

ROLLER-SKATE (rol'gr-skat), n. Skate 
mounted on small wheels, used for skating 
upon smooth flooring, sidewalks, etc. 

ROLLICKING (rol'ik-ing), a. Careless; swag- 
gering. 

ROLLING (rol'ing), a. 1. Moving on wheels. 2. 
Used in rolling. 

ROLLING-MILL (rol'ing-mil), n. Establish- 
ment where metal is rolled into bars, sheets, 

ROLLING-PIN (rol'ing-pin), n. Cylindrical in- 
strument for spreading paste, dough, etc. 

ROLLING-PRESS (rol'ing-pres), n. Press of 
two cylinders for rolling or calendering cloth. 

ROLLING-STOCK (rol'ing-stok), n. Engines, 
cars, etc., of a railway. 

ROLL-TOP DESK (rol'top 
desk). Writing desk, the top 
of which slides in grooves 
for opening and closing. 

ROMAIC (ro-ma'ik), n. Mod- 
ern Greek; language of the 
descendants of the Eastern 
Romans. iFr. Romaique- 
aikos.] 

R/OMAN (ro'man), I. a. 1. Pertaining to Rome 
or to the Romans. 2. 
Print. Noting the letters 
commonly used, as op- 
posed to ITALICS. 3. Writ- 
ten in letters used by the 
Romans (as IV), not in 
figures (as 4). II. n. Native 
or citizen of Rome. [L. 
Romanus — Roma, Rome.] 

Roman Catholic (ro'- 
man kath'o-lik). Deno- 
ting the Christians who 
recognize, and submit to 

the spiritual supremacy of Marcus Tullius 
the Pope of Rome; used as C 
a noun, member of the 
Roman Catholic Church. 

ROMANCE (ro-mans), I. n. 1. 




Roll-top Desk. 
-modern Gr. Bom- 




tor and pleader. 
Born B.C. 106 — 
Died B.C. 43. 



Dialects in S. 
Europe which sprang from a corruption of 
the Roman or Latin language. 2. [r-] Tale 
written in these dialects. 3. [r-] Any ficti- 
tious and wonderful tale. II. a. [R-] Be- 
longing to the dialects called Romance. [O. 
Fr. romans — L. Romanicus, Roman.] 

ROMANCE (ro-mans'), vi. [pr.p. ROMANCING; 
p.t. and p.p. ROMANCED (ro-manst').] 1. 
Tell romantic or extravagant stories. 2. Be 
romantic. 

ROMANESQUE (ro-man-esk'), a. Roman; 
Romance, referring to: (1) Arch. Round- 
vaulted style developed in the later Roman 



empire and in the early middle ages. (2) 
Dialect of Languedoc and other districts <jf 
the south of France. [Fr.] 

ROMANISM (ro'man-izm), n. Doctrine, policy, 
and customs of the Roman Catholic Church. 

ROMANTIC (ro-man'tik), a. Pertaining to or 
resembling romance; not formal or classical; 
visionary. 

SYN. Sentimental; extravagant ; imagina- 
tive; passionate; fantastic; dreamy; fanci- 
ful; fictitious. ANT. Historical; truthful; 
realistic. 

ROMANTICALLY (ro-man'tik-al-i), adv. In a 
romantic manner. 

ROMANTICISM (ro-man'ti-sizm), n. In litera- 
ture, the revolt from a classical or pseudo- 
classical to a medieval style, or to romance; 
likewise resistance to revolt from a romantic 
to a modern style, or to realism. 

ROMANTICNESS (ro-man'tik-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being romantic. 

ROMANY (rom'a-ni), I. a. Pertaining to the 
gipsies. II. n. Gipsy. [Gipsy Romani — rom, 
man.] 

ROME (rom), n. Capital of Italy, on the Tiber, 
"The Eternal City." 

ROMP (romp), vi. [pr.p. ROMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROMPED (rompt).] 1. Play noisily. 2. 
Skip about in play. [Variant of RAMP.] 

ROMP (romp), n. 1. Exciting play or frolic. 2. 
One who romps, especially a girl. 

ROMPERS (romp'erz),«.pZ. Same as JUMPERS. 

ROMPISH (romp'ish), a Given or inclined to 
romping. 

ROMPISHLY (romp'ish-li), adv. Like a romp. 

ROMPISHNESS (romp'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being rompish. 

ROMULUS (rom'u-lus), n. Rom. Legend. One 
of the twin founders of Rome, who, with his 
brother Remus, was thrown into the Tiber, 
but miraculously saved, and suckled by a 
she-wolf till found by a shepherd, who brought 
up the twins; Remus was killed in a quarrel 
with his brother, and Romulus became sole 
chief of the future great nation. 

RONDEL (ron'del), n. 1. Mil. Observation tower 
at the corner of a fortress, arsenal or barracks. 
2. Pros. Thirteen-line poem on two rhymes 
in fixed order. 

RONDO (ron'do), n. Music. Lively portion of a 
musical composition, suitable for dancing to 
or furnishing a refrain or chorus. 

ROOD (rod), n. 1. Fourth part of an acre. 2. 
Figure of Christ on the cross. [Same as ROD.] 

ROOF (rof), n. 1. Top covering of a house or 
building. 2. Vault or arch, or the inner side 
of it. [A. S, hrof.] 

ROOF (rof), vt. [pr.p. ROOF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROOFED (roft.] 1. Cover with a roof. 2. 
Shelter, as under a roof; house. 

ROOF-GARDEN (rof'gar-dn), n. Pleasure re- 
sort on the roof of a building, ornamented 
with plants and flowers. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ROOFING 



944 



ROSE 




Rook. 

trees in which rooks 
Group of dilapidated 
dilapidated building 



ROOFING (rof'ing), n. 1. Covering with a roof. 

2. Materials for a roof. 3. Roof. 
ROOFLESS (rof'les), a. Without a roof; hav- 
ing no house or home; unsheltered. 
ROOF-TREE (rof 'tre), n. 1. Beam in the angle 
of a roof; ridge-pole. 
2. The roof itself. 
ROOK (rok), n. Species 
of small European crow 
( Corvus frugivorus). 
ROOK (rok), n. Castle 
(piece used in playing 
chess). [Fr. roc — Pers. 
rokh.] 
ROOKERY (rok'er-i), n. 
[pi. ROOKERIES (rok'- 
er-iz).] 1. Group of 
build their nests. 2. 
buildings. 3. Large, 
with many occupants. 
ROOM (rom), n. 1. Unoccupied space. 2. 
Chamber. 3. Extent of place. 4. Freedom 
to act; fit occasion. 5. Place of another; 
stead. [A. S. rum — Ger. raum.] 
ROOM (rom), vi. [pr.p. ROOMING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROOMED (romd).] Occupy a room; 
lodge. (Colloq.) 
ROOMER (rom'er), n. One who rents and oc- 
cupies a room; lodger. (Colloq.) 
ROOMINESS (rom'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being roomy. 
ROOMMATE (rom'mat), n. One who occupies 

a room with another. 
ROOMY (rom'l), a. [comp. ROOM'IER; superl. 
ROOM'lEST.] Having or affording ample 
room; spacious. 
ROORBACK (ror'bak), n. False story published 
or spread abroad at the last moment of a po- 
litical campaign when the opposition wiil 
have no opportunity to refute it. (Colloq.) 
ROOST (rost), n. 1. Pole or support on which a 
bird rests at night. 2. Number of fowls rest- 
ing together. [A. S. hrost.] 
ROOST (rost), vi. [pr.p. ROOST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROOSTED.] 1. Occupy a roost. 2. 
Settle; lodge; sleep. (Colloq.) 
ROOSTER (roster), n. Male of the domestic 

fowl or chicken; cock. 
ROOT (rot), n. 1. Part of a plant which is in the 
earth, and which draws up sap 
from the soil. 2. Edible root. 
3. Anything like a root; bot- 
tom. 4. Word from which, 
others are derived; radical. 5. 
Cause or occasion. 6. Math., 
Factor of a quantity which mul- 
tiplied by itself produces that 
quantity. 7. Value of the 
unknown quantity in an equa- 
tion. — Boot-galls of cottony a 
disease caused by a worm. 
[Ice. rot.] 
ROOT (rot), v. [pr.p. ROOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 




that 
One 



ROOT'ED.] 1. vi. Take root and begin to 
grow; be firmly established. II. vt. Plant 
in the earth; implant deeply. 

ROOT (rot), vi, [pr.p. ROOT'ING; p.t. and p.p, 
ROOT'ED.] 1. Turn up the earth with the 
snout, as swine do. 2. Exert one's self for the 
success of one's party or side. (Colloq.) IA» 
S. wrotan — wrot, snout.] 

ROOTER (rot'er), n. Plant that takes root. 

ROOTER (rot'er), n. 1. One who or 
which roots or tears up, as a swine. 2. 
who exerts himself for the success of his party 
or side; one who gives encouragement by 
shouts of advice and applause. (Colloq.) 

ROOTLET (rot'let), n. Little root; radicle. 

ROPE (rop), n. 1. Thick twisted cord. 2. String 
of things (as onions) formed by braiding 
them together. [A. S. rap.] 

ROPE (rop), v. [pr.p. ROPING; p.t. and p.p, 
ROPED (ropt).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a rope, 
2. Connect together by a rope or ropes. 3. 
Catch by means of a rope. 4. Draw as by a 
rope. 5. Inclose with a rope. 6. Pull or 
curb, as a horse, to prevent winning a race. 
II. vi. Be drawn out into a thread or filament* 
— Rope in, entice into a game or scheme in 
order to cheat. 

ROPE-DANCER (rop'dan-ser), n. Acrobat who 
performs on a rope. 

ROPER (ro'per), n. Maker of ropes. 

ROPERY (ro'per-i), n. Place where ropes are 
made. 

ROPEWALK (rdp'wak), n. Long narrow shed 
used for the spinning of ropes. 

ROPILY (ro'pi-li), adv. So as to be capable of 
being drawn out in a thread. 

ROPINESS (ro'pi-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being ropy. 

ROPY (ro'pi), a. 1. Resembling a rope; rope- 
like. 2. Capable of being drawn out in a 
thread or filament. 

RORQUAL (rar'kwal), n. Whale of the largest 
size, having a long sharp dorsal fin; razor- 
back. [Norw.] 

ROSACEOUS (ro-za'shus), a, 
the rose family. 2. Hav- 
ing the petals arranged like 
those of the rose. [L. ros- 
aceus.] 

ROSARY (ro'za-ri), n. [pi. 
ROSARIES (ro'za-riz).] 1. 
Chaplet; garland. 2. String 
of beads on which Roman 
Catholics count their pray- 
ers. [L. rosarium.] 

ROSE (roz), n. 1. Plant of Amerfcan^Beauty. 
the genus Hosa embracing 
many species with beautiful flowers cultivated 
since ancient times. The main groups of va- 
rieties are (a) non-climbing garden roses, such 
as June roses, cabbage roses, moss roses, 
damask roses; (6) climbing roses, such as the 
prairie rose, musk rose, and evergreen rose; 



Pertaining to 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute. hut. burD, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ROSE 



945 



ROTOR 




(c) Autumn or remontant roses derived from 

the China or Indian rose; (d) perpetually 

blooming roses such as the Bengal rose and 

the tea-rose. 2. Rosette. 3. Perforated 

nozzle of a pipe, etc. 4. Pink, 

the color of the rose. [A.S. 

rose — Li. rosa.~] 
ROSE (roz), v. Past tense of 

RISE. 
ROSE-APPLE (rdz'ap-1), n. 

Tropical tree of medium size 

(Eugenia malaccensis) or its 

fragrant fruit with apple-like 

odor and delicate flavor. 
ROSEATE (ro'ze-at), a. Rose- 
colored; rosy. 
ROSEBUD (roz'bud), n. Bud of 

a rose. 
ROSE-BUSH (roz'bosh), w. Any 

rose-bearing shrub. 
ROSELLE (ro-zel'), n. Bot. 

Plant and its fruit grown in 

tropical America. Its fruit Rose-Apple 

is highly valued for making (Eugenia Malac- 

jellies and preserves. censis). 

ROSEMARY (roz'ma-ri), ROSMARIN (roz'ma- 

ren), n. Small fra- 
grant evergreen^ 

shrub of a pungent^ 

taste. [L. rosmar- 

inus, sea-dew, sea- 

spray.J 
ROSERY (roz'er-i), n. 

Place where roses 

grow; nursery of 

rose-bushes. 
ROSETTE (ro-zet'),n. 

1. Imitation of a 

rose by means of a 

ribbon. 2. Arch. 

Circular ornament 

arranged in con- 
centric groups. [Fr. 

dim. of rose.] 
ROSE-WATER (roz'- 

wa-ter), I. n. Toi- 
let water scented with roses. 

edly delicate. 
ROSE-WINDOW (roz'win-do), n. Circular 

window with much tracery branching from 

the center. 
ROSEWOOD (roz'wpd), n. Wood of certain 

trees, having a faint fragrance like that of 

roses. 
ROSIN (roz'in), w. A solid left after distilling 

off the oil from crude turpentine; colophone. 

[Form of RESIN.] 
ROSIN (roz'in), vt. [pr.p. ROSINING; p.t. and 

p.p. ROSINED (roz'ind).] Rub with rosin. 
ROSINESS (ro'zi-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being rosy. 
ROSINY (roz'in-i), a. Resembling, containing, 

or consisting of, rosin. 




Victor Roselle (Hibiscus 
sabdiriffa Linn). 

II. a. Affect- 



ROSTER (ros'ter), «. 1. List of persons liable, 
in rotation, to a certain duty. 2. List of 
officers, as of a division. [Dut. rooster, grid- 
iron, list. The connection is in the grate-like 
appearance of the network of lines on the 
paper.] 

ROSTRAL (ros'tral), a. Like a rostrum or beak. 

ROSTRATE (ros'trat), ROSTRATED (rostra- 
ted), a. Beaked. 

ROSTRIFORM (ros'tri-farm), a. Having the 
shape of a beak. 

ROSTRUM (rostrum), n. [pi. ROSTRA.] 1. 
In ancient Rome, platform for public speakers 
in the Forum, adorned with the beaks or 
heads of ships taken in war. 2. Platform or 
pulpit for public speaking. 3. Anything 
shaped like a beak. [L„ beak.] 

ROSY (ro'zi), a. [comp. ROSIER; superl. RO'SI- 
EST.] Like a rose; blooming; blushing; red. 

ROT (rot), v. [pr.p. ROT'TING; p.t. and p.p. ROT'- 
TED.] I. vi. Putrefy; become decomposed. 
II. vt. Cause to decay. [A. S. rotian.] 
SYN. Decay; spoil; decompose; molder. 

ROT (rot), n. 1. Decay; putrefaction. 2. Dis- 
ease of the potato. 3. Decay which attacks 
timber; dry-rot. 4. Fatal distemper in sheep; 
glanders. 5. Disgustingly silly or insincere 
talk, writing or music. (Slang.) 

ROTARY (ro'ta-ri), a. Turning like a wheel; 
rotatory. [L. rota, wheel.] 

ROTATE (ro'tat), o. Bot. Wheel-shaped. [L. 
rotatus, p.p. of roto, turn round — rota, wheel.] 

ROTATE (ro'tat), v. [pr.p. RO'TATING; p.t. and 
p.p. RO'TATED.] I. vt. Cause to revolve, as 
a wheel. II. vi. 1. Revolve. 2. Do any- 
thing in rotation. [See ROTATE, a.] 

ROTATION (ro-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of turning 
round on a center; 
rotary motion. 2. 
Succession of events; 
order of sequence; 
as, a rotation of crops. 
— Magneto-optic ro- 
tation, a rotation of 
beam of polarized 
light's plane of polar- 
ization on its passage 
through a transpar- 
ent medium in a strong magnetic field. 

ROTATIONAL ( ro-ta'shun -al), a. Pertaining to 
rotation. 

ROTATIVE (ro'ta-tiv), a. Pertaining to or pro- 
ducing rotation. 

ROTATOR (ro-ta'tur), n. 1. That which moves 
in or gives a circular motion. 2. Anat. Mus- 
cle that imparts rotary motion. 

ROTATORY (ro'ta-to-ri), a. 1. Turning round 
like a wheel ; going in a circle. 2. Following 
in succession. 

ROTE (rot), n. Mechanical repetition of words 
without much attention to the meaning. 
[From root of ROUTE, road.] 

ROTOR (ro'tiir), n. 1. Elec. Portion that ro- 



« 




Magneto-optic rotation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



ROTTEN 



946 



ROUND 



tates in an electric machine ; as, the rotor of a 
dynamo. 2. Rotating part of a steam- 
turbine. [L. rota, wheel.] 

ROTTEN (rot'n), a. [comp. ROT'TENER; superl. 
ROT'TENEST.] Putrefied; decomposed; un- 
sound; treacherous; corrupt. [Prob. Scand. 
origin. Cf . Dan. raaden; Sw. rutten; Ice. rotinn; 
Dut. verrot.] 

ROTTENNESS (rot'n-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rotten. 

ROTTENSTONE (rot'n-ston), n. Soft stone used 
in a state of powder to polish soft metals and 
glass; tripoli. 

ROTTERDAM (rot'er-dam), n. Seaport, Nether- 
lands, on the 3Iaas. 

ROTUND (ro-tund'), a. Round; spherical; well- 
rounded, or too well-rounded, said of the 
voice or literary style. [L. rotundus — rota, 
wheel. See ROTARY.] 

ROTUNDA (ro-tun'da), n. 1. Round building, 
usually with a dome. 2. Circular hall, cov- 
ered with a dome. [It. rotonda; Sp. rotunda — 
L. rotundus, round.] 

ROTUNDITY (ro-tundi-ti), n. I. Condition of 
being round. 2. Round object. 

ROTUNDNESS (ro-tundnes), n. Quality or 
state of being rotund. 

ROUBLE, n. Same as RUBLE. 

ROUE (ro-a')f n. Fashionable profligate. [Fr., 
broken on the wheel.] 

ROUEN (ro'en; Fr. 
rwang), n. City in 
France, on the 
Seine, 44 miles 
from its mouth, 
famous for its 
great cathedral, 
manufactures, and 
steamship lines. — 
Rouen-ducks, tame 
ducks crossed with 
the wild mallard. 

ROUGE (rozh), n. Rouen-ducks. 

Red paint used to color the cheeks or lips. 
[Fr. — L. rubeus, red.] 

ROUGE (rozh), v. [pr.p. ROUGING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROUGED (rozhd).] I. vt. Paint, as the 
cheeks, with rouge. II. vi. Paint the cheeks 
with rouge. 

ROUGE-ET-NOIR (rozh-a-nwar'), n. Game of 
chance at cards; trente-et-quarante. [Fr., 
red and black.] 

ROUGH (ruf), I. a. [comp. ROUGHER; 
superl. ROUGHEST.] 1. Not smooth; uneven; 
uncut; unpolished; boisterous; tempestuous; 
violent; harsh; severe. 2. Rude; coarse; dis- 
ordered in appearance. II. w. Rough state or 
condition; as, a thing in the rough. [A.S. ruh.] 

ROUGH (ruf), vt. [pr.p. ROUGHING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROUGHED (ruft).] 1. Make rough. 2. 
Execute or shape out roughly. 3. Agitate; 
disturb; vex. — Rough it, undergo hardship, 
and put up with inconveniences. 




ROUGH-AND-READY (ruf-and-red'i), a. Off- 
hand; not over-precise. 

ROUGH-AND-TUMBLE (ruf-and-tum'bl), a. 
Unrestrained by rules; as, a rough-and-tum- 
ble fight. 

ROUGH-CAST (ruf'kast), vt. [pr.p. ROUGH'- 
CASTING; p.t. and p.p. ROUGHCASTED.] 1. 
Form or compose roughly. 2. Coat with 
coarse plaster. 

ROUGH-CAST (ruf'kast), n. 1. Rude model. 2. 
Coarse plaster. 

ROUGH-DRY (ruf'drl), vt. [pr.p. ROUGH'- 
DRYING; p.t. and p.p. ROUGH-DRIED (ruf- 
drid).] Dry without smoothing or ironing. 

ROUGHEN (ruf'n), v. [pr.p. ROUGHENING; 
p.t. and p.p. ROUGHENED (ruf'nd).] I. vt. 
Make rough. II. vi. Become rough. 

ROUGH-HEW (ruf'hu), vt. [pr.p. ROUGH'- 
HEWING; p.t. and p.p. ROUGH-HEWED (ruf- 
hud).] 1. Hew roughly, without giving any 
finish. 2. Give the first form or outline to. 

ROUGH-HOUSE (ruf hows), n. Rowdy con- 
duct; rough play. (Colloq.) 

ROUGHLY (ruf li), adv. In a rough manner. 

ROUGHNESS (ruf'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rough. 

ROUGH-RIDER (ruf'ri-der), n. 1. One who 
rides rough or untrained horses ; horse-break- 
er. 2. Name applied to members of 1st Regi- 
ment of U. S. V. Cavalry organized for the 
war with Spain, 1898. 

ROUGH-SHOD (ruf'shod), a. Shod with shoes 
armed with calks or points. — Ride rough-shod 
over, disregard or violate recklessly. 

ROULETTE (ro-lef), n. 1. Little ball or roller. 

2. Game of chance played with a small ball 
on a revolving disk with red and black spaces. 
[Fr. rouler, roll.] 

Roumania, Rumania 

(ro-ma'ni-a), n. Kingdom 
on the lower Danube in 
S. E. Europe. Capital, Buk- 
harest. 

Roumanian, Rumanian 

(ro-ma'ni-an), n. Native 
or inhabitant of Roumania. 
ROUND (rownd), I. a. [comp. 
R O U N D ' E R ; superl. 
ROUNDEST.] 1. Circular; 

globular; cylindrical. 2. Elizabeth (Carmen 
Whole; complete; plump. 

3. Large. 4. Uttered with 
full sound. 5. Uttered with 
rounded lips. 6. Open ; direct and plain. — 
In round numbers, in even tens, hundreds, 
etc. II. adv. 1. In a round manner. 2. 
On all sides. 3. From one side or party 
to another; circularly. III. prep. Around; 
on every side of; all over. IV. n. 1. That 
which is round; circle or globe. 2. Series of 
actions; time of such series; bout; turn; rou- 
tine; revolution; cycle; accustomed walk. 3. 
Step of a ladder. 4. Song or dance having a 




Sylva), Queen of 
Roumania. Born 
1843. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



ROUND 



947 



EOW 



frequent return to the same point. 5. Origin- 
ally, volley or general discharge of firearms; 
now, single cartridges. 6. Part between rump 
and leg, as of beef. [O. Fr. rond — L. rotundus.] 

BOUND (rownd), v. [pr.p. ROUNDING; p.t. 
and p.p. ROUNDED.] I. vt. 1. Make round. 
2. Surround. 3. Go around. 4. Complete; 
make full and flowing. II. vi. 1. Grow or 
become round or full. 2. Go round. 

ROUNDABOUT (rownd'a-bowt), I. a. 1. En- 
circling. 2. Circuitous; indirect. II. n. 1. 
Horizontal revolving wheel on which children 
ride; merry-go-round. 2. Jacket which fits 
the body closely. 

ROUNDEL (rown'del), n. 1. Anything of a 
round form or figure; circle. 2. Roundelay. 
[O. Fr. rondel (Fr. rondeau), dim. of rond, 
round.] 

ROUNDELAY (rown'del-a), n. Song or dance 
in which parts are repeated. 

ROUNDER (rownd'er), n. 1. Bookbinding. 
Tool used for shaping the back of a book. 2. 
Any tool used for rounding. 3. One who 
makes the rounds, especially of saloons at 
night. (Colloq.) 

ROUNDHAND (rownd'hand), n. Handwriting 
having well rounded letters. 

ROUNDHEAD (rownd'hed), n. Member of the 
Puritan party during the English civil war, so 
called because they had their hair closely cut, 
while the Cavaliers wore theirs in long ringlets. 

ROUNDHOUSE (rownd 'hows), n. 1. Cabin on 
the after-part of the quarter-deck. 2. Build- 
ing for locomotives, constructed around a 
turntable. 

ROUNDLY (rownd'li), adv. 1. In a spherical 
form. 2. Vigorously. 3. Approximately. 

ROUND-ROBIN (rownd 'rob -in), n. Petition 
with the signatures in the form of a circle or 
round ribbon, so as not to show who signed 
first. 

ROUND-SHOULDERED (rownd'shol-derd), a. 
Having round or stooping shoulders. 

ROUNDSMAN (rowndz'man), n. Policeman who 
makes the rounds to inspect other policemen 
within a prescribed district. 

ROUND-TOWER (rownd to w-er), n. Tall, 
slender, cylindrical tower, tapering from the 
base upward, and generally having a conical 
top. They are frequently met with in Ireland, 
and were erected between the ninth and 
twelfth centuries. 

ROUND-TRIP (rownd'trip), I. n. Trip to a 
certain place and return. II. a. Relating to, 
or good for, a trip from one place to another 
and back again ; as, a round-trip ticket. 

ROUND-TURN (rownd'turn), n. Naut. One 
turn of a rope around a timber, or one cable 
round another. — Bring up with a round-turn, 
bring to a sudden stop. 

ROUND-UP (rownd'up), n. Act of gathering 
into one place or herding together, as of 
cattle. 



ROUND-UP (rownd'up), vt, [pr.p. ROUND'ING- 
UP; p.t. and p.p. ROUND'ED-UP.] Herd 

together; as, to round-up cattle that have been 
pasturing at large on the open prairie. 

ROUP (rop), n. Destructive poultry disease 
similar to catarrh in man, but often swiftly 
fatal. 

ROUSE (rowz), v. [pr.p. ROUS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROUSED (rowzd).] I. vt. 1. Awake from 
sleep or repose. 2. Excite to thought or ac- 
tion. II. vi. 1. Wake up. 2. Bestir one's 
self. [Sw. rusa, rush.] 

ROUSE (rowz), w. Signal or call to awake; re- 
veille. 

ROUSE (rowz), vi. [pr.p. ROUS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. ROUSED (rowzd).] Naut. Pull together 
upon a cable, etc. [Etym. doubtful.] 

ROUSE (rowz), n. Carousal. [Ger. rauscJi, 
drunkenness, or short for CAROUSE.] 

ROUSER (rowz'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which rouses. 2. Anything unusually great 
or startling. 

ROUSING (rowz'ing), a. 1. Having power to 
rouse; exciting. 2. Very great. 

ROUSTABOUT (rowst'a-bowt), n. 1. Laborer 
on board a steamer; deck-hand. 2. Jack of 
all work; odd job man. 

ROUT (rowt), n. 1. Utter defeat of an army 
or body of troops. 2. Any disorderly flight; 
stampede. [O. Fr. route.] 

ROUT (rowt), vt. [pr.p. ROUT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROUT'ED.] 1. Turn out with the snout, as 
swine ; root. 2. Cut or gouge out, as mold- 
ings, etc. [Variant of ROOT.] 

ROUT (rowt), vt. [pr.p. ROUT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROUT'ED).] Defeat utterly and put to flight. 

ROUT (rowt), n. 1. Tumultuous, disorderly, or 
clamorous crowd; mob. 2. Law. Assemblage 
of three or more persons with intent to com- 
mit an unlawful act, some advances towards 
the accomplishment of which they actually 
make. [O. Fr. route — L. ruptus, p.p. of rumpo, 
break.] 

ROUTE (rot), n. Course to be traversed; a line 
of march; road; track. [Fr. — L. rupta (via) t 
beaten path.] 

ROUTINE (ro-ten'), n. Course of duties; regular 
course of action. [Fr.] 

ROUTING (rowt'ing), n. Act of cutting or 
gouging out a surface. 

ROVE (rov), v. [pr.p. RO'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROVED (rovd).] I. vt. Roam or ramble over 
or through. II. vi. 1. Wander; ramble; 
roam. 2. Have rambling thoughts. [Dut. 
rooven, rob.] 

ROVE (rov), vt. [pr.p. RO'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROVED (rovd).] 1. Draw through an eye or 
aperture. 2. Ravel. [Allied to REEVE.] 

ROVER (ro'ver), n. One who roves or roams 
about. 

ROW (ro), n. Line; persons or things in a line. 
[A. S. raw; Ger. reihe; Sans, rekna line.] 

ROW (ro), v. [pr.p. ROWING; p.t. and p.p. 



fatA fat. task far fall fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
fate, fat, task, far, rali ' ii ! a J e ^g^ tcll g ^ de; oil , ow i, then, hh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



ROW 



948 



RUBIGO 



Contrivance 



ROWED (rod).] I. vt. 1. Impel with an oar. 2. 
Transport by rowing. II. vi. 1. Work with 
the oar. 2. Be moved by oars. [A. S. rowan.] 

ROW (ro), n. Trip taken in a rowboat; a turn at 
the oars. 

ROW (row), n. Noisy squabble; uproar. [Prob. 
from ROUT, rabble.] 

SYN. Affray ; broil ; quarrel ; brawl ; alter- 
cation. 

ROW (row), vi. [pr.p. ROWING; p.t. and p.p. 
ROWED (rowd).] Engage in a row. 

ROWBOAT (ro'bot), n. Boat propelled by row- 
ing. 

ROWDY (row'di), I. a. 
Noisy; turbulent. II. 
n. Ruffian. Rowboat. 

ROWDYISH (row'di- 

ish), a. 1. Disposed to be rowdy. 2. Char- 
acterized by rowdyism. 

ROWDYISM (row'dl-lzm), n. Conduct or beha- 
vior of a rowdy. 

ROWEL (row'el), n. 1. Little wheel in a spur, 
set with sharp points. 2. Little flat wheel or 
ring on horses' bits. [Fr. rouelle — L. L. rotella, 
dim. of L. rota, wheel.] 

ROWEN (row'en), n. 1. Aftermath. 2. Stubble- 
field. 

ROWLOCK (ro'lok or rul'uk), n. 
on the gunwale of a boat, 
to hold the" oar in rowing. 

ROYAL (roi'al), I. a. 1. Regal; 
kingly; magnificent. 2. 
Enjoying the favor or 
patronage of the sovereign. 
II. n. 1. Large kind of paper. 
2. Sail above the topgallant 
sail. 3. One of the soldiers 
of the 1st British regiment 
ef foot. 4. One of the tines 
of a stag's antler. [Fr. — L. 
regalis. See REGAL.] 

ROYALISM (roi'al-izm), n. 
kingly government. 

ROYALIST (roi'al-ist), n. Adherent of royalism. 

ROYALLY (roi'al-i), adv. In a royal manner; 
as becomes a king. 

ROYALTY (roi'al-ti), n. [pi. ROYALTIES 
(roi'al-tiz).] 1. Kingship; character, state, or 
office of a king; majesty. 2. Person of the 
king or sovereign. 3. In England, the fixed 
sum paid to the crown or other proprietor, 
as on the product of a mine, etc. 4. In United 
States, a sum paid by manufacturer or pub- 
lisher to the owner of a patent, copyright or 
other property. 

ROYSTEROUS (roi'ster-us), c. Roistering; 
drunken; riotous. 

RUB (rub), v. [pr.p. RUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
RUBBED (rubd).] I. vt. 1. Move something 
over the surface of, with pressure or friction. 
2. Clean; polish; wipe; scour; erase or beat 
out. 3. Touch hard. II. vi. Move along with 
pressure ; grate ; fret. [Gael.] 




Rowlock. 
Attachment to 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above 



RUB (rub), n. 1. Act of rubbing. 2. That which 
rubs. 3. Collision; obstruction; difficulty; 
pinch. 

RUBADUB (rub'a-dub), n. Sound of a drum 
when beaten; rataplan. [Imitative.] 

RUBASSE (ro-bas'), n. Variety of rock-crystal 
with bright red specks. [Fr. — L. rubeus, red.] 

RUBATO (ro-bato), a. Music. Noting the 
lengthening of one note at the expense of 
another. [It., stolen.] 

RUBBER (ruber), 1. n. 1. Caoutchouc. 2. 
One who or that which rubs; coarse file; 
eraser. 3. Decisive game of a series. 4. Over- 
shoe made of india-rubber (caoutchouc). II. 
a. Made of rubber. 

RUBBER (rub'er), vi. [pr.p. RUBBERING; p.t. 
and p.p. RUBBERED (rub'erd).] 1. Turn the 
head around or crane the neck to see some- 
thing. 2. Pry into the affairs of others; 
eavesdrop. (Slang.) 

RUBBER-NECK (rub'er-nek), n. One who 
rubbers, or goes about prying into things. 
(Slang.) 

RUBBER-NECK (rub'er-nek), vi. [pr.p. RUB- 
BER-NECKING; p.t. and p.p. RUBBER- 
NECKED (rub'er-nekt).] Go about prying into 
things; rubber. (Slang). 

RUBBER-TREE (rub'er-tre), RUBBER-PLANT 
(rub'er-plant), n. 
Any tropical or 
subtropical tree 
or large plant 
yielding rubber or 
caoutchouc, es- 
pecially the Ficus 
elastica of India, 
commonly known 
as theindia-rubber 
tree and grown in 
the United States 
as an ornamental 
exotic. 

RUBBISH (rub'ish), 

n. 1. Waste mat- Rubber-tree. 

ter; debris. 2. Nonsense. 

RUBBLE (rub'l), n. 1. Upper fragmentary de- 
composed matter of a mass of rock. 2. Small, 
undressed stones, or broken bricks, used in 
coarse masonry. 

RUBELLA (ro-bel'a), n. Disease with rose- 
colored wandering eruption; German measles. 
[L. rubellus, reddish.] 

RUBESCENT (ro-bes'ent), a. Tending to a red 
color. [L. rubesco, grow red — ruber, red.] 

RUBICON (ro'bi-kon), n. River, in Central 
Italy, falling into the Adriatic. 

RUBICUND (ro'bi-kund), a. Inclining to red- 
ness; ruddy. 

RUBIFICATION (ro-bi-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 
making red. [L.] 

RUBIGINOUS (ro-bij'i-nus), a. Affected with 
rubigo; mildewed. 

RUBIGO (ro-bi'go), n. Reddish rust on plants, 




ii-1Tin ?, S^>. ine, 7 met - , i llSr: i ni J i J e ' mit ' n5te - not ' mQye < wolf ; mute > hut » Mm * 

I Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



RUBLE 



949 



RUGOSE 



composed of a parasitic fungus; mildew. [L., 
from rubeo, be red.] 

RUBLE (ro'bl), n. Russian monetary unit, 
divided into 100 copecks, worth about 73 cents, 
gold standard. Silver rubles are worth less, 
and paper rubles still less. [Russ. rubli, piece 
cut off.] 

RUBRIC (ro'brik), n. 1. Part of a document 
written in red color, as the title of a statute. 
2. Directions for the service, in Prayer-books, 
formerly in red letters. 3. Ecclesiastical in- 
junction. 4. Flourish after a signature. [L. 
rubrica, red chalk.] 

RUBY (ro'bi), I. n. [pi. RUBIES (ro'biz).] 1. 
Redness. 2. Precious stone of a red color. II. 
a. Red. [Fr. rubis — L. rubeus — ruber, red.] 

RUCHE (rosh), n. Fluffy trimming. [Fr.] 

RUCK (ruk), n. 1. Common manner or run. 
2. Rubbish. (Colloq.) 

RUCTATION (ruk-ta'shun), n. Eructation; 
belching. 

RUCTION (ruk'shun), n. Quarrel; disagree- 
ment; row. [Corrup. of RUPTURE.] 

RUDD (rud), n. Fresh-water fish (Scardinius 
erytJirophihalmus) , of the carp family. 

RUDDER (rud'er), n. Instrument by which a 
ship is steered, which 
originally was an oar 
working at the stern. 
[A.S. r other; Ger. ruder, 
oar; Ice, rcethri.] 

RUDDILY (rud'i-li), adv. 
In a ruddy manner. 

RUDDINESS (rud'i-nes), 
n. Quality or state of 
being ruddy. Rudder. 

RUDDY (rud'i), a. [comp. RUD'DIER; superl. 
RUD'DIEST.] Of the red color of the skin in 
high health. [From root of RED.] 

RUDE (rod), a. Uncultivated; coarse; not in 
good taste. [Fr. — L. rudis.] 

SYN. Rough; raw; unpolished; vulgar; 
uncouth; harsh; severe; boisterous; im- 
pertinent; uncivil; impolite; impudent; 
churlish. ANT. Courteous; civil; polished; 
polite; gentle. 

RUDELY (rod'li), adv. In a rude manner; 
coarsely; roughly. 

RUDENESS (rod'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being rude; coarseness; inelegance. 

RUDIMENT (ro'di-ment), n. Anything in its 
rude or first state; first principle; element. 

RUDIMENT AL (ro-di-mental), RUDIMEN- 
TARY (ro-di-men'ta-ri), a. 1. Elementary; 
undeveloped. 2. Having no function. 

RUE (ro), n. Plant used in medicine, having a 
bitter taste and strong smell. [Fr. rue — L. 
ruta.] 

RUE (ro), v. [pr.p. RU'ING; p.t. and p.p. RUED 
(rod).] I. vt. Grieve for; lament. II. vi. Be 
or become sorrowful; repent. [A. S. hreowan.] 

RUE (ro), n. Regret; sorrow; repentance. 

RUEFUL (ro'fol), a. 1. Causing to rue, lament, 





Ruff (Philomacus 
pugnax). 

■Buffed grouse, 



or grieve. 2. Full of lamentations or mourning. 
RUEFULLY ((ro'fol-i), adv. In a rueful man- 
ner; sorrowfully. 
RUEFULNESS (ro'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being rueful. 
RUFF (ruf), n. European fresh-water fish 

(Acerina cernua), resembling the perch. [From 

ROUGH.] 
RUFF (ruf), n. 1. Ornament of frills, formerly 

worn round the neck. 2. 

Anything plaited. 3. 

Species of wading bird, 

the male of which has 

the neck surrounded in 

breeding season with a 

ruff of long feathers. [Ice. 

rufinn, rough.] 
RUFF( ruf ),*>*. [pr.p.KVFF'- f 

ING; p.t. and p.p. 

RUFFED ( ruf t).] 1. Ruffle. 

2. Trump at whist instead 
of following suit. 

RUFFED (ruft), a. Ruffled.- 
see GROUSE. 

RUFFIAN (ruf'i-an), I. n. Brutal, boisterous 
fellow; robber; murderer. II. a. Brutal; 
boisterous. [Fr. rufien, panderer.] 

RUFFIANISM (ruf'i-an-izm), n. Character or 
conduct of a ruffian. 

RUFFIANLY (ruf'i-an-li), adv. Like a ruffian; 
befitting or becoming a ruffian. 

RUFFLE (ruf'l), v. [pr.p. RUF'FLING; p.t. and 
p.p. RUFFLED (ruf Id.)] I. vt. 1. Make like 
a ruff; wrinkle; form into plaits; form with 
ruffles. 2. Disorder; agitate. II. vi. 1. Grow 
rough. 2. Flutter. [From RUFF.] 

RUFFLE (ruf'l), n. 1. Plaited edge or trimming 
on an article of dress; frill. 2. Agitation. 3. 
Lower roll of the drum. 

RUFFLER (ruf'ler), n. Sewing machine attach- 
ment for making ruffles. 

RUFOUS (ro'fus), a. 1. Reddish; brownish^ 
red. 2. Having reddish hair. [L. rufus.] 

RUG (rug), n. Coarse, rough woolen cloth or 
coverlet; soft, woolly mat; heavy textile cover- 
ing for a floor. [Cf. Sw. rugg, shaggy hair.] 

RUGA (ro'ga), n. [pi. RUGJ; (ro'je).] Crease; 
wrinkle; corrugation. [L.] 

RUGBY (rUg'bi), «. 1. Town, England, on the 
Avon, seat of noted public school. 2. Foot- 
ball game played under Rugby rules. 

RUGGED (rug'ed) a. [comp. RUG'GEDER; superl. 
RUG'GEDEST.] 1. Uneven; shaggy. 2. Stormy. 

3. Grating to the ear. 4. Vigorous. [See RUG.] 
SYN. Robust; rough; austere; severe; 

difficult. ANT. Polished; smooth; refined. 

RUGGEDLY (rug'ed-li), adv. In a rugged man- 
ner; roughly. 

RUGGEDNESS (rug'ed-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being rugged. 

RUGOSE (ro'gos), RUGOUS (rogus), a. Wrin- 
kled; full of wrinkles. [L. rugosus — ruga, 
wrinkle.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, buru, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, lih=ch in Scotch loch. 



RUHMKORFF COIL 



950 



RUN 



In- 



RuBMKORFF COIL (rom'karf koil). Elec. 
duction coil. [After H. D. Buhmkorff.] 

RUIN (ro'in), n. 1. Destruction; overthrow. 2. 
That which destroys. 3. Remains of a build- 
ing demolished or decayed (usually in the 
plural). lO. Fr. ruine — L. ruina, overthrow — 
ruo, fall with violence.] 

RUIN (ro'in), v. [pr.p. RU'INING; p.t. and p.p. 
RUINED (ro'ind).] I. vt. 1. Bring to ruin; 
destroy; demolish; overthrow. 2. Bring to a 
state of poverty; impoverish. II. vi. Inflict 
ruin; work irreparable mischief. [Fr. miner, 
— 31. L. ruino — L. ruina, overthrow.l 

RUINABLE (ro'in-a-bl), a. Subject to ruina- 
tion; capable of being destroyed. 

RUINATION (ro-in-a'shun), n. Act of ruining; 
ruin. 

RUINER (ro'in-er), n. One who ruins. 

RUINIFORM (ro'in-i-farm), a. Having the 
form or aspect of ruin or ruins. 

RUINOUS (ro'in-us), a. 1. Fallen to ruins; 
decayed. 2. Pernicious ; causing ruin. 

RUINOUSLY (ro'in-us-li), adv. In a ruinous 
manner. 

RUINOUSNESS (ro'in-us-nes), n. Character or 
state of being ruinous. 

RULABLE (ro'ia-bl), a. 1. Capable of being 
governed. 2. Allowable. 

RULE (rol), n. 1. Government; control. 2. 
Principle; regulation; standard. 3. Deter- 
minate method for a mathematical operation. 
4. Instrument of wood or metal with a straight 
edge or edges used as guide in drawing lines. 
[O. Fr. reule — L. regula — rego, rule.] 

SYN. Law; precept; guide; government. 

RULE (rol), v. [pr.p. RU'LING; p.t. and p.p. 
RULED (rold).] I. vt. 1. Govern; manage. 
2. Settle or establish by decision. 3. Mark 
with straight lines. II. vi. 1. Exercise power; 
decide. 2. Stand or range, as prices. 

RULER (ro'ler), n. 1. Sovereign; governor. 2. 
Instrument used as guide in drawing lines. 

RULING (ro'ling), a. Predominant; prevailing. 

RUM (rum), n. Spirit distilled from the fer- 
mented juice of the sugar-cane or from 
molasses. [W. Indian word.] 

RUM (rum), a. Odd; queer. (Slang.) 

RUMANIA (ro-ma/ni-a), n. See ROUMANIA. 

RUMBLE (rum'bl), n. Seat for servants behind 
a carriage. [Etym. doubtful.] 

RUMBLE (rum'bl), vi. [pr.p. RUMBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. RUMBLED (rum 'bid).] Make a con- 
fused noise from rolling heavily. [From the 
sound.] 

RUMBLE (rum'bl), n. Low, heavy, continued 
sound. 

.KUMELIA (ro-me'li-a), n. Former name of 
ancient Thrace and Macedonia. — Eastern 
Bumelia, southern portion of Bulgaria. 

RUMEN (ro'men), n. 1. First stomach (paunch) 
of a ruminant, used as human food, together 
with the second stomach or honeycomb, under 
the name of tripe. 2. Cud. [L., gullet.] 




Stomachs of a sheep showing from left 
to right first, second and third stom- 
achs, and rennet bag. 



RUMINANT (ro'mi-nant), I. a. Chewing the 
cud. II. n. 
A n i m a 1 
that chews 
the cud, as 
the ox, 
sheep, etc. 
[L. rumi- 
nans, pr.p. 
of rumino, 
ruminate . ] 

RUMINANTLY (ro'mi-nant-li), adv. After the 
fashion of a ruminant; by or through a process 
of rumination. 

RUMINATE (ro'mi-nat),«. [pr.p.RU'MINATING; 
p.t. and p.p. RUMINATED.] I. vt. 1. Chew 
over again. 2. Muse on. II. vi. 1. Chew the 
cud. 2: Bring up and masticate what has 
previously been swallowed; 3. Figuratively, 
bring back to mind and think over. [L. 
ruminatus, p.p. of rumino, chew the cud, 
ruminate — rumen, throat, gullet.] 

RUMINATINGLY (ro'mi-na-ting-li), adv. In a 
ruminating manner. 

RUMINATION (ro-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act or 
process of chewing the cud. (The food is 
brought back to the mouth by a kind of 
hiccup.) 2. Meditation. 

RUMMAGE (rum'aj), v. [pr.p. RUMMAGING; 
p.t. and p.p. RUMMAGED (rum'ajd).J I. vt. 
Make careful search through; ransack. II. vi. 
Disarrange things in search. [For ROOMAGE.] 

RUMMAGE (rum'aj), n. Act of rummaging. 
— Rummage sale, clearing-out sale of re- 
mainders of stock, etc. 

RU3IOR (ro'mur), n. Flying report; current 
talk. [Fr. rumeur — L. rumor, noise.] 

RUMOR (ro'mur), vt. [pr.p. RUMORING; p.t. 
and p.p. RUMORED (ro'miird).] Circulate 
by report; noise abroad. 

RUMP (rump), n. 1. Hinder end of an animal; 
buttocks. 2. Fag-end or remnant of any- 
thing, especially of the Long Parliament after 
Cromwell in 1648 expelled the majority of 
its members. [Ice. rumpr. Cf. Ger. rumpf, 
trunk.] 

RUMPLE (rum'pl), vt. [pr.p. RUMPLING; p.t. 
and p.p. RUMPLED (rum'pld).] Crush out of 
shape; wrinkle. [A. S. hrympelle.] 

RUMPLE (rum'pl), n. Wrinkle; fold; crease. 

RUMPLY (rum'pli), a. Having rumples; rum- 
pled. 

RUMPUS (rum'pus), n. Disturbance; wrangle. 
(Colloq.) 

RUN (run), v. [pr.p. RUN'NING; p.t. RAN; p.p. 
RUN.] I. vi. 1. Move swiftly; pass quickly on 
the ground. 2. Flee. 3. Go, as ships, etc.; 
have course in any direction. 4. Flow. 5. Dart. 
6. Turn. 7. Extend. 8. Pierce. 9. Melt. 10. 
Be busied. 11. Become. 12. Be in force. 13. 
Discharge matter, as a sore. 14. Press, espe- 
cially for immediate payment. II. vt. 1. 
Cause to move swiftly. 2. Force forward; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



RUN 



951 



RUSH 



push. 3. Cause to pass. 4. Fuse. 5. Dis- 
charge, as a sore. 6. Pursue in thought. 7. 
Incur. [A. S. rinnan.] 

RUN (run), n. 1. Act of running. 2. Course. 3. 
Flow. 4. Discharge from a sore. 5. Distance 
run or sailed. 6. Trip by trainmen from 
one division of a railroad to the next; voyage. 
7. Continued series. 8. General reception. 
9. Prevalence. 10. Popular clamor. 11. 
Unusual pressure, as on a bank, for withdraw- 
ing deposits. 12. Number of copies printed 
at one time. 13. Baseball. Act of making all 
the bases, scoring a point. 14. Golf. Move- 
ment of a ball along the ground after it 
alights. 

RUNABOUT (run'a-bowt), n. 1. Small, light- 
weight automobile, for use in towns or cities, 
or for short-distance rides. 2. Small motor- 
boat. 

RUNAGATE (run'a-gat), n. Vagabond; runa- 
way; renegade. [A corrup. of RENEGADE.] 

RUNAWAY (run'a-wa), I. n. 1. One who runs 
away from danger or restraint; fugitive. 2. 
Truant. II. a. Fleeing from danger or re- 
straint; done by or in flight. 

BUNDLE, RUNDEL (run'dl), n. Round or rung 
of a ladder. [A variation of ROUNDEL.] 

RUNE (ron), n. One of the characters forming 
the earliest alphabet of the Teutonic nations. 
[A. S. run, secret.] 

RUNG (rung), v. Past participle of RING. 

RUNG (rung), n. Round or step of a ladder. 
[A. S. hrung, rod, bar.] 

RUNIC (ro'nik), a. Relating to runes, to the an- 
cient Teu- 
tonic na- 
tions, or to 
their lan-i 
guage. 

RUN-LACE/ 
(run'las), n. 
Lac e em- 
broidered 
with a nee- 
dle on a 
ground of 
regular 
meshes. 

RUNLET (run'let), n. Very small stream of 
water, etc., not so large as a brook. 

RUNN (run), n. In India, a waste tract, as a 
marsh or low ground subject to inundation by 
tide or high water. 

RUNNEL (run'el), n. Small brook. [A. S. rynel, 
running stream (cf. rynel, runner), dim. of 
ryne, stream — rinnan, run.] 

RUNNER (run'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which runs; racer; messenger; in baseball, 
one of the side at bat who has reached or is 
entitled to try to reach a base; in ornithology, 
the Cur sores or running birds; in entomology, 
the running insects or cockroaches. 2. Root- 
ing stem that runs along the ground. 3. 




Runic Writing. 




Indian Runner-ducks. 



Moving stone of a mill. 4. Rope to increase 
the power of a tackle. 5. Part on which a 
skate or sleigh glides. 

RUNNER-DUCK (run'- 
er-duk), n. Small duck, 
noted for egg produc- 
tion; native of East 
India* and so called 
from the fact that it 
runs and does not wad- 
dle like other ducks. 

RUNNING-STRING (run'ing-string), n. Cord 
or tape passed through an open hem at the top 
of a bag for drawing it shut. 

RUNNING-TRAP (run'ing-trap), n. U-shaped 
depressed section of a pipe which remains 
always full of liquid and prevents the passage 
of gases. 

RUNOLOGT (ro-nol'o-ji), n. Study of runes. 

RUNT (runt), n. Dwarfed being. [8c] 

RUNWAY (run'wa), n. Bed of small stream; 
path made by game animals; track. 

RUPEE (ro-pe'), n. E. Indian silver coin, 
nominally worth about 50 cents. [Hind. 
rupiyah — Sans, rupya, silver.] 

RUPERT'S DROP (ro'perts drop). Small 
glass bulb cooled quickly when made. The 
slightest jar will cause it to fly into pieces. 
[So called because Prince Rupert brought the 
first to England.] 

RUPESTRINE (ro-pes'trin), a. Growing or liv- 
ing among or on rocks. [L. rupes, rock.] 

K-UPICAPRA (ro-pi-kap'ra), n. Genus of ante- 
lope; the chamois. [L. rupicapra, chamois — 
rupes, rock, and capra, goat.] 

RUPTURE (rup'tur), n. 1. Act of breaking or 
state of being broken. 2. Breach of peace. 
3. Protrusion of any of the viscera; hernia. 
[L. ruptura — rumpo, ruptum, break.] 

SYN. Breach; disruption; break; frac- 
ture. ANT. Union; suture; fusion. 

RUPTURE (rup'tur), v. [pr.p. RUPTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. RUPTURED (rup'turd).] I. vt. 
1. Part violently; break. 2. Affect with 
rupture or hernia. II. vi. Suffer a breach or 
disruption. 

RURAL (ro'ral), a. Of or belonging to the coun- 
try; suiting the country; rustic; pertaining 
to agriculture. [L. ruralis — rus, ruris, coun- 
try.] 

RURALIZE (ro'ral-iz), v. [pr.p. RURALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. RURALIZED (ro'ral-izd).] I. vt. 
Give a rural character to; render rural. II. vi. 
Live in or go into the country. 

RUSE (roz), n. 1. Act of turning or doubling, 
as of animals to get away from dogs. 2. 
Trick; fraud; artifice; stratagem. [Fr. ruser, 
turn — L. recuso, decline.] 

RUSH (rush), v. [pr.p. RUSHING; p.t. and p.p. 
RUSHED (rusht).] I. vt. 1. Drive or hurry 
forward. 2. Put through with great haste; 
as, to rusft an order. II. vi. 1. Move with a 
rustling noise, as the wind. 2. Move for- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



RUSH 



952 



RYOT 



ward violently. 3. Proceed rashly. 4. Football. 
Act as a rusher. [A. S. hriscan, make a noise.] 

RUSH (rush), I. n. 1. Act of rushing. 2. Un- 
usual amount; as, a rush of business. 3. 
Rough-and-tumble contest. II. a. Charac- 
terized by or requiring haste ; as, a rush order. 

RUSH (rush), n. Plant with a round stem and 
no leaves, common on wet ground, and used 
for bottoming chairs, etc. [A. S. risce — L. 
ruscum.] 

RUSHER (rush'er), n. 1. One who rushes. 2. 
Football. Any one of the seven men who form 
the forward line in a game. 

RUSHLIGHT (rush/lit), n. Tallow candle with 
a rush wick. 

RUSH-LILY (nrsh'lil-i), n. North American 
plant of the blue-eyed grass (Sisyrinchium 
grandiflorum) with golden flowers. 

RUSK (rusk), n. Kind of light soft cake or 
sweet biscuit. [Sp. rosea, screw.] 

a. Russian. II. n. 1. Lan- 
Russians. 2. A Russian or 
[Fr. Russe.] 

RUSSET (rus'et), I. a. 1. Rusty ; reddish-brown. 
2. Coarse ; rustic. II. n. 1. Coarse home- 
spun dress. 2. Kind of apple; russeting. 
[Dim. of Fr. rousse — L. russus, red.] 

RUSSETING (rus'et-ing), n. Apple of a russet 
color and rough skin. 

RUSSIA (rush'a), n. Empire in Europe and 
Asia. Area 8,660,395 sq. m. 

Russian (rush 'an), i. a. 

Pertaining to Russia, its 
inhabitants, or their lan- 
guage. II. n. 1. Inhabi- 
tant of Russia. 2. Language 
of Russia. 
RuSSOPHILE (rus'6-fil), I. a. 
Loving the Russians; favor- 
ing their ways. II. n. One 
who loves the Russians, or 
favors Russian principles or 
policy. [Fr. — N. L. Russus, 
a Russian, and Gr. phileo, Alexander II. (Nic- 
olaevich), Emperor 
of Russia.Born 1818 



RUSS (rus), I. 
guage of the 
the Russians. 




love.] 



USSOPHOBIA (rus-6-fo'bi died 1881. 

a), n. Fear or hate of Russia 
or Russians or Russian methods or policy. 
[N. L. Russus, a Russian, and Gr. phobos — 
phobed, fear.] 

RUST (rust), n. 1. Reddish-brown coating on 
iron exposed to moisture. 2. Disease of cereals 
and grasses, showing itself in brown or orange 
spots on the leaves, caused by small fungi. 
3. Any injurious accretion. [A. S.] 

RUST (rust), v. [pr.p. RUSTING; p.t. and p.p. 
RUSTED.] I. vt. Make rusty ; impair by time 
and inactivity. II. vi. 1. Become rusty. 2. 
Become dull by inaction. 

RUSTIC (rus'tik), a. 1. Pertaining to the coun- 
try; rural. 2. Rude; awkward. 3. Simple; 
coarse; made of rough limbs and roots. II. 
n. Countryman. [L. rusticus — rus, country.] 



RUSTICALLY (rus'tik-al-i), adv. In a rustic way. 

RUSTICATE (rus'ti-kat), v. [pr.p. RUS'TICA- 

TING; p.t. and p.p. RUS'TTCATED.] I. vt. 1. 

Send into the country. 2. Banish for a time 

from a town or college. II. vi. Live in the 

country. 
RUSTICITY (rus-tis'i-ti), n. Rustic manners. 

[Fr. rusticite.] 
RUSTINESS (rust'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being rusty. 
RUSTLE (rus'l), vi. [pr.p. RUS'TLING; p.t. and 

p.p. RUSTLED (rus 'Id).] 1. Make a soft, 

whispering sound, as silk, straw, etc. 2. 

Move with a rustling sound. 3. Stir about or 

work with energy and perseverance ; haste. •>. 

Steal cattle. [Freq. of Sw. rusta, stir.] 
RUSTLE (rus'l), n. Noise made by rustling; a 

rustling. 
RUSTLER (rus'ler), n. 1. One who or that 

which rustles. 2. One who steals cattle and 

puts his own brand on them; cattle-thief. 
RUSTLING (rus'ling), n. Quick succession of 

small sounds, as of dry leaves. 
RUSTY (rust'i), a. [comp. RUST'IER; superl. 

RUSTIEST.] 1. Covered with rust. 2. Im- 
paired by inactivity; dull. 
RUT (rut), n. Track left by a wheel. [Fr. route, 

See ROUTE.] 
RUT (rut), vt. [pr.p. RUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

RUT'TED.] Form ruts in. 
RUT (rut), n. 1. Sexual excitement, as of deer. 

2. Roaring of the sea, as it breaks upon the 

shore. [Fr. rut — L. rugitus t roaring.] 
RUT (rut), vi. [pr.p. RUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

RUT'TED.] Be under sexual excitement; 

said especially of deer. 
RUTABAGA (ro-ta-ba'ga), 
RUTHLESS (roth'les), a. 

sensible to misery ; cruel, 

RUE, v.] 
RUTHLESSLY (roth'les-li), adv. In a ruthless 

manner. 
RUTHLESSNESS (roth'les-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being ruthless. 
RUTILANT (ro'ti-lant), a. Redly glittering or 

glowing; shining. [Fr. — L. rutilans, pr.p. of 

rutilo, be red.] 
RUTTY (rut'i), a. [comp. 

RUT'TIER; superl. RUT'- 

TIEST.] Full of ruts; cut 

into ruts by wheels; as, a 

rutty road. 
RYE (ri), n. Cereal grass 

(Secale cereale), allied to 

wheat. [A. S. ryge, akin to 

Dut. rogge, and Ger. roggen.] 
RYEGRASS (ri'gras), n. Va- 
riety of grass like rye cul- 
tivated for pasture and Rye (Secale ce / eaU ^ 

fodder. 
RYOT (ri'ut), n. Hindu peasant, especially one 

holding land as a cultivator of the soil. [Ar. 

raaya, pasture.] 



n. Swedish turnip. 
Without pity; in- 
[Obs. RUTH, pity — 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



953 



SACKING 




(es), n. [pi. S's (es'ez).] Nine- 
teenth letter and fifteenth con- 
sonant of the English alphabet. 
It has two sounds, one surd, 
or uttered with breath merely, 
the other sonant or voiced. 
The first is a mere hissing 
sound, as in sift; the other is 
exactly the same as that of 
2, as in muse. In some words s is silent, as 
In isle, island, viscount, 
SAALBAND (zal'band), n. Geol, Narrow outer 
border of a crystalline texture, occurring in a 
dike of igneous rock, produced by the chilling 
effect of the walls upon the original molten 
mass. [Ger. saalband, selvage.] 
SAALE (sa'le), n. River, Germany, rises in 

Bavaria, flows N. 226 m. to the Elbe. 
SABAOTH (saba-oth or sa-ba'6th), n.pl. Arm- 
ies; hosts. [Heb. tsebaoth, pi. of tsaba, army — 
tsaba, go forth.] 
SABBATARIAN (sab-a-ta'ri-an), I. n, 1. One 
who observes the seventh day of the week as 
the Sabbath. 2. Very strict observer of the 
Sabbath. II. a. Pertaining to the Sabbath or 
to Sabbatarians. 
SABBATH (sab'ath), n, 1. Among the Jews, 
the seventh day of the week, set apart for 
rest from work. 2. Among Christians, the 
first day of the week, made sacred in memory 
of the resurrection of Christ. 3. Among the 
ancient Jews, the seventh year, when the 
land was left fallow. — Sabbath day's journey, 
among the Jews, a distance of two-thousand 
cubits, or somewhat less than a mile. [Heb. 
Shabbath, rest.] 

Sabbatic (sab-batik), Sabbatical (sab- 

bat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or resembling 
the Sabbath; enjoying, or bringing, rest. 

SABER, SABRE (saber), n. Heavy one-edged 
sword, slightly curved towards the 
point, used by cavalry. — Saber knot, 
a knotted cord or tassel used to 
support the scabbard of a saber or 
sword. [Fr. sabre,] 

SABER, SABRE (sa'ber), vt, [pr,p, SA'- 
BERING, SABRING; p,t, ' and p.p. 
SABERED, SABRED (sa/berd).] 
Wound or kill with a saber. 

SABIANISM (sa'bi-an-izm), SABAISM 
(sa/ba-izm), n. Ancient Chaldean 
religion, consisting principally in 
star-worship, [Heb. tsaba, army, 
host.] 

SABICU (sab-i-ko'), n. Kind of ma- 
hogany (Lysiloma sabicu), the so- 
called horse-flesh mahogany. [Cu- 
ban.] 

SABINE (sa'bin), I. a. Of or pertain- Saber and 
ing to the Sabines. II. n. One of a Jfaber 
people of the Appenine mountains in 
Italy from whom the early Romans, according 
to tradition, took wives by force. [L. Sabinus.] 



SABLE (sa'bl), I. n. 
kind found in N. 
Europe and N. 
Asia, valuable for 
its glossy dark 
brown fur. 2. Its 
fur. II. a, 1. The 
color of the sa- 
ble's fur; dark. 2. 
Black. 3. Made 



1. Animal of the marten 




M£j&&?* 



Sable (Mustella zibellina). 



of the fur of the sable. [O. Fr. — Russ. sobol.] 

SABOT (sa-bo')» n. Wooden shoe. [Fr.] 

SABRE, v, and n. Same as SABER. 

SABRETACHE (sa'ber-tash), n. Ornamental 
leather case worn by hussars, suspended from 
the sword-belt. [Fr. sabre, saber, and Ger. 
tasche, pouch.l 

SAC (sak), n. Sack or bag for a liquid; mem- 
branous cavity or pouch. [Fr. form of SACK, 
bag.] 

SACCHARINE (sak'a-rin), a. Pertaining to, or 
having the quality of, or producing, sugar. 
{Fr. saccharin — L. saccharon, sugar.] 

SACCHAROMETER (sak-a-rom'e-ter), n. In- 
strument for measuring the quantity of 
saccharine matter in a liquid. [Gr. sakcharon, 
sugar, and metron, measure.] 

SACERDOTAL (sas-er-do'tal), a. Of or per- 
taining to priests or priesthood; priestly. [Fr. 
— L. sacerdotalis,] 

SACERDOTALISM (sas-er-do'tal-izm), n. Spirit 
of the priesthood; devotion to priestly in- 
terests. 

SACHEM (sa'chem), n. Head in civil affairs of 
a N. American Indian tribe, the chief being 
leader in war. 

SACHET (sa-sha')» n. Small ornamental bag 
containing perfume in the form of powder; 
scent-bag. [Fr., dim. of sac, bag.] 

SACK (sak), n, 1. Large bag of coarse cloth, 
for holding grain, flour, etc. 2. Contents of 
a sack. 3. Loose upper garment or cloak; 
sacque. [A. S. sacc] 

SACK (sak), vt, [pr.p. SACK'ING; p.t, and p.p. 
SACKED (sakt).] 1. Put into a sack or bag. 
2. Dismiss from employment. (Slang.) 

SACK (sak), n, 1. Act of pillaging a town or 
city. 2. Booty; plunder; spoil. [Fr. sac — L. 
saccus, sack — probably from use of a sack 
in removing plunder.] 

SACK (sak), vt, [pr.p, SACK'ING; p,U and p.p. 
SACKED (sakt).] Storm and destroy; pillage; 
plunder; said of a town or city. 

SACK (sak), n. Old name of dry Spanish wines, 
as sherry. [O. E. seek — Fr. sec, dry.] 

SACKBUT (sak'but), n. Kind of medieval trom- 
bone. [Fr. saquebute, of uncertain origin.] 

SACKCLOTH (sak'klath), n. 1. Cloth for sacks. 
2. Coarse cloth formerly worn in mourning or 
for penance. 

SACKING (sak'ing), n. 1. Cloth of which sacks 
are made. 2. Coarse cloth or canvas that 
supports a bed. 



I 



fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
lute, t«w uta*. i*i, i*"j._ tf {nseotcfc gude; ii, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



SACKING 



954 



SAFETY 



SACKING (sak'ing), n. Storming and pillaging 
of a town. 

SACQUE (sak), n. Loose upper garment with 
sleeves, especially one worn by women. Also 
spelled sack. 

SACRAMENT (sak'ra-ment), w. Solemn relig- 
ious rite in the Christian Church; especially 
the Lord's Supper. [L. L. sacramentum — L. 
sacer, sacred.] 

SACRAMENTAL (sak-ra-men'tal), a. Of or 
pertaining to a sacrament. 

SACRAMENTALLY (sak-ra-men'tal-i), adv. In 
or after the manner of a sacrament. 

SACRED (sa'kred), a. 1. Dedicated to religion 
or God. 2. Proceeding from God. 3. Entitled 
to respect or veneration; inviolable. [O. E. 
sacred, p.p. of sacre, consecrate — L. sacer, 
sacred, holy.] 

STN. Holy; hallowed; consecrated; di- 
vine; sanctified. ANT. Unholy; profane. 

SACRIFICE (sak'ri-fis), n. 1. Act of sacrifi- 
cing. 2. That which is sacrificed. 3. Volun- 
tary loss for some purpose. [L. sacrificium — 
sacer, sacred, and facio, make.] 

SACRIFICE (sak'ri-fiz), v. [pr.p. SACRIFICING; 
p.t. and p.p. SACRIFICED (sak'ri-fizd).] I. vt. 
1. Offer up, especially on the altar of a divin- 
ity. 2. Destroy or give up for something else. 
3. Kill. II. vi. Make offerings to God. 

SACRIFICIAL (sak-ri-fish'al), a. Relating to or 
consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice. 
[L. sacrificialis.] 

SACRILEGE (sak'ri-lej), n. Profanation of a 
sacred place or thing. [L. sacrilegium — sacer, 
sacred, and lego, steal.] 

SACRILEGIOUS (sak-ri-le'jus), a. 1. Guilty of 
sacrilege. 2. Profane; impious. 

SACRILEGIOUSLY (sak-ri-le'jus-li), adv. In a 
sacrilegious manner. 

SACRILEGIOUSNESS (sak-ri-le'jus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being sacrilegious. 

SACRAMENTO (sak-ra-men'to), n. Capital of 
California, on Sacramento River. 

SACRISTAN (sak'ris-tan), n. Officer in a church 
in charge of the sacred vessels, etc.; sexton. 
[L. L. sacristanus.] 

SACRISTY (sak'ris-ti), n. Room in a church 
where the sacred utensils, vestments, etc., are 
kept; vestry. [L. L. sacristia.] 

SACRUM (sa'krum), n. [pi. SACRA (sa'kra).] 
Triangular compound bone of the spine above 
the coccyx, supporting the whole bony frame- 
work of the body above it. [L. neut. of sacer, 
sacred.] 

SAD (sad), a. [comp. SAD'DER; superl. SAD'- 
DEST.] 1. Cast down; gloomy. 2. Causing 
grief. [A. S. seed, sated, weary; cf. Ger. satt.] 

SYN. Calamitous; gloomy; sorrowful; 
mournful; dejected; depressed; downcast; 
melancholy. ANT. Cheerful; joyous; gay. 

SADDEN (sad'n), v. [pr.p. SAD'DENING; p.t. and 
p.p. SADDENED (sad'nd).] I. vt. Make sad. 
II. vi. Grow sad. 




SADDLE (sad'l), n. 1. Seat or pad for a rider, 
generally of leather, for 
a horse's back. 2. Any- 
thing like a saddle, as 
a saddle of mutton (the 
two loins undivided) . 
[A. S. sadel.] 
SADDLE (sad'l), vt. [pr.p. 
SAD'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SADDLED (sad 'Id).] 
1. Put a saddle on. 2. 
Place a burden on; 
load; burden. 
SADDLE-BACK (sad'l- 
bak), n. Mountain or 
hill with saddle-shaped 
summit. 

SADDLE-BAGS (sad'l- 
bagz), n.pl. Pair of 
bags or pouches united 
by straps, for carrying 
on horseback. McClellan Saddle. 

SADDLER (sad'ler), n. One whose occupation 
is to make saddles. 

SADDLERY (sad'ler-i), n. [pi. SAD'DLERIES.] 
1. Occupation of a saddler. 2. Material for 
saddles. 3. Articles sold by a saddler. 

SADDLE-TREE (sad'1-tre), n. Frame forming 
the support of a saddle, usually made of 
wood. 

SADDUCEAN (sad-u-se'an), a. Of or relating 
to the Sadducees. 

SADDUCEE (sad'u-se), n. One of a Jewish 
party who denied the resurrection, the exist- 
ence of spirits, and a future state. [Gr. Sad- 
doukaios — Heb. Zedukim.] 

SAD-IRON (sad'i-urn), n. Smoothing or flat- 
iron. [SAD, heavy, and IRON.] 

SADLY (sad'li), adv. 1. In a sad manner. 2. 
In a poor condition. 

SADNESS (sad'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
sad. 

SAENGERFEST (seng'er-fest), n. Singing fes- 
tival. [Ger.] 

SAFE (saf), I. a. 1. Unharmed. 2. Free from 
danger or injury; secure; securing from dan- 
ger or injury. 3. No longer dangerous. II. 
n. 1. Chest or closet for money, generally of 
iron. 2. Chest or cupboard for provisions. 
[Fr. sauf — L. salvus, whole.] 

SAFE-CONDUCT (saf-kon'dukt), n. Passport, 
or guard, granted to a person, to enable him 
to travel with safety. 

SAFEGUARD (saf'gard), vt. [pr.p. SAFE- 
GUARDING; p.t. and p.p. SAFEGUARDED.] 
Guard; render safe; protect. 

SAFEGUARD (saf'gard), n. He who or that 
which guards or renders safe; protection. 

SAFELY (saf 'li), adv. In a safe manner. 

SAFENESS (saf'nes), n. Quality or state of be- 
ing safe. 

SAFETY (saf'ti), n. 1. Exemption from danger, 
injury, or loss. 2. Quality of making safe or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



SAFETY-BICYCLE 



955 



SAILOR 



secure ; safeness. 3. Preservation from escape; 
close custody. 4. Safety-bicycle. 

SAFETY-BICYCLE (saf'ti-bl-si-kl), n. Bicycle 
having low wheels of equal diameter. 

SAFETY-FUSE (saf'ti-fuz), n. Waterproof 
woven tube inclosing an inflammable sub- 
stance which burns at a regular rate. 

SAFETY-LAMP (saf'ti-lamp), n. Lamp sur- 
rounded by wire-gauze, to prevent explosion 
of gases. 

SAFETY-MATCH (saf'ti-mach), n. Match which 
will light only on being rubbed on a specially 
prepared substance. 

SAFETY-PIN (saf'ti-pin), n. Pin used for 
fastening clothing and having its point fitting 
into a kind of sheath. 

SAFETY-VALVE (saf'ti-valv), «. Valve in the 
top of a steam-boiler, which lets out the 
steam when the pressure becomes too great 
for safety. 

SAFFRON (saf'run), I. n. 1. Bulbous plant of 
the crocus kind with deep-yellow flowers. 2. 
Coloring substance prepared from its flowers. 
II. a. Having the color of saffron; deep yel- 
low. [Fr. safran — Ar. za'faran.] 

SAG (sag), v. [pr.p. SAG'GEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SAGGED (sagd).] I. vt. Cause to drop or sink 
in the middle. II. vi. 1. Drop or sink in the 
middle. 2. Hang or incline to one side; as, 
the dress sags. 3. Naut. Incline to the lee- 
ward. [Sw. sacfca, settle, sink down.] 

SAG (sag), n. Act or state of sagging. 

SAGA (sa'ga), n. Scandinavian legend. [Ice.] 

SAGACIOUS (sa-ga'shus), a. Quick in percep- 
tion or thought; discerning and judicious; 
wise. [L. sagax.] 

SAGACIOUSLY (sa-ga'shus-li), adv. In a saga- 
cious manner. 

SAGACIOUSNESS (sa-ga'shus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being sagacious. 

SAGACITY (sa-gas'i-ti), n. Acute, practical 
judgment; shrewdness. 

SAGAMORE (sag'a-mor), n. Indian chief; 
sachem. [Am. Ind.] 

SAGE (saj), n. Aromatic garden herb, so called 
from its supposed healing virtue. [Fr. sauge — 
L. salvia — salvus, healing.] 

SAGE (saj), I. a. Discriminating; wise; well- 
judged. II. n. Wise man. [Fr — L. sapius, 
wise.] 

SAGE-BRUSH (saj'brush), n. Low perennial 
shrubby plant (Artemisia frigida), growing 
wild on the elevated plains of the western 
United States. Also called wild sage and worm- 
wood sage. 

SAGE-COCK (saj'kok), n. Male of the sage- 
grouse. Called also cock-of-tJie-plains. 

SAGE-GROUSE (saj'grows), rn. Largest of the 
American grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) , 
frequenting the sage-brush plains from British 
Columbia to New Mexico. 

SAGE-HEN (saj 'hen), n. Female of the sage- 
grouse. 



Of or like an arrow. 



The Archer: 




Sagittarius. 



SAGITTAL (saj'i-tal), a. 
[L. sagitta, arrow.] 

Sagittarius (saj-i-tan-us), 

one of the signs of the zodi- 
ac. [L., from sagitta, arrow.] 

SAGO (sa'go), n. Granulated 
starch produced from the r 
pith of several palms in the 
E. India Islands, etc., used 
for food. [Papuan name for 
the sago-palm.] 

SAHARA ( sa-ha/ra) , n. Great 
desert region of N. Africa. 

SAHIB (sa'ib), n. Title of respect used by natives 
of India and Persia in addressing or alluding 
to Europeans. [Hind, and Ar„ master.] 

SAID (sed), I. v. Past tense and past participle 
of SAY. II. a. Aforesaid; above-mentioned. 

SAIGON (sl-gon'; Fr. sa-gong') s n. Capital of 
French Cochin China. 

SAIL (sal), n. 1. Sheet of canvas, etc., spread 
to catch the wind, by which a ship is driven 
forward. 2. Ship or ships. 3. Trip in a vessel. 
[A. S. segl.] 

SAIL (sal), v. [pr.p. SAEL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SAILED (said).] I. vt. 1. Pass or move over 
upon, as in a ship or boat. 2. Guide on the 
water;- navigate. II. vi. 1. Be moved by sails. 
2. Go by water. 3. Begin a voyage. 4. Glide 
or float smoothly along. 5. Lawn-tennis. 
Rise after crossing the net; said of a ball. 

SAILCLOTH (sal'klath), n. Strong cloth for 
sails. 

SAILER (sal'er), n. He who or that which sails. 

SAILING (sal'ing), n. 1. Act of sailing. 2. Mo- 
tion of a vessel on water. 3. Art of directing 
a ship's course. 

SAILING VESSEL (sal'ing ves'el). Vessel pro- 
pelled by the force of the wind acting upon 
sails. 



iik iiiiii ,ss 



~ : &MM£ 



Rigs of Sailing Vessels. 

1. Ship. 2. Bark. 3. Barkentine. 4. Three-masted schooner. 5. Six- 
masted schooner. 6. Brig. 7. Hermaphrodite Brig. 8. Topsail 
schooner. 9. Two-masted schooner. 10. Sloop. 

SAILOR (sal'ur), n. One who sails in, or navi- 
gates, a ship; seaman. 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" vl-u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



SAINFOIN 



956 



SALIC 



SAINFOIN (san'foin), n. Leguminous fodder- 
plant. [Fr. sain, wholesome, and foin, hay.] 

SAINT (sant), n. 1. Sanctified or holy person. 
2. One eminent for goodness or piety. 3. One 
of the blessed in heaven. 4. One canonized 
by the Roman Catholic Church. [Fr. — L. 
sancUiS, holy.] 

SAINT (sant), vt. [pr.p. SAINT 'ING; p.t. andp.p. 
SAINT'ED.] Enroll among the saints; can- 
onize. 

St. AUGUSTINE (sant a'gus-ten). Town on 
E. coast of Florida, oldest in the United States. 

St. BERNARD (sant ber-nard'). Pass in Alps, 
between Piedmont and Valais. 

St. CLAIR (santklar) RlVER. Between Canada 
and Michigan, outlet of Lake Huron. 

SAINTED (sant'ed), a. 1. Made a saint. 2. Holy; 
sacred. 3. Gone to heaven. 

St. ElIAS (sant e-li'as). Mountain, Alaska. 
Altitude, 18,010 feet. 

St. ELMO'S FIRE (sant el'moz fir). Same as 
ELMO'S FIRE; corposant. 

St. GoTHARD (sant goth'ard). Mountain in 
Switzerland. Tunnel 9j m. long. 

St. HELENA (sant hel-e'na) . Island, S. Atlantic. 
Area 47 sq. miles. 

St. JOHNS (sant jonz). Capital of Newfound- 
land. 

St. LAWRENCE (sant la'rens) RlVER. Be- 
tween U. S. and Canada, outlet of great 
American lakes. 

SATNTLINESS (sant'li-nes), n. Quality of being 
saintly. 

St. LOUTS (sant 16'is). City in Missouri, on the 
Mississippi River. 

SAINTLY (sant'li), a. Having the nature or 
aspect of a saint; such as becomes a saint. 

St. MlCHAEL (santmi'kel). Seaport, Alaska, 
on Bering Sea, at mouth of Yukon. 

St. PAUL (sant pal). Capital of Minnesota, on 
the Mississippi River. 

St. PETERSBURG (sant pe'terz-burg). Capital 
of Russia, near mouth of the Neva. 

St. THOMAS (sant tom'as). Island, Danish W a 
Indies. A.rea 33 sq. m. 

St. VlNCENT (sant vin'sent). Island, British 
W. Indies. Area 132 sq. m. 

SAKE (sak'e), n. Rice wine, a Japanese beverage 
made by a peculiar process of fermentation, 
its alcoholic strength being developed from 
the sugar in the starch contained in the rice. 
[Jap.] 

SAKE (sak), n. Cause; as, for my sake; purpose; 
as, for the sake of something. [A. S. sacu, 
strife — sacan, strive; cf. Ger. sache, affair.] 

SAKIEH (sak'i-e), SAKIA (sak'i-a), n. Wheel 
used in Egypt for raising water for irrigation 
purposes. 

SALAAM, SALAM (sa-lam'), n. Word of saluta- 




Giant Salamander {Sieboldia 

maximus) . 



tion, or very low obeisance, in the Orient, 
among Mohammedans. [Ar. salam, peace.] 

SALABLE, SALEABLE (sa'la-bl), a. That may 
be sold; in good demand. 

SALACIOUS (sa-la'shus), a. Lustful; lecherous. 
[L. salax — salio, leap.] 

SALAD (sal'ad), n. 1. Raw herbs cut up and 
seasoned with salt, vinegar, etc. 2. Any dish, 
as of chicken, similarly prepared. [Fr. salade 
— It. salata, salted.] 

SALAMANCA (sal-a-man'ka), n. City in Spain. 

SALAMANDER (sal'a-man-der), n. Amphibious 
reptile allied 
to the lizard, 
once supposed 
able to live in 
fire. [Gr. sal- 
amandra.] 

SAL-AMMONI- 
AC ( sal-am- 
mo 'ni-ak), ro. 
Chloride of 
ammonium, a 
salt of a sharp, 
acrid taste. 
[L. sal. salt, 
and AMMO- 
NIAC] 

SALARIED (sal'a-rid), a. Receiving a salary. 

SALARY (sal'a-ri), n. [pi. SALARIES (sal'a-riz).] 
Recompense for services ; wages. [L. salarium, 
money given to Roman soldiers for salt — sal, 
salt. Cf. the expression worth one's salt.] 

SALARY (sal'a-ri), vt. [pr.p. SAL' ARYING; p.t. 
and p.p. SALARIED (sal'a-rid).] Pay by 
salary; pay a salary to. 

SALE (sal), n. 1. Act of selling; exchange of 
anything for money or its equivalent. 2. Power 
or opportunity of selling; demand. 3. Public 
showing of goods to sell; offering of goods at a 
reduced price. .4. Auction. [Ice. and O. Ger. 
sola. See SELL.] 

SALEM (sa'lem), n. City and seaport, Massa- 
chusetts. 

SALEM (sa'lem), n. Capital of Oregon, on the 
Willamette River. 

SALEP (sal'ep), n. Dried tubers of the Orchis 
mascula; drug prepared from them. [Ar.] 

SALERATUS (sal-e-ra'tus), n. Carbonate of 
soda, used in cooking. [L. sal, salt, and 
aeratus, aerated.] 

SALESMAN (salz'man), n. [pi. SALES'MEN.] 
Man who sells goods. 

SALESMANSHIP (salz'man-ship), n. Art of 
selling; skill in effecting sales. 

SALESWOMAN (salz'wom-an), w. [pi. SALES- 
WOMEN (salz'wim-en).] Woman who sells 
goods. 

SALE WORK (sal'wurk), n. Thing made only 
to sell, hence, made badly. 

SALIAN (sa'li-an), a. Of, or pertaining to, the 
Salii (priests of Mars) in ancient Rome. 

SALIC (sal'ik), a. According or pertaining to a 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=<tfi in Scotch loch. 



SALIC IN 



957 



SALMON 



law of the Salii, a tribe of Franks, excluding 
women from inheritance, or succession to the 
throne. 

SALICIN (sali-sin), n. Chem. Bitter, white, 
crystalline compound obtained from the bark 
and leaves of certain willows and poplars; 
used In medicine as a substitute for salicylic acid 
as a remedy for rheumatism. [L. salix, willow.] 

SALICYLIC ( sal-is -il'ik), a. Derived from the 
willow. — Salicylic acid, white crystalline com- 
pound with a sweetish-sour taste, existing 
ready-formed in several plants, and obtained 
synthetically from phenol; used as an anti- 
septic and as a remedy for rheumatism. [L. 
salix, willow.] 

SALIENT (sa'li-ent), a. 1. Leaping or spring- 
ing. 2. Projecting outwards, as an angle. 3. 
Conspicuous; striking; prominent. 4. Geom. 
Denoting any angle less than two right angles. 
[L. saliens.] 

SALIENTLY (sa'li-ent-li), adv. In a salient 
manner. 

SALIFEROUS (sa-lif'er-us), a. Producing or 
bearing salt. [L. sal, salt, and fero, bear.] 

SALIFIABLE (sal'i-fi-a-bl), a. Capable of being 
salifled. 

SALIFICATION (sal-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 
salifying or state of being salifled. 

SALIFT (sal'i-fl), vt. [pr.p. SALIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. SALIFEED (sal'i-fid).] Form into a 
salt by combining with an acid. [L. sal, salt, 
and facio, make.] 

SALINE (sa'lin or sa-lin'), I. a. Consisting of, 
or containing, salt; partaking of the qualities 
of salt. II. n. Salt-spring. [L. salinus — sal, 
salt.] 

SALINENESS (sa'lin-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being saline. 

SALINITY (sa-lini-ti), n. 1. State of being 
saline. 2. Degree of being salt or saline. 

SALINOMETER (sal-i-nom'e-ter), n. Apparatus 
for indicating the density of brine, in the 
boilers of marine steam-engines, etc. [SA- 
LINE, and Gr. metron, measure.] 

SALIVA (sa-li'va), n. Fluid secreted by the 
salivary glands, and serving to moisten the 
mouth and tongue; it contains a digestive 
ferment. [L.] 

SALIVAL (sa-li'val), SALIVARY (sal'i-va-ri), a. 
Pertaining to, secreting, or containing, saliva. 

SALIVATE (sal'i-vat), vt. [pr.p. SAL IVATING; 
p.t. and p.p. SALIVATED.] Produce an ab- 
normal amount of saliva in. 

SALIVATION (sal-i-va'shun), n. Act or process 
of salivating; abnormally abundant secretion 
and flow of saliva. 

SALLOW (sal'o), n. Tree or low shrub of the 
willow kind. [A. S. sealh.] 

SALLOW (sal'o), a. Of a yellowish color; brown- 
ish-yellow ; unhealthy-looking. [A. S. salo.] 

SALLOWNESS (sal'6-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sallow. 

SALLY (sal'i), n. [pi. SALLIES (sal'iz).] 1. A 



rushing or bursting forth. 2. Sudden rushing 
forth of troops to attack besiegers. 3. Excur- 
sion. 4. Outburst of fancy, wit, etc. 5. Levity; 
wild gayety; escapade. [Fr. saillie — L. salio, 
leap.] 

SALLY (sal'i), vi. [pr.p. SALLYING; p.t. and 
p.p. SALLIED (sal 'id).] 1. Leap or rush out; 
specifically, rush out suddenly, as a body of 
troops from a besieged place; make a sally. 
2. Spring or issue ; as, the sallying spring. 

SALLY-LUNN (sal-li-lun'), n. Kind of sweet bun 
or tea-cake, larger than a muffin. It is toasted 
and eaten hot with butter. [From Sally Lunn, 
a young woman who sold such buns in the 
streets of Bath, England, at the end of the 
eighteenth century.l 

SALLY-PORT (sal'i-port), n. Port, gate, or pas- 
sage by which a garrison may make a sally. 

SALMAGUNDI (sal-ma-gun'di), n. 1. Mixture 
of chopped meat and other ingredients. 2. 
Medley; mixture. [Fr. salmigondis. Perhaps 
from tautological It. salami conditi — salami, 
salt meats, and conditi, seasonedo] 

SALMON (sam'un), n. 1. Fish of the genus 
(SaZmojespecially 

Salmo salar, im- ■*$0>- L -"^~ ' . ""IVlJ 
portant on ac- 
count of its 
abundance and 
its rich delicious 
flavor. It is 
found about the 
mouths and es- „ . ^ „ . ,_ 

+„ a „w «* „+ Quinnat Salmon (Oncorhynchus 

tuanes of great tschawytscha), adult and young J 
rivers in all the forms 

northern parts of America, Europe, and Asia. 2. 
Fish of the genus Oncorhynchus, of which there 





Silver Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) 



are five species, called collectively Pacific 
salmon, abundant on the Pacific coast of 
America. The most important species is 
the quinnat or king salmon (Oncorhynchus 
tschawytscha) , which attains a weight of 70 
to 100 pounds, and is so abundant that about 
30,000,000 pounds of them are taken annually 
in the Columbia River alone. The chief sal- 
mon-packing port is at Astoria, Oregon, at the 
mouth of the Columbia River, where numer- 
ous canneries are located. [O. Fr. saumon, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
vl—u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



SALMON 



958 



SALUTE 



saulmon — L. salmonem, accus. of salmo, sal- 
mon — salio, leap.] 

SALMON (sam'un), SALMON-COLOR (sam'un- 
kul-er), n. Color of the flesh of the salmon, 
a pinkish orange color. 

SALMON-TROUT (sam'un-trowt), n. 1. Sea- 
trout of northern Europe. It attains a length 
of about three feet, its flesh is pink and richly 
flavored. 2. Great lake-trout of North 
America (Salvelinus namaycush). 

SALMON-WHEEL (sam'un-hwel), n. Large 
undershot water-wheel provided with wire 
scoop-nets, which face down-stream and 
seize the salmon as they come swimming up- 
stream and tumble them into a receptacle on 
shore. See cut under WHEEL. 

SALON (sa-lang')» n. 1. Apartment for the re- 
ception of company. 2. Fashionable assem- 
bly. 3. Exhibition of paintings. [Fr.] 

SALOON (sa-16n')> n. 1. Spacious and elegant 
apartment for the reception of company, etc. 
3. Main cabin. 3. Grog shop; barroom. [Fr. 
salon — salle — O. Ger. sal, dwelling.] 

SALOOP (sa-16p')» n. Sassafras tea, with sugar 
and milk. 

SALSIFY (sal'si-fl), w. Biennial plant with an 
edible root like the parsnip; oyster plant. [Fr. 
salsifis — It. sassefrica, goat's beard — Li.saxum, 
a rock, and frico, rub.] 

SALT (salt), I. n. 1. Compound of chlorin and 
sodium, found in the earth or obtained by 
evaporation from sea-water. 2. Anything like 
salt; seasoning; flavor; savor; wit. 3. Chem. 
Combination of an acid with a base. 4. Old 
sailor. II. a. 1. Containing salt; tasting of salt. 

2. Overflowed with or growing in salt water. 

3. Pungent. — Attic salt, piquancy; wit. — Old 
salt, experienced sailor. [A. S. sealt.] 

SALT (salt), vt. [pr.p. SALT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SALT'ED.] Sprinkle, impregnate, preserve or 
season with salt ; as, to salt fish, beef or pork. 
— Salt an invoice, account, etc., put on the ex- 
treme value. — Salt a mine, sprinkle a few 
grains of gold dust in and about an unpro- 
ductive or worked-out gold mine to obtain a 
high price for it from an inexperienced person. 

SALTCELLAR (saltsel-ar), n. Small vessel for 
holding salt. [Fr. saliere, vessel for salt.] 

SALTERN (salt'ern), n. Salt-works. 

SALT-FISH (salt'flsh), n. Fish in brine, or 
salted and dried. 

SALTISH (saltish), a. Somewhat salty. 

SALT LAKE ClTY. Capital of Utah, on Great 
Salt Lake. 

SALTLESS (salt'les), a. Without salt; insipid. 

SALT-LICK (salt'lik), n. Salty ground which is 
licked by animals; commonly called simply 
lick. 

SALTNESS (salt'nes), n. Quality or state of be- 
ing salty. 

SALTPAN (salt'pan), n. 1. Pan in which salt is 
obtained by evaporation. 2. Salt-works. 

SALTPETER, SALTPETRE (salt-peter), n. Salt 



consisting of nitric acid and potash; niter. 

[SALT, and Gr. petra, rock.] 
SALT-RHEUM (salt-rom'), n. Pathol. Vague 

and indefinite popular name applied to many 

non-febrile cutaneous eruptions common 

among adults. 
SALT RlVER (salt riv'er). Imaginary river up 

which defeated candidates are said to be sent. 
SALTS (salts), n'.pl. Epsom-salt or other salt 

used as a medicine. — Smelling salts, prepara- 
tion used as a stimulant and restorative in 

case of faintness. — Salts of tartar, carbonate, 

of potassium. 
SALT-WATER (salt'wa-ter), I. n. Sea-water. 

II. a. Pertaining to, or living in, salt water; 

used at sea; engaged on the sea. 
SALT-WORKS (salt'wurks), n. Place where 

salt is made. 
SALTY (salt'i), a. Impregnated with salt; tasting 

of salt. 
SALUBRIOUS (sa-lo'bri-us), a. Favorable to 

health; healthful. [L. salubris, healthy — 

salus, health.] 
SALUBRIOUSLY (sa-16'bri-us-li), adv. In a 

salubrious manner; so as to promote health. 
SALUBRIOUSNESS (sa-16'bri-us-nes), SALU- 
BRITY (sa-lo'bri-ti), n. Quality or state of 

being salubrious. 
SALUTARILY (sal'u-ta-ri-li), adv. In a salutary 

manner. 
SALUTARINESS (sal'u-ta-ri-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being salutary. 
SALUTARY (sal'u-ta-ri), a. 1. Promoting some 

good or benefit. 2. Promoting health. [L. 

salus, health.] 

SYN. Advantageous ; wholesome ; health- 
ful; sanitary; salubrious; hygienic. ANT. 

Unhealthful; noxious; unwholesome. 
SALUTATION (sal-u-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 

saluting. 2. That which is said in saluting. 
SALUTATORIAN (sa-16-ta-to'ri-an), n. In 

American colleges and schools, the graduating 

student who pronounces the salutatory oration 

at commencement exercises. 
SALUTATORY (sa-lota-to-ri), I. a. Expressing 

a greeting ; saluting. II. n. Oration which in- 
troduce s the 

commencement 

exercises in 

American col- 

leges and 

schools. [L. 

salutatorius — 

salutatus, p.p. of 

saluto, salute.] 
SALUTE (sa-lof), 

n. 1. Act of 

saluting ; saluta- = 

tion; greeting. 

2. Attitude of 

person saluting. 
SALUTE (sa-16f), 

v. [pr.p. SALUTING; p.t. and p.p. SALUTED.] 




Salutes. 

1. Without arms. 2. At shoulder arms. 
3. At order arms. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SALVADOR 



959 



SANCTIFY 




Fernando Figueroa, 
elected President of 
Salvador in 1907. 



1. vt. 1. Address with kind- wishes. 2. Greet 
with a kiss, bow, etc. 3. Honor by a dis- 
charge of cannon, striking colors, etc. 4. 
Mil. and Nav. Show deference to by assuming 
attitude prescribed by drill regulations. II. 
vi. Assume the attitude of saluting. [L. 
saluto.] 

SALVADOR (sal-vii-dor'), n. Republic, Central 

America. Area 7,225 sq. m. 
SALVADOREAN (sal-va-do're-an), n. Native 

of the republic of Salvador. 
SALVAGE (sal'vaj), n. 1. 

Saving a ship or goods from 

danger, as from the sea, 

fire, an enemy, or the like. 

2. Compensation to those 
by whom ships or goods 
have been saved. 3. That 
portion of the property 
which is saved. [L. L. saV- 
vagium — L. salvus, safe.] 

SALVATION ( sal- va' shun), 
n, 1. Act of saving; pres- 
ervation. 2. Saving of 
man from eternal misery. 
— Salvation Army, a religious organization 
founded in England by William Booth in 
1878, organized on military principles, with 
a view of reaching the non-churchgoing 
classes of the world. [L.L. salvatio — L. salvo, 
save.] 

SALVE (sal've), inter J. Hail! [L.] 

SALVE (sav), n. Ointment; anything to cure 
sores ; palliative. [A. S. sealf.] 

SALVER (sal'ver), n. Tray on which anything 
is presented. [Sp. salvilla.] 

SALVIA (sal'vi-a), n. 1. Genus of plants of the 
mint family. 2. [s-] Plant of this genus. 

SALVO (sal'vo), ». Exception; reservation. [L. 
salvo (jure), the right being reserved.] 

SALVO (sal'vo), n, [pi, SALVOS (sal'voz).] 1. 
Military or naval salute with guns. 2. Simul- 
taneous discharge of artillery. [L. salve.] 

SAL-VOLATILE (sal-vol'a-til), w. Solution of 
carbonate of ammonia. 

SALZBURG ( salts 'borkh), n. City in Austria. 

SAMARA (sa-ma'ra), n. Hot. Indehiscent supe- 
rior fruit, usually one-seeded, with the cells 
elongated into wing-like expansions. [L., elm- 
seed.] 

SAMARITAN (sa-mar'i-tan), n. 1. Native or 
inhabitant of Samaria. 2. Language of Sa- 
maria, a dialect of the Chaldean. 3. Charitable 
or benevolent person, in allusion to the char- 
acter of the "good Samaritan" in the parable. 

SAME (s am), a. 1. Identical. 2. Of the like kind 
or degree ; similar. 3. Mentioned before. [A.S.] 

SAMENESS (sam'nes), n. 1. Identity. 2. Simi- 
larity. 3. Tedious monotony. 

SAMOA (sii-md'a or sa'mo-a), or NAVIGATORS' 
ISLANDS. S. Pacific Ocean. Part German, 
part American. Area 1,100 sq. m. 




Samoyed. 

Chinese punt used on 
/ 




SAMOAN (sa-mo'an), n. Native of Samoa 
SAMOS (sa'mos), n. Island 

in the iEgean sea. Area 

180 sq. m. 
SAMOVAR (sam'o-var), n. 

Copper urn in which water 

is kept boiling for making 

tea, used in Russia. [Russ. 

samovaru, tea-urn.] 
SAMOYED (sam-6'yed), n, 

One of a race of the Eur- 
asian Arctic coast. 
SAMP (samp), n. Hominy. 

[N. Am. Ind. saupac] 
SAMPAN (sam'pan), n 

the rivers for con- 
veying merchan- 
dise, and sometimes 

as a house boat. 

[Chin.] 
SAMPHIRE(sam'fir), 

n. Herb found 

chiefly on rocky 

cliffs near the sea, 

used in pickles and 

salads. [From Fr. 

Vherbe de Saint 

Pierre (Peter).] 
SAMPLE (sam'pl), n. Chinese Sampan. 

Specimen; part to show the quality of the 

whole. [O. Fr. essample- — L. exemplum. Doub- 
let EXAMPLE.] 
SAMPLE (sam'pl), vt. [pr.p. SAM'PLEVG; p.t. 

and p.p. SAMPLED (sam'pld).] Take a sample 

of; test by trying a portion of. 
SAMPLER (sam'pler), n. 1. One who makes up 

samples. 2. One who tests by samples. 3. 

Pattern of work; ornamental piece of needle- 
work. 
SAMPLE-ROOM (sam'pl-rom), n. 1. Room 

where samples are kept and shown. 2. Place 

where liquor is sold by the glass; barroom; 

saloon. 
SAMSHU, SAMSHOO (sam'sho), n. Chinese 

liquor distilled from rice. [Chin.] 
SANATIVE (san'a-tiv), a. Tending to heal; 

healing. [L. sanativus.] 
SANATORIUM (san-a-to'ri-um), n. Place for 

restoring to health; health-station; hospital. 

Also spelled sanitarium. 
SANATORY (san'a-to-ri), a. Healing; conducive 

to health. 
SANCTIFICATION (sangk-ti-fi-ka'shun), n. Act 

of sanctifying or state of being sanctified. 
SANCTIFIED (sangk'ti-fid), a. 1. Consecrated. 

2. Sanctimonious. 
SANCTIFIER (sangk'ti-fi-er), n. One who or 

that which sanctifies. — The Sanctifier, the 

Holy Spirit. 
SANCTIFY (sangk'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. SANC'TDTY- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. SANCTIFIED (sangk'ti-fid).] 

1. Make sacred or holy. 2. Set apart to sacred 

use. 3. Purify and exalt, as by God's grace; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
" il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SANCTIMONIOUS 



960 



SANITATION 



Act of ratifying; 
[L. sanctionem — 



free from sin or evil. 4. Make the means of 
holiness. [L. L. sanctifico — L. sanctus, sacred, 
and facto, make.] 

SANCTIMONIOUS (sangk-ti-mo'ni-us), a. Pre- 
tending sanctity; hypocritically devout; affect- 
ing holiness. 

SANCTIMONIOUSLY(sangk-ti-mo'ni-us-li),adi>. 
In a sanctimonious manner. 

SANCTIMONIOUSNESS (sangk-ti-mo 'ni-us- 
nes), n. Quality or state of being sanctimo- 
nious. 

SANCTIMONY (sangk'ti-mo-ni), n. Affected 
devoutness or piety; assumed sanctity. [L. 
sanctimonia, sanctity.] 

SANCTION (sangk'shun), n. 
confirmation; support. 
sancio, render sacred.] 

SANCTION (sangk'shun), vt. [pr.p. SANCTION- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SANCTIONED (sangk'- 
shund).] 1. Give validity or authority to. 2. 
Regard with favor or approval ; give consent to. 

SANCTITY (sangk'ti-ti), n. 1. Purity ; godliness. 
2. Inviolability. 

SANCTUARY (sangk'tu-ar-i), n. [pi. SANC- 
TUARIES.] 1. Sacred place. 2. Inviolable 
asylum; refuge. 

SANCTUM (sangk'tum), n. 1. Sacred place. 2. 
Private room. [L., holy.] 

SAND (sand), n, 1. Fine grains of crushed or 
worn rock. 2. [pi.] Land covered with sand; 
sandy beach. 3. Grit; endurance. [A. S.] 

SAND (sand), vt. [pr.p. SAND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SAND'ED.] 1. Sprinkle with sand. 2. Mix 
with sand. 3. Rub with sand. 

SANDAL (san'dal), n. 1. Kind of shoe consisting 
usually of a sole only, 
bound to the foot by straps. 
2. Loose slipper. [Gr. saw 
dalon, prob. from Pers. 
sandal, kind of shoe.] Sandals. 

SANDALWOOD (san'dal-wod), n. Wood re- 
markable for its fragrance, brought from the 
E. Indies and islands of the Pacific. [Fr. sandal.] 

SAND-RAG (sandbag), n. Rag filled wHh sand. 

SAND-RAG (sand'bag), vt. [pr.p. SANDBAG- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. SANDBAGGED (sand- 
bagd).] Strike with a sand-bag, usually from 
behind, for the purpose of robbing. 

SAND-BAGGER (sand'bag-er), n. One who re- 
sorts to sand-bagging. 

SAND-HILL (sand'hil), n. Hill of sand; dune. 
— Sand-hill crane, the common brown crane 
of America (Grus Mexicana). 

SANDINESS (sand'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sandy. 

SANDMAN (sand'man), n. Mythical being who 
is supposed to make children sleepy by throw- 
ing sand into their eyes. 

SANDPAPER (sand'paper), n. Paper covered 
with a kind of sand. 

SANDPAPER (sand'pa-per), vt. [pr.p. SAND'- 
PAPERING; p.t. and p.p. SANDPAPERED 
(sand'pa-perd).] Rub with sand-paper. 





Sandpiper. 
Ridge or bank of 




Sand-star. 



SANDPIPER (sand'pi-per), n. Wading bird 
the snipe family, distin- 
guished by its clear pi- 
ping note. 

SANDPRIDE (sand'prid), n. 
Small round mouthed 
vertebrate without jaws, 
of the class Myzontes; 
called also mud lamprey; 
found in European rivers. 

SAND-RIDGE (sand'rij), n. 
sand. 

SAND-STAR (sand'star), n. Starfish. 

SANDSTONE (sand'ston), n. Stone 
composed of consolidated sand. 

SANDWICH (sandwich), n. Two 
slices of bread with ham, etc., be- 
tween. [Earl of Sandwich.] 

SANDWICH (sand'wich), vt. [pr.p. 
SANDWICHING; p.t. and p.p. 
SANDWICHED (sand'wieht).] 1. 
Make into a sandwich 2. Fit in 
between. 

SANDY (sand'i), a. 1. Consisting of, or covered 
with, sand. 2. Resembling sand; loose. 3. 
Of the color of sand. 

SANDY HOOK. Low peninsula in New York 
Ray, 8 miles long. 

SANE (san), a. 1. Sound in mind. 2. Not dis- 
ordered in intellect; rational. [L. sanus.] 

SANELY (san'li), adv. In a sane manner. 

SANENESS (san'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sane. 

SAN FRANCISCO (san fran-sis'k6). Seaport 
in California. 

SANG (sang), v. Past tense of SING. 

SANGAREE (sang-ga-re), n. Diluted wine, 
spiced and sweetened. [W. Ind.] 

SANG-FROID (sang-frwa'), ». Coolness tn 
danger; indifference. [Fr., cold blood.] 

SANGUINARY (sang'gwi-na-ri), a. 1. Rloody; 
attended with much bloodshed. 2. Rlood- 
thirsty. 

SANGUINE (sang'gwin), a. 1. Abounding with 
blood; ardent. 2. Hopeful; confident. [L. 
sanguineus — sanguis, blood.] 

SANGUINEOUS (sang-gwin'e-us), a. 1. Abound- 
ing with blood. 2. Resembling, or constitu- 
ting blood. 

Sanhedrim (sanhe-drim) , Sanhedrin 

(san'he-drin), n. Highest council of the Jews, 
consisting of seventy members with the high- 
priest. [Heb. sanhedrin — Gr. synedrion — syn, 
together, and hedra, seat.] 

SANITARIAN (san-i-ta/ri-an), I. a. Sanitary. 
II. n. pne who works for health measures. 

SANITARIUM (san-i-ta'ri-um), n. Health-sta- 
tion; hospital; sanatorium. 

SANITARY (san'i-ta-ri), a. Pertaining to health; 
tending or designed to promote health. [From 
SANITY.] 

SANITATION (san-i-ta'shun), n. 1. Making 
sanitary. 2. Science of rendering sanitary. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SANITY 



961 



SARCASM 



SANITY (san'i-ti), n. State of being sane; sound- 
ness of mind or body. |L. sanitas.] 

SAN JOSE (san h6-za'). Capital of Costa 
Rica. 

SAN JOSE (san ho-za'). City in California. 

San Juan (san ho-an') de Porto Rico. 

Seaport, capital of Porto Rico. 

SAN MARINO (san ma-re'no). Independent re- 
public in Italy. Area 22 sq.m. Population 8000. 

SANK (s.angk), v. Past tense of SINK. 

SANS (sang), prep. Without. [Fb.] 

SAN SALVADOR (san sai-va-dor'). Capital of 
republic of Salvador, C. America. 

Sanscrit. See Sanskrit. 

SANSCULOTTE (sans-ku-lof), n. 1. In the first 
French revolution, a member of the extreme 
party. 2. Ragged fellow. 3. Communist; 
anarchist, 

SANSKRIT (san'skrit), n. Ancient language of 
the Hindus in which the literature of India is 
written (as in Europe Latin was used as a 
learned tongue). [Sans., perfect — sam, with, 
and krita, done.] 

Santa Claus, Santa Klaus (san'ta kiaz), 

Patron saint of children, who is supposed to 
put toys and other presents in stockings on 
Christmas eve. [Corrup. of ST. NICHOLAS.] 

SANTA CRUZ (san'ta kros). Island (Danish), 
W. Indies. Area 84 sq. m. 

SANTA Fe (san'ta fa). Capital of New Mexico. 

SANTANDER (san-tan-dar'), n. Seaport, Spain, 
on inlet of Bay of Biscay. 

SANTIAGO (san-te-a'go), n. Capital of Chile. 

Santiago de Cuba (san-te-a'go da ko'ba). 

Seaport, Cuba, on S. E. coast. 

SAO PaULO (sowng pow'lo). Capital of State 
of same name, Brazil. 

SAP (sap), n. 1. Vital juice of plants. 2. Vital 
fluid of animals; blood. 3. Sapwood. [A. S. 
seep — Ger. saft,] 

SAP (sap), vt. [pr.p. SAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SAPPED (sapt).] 1. Subvert or destroy; under- 
mine. 2. Mil. Destroy by digging under- 
neath. [O. Fr. saper.] 

SAP (sap), n. 1. Excavated trench or tunnel. 2. 
Mil. Approach to a fortification, dug under 
cover. 

SAPAJOU (sap'a-jo), n. Capuchin monkey. [Fr.] 

SAPID (sap'id), a. Savory; tasteful. [L. sapidus 
— sapio, taste.] 

SAPIDITY (sa-pid'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being sapid. 

SAPIENCE (sa'pi-ens), n. Quality or State of 
being sapient. 

SAPIENT (sa'pi-ent), a. Wise; knowing. [L. 
sapio, taste, know.] 

SYN. Sagacious; sage; discerning; in- 
telligent; erudite. ANT. Ignorant; un- 
learned; unskilled. 

SAPLESS (sap'les), a. Dry; not juicy. 



Young tree, so called 
Large evergreen 




SAPLING (sap 'ling), ». 

from being full of sap. 
SAPODILLA (sap-o-dil'a), 

tree (Ach- 

ras sapo- 

ta) or its 

plum -like 

fruit, es- 
teemed in. 

the West 

Indian is- 
lands. [Sp. 

sapotilla.] 
SAPONA- 

C EO US 

(sap-o- Sapodilla. 

na'shus), a. Soapy; soap-like. [Fr. saponace 
— L. sapo, soap.] 

SAPONIFICATION (sa-pon-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Con- 
version into soap. 

SAPONIFY (sa-pon'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. SAPON'IFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SAPONIFIED (sa-pon'i-fid).] 
Convert into soap by combination with an 
alkali. [L. sapo, soap, and /acio, make.] 

SAPPER (sap'er), n. One who saps. 

SAPPHIRE (saf'ir or saf'ir), n. Blue precious 
stone, next in hardness to the diamond. [Ar. 
safir.] 

SAPPINESS (sap'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sappy. 

SAPPY (sap'i), a. 1. Abounding with sap; juicy. 
2. Immature; silly. 

SAPSUCKER (sap'suk-er), n. Popular name for 
any of several species of 
small American wood- 
peckers. 

SAP-WOOD (sap'wod), n. 
External part of wood, 
newly formed under the 
bark; alburnum. 

SARABAND (sar'a-band), n. 
Slow Spanish dance. [Pers. 
serbend, song.] 

SARACEN (sar'a-sen), w. 
Name applied in the 
Middle Ages to the 3Io- 
hammedans. [L.L. Sara- 
cenus — Ar. sharkeyn, east- 
ern people.] 

Saracenic (sar-a-sen'ik), 

a. Of or pertaining to the Sapsucker, or Yellow- 
Saracens, bellied Woodpecker 
SARAGOSSA (sar-a-gos'a), (Sphyrapicusvarius). 

Sp. ZARAGOZA (tha-ra-go'tha), n. City, 
Spain, on the Ebro. 

Saratoga (sar-a-to'ga) Springs. Noted 

health resort, New York State. 
SARAWAK (sa-ra'wak), n. City and State, 

Borneo. Area of State 41,000 sq. m. 
SARCASM (sar'kazm), w. Satirical remark in 

scorn or contempt; cutting wit. [Gr. sarkazd, 

tear flesh.] 




fate,, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, th&a, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SARCASTIC 



962 



SATIATE 




SARCASTIC (sar-kas'tik), a. Containing sar- 
casm. 
SARCENET (siirs'net), n. Very thin silk fabric. 

[O. Fr. — L.L. saracenatus, Saracen cloth.] 
SARCOCARP (sar'ko-karp), n. Fleshy part of a 
drupe; mesocarp; part of fruit usually eaten. 
[Gr. sarx, flesh, and karpos, fruit.] 

SARCOLOGY (sar-kol'o-ji), n. Rranch of anat- 
omy which treats of the fleshy parts of the 
body. [Gr. sarx, sarJcos, flesh.] 

SARCOMA (sar-ko'ma), n. Fleshy tumor. [Gr. 
sarJcoo, make fleshy — sarx, flesh.] 

SARCOPHAGOUS (sar-kof'a-gus), a. Feeding 
on flesh. 

SARCOPHAGUS (sar-kof'a-gus), n. [pi. SAR- 
COPH'AGI 
(sar-kof'a- 
ji).] 1. Kind 
of limestone 
used by the 
Greeks for 
coffins, and 
so called be- 
cause it was; 
thought to 
consume the 
flesh of 
corpses. 2. White Marble Sarcophagus of Queen 
Stone recep- Louise of Prussia. 

tacle for a corpse. [L. — Gr. sarkophagos — 
sarx, flesh, and phago, eat.] 

SARD (sard), n. Min. Blood-red variety of 
carnelian, transparent to translucent. [Fr. 
sarde.] 

SAEDA (sar'da), n. Genus of mackeral-like, 
edible marine fishes of large size and active 
nature, and widely distributed. 

SAEDEL (sar'del), n. Same as SARDINE. 

SARDINE (sar-den'), n. Small fish of the herring 
family, boiled and 
packed in oil. [From 
the island of Sardin ia. ] 

SARDINIA(sar-din'i-a), 
n. Island, Mediterra- 
nean, belonging to 
Italy. 

SARDONIC(sar-don'ik), 
a. 1. Forced; heart- 
less. 2. Bitter; sar- 
castic. [Gr. sardonios, 
a plant of Sardinia 
said to screw up the 
face of the eater.] 

SARDONYX (sar'do- 
niks), n. Reddish- 
yeliow variety of chal- 
cedony. [Gr.] 

SARGASSO (sar-gas'6), n 




Sardonyx Cameo of 
Emperor Augustus. 

Gulfweed, a sea-weed 



of the genus Sargassum, abounding in the 
warmer parts of the Atlantic— Sargasso Sea, 
large tract in the North Atlantic covered by 
the sargasso or gulfweed. [Pg. sargaco, sea- 
weed.] 




SAR3IENT (sar'ment), n. Runner, as of the 

strawberry plant. [L. 

sarmentum.] 
SARSAPARILLA (sar- 

sa-pa-ril'a), n. Twi- 
ning shrub like the 

bramble, found chiefly 

in Mexico, used in 

medicine. [Sp. zarza- 

parilla — zarza, bram- 
ble, and parilla, 

vine.] Sarsaparilla. 

SARTOR (sar'tur), n. Tailor. [L. sarcio, mend.] 
SARTORIAL (sar-to'ri-al), a. Of or pertaining 

to a tailor. 
SARTORIUS (sar-to'ri-us), n. Anat. Muscle used 

in throwing one leg across the other, reaching 

from above the hip to below the knee; tailors' 

muscle. [L. sartor, tailor.] 
SASH (sash), n. Band or scarf worn over the 

shoulder, or as a belt. 

[Pers. shast.] 
SASH (sash), n. Case or 

frame for panes of glass. 

[Fr. chdsse, chase — L. capsa.] 

Saskatchewan (sas-kach'e-won), 

n. Province of Canada, between 
Manitoba and Alberta. 

SASSAFRAS (sas'a-fras), n. Kind of 
laurel, the root of which, especially 
its bark, is much used in medicine. 
So called because formerly believed Sash. 
to break or dissolve stone in the bladder. 
[Fr. — L. saxifraga — 
saxum, stone, and fran- 
go, break.] 

SAT (sat), v. Past tense 
and past participle of 
SIT. 

SATAN (satan), n. Devil; 
chief of the fallen an- 
gels. IHeb. satan, en- 
emy.] 

SATANIC (sa-tan'ik), a. Sassafras. 

Of or pertaining to Satan; characteristic of 
Satan; devilish; diabolical; infernal. 

SATCHEL (sach'el), n. Hand-bag. [Dim. of 
SACK.] 

SATE (sat), vt. [pr.p. SA'TEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SA'TED.] Satiate ; surf eit ; glut. [Short form of 
SATIATE.] 

SATEEN (sat-en')» w. Woolen or cotton fabric 
with a glossy surface. [Fr.] 

SATELLITE (satel-lit), w. 1. Obsequious fol- 
lower. 2. Body which revolves round a planet. 
[L. satelles.] 

SATIABLE (sashi-a-bl), o. That may be satiated. 

SATIATE (sa'shi-at), v. [pr.p. SA'TIATING; 
p.*. and p.p. SA'TIATED.] I. vt. Gratify to 
the full extent of desire; surfeit; glut. II. vi. 
Feed or nourish desire, appetite, or need to the 
utmost. [L. satio, satisfy.} 

SATIATE (sa'shi-at), a. Filled to satiety ; satiated. 




Tate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
/ \X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SATIATION 



963 



SAURIAN 



SATIATION (sa-shi-a'shun), n. Same as SA- 
TIETY. 

SATIETY (sa-ti'e-ti), n . State of being satiated; 
surfeit. 

SATIN (sat'in), n. Closely woven silk fabric with 
a highly finished surface. [Fr. satin — L. seta, 
bristle.] 

SATINET (sat-i-nef), n. 1. Thin species of satin. 
2. Cloth with a cotton warp and woolen weft. 

SATIN-FLOWER (sat'in-flow-er), n. Species of 
herbs (Lunaria annua), also called honesty, 
with large racemes of cross-shaped purple 
flowers and silvery partitions in the fruit. 

SATINWOOD (sat'in-wod), n» Ornamental wood 
from E. and W. Indies, having a texture like 
satin. 

SATINY (sat'in-i), a. Resembling or composed 
of satin. 

SATIRE (sat'ir), n. 1. Species of composition, 
ridiculing vice or folly. 2. Severity of re- 
mark; ridicule; sarcasm. [L. satira — satura 
(lanx), dish full of various kinds of fruit.] 

SATIRIC (sa-tir'ik), SATIRICAL (sa-tir'ik-al), 
a. Pertaining to, or conveying, satire; sar- 
castic; abusive. 

SATIRIST (sat'i-rist), n. Writer of satire. 

SATIRIZE (sat'i-riz), vt. [pr.p. SATIRIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. SATIRIZED (sat'i-rizd).] Make 
the object of satire ; expose to ridicule. 

SATISFACTION (sat-is-fak'shun), n. 1. State 
of being satisfied; gratification; comfort. 2. 
That which satisfies; amends; atonement; 
payment; conviction. 

SATISFACTORILY (sat-is-fak'to-ri-li), adv. In 
a satisfactory manner. 

SATISFACTORINESS (sat-is-fak'to-ri-nes), w. 
Quality or state of being satisfactory. 

SATISFACTORY (sat-is-fak'to-ri), a. 1. Satisfy- 
ing; sufficient; giving content. 2. Making 
amends or payment; atoning. 

SATISFY (sat'is-fi), v. [pr.p. SATISFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. SATISFIED (sat'is-fid).] I. vt. 1. 
Give enough to; supply fully; please fully. 2. 
Discharge. 3. Free from doubt; convince. II. 
vi. Give satisfaction. [O. Fr. satisfier — L. satis, 
enough, and facio, make.] 

SATRAP (sa'trap or sat'rap), n* Persian viceroy, 
or ruler of one of the greater provinces. [Gr. 
satrapes — Zend shoithra-paiti, region-lord.] 

SATRAPY (sa'trap-i), n. Government or juris- 
diction of a satrap. 

SATURABLE (sat'u-ra-bl), a. That may be 
saturated. 

SATURATE (sat'u-rat), vt. [pr.p. SATURATING; 
p.t. and p.p. SATURATED.] 1. Soak fully; 
fill to excess. 2. Unite with till no more can 
be received. [L. saturatus, p.p. of saturo, fill — 
satur, full.] 

SATURATION (sat-u-ra'shun), n. Act of satura- 
ting or state of being saturated. 

SATURDAY (sat'ur-da), n. Seventh or last day 
of the week. [A. S. Soeterdceg, Scetern-dwg, 
day of Saturn — L. Saturnus.] 



Saturn (sat'urn), n. 

of agriculture (father 
of Jupiter), who ruled 
during the golden age. 
2. One of the planets. 
[L. Saturnus — satus, 
p.p. of sero, sow.] 

Saturnalia (sat-ur- 

na'li-a), n.pl. 1. Bom, 
Antiq. Festival in 
honor of Saturn, held 
annually at Rome, 
about the middle of 
December, and regarded 



1. Ancient Roman god 




The Planet Saturn. 



an occasion for 
unrestrained pleasure and enjoyment. 2. [s-] 
Any occasion of unrestrained revelry or 
license. 

SATURNALIAN (sat-ur-na'li-an), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to the Saturnalia or festival of 
Saturn. 2. [s-] Licentious; dissipated. 

SATURNIAN (sa-tur'ni-an), a. Pertaining to 
Saturn, or the golden age ; happy ; pure ; peace- 
ful. 

SATURNINE (sat'ur-nin), a. Grave; gloomy; 
phlegmatic (because born under the planet 
Saturn). 

SATYR (safer or sa/ter), n. Greek Myth. One of 
a number of sylvan deities, represented as part 
man and part goat. [Gr. satyros.] 

SATYRIC (sa-tir'ik), a. Pertaining to satyrs. 

SAUCE (sas), n. 1. Liquid seasoning for food; 
relish. 2. Dish of garden vegetable or cooked 
fruit eaten with other food. 3. Saucy lan- 
guage. (Colloq.) [Fr. — L. salsus, salted.] 

SAUCE (sas), vt. [pr.p. SAUCING; p.t. and p.p. 
SAUCED (sast).] 1. Put sauce on as a relish; 
make poignant. 2. Address in bitter or pert 
language. 

SAUCEPAN (sas'pan), n. Pan used for cooking 
sauces, etc. 

SAUCER (sa'ser), n. Shallow dish to hold a tea 
or coffee cup. 

SAUCILY (sa'si-li), adv. In a saucy manner; 
impudently. 

SAUCINESS (sa'si-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being saucy. 

SAUCY(sa'si), a. [comp. SAU'CDSR; superl. SAU'- 
CIEST.] 1. Insolent; impudent. 2. Airy; 
sprightly. [From SAUCE.] 

SAUERKRAUT (sowr'krowt), n. Cabbage cut 
fine, pressed into a cask, with alternate layers 
of salt, and suffered to ferment. [Ger. sauer, 
sour, and kraut, herb, cabbage.] 

SAULT (so or so), n. Rapid in some rivers in N. 
America. [O. Fr. (Fr. saut) — L. saltus, leap.] 

SAUNTER (san'ter), vi. [pr.p. SAUN'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SAUNTERED (san'terd).] Wan- 
der about idly; walk leisurely along. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

SAUNTER (san'ter), n. 1. Act of sauntering. 2. 
Place for sauntering. 

SAUNTERER (san'ter-er), n. One who saunters. 

SAURIAN (sa'ri-an), I. n. Reptile with legs and 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SAUSAGE 



964 



SAXONISM 



scales. II. a. Pertaining to, or of the nature 
of, a saurian. [Gr. sauros, lizard.] 

SAUSAGE (sa'saj), n. Minced meat, inclosed in 
a skin. [O. Fr. saucisse — root of SAUCE.] 

SAUTERNE (so-tern'), n. White wine produced 
at Sauterne, in France. 

SAVAGE (sav'aj), I. a. Untamed; uncivilized; 
fierce; pertaining to an early stage of culture. 
II. n. 1. Human being in a low stage of social 
culture. 2. Brutal person. [Fr. sauvage — O. 
Fr. salvage — L. silvaticus — sUva, wood.] 

SYN. Wild; rude; brutal; brutish; fero- 
cious; uncivilized; barbarous. ANT. Mild; 
tame; docile. 

SAVAGELY (sav'aj-li), adv. In a savage manner. 

SAVAGENESS (sav'aj-nes), n. Quality of being 
savage. 

SAVAGERY (sav'aj-ri), n. State of being savage. 

SAVANNA, SAVANNAH (sa-van'a), n. Prairie. 
[American Indian.] 

SAVANNAH (sa-van'a),n. City and port, Georgia, 
on Savannah River. 

SAVANT (sa-vang'), n, Man of science or of 
learning. [Fr.] 

SAVE (sav), v. [pr.p. SA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
SAVED (savd).] I. vt. 1. Bring safe out of evil 
or danger; rescue. 2. Keep from being spent 
or lost; reserve. 3. Deliver from sin; bring 
into a state of spiritual life. 4. Spare. II. vi. 
Be economical. [Fr. sauver — L.L. salvo. See 
SAFE.] 

SAVE (sav), I. prep. Leaving out; except. II. 
conj. Unless ; except. 

SAVING (sa'ving), I. a. 1. Disposed to save or 
be economical. 2. Incurring no loss. 3. 
Preserving from wrong. 4. Securing salva- 
tion. II. n. 1. That which is saved. 2. 
Economy in expenditure. 

SAVING (sa'ving), prep. 1. Except; save. 2. 
With due respect to. 

SAVINGLY (sa'ving-li), adv. In a saving man- 
ner. 

SAVINGNESS (sa'ving-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being saving. 

SAVINGS-BANK (sa'vingz-bangk), n. Bank in 
which savings are deposited at interest. 

SAVIOR, SAVIOUR (sa'vi-ur), n. One who 
saves from evil. — The Saviour, Jesus Christ. 

SAVOR (sa'vur), n. 1. Flavor; taste. 2. Odor; 
scent. 3. Reputation. [Fr. saveur — L. sa- 
por — sapio, taste.] 

SAVOR (sa'vur), v. [pr.p. SAVORING; p.t. and 
p.p. SAVORED (sa'vurd).] I. vi. Have a par- 
ticular taste or smell; partake of the nature 
(of). II. vt. Give flavor to; season. 

SAVORILY (sa'vur-i-li), adv. In a savory man- 
ner; with a pleasant relish. 

SAVORINESS (sa'vur-i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being savory. 

SAVORLESS (savur-les), o. Without savor; 
insipid. 

SAVORY fsa'vur-i), o. Having a pleasant savor; 
palatable. 




SAVORY (sa'vur-i), n. Aromatic kitchen herb. 
[O. Fr. savoree — sadree — L. satureia, savory.] 

SAVOY (sa-voi'), n. Cabbage with curled leaves, 
originally from Savoy, in France. 

SAVVY (sav'i), vt. [pr.p. SAVVYING; p.t. and 
p.p. SAVVIED (sav'id).] Understand; know. 
(Slang.) [Sp. saber, know.] 

SAVVY (sav'i), n. Knowledge; comprehension; 
understanding. 

SAW (sa), v. Past tense of SEE. 

SAW (sa), n. Instrument for cutting formed of 
a thin blade, band, or 
disk of steel, with a((]jf 
toothed edge. [A. S." 1 
saga.} T^^L^ 

SAW(sa),v. [pr.p. SAW- j(W <= j 
ING;p.*.SAWED(sad(. 
p.p. SAWED or SAWN 
(san).] I. vt. 1. Cut 
with or as with a saw. 
2. Make motions in, 
as one sawing. II. vi. 
1. Cut anything with 
a saw. 2. Be capable 
of being sawed. 3. 
Engage in the work of 
a sawyer. 

SAW (sa), n. Saying; 
proverb. [A.S.sagu — 
sagian, secgan, say.] 

SAWBUCK (sa'buk) , n. 
Rack forholdingsticks 
of wood while cutting 
them with a saw. 

SAWDUST (sa'dust), n. 
Dust, or small pieces 
of wood, etc., made in 
sawing. 

SAWER (sa'er), n. One who saws; sawyer. 

SAWFISH (sa'fish), n. Fish ten or twenty feet 
long with plate-like gills, of the family Pris- 
tidce, allied to the shark, so called from the 
saw-like form of its snout which is often 
over a yard long, and in the American saw- 
fish (Pristis peetinatus) , is set with forty-eight 
to sixty-four sharp teeth. 

SAWHORSE (sa'hars), n. Same as SAWBUCK. 

SAWMILL (sa'mil), n. Mill for sawing timber, 
stone, etc. 

SAWPIT (sa'pit), n. Pit where wood is sawed. 

SAWYER (sa'yer), n. One who saws. 

SAXIFRAGE (saks'i-fraj), n. Pot. Any species 
of Saxifraga, a large genus of alpine plants 
formerly believed to dissolve stone in the blad- 
der. [Fr. — L. saxum, stone, and frango, break.] 

SAXON (saks'un),I. n. 1. One of a people of N. 
Germany who conquered England in the 5th 
and 6th centuries. 2. Language of the Sax- 
ons. 3. One of the present people of Saxony, 
in Germany. II. a. Pertaining to the Saxons, 
their language, country, or architecture. [A. S. 
Seaxe — seax (O. Ger. sales), knife, short sword.] 

SAXONISM (saks'un-lzm), n. Saxon idiom. 




Saws. 



A. Hand-saw. B. Key or Com- 
pass-saw. C. Tenon-saw. D. Back- 
saw. E. Bow-saw. F. Frame- 
saw. G. Cross-cut saw. H. Cir- 
cular saw. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SAXONY 



965 



SCALLOP 




Saxophone. 



SAXONY (saks'un-i), n Kingdom in Germany. 
Area 5,787 sq. m, 

SAXON Y(saks'un-i), 
n. Province of Prus- 
sia. Area 9,794 
sq. m. 

SAXOPHONE (saks'o-fon), 
n. Brass musical instru- 
ment with a single reed 
and a clarinet mouth- 
piece, the body of the in- 
strument being a para- 
bolic cone of brass pro- 
vided with a set of keys. 
[From the inventor, 
Charles Joseph Sax (1791 
— 1865).] 

SAY(sa),v. [pr.p. SAY IN G ; 
p.t. and p.p. SAID (sed).] 

1. vt. 1. Utter in words ; 
speak; recite. 2. Express 
or declare in words, either 
o ally or in writing ; tell. 
3. Utter as an opinion; 
decide. II. vi. Make an 
assertion. [A. S. secgan.] 

SAY (sa), n. That which 
one says or has to say; 
speech; story; declaration; opinion. 

SAYABLE (saa-bl), a. Capable of being said. 

SAYER (sa'er), n. One who says or utters. 

SAYING (sa'ing), n. Something said; expres- 
sion ; maxim ; phrase. 

SCAB (skab), n. 1. Crust over a sore. 2. Dis- 
ease of sheep, resembling the mange. 3. 
One who takes the place of a striker and so 
helps to break a strike. (Colloq.) [A. S. scceb.] 

SCABBARD (skab'ard), n. Case in which the 
blade of a sword is kept. [O. Fr. escaubet.\ 

SCABBED (skabd ot skab'ed), a. 1. Affected or 
covered with scabs; diseased with the scab. 

2. Mean ; vile ; paltry. 

SCABBY (skab'i), a. 1. Covered with scabs. 2. 

Affected with the scab. 3. Vile ; mean. 
SCABIES (ska'bi-ez), n. The itch, contagious 

skin disease, due to parasitic mites. 
SCABIOUS (ska'bi-us), a. 1. Itchy. 2. Con- 
sisting of scabs or scurf. 
SCAD (skad), n. Fish of the family Carangidce, 

a new genus of 

which (Zalocys), 

was discovered^ 

at Revillagigedo 

Archepelago in 

1897. [Cf. SHAD.] 
SCAFFOLD (skaf- 

old), n. 1. Temporary platform for exhibiting 

or for supporting something. 2. Platform for 

the execution of a criminal. [O. Fr. escha- 

fault — root of CATAFALQUE.] 
SCAFFOLD (skaf'old), vt. [pr.p. SCAF'FOLD- 

EVG; p.t. and p.p. SCAF'FOLDED.] Furnish 

with a scaffold. 




Scad {Zalocys slilbe). 



Scaffold. 



SCAFFOLDING (skaf'old-ing), n. 
2. Material for scaffolds. 

SCAGLIOLA (skal-yo'la), n. An imitation of 
variegated marble. [It.] 

SCALABLE (skala-bl), a. That may be scaled 
or climbed. 

SCALAWAG (skal'a-wag), n. 1. Valueless do- 
mestic animal. 2. Worthless fellow; scamp. 
[From Scalloway, in Shetland.] 

SCALD (skald), vt. [pr.p. SCALD 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCALD'ED.] 1. Burn or clean with 
steam or hot liquid. 2. Cook slightly by 
boiling a very short time. [O. Fr. eschalder — 
L. excaldo — ex, out, and calidus, hot.] 

SCALD (skald), n. Burn caused by hot liquid. 

SCALD, SKALD (skald), n. One of the ancient 
Scandinavian poets or bards. [Ice. and Sw. 
skald, poet.] 

SCALE (skal), n. 1. Ladder; series of steps. 2. 
Graduated measure. 3. Music, Series of all 
the tones. 4. Order of a numeral system. 5. 
Gradation. 6. Proportion. [L. scala, ladder.] 

SCALE (skal), vt. [pr.p. SCA'LEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SCALED (skald).] Climb over; clamber up. 

SCALE (skal), n. 1. One of the small, thin plates 
on a fish or reptile. 2. Thin layer. 3. Scale- 
insect. [A. S. sceale, scale of a fish.] 

SCALE (skal), v. [pr.p. SCALING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCALED (skald).] I. vt. 1. Clear of scales. 
2. Peel off in thin layers. 3. Cut down; re- 
duce, as wages. II. vi. Come off in thin 
layers. 

SCALE (skal), n. 1. Dish or platform of a bal- 
ance or weighing instrument; chiefly in plural. 
2. [pi.] Any form of weighing instrument. 3. 
[pi.] [S-] Libra, one of the signs of the zodiac. 
[A.S. scalu, balance.] 

SCALED (skald), a. 1. Having the scales re- 
moved; as, a scaled fish. 2. Zool. Having 
scales; scaly. 

SCALE-INSECT (skal'in-sekt), n. Entom. In- 
sect of any ot the various species of the genus 
Coccus, which infest the bark of trees, plants, 
etc., so called from the fact that their larvae 
are oval or round scales. Several of the 
species are very destructive to trees. 

SCALELESS (skal'les), a. Having no scales. 
SCALENE (ska-len')» I. a. Having three un- 
equal sides. II. n. Scalene triangle. [Gr. 
skalenos, uneven.] 
SCALER (skaler), n. One 
who or that which scales. 
SCALINESS (ska'li-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being 
scaly. 
SCALL (skal), n. Scab; scaly 
eruption. [A.S. seal, scale.] 
SCALLOP (skol'up), n. 1. 
Bivalvular shell-fish, hav- 
ing the edge of its shell 
in the form of a series of 
curves. 2. Dish (originally in the shape of a 
scallop shell), in which oysters are baked. 3. 




Scallop (Pecten 
maguayezensis) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



SCALLOP 



SCARCE 



One of a series of curves in the edge of any- 
thing. 4. Lace band or collar, scalloped round 
the edges. [O. Fr. escalope — Dut. schelp, shell.] 

SCALLOP (skol'up), vt. [pr.p. SCALLOPING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCALLOPED (skol'upt).] 1. Cut 
the edge or border of into scallops or curves. 
2. Cook, as oysters, in a shell or scallop. 

SCALLOPED (skol'upt), o. 1. Marked or cut 
around the edge with scallops. 2. Made or 
done in a scallop. — Scalloped oysters, oysters 
baked with bread crumbs and seasoning, 
originally cooked in a scallop shell, and 
afterwards in a dish called a scallop. 

SCALP (skalp), n. Skin of the head on which 
the hair grows. [It. scalpo; from root of 
SCALLOP.] 

SCALP (skalp), vt. [pr.p. SCALP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCALPED (skalpt).] 1. Cut the scalp 
from. 2. Buy and sell at reduced rates; said 
especially of railroad tickets. 

SCALPEL (skal'pel), n. Small surgical knife. 
[L. scalpellum — scalpo, cut.] 

SCALPER (skalp'er), n. 1. One who removes 
scalps. 2. Ticket-broker. 

SCALP-LOCK (skalp'lok), n. Tuft of hair 
growing on the crown of the head worn by 
the North American Indians to allow a victo- 
rious enemy a fair chance of taking the scalp. 

SCALY (ska'li), a. Covered with scales; like 
scales; formed of scales. 

SCAMMONY (skam'o-ni), n. Cathartic gum- 
resin obtained from a species of convolvulus. 
[Gr. skammonia.] 

SCAMP (skamp), n. Rogue ; rascal; mean fellow. 
[O. Fr. escamper, run away.] 

SCAMP (skamp), vt. [pr.p. SCAMP'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCAMPED (skampt).] Perform, as 
work, dishonestly, without thoroughness; 
skimp. 

SCAMPER (skam'per), vi. [pr.p. SCAM'PER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SCAMPERED (skam'perd) ] 
Run away. [O. Fr. escamper — L. ex, out of, 
and campus, field.] 

SCAN (skan), vt. [pr.p. SCAN'NEVG; p.t. and 
p.p. SCANNED (skand).] 1. Count the feet 
or measures in (a verse). 2. Examine care- 
fully; scrutinize. [Fr. scantier — L. scando, 
climb.] 

SCANDAL (skan'dal), n. 1. Something said 
which is false and injurious to reputation; 
opprobrious censure. 2. Disgrace; offense. 
[Fr. scandale — Gr. skandalon, snare.] 

SCANDALIZE (skan'dal-iz), vt. [pr.p. SCAN'- 
DALIZEVG; p.t. and p.p. SCANDALIZED 
(skan'dal-izd).] 1. Bring disgrace or scandal 
on. 2. Speak scandal of; slander. 3. Shock 
by scandalous conduct. 

SCANDALOUS (skan'dal-us), a. Causing, con- 
taining, or constituting, scandal. 

SCANDALOUSLY (skan'dal-us-li), adv. In a 
scandalous manner. 

SCANDINAVIA (skan-di-na'vi-a), n. Penin- 
sula, comprising Sweden and Norway. 



Scandinavian (skan-di-na'vi-an), i. a. ot 

or pertaining to Scandinavia. II. n. Inhabi- 
tant of Scandinavia. 

SCANSION (skan 'shun), n. Act of scanning or 
measuring a verse by feet. 

SCANSORIAL (skan-so'ri-al), a. Climbing; 
formed for climbing. [L. scando, scansum. 
See SCAN.] 

SCANT (skant), a. 1. Not full or plentiful; 
scarcely sufficient; deficient. 2. Parsimo- 
nious. [Ice. skammt, short.] 

SYN. Short; slender; meager; insuffi- 
cient; sparing; niggardly; narrow; close; 
stingy. ANT. Full; ample; liberal. 

SCANTILY (skant'i-li), adv. In a scanty manner 
or degree. 

SCANTINESS (skant'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being scanty. 

SCANTLLNG (skant'ling), n. 1. Pattern. 2, 
Measurement. 3. Piece of timber less than 
five inches square in section. [Fr. echantillon, 
sample.] 

SCANTY (skant'i), a. 1. Narrow; small; scant. 
2. Falling short of what is necessary; de- 
ficient. 3. Sparing. 

SCAPEGOAT (skap'got), n. 1. Goat on which, 
once a year, the Jewish high-priest laid the 
sins of the people, and which was then allowed 
to escape into the wilderness. 2. One made 
to suffer for another's offense. [ESCAPE 
and GOAT.] 

SCAPEGRACE (skap'gras), n. Graceless, reck- 
less fellow. [Lit., one who has escaped grace.] 

SCAPE3IENT, n. Same as ESCAPEMENT. 

SCAPULA (skap'u-la), n. [pi. SCAPULA.] Anat. 
The shoulder-blade. [L.] 

SCAPULAR (skap'u-lar), a. Of or 
pertaining to the scapula. 

SCAPULAR (skap'u-lar), SCAPU- 
LARY (skap'u-la-ri), n. Ornament 
worn by some Roman Catholic 
orders, consisting of two woolen 
bands, one of which crosses the 
shoulders, and the other the breast. 

SCAR (skar), n. 1. Mark left by a 
wound or sore; cicatrix. 2. Any 
mark or blemish. [Fr. escarre — L. 
scab.] 

SCAR (skar), v. [pr.p. SCAR'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCARRED (skard).] I. vt. Mark with or 
as with a scar- II. vi. Form a scar. 

SCAR (skar), n. Precipitous bank or rock. [Ice. 
sker, rock in the sea.] 

SCARAB (skar'ab), n. Beetle, especially the 
sacred beetle of the Egyptians (Scarabaius 
Mgyptiorum or Ateuchus sacer), notable as 
being figured in the hieroglyphs and for the 
honors paid to it by the ancient Egyptians. 
[L. scarabmus, beetle.] 

SCARAMOUCH (skar'a-mowch), n. Buffoon; 
bragging, cowardly fellow. [From Scara- 
muccia, a certain Italian clown.] 

SCARCE (skars), I. a. 1. Not plentiful; not 




Scapula. 
eschar a, 



fSte, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



SCARCELY 



967 



SCENOGRAPH 



equal to the demand. 2. Rare; not com- 
mon. II. adv. l. Barely ; hardly. 2. Scarce- 
ly Q [0. Fr. escars — L. excerpo, pick out.] 

SCARCELY (skars'li), adv. 1. Rarely; seldom. 
2. Only just; hardly. 3. With difficulty. 

SCARCITY (skar'si-ti), SCARCENESS (skars'- 
nes), n. State or condition of being scarce. 

SCARE (skar), v. [pr.p. SCAR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCARED (skard).] I. vt. Strike with 
sudden fear ; frighten. II. vi. Become fright- 
ened. (Colloq.) [Ice. skirra, drive away.] 

SYN. Alarm; affright; appall; terrify; 
daunt; frighten; startle; intimidate. ANT 
Reassure ; encourage ; allure 

SCARE (skar), n. Sudden fright; panic. 

SCARECROW (skar'kro), n. 1. Anything set 
up to scare away birds; vain cause of terror. 
2. Person in rags. 

SCARF (skarf), n. Light piece o£ dress worn 
loosely on neck or shoulders. [Fr. echarped 

SCARF (skarf), vt. [pr.p. SCARF'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCARFED (skarft).] Invest with a scarf. 

SCARF (skarf), n. Joint to unite two pieces of 
timber. [Sw. skarf, seam, joint.] 

SCARF (skarf), vt. [pr.p. SCARF'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCARFED (skarft).] Join by a scarf. 

SCARFED (skarft), a. Furnished or decorated 
with a scarf or scarfs. 

SCARFSKIN (skarf'skin), n. Scurf or surface 
skin ; outer skin. 

SCARIFICATION (skar-i-fl-ka'shun), ». Act of 
scarifying. 

SCARIFICATOR (skar'i-fl-ka-tur), n. Surg. In- 
strument used for scarifying. 

SCARIFIER (skar'i-fl-er), n. One who or that 
which scarifies. 

SCARIFY (skar'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. SCAR'IFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCARIFIED (skar'i-fid).] Scratch 
or slightly cut, as the skin; make small cuts 
in with a lancet, so as to draw blood. [Gr. 
skariphos, etching tool.] 

SCARLATINA (skar-la-te'na), SCARLET-FE- 
VER (skar-let-fe'ver), n. Contagious fever, 
characterized by a bright scarlet rash begin- 
ning on neck and chest and rapidly covering 
the whole body. 

SCARLET (skar'let), 
I. n. 1. Bright-red 
color. 2. Scarlet 
cloth. II. a. Of 
the color called 
scarlet. [O. Fr. 
escarlate (Fr. ecar- 
late), through L.L. 
scarlatum — Pers. 
sakirlat.] 

SCARLET-SAGE 
(skar'let-saj), n. 
Ornamental spe- 
cies of sage, a na- 
tive of Brazil. 

SCARP (skarp), n. 

1. Interior slope of the ditch nearest the 




Scarlet Sage (Salvia 
splendens) . 



parapet. 2. Steep slope. [Fr. escarpe — It. 
Scarpa.] 

SCARPINES (skar'pinz), n.pl. Instrument of 
torture resembling the boot. [Fr. escarpins, 
pumps.] 

SCARY (skar'i), a. Subject to a scare; easily 
frightened. 

SCAT (skaj), inter j. Be off! get out! mostly 
used to frighten away a cat. [Perhaps a form 
of SCOOT, but taken as though HISS and CAT.] 

SCATHE (skaffc), SCATH (skath), vt. [pr.p. 
SCA'THING ; p.t. &nd .i?„ SCATHED (skafTid) .] 
Hurt; harm; inj r, Q [.".. S. sceathan, Injure.] 

SCATHE (skutfe), SC^T. (skath), ». Hurt; 
harm; injury. 

SCATHELESS (skaffc'les), SCATHLESS (skath'- 
les), o. Free from harm, hurt, or injury. 

SCATHING (ska'toing or skath'ing), o. Very 
bitter or severe; blasting; withering; as, 
scathing sarcasm. 

SCATHINGLY (ska'tfting-li), uJv. In a scathing 
manner. 

SCATTER (skat'§r),t>. [pr.p. SCAT'TEREVG ; p.t. 
and p.p. SCATTERED (skat'Srd).] I. vt. 1. 
Disperse in all directions. 2. Throw loosely 
about; strew; sprinkle. II. vi. Be dispersed 
or dissipated. [A. S. scateran. See SHATTER.] 

SCATTERBRAIN (skater-bran), n. Person In- 
capable of concentrated thought. 

SCAUP (skap), n. Sea diving-duck of the genus 
Aythya, especially Aythya marila, of northern 
North America. [Ice. skdlp-hmna 9 scaup- 
duck.] 

SCAVENGE (skav'enj), vt. [pr.p. SCAVENGING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCAVENGED (skav'enjd).] Clean, 
as streets, vaults, etc., from filth. 

SCAVENGER (skav'en-JSr), n. One who cleans 
the streets, removes filth etc. lO. F. scawag- 
eour, inspector.] 

SCENARIO (she-na'ri-6), n. Skeleton libretto, 
outlining the plot and the several appearances 
of the characters. [It.] 

SCENE (sen), w. 1. Originally, the stage of a 
theater. 2. Place of action, occurrence, or 
exhibition. 3. Separate part of a play, smaller 
than an act. 4. Number of objects presented 
to the view at once ; spectacle ; view. 5. Land- 
scape; scenery; large picture. 6. Display of 
strong feeling between two or more persons; 
feeling exhibited for effect. [L. acena — Gr. 
skene", booth, stage.] 

SCENERY (se'ner-i), n. 1. Painted representa- 
tion on a stage. 2. General aspect of a land- 
scape. 3. Attire. (Slang.) 

SCENIC (se'nik or sen'ik), a. Pertaining to 
scenery ; theatrical. — Scenic railway, a minia- 
ture railway built in amusement parks, ar- 
ranged so that cars will run over artificial 
mountains and valleys. 

SCENOGRAPH (se'no-graf or sen'o-graf), n. Per- 
spective drawing or representation of an ob- 
ject. [Gr. skSnographia — skSnS, scene, and 
grapho, write.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SCENOGRAPHIC 



968 



SCHOOL-BOOK 



SCENOGRAPHIC (se-no-graf'ik or sen-o-graf- 
lk), a. Drawn in perspective. 

SCENOGRAPHICALLY (sg-no-graf ik-al-i or 
sen-o-graf'ik-al-i), adv. Perspectively. 

SCENOGRAPHY (se-nog'ra-fi or sen-og'ra-fi), n. 
Art of perspective; representation in perspec- 
tive. 

SCENT (sent), v. [pr.p. SCENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCENTED.] I. vt. 1. Discern or trace by the 
sense of smell. 2. Perfume. 3. Hcve an 
inkling or suspicion of; as, to scent mischief. 
II. vi. Follow or hunt animals by means of 
smell. [Fr. sentir — L. sentio, feel, discern.] 

SCENT (sent), n. 1. Odor. 2. Sense of smell. 
3. Odor left on the ground, enabling the track 
of an animal to be followed. 4. Inkling or 
clue. 5. Course of pursuit; track. 

SCEPTER, SCEPTRE (sep'ter), n. 1. Staff or 
baton borne by sovereigns as an em- 
blem of authority. 2. Royal power. 
[Gr. skeptron, staff.] 

SCEPTERED, SCEPTRED (sep'terd), a. 
1. Bearing a scepter. 2. Imperial; 
regal. 

SCEPTIC (skep'tik), SCEPTICAL (skep'- 
tik-al), etc. Same as SKEPTIC, SKEP- 
TICAL, etc. 

SCHEDULE (sked'ul), n. Paper contain- 
ing a written or piinted table, list, 
catalogue, or inventory. [O. Fr. sched- 
ule — L. schedula, strip of papyrus.] 

SCHEDULE (sked'ul), v. [pr.p. SCHED'- °terT 
ULLNG; p.t. and p.p. SCHEDULED 
(sked'uld).] I. vt. 1. Make a schedule, list, 
or catalogue of. 2. Place in a schedule. II. 
vi. Furnish a schedule of property under the 
requirements of an exemption law. 

SCHEME (skem), n. 1. Something contrived to 
be done. 2. Combination of things by design. 
3. illustrative diagram. [Gr. schema, form.] 
SYN. Device; design; plan; system; plot; 
contrivance; purpose; outline; project; 
proposal. ANT. Miscontrivance ; blunder. 

SCHEME (skem), v. [pr.p. SCHE'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCHEMED (skemd).] I. vt. Form a plan 
or design of; devise; plan; contrive. II. vi. 
Form plans or schemes; plot; plan. 

SCHEMER (ske'mer), n. One who schemes; 
projector; contriver; plotter. 

SCHEMLNG (ske'ming), a. 1. Planning; con- 
triving. 2. Plotting; intriguing. 

SCHERZANDO (sker-tsan'do), adv. Music. 
Playful; sportive. [It. — Ger. scherz, jest.] 

SCHERZO (sker'tso), n. Music. Passage or 
movement of a lively character, forming a 
part of a composition of some length. [It.] 

SCHIEDAM (ske-dam'), n. Holland gin. [Schie- 
dam, city of Holland.] 

SCHISM (slzm), n. Separation in a church, from 
diversity of opinion; division. [Gr. schisma — 
schizo, split.] 

SCHISM ATI C(siz-mat'ik), SCHIS3IATICAL( siz- 
mat'ik-al), a. Relating to or implying schism. 



SCHISMATIC (siz-mat'ik), n. One who takes 
part in a schism. 

SCHIST (shist), n. Kind of rock, splitting Into 
thin layers; slate-rock. [Gr. schistos — schizd, 
split.] 

SCHISTIC (shist'ik), a. Same as SCHISTOSE. 

SCHISTOID (skist'oid), a. Somewhat like schist. 

SCHISTOSE (shist 6s), SCHISTOUS (shist'us), 
a. Pertaining to or of the nature of schist. 

SCHLESWIG (shlaz'vig), n. Seaport, Prussia, 
on an inlet of the Baltic Sea. 

ScHLESWIG-HoLSTELN (shlaz'vig hol'stin), n. 
Province of Prussia. Area 7,273 sq. m. 

SCHMELZE (shmel'tsa), n. Term for several 
kinds of colored glass, used in windows. [Ger. 
schmelz, enamel.] 

SCHNAPPS (shnaps), n. 1. Schiedam, or Hol- 
land gin. 2. Any kind of spirituous liquor. 
[Ger., dram.] 

SCHOLAR (skol'ar), n. 1. Pupil; student. 3. 
Man of learning. [A. S. scolere — scdlu, school. 
Altered to SCHOLAR to agree with L. scholaris, 
pertaining to a school.] 

SCHOLARLY (skol'ar-li), I. a. Becoming a 
scholar ; scholar-like. II. adv. After the man- 
ner of a scholar. 

SCHOLARSHIP (skoi'ar-ship), n. 1. Character 
of a scholar. 2. Learning. 3. Maintenance 
of a scholar awarded by some educational in- 
stitution, often as a prize or reward of merit. 

SCHOLASTIC (sko-lastik), I. a. 1. Pertaining 
to a scholar or to schools. 2. Pertaining to the 
schoolmen of the Middle Ages. 3. Pedantic; 
formal; excessively subtle. II. n. One who 
adheres to the method or subtleties of the 
schools of the Middle Ages. [Gr. scholastikos, 
pertaining to school.] 

SCHOLIAST (sko'li-ast), n. Writer of scholia; 
commentator; annotator. [See SCHOLIUM.] 

SCHOLIASTIC (sko-li-as'tik), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a scholiast. 

SCHOLIUM (sko'li-um), n. [pi. SCHOL'IA, 
SCHO'LIUMS.] 1. Marginal note of the old 
critics on the ancient classics. 2. Math. Ex- 
planation added to a problem. [Gr. scholion, 
short note.] 

SCHOOL (skol), n. 1. Place for instruction; In- 
stitution of learning, especially for children. 
2. Pupils of a school. 3. Exercises for in- 
struction. 4. Disciples of a teacher; those who 
hold a common doctrine. [A. S. scolu — L. 
schola, school — Gr. schole, school, originally, 
rest, leisure, place where lectures are given.] 

SCHOOL (skol), vt. [pr.p. SCHOOI/EVG; p.t. and 
p.p. SCHOOLED (skold).] 1. Instruct or train. 
2. Chide and admonish; tutor. 

SCHOOL (skol), n. Compact multitude; shoal; 
as, a school of fish. [Variant of SHOAL.] 

SCHOOL (skol), vi. [pr.p. SCHOOLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCHOOLED (skold).] Move in a compact 
multitude or school, as fish. 

SCHOOL-BOOK (skol'bok), n. Text-book for 
use in schools. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SCHOOLBOY 



969 



SCIRRHUS 



SCHOOLBOY (skol'boi), n. Boy who attends 

school. 
SCHOOLFELLOW (skol'fel-6), n. Schoolmate. 
SCHOOLGIRL (skol'gerl), n. Girl who attends 

school. 
SCHOOLHOUSE (skol'hows), n. Building in 

which school is conducted. 




Normal School house in Manila, 
Philippine Islands. 



Act of teaching; 
Money paid for 



n. 



Same as 



SCHOOLING (skol'ing), n. 1. 
instruction; education. 2. 
instruction. 

SCHOOLMA'AM (skol'mam) 
SCHOOLMISTRESS. 

SCHOOLMAN (skol'man), n. [pi. SCHOOI/- 
MEN.] One of the scholastics, or leaders of 
thought, in the Middle Ages. 

SCHOOLMASTER (skol'mas-ter), n. Man who 
presides over and teaches in a school. 

SCHOOLMATE (skol'mat), n. Any of the several 
attendants at the same school; fellow-pupil. 

SCHOOLMISTRESS (skol'mis-tres), n. Woman 
who presides over or teaches in a school. 

SCHOOLROOM (skol'rom), w. Room in which 
pupils are taught. 

SCHOOL-SHIP (skol'ship), n. Ship on which 
boys are trained for service in the navy ; train- 
ing-ship. 

SCHOOL-TAUGHT (skol'tat), a. Taught or 
learned at school. 

SCHOOL-TEACHER (skol'tech-er), n. One who 
teaches regularly in a school. 

SCHOONER (skon'er), n. 1. Sharp-built, swift- 
sailing vessel, generally two- 
masted, rigged with fore-and- 
aft sails. 2. Tall beer-glass, 
holding about double the quan- 
tity of an ordinary beer-glass. 
(Colloq.) [Properly scooner — 
A. S. scunian, skip.] 

SCHOTTISCHE (shot'lsh), n. 
Dance similar to polka. [Ger. 
Schottisch, Scotch.] 

SCHWERIN (shva-ren'), n. Capital of Meck- 
lenburg-Schwerin, Germany. 

SCIAGRAPH (si'a-graf), n. Plan of a building 
showing its interior structure. 
I SCIAGRAPHY (si-ag'ra-fi), n. 1. Act or art of 
correctly delineating shadows in drawing. 
2. Art of drawing plan of a building showing 
interior structure. 3. Art of finding the hour 
of the day or night by shadows caused by the 
sun, moon, or stars. [Gr. sJciagraphia — skia, 
shadow, and grapho, write.] 

SCIATIC (si-at'ik), SCIATICAL (si-at'ik-al), o. 




Schooner. 



L. 



Pertaining to, or affecting, the hip. [L 
sciaticus — Gr. ischion, hip-joint.] 
SCIATICA (si-at'i-ka), n. Neuritis or neuralgic 

affection of the sciatic nerve. 
SCIENCE (si'ens), n. 1. Systematized knowl- 
edge. 2. Pursuit of knowledge or truth for its 
own sake. 3. That which refers to abstract 
principles, as distinguished from ART. [Fr. — 
L. scientia — scio, know.] 
SCIENTIFIC (si-en-tif'ik), SCIENTIFICAL (si- 
en-tif'ik-al), a. 1. According to, or versed in, 
science. 2. Having systematic knowledge. 
SCIENTIFICALLY (sl-en-tif'ik-al-i), adv. In 

a scientific manner. 
SCIENTIST (si'en-tist), n. Person who studies 
science, especially natural science; scientific 
investigator. 
SCILICET (sill-set), adv. To wit; understood 
(referring to some word omitted, but supposed 
to be mentally supplied). Abbrev. scil. or sc. 
[L. scire licet, you may know.] 
SciLLY (sil'i) ISLANDS. In English Channel. 

Area 3,560 acres. 
SCIMITER (sim'i-ter), SCIMITAR, SIMITAR 
(sim'i-tar), CIMETER (sim'e-ter), ti. 
Curved sword, sometimes broadest 
at the point end, used by the Turks 
and Persians. [Pers. sham shir, sword 
or saber — sham, nail, and shir, lion.] 
SCINTILLA (sin-til'a), n. 1. Spark. 2. 

Least particle. [L.] 
SCINTILLATE (sin'ti-lat), vi. [pr.p. 
SCEVTIULATING ; p.t. and p.p. SCIN'- 
TILLATED.] 1. Throw out sparks. 
2. Sparkle; twinkle. [L. scintillatus, 
p.p. of scintillo, emit sparks.] 
SCINTILLATION (sin-til-la'shun), n. 1. ^j™ 1 " 
Act of emitting sparks. 2. Spark; 
sparkle. 3. Astron. Twinkling or tremulous 
motion of the light of the stars. 
SCIOLISM (si'o-lizm), n. Superficial knowledge. 
[L. sciolus, dim. of scius, knowing — scio, 
know.] 
SCIOLIST (si'o-list), n. One who knows many 

things superficially; pretender to science. 
SCION (si'un), n. 1. Cutting or twig for graft- 
ing. 2. Young member of a family; descend- 
ant. [Fr. — L. sectio, cutting — seco, cut.] 
SCIOPTIC (si-op'tik), a. Pertaining to the cam- 
era obscura. [Gr. skia, shadow, and OPTIC] 
SCIOPTICS (si-op'tiks), ». Art of exhibiting 
images of objects received through a lens, in 
a darkened room. 
SCIRE FACIAS (si're fa'shi-as). Writ to en- 
force either execution or annulment of a Judg- 
ment or the like. [L., make to know.] 
SCIRRHOUS (sir'us or skir'us),. a. Proceeding 
from or of the nature of scirrhus; indurated; 
cancerous. 
SCIRRHUS (sir'us or skir'us), n. Pathol. 1. 
Hardened gland, forming a tumor. 2. Hard- 
ening, especially that preceding cancer. [Gr. 
skirrhos, hard.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=tt in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



SCISSORS 



970. 



SCORER 



SCISSORS (siz'firz), n.pl. Cutting instrument 
consisting of two blades fastened at the mid- 
dle. Often called a pair of scissors. [O. Fr. 
cisoires — L. ccedo, ccesum, cut.] 

Sclav, Sclavonian, etc. See slav, Sla- 
vonic. 

SCLEROSCOPE (skle'ro-skop), n. Instrument 

for determining the degrees of hardness of 

metals. [Gr. skleros, hard, and -SCOPE.] 
SCLEROSIS (skle-ro'sis), n. Hardening of a 

tissue. [Gr.] 
SCLEROTAL (skle-ro'tal), I. «. An ossification 

in the eyeball of the owl. II. a. Like, or 

pertaining to, a sclerotal. [Gr. sklgros, 

hard.] 
SCLEROTICA (skle-rot'i-ka), n. Opaque, white, 

inelastic front coat of the eye. 
SCOFF (skaf or skof), v. [pr.p. SCOFF'ING; p.U 

and p.p. SCOFFED (skaf t or skof t) .] I. vt. Mock ; 

treat with scorn. II. vi. Show contempt or 

scorn. [Ice. skauf, laugh at.] 
SCOFF (skaf or skof), n. Expression of scorn, 

mockery, or ridicule; jibe; flout. 2. Object 

of derision. 
SCOFFER (skaf'er or skof'er), n. One who 

scoffs; mocker. 
SCOLD (skold), v. [pr.p. SCOLD'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. SCOLD'ED.] I. vt. Chide or find fault 

with noisily; rate. II. vi. Utter railing, or 

harsh, rude, boisterous rebuke. [Dut. schold, 

p.t. of scheldan, scold.] 

SYN. Vituperate; rail; rebuke; censure; 

abuse. ANT. Praise; compliment; laud. 
SCOLD (skold), n. One who scolds; virago. 
SCOLDING (skold'ing), n. Noisy rebuke or 

reprimand. 
SCOLLOP (skol'up), n. Same as SCALLOP. 
SCONCE (skons), n. 1. Bulwark; small fort. 2. 

Shelter; hut; chimney seat. 3. Helmet. 4. 

Head; skull. [Dut. schans — Ger. schanze 
SCONCE (skons), n. 

1. Socket for a 

candle. 2. Orna- 
mental hanging or 

wall candle-stick. 

[O. Fr. esconse — 

L. absconsa, sconsa, 

dark-lantern.] 
SCOOP (skop), n. 1. 

Large hollow shovel 

or ladle. 2. Place 

hollowed out. 3. 

Sweeping stroke. 4. 

Publication of a 

piece of news by a newspaper in advance of 

rival papers. [A. S. skopa.] 
SCOOP (skop), v\ [pr.p. SCOOP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SCOOPED (skopt).] I. vt. 1. Lift up, as 

water, with something hollow; empty with a 

ladle. 2. Make hollow; dig out. 3. Secure 

and publish a piece of news in advance of 

(rivals). II. vi. 1. Use a scoop. 2. Engage 

in the work of getting exclusive news. (Colloq.) 




Sconce. 



SCOOPER (skop'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which scoops. 2. Ornith. Avocet. 

SCOOT (skot), v. [pr.p. SCOOTING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SCOOT'ED.] I. vi. Scamper away ; run hastily. 
II. vt. Make to move with a quick, light 
motion at high speed; as, to scoot a motor 
car. (Colloq.) 

SCOOTER (skot'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
scoots. 2. Oblong plow or cultivating shovel 
for breaking furrows, etc. 3. Ice-scooter. 

SCOOTER (skot'er), vi. [pr.p. SCOOT'ERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCOOTERED (skot'erd).] Sail a 
scooter. 

-SCOPE, suffix. Manif ester ; viewer. [Gr. skopos, 
watcher.] 

SCOPE (skop), n. 1. Space; range of action or 
view; outlook. 2. Room or opportunity. 3. 
Extent; length; sweep; as, scope of cable. 
[Gr. skopos — skopeo, look.] 

SCOPOLAMINE (sko-pol'a-min), n. New alka- 
loid from a plant similar to the Atropia Bella- 
donna, or deadly nightshade, used as an 
anaesthetic. 

SCORBUTE (skar'but), n. Scurvy. 

SCORBUTIC (skar-bu'tik), I. a. Pertaining to 
scurvy. II. n. Person affected with scurvy. 
[Fr. scorbutique — M. L. scorbutus — M. Dut. 
schorbuyck, scurvy — schor, rent, chap, and 
buyck, belly.] 

SCORCH (skarch), v. [pr.p. SCORCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCORCHED (skarcht).] I. vt. 1. Burn 
slightly. 2. Affect painfully with heat. II. vi. 
Ride recklessly fast, as on a bicycle, motor- 
cyle, or in an automobile; speed. (Colloq.) 
[O. Fr. escorchier — L. esc, off, and cortex, 
corticis, bark.] 

SCORCHER (skarch'er), n. One who or that 
which scorches. 

SCORCHING (skarch'ing), n. Fast riding on a 
bicycle, motorcycle, or in a motor-car; 
speeding. 

SCORE (skor), n. 1. Mark or notch for keep- 
ing count; line drawn; furrow. 2. Number 
twenty, once represented by a larger notch. 3. 
Reckoning; account; reason. 4. Draught 
of a musical composition with all the parts, 
or its transcript. 5. Number of points gained 
in a game. [A. S. scor, notch.] 

SCORE (skor), v. [pr.p. SCOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCORED (skord).] I. vt. 1. Mark with 
notches or lines. 2. Furrow; cut into but 
not through. 3. Charge. 4. Succeed in 
making or winning, as a victory. 5. Mark 
with stripes. 6. Criticise severely. 7. Music. 
Write down in score. II. vi. 1. Keep score 
or tally. 2. Make a score. 3. Be reckoned 
in a score. 4. Make a hit; be entitled to 
credit. 5. Horse-racing. Try for a start. 

SCORE-CARD (skor'kard), n. Card showing 
position of players in baseball, cricket, etc., 
with spaces for entering the record of each 
player and of the game. 

SCORER (skor'er), n. 1. One who or that 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u.=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



SCORE-SHEET 



971 



SCOURGE 



which scores. 2. One who keeps the score, 
as in a game of baseball or cricket. 

SCORE-SHEET (skor'shet), n. Printed card 
showing the scores made in a game of base- 
ball, cricket, or similar sport. 

SCORIA (sko'ri-a), n. [pi. SCORIAE (sko'ri-e).] 

1. Metall. Dross or slag left from metal or 
ores after their reduction. 2. Geol. Cinders 
of volcanic eruptions; often in the plural. 
[L. — Gr. skoria, dross.] 

SCORN (skarn), v. [pr.p. SCORN'ING; p.U and 
p.p. SCORNED (skarnd).] I. vt. 1. Hold in 
extreme contempt. 2. Treat with scorn; 
mock; scoff at. II. vi. Feel scorn or dis- 
dain. [O. Fr. escarnir — O. H. Ger. scernon, 
mock.] 

SYN. Contemn; disdain; slight; insult; 
mock; spurn. ANT. Honor; regard; ven- 
erate. 

SCORN (skarn), n. 1. Lofty contempt. 2. Ob- 
ject of contempt. 

SCORNER ( skarn 'er), n. 1. One who scorns. 

2. One who scoffs at religion. 
SCORNFUL (skarn fol), a. Full of scorn; con- 
temptuous. 

SCORNFULLY ( skarn 'fol-i), adv. In a scornful 
manner. 

SCORPIO (skar'pi-6), n. Astron. The Scorpion, 
the eighth zodiacal constellation. [L„ scor- 
pion.] 

SCORPION (skar'pi-un), n. 1. Tropical spider- 
like animal, distinguished from the spiders 
by the possession of a ringed or annulated tail, 
terminating in a hooked claw, which is the 
outlet and fang of a poison-gland situated at 
its base. 2. [S-] Astron. Same as SCORPIO. 

3. Whip having points like a scorpion's tail. 
[Gr. skorpios.] 

SCOT (skot), n. Contribution; payment; tax. 
[A. S. scot — scedtan, shoot, contribute.] 

SCORPION-FISH (skar'pi-un-fish), n. Any fish 
of the family Scorpcenidce. Specimens of some 
species common on the North American coast 
of the Pacific reach a length of two feet and 
are a good food-fish resembling the black bass. 
Sebastodes aleutianus, an Alaskan species, 
illustrates the important American genus 
Sebastodes. 




Scorpion-fish (Sebastodes aleutianus) . 

ScORPIURUS (skar-pi-u'rus), n. Genus of 
leguminous plants native to Mediterranean 
countries. They are stemless herbs with simple 
leaves, small yellow flowers, and rough, coiled 
pods. [N.L. — Gr. skorpios, scorpion, and oura, 
tail.] 




SCOT (skot), n. Native of Scotland; Scotch- 
man. [A. S. Scotta.] 

Scotch (skoch), Scot- 
tish (skot'ish), Scots 

(skots), a. Relating to 

Scotland, its people, or 

language. 
SCOTCH (skoch), vt. [pr.p. 

SCOTCHING; p.t. and p.p. 

SCOTCHED (skocht).] 1. 

Cut with narrow incisions. 

2. Wound slightly. [Form 

of SCRATCH.] Kobert Burns, Scot- 

SCOTCH (skoch), vt. [pr.p. land's national poet. 

SCOTCH'ING; p.t. and Bornl759,diedl796. 

p.p. SCOTCHED (skocht).] Prop up; block, 

as a wheel of a wagon. 
SCOTCH (skoch), n. Wedge, prop or bar to 

keep a log or the like from rolling or moving. 

Scotchman (skochman), n. [pi. scotch' - 

MEN.] Native of Scotland; Scot. 
SCOTCH-PINK ( skoch 'pingk), n. Annual plant 

and flower of the 

genus Dianthus, 

sweet smelling and 

very hardy. 
SCOTER (sko'ter), n. 

Sea-duck with dark 

plumage, also called 

the surf duck. [Per- 
haps from Ice. skoti, 

shooter.] 
SCOT-FREE(skot'fre), 

a. Free from scot or 

payment ; untaxed ; 

unhurt; safe. 

Scotland (skof- 

land), n. North part 
of Great Britain. 
Area 30,463 sq.m. 

Scotticism (skoti- 

sizm), n. Scotch 
idiom. 

SCOUNDREL (skown'drel), n. Worthless, low 
fellow; rascal; man without principle. [A. S. 
scunian, shun, disgust.] 

SCOUNDRELISM (skown'drel-izm), n. Con- 
duct of scoundrels; rascality. 

SCOUR (skowr), vt. [pr.p. SCOTJR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCOURED (skowrd).] 1. Clean by rub- 
bing with something rough. 2. Cleanse from 
grease, dirt, etc. 3. Purge. 4. Pass quickly 
over. [Cognate with L. Ger. schueern prob. — 
O. Fr. escurer, sweep — L. excuratus, done care- 
fully — ex- intens., and cura, care.] 

SCOURER (skowr'er), n. One who or that 
which scours. 

SCOURGE (skurj), n. 1. Whip made of leather 
thongs. 2. Instrument of punishment. 3. 
Punishment; any means of inflicting punish- 
ment. [O. Fr. escorge — L. corrigia, strap — 
corrigo, make straight.] 

SCOURGE (skurj), vt. [pr.p. SCOUR'GING; 




Scotch-pink (Dianthus 
plumarius) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burs, 
u=m in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/& in Scotch loch. 



SCOURING 



973 



SCRAWNINESS 




(skowld).] 
look sour, 



p.t. and p.p. SCOURGED (skurjd).] 1. Whip 
with a scourge. 2. Punish severely; chas- 
tise. 3. Greatly afflict; torment. 

SCOURING (skowr'ing), I. n. Act of cleaning 
or rubbing. II. a. Intended for cleaning 
purposes; as, a scouring -brick, a mass of 
silicious earth, used for scouring steel knives, 
etc. 

SCOUT (skowt), n. One sent out to bring in 
tidings, observe the enemy, etc. [O. Fr. escoute 
■ — escouter hear — L. ausculto, listen.] 

SCOUT (skowt), v. [pr.p. SCOUT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCOUT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Spy out; watch 
closely, as a scout. 2. I!,econnoiter. II. vi. 
Act as a scout. 

SCOUT (skowt), vt. [pr.p. SCOUT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCOUT'ED.] Sneer at; reject with dis- 
dain. [Ice. skuti, taunt.] 

SCOW (skow), , c 

n. Large flat- _ ^U^/^rfen^ 

bottomed 

boat ; [Dut. 

s c h o u tv, 

punt.] 

SCOWL(skowl), Scow 

[pr.p. SCOWL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SCOWLED 
Wrinkle the brows in displeasure; 
angry, or gloomy. [Dan. shule.] 

SCOWL (skowl), n. Wrinkling of the brows 
when displeased ; look of sullenness, or anger. 

SCRARRLE (skrab'l) vi. {pr.p. SCRABBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCRABBLED (skrab'ld).] 1. 
Scrawl. 2. Scramble; struggle. [Freq. of 
SCRAPE.] 

SCRARBLE (skrab'l), n. Act of scrabbling. 

SCRAG (skrag), n. 1. Anything thin or lean and 
rough. 2. Rony part of the neck. [Dan. 
skrog, carcass.] 

SCRAGGED (skrag'ed), SCRAGGY (skrag'i), a. 
Lean and rough; uneven; rugged. 

SCRA.GGLY (skrag'li), a. Rugged; unkempt; 
shaggy. 

SCRAMBLE (skram'bl), vi. [pr.p. SCRAM'- 
BLING; p.t. and p.p. SCRAMBLED (skram'- 
bld).] 1. Struggle with hands and feet to seize 
something before others. 2. Move on all- 
fours. — Scrambled eggs, eggs beaten, mixed 
with milk and cooked in a pan under constant 
scraping. [Prov. Eng. scranib, rake together 
with the hands.] 

SCRAMBLE (skram'bl), n. 1. Act of clamber- 
ing on all-fours. 2. Rough or unceremo- 
nious struggle for something. 

SCRAP (skrap), n. 1. Small piece. 2. Uncon- 
nected extract. [Ice. skrap, trifles.] 

SCRAP (skrap), n. Fist-fight; scrimmage; row; 
squabble. (Colloq.) 

SCRAP (skrap), vi. [pr.p. SCRAP'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCRAPPED (skrapt).] Engage in a fist- 
fight or squabble. (Colloq). 

SCRAP-BOOK (skrap'bok), n. Blank book for 
pasting in extracts, prints, etc. 



SCRAPE (skrap), vt. [pr.p. SCRAPING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCRAPED (skrapt).] 1. Rub with some- 
thing sharp. 2. Collect by drawing a sharp 
edge over. 3. Collect by laborious effort and 
save penuriously. 4. Move a foot backward. 
— Scrape an acquaintance, manage by strategy 
to become acquainted with another person. 
[A.S. screpan. Cf. Ice. Norw. Sw. skrapa.] 

SCRAPE (skrap), n. 1. Act of scraping. 2. 
Noise of scraping. 3. Effect of scraping. 4. 
Embarrassing situation ; predicament. 5. Row 
or squabble. 

SCRAPER (skra'per), n. Instrument or tool 
used for scraping. 

SCRAPER FISH (skra'per fish). Fish of the 
family Cottidm, 



genus Raduli- 
nus, with fine 
teeth in bands 
on jaws and 
overlapping spi- 
nous plates on back. 



Scraper Fish (Radulinus 
boleoides) . 



B. boleoides, from 
coast of Southern California, has very elon- 
gate head and body and long snout, its gen- 
eral color light olive. 

SCRAPING (skra'ping), n. That which is 
scraped off. 

SCRAPPY (skrap'i), a. Consisting of scraps; 
fragmentary. 

SCRATCH (skrach), v. [pr.p. SCRATCHING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCRATCHED (skracht).] I. vt. 1. 
Rub or mark the surface of with something 
pointed, as the nails ; tear or dig with the claws. 
2. Draw or write hastily. 3. Erase; efface; 
withdraw, as the name of a horse at a race. 
4. Cancel the name of on a ballot; as, to 
scratch a candidate. 5. Vote against (one or more 
candidates of a party a majority of whose can- 
didates one votes for). II. vi. 1. Use the nails 
or claws in tearing or digging. 2. Rub one's 
self lightly with the nails. 3. Cancel the 
name of a candidate on a ballot. [Sw. kratsa, 
scrape.] 

SCRATCH (skrach), I. n. 1. Mark or tear made 
by scratching. 2. Slight wound. 3. Lino 
in a prize-ring up to which boxers are led. 
4. Lucky unintended shot at billiards. II. a. 
Taken at random or haphazard. — Come up to 
the scratch, meet the opponent; rise to an 
occasion. 

SCRATCHER (skrach'er), n. 1. One who or 
that which scratches. 2. Daybook. 3. Or- 
nith. Gallinaceous bird; one of the Masores. 

SCRAWL (skral), v. [pr.p. SCRAWLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCRAWLED (skrald).] I. vt. Write 
awkwardly or illegibly ; scribble. II. vi. Com- 
pose or write in awkwardly or illegibly. [From 
SCRABBLE,] 

SCRAWL (skral), n. Irregular or inelegant 
writing. 

S CRAWLER ( skral 'er), n. One who scrawls. 

SCRAWNINESS (skra'ni-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being scrawny. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolt; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



SCRAWNY 



973 



SCRIMPINGLY 



SCRAWNY (skra'ni), a. Lean; raw-boned; 
wasted. [Corrup. of SCRAGGY.] 

SCREAK (skrek), vt. Jpr.p. SCREAK'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCREAKED (skrekt),] 1. Scream; 
screech. 2. Creak. [Var. of SCREECH, prob- 
ably affected by analogy of SHRIEK.] 

SCREAK (skrek), n. 1. Screech. 2. Creak. 

SCREAM (skrem), vi. [pr.p. SCREAM'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCREAMED (skremd).] Cry out with 
a shrill cry, as in fear or pain; shriek. [Cf. 
Dan. skriege. Imitative.] 

SCREAM (skrem), n. 1. Shrill, sudden cry. 2. 
Shrill, piercing sound. 

SCREAMER (skrem'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which screams. 2. Something unusually 
striking or extraordinary. 3. Print. Heading 
in unusually bold type. 4. Exclamation point. 
5. Omith. South American bird allied to the 
ducks, having large feet and two strong spurs 
on each of their powerful wings. 

SCREECH (skrech), vi. [pr.p. SCREECHING; 
p.t. and p.p. SCREECHED (skrecht).] Shriek; 
utter a harsh, shrill, and sudden cry. [Ice. 
skrcekja, shriek.] 

SCREECH (skrech), n. 1. Sharp, shrill cry. 2. 
Sharp, shrill noise. 

SCREECH-OWL (skrech'owl), 
so called from its screech- 
ing cry. 

SCREED (skred), n. 1 
Shred; strip, especially of 
mortar, serving as a gauge 
for the plasterer. 2. Ha- 
rangue; tirade. [Variant 
of SHRED.] 

SCREEN (skren), n. 1. That 
which shelters from dan- 
ger or observation. 2. Par- 
tition in churches. 3. 
Coarse riddle for sifting 
coal, etc. 4. Photoengraving. 1. Glass plate 
divided by finely ruled lines of different grades, 
used in the reproduction of photographs or 
other pictures on metal plates from which the 



Kind of owl, 




American Screech 
Owl. 




65-line screen half-tone on zinc. Used principally in 
newspaper work. 




80-line screen half-tone on copper. Used with ordinary 
glazed or calendered paper. 




120-line screen half-tone on copper. Used on best 
grades enameled paper. 

pictures may be printed. 2. The number of 
lines to the inch in such plate. See cuts under 
ENGRAVING and HALF-TONE. [O. Fr. escren.] 

SCREEN (skren), vt. [pr.p. SCREEN'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCREENED (skrend).] 1. Shelter or 
conceal. 2. Pass through a screen or sieve. 

SCREENINGS (skren'ingz), n.pl. That portion of 
anything sifted which passes through the 
screen; as, coal screenings. 

SCREW (skro), n. 1. Cylinder with a spiral 
groove or ridge on either its outer or inner 
surface, used as a fastening and as a mechan- 
ical power. 2. Screw-propeller. 3. Extor- 
tioner. 4. Worn-out horse. [O. Fr. escroue.] 

SCREW (skro), vt. [pr.p. SCREWING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCREWED (skrod).] 1. Apply a screw to; 
tura, as a screw; press with a screw. 2. Twist. 
3. Oppress by extortion. 4. Force; squeeze. 

SCREW-DRIVER (skro'dri-ver), n. Instrument 
for turning screws. 

SCREW-PROPELLER (skro 'pro -pel-er), n. 1. 
Spiral-bladed wheel at the stern of a steam- 
vessel for propelling it. 2. Steamer so pro- 
pelled. 

SCRIBBLE (skrib'l), v. [pr.p. SCRIB'BLING;p.f. 
and p.p. SCRIBBLED (skrib'ld).] I. vt. Scrawl. 
II. vi. Write carelessly and awkwardly. [From 
SCRIBE.] 

SCRIBBLE (skrib'l), n. Careless writing; scrawl. 

SCRIBBLER (skrib'ler), n. One who scribbles; 
hence, a petty writer. 

SCRIBE (skrib), n. 1. Writer. 2. Public writer. 
3. Clerk; amanuensis; secretary. 4. Among 
the ancient Jews, expounder of the Mosaic law. 
[L. scriba — scribo. write.] 

SCRIBE (skrib), vt. [pr.p. SCRIBING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCRIBED (skribd).] 1. Mark by a rule, 
compasses, or other pointed instrument. 2. 
Mark so as to fit one piece to another, as in 
joinery. 

SCRIM (skrim), n. Cloth used for linings, up- 
holstery, and backing panels. 

SCRIMMAGE (skrim'aj), n. Skirmish; general 
fight; tussle; confused close contest, as in 
football. [Corrup. of SKIRMISH.] 

SCRIMP (skrimp), v. [pr.p. SCRIMP'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCRIMPED (skrimpt).] I. vt. Limit 
or stint; scant. II. vi. Be too sparing. [A. S. 
scrimpan, shrink.] 

SCRIMP (skrimp), I. a. Scanty; narrow; de- 
ficient; contracted; close; short. II. n. Close- 
fisted person; niggard. 

SCRIMPINGLY (skrimp'ing-li), adv. Sparingly; 
scantily. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SCRIMPNESS 



974 



SCULL 



SCRI3IPNESS (skrimp'nes), n. Small allow- 
ance; scantiness. 

SCRIP (skrip), n. 1. Piece of paper containing 
writing. 2. Certificate of shares in a joint- 
stock company, subscribed or allotted. [L. 
scriptum, scriptus, p.p. of scribo, write.] 

SCRIP (skrip), n. Small bag or wallet. [Ice. 
shreppa.] 

SCRIPT (skript), n. 1. Written letters; hand- 
writing. 2. Type like written letters. 

HBP 33 J nil /ine U m tcrt/it. 

3. Law. Original draft or writing, as of a will 
or codicil. [L. scriptum.] 

SCRIPTURAL ( skrip 'tur-al), o. Contained in, 
or according to, Scripture; biblical. 

SCRIPTURALLY (skriptur-al-i), adv. In a 
scriptural manner. 

SCRIPTURE (skrip'tur), n. I. The Bible; the 
books of the Old and New Testament; fre- 
quently used in the plural; as, the Scriptures. 
2. [s-] Passage or text from the Bible. [L. 
scriptura — scribo, write.] 

SCRIVENER (skriv'n-er), n. 1. Scribe; writer; 
copyist. 2. One who draws up contracts; 
notary. 3. Money-broker. [O/Fr. escrivain — 
L. scriba, scribe.] 

SCROFULA (skrof'u-la), n. Constitutional tu- 
bercular disease of the glandular and bony 
tissues; struma; king's evil. [L. scrofulas, 
swellings.] 

SCROFULOUS (skrof'u-lus), a. Pertaining to, 
resembling, or afflicted with, scrofula. 

SCROLL (skrol), n. 1. Roll of paper or parch- 
ment ; writing in the form of a roll. 2. Sched- 
ule; list. 3. Spiral ornament; volute of the 
Ionic and Corinthian capitals. [O. Fr. escrol.] 

SCROLL-SAW (skrol'sa), n. Saw passing 
through a hole in a table upon which it cuts 
thin boards into ornamental patterns; light 
jig saw. 

SCRUB (skrub), v. [pr.p. SCRUBBING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCRUBBED (skrubd).] I. vt. Rub hard, 
especially with a brush for the purpose of 
cleansing or scouring. II. vi. 1. Cleanse or 
scour anything by hard rubbing. 2. Drudge. 

SCRUB (skrub), I. n. 1. One who works hard 
and lives meanly. 2. Wornout brush. 3. Low 
underwood. II. a. Of inferior breed or 
stunted growth; lacking proper training, as a 
crew; second team, nine, or eleven, against 
which a 'Varsity team practices. 

SCRUBBER (skrub'er), n. 1. One who scrubs. 
2. Scrubbing-brush. 

SCRUBBY (skrub'i), a. 1. Laborious; penu- 
rious; mean. 2. Small; stunted in growth. 

SCRUB-OAK (skrub'ok), n. American dwarf 
oak, specimen of one of seven or more species. 

SCRUFF (skruf), n. Nape of the neck. [Formerly 
scuft. Cf. Ger. schopf.] 

SCRUMPTIOUS (skrump'shus), o. Fine; de- 
lightful; particular. (Slang.) [Apparently 
formed on analogy of SUMPTUOUS.] 



SCRUNCH (skrunch), v. and n. Same as 

CRUNCH. 
SCRUPLE (skro'pl), n. 1. Small weight (30 
grains). 2. Very small quantity. 3. Reluc- 
tance to decide or act, as from motives of con 
science. [L. scrupulus, dim. of scrupus, sharp 
stone.] 

SCRUPLE (skro'pl), v. [pr.p. SCRU'PLING; p.t 
and p.p. SCRUPLED (skro'pld).] I. vt. Ques 
tion the correctness or propriety of. II. vi. 
Have scruples; doubt. 

SCRUPULOUS (skro'pu-lus), a. 1. Having 
doubts. 2. Conscientious. [L. scrupulosus .] 

SYN. Hesitating; exact; precise. ANT. 
Reckless ; unscrupulous ; confident. 

SCRUPULOUSLY (skro'pu-lus-li), adv. In a 
scrupulous manner. 

SCRUPULOUSNESS (skro'pu-les-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being scrupulous. 

SCRUTINIZE (skro'ti-niz), v. [pr.p. SCRU- 
TINIZING ; p.t. and p.p. SCRUTINIZED (skro'- 
ti-nizd).] I. vt. Examine or regard closely or 
narrowly. II. vi. Make a scrutiny. 

SCRUTINY (skro'ti-ni), n. Careful or minute 
inquiry; critical examination. [L. scrutor, 
search — scruta, old rubbish.] 

SCUD (skud), vi. [pr.p. SCUDDING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCUDDED.] 1. Run quickly. 2. Run 
before the wind in a gale. [Dan. skyde, scud, 
akin to A. S. sceotan, shoot.] 

SCUD (skud), n. 1. Act of scudding. 2. One 
who or that which scuds ; scudder. 

SCUDDER (skud'er), n. One who scuds. 

SCUDO (sko'do), n. [pi. SCUDI (sko'de).] Italian 
silver coin, of the value of an American dol- 
lar. [It. — L. scutum, shield.] 

SCUFF (skuf), v. [pr.p. SCUFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCUFFED (skuft).] I. vt. Roughen surface of. 
II. vi. Walk without making the feet clear the 
ground. [Sw. skuffa — Dan. skuffe; form of 
SHOVE.] 

SCUFFLE (skuf'l), vi. [pr.p. SCUFFLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCUFFLED (skuf Id).] Struggle 
closely ; fight confusedly. [A. S. scufan, shove.] 

SCUFFLE (skuf- 
1), n. Struggle 
for mastery with 
close grappling ; 
confused fight 
or wrestle. 

SCUFFLE-HOE 
(skuf'1-ho), n. 
Hoe that is used by pushing instead of drawing. 

SCULDUGGERY (skul-dug'er-i), n. Contempti- 
ble, underhand rascality. (Colloq.) 

SCULL (skul), n. 1. Short, light oars. 2. 
Small boat; cock-boat. [From SKULL.] 

SCULL (skul), v. [pr.p. SCULL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCULLED (skuld).] I. vt. 1. Impel by sculls. 
2. Propel by working an oar diagonally at the 
stern, without raising the blade from the 
water. II. vi. 1. Propel a boat by means of 
sculls. 2. Admit of being impelled by sculls. 



: 




Scuffle-hoe. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SCULLER 



975 



SCUTTLE 



SCULLER (skul'er), n. 1. One who sculls. 2. 
Boat rowed by one person with a scull or pair 
of sculls. 

SCULLERY (skul'er-i), n. [pi. SCUL'LERIES.] 
Place for washing dishes. [O. Fr. esculier — 
L. scutella, salver, dish.] 

SCULLION ( ul'yun), n. Kitchen servant. 

SCULPIN, SKULPIN (skul'pin), n. 1. Salt-water 
fish with spines. 
2. Mean fellow. 

SCULPTOGRAPH 
(skulp'to-graf),n. 
Photograph rep- 
resenting figures 
in relief. 

SCULPTOR (skulp'- 
tiir), n. One who 
sculptures. 

SCULPTURAL (skulp'tur-al), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to sculpture or engraving. 

SCULPTURE (skulp'tur), n. 1. Art of carving 
figures in wood, stone, etc. It also includes 
the modeling of figures in clay, wax, or other 
material, to be afterwards cast in bronze, 
or other metal. 2. Carved-work. [L. sculp- 
tura — sculpo, carve.] 




Sculpin (Rhamphocottus 
richardsone Griinther) . 




Greek Sculpture 



SCULPTURE (skulp'tur), vt. [pr.p. SCULP'TUR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SCULPTURED (skulp'turd).] 
1. Represent in or by sculpture. 2. Carve out 
of stone or other material. 3. Ornament with 
carved work. 

SCUM (skum), n. 1. Foam; froth; extraneous 
matter rising to the surface of liquids, espe- 
cially when boiled or fermented. 2, Refuse. 
[Dan. skum.] 

SCUM (skum), v. [pr.p. SCUM'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. SCUMMED (skumd).] I. vt. Take the 
scum from. II. vi. Form a scum. 

SCUMMY (skum'i), a. Covered with scum; like 
scum; hence, refuse; low. 

SCUP (skup), n. Food-fish of the Atlantic coast, 
U. S.; porgy. [From Indian name.] 

SCUP (skup), n. Swing. [Dut. schop.] 

SCUP (skup), vt. [pr.p. SCUP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SCUPPED (skupt).] Swing. 

SCUPPER (skup'er), n. 1. Opening in the side 
of a ship for carrying off water from the deck. 



2. Gutter leading to the opening. [0. Fr. 
escupir — L. exspuo, spit out.] 

SCUPPERNONG (skup'er-nong), n. Cultivated 
fox-grape of the southern U. S. and of Mexico. 
[Am. Indian.] 

SCURF (skurf), n. Crust or flaky matter formed 
on the skin; dandruff; anything of a scaly 
nature adhering to the surface. 

SCURFINESS (skurf'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being scurfy. 

SCURFY (skurf i), a. [comp. SCURF'D3R; superl. 
SCURF'IEST.] Covered with or resembling 
scurf. 

SCURRILE (skur'il), a. Grossly opprobrious; 
low ; abusive ; scurrilous. [L. scurrilis — scurra, 
buffoon.] 

SCURRILITY (skur-ril'i-ti), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being scurrilous. 2. That which is 
scurrilous; gross abuse or invective; vulgar 
jocularity. [Fr. scurrilite — L. scurrilis. See 
SCURRDLE.] 

SCURRILOUS (skur'il-us), a. 1. Given to scur- 
rility. 2. Containing low, vulgar, or indecent 
language ; indecently abusive. 

SCURRY (skur'i), vi. [pr.p. SCUR'RYING; p.U 
and p.p. SCURRIED (skur'id).] Move hastily; 
hurry; scamper; hasten. 

SCURRY (skur'i), n. [pi. SCURRIES (skur'iz).] 
1. Hurry ; bustle ; flurry. 2. Scrub race. 

SCURVILY (skur'vi-li), adv. In a scurvy man- 
ner; meanly; basely. 

SCURVINESS (skur'vi-nes), n. State of being 
scurvy; meanness. 

SCURVY (skur'vi), I. n. Disease of sailors and 
others deprived of fresh provisions and vege- 
table food. Bleeding gums and prostration 
are among the symptoms. II. a. Scurfy; 
covered or affected by scurf or scabs; scabby; 
diseased with scurvy; offensive; mean or ma- 
licious, as a trick. [Prob. corrup. from SCOR- 
BUTE.] 

SCURVY-GRASS (skur'vi-gras), n. Northern 
and Arctic plant, anti-scorbutic and eaten as a 
salad. [SCURVY and CRESS.] 

SCUT (skut), n. Short tail, as of a rabbit. [Wei. 
cwt.] 

SCUTATE (sku'tat), a. 1. Shaped like a round 
shield. 2. Protected by large scales. [L. 
scutum, shield.] 

SCUTCH (skuch), vt. [pr.p. SCUTCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCUTCHED (skucht).] Dress by 
beating ; swingle, as flax, to remove the woody 
parts of the stalks. 

SCUTCHEON, n. Same as ESCUTCHEON. 

SCUTELLATE (sku'tel-at), SCUTELLATED 
(sku'tel-a-ted), o. Divided into surfaces like 
little plates. [L. scutellum, dim. of scutum, 
shield.] 

SCUTIFORM (sku'ti-farm), a. Having the form 
of a shield. [L. scutum, shield.] 

SCUTTLE (skut'l), n. Hod; vessel for holding 
coal. [A. S. scutel — L. scutella, salver.] 

SCUTTLE (skut'l), n. 1. Opening or hatchway 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



SCUTTLE 



976 



SEAL 



of a ship. 2. Hole through the hatehes or in 
the side of a ship. 3. Square hole in the roof 
of a house; lid covering the hole. [O. Fr. es- 
coutille, hatchway — O. Ger. scoz — Ger. schoss, 
bosom, flap of a coat.] 

SCUTTLE (skut'l), vt. [pr.p. SCUT'TLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCUTTLED (skut'ld).] Naut. Cut 
holes in the bottom or sides of, as a ship, 
especially for the purpose of sinking. 

SCUTTLE (skut'l), vi. [pr.p. SCUT'TLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SCUTTLED (skut'ld).] Run hastily. 
[Freq. of SCUD.] 

SCUTTLE (skut'l), n. Hurried run; scurry. 

SCUTU3I (sku'tum), n. 1. Oblong shield of the 
heavy armed Roman legionaries. 2. Knee- 
pan. 3. Second and largest section of the 
upper surface of the thoracic segment of an 
insect; any shield-like plate. [L.] 

SCYE (si), n. Hole in a garment to which the 
sleeve is sewed. 

ScYLLA (sil'a), n. Greek Myth. Beautiful 
nymph, changed into a frightful sea-monster, 
rising unexpectedly from the deep. In reality 
it was a dangerous whirlpool in the gulf of 
Messina and an alternative danger with the 
rock Chary bdis. 



(sl-fo-me-du'se), n.pl. 




Scyphomedusae (Pelagia 
panopyra) . 



SCYPHOMEDUS^] 

Ichth. Family of 

sea nettle-fishes 

or jelly-fishes 

found in the wa- 

tersin the vicinity 

of the Hawaiian 

Islands. 
SCYTHE (slth), n. 

Kind of sickle; 

mowing instru- 
ment with con-' 

veniently bent 

handle or snath 

set nearly at a 

right angle to a 

curved blade. The snath is provided with 

two projecting hand-holds. [A. S. slthe.\ 
SCYTHE (sith), n. Kind of sickle; instrument 

with a curved blade for mowing. [A. S. slthe.] 
SE-, prefix. Apart; away. [L.] 
SEA (se), n. 1. Great mass of salt water covering 

the greater part of the earth's surface. 2. 

Any great expanse of water less than an ocean. 

3. The ocean. 4. Swell of the sea in a tem- 
pest; wave. — At sea. 1. Away from land; 

on the ocean. 2. Uncertain; in error; wrong. 

— Half-seas over, half-drunk. — High seas, 

open ocean. — Go to sea, become a sailor. — 

Main sea, the ocean. [A. S. sw.] 
SEA- ANEMONE (se-a-nem'o-ne), n. Soft, pulpy 

polyp with a flower-like fringe of tentacles, in 

the middle of which is the mouth. It is found 

on rocks on the sea-coast. 
SEA -BASS (se'bas), n. Food-flsh (Centropristis 

striatus), common on the Atlantic coast of 

the United States. 



SEA-BEAR (se'bar), n. 1. Polar bear. 2. Fur- 
seal. 

SEABOARD (se'bord), n. Border or shore of the 
sea. 

SEA COAST (se'kost), n. Coast or shore of the 
sea ; land adjacent to the sea. 

SEA-COW (se'kow), n. 1. Manatee. 2. Walrus. 

3. Hippopotamus. 

SEA-DOG (se'dog), n. 1. Sea-lion. 2. Old 
sailor. 

SEA-EAR (se'er), n. Same as ABALONE. 

SEA-ELEPHANT (se'el-e-fant), ». Animal of 
the seal family, with a proboscis like an ele- 
phant. 

SEAFARING (se'far-ing), a. Following the life 
of, or belonging to, a seaman. 

SEA -GAGE (se'gaj), n. 1. Depth a vessel sinks 
in the water. 2. Instrument for measuring 
the depth of the sea. 

SEA-GIRT (se'gert), a. Girt or surrounded by the 
sea. 

SEAGOING (se'go-ing), a. Sailing on the deep 
sea, as opposed to COAST or RIVER (-esseis), 

SEA-GREEN (se'gren), a. Green like the sea. 

SEA-GUDGEON (se-guj'un), n. Icth. Fish ol 
the family Gobiidce. ^_ 
The species Waitea ,^||^| 
mystacina Mm 

is found in 
the waters 
of Samoa 
and Java. Sea-gudgeon K Waitea mystacina). 

SEA-HEDGEHOG (se'hej-hog), n. 1. Sea-ur- 
chin. 2. Bare-toothed, bent-jawed fish with 
prickles or spines. Also called globe-fish on 
account of its power of distending itself by 
swallowing air. 

SEA-HORSE (se'hars), n. 1. Walrus. 2. Hip- 
popotamus or river-horse. 3. Hippocampus. 

4. Fabulous monster, half horse and half 
fish. 

SEA-ISLAND (se'i-land), a. Term applied to a 
fine long-stapled variety of cotton grown on 
the islands off the coast of South Carolina and 
Georgia. 

SEA-KALE (se'kal), n. Kind of cabbage found 
on sandy shores of the sea. 

SEA-KING (se'king), n. Leader of early Scandi 
navian piratical expeditions. 

SEAL (sel), n. Marine animal valua- 
ble for its skin, 
fur and oil. 
Two distinct 
groupsofseals -£p^g^ 




are defined by 
zoologists. 
These are the 
eared seals ( Otaridce) 




Common Seal. 
and the common seals 
(Phocidce), which are destitute of the slight- 
est rudiment of an external ear. The best 
known species of the eared seals are the sea- 
lion and the sea-bear or fur seal. [A. S. seoh] 
SEAL (sel), vt. [pr.p. SEAL'ING; p.t. and p.p> 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch loch. 



SEAL 



977 



SEASONABLE 




Notary's Pocket Seal. 









SEALED (seld).] 1. Set or affix a seal to. 2. 

Fasten with, or as with, a seal. 3. Shut or 

keep close or secret. 4. Attest or confirm. 
SEAL(sel), ra. 1. Engraved stamp for impressing 

the wax which 

closes a letter, 

etc. 2. Wax or 

other substance 

so impressed. 3. 

T ha t which 

makes fast, or 

authentlcates,as 

a notary's seal. 

4. Drain trap. 

[A. S. sigle — L. 

sigillum, dim. of 

slgnum, mark.] 
SEALER (sel'er), 

n. One who 

seals; officer 

who stamps such weights and measures as 

conform to the legal standard. 
SEALER (sel'er), n. One who kills seals. 
SEALING-WAX (sel'ing-waks), n. Resinous 

compound for sealing letters, etc. 
SEA-LION (se'li-un), n* Eared seal (Zalophus). 
SEAL-RING (sel-ring), n. Finger ring set with 

hard stone in which Is en- 
graved in intaglio a seal, 

signet, or similar device. 
SEALSKIN (sel'skin), n. Skin 

ov fur of the seal; woman's 

jacket made of such fur. 
SEAM(sem), n.l. Line formed 

by the sewing together of 

two pieces. 2. Line of union ; 

joint; suture. 3. Vein of 

metal, ore, coal, etc. 4. Thin layer between 

thicker strata. [A. S. seam — siwian, sew.] 
SEAM (sem), vt. [pr.p. SEAM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SEAMED (semd).] 1. Join together with, or 

as with, a seam; form a seam on. 2. Mark 

with a scar or cicatrix. 
SEAMAN (se'man), n. [pi. SEA 'MEN.] Sailor. 
SEAMANSHIP (se'man-ship), n. Art of navi- 
gating ships. 
SEA-MARK (se'mark), n. Object on land serv- 
ing as a guide to those at sea ; beacon. 
SEA-MEW (se'mu), n. Species of gull. 
SEAMING-MA CHINE (sem'ing-ma-shen), n. 

Machine for forming the joints at the edges of 

sheet-metal plates. 
SEAMLESS (sem'les), a. Without a seam. 
SEAMSTRESS (sem'stres), n. Woman who sews. 

[From SEAM; doublet SEMPSTRESS.] 
SEAMY (sem'i), a. 1. Having a seam or seams. 

2. Less presentable ; less pleasing. 
SEANCE (sa-angs'),w. 1. Any sitting. 2. Meet- 
ing of Spiritualists for " communication" 

through mediums. [Fr. — L. sedeo, sit.] 
SEA-OTTER (se'ot-er), n. Large otter-like ani- 
mal (Enhydris marina), of the North Pacific 

with fine chestnut-brown fur. 




Seal Ring. 



SEA-PIECE (se'pes), n. Picture representing a 
scene at sea. 

SEAPORT (se'port), n. 1. Harbor on the sea- 
shore. 2. Town near such a harbor. 

SEAR, SERE (ser), vt. [pr.p. SEAR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SEARED (serd).] Dry up; burn to dry- 
ness on the surface; scorch; cauterize; render 
callous or insensible. [A. S. sedrian.] 

SEAR (ser), a. Withered; dried up; as, sear 
leaves. 

SEARCH (serch), v. [pr.p. SEARCH'ING; p.U 
and p.p. SEARCHED (sercht).] I. vt. Look 
round to find; seek; examine; inspect; ex- 
plore; put to the test. II. vi. Seek; hunt; 
make inquiry. [Fr. chercher — L.L. circo, go 
about.] 

SEARCH (serch), w. Act of searching; explora- 
tion; hunt. 

SEARCHER (serch'er), n. One who searches. 

SEARCHING (serch'ing), a. 1. Minute; close; 
as, a searching inquiry. 2. Penetrating; try- 
ing. 3. Exploring ; investigating. 

SEARCH-LIGHT (serchlit), n. Powerful light 
placed in front of a reflector in such a man- 
ner as to produce a movable, horizontal beam 
of light composed of nearly parallel rays, used 
to throw light on distant objects and to guard 
against the approach of warships by night. 

SEARCH-WARRANT (serch'wor-ant), n. War- 
rant authorizing a constable, etc., to enter and 
search premises of a person suspected of 
secreting stolen goods. 

SEARED (serd), o. Dried up; burned. 

SEA-ROOM (se'rom), n. Space at sea for a ship 
to maneuver or drive about without running 
aground or ashore. 

SEA-SALT (se'salt), n. Common salt obtained 
from sea-water by evaporation. 

SEA-SERPENT (se'ser-pent), w. Fabulous sea- 
monster. 

SEASHORE (se'shor), n. Land adjacent to the 
sea. 

SEASICK (se'sik), a. Affected with seasick- 
ness. 

SEASICKNESS (se'sik-nes), n. Nervous affec- 
tion attended with nausea and convulsive 
vomiting, produced by the motion of a vessel 
at sea. 

SEASIDE (se'sid), n. Land beside the sea. 

SEASON (se'zn), n. 1. One of the four periods 
of the year. 2. Usual or proper time; any 
particular time. [Fr. saison — L. satio, a 
sowing.] 

SEASON (se'zn), v. [pr.p. SEASONING; p.U 
and p.p. SEASONED (se'znd).] I. vt. 1. 
Mature. 2. Prepare for use; accustom. 3. 
Fit for the taste; give relish to. 4. Mingle. 
5. Moderate. II. vi. 1. Become seasoned 
or matured; grow fit for use; become inured. 
2. Become dry and hard. 

SEASONABLE (se'zn-a-bl), a. Happening in 
due season; occurring in good, suitable or 
proper time; timely; opportune. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



SEASONABLENESS 



978 



SECRET 



SEASONABLENESS (se'zn-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being seasonable. 

SEASONABLE (se'zn-a-bli), adv. Sufficiently 
early; in due time. 

SEASONER (se'zn-er), n. One who or that 
which seasons. 

SEASONING (se'zn-ing), n. 1. That which is 
added to food to give it greater relish. 2. 
Act or process by which anything is seasoned. 

SEAT (set), n. 1. That on which one sits; chair, 
bench, etc. 2. Place where one sits; site; 
station; location. 3. Post of authority. 4. 
Right to sit. [A. S. scet — sittan, sit.] 

SEAT (set), vt. [pr.p. SEAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEAT'ED.] 1. Place on a seat; cause to sit 
down. 2. Place in any situation, site, etc.; 
establish ; fix ; assign or furnish a seat to. 3. 
Put a seat or bottom, in, as a chair. 

SEATTLE (se-at'l), n. City, State of Wash- 
ington, on east shore of Puget Sound. 

SEA-URCHIN (se'ur-chin), n. Shell-fish of the 
class Echinoidea, covered with prickles like a 
chestnut bur, and closely related to the star- 
fish. There are many genera and species. Also 
called sea-eggs on account of their ovoid 
shape. 

SEAWARD (se'ward), I. a. Being near or look- 
ing towards the sea. II. adv. Towards or in 
the direction of the sea. 

SEAWEED (se'wed), n. Plant of the sea. 

SEAWORTHINESS (se'wur-fM-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being seaworthy. 

SEAWORTHY (se'wur-*M), a. Fit for sailing on 
the sea. 

SEBACEOUS (se-ba'shus), a. Resembling, se- 
creting, or pertaining to, fat. [L. sebum, 
tallow.] 

SeBASTOPOL (seb-as-to'pol or se-bas'to-pol), 
n. Seaport town, Crimea, Russia. £ 

SECANT (se'kant), I. a. Cutting; 
dividing into two parts. II. n. 1. 
Line that cuts a figure. 2. Trig. 
(See cut) Straight line from the 
center of a circle (D) to one ex- 
tremity (B) of an arc (BC), pro- 
duced till it meets the tangent (CA) 
to the other extremity (C). [L. 
secans — seco, cut.] 

SECEDE (se-sed'), vi. [pr.p. SECE'DING; p.t. and 
p.p. SECE'DED.] Separate one's self; with- 
draw from fellowship or association, especially 
from a religious or political organization. [L. 
se-, away, and cedo, go.] 

SECEDER (se-se'der), n. One who secedes. 

SECESSION (se-sesh'un), n. Act of seceding; 
withdrawal; departure. 

SECESSIONIST (se-sesh'un-ist), n. One who 
favors secession. 

SECKEL (sek'l), n. Small juicy pear. 

SECLUDE (se-klod'), vt. [pr.p. SECLU'DING; 
p.t. and p.p. SECLU'DED.] 1. Keep apart; 
withdraw into solitude. 2. Exclude. [L. 
se-, apart, and claudo, shut.] 




Secant. 



SECLUSION (se-klo'zhun), n. 1. Shutting out; 
being secluded. 2. Secluded place. 

SYN. Separation; retirement; privacy; 
solitude ; solitariness. 

SECLUSIVE (se-klo'siv), a. Inclined to shut 
out; loving solitude; exclusive. 

SECOHM (sek'om), n. Elec. Unit of self-induc- 
tion. [SEC(ond) and OHM.] 

SECOND (sek'und), I. o, 1. Immediately fol- 
lowing the first; next in position; another; 
other. 2. Inferior. II. n. 1. One who or 
that which follows or is second. 2. One who 
attends another in a duel or a prize-fight ; sup- 
porter. 3. 60th part of a minute of time, or 
of a degree. 4. Music. Tone of a scale next 
above a given tone; interval between a tone 
and the one next above it; harmonic com- 
bination of a tone and the one next above it. 
5. [pi.] Article of second grade or inferior 
quality. [Fr. — L. secundus — sequor, follow.] 

SECOND (sek'und), vt. [pr.p. SECONDING; p.t. 
and p.p. SECONDED.] 1. Back up; support; 
encourage; promote; forward. 2. Support 
the motion, question, resolution, etc., of 
(another) in a deliberative body. 3. Act as a 
second of in a duel. 

SECOND-AD VENTIST (sek'und-ad'vent-ist),n. 
One who believes in a second coming of 
Christ. 

SECONDARILY (sek'und-a-ri-li), adv. In a 
secondary manner. 

SECONDARY (sek'und-a-ri), I. a. 1. Coming 
after the first; second in position; inferior; 
subordinate. 2. Deputed. 3. Dependent. 4. 
Elec. Pertaining to the induced current or 
electromotive force in a transformer or in- 
duction-coil. II. n. Subordinate; delegate; 
deputy. — Secondary battery, same as STOR- 
AGE-BATTERY. 

SECONDER (sek'und-er), n. One who seconds. 

SECOND-HAND (sek'und-hand), I. o. Received 
from another; not new; used by another. II. 
n. 1. Possession received from the first pos- 
sessor. 2. Hand for marking seconds on a 
watch or clock. 

SECONDLY (sek'und-li), adv. In the second 
place. 

SECOND-RATE (sek'und-rat), I. a. Of the 
second order in size, quality, value, or the like. 
II. n. That which is second-rate. 

SECOND-SIGHT (sek'und-sit), n. Supposed or 
actual power of seeing things future or beyond 
the range of physical vision. 

SECRECY (se'kre-si), n. 1. State of being 
secret. 2. Retirement; privacy. 3. Ability to 
keep a secret. 4. Secretiveness. 5. Secret; 
article concealed. 

SECRET (se'kret), I. a. 1. Concealed from 
notice; removed from sight; unrevealed. 2. 
Secluded. 3. Keeping secrets. II. n. 1. That 
which is concealed or unknown. 2. Privacy 
[L. secretus — se-, apart, and cerno, separate.] 
SYN. Concealed; private; unseen; ob- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, niit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SECRETARIA 



979 



SECURE 



scure; recondite; latent; clandestine; retired; 
reserved. ANT. Open; public; unconcealed. 







Secret Writing. 

Movable disk with double alphabet to form and 

interpret secret messages. In use by the 

U. S-*Government. 

SECRETARIA (sa-kra-ta-re'a), n. In the Phil- 
ippine Islands, a secretary's office. [Sp.] 

SECRETARIATE (sek-re-ta'ri-at), n. Secretary's 
office or official position. [Fr. secretariat — 
M.L. secretariates, office of secretary — L. sec- 
retarius, secretary.] 

SECRETARY (sek're-ta-ri), n. [pi. SECRETA- 
RIES.] 1. One employed to write for another. 
2. Public officer intrusted with the affairs of 
a department of government. 3. Writing- 
desk. [From SECRET.] 

SECRETARY-BIRD (sek're-ta-ri-berd), ». So. 
African bird with long 
legs, and a crest of feath- 
ers resembling pens stuck 
over the ears. 

SECRETE (se-kret),v«.[pr.p. 
SECRE'TING ; p.t. and p.p* 
SECRE'TED.] l. Hide; 
conceal. 2. Produce from 
the circulating fluids, as 
from the blood in animals, 
or the sap in vegetables. [L. secerno.] 

SECRETION (se-kre'shun), n. 1. Act „f secre- 
ting or separating from a circulating fluid. 2. 
That which is secreted. 

SECRETIVE (se-kre'tiv), a. 1. Tending to or 
causing secretion. 2. Given to secrecy or to 
having secrets. 

SECRETLY (se'kret-li), adv. 1. In a secret 
manner; not openly. 2. Inwardly; in one's 
heart. 

SECRETNESS (se'kret-nes), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being secret. 2. Secretiveness. 

SECRETORY (se-kre'to-ri), a. Performing the 
office of secretion. 

SECT (sekt), n. 1. Body of people who unite in 
holding some particular views, especially in 




Secretary-bird. 



religion and philosophy. 2. Those who dissent 
from an established church. [Fr. secte — L. 
secta, way (cut through) — seco, cut.] 

SECTARIAN (sek-ta'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining, or 
peculiar to, a sect. II. n. One of a sect. 

SECTARIANISM (sek-ta'ri-an-izm), n. Quality 
or character of a sectarian ; devotion to a sect. 

SECTARIATE (sek-ta'ri-at), n. Central office of 
the administration, in India. 

SECTARY (sekt'a-ri), n. [pi. SECT'ARIES.] One 
of a sect. 

SECTILE (sek'til), a. That may be cut with a 
knife. [L. seco, cut.] 

SECTION (sek'shun), n. 1. Act of cutting. 2. 
Division; portion. 3. Plan of any object cut 
through, as it were, to show its interior. 4. 
Line formed by the intersection of two sur- 
faces. 5. Surface formed when a solid is cut 
by a plane. 6. Square mile or 640 acres of 
land; l-36th of a township. 

SECTIONAL (sek'shun-al), a. Pertaining to a 
section or distinct part. 

SECTIONALISM (sek'shun-al-izm), n. Regard 
for the interests of a particular section of one's 
country; local patriotism. 

SECTOR Csektur), n. 1. That which cuts. 3. 
That which is cut off. 3. Portion of a circle 
between two radii and the intercepted arc. 4, 
Mathematical instrument for finding a fourth 
proportional. 

SECULAR (sek'u-lar), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
an age or generation. 2. Coming only once 
in a century. 3. Pertaining to the present 
world, or to things not spiritual. 4. Not bound 
by monastic rules. II. n. 1. Layman. 2. 
Ecclesiastic not bound by monastic rules. [L. 
soecularis — sceculum, age, generation.] 

SECULARISM (sek'u-lar-izm), n. Character of 
being secular. 

SECULARIST (sek'u-lar-ist), n. One who dis- 
cards religious belief and worship, especially 
in education and civil affairs. 

SECULARITY (sek-u-lar'i-ti), n. State of being 
secular or worldly; worldliness. 

SECULARIZATION (sek-u-lar-i-za'shun), n. 
Act of secularizing or state of being rendered 
secular. 

SECULARIZE (sek'u-lar-iz), vt. [pr.p. SECU- 
LARIZING; p.t. and p.p. SECULARIZED 
(sek'ular-izd).] Make secular; convert from 
spiritual to common use. 

SECULARLY (sek'u-lar-li), adv. In a secular 
or worldly manner. 

SECULARNESS (sek'u-lar-nes), n. Secularity. 

SECURABLE (se-kur'a-bl), a. That may be 
secured. 

SECURE (se-kur'), a. 1. Safe; in a state of 
safety or security. 2. Free from fear, care or 
danger. [L. se-, without, and cura, care.] 

SYN. Protected; insured; confident. ANT. 
Exposed; insecure; hazardous. 

SECURE (se-kur'), vt. [pr.p. SECUR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SECURED (se-kurd').l 1. Make safe 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SECURELY 



980 



SEEDILY 




Motor Sedan. 



or secure. 2. Make fast. 3. Make sure and 

certain. 4. Guard or confine effectually. 5. 

Make certain of payment. 6. Gain possession 

of; obtain. 
SECURELY (se-kur'li), adv. In a secure manner. 
SECURENESS (se-kur'nes), n. Quality or state 

of being secure. 
SECURITY (se-ku'ri-ti), n. \pl. SECURITIES 

(se-ku'ri-tiz).] 1. State of being secure. 2. 

That which secures; protection. 3. [pi.] Bonds 

or certificates in evidence of debt or property. 
SYN. Assurance; safety; carelessness; 

pledge; ease; shelter. ANT. Defenseless- 

ness; insecurity; danger; anxiety. 
SEDAN (se-dan'), n. Covered chair for one, 

carried by two 

men or propelled 

by a motor. [In- 
vented at Sedan, 

France.] 
SEDAN (sa-dang'), 

n . Town, in 

France, on the 

Meuse. Battle 

Sept. 1, 1870. 
SEDATE (se-dat')» i,h 

a. Quiet; serene; 3 

serious. [L. se- 

datus — sedo, seat, 

compose.] 

SEDATELY (se-dat'li), adv. In a sedate manner. 
SEDATENESS (se-dat'nes), n. Quality or state 

of being sedate. 
SEDATIVE (sed'a-tiv), I. a. Tending to make 

sedate or composed; moderating; assuaging 

pain. II. n. Medicine that allays irritation or 

pain. [Fr. sedatif — L. sedatus, p.p. of sedo, 

allay.] 
SEDENTARILY (sed'en-ta-ri-li), adv. In a 

sedentary manner. 
SEDENTARINESS (sed'en-ta-ri-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being sedentary. 
SEDENTARY (sed'en-ta-ri), a. 1. Sitting much; 

remaining in one place. 2. Requiring much 

sitting. 3. Inactive. [L.sedentarius — sedeo, sit.] 
SEDGE (sej), n. Kind of coarse grass growing 

in swamps and rivers. [A. S. secg, flag — root 

of saw, cut.] 
SEDGY (sej'i), a. Overgrown with sedge. 
SEDIMENT (sed'i-ment), n. That which settles 

at bottom of a liquid ; dregs. [L. sedimentum — 

sedeo, sit, settle.] 
SEDIMENTARY (sed-i-men'ta-ri), a. Consist- 
ing of, containing, or formed by, sediment; 

as, sedimentary rocks or strata. 
SEDITION (se-dish'un), n. Insurrection; stir- 
ring up of a factious commotion. [L. sedi- 

tionem, accus. of seditio, dissension — se-, sed-, 

apart, and itio, a going — eo, go.] 
SEDITIOUS (se-dish'us), a. Of the nature of, or 

tending to excite, sedition; turbulent. 
SEDITIOUSLY ( se -dish' us-li), adv. In a seditious 

manner. 



SEDITIOUSNESS (se-dish'us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being seditious. 

SEDUCE (se-dus'), vt. [pr.p. SEDU'CEVG;p.*. and 
p.p. SEDUCED (se-dust').] Draw aside from 
rectitude; entice; corrupt. [L. seduco — se-, 
aside, and duco, lead.] 

SEDUCEMENT (se-diis'ment), n. 1. Act of 
seducing. 2. Means used in order to seduce. 

SEDUCER (se-du'ser), n. One who seduces. 

SEDUCIBLE (se-du'si-bl), a. Capable of being 
seduced. 

SEDUCTION (se-duk'shun), n. 1. Act of en- 
ticing from virtue. 2. Art of flattery and de- 
ception. 

SEDUCTIVE (se-duk'tiv), a. Alluring; tempt- 
ing. 

SEDULITY (se-du'li-ti), n. Diligent application ; 
unremitting attention. 

SEDULOUS (sed'u-lus), a. Diligent; constant; 
assiduous. [L. sedulus, sitting, fast, persistent 
— sedeo, sit.] 

SEDULOUSLY (sed'u-lus-li), adv. In a sedulous 
manner. 

SEDULOUSNESS (sed'u-lus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sedulousl 

SEE (se), n. Seat, court, or jurisdiction of a 
bishop, archbishop, or the Pope. [O. Fr. se — 
L. sedes — sedeo, sit.] 

SEE (se), v. [pr.p. SEE'ING; p.t. SAW (sa) ; p.p. 
SEEN (sen).] I. vt. 1. Perceive by the eye. 2. 
Observe. 3. Discover; experience. 4. Visit. 
5. Escort; look after. II. vi. 1. Use the eyes; 
have vision. 2. Discern; understand; notice. 
3. Give attention. [A. S. seon. Cf. Ger. 
sehen.] 

SEE (se), interj. Look! behold! 

SEEABLE (se'a-bl), a. 1. Fit to be seen. 2. 
Capable of being seen. 

SEED (sed), n. 1. Thing sown. 2. Substance 
produced by plants and animals from which 
new plants and animals are generated. 3. 
First principle; original. 4. Descendants. 
[A. S. so3d — sawan, sow.] 

SEED (sed), v. [pr.p. SEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEEDED.] I. vi. 1. Sow seed. 2. Go to 
seed; used frequently of plants intended for 
food but unharvested at the proper time or 
producing seed prematurely; hence, figura- 
tively, degeneration of character in a person. 
3. Shed the seed. II. vt. 1. Sow or scatter, 
as seed. 2. Sprinkle as with seed. 3. Remove 
the seeds from. 

SEEDBUD (sed'bud), n. Germ in the seed; 
ovule. 

SEEDCAKE (sed'kak), w. Sweet cake contain- 
ing aromatic seeds. 

SEEDED (sed'ed), a. 1. Bearing seed. 2. Sown 
or sprinkled with seed. 3. Having the seeds 
removed; as, seeded raisins. 

SEEDER (seder), n. 1. One who or that which 
sows seeds. 2. Seed remover. 

SEEDILY (sed'i-li), adv. In a seedy manner; 
shabbily. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SEEDINESS 



981 



SEISMAL 



SEEDINESS (sed'i-nes), n. Shabbiness; wretch- 
edness. 

SEEDLING (sed'ling), n. Plant reared from the 
seed. 

SEEDLOBE (sed'lob), n. Lobe or leaf of a plant 
which nourishes the growing point or seed. 

SEEDSMAN (sedz'man), n. [pi. SEEDS'MEN.] 

I. One who deals in seeds. 2. Sower. 
SEEDTIME (sed'tim), n. Season for sowing. 
SEEDY (sed'i), a. 1. Abounding with seed; run 

to seed. 2. Having the flavor of seeds (said of 
brandy). 3. Worn out; shabby. 

SEEING (se'ing), I. ro. Sight; vision. II. conj. 
Since. 

SEEK (sek), v. [pr.p. SEEK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOUGHT (sat).] I. vt. 1. Go in search or 
quest of; look for. 2. Inquire for; solicit. 3. 
Strive after. 4. Have recourse to. II. vi. 1. 
Make search. 2. Strive; aim. 3. Use solicita- 
tion. 4. Endeavor; try. [A. S. sScan.] 

SEEKER (sek'er), n. One who seeks. 

SEEM (sem), v. [pr.p. SEEM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEEMED (semd).] I. vi. Appear; look. II. vU 
Befit. [Ice. scema, befit — Ger. ziemen. From 
root of SAME.] 

SEEMER (sem'er), n. One who assumes an ap- 
pearance or semblance. 

SEEMING (sem'ing), I. a. Apparent; specious. 

II. n. Appearance; semblance. 
SEEMINGLY (sem'ing-li), adv. In a seeming 

manner; in semblance; apparently. 
SEEMINGNESS (sem'ing-nes), n. 1. Appear- 
ance; semblance. 2. Plausibility. 
SEEMLINESS (sem'li-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being seemly. 
SEEMLY (sem'li), I. a. Becoming; suitable; 
decent. II. adv. In a decent or suitable man- 
ner. 
SEEN (sen), v. Past participle of SEE. 
SEEP (sep), vi. [pr.p. SEEP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEEPED (sept).] Percolate; trickle. [A. S. 
sipian, soak. Cf.L. Ger. sipen, ooze. Provincial 
SIPE is a variant. Ultimately — A. S. supan, 
sup.] 
SEEPAGE (sep'aj), n. Water which slowly 
drains away, especially the water which in 
irrigated land returns to the main channel 
through the ground. 
SEEPY (sep'i), a. Soggy; said of land not 

properly drained. 
SEER (ser), n. One who foresees events; prophet. 
SEERSUCKER (ser'suk-er), n. Thin linen or 
silk fabric, having a craped or puckered ap- 
pearance. [East Ind.] 
SEESAW (se'sa), I. n. 1. Motion to and fro, as 
in the act of sawing. 2. Play among children, 
in which two seated at opposite ends of a board 
supported in the center move alternately up 
and down. II. a. Moving up and down, or 
to and fro. [Reduplication of SAW.] 
SEESAW (se'sa), vi. [pr.p. SEESAWING; p.U 
and p.p. SEESAWED (se'sad).] Move as in the 
play of seesaw. 



SEETHE (sefft), v. [pr.p. SEETH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SEETHED (setftd).] I. vt. Boil; cook in 
hot liquid. II. vi. Be boiling; be hot; also be 
violently agitated. [A. S. seothan, steam. Cf. 
Ger. sieden.] 
SEETHER (se'ther), n. 1. One who or that 

which seethes. 2. Vessel for boiling. 
SEGMENT (seg'ment), n. 1. Part cut off; 
portion. 2. Part of a circle cut off by a straight 
line. 3. Part of a sphere cut off by a plane. 
[L. segmentum — seco, cut.] 
SEGMENT (seg'ment), vi. [pr.p. SEGMENT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SEGMENTED.] Divide or 
separate into segments. 
SEGMENTAL (seg-men'tal), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to a segment, segments or segmentation; 
having the form of a segment; pertaining to 
the primitive kidneys which are permanent 
in invertebrates and embryonic in verte- 
brates. 
SEGMENT ALLY (seg-men'tal-1), adv. In the 

manner of a segment. 
SEGMENTARY (seg-men'ta-ri), a. Pertaining 
to or revealing segments, especially the ab- 
dominal rings or marks of moths and butter- 
flies. 
SEGMENTATION (seg-men-ta'shun), n. Act 
of dividing into segments; condition of being 
so divided; such division. 
SEGOVIA (se-go'vi-a), n. Province and town, 

Old Castile, Spain. 
SEGREGATE (seg're-gat), v. [pr.p. SEGRE- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. SEGREGATED.] I. 
vt. Separate from others; set apart. II. vi. 
Become separated from others or from the 
main mass or body. [L. segrego — se-, apart, 
and grex, gregis, flock.] 
SEGREGATE (seg're-gat), a. Separated from 

others; set apart; select. 
SEGREGATION (seg-re-ga'shun), n. Act of 

segregating or state of being segregated. 
SEIDLITZ (sed'lits), n. 1. Saline water from 
Seidlitz in Bohemia. 2. Saline aperient pow- 
ders ; called also, Seidlitz powders. 
SEIGNIOR (se'nyur), n. 1. Title of honor to 
superiors in Southern Europe. 2. Lord of a 
manor. — Grand seignior, the Sultan of Turkey. 
[Fr. seigneur — L. senior, senex, old. Doublet 
SIRE.] 
SEIGNIORAGE (se'nyur-aj), n. 1. Percentage 
taken from bullion to pay for the minting of 
the coins from it. 2. Royalty on patents, 
copyright, etc. 
SEIGNIORIAL (se-nyo'ri-al), SEIGNEURIAL 
(se-nu'ri-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a seignior. 
2. Vested with large powers; independent. 
SEINE (san or sen), n. Large net for catching 

fish. [Fr. — L. sagena — Gr. sagSnS.] 
SEINE (san), n. River, France, falls into the 

English Channel. 
SEISMAL (sis'mal), SEISMIC (sis'mik), a. Be- 
longing to, or caused by, an earthquake. [Gr. 
seistnos, earthquake — seid, shake.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SEISMOGRAPH 



SELFISHNESS 



SEISMOGRAPH (sis'mo-graf), n. Apparatus for 
recording earthquake phenomena. [Gr. seis- 
mo8, earthquake, and -GRAPH.] 




Diagrammatic View of Universal Seismograph. 







Seismographic Record. 

1. Slight tremor shown by thickening of line. 2. Record 
of destructive earthquake. 3. a, b, c, d. Record obtained 
1000 miles or more from origin of disturbance. 

SEISMOGRAPHY (sis-mog'ra-fi), n. Descrip- 
tion or account of earthquakes. 

SEISMOLOGICAL (sis-mo-loj'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to seismology. 

SEISMOLOGIST (sis-mol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in seismology. 

SEISMOLOGY (sis-mol'o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of earthquake phenomena; the study 
of earthquakes. [Gr. seismos, earthquake, and 
-LOGY.] 

SEISM03IETER (sis-mom'e-ter), ». Instru- 
ment for automatically giving exact measures 
of the disturbing influence of earthquakes; 
high-grade seismograph. [Gr. seismos, earth- 
quake, and -METER.] 

SEISMOMETRIC (sis-mo-mef rik), a. Pertaki- 
ing to seismometry. 

SEISMOMETRY (sis-mom'e-tri), n. Act or art 
of using a seismometer. 

SEISMOSCOPE (sis'mo-skop), n. Earliest and 
simplest form of earthquake recorder, which 
simply Indicated the existence of seismic in- 
fluences, without either measuring or record- 
ing them. [Gr. seismos, earthquake, and 
-SCOPE.] 

SEISMOTIC (sis-mot'ik), a. Same as SEISMIC. 



SEIZABLE (sez'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being 
seized. 2. Liable to be seized or taken. 

SEIZE (sez), vt. [pr.p. SEIZ'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEIZED (sezd).] 1. Take possession of forci- 
bly; take hold of; grasp; apprehend. 2. Take 
by legal authority. 3. Invade suddenly. [Fr. 
saisir.] 

SEIZER (sez'er), n. One who seizes. 

SEIZIN, SEISIN (se'zin), ». 1. Legal possession. 
2. Act of taking possession. 3. Thing pos- 
sessed. [Fr. saisine — saisir, seize.] 

SEIZURE (se'zhor), n. 1. Act of seizing; cap- 
ture; grasp. 2. Thing seized. 

SELAH (se'la). In the Psalms, a word denoting 
a pause in the musical performance of the 
song. [Heb.] 

SELDOM (sel'dum), adv. Rarely; not often. 
[A. S. seldum; cf. Ger. selten.] 

SELECT (se-lekf), v. [pr.p. SELECTING; p.t, 
and p.p. SELECT'ED.] I. vt. Pick out from 
a number by preference; choose; cull. II. vi. 
Make a selection. [L. selectus, p.p. of seligo, 
choose — se-, apart, and lego, pick.] 

SELECT (se-lekf), I. a. 1. Picked out; chosen. 
2. Exclusive. II. n. That which is chosen or 
selected; usually in the plural; specifically, 
prime or selected oysters. 

SELECTION (se-lek'shun), n. 1. Act of selecting. 
2. Things selected. — Natural selection, that 
process in nature by which plants and animals 
best fitted for the conditions in which they 
are placed, survive, propagate, and spread* 
while the less fitted die out and disappear; 
survival of the fittest. 

SELECTIVE (se-lekt'iv), a. Selecting; tending 
to select. 

SELECTMAN (se-lekf man), n. [pi. SELECT- 
MEN.] In New England, one of a board of 
town officers who manage the affairs of the 
town. 

SELENIUM (sel-e'ni-um), n. Elementary sub- 
stance allied to sulphur. [Gr. seUnS, moon.] 

SELENOGRAPHY (sel-e-nog'ra-fl), n. De- 
scription of the moon. [Gr. selBnS, moon, and 
grapno, write.] 

SELF (self), n. [pi. SELVES (selvz).] 1. One's 
own person. 2. One's personal interest; self- 
ishness* [A. S.] 

SELF-ACTING (self-akt'ing), a. Automatic. 

SELF-CONSCIOUS (self-kon'shus), a. Conscious 
of being observed by others. 

SELF-DENIAL (self-de-ni'al), n. Forbearance 
to gratify one's own appetites or desires. 

SELF-EVIDENT (self-ev'i-dent), o. Evident of 
itself, without proof. 

SELF-EXISTENT (self-egz-isf ent), a. Existing 
by itself and independently of others; existing 
by virtue of one's own nature. 

SELFISH (selfish), a. Regarding one's own 
self; void of regard to others. 

SELFISHLY (self ish-li),odv. In a selfish manner. 

SELFISHNESS (self ish-nes), n. Quality of be- 
ing selfish. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SELF-POSSESSION 



983 



SENATORIAL 



SELF-POSSESSION (self-poz-zesh'un), n. Calm- 
ness; composure. 

SELF-RIGHTEOUS (self-ri'chus), a. Righteous 
in one's own estimation; Pharisaic. 

SELFSAME (self'sam), a. Very same; identical. 

SELF-SUFFICIENCY (self-suf-fish 'en-si), n. 
Quality of being self-sufficient. 

SELF-SUFFICIENT (self-suf-fish'ent), a. Con- 
fident in one's own sufficiency; overbearing. 

SELF-WILLED (self -wild'), a. Obstinate. 

SELL (sel), v. [pr.p. SELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOLD (sold).] I. vt. 1. Transfer (property) 
to another for an equivalent. 2. Betray for 
money. 3. Cheat; impose upon. II. vi. 1. 
Have commerce. 2. Be sold. [A. S. sellan, 
give. Cf. L. Ger. seller, dealer.] 

SELL (sel), n. Imposition; cheat; hoax. (Colloq.) 

SELLER (sel'er), n. One who sells; vender. 

SELTZER (selt'zer), n. Mineral water brought 
from Nieder Selters, a village of Nassau, in 
Germany. 

SELVAGE (sel'vaj), SELVEDGE (sel'vej), n. 
Edge of a fabric, so woven that it does not 
ravel. [SELF and EDGE.] 

SELVES (selvz), n. Plural of SELF. 

SEMAPHORE (sem'a-for), n. Apparatus for 
signaling at a distance, by oscilla- 
ting arms or flags by daylight and 
lanterns by night. [Gr. s&ma, sign, 
and pherd, bear.] 

SEMBLANCE (sem'blans), n. Re- 
semblance; likeness; appearance; 
figure. [Fr. sembler, seem.] 

SEMEN (se'men), n. [pi. SEMINA 
(sem'i-na).] Seed; sperm. [L.] 

SEMESTER (se-mes'ter), n. Term 
of half a year. [L. sex, six, and 
mensis, month.] 

SEMI-, prefix. Half. [L.] 

SEMIANNUAL (sem-i-an'u-al), a. Half-yearly. 

SEMIANNUALLY (sem-i-an'u-al-i), adv. Occur- 
ring or recurring once in every six months. 

SEMIARID (sem-i-ar'id), a. Having less than 
the normal amount of moisture. — Semiarid 
region of the U. S., strip of country running 
north and south between the arid region, 
where irrigation is absolutely necessary to the 
successful prosecution of agriculture, and 
those portions of the U. S. in which the rain- 
fall is usually sufficient for agricultural pur- 
poses. It includes portions of North Dakota, 
South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Texas, 
and is a region where agricultural operations 
cannot, with any assurance of success, be 
undertaken without irrigation. Also written 
semihumid. 

SEMIBREVE (sem'i-brev), n. Whole note. 

SEMICIRCLE (semi-ser-kl), n. Half a circle. 

SEMICIRCULAR (sem-i-ser'ku-lar), a. Having 
the form of a semicircle. 

SEMICOLON (sem'i-ko-lon), n. Punctuation 
mark ( ;) showing a division greater than that 
marked by the comma. 




Semaphore. 



SEMIFLUID (sem-i-flo'id), a. Imperfectly fluid. 

SEMIHUMID (sem-i-hu'mid), a. Same as 
SEMIARID. 

SEMIMONTHLY (sem-i-munth'li), a. Occurring 
or issued twice a month. 

SEMINAL (sem'i-nal), a. Pertaining to seed; 
germinal; original; radical. 

SEMINAR (sem-i-nar')» n. 1. A seminary course. 
2. Group of advanced students studying by 
means of real research, writing of theses, etc. 
[Ger. — L. seminarium; see SEMINARY.] 

SEMINARY (sem'i-na-ri), n. [pi. SEM'INARIES.] 
1. Academy or other place of education. 2. 
Originally, a nursery for rearing plants. [L. 
seminarium, seed-garden.] 

SEMINATION (sem-i-na'shun), n. 1. Act of 
sowing. 2. Dispersion of seed. 

SEMIQUAVER (sem'i-kwa-ver), n. Musical 
note, half the length of a quaver. 

SEMITIC (sem-it'ik), a. Pertaining to the fam- 
ily of languages that includes Hebrew and 
Arabic. [Shem, Gen. x, 21.] 

SEMITONE (sem'i-ton), n. Half a tone. 

SEMIVOWEL (sem-i-vow'el), n. Half-vowel; 
sound partaking of the nature of both a con- 
sonant and a vowel, as l, r, or w, y, and m, n. 

SEMOLINA (sem-o-le'na), n. Particles of fine 
hard wheat which do not pass into flour in 
milling. [It. semola — L. simila, finest wheat 
flour.] 

SEMPITERNAL (sem-pi-ter'nal), a. Everlast- 
ing; endless. [L. sempiternus — semper, ever, 
and mternus, eternal.] 

SEMPSTER (semp'ster), SEMPSTRESS (semp'- 
stres), n. Woman who sews. [See SEAM- 
STRESS.] 

SEN (sen), n. [pi. SEN.] Japanese copper coin, 
the one hundredth part of a yen and equal in 
value to half a cent United States money. The 
sen is coined in five, ten, twenty, and fifty sen 
pieces, in silver. 




A 50-Sen Piece 

SENARY (sen'a-ri), a. Containing six or belong- 
ing to six. [L. seni, six each.] 

SENATE (sen'at), n. Legislative or deliberative 
body, especially the upper house of a national 
or state legislature. [L. senatus — senex, senis, 
old.] 

SENATOR (sen'a-tfir), n. Member of a senate. 

SENATORIAL (sen-a-to'ri-al), a. 1. Of or per- 
taining to a senate. 2. Entitled to elect a 
senator; as, a senatorial district. 



fate, :at, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SENATORIAL!, Y 



984 



SENSUAL 



SENATORIALLY (sen-a-to'ri-al-i), adv. In a 
senatorial manner. 

SEND (send), v. [pr.p. SEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SENT.] I. vt. 1. Cause to go; cause to be con- 
veyed. 2. Throw; emit. 3. Diffuse. 4. Be- 
stow; inflict. II. vi. Despatch a message or 
messenger. [A. S. sendan.] 

S YN. Despatch ; transmit ; depute ; impel ; 
eject. ANT. Bring; retain; receive. 

SEND (send), n. 1. That which is sent or given, 
as in "Godsend." 2. Large broad wave ; im- 
pulse of a large wave. 

SENDER (send'er), n. One who sends. 

SEND-OFF (send'af), n. Encouraging demon- 
stration or aid on the occasion of one's going 
away or venturing upon some course or enter- 
prise. 

SeNEGAMBIA (sen-e-gam'bi-a), n. Region in 
West Africa. Area 290,000 sq. m. 

SENESCENT (se-nes'ent), a. Growing old; 
aging. [L.] 

SENESCHAL (sen'e-shal), n. Steward; major- 
domo. [L. L. siniscalcus — Goth, sini, old, and 
skalk, servant.] 

SENILE (se'nil or se'nil), a. Pertaining to old 
age; infirm. [L. senilis — senex, old.] 

SENILITY (se-nil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being senile; old age. 

SENIOR (sen'yiir), I. a. 1. Older. 2. Older in 
office. II. n. 1. One older than another. 2. 
One older in office. 3. Aged person. 4. Stu- 
dent in last year of his college course. [L., 
comp. of senex, old.] 

SENIORITY (se-ni-or'i-ti), n. Quality or con- 
dition of being senior. 

SENNA (sen'a), n. Dried, purgative leaves of 
several species of cassia. [Ar. sena.] 

SENNIT (sen'it), n. 1. Naut. Flat braided cord. 

2. Plaited straw or palm-leaf slips. for hats, 
etc. [Contr. from SEVEN-KNIT.] 

SENOR (sa-nyor'), n. Spanish form of address, 

corresponding to the English Mr. or Sir. [Sp.] 
SENORA (sa-nyo'ra), n. Feminine of SENOR; 

Mrs.; Madam. [Sp.] 
SENORITA (sa-nyo-re'ta), n. Young lady; Miss. 

[Sp.] 
SENSATION (sen-sa'shun), n. 1. Perception 

by the senses. 2. State of excited feeling. 

3. That which causes general excitement. [Fr. 
— L. sensus, sense.] 

SENSATIONAL ( sen-sa'shun -al), a. 1. Designed 
to create a sensation; producing excited 
feeling or interest. 2. Sentient. 

SENSATIONALISM (sen-sa'shun-al-izm), n. 1. 
Doctrine that our ideas originate solely in 
sensation, and that there are no innate ideas. 
2. Practice of exciting the reader or hearer, 
or of gratifying vulgar curiosity. 

SENSATIONALIST (sen-sa'shun-al-ist), n. 1. 
One who assigns a physiological origin to 
mental phenomena. 2. One who uses sen- 
sational methods. 

SENSE (sens), n. 1. Faculty by which impres- 



sions are perceived, as sight, hearing, smell, 
taste and touch. 2. Perception through the 
intellect. 3. Power or soundness of judg- 
ment. 4. Opinion. 5. Meaning. [Fr. sens — 
L. sensus, p.p. of sentio, feel.] 

SYN. Feeling; sensation; reason; dis- 
cernment; understanding; conviction; sig- 
nification; import. ANT. Insensibility; 
misapprehension; nonsense. 

SENSE (sens), vt. [pr.p. SEN'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
SENSED (senst).] 1. Perceive by means of 
any of the senses. 2. Comprehend; under- 
stand. 

SENSELESS (sens'les), a. 1. Without sense. 2. 
Incapable of feeling; foolish. 

SENSELESSLY (sens'les-li), adv. In a senseless 
manner; without sense. 

SENSELESSNESS (sens'les-nes), n. 1. Insensi- 
bility. 2. Want of good sense or judgment; 
stupidity. 

SENSIBILITY (sen-si-bil'i-ti), n. [pi. SENSI- 
BILITIES.] 1. State or quality of being 
sensible. 2. Capacity or acuteness of feeling; 
susceptibility; delicacy. 3. Actual feeling. 
SYN. Feeling; refinement; impressible- 
ness. ANT. Insensibility; insusceptibility; 
coarseness. 

SENSIBLE (sen'si-bl), a. 1. Capable of being 
perceived by the senses or by the mind. 2. 
Capable of being affected; easily affected; 
delicate. 3. Intelligent; judicious. 4. Cog- 
nizant; aware. 

SENSIBLENESS (sen'si-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sensible. 

SENSIBLY (sen'si-bli), adv. In a sensible man- 
ner. 

SENSITIVE (sen'si-tiv), a. 1. Having sense or 
feeling; pertaining to sensation. 2. Very 
susceptible to sensations; easily affected. 

SENSITI VEL Y (sen'si-tiv-li), adv. In a sensitive 
manner. 

SENSITIVENESS (sen'si-tiv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sensitive. 

SENSITIVE-PLANT (sen'si-tiv-plant), n. Plant 
of the genus Mimosa, having leaves which 
collapse and fold up when touched. The 
typical species (Mimosa pudica) is a native of 
the American tropics, and often cultivated 
in hot-houses. 

SENSITIZE (sen'si-tiz), vt. [pr.p. SEN'SITIZING; 
p%. and p.p. SENSITIZED (sen'si-tizd).] 
Photog. Render capable of being acted on by 
actinic rays of light. 

SENSORIAL (sen-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to the 
sensorium. 

SENSORIUM (sen-so'ri-um), SENSORY (sen'so- 
ri), n. Organ which receives the impressions 
made on the senses ; seat of sensation ; nerv- 
ous system. 

SENSORY (sen'so-ri), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
the sensorium. 2. Conveying sensation. 

SENSUAL (sen'sh6-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, 
affecting, or derived from, the senses, as dis- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, IduTO, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SENSUALISM 



985 



SEPARATOR 



tinct from the mind; not intellectual or spir- 
itual. 2. Given to the pleasures of sense; 
voluptuous ; lewd. 3. Worldly ; carnal. [L.L. 
sensualis.] 

SENSUALISM (sen'sho-al-izm), n, 1. Sensual 
appetite or indulgence. 2. Doctrine that all 
ideas are derived originally, and merely 
transformed, from the senses. 

SENSUALIST (sen'sho-al-ist), n. 1. One given 
to sensualism or sensual indulgence. 2. 
Believer in the doctrine of sensualism. 

SENSUALITY (sen-sho-al'i-ti), n. Indulgence 
in sensual pleasure ; luxuriousness. 

SENSUALIZE (sen'sho-al-Iz), vt. [pr.p. SEN'- 
SUALIZING; p.t. and p.p. SENSUALIZED 
(sen'sho-al-Izd).] Make sensual; debase by 
carnal gratification. 

SENSUALLY (sen'sho-al-i), adv. In a sensual 
manner. 

SENSUALNESS (sen'sho-al-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sensual. 

SENSUOUS (sen'sho-us), a. 1. Pertaining to 
the senses. 2. Connected with sensible 
objects. 3. Full of passion. 

SENT, v. Past tense and past participle of 
SEND. 

SENTENCE (sen'tens), w. 1. Opinion or deter- 
mination of a court. 2. Judgment, especially 
one pronounced on a criminal by a court or 
judge. 3. Maxim ; axiom. 4. Group of 
words containing a complete thought. [L. 
sententia, opinion.] 

SENTENCE (sen'tens), vt. [pr.p. SEN'TENCING; 
p.t. and p.p. SENTENCED (sen'tenst).] Pro- 
nounce judgment on; condemn. 

SENTENTIAL (sen-ten'shal), a. 1. Pertaining 
to a sentence. 2. Comprising sentences. 

SENTENTIALLY (sen-ten'shal-i), adv. In a sen- 
tential manner ; in the form of a sentence. 

SENTENTIOUS (sen-ten'shus), a. 1. Abound- 
ing with sentences or maxims. 2. Short and 
pithy in expression; bombastic; affected in 
speech. 

SENTENTIOUSLY (sen-ten'shus-li), adv. In a 
sententious manner. 

SENTENTIOUSNESS (sen-ten'shus-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being sententious. 

SENTIENCE (sen'shi-ens or sen'shens), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being sentient; faculty of per- 
ception. 

SENTIENT (sen'shi-ent), a. 1. Having the 
faculty of perception and sensation. 2. Very 
sensitive. [L. sentiens, pr.p. of sentio, per- 
ceive by the senses, feel.] 

SENTIMENT (sen 'ti-ment), n. 1. Thought occa- 
sioned by feeling. 2. Opinion; judgment. 
3. Sensibility; feeling. 4. Thought expressed 
in words; maxim; toast. [Fr. sentiment — L. 
sentio, feel.] 

SENTIMENTAL (sen-ti-men'tal), a. 1. Abound- 
ing in reflections or emotions. 2. Having 
an excess of sentiment or feeling; affectedly 
tender. 



SENTIMENTALISM (sen-ti-men'tal-izm), SEN- 
TIMENTALITY (sen-ti-men-tal'i-ti), n. 1. 
Quality of being sentimental. 2. Affectation 
of fine feeling. 

SENTIMENTALIST (sen-ti-men'tal-ist), n. One 
who affects fine feeling. 

SENTIMENTALIZE (sen-ti-men'tal-Iz), vi. [pr. 
p. SENTIMENTALIZING ; p.t. and p.p. SEN- 
TIMENTALIZED (sen-ti-men'tal-Izd).] Affect 
sentiment or sensibility. 

SENTIMENTALLY (sen-ti-men'tal-i), adv. In 
a sentimental manner. 

SENTINEL (sen'ti-nel), n. One who keeps 
watch, pacing to and fro; sentry. [Fr. 
sentinelle, dim. of sente, path.] 

SENTINEL-CRAB (sen'ti-nel-krab), n. Large 
crab (Podophthalmus vigil), of the Indian 
Ocean, having protruding eyes which com- 
mand an extensive view. 

SENTRY (sen'tri), n, [pi. SEN'TBIES.] 1. Sen- 
tinel. 2. Duty of a sentinel; guard; watch. 
[From root of SENTINEL.] 

SEOUL (sa-ol'), n. Capital 
of Korea (Chosen), on 
Ham River. 

SEPAL (se'pal or sep'al), n. 
Calyx-leaf. [L., root of 
SEPARATE.] 

SEPARABILITY (sep-a-ra- 
bil'i-ti), n. Separable- 
ness. 

SEPARABLE (sep'a-ra-bl), 
a. That may be separa- 
ted or disjoined. 

SEPARABLENESS (sep'a-ra-bl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being separable. 

SEPARABLY (sep'a-ra-bli), adv. In a separable 
manner. 

SEPARATE (sep'a-rat), v. [pr.p. SEP'ARATING; 
p.t. and p.p. SEPARATED.] I. vt. 1. Dis- 
unite; disjoin; sever. 2. Set apart from a 
number* 3. Make a space or interval between ; 
part. II. vi. 1. Be disunited or disjoined; 
break up into parts. 2. Come apart. [L. 
separo, separatus — se-, aside, and paro, put.] 

SEPARATE (sep'a-rat), a. 1. Unconnected; 
distinct. 2. Disembodied. 

SEPARATELY (sep'a-rat-li), adv. Apart; dis- 
tinctly; singly. 

SEPARATENESS (sep'a-rat-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being separate. 

SEPARATION (sep-a-ra'shun), n. 1. Act of 
separating or disjoining. 2. State of being 
separate. 3. Disunion. 4. Limited divorce. 

SEPARATISM (sep'a-ra-tizm), n. Act of with- 
drawing from an established church. 

SEPARATIST (sep'a-ra-tist), n. One who with- 
draws, especially from an established church; 
dissenter. 

SEPARATOR (sep'a-ra-tur), n. 1. One who 
separates. 2. Machine or implement that 
separates, as cream from milk, chaff from 
wheat, etc. 




1. Sepal. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



SEPIA 



986 



SEQUESTRATOR 




Sepoy. 



SEPIA (se'pl-a), n. Fine brown pigment pre- 
pared from the "ink" of the cuttlefish; In- 
dian or China ink, [Gr., cuttlefish.] 

SEPOY (se'poi), n. Native soldier, 
whether Hindu or Mohammedan, 
in the British army in India. 
[Hind, sipahi, soldier — Pers. sipah, 
army. Cf. Fr. spahi.] 

SEPPUKU (sep-pok'o), n. Hari-kari. 
[Jap., cut the abdomen.] 

SEPSIN (sep'sin), n. Toxic pto- 
maine sometimes found in de- 
composed blood, yeast of putre- 
fying beer and other putrid com- 
pounds. [Gr c sgpsis, putrefaction.] 

SEPSIS (sep'sis), n. Putrefaction ; infection by 
pathogenic bacteria ; septemia. [Gr. sepsis — 
sepo, make putrid.] 

SEPTAPHONE (sep'ta-fon), n. Brazen horn 
with seven belled mouths, from which a varied 
succession of sweet sounds proceed. As each 
valve is pushed to direct the sound to its chan- 
nel a small electric bulb lights up over the top 
of the cavity whence the music comes, and a 
deaf person having a reading knowledge of 
notes watching the lights as they spring on 
and off, can follow the melody, thus actually 
seeing the music. [L. septem, seven, and 
-PHONE.] 

SEPTEMBER (sep-tem'ber), n. Ninth month of 
the year. [L. septem, seven. September 
was the seventh month of the old Roman 
year, which began in March.] 

SEPTEMIA, SEPT^EMIA (sept-e'mi-a), n.Pathol. 
Septic blood poisoning. [Gr. ssptos, putrid, 
and haima, blood.] 

SEPTENARY (sep'ten-a-ri), I. a. 1. Consisting 
of seven. 2. Lasting seven years. II. n. 
Group of seven things. [L. septenarius — sep- 
tem, seven.] 

SEPTENNIAL (sep-ten'i-al), a. 1. Lasting seven 
years. 2. Happening every seven years. 

SEPTENNIALLY (sep-ten'i-al-i), adv. Once in 
seven years. [L. septem, seven, and annus, 
year.] 

OEPTENTRIO (sep-ten'tri-6), n. Astron. The 
Great Bear; Ursa Major. [L. septem, seven, 
and trio, plow oxen.] 

SEPTIC (sep'tik), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
sepsis; promoting putrefaction. II. n. Sub- 
stance that promotes putrefaction. [Gr. s§p- 
tikos — sSpo, make putrid.] 

SEPTICEMIA, SEPTICEMIA (sep-tis-e'ml-a), 
n. Same as SEPTEMIA. 

SEPTILLION (sep-til'yun), n. In French and 
American numeration, the eighth power of a 
thousand, represented by a unit followed by 
twenty-four ciphers; in English numeration, 
the seventh power of a million, represented 
by a unit followed by forty-two ciphers. [L. 
septem, seven, and MILLION.] 

SEPTUAGENARIAN (sep-tu-aj-e-na'ri-an), n. 
Person seventy years old. 



SEPTUAGENARY (sep-tu=aj'e-na-ri), I. a. 
Consisting of seventy. II. n. One seventy 
years old. [L. septuagenarius — septuageni, 
seventy each.] 

SEPTUAGESIMA (sep-tu-a-jes'i-ma), n. Third 
Sunday before Lent (seventieth day before 
Easter). [L. septuagesimus, seventieth.] 

SEPTUAGESIMAL (sep-tu-a-jes'i-mal), o. Con- 
sisting of seventy; counted by seventies. 

SEPTUAGINT (sep'tu-a-jint), n. A Greek ver- 
sion of the Old Testament, said to have been 
made by seventy translators at Alexandria 
about 300 years B.C. [L. septuaginta, sev- 
enty.] 

SEPTUM (sep'tum), n. [pi, SEPTA (sep'ta).] Par- 
tition wall separating two cavities or cells; any 
dividing wall. [L. sepio, hedge in.] 

SEPTUPLE (sep'tu-pl), a. Sevenfold. IFr.J 

SEPULCHER, SEPULCHRE 
(sep'ul-ker), n. Burial 
vault; tomb; grave. [Fr. 
sepulcre — L. sepulcrum— 
sepultus, p.p. of sepelio, 
bury.] 

SEPULCHER, SEPULCHRE 
(sep'ul-ker), vt. [pr.p. SEP'- 
ULCHERING; p.U and p.p. 
SEPULCHERED (sep'ul- 
kerd).] Place in a sepul- 
cher; entomb; inter; bury. 

SEPULCHRAL (se-pul'kral), 
a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
a sepulcher. 2. Sugges- 
tive of a sepulcher; 
hence, deep, grave, 
hollow in tone ; as, 
a sepulchral voice. 

SEPULTURE (sep'- 
ul-tur), n. Inter- 
ment; burial. 

SEQUEL (se'kwel), n 

continuation; succeeding part 
quence. [L.L. sequela.] 

SEQUENCE (se'kwens), n. 1. State of being 
sequent or following. 3. Order of succession. 
3. That which follows; consequence; result. 

SEQUENT (se'kwent), a. Following; succeeding. 

SEQUESTER (se-kwes'ter), v. [pr.p. SEQUES'- 
TERING; p.t. and p.p. SEQUESTERED (se- 
kwes'terd)/] I. vt. 1. Separate. 2. With- 
draw from society. 3. Set apart; seclude. 4. 
Place (anything contested) into the hands of a 
third person till the dispute is settled. 5. Seize 
and confiscate. II. vi. Renounce any in- 
terest in the estate of a husband. [L.L. se- 
questro — sequester, trustee.] 

SEQUESTRATE (se-kwes'trat), vt. [pr.p. SE- 
QUES'TRATING; p.t. and p.p. SEQUES'- 
TRATED.] Sequester. 

SEQUESTRATION (sek-wes-tra'shun), n. Act 
of sequestrating. 

SEQUESTRATOR (sek'wes-tra-tur), n. One 
who sequesters property; receiver. 




Chinese Sepulcher; 

That which follows; 
result; conse- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SEQUIN 



987 



SEROSITY 






SEQUIN (se'kwin), n. Gold Venetian coin of 
the 13th century, worth about S2.25. [Fr. — 
It. zechino — zecca, mint — Ar. sekkah, die.] 

SEQUOIA (se-kwoi'a), n. I. Genus of gigantic 
coniferous trees, including two species, the 
redwood {Sequoia sempervirens) and the 
mammoth or "big tree" (Sequoia gigantea or 
washingtoniana), which sometimes attains a 
height of 300 feet and a diameter of 30 feet. 
Both species are natives of California. 2. 
(s-J Tree of the genus Sequoia, [Am. Ind.] 




Big Tree (Sequoia gigantea), 30 feet in diam- 
eter, Mariposa Grove, California. 

SERAGLIO (se-ral'y6), w. 1. Palace of the 
Turkish Sultan. 2. Harem. [It. serraglio, 
inclosure — serrare, lock up, shut in.] 

SERAPH (ser'af), n. [pi. SER'APHS or SER- 
APHIM.] Angel of the highest order. [Heb. 
seraphim, akin to sar, prince, in plural, angels.] 

SERAPHIC (ser-af'ik), SERAPHICAL (ser-af'- 
ik -al), a. Angelic; pure; heavenly. 

SERAPHIM (ser'a-flm), n. Plural of SERAPH. 
Sometimes erroneously used as If it were a 
singular, with plural seraphims. 

SERE, v and a. Same as SEAR. 

SERENADE (ser-e-nad')» n. 1. Evening music 
in the open air. 2. Music performed by a 
lover under his lady's window at night. [Fr. 
serenade.] 

SERENADE (ser-e-nad'), v. [pr.p. SERENA'- 
DING; p.U and p.p. SERENADED.] I. vt. 
Entertain with a serenade. II. vi. Engage 
in a serenade. 

SERENE (se-ren'), a Calm; unclouded. [L. 
serenus, clear.] 

SYN. Bright; clear; undisturbed; un- 
ruffled; halcyonic. ANT. Turbid; stormy; 
agitated. 

SERENITY (se-ren'i-ti), n. Quality or condition 
of being serene. 

SERF (serf), ». 1. Servant or laborer attached to 



an estate. 2. Peasant; rustic. 3. One in ser- 
vile subjection. [Fr. — L. servus, slave.] 

SERFDOM (serf'dum), «. Condition of a serf. 

SERGE (serj), w. Cloth of twilled worsted 
or silk. [Fr. — L. serica, silk — Seres, Latin 
name of the people of China.] 

SERGEANCY (sar jen-si), n. Office of a ser- 
geant; sergeantship. 

SERGEANT (sar'jent), n. 1. Non-commis- 
sioned officer next above a corporal. 2. In 
England, lawyer of high rank. [Fr. sergent — 
L. serviens, pr.p. of servio, serve.] 

SERGEANT-AT-ARMS (sar'jent-at-armz), n. 
Officer of a legislative body who enforces order. 

SERGEANT-MAJOR (sar'jent-ma-jur),n. High- 
est non-commissioned officer of a regiment. 

SERGEANTSHIP (sar'jent-ship), n. Office or 
position of a sergeant. 

SERIAL (se'ri-al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to, or 
consisting of, a series. 2. Appearing pe- 
riodically. II. n. Composition appearing in 
successive parts, as in a periodical. 

SERIALITY (se-ri-al'i-ti), n. Sequence. 

SERIALLY (se'ri-al-i), adv. In a series. 

SERIATE (se'ri-at), a. Arranged in a series. 

SERIATELY (se'ri-at-li), adv. In a regular 
series; seriatim. 

SERIATIM (se-ri-a'tim), adv. In regular order; 
one after the other. [L.L.] 

SERIES (se'rez or se'ri-ez), n. IT 

I. Succession; sequence. 2. k. 
Progression of quantities ac- - 
cording to a certain law. — f 
Series winding, winding of a 
dynamo so that the wire 
around the electric magnets 
forms part of the exterior cir- 
cuit. [L.] 

SERIO-COMIC (se-ri-6-kom'ik), 
a. Both serious and comical. 

SERIOUS (se'ri-us), a. 1. Sol- 
emn; grave. 2. In earnest. 
3. Important. 4. Dangerous. 

SERIOUSLY (se'ri-us-li), adv. 1. 
manner; gravely; sincerely. 2. 

SERIOUSNESS (se'ri-us-nes), n. 
state of being serious. 

SERMON (ser'mun), w. 1. Discourse on a text of 
Scripture. 2. Any serious discourse or ex- 
hortation to duty. [L. sermo — sero, compose.] 

SERMONETTE (ser-mun-ef), n. Short sermon. 

SERMONIZE (ser'mun-iz), v. [pr.p. SERMON- 
IZING; p.U and p.p. SERMONIZED (ser'mun- 
izd).] I. vt. Preach a sermon to; lecture. 

II. vi. 1. Preach. 2. Write or compose 
sermons. 3. Dogmatize. 

SEROLOGY (se-rol'o-ji), n. Study of blood se- 
rum; discrimination of different species of 
animals by chemical test of the albumen dis- 
solved in the blood serum. [SERUM and 
-LOGY.] 

SEROSITY (se-ros'i-ti), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being serous. 2. Serum. 




Series winding 
of dynamo. 

[L. serius.] 

In a serious 

Dangerously. 

Quality or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SERO-THERAPY 



SET 



SERO-THERAPT (se'ro-ther-a-pi), n. Practice 
of injecting immunized animal serum into 
human veins as a cure or prevention of certain 
diseases. [SERUM and THERAPY.] 

SEROUS (se'rus), a. Resembling serum; thin; 
watery. 

SERPENT (ser'pent), n. 1. Reptile which 
moves by means of its ribs and scales. 2. 
Person subtle or malicious. 3. [S-] One of 
the constellations. 4. Bass wind-instrument, 
so called from its form. [L. serpens — serpo, 
creep.] 

SERPENTINE (ser 'pen-tin), I. a. Resembling 
a serpent; winding; spiral; crooked. II. w. 
Mineral of a green, black, or red color, some- 
times spotted like a serpent's skin. 

SERRATE (ser 'at), SERRATED (ser'a-ted), a. 
Notched like a saw. [L. serratus — serra, 
saw.] 

SERRATION (ser-5'shun), n. Formation in the 
shape of a saw. 

SERRIED (ser'id), o. Crowded; compact; pressed 
together. [From obsolete serry — Fr. serrer, 
crowd.] 

SERUM (se'rum), n. 1. Watery part, as of 
curdled milk, blood, etc. 2. Chyle; lymph. 

3. Antitoxin; as, serum *' 606," a remedy for 
blood diseases, discovered by Dr. Paul Ehrlich, 
in 1910. — Serum therapy, same as SERO- 
THERAPY. [L., whey.] 

SERVAL (ser'val), n. African wildcat (Fells 
serval). 

SERVANT ( ser v 'ant), w. One who is in the serv- 
ice of another; domestic; slave. [Fr., pr.p. 
of scrvir, serve.] 

SERVE (serv), v. [pr.p. SERVING; p.t. and p.p. 
SERVED (servd).] I. vt. 1. Work for; be 
in the employment of. 2. Promote the in- 
terest or welfare of. 3. Be in subjection to. 

4. Answer the purpose of; suit; suffice. 5. 
Wait upon; supply with food. II. vi. 1. Be 
or act as a servant. 2. Discharge the duties 
of an office or employment. 3. Be in sub- 
jection or servitude. 4. Be suitable or effec- 
tive. [L. servio.] 

SYN. Benefit; attend; help; assist; aid; 

promote; advance; suffice; answer. ANT. 

Command; oppose; baffle. 
SERVER (serv'er), n. 1. One 

who serves. 2. That which 

is employed in serving; 

salver. 
SER VIA (ser'vi-a), n. King- 
dom, S. of Hungary. Capital 

Belgrade. Area 19,050 sq.m. 

Servian (ser'vi-an), i. ». 

Native of Servia. II. a. 
Of or relating to Servia. 
SERVICE (serv'is), n. 1. Alexander I, King 
Condition or occupation o« ^f^^S 
a servant; performance of 1993. 
work for another. 2. Duty 
required in any office ; military or naval duty. 




3. Office of devotion; worship. 4. Labor, 
assistance or kindness to another; benefit. 5. 
Profession of respect. 6. Set of dishes at 
table. [Fr. — L. servitium — servio, serve.] 

SERVICEABLE (serv'is-a-bl), a. 1. Able or 
willing to serve; diligent. 2. Advantageous; 
useful. 3. Durable; strong; wearing well. 

SERVICEABLENESS (serv'is-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being serviceable. 

SERVICEABLY (serv'is-a-bli), adv. In a serv- 
iceable manner. 

SERVIETTE (ser-vi-ef), n. Napkin. [Fr.] 

SERVILE (serv'il), a. Pertaining to a slave or 
servant; meanly submissive. [L. servilis — 
servio, serve.] 

SERVILELY (serv'il-i), adv. In a servile man- 
ner. 

SERVILITY (ser-vil'i-ti), n. Mean submission; 
slavish obsequiousness. 

SERVITOR (serv'i-tur), n. One who serves; 
servant; follower or adherent. [L.] 

SERVITUDE (serv'i-tud), n. Slavery; bondage; 
state of slavish dependence. [L. servitudo — 
servus, slave.] 

SESAME (ses'a-me),SESAMUM(ses'a-mum), n. 
Annual herb of Southern Asia, whose seed 
yields a valuable oil. — Open sesame, charm 
that gives ready admittance. 

SESAMOID (ses'a-moid), a. Like a sesame seed 
in form. (Used of nodular ossification, as in 
the knee-pan, or in the joints of the great 
toe, the thumb, etc.) 

SESSILE (ses'il), a. Bot. Without a petiole. 

SESSION (sesh'un), w. 1. Sit- 
ting of a court or public body. 
2. Period of time between 
first meeting and last ad- 
journment. [L. sessio — sedeo, 
sit.] 

SET (set), v. [pr.p. SET'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. SET.] I. vU 1. 
Make to sit; place; fix 2. 
Put in a condition. 3. Ren- 
der motionless. 4. Determine 
beforehand. 5. Obstruct. 6. 




Plant. 7. Arrange, as the 



Sessile leaves. 



teeth of a saw so as to cut narrow or wide. 
8. Assign, as a price. 9. Put in order for 
use; compose, as type. 10. Sharpen. 11. 
Spread, as sails. 12. Pitch, as a tune* 13. 
Adapt music to. 14. Adorn with something 
fixed ; stud. II. vi. 1. Sink below the hor- 
izon; decline. 2. Plant. 3. Become fixed; 
strike root. 4. Congeal. 5. Have a cer- 
tain direction in motion; flow; tend. 6. 
Point out game. 7. Apply (one's self). 8 
Fit, — Set aside, put away; omit; reject. — 
Set at naught, despise. — Set by, value. — Set 
forth. (1) Exhibit; publish. (2) Set off to 
advantage. (3) Set out on a journey — Set in, 
put in the way; begin. — Set off. (1) Adorn. 
(2) Place against, as an equivalent. — Set to, 
affix. [A. S. settan.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SET 



989 



SEWAGE 



SET (set), I. a. 1. Fixed; rigid; firm. 2. De- 
termined. 3. Regular; established. II. n. 1. 
Setting; descent; end. 2. Number of things 
used together, as of books, dishes, etc. 3. 
Number of persons associated; group; clique. 

SETACEOUS (se-ta'shus), o. Bristly; bristle- 
like. [L. seta, bristle.] 

SET-BACK (set'bak), n. A reverse, check, or 
discouragement; backset. 

SET-OFF (set'af), n. 1. Claim set up against 
another; counterbalance. 2, Contrast; orna- 
ment. 

SETON (se'tun), n. 1. Twist of silk or the like, 
introduced under the skin, to maintain an 
artificial discharge. 2, The discharge itself. 
[Fr. seton — L. seta, bristle.] 

SETOSE (sg'tdz), SETOUS (se'tus), a. Bristly. 
[Li. setosus.] 

SETTEE (set-te')» n. Long seat with a back. 

SETTER (set'er), n. 1. One who sets, as words 
to music. 2. Dog which crouches when it 
scents the game. 

SETTING (set'ing), n. 1. Act of setting. 2. 
Direction of a current of wind. 3. Harden- 
ing of plaster. 4. That which holds, as the 
mounting of a Jewel. 5. Nest of (13) eggs. 

SETTLE (set'l), v. [pr.p. SET'TLLNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SETTLED (set'ld).] I. vt. 1. Place in a 
fixed state; fix; establish in a situation or 
business. 2. Render quiet, clear, etc.; com- 
pose. 3. Decide; free from uncertainty. 4. 
Fix by gift or legal act; make over, as a right 
or property. 5. Adjust; liquidate; pay. 6. 
Colonize. II. vi. 1. Become fixed or station- 

[ ary. 2. Fix one's residence. 3. Grow calm 
or clear. 4. Sink by its own weight. 5. Ad- 
just differences or accounts. [A. S setlan.] 

SETTLE (set'l), n. Long bench with a high back; 
settee. [A. S. setl — Ger. sessel.] 

SETTLED (set'ld), a. 1. Firmly established; 
fixed. 2. Quiet; methodical. 3. Firmly re- 
solved. 4. Composed; calm; sober; grave. 
5. Arranged or adjusted by agreement, pay- 
ment, or otherwise ; as, a settled account. 

SETTLEMENT (set'1-ment), n. 1. Act of set- 
tling or state of being settled. 2. Payment or 
arrangement. 3. Colony newly settled. 4- 
Law, Act of settling property upon a per- 
son or persons, or the deed by which the prop- 
erty is settled. — Social settlement, philan- 
thropic activity centered in residence of a 
number of educated people in poor districts 
of cities for study and improvement of social 
conditions through organized effort; also 
called college settlement, 

SETTLER (set'ler), n. One who settles; colonist. 

SET-TO (set-to'), n. Fight; contest. 

SEVEN (sev'n), a. I. Six and one. II. n. 
Sum of six and one. [A. S. seofon,] 

SEVENFOLD (sev'n-fold), a. Folded or multi- 
plied seven times. 

SEVENTEEN (sev'n-ten), I. a. One more than 
sixteen. II. n. Sum of ten and seven. 



SEVENTEENTH (sev'n-tenth), I. a. Coming 
next in order after the sixteenth. II* n. One 
of seventeen equal parts. 

SEVENTH (sev'enth), I. a. Coming next In order 
after the sixth. II. n. One of seven equal 
parts of anything. 

SEVENTIETH (sev'n-tl-eth), o. Coming next 
after the sixty-ninth. II. ». One of seventy 
equal parts. 

SEVENTY (sev'en-tl), I. a. One more than sixty- 
nine, as seventy men. II. n. Number made 
up of seven times ten. 

SEVEN-UP (sev-n-up'), n. Card game in which 
seven points constitute a game, four of which 
can be scored in one deal, namely, high, low, 
jack, and "the game," the last named point 
determined by a count of ten-spots, aces and 
face cards. 

SEVER (sev'er), v, [pr.p, SEVERING; p,t. and 
p,p, SEVERED (sev'erd).] I. vt, 1. Separate 
by cutting or sending. 2. Disjoin. 3. Separate 
from the main body. II. vi. Become sepa- 
rated; part. [Fr. sevrer — L. separo, separate.] 

SEVERAL (sev'er-al), a, 1. Distinct ; particular. 
2. Different; various; divers. 3. Consisting 
of a number; more than two; sundry. [O Fr. 
— L.L. separalis,] 

SEVERALLY (sev'er-al-i), adv. Apart from 
others; separately; distinctly. 

SEVERALTY (sev'er-al-ti), n. State of separa- 
tion from others. — Estate in severalty, estate 
which the tenant holds in his own right with- 
out being Joined in interest with any other 
person. 

SEVERANCE (sev'er-ans), n. Severing; separa- 
tion. 

SEVERE (se-ver'), a. 1. Serious; grave. 2. 
Searching; hard to bear. [Fr. severe — L. 
severus,] 

SYN. Rigid; exact; tart; cutting; cruel; 
austere; stern; strict. ANT. Gay; mild; 
indulgent. 

SEVERELY (se-ver'li), adv. In a severe manner; 
with severity. 

SEVERENESS (se-ver'nes), n. Same as SE- 
VERITY. 

SEVERITY (se-ver'i-ti), n. [pi, SEVERITIES.] 
1- Quality or state of being severe. 2. Harsh 
treatment; cruelty. 3. Exactness; rigor; 
nicety. 4. Extremity of coldness or inclemency. 

SEVILLE (sev'il or sa-veT), n. City, Spain, on 
Guadalquivir River. 

SEVRES (sa'vr), I. n. Town in France. II. a. 
Of or pertaining to the town of Sevres. 

SEVRES WARE (sa'vr war). Porcelain ware, 
unsurpassed for artistic design and brilliancy 
of coloring, manufactured at Sevres, in France. 

SEW (so), v, [pr.p, SEWING; p.t. and p.p. 
SEWED (sod).] I. vt. Join or fasten together 
with a needle and thread. II. vi. Practice 
sewing. [A. S. seowian.] 

SEWAGE (su'aj), n. Refuse carried off by 
sewers. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SEWER 



990 



SHADE 




Sewing-machine. 

1. Sexagenarian. 2. 

sixty. [L. sexaginta, 



SEWER (so'er), n. One who sews. 

SEWER (su'er), n. Underground passage for 
draining of water and filth. [O. Fr. essuer — 
L. ex, out, and aqua, water.] 

SEWER (su'er), vt. [pr.p. SEWERING; p.t. and 
p.p. SEWERED (su'erd).] Provide or drain 
with sewers. 

SEWERAGE (su'er-aj), n. 1. System of sewers 
in a city; drainage by sewers. 2. Construction 
of sewers. 3. Sewage. 

SEWING (so'ing), n. 1. Act of sewing. 3. That 
which is sewed; needlework. 

SEWING-MA CHINE (so'ing-ma-shen), n. Ma- 
chine for sewing or stitch- 
ing 

SEX (seks), n. Distinction 
between male and 
female. [Fr. sexe — L. 
sexus — seco, cut, distin- 
guish.] 

SEXAGENARIAN (seks-a- 
je-na'ri-an), n. Person 
sixty years old. 

SEXAGENARY (seks-aj'e- 
na-ri), I. a. Designating 
the number sixty. II. n. 
Something containing 
sixty — sex, six.] 

SEXAGESIMA (seks-a-jes'i-ma), n. Second 
Sunday before Lent, being about the sixtieth 
day before Easter. [L. sexagesimus, sixtieth.] 

SEXAGESIMAL (seks-a-jes'i-mal), a. 1. Per- 
taining to the number sixty. 2. Proceeding 
by sixties. 

SEXENNIAL (seks-en'i-al), a. 1. Lasting six 
years. 2. Happening once in six years. [L. 
sex, six, and annus, year.] 

SEXENNIALLT (seks-en'i-al-i), adv. Once in 
every six years. 

SEXFID (seks'fid), SEXIFID (seks'i-fld), a. Six- 
cleft; having six parts, as a calyx with six 
petals. [L. sex, six, and findo, cleave.] 

SEXTANT (seks'tant), n. 1. Sixth part of a circle. 
2. Optical in- 
strument hav- 
ing an arc=the 
sixth part of a 
circle, and used 
for measuring 
angular dis- 
tances, espe- 
cially in find- 
ing the latitude 
and longitude 
at sea. [L. sex- 
tans.] 

SEXTILE (seks'- 
til), a. Astrol. 
Denoting the aspect or position of two planets 
when distant from each other 60 degrees. 
[L. sextilis.] 

SEXTILLION (seks-til'yun), n. In French and 
American notation, a number denoted by a 




Sextant. 



unit and 21 ciphers annexed, in English nota- 
tion, a million raised to the sixth power, ex- 
pressed by a unit and 36 ciphers. 

SEXTO (seks'to), n. [pi. SEXTOS (seks'toz).] 
Rook formed by folding each sheet into six 
leaves. [L.] 

SEXTO-DECIMO (seks-to-des'i-mo), n. Book, 
pamphlet, or the like, folded so that each sheet 
makes sixteen leaves; size of the book thus 
folded. (Usually written 16mo, 16°.) [L. 
sextus decitnus, sixteenth.] 

SEXTON (seks'tun), n. 1. Officer who has 
charge of a church. 2. One who digs graves, 
etc. [A corrup. of SACRISTAN.] 

SEXTUPLE (seks'tu-pl), a. Sixfold; having six 
parts. [Fr.] 

SEXUAL (seks'u-al), a. Pertaining to sex; dis- 
tinguishing, or founded on, sex. 

SEXUALITY (seks-u-al'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being distinguished by sex. 

SEXUALLY (seks'u-al-i), adv. In a sexual 
manner or relation. 

SHABBILY (shab'i-li), adv. In a shabby man- 
ner or state. 

SHABB1NESS (shab'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being shabby. 

SHABBY (shab'i), a. 1. Threadbare; worn; in 
rags. 2. Having a look of poverty. 3. Mean; 
low; paltry. [Doublet of SCABBY.] 

SHABBY-GENTEEL (shab-i-jen-teT), a. Re- 
taining in present shabbiness traces of former 
gentility; aping gentility but really shabby. 

SHACK (shak), n. 1. Cabin made of logs driven 
like piles, or laid one upon another. 2. Rick- 
ety or tumble-down house. (Colloq.) 

SHACKLE (shak'l), n. 1. Fetter, gyve, hand- 
cuff, or similar contrivance to confine the 
limbs. 2. Anything which obstructs, restrains, 
or embarrasses free action. 3. Link or fas- 
tening. [A. S. sceacel, bond.] 

SHACKLE (shak'l), vt. [pr.p. SHACK'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHACKLED (shak'ld).] 1. Fetter 
or chain. 2. Obstruct ; impede ; hamper. 

SHACKLE-BAR (shak'1-bar), n. Coupling bar 
or link on the pilot 
of a locomotive. 

SHACKLY (shak'li), 
a. Shaky; rickety. 
[SHAKE and -LY.] 

SHAD (shad), n. [pi. Shad (S'ignalosa aichafalaye) . 
SHAD.] Food-fish of the herring family, about 
two feet long. It ascends rivers 
to deposit its spawn. [A. S. 
sceadda.] 

SHADDOCK (shad'ok), n. Treejf 
(Citrus decumana), with a large 
orange-like fruit often weighing 
15 pounds. The grape-fruit is a 
variety of it. [First brought from 
the East by Capt. Shaddock.] 

SHADE (shad), n. 1. Partial 
darkness; interception of light; 
obscurity. 2. Shady place. 3. 





Protection; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 



SHADE 



991 



LSHALL 



shelter; screen. 4. Degree of color; very 
minute change. 5. Dark part of a picture. 
6. Soul separated from the body ; ghost. [A. S. 
8cead.] 

SHADE (shad), v. Ipr.p. SHADING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHADED.] I. vt. 1. Screen from light 
or heat. 2. Shelter. 3. Mark with gradations 
of color. 4. Darken; dim. II. vi. Pass by 
gradations, as from dark to lighter colors. 

SHADILY (sha'di-li), adv. In a shady manner. 

SHADINESS (sha/di-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being shady. 

SHADING (sha'ding), n. 1. Act of making a 
shade. 2. Representation of light and shade. 

SHADOW (shad'6), n. 1. Shade caused by an 
object. 2. Shade; darkness. 3. Shelter; se- 
curity; favor. 4. Dark part of a picture. 5. 
Reflected image; faint representation; trace. 
6. Inseparable companion. 7. Secret fol- 
lower, acting as a detective or spy. [A. S. 
sceadu.] 

SHADOW (shad'6), v. [pr.p. SHAD'OWING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHADOWED (shad'od).] I. vt. 1. 
Overspread with obscurity or shade. 2. Cast 
a gloom over; darken; obscure; cloud. 3. 
Represent typically. 4. Follow closely and 
unobserved, especially as a spy or detective. 
II. vi. 1. Become darkened. 2. Act as a de- 
tective or spy. 

SHADOWGRAPH (shad'6-graf), n. Same as 
RADIOGRAPH. 

SHADOWLESS (shad'6-les), a. Having no 
shadow. 

SHADOW-PICTURE (shad'6-pik-tur), n. 1. 
Picture or image of an object produced by a 
shadow cast upon a lighted screen or wall. 2. 
Radiograph. 

SHADOWY (shad'6-i), a. 1. Full of shade; 
dark; obscure. 2. Typical. 3. Unsubstantial. 

SHADY (sha'di), a. 1. Affording shade. 2. 
Sheltered from light or heat. 3. Equivocal; 
dubious. 

SHAFT (shaft), n. 1. Anything long and straight 
as the stem of an arrow. 2. Part of a column 
between the base and capital. 3. Stem of a 
feather. 4. Entrance to a mine. 5. One of the 




Shaft of Turbine; 

thills of a vehicle; pole of a carriage. 6. Much. 

Bar, usually of steel or iron, used as an axle 

to transmit power. [A. S. sceaft.] 
SHAFTED (shaft'ed), a. Having a shaft. 
SHAG (shag), w. 1. That which is rough or 



bushy. 2. Woolly hair. 3. Cloth with a rough 

nap. 4. Kind of tobacco cut into shreds. [ A.S. 

sceacga, head of hair.] 
SHAGGINESS (shag'i-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being shaggy. 
SHAGGY (shag'i), a. 1. Rough; with long hair 

or wool. 2. Rugged; scrubby; as, shaggy 

thickets. 
SHAGREEN (sha-gren'), n. 1. Species of leather 

prepared without tanning, from horse, ass, 

and camel skin. 2. Skin of a shark, seal, etc., 

used for polishing. 
SHAH (sha), n. Title of the monarch of Persia. 

[Pers.] 
SHAKE (shak), v. [pr.p. SHA'KING; p.t. SHOOK 

(shok); p.p. SHAKEN (sha'kn).] I. vt. 1. 

Move with quick, short motions. 2. Agitate. 

3. Make to tremble 4. Threaten to overthrow. 
5. Cause to waver; make afraid. 6. Give a 
tremulous note to. II. vi. Be agitated; trem- 
ble; shiver; lose firmness. [A. S. sceacan.] 

SHAKE (shak), n. 1. Rapid tremulous motion. 
2. Trembling or shivering. 3. Concussion. 

4. Rent in timber, rock, etc. 

SHAKER (shaker), n. 1. Person or thing that 
shakes or agitates. 2. [S-] Member of a re- 
ligious sect founded about 1750, so called 
from the agitations which form part of their 
ceremonial, but calling themselves the United 
Society of Believers in Christ's Second Ap- 
pearing. 

SHAKINESS (sha'ki-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being shaky. 

SHAKO (shak'o), n. Military cap, usually orna- 
mented with a plume or ball at the front of 
the crown. [Fr. — Hung, csako.] 

SHAKY (sha'ki), a. 1. In a shaking condition; 
feeble; unsteady. 2. Full of cracks or clefts. 

SHALE (shal), n. Rock of a slaty structure, 
often found in or between coal strata. Shale, 
having been originally mud, may occur wher- 
ever in any bygone age silt has been deposited, 
and metamorphic action has not subsequently 
taken place. [Ger. schale, shell.] 

SHALL (shal), v. aux. [p.t. SHOULD (shod).] In 
affirmative sentences, shall, in the first per- 
son, simply foretells; as, "I shall write." In 
the second and third persons, shall is used po- 
tentially, denoting a promise, command, or 
determination; as, "You shall be rewarded," 
"Thou shalt not kill," "He shall be punished." 
In interrogative sentences, shall, in the first 
person, may either be used potentially to 
inquire the will of the person addressed; as, 
"Shall I bring you another book?" or it may 
simply ask whether a certain event will occur; 
as, "Shall I arrive in time for the train?" 
When shall is used interrogatively, in the sec- 
ond person, it simply denotes futurity; as, 
"Shall you be in New York next week?" 
Shall employed interrogatively in the third 
person, has a potential signification, and is 
used to inquire the will of the person ad- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



SHALLOON 



993 



SHAPELINESS 




dressed; as, "Shall James order the carriage?" 
In the subjunctive mood, sJiall, in all the 
persons, denotes mere futurity; as, "If thy 
brother shall trespass against thee, go and 
tell him his fault." Should, though in form 
the past of shall, is not used to express simple 
past futurity, except in indirect speech; as, 
"I said I should go.'* [A. S. sceal, I am 
obliged.] 

SHALLOON (shal-lon'), n. Light kind of woolen 
stuff, first made at Chalons, in France. 

SHALLOP (shal'op), n. Large schooner-rigged 
boat with two masts. [Fr. chaloupe — Dut. 
sloep. Doublet SLOOP.] 

SHALLOT (shal-lof), n. Kind of onion with a 
flavor like that of gar- 
lic. [O. Fr. eschalote.] 

SHALLOW (shal'6), I. n. 
Flat place over which 
the water is not deep; 
shoal. II. a. 1. Not 
deep. 2. Not profound; 
not wise; trifling. [Conn, 
with SHOAL, and per- 
haps with SHELF.] 

SHALLOWLT (shal'6-li), 
adv. In a shallow man- 
ner. 

SHALLOWNESS (shal'6- 
nes), n. Quality or 
state of being shallow. 

SHALT (shalt), v. Second 
SHALL. 

SHALT (sha'li), a. Pertaining to, containing, 
or resembling, shale. 

SHAM (sham), I. n. 1. One who or that which 
deceives expectation; imposture; trick; fraud; 
counterfeit. 2. False ornamental pillow-case. 
II. a. Not real or genuine; feigned; false; 
counterfeit. [From root of SHAME.] 

SHAM (sham), v. [pr.p. SHAM'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHAMMED (shamd).] I. vt. Pretend; 
feign. II. vi. Make false pretenses. 

SHAMBLE (sham'bl), vi. [pr.p. SHAM'BLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHAMBLED (sham 'bid).] Walk 
with an awkward, unsteady gait. [Cf. Dut. 
schampelen, stumble.] 

SHAMBLE (sham'bl), n. Shambling walk. 

SHAMBLES (sham'blz), n.pl. 1. Butchers' 
stalls. 2. Slaughterhouse. [A. S. scatnel, 
bench; cf. Ger. schemel.] 

SHAME (sham), n. 1. Feeling caused by the 
exposure of that which ought to be concealed, 
or by a consciousness of guilt. 2. The cause 
of shame; dishonor. [A. S. scamu, modesty.] 

SYN. Abashment ; humiliation ; modesty ; 
ignominy; degradation; discredit. ANT. 
Shamelessness ; impudence; honor; glory; 
credit. 

SHAME (sham), vt. [pr.p. SHAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHAMED (shamd).] 1. Make ashamed. 
2. Bring reproach upon ; disgrace. 

SHAMEFACED (sham'fast), a. Very modest or 



Shallot. 
person singular of 



bashful; easily confused. [A. S. sceamfcest — 
scamu, shame, and fast, fast.] 

SHAMEFACEDLY (sham'fast-li), adv. In a 
shamefaced manner; bashfully. 

SHAMEFUL (sham'fgl), a. 1. Bringing shame ; 
disgraceful. 2. Raising shame in others; 
indecent. 

SHAMEFULLY (sham'fol-i), adv. In a shame- 
ful manner; disgracefully. 

SHAMEFULNESS (sham'fQl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being shameful. 

SHAMELESS (sham'les), a. 1. Immodest; 
audacious. 2. Indecent. 

SYN. Unblushing; impudent; brazen; 
forward; gross; wanton. ANT. Modest; 
decorous; chaste; pure. 

SHAMELESSLY (sham'les-li), adv. In a shame- 
less manner. 

SHAMELESSNESS (sham'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being shameless. 

SHAMMY, SHAMOIS (sham'i), w. Same as 
CHAMOIS. 

SHAMPOO (sham-po'), vt. [pr.p. SHAMPOO'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SHAMPOOED (sham-pod').] 
1. Wash with a lathery preparation, and rub 
and brush thoroughly; applied especially to 
the hair or head. 2. Massage in connection 
with a hot bath. [Hind, champna, press.] 

SHAMPOO (sham-po'), n. 1. Act of shampoo- 
ing. 2. Preparation used for shampooing. 

SHAMROCK (sham'rok), n. Species of clover, 
or sorrel, national emblem of Ireland. [Ir. 
seamrog.] 

SHANGHAI (shang-hi'), n. One of a breed of 
long-legged chickens, having feathered shanks, 
originally from Shanghai, China. 

SHANGHAI (shang-hi'), n. City and seaport, 
China, in Kiangsu province. 

SHANGHAI (shang-hi'), vt. [pr.p. SHANG- 
HAIING ; p.t. and p.p. SHANGHAIED (shang- 
hid').] Entice and ship, as a sailor after ma- 
king drunk or drugging. [Etym. unknown.] 

SHANK (shangk), n. 1. Leg below the knee to 
the foot. 2. Long part of any instrument. 
[A. S. sceanca; cf. Ger. srhinken, schenkel.] 

SHANTY (shan'ti), n. Rude dwelling; hut. 
[Ir. sean, old, and tig, house.] 

SHAPE (shap), vt. [pr.p. SHAPING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SHAPED (shapt).] 1. Mold, cut, or make into 
a particular form. 2. Create; form. 3. 
Adapt to a purpose; direct; adjust; regulate. 
[A. S. sceapan.] 

SHAPE (shap), n. 1. Outward form or figure; 
contour. 2. That which has form or figure. 
3. Pattern to be followed ; model. 4. Matrix; 
mold. 5. Aspect; guise. 6. Manner; style; 
condition. 

SHAPELESS (shap'les), a. Having no shape or 
regular form. 

SHAPELESSNESS (shap'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being shapeless. 

SHAPELINESS (shap'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being shapely. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\x=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SHAPELY 



993 



SHEARING 



SHAPELY (shap'li), a. Well-formed; having 
beauty, regularity, or proportion of form. 

SHAPEB (sha'per), n. One who or that which 
shapes. 

SHAPOO (sha'po), n. Mountain-sheep (Ovis 
vignei), of central Asia. 

SHARD (shard), n. 1. Fragment of an earthen 
vessel or of any brittle substance ; potsherd. 2. 
Shell of an egg or of a snail; hard wing-case 
of a beetle. [A. S. sceran, shear.] 

SHARDED (shard'ed), a. Having wings sheathed 
with a hard case. 

SHARE (shar), n. 1. Part or portion. 2. Ap- 
portioned lot. 3. Dividend. 4. One of the 
equal parts into which capital stock is divided. 
[A. S. scearu — sceran, cut.] 

SHARE (shar), v. [pr.p. SHARING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SHARED (shard).] I. vt. 1. Divide into 
parts. 2. Partake with others. II. vi. Have 
a part ; receive a dividend. 

SHARE (shar), n. 1. Plowshare. 2. Blade of a 
cultivator or similar machine. 

SHAREHOLDER (shar'hold-er), n. One who 
owns a share or shares in a joint fund or 
property or in a joint-stock company. 

SHARER (shar'er), n. 1. One who shares; 
participator. 2. One who apportions to others. 

SHARK (shark), n. 1. Fish of the sub-class 
Selachii and the order Squali with cartilaginous 
skeleton. Pseudotriacis is a genus of small 
sharks sometimes called dog sharks. 2. 
Sharper; cheat. [Gr. karcharias, shark — kar- 
cahros, jagged.] 




Shark (Pseudotriacis microdori). 

SHARK (shark), v. [pr.p. SHARKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHARKED (sharkt).] I. vt. 1. Pick up 
hastily or slyly. 2. Obtain by sharp prac- 
tice. II. vi. 1. Live by shifts or stratagems. 
2. Fish for sharks. 

SHARKER (shark'er), n. Swindler; cheat. 

SHARP (sharp), I. a. 1. Having a thin cutting 
edge or fine point. 2. Peaked or ridged. 3. 
Affecting the senses as if pointed or cutting; 
severe ; keen. 4. Of keen or quick perception. 
5. Pungent; biting; sarcastic. 6. Eager; 
fierce ; impetuous. 7. Shrill. II. n. 1. Acute 
sound. 2. Music. Note raised a semitone; 
character ($) directing tbis. 3. Shrewdly dis- 
honest man. 4. Sharpie. III. adv. 1. Pre- 
cisely; exactly. 2. Eagerly. [A. S. scearp; 
cf. Ger. scharf.] 

SHARPEN (sharp'n), v. [pr.p. SHARPENING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHARPENED (sharp'nd).] I. vt„ 
1. Make sharp or keen. 2. Make more 
eager, acute, intense, or severe. II. vi. Grow 
or become sharper. 

SHARPENER (sharp'n-er), n. One who or 
that which sharpens. 



SHARPER (sharp'er), w. Trickster; cheat, 
SHARPIE, SHARPY (shar'pi), n. Long, sharp, 

flat-bottomed boat, used by oystermen. 
SHARPLY (sharp'li), adv. In a sharp manner. 
SHARPNESS ( sharp 'nes), n. Quality or state of 

being sharp. 
SHARPSHOOTER (sharp'shot-er), n. One 

skilled in the use of a rifle, specifically U. S. 

soldier attaining the next to the highest of 

six grades of marksmanship. 
SHARP-SIGHTED (sharp'sit-ed) o. Having 

acute sight; shrewd; discerning. 
SHARP-WITTED ( sharp 'wit-ed), a. Acute. 
SHATTER (shat'er), vt. [pr.p. SHATTERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SHATTERED (shat'erd).] 1. 

Break or dash to pieces ; crack. 2. Disorder; 

render unsound. [Doublet of SCATTER.] 
SHATTERY (shat'er-i), a. Easily breaking up 

into pieces; brittle. 
SHAVE (shav), v. [pr.p. SHA'VING;p.«. SHAVED 

(shavd) ; p.p. SHAVEN (sha'vn) or SHAVED.] 

I. vt. 1. Cut or remove the hair from by 
means of a razor; as, to shave one's face. 2. 
Pare close. 3. Slice thin. 4. Brush past; 
skim by. 5. Buy at a very great discount. 6. 
Fleece; strip. II. vi. 1. Remove the hair 
from the face, head, etc., with a razor. 2. 
Drive close bargains. [A. S. scafan.] 

SHAVE (shav), n. 1. Act of shaving. 2. Thin 
slice; shaving. 3. Drawing-knife; spoke- 
shave. 4. One who drives close bargains or 
shaves notes. 

SHAVER (sha'ver), n. 1. One who shaves; 
barber. 2. Sharp dealer. 3. Youngster; lad. 

SHAVING (sha'ving), n. 1. Act of shaving. 2. 
That which is shaved or pared off, especially 
that which is shaved from a board. 

SHAWL (shal), n. Cloth of wool, cotton, silk, 
or hair, used by women as a covering for the 
shoulders. [Per». shdl.] 

SHAWM (sham), n. Ancient musical wind in- 
strument, replaced by the bassoon. [O. Fr. 
chalemie — L. calamus, reed.] 

SHAY (sha), n. Chaise. 

SHE (she), pron. Nominative feminine of the 
personal pronoun of the third person, and 
used as a substitute for the name of a female, 
or of something personified as a female. [A. 
S. sea, fern, of se, originally a demonstrative 
pronoun meaning that, but later used as the 
definite article.] 

SHEAF (shef), w. [pi. SHEAVES (shevz).] Bun- 
dle of stalks of grain; any bundle or collec- 
tion. [A. S. sceaf; cf. Ger. schieben, shove.] 

SHEAR (sher), v. [pr.p. SHEARING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHEARED (sherd).] I. vt. 1. Clip close 
with shears or like instrument. 2. Strip of 
property, etc ; fleece. 3. Cut off with shears. 

II. vi. Engage in the act or business of shear- 
ing. [A. S. sceran.] 

SHEARER (sher'er), n. One who or that which 

shears. 
SHEARING (sher'ing), n. 1. Act or operation of 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



SHEARLING 



994 



SHELF 



clipping with shears or by a machine. 2. 
Act of cutting off, as a rivet, with shears or a 
machine. 

SHEARLING (sher'ling), n. Sheep only once 
sheared. 

SHEARS (sherz), n.pl. 1. Instrument for shear- 
ing or cutting, consisting of two pivoted blades 
that meet each other; anything like shears. 
2. Apparatus for raising heavy weights, con- 
sisting of upright spars fastened together 
at the top and furnished with tackle. 

SHEATH (sheth), n. 1. Case for a sword, etc.; 
scabbard. 2. Any thin defensive covering, 
as the membrane covering a stem or branch, 
or the wing-case of an insect. [A. S. scedth.] 

SHEATHE (sheth), vt. [pr.p. SHEATHING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHEATHED (she/fcd).] 1. Put into 
a sheath. 2. Cover with a sheath or case; 
inclose in a lining. 

SHEATHING (shewing), n. 1. That which 
sheathes. 2. Material for covering, encasing, 
etc. 

SHEAVE (shev), n, 1. Grooved wheel in a block, 
etc., on which a rope works; wheel of a pul- 
ley. 2. Slice, as of bread. 3. Sliding scutch- 
eon for covering a keyhole. [O. Dut. schijve; 
cf. Ger. scheibe.] 

SHEAVE (shev), vt. [pr.p. SHEAVING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHEAVED (shevd).] firing together 
into sheaves. 

SHEAVE-HOLE (shev'hol), n. Channel cut in 
a mast, yard, or other timber, in which to fix 
a sheave. 

SHED (shed), v. [pr.p. SHED'DING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHED.] I. vt. 1. Throw off; as, a roof 
sheds water. 2. Cast off ; molt. 3. Let fall; 
effuse; spill; as, to shed tears or blood. II. vi. 
Cast off seed, hair, leaves, etc. [A. S. sceddan, 
separate.] 

SHED (shed), n. 1. Act of shedding. 2. That 
which sheds. [A. S. scdde — sceddan, separate.] 

SHED (shed), n. Light structure usually of 
wood, for shade or shelter; hut. 

SHEEN (shen), I. n. Brightness or splendor. II. 
a. Beautiful; shining. [A. S. shene; cf. O. H. 
Ger. sconi, Ger. schaen.] 

SHEENY (shen'i), a. Bright; glittering; shiny; 
showy. 

SHEENY (she'ni), n. [pi. SHEENIES.] Usurer; 
sharker; vulgarly abusive term specifically 
applied to Jews. (Slang.) 

SHEEP (shep), n. sing, and pi. 
animal covered with wool. 
2. Leather made from sheep- 
skin. [A. S. scedp; cf. Dut. 
schaap; Ger. schaf.] 

SHEEPCOTE (shepkot), 
SHEEPFOLD (shepfold), n. 
Inclosure for sheep. 

SHEEPISH (shep'ish), a. Like 

a sheep; bashful; foolishly diffident. 

SHEEPISHLY (shep'ish-li), adv. In a sheepish 
manner. 



Ruminant 




Sheep. 




Sheep-tick and Sheep-louse. 

Species of tick that 



SHEEPISHNESS (shep'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sheepish. 

SHEEP-LOUSE (shep'lows), n. Species of louse 
that infests sheep. 

SHEEP'S- 
EYES (sheps'- 
iz), n.pl. Lan- 
guishing, ten- 
der looks; 
hence, loving 
glances. 

SHEEPSKIN 
(shep'skin), n. 

1. Skin of 
sheep.2.Leath- 
er made from 
it. 3. Diploma 
engrossed on 
sheepskin 
parchment. 
(Colloq.) 

SHEEP-TICK (shep'tik), n. 

infests sheep. 
SHEER (sher), I. a. 1. Pure ; unmingled ; clear ; 

downright. 2. Perpendicular; precipitous. II. 

adv. Clear; quite; straight; completely. [A. S. 

scir, clear; Ice. skcerr, bright; Ger. schier, clear.] 
SHEER (sher), vi. [pr.p. SHEERING; p.t. and 

p.p. SHEERED (sherd).] 1. Swerve from a 

course; turn aside; deflect. 2. Shy. [Dut. 

scheren.] 
SHEER (sher), n. 1. Deviation from the straight 

line. 2. Longitudinal curve or bend of a ship's 

deck or sides. 
SHEERS (sherz), n. Same as SHEARS, 2. 
SHEET (shet), I. n. 1. Large, thin piece of any- 
thing, as of cloth on a bed, of paper, or a sail. 

2. Rope fastened to the leeward corner of a 
sail to extend it to the wind. [A. S. scSte.] 

SHEET (shet), vt. [pr.p. SHEETING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHEET'ED.] 1. Cover with or as with a 
sheet. 2. Furnish with sheets. 3. Expand. 

SHEET-ANCHOR (shet'ang-kur), n. Largest 
anchor of a ship, thrown out in extreme dan- 
ger; chief support; best refuge. 

SHEETING (shet'ing), n. Cloth used for bed- 
sheets. 

SHEET-LIGHTNING (shet'lit-ning;, n. Light- 
ning appearing in sheets, which in comparison 
with forked lightning are not vivid but diffuse. 
Also called heat-lightning. 

SHEFFIELD (shef'feld), n. Borough, England, 
on the Sheaf and Don Rivers. 

SHEIK (shek or shak), n. Chief of an Arab 
family, village or tribe. [Ar„ elder.] 

SHEKEL (shek'el), n. Ancient weight and coin 
among the Jews. [Heb. shakal, weigh.] 

SHELDRAKE (skel'drak), n. Kind of large 
duck. 

SHELF (shelf), n. [pi. SHELVES (shelvz).] t. 
Board fixed on a wall, etc., for laying things 
on. 2. Flat layer of rocks; ledge; shoal; sand- 
bank. [A. S. scylfe.] 



Jate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SHELL 



995 



SHILOH 



SHELL (shel), n. 1. Hard covering as of an ani- 
mal, fruit, egg, etc. 2. Any hollow framework. 
3. Light rowboat. 4. Metallic cartridge case ; 
bomb. [A. S. scell.] 
SHELL (shel), v. [pr.p. SHELL'ING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SHELLED (sheld).] I. vt. 1. Break or strip off 
the shell of. 2. Take out of the shell. 3. Throw 
shells or bombs upon; bombard. II. vi. Fall 
off like a shell ; cast the shell ; fall out of the pod. 

SHELLAC (shel'ak or shel-lak'), n. Lac prepared 
in thin plates. See LAC. 

SHELL-BARK (shel'bark), n. Species of hickory 
having loose, peeling bark. 

SHELL-FISH (shel'fish), n. Aquatic animal with 
an external shell. 

SHELLPBOOF (shel'prof), a. Proof against 
bombs. 

SHELTER (shel'tcr), ». 1. That which shields 
or protects; refuge; retreat; harbor. 2. One 
who protects ; guardian. 3. Protection. [A. S. 
scyldtruma, a covering composed of shields, 
line of soldiers.] 

SYN. Asylum; covert; security; screen; 
shield. ANT. Exposure; danger; attack. 

SHELTER (shelter), v. [pr.p. SHELTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHELTERED (shel'terd).] I. vt. 
Provide or supply with shelter; cover; 
shield; harbor. II. vi. 1. Take shelter. 2. 
Give or afford shelter. 

SHELTIE, SHELTT (shel'ti), n. Shetland pony. 
[Sc] 

SHELVE (shelv), v. [pr.p. SHELVING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHELVED (shelvd).] I. vt. 1. Furnish 
with shelves. 2. Place on a shelf. 3. Put aside. 
II. vi. Slope like a shelf. 

SHELV Y (shelv'i), a. Full of shelves or shoals; 
shallow. 

SHENANDOAH (shen-an-do'a), n. River, Vir- 
ginia, flows 170 m. to Potomac. 

SheOL (she'61), n. Place of the dead; Hades. 
[Heb.] 

SHEPHERD (shep'erd), n. 1. Man employed in 
tending sheep in the pasture. 2. Pastor. [A. S. 
sceap-hyrde.] 

SHEPHERDESS (shep'erd-es), n. Woman who 
tends sheep; rural lass. 

SHERBET (sher'bet), n. 1. Drink of fruit-juice, 
sweetened and flavored. 2. Flavored water 
ice. [Ar. shariba, he drank.] 

SHERD (sherd), n. Shred; shard; fragment. 

SHERIFF (sher'if), n. Highest officer in a shire 
or county. [A. S. scirgerefa — scir, shire, and 
gerefa, governor. See REEVE.] 

SHERIFFALTY (sher'if-al-ti), n. [pi. SHERIFF- 
ALTIES.] Office or jurisdiction of a sheriff, 

SHERRY (sher'i), n. Strong dry Spanish wine. 
[From Xeres, a town in Spain.] 

SHERRY COBBLER (sher'i kob'ler). Drink 
consisting of sherry, lemon, sugar, and iced 
water; commonly sucked up through a straw. 

SHETLAND (shet'land), n. I. Group of about 
100 islands, lying to the northeast of Scotland. 
2. Shetland-pony. 



Shetland pony (Shetland po'ni). [pi. 

SHET'LAND PONIES.] One of a small breed 
of horses, with flowing mane and tail, peculiar 
to Shetland. 

SHEW (sho), vt. and vi. Archaic form of SHOW. 

SHEWBREAD (sho'bred), n. Archaic form of 
SHOWBREAD. 

SHIBBOLETH (shib'o-leth), n. Watchword of 
a party. [Heb. word, used as a test by the 
Gileadites to detect the Ephraimites, who 
could not pronounce the sh.] 

SHIELD (sheld), n. 1. Broad plate worn for 
defense on the left arm; 
defense ; person who pro- 
tects. 2. Escutcheon. [A. 
S. scild.] 

SHIELD (sheld), vt. [pr.p. 
SHIELDING ',p.t.a,ndp.p. 
SHIELDED.] Cover, de- 
fend, or protect with, or 
as with, a shield. 

SYN. Guard; shelter; 
screen. ANT. Expose; 
endanger; betray. 

SHIFT (shift), v. [pr.p. 




Shield. 

1. Dexter chief. 2. Middle 
chief. 3. Sinister chief. 4. 

SHIFT'ING; p.t. and p.p* Honour or collar point. 5. 
, Fess point. 6. Nombril or 

SHIFT'ED.] I. Vt. 1. navel point. 7. Dexter base. 

Trnntfor fn nn t\i\\ c-v a c in 8 - Middle base. 9. Sinister 

iransiertoanotner,as,to base 10 . Dexter flank, n. 
shift the blame. 2. Move Sinister flank. 
or transfer from one place to another. 3. 
Change in position, relation, form, or char- 
acter. 4. Change for another or others ; as, to 
shift one's shirt or clothes. II. vi. 1. Change 
place or position. 2. Pass into a different 
form, state, or the like. 3. Change dress. 4. 
Resort to expedients; manage; provide. [A. S. 
sciftan, divide.] 

SHIFT (shift), n. 1. Change. 2. Contrivance; 
artifice ; evasion. 3. Set of workmen, chang- 
ing off with another set; turn at work, 4. 
Chemise. 

SHIFTER ( shift 'er), n. One who shifts. 

SHIFTLESS (shift'les), a. Destitute of expedi- 
ents; incapable; thriftless. 

SHIFTLESSNESS (shift'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being shiftless. 

SHIFTY (shift'i), a. [comp. SHIFT'IER; superl. 
SOIFT'IEST.] 1. Full of expedients. 2. Tricky. 

SHILLALAH (shi-la'la), SHILLALY (shi-la'li), 
n. Oak or blackthorn sapling; cudgel. [From 
an Irish wood, Shillelagh^ famous for its oaks.] 

SHILLING (shil'ing), n. English silver coin 
(=12 pence), worth about twenty-five cents. 
[A. S. scilling; cf. Goth, skilliggs, shilling, 
perhaps — Goth. sMIlan, ring.] 

SHILLY-SHALLY (shil'i-shal-i), vi. [pr.p. SHIL'- 
LY-SHALLYING; p.t. and p.p. SHILLY- 
SHALLIED (shil'i-shal-id).] Act irresolutely; 
trifle; vacillate. [From "shall I, shall I?"] 

SHILLY-SHALLY (shil'i-shal-i), adv. In an 
irresolute or hesitating manner. 

SHILOH (shi'16), n. Village in Hardin Co., 
Tennessee. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, Men, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



SHILT 



996 



SHIRK 



SHILY (shi'li), adv. Same as SHYLY. 

SHIM (shim), n. t. Thin piece of metal placed 
between two parts to make a fit. 2. Imperfect 
shingle or stave, thicker at one side than the 
other. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SHIMMER (shim'er), vi. [pr.p. SHIMMERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SHIMMERED (shim'erd).] Gleam 
faintly; glisten. [A. S. scymrian, shine.] 

SHIMMER (shim'er), n. Tremulous light or 
gleam. 

SHIMOSE (shi-mo'sa), n. Japanese high ex- 
plosive, consisting largely of picric acid. 
[Named from Shimose, the Japanese inventor.] 

SHIN (shin), w. Large bone of the leg, below 
the knee, or the fore part of it. [A. S. scina.] 

SHIN (shin), v. [pr.p. SHINNING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHINNED (shind).] I. vt. 1. Climb by em- 
bracing with the arms and legs; as, to shin 
a tree. 2. Kick on the shins. II. vi. 1. Climb 
up a tree or other object by twining the legs 
around it. 2. Walk. 

SHINDY (shin'di), n. 1. Game of shinny. 2. 
Rumpus. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SHINE (shin), vi. [pr.p. SHI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHONE (shon).] 1. Beam with steady radiance ; 
glitter. 2. Be bright or beautiful. 3. Be 
eminent. [A. S. scinan.] 

SHINE (shin), vt. [pr.p. SHI'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHINED (shind).] Cause to shine or be bright; 
polish; as, to shine one's shoes. 

SHINE (shin), n. 1. State or quality of being 
bright or shining; brightness; luster; sheen; 
brilliancy; splendor. 2. Fair weather. 3. 
Polish. 4. Liking; fancy. 

SHINER (shi'ner), n. Very small American 
fresh-water fish, as a minnow. Name applied 
loosely to many species. 

SHINGLE (shing'gl), n. 1. Wood sawed or split 
thin, used instead of slates or tiles, for cover- 
ing houses. 2. Coarse gravel on a shore. 
3. Act of shingling. [Ger. schindel. — L. L. 
scindula — L. schidia, splinter — scindo, split.] 

SHINGLE (shing'gl), vt. [pr.p. SHIN'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHINGLED (shing'gld).] 1. Cover 
or roof with shingles. 2. Trim moderately 
short; said of the hair of the head. 

SHINGLES (shing'glz), n. Eruptive disease which 
often spreads round the body like a belt. [L. 
cingulum, belt.] 

SHINGLING (shing'gling), w. 1. Covering with 
shingles. 2. Shingles. 3. Squeezing the iron 
in the process of puddling; blooming. 

SHINING (shining), I. a. Scattering light; 
bright; resplendent; conspicuous; splendid. 
II. n. Effusion or clearness of light; bright- 
ness; luster. 

SHINNY (shin'i), n. Game of hockey. [Gael. 
sinteag, skip, bound.] 

SHINNY (shin'i), vi. [pr.p. SHIN'NYING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHINNIED (shin'id).] Play shinny. 

SHINTO (shin'to), ShINTOISM (shin't6-izm), n. 
Japanese indigenous religion essentially a 
system of nature- and ancestor-worship, espe- 



cially worship of the ancestors of the Japanese 
imperial family, though there are many thou- 
sand other deities propitiated by food, music 
and dances. [Chin, shin, god, and tao, doctrine.] 

SHINTY (shin'ti), n. Game played in Scotland, 
corresponding to the English hockey and 
American shinny. [Gael, sinteag, bound.] 

SHINY (shi'ni), a. Shining; diffusing light; 
bright; splendid; unclouded. 

SHIP (ship), n. 1. Large sea-going vessel; 
specifically, a vessel with three or more masts, 
square-rigged, and tops to each; loosely, any 
vessel designed for navigating the ocean; as, 
steamsMp, battlesMp, etc. 2. Something 
likened to a ship; as, an airsMp, ship of state, 
etc. For cut see SAILING VESSEL. [A. S. scip.] 

SHIP (ship), v. [pr.p. SHIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHIPPED (shipt).] I. vt. 1. Put on board a 
ship. 2. Send or convey by ship. 3. Send or 
transport by any conveyance, on land or water. 
4. Engage for service on board. 5. Receive 
on board. 6. Fix in its place. II. vi. 1. En- 
gage for service on shipboard. 2. Embark. 

SHIPBOARD (ship'bord), n. Side or deck of a 
ship; used only in the phrase, on shipboard. 

SHIP-CHANDLER (ship'chand-ler), n. Dealer 
in cordage, canvas, and other furniture and 
provisions for ships. 

SHIPMATE (ship'mat), n. Fellow sailor. 

SHIPMENT (ship'ment), n. 1. Act of putting 
on board ship; embarkation. 2. That which 
is shipped. 

SHIPPER (ship'er), n. Person who ships goods 
either by water or rail. 

SHIPPING (ship'ing), n. 1. Voyage. 2. Act of 
sending freight. 3. Ships collectively; ton- 
nage. 

SHIPSHAPE (ship'shap), I. a. Orderly; trim; 
proper. II. adv. In a seamanlike manner; 
orderly; neatly. 

SHIPWAY (ship'wa), n. Support on which a 
ship is built. 



SHIP-WORM 

(ship'wurm), 
n. Kind of ' 
bivalve mol- 
1 u s k , so 



Ship- worm boring through 
the wood. 



named from its boring into the bottoms of 

ships. 
SHIPWRECK (ship'rek), n. 1. Wreck or de- 
struction of a ship. 2. Destruction; ruin. 
SHIPWRECK (ship'rek), vt. [pr.p. SHIP'- 

WRECKING; p.t. and p.p. SHIPWRECKED 

(ship'rekt).] 1. Make to suffer shipwreck; 

wreck. 2. Ruin; destroy. 
SHIPWRIGHT (ship'rit), n. Shipbuilder. 
SHIPYARD (ship'yard), n. Place where ships 

are built or repaired. 
SHIRE (shir or sher; in compounds, in England 

sher, in U. S. shir or sher), n. Division of land; 

county. [A. S. scir, division — sceran, cut.] 
SHIRK (sherk), v. [pr.p. SHIRKING; p.t. and 

p.p. SHIRKED (sherkt).] I. vt. Avoid or get 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.a=ch in Scotch loch. 



SHIRK 



997 



SHOOT 



away from unfairly or meanly. II. vi. Avoid 
performance of duty; evade one's obligations. 
[From SHARK, live by shifts.] 

SHIRK (sherk), n. One who shirks. 

SHIRR (sher), n. 1. Fulling produced by paral- 
lel gathering-threads. 2. Elastic cord in- 
serted between two pieces of cloth. 

SHIRR (sher; vt. [pr.p. SHIRR'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHIRRED (sherd).] 1. Draw into a 
gathering or shirr. 2. Poach in cream; "as, 
to shirr eggs. 

SHIRRED (sherd), a. 1. Puckered or gathered 
into a shirr. 2. Broken into a saucer and 
poached in cream, as eggs. 

SHIRT (shert), n. Short garment worn next the 
body. [A. S. sceort, short. Cf. Ger. schurz, 
apron.] 

SHIRTING (shert'ing), n. Cloth for shirts. 

SHIRT-WAIST (shert'wast), n. Garment re- 
sembling a shirt, worn by women and 
children. 

SHIVA (she'va), n. Hindu Myth. The destroyer 
and third person of the holy triad. 

SHIVE (shiv), n. Thin disk, as of cork; scale. 
[See SHEAVE.] 

SHIVER (shiv'er), n. Splinter; one of the small 
pieces into which a brittle thing breaks by sud- 
den violence. [From root of SHEAVE.] 

SHIVER (shiv'er), v. [pr.p. SHIVERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHIVERED (shiv'erd).] I. vt. Break 
to pieces; shatter. II. vi. Be dashed to 
pieces or shattered. 

SHIVER (shiver), v. [pr.p. SHIVERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHIVERED (shiv'erd).] I. vi. Shake ; 
tremble; shudder. II. vt. Cause to shake in 
the wind, as sails. [Connected with QUIVER 
and QUAVER.] 

SHIVER (shiv'er), n. Act of shivering; shudder. 

SHIVERING (shiv'er-ing), n. Shuddering. 

SHIVERY (shiv'er-i), a. Shivering; tremulous. 

SHOAL (shol), n. Great multitude, as of fishes 
swimming together. [A. S. scolu — L. schola, 
school.] 

SHOAL (shol), vi. [pr.p. SHOALING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOALED (shold).] Throng in shoals. 

SHOAL (shol), I. n. Place where the water is 
not deep; sandbank. II. a. Shallow. [From 
SHALLOW.] 

SHOAL (shol), vi. [pr.p. SHOAL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOALED (shold).] 1. Grow shallow. 
2. Come upon shallows. 

SHOALER (shol'er), n. Sailor In the coastwise, 
not in foreign trade. 

SHOALINESS (shol'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being shoaly. 

SHOALY (shol'i), a. Full of shoals or shallows. 

SHOAT (shot), w. Young hog; shote. 

SHOCK (shok), n. 1. Violent shake or onset; 
concussion; collisions. 2. Violent effect on 
the mind or nerves. [M. Dut. schock=M. H. 
Ger. schoc, whence O. Fr. choc — root of SHAKE.] 

SHOCK (shok), vt. [pr.p. SHOCKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOCKED (shokt).] 1. Shake by vio- 



lence. 2. Startle the mind or nerves 

offend; disgust; dismay. 
SHOCK (shok), n. Pile of 

sheaves of grain. [Ger. 

schock, heap, threescore.] 
SHOCKING (shok'ing), o. 

Highly offensive. 
SHOCKINGLY (shok'ing-li), 

adv. In a shocking man- 
ner. 




Shock of grain. 



SHOD (shod), v. Past tense and past participle 
of SHOE. 

SHODDY (shod'i), I. n. 1. Waste thrown off in 
spinning wool. 2. Fabric woven from such 
waste, entirely or partly. II. a. Made of 
shoddy; of poor character. [From SHED, 
throw off.] 

SHOE (sho), w. 1. Covering for the foot. 2. 
Rim of iron nailed to the hoof of an animal 
to keep it from injury. 3. Anything in form 
or use like a shoe. [A. S. seed.] 

SHOE (sho), vt. [pr.p. SHOE'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHOD (shod).] 1. Put a shoe or shoes on; 
furnish with shoes. 2. Finish with a pro- 
tecting tip or guard; as, to shoe a sled-runner 
with iron. 

SHOEBILL (sho'bil), w. Heron-like bird (Bala- 
niceps rex) of Central Africa, having a bill 
somewhat resembling a shoe. 

SHOEBLACK (sho'blak), n. One who blacks 
and cleans shoes or boots. 

SHOEHORN (sho'harn), n. Curved piece of 
horn or metal used in putting on a shoe. 

SHOE-LACE (sho'las), n. Same as SHOE- 
STRING. 

SHOEMAKER (sho'ma-kgr), n. One whose 
occupation is making shoes. 

SHOER (sho'er), n. One who makes or puts on 
shoes; as, a shoer of horses. 

SHOE-STRING (sho'string), n. String of leather 
or other material used for fastening the shoe 
on the foot. 

SHOGUN (sho'gon), n. Under the old feudal 
system of Japan, a military governor, or 
commander in chief of the army. [Jap.] 

SHONE (shon), v. Past tense and past participle 
of SHINE. 

SHOO (sho), inter j. Begone! be off! away! 

SHOO (sho), vt. [pr.p. SHOOING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHOOED (shod).] Drive or scare away by 
crying "shoo!" 

SHOOK (shok), v. Past tense of SHAKE. 

SHOOT (shot), v. [pr.p. SHOOTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOT (shot).] I. vt. 1. Dart. 2. Let fly 
with force. 3. Discharge from a bow or gun. 
4. Strike with a shot or other missile dis- 
charged from a weapon. 5. Thrust forward. 
6. Send forth (new parts), as a plant. II. vi. 
1. Perform the act of shooting. 2. Be driven 
along. 3. Fly, as an arrow. 4. Jut out. 5. 
Germinate. 6. Advance. [A. S. sceotan.] 

SHOOT (shot), n. 1. Act of one who or that 
which shoots; shot. 2. Shooting party. 3. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SHOOTER 



998 



SHOUT 



Young branch ; off shoot. 4. Chute. 5. Rapid. 
6. Place for the deposit of rubbish. 7. Branch 
from a main water-pipe. 

SHOOTER (shot'er), n. 1. One who shoots. 2. 
Weapon or instrument used in shooting. 

SHOOTING-STAR (shot'ing-star), n. 1. Meteor. 
2. American cowslip. 

SHOP (shop), n. 1. Building in which goods 
are sold at retail. 2. Place where mechanics 
work. — Talk shop, talk of one's work, i. e., of 
what one really knows. Talking shop is con- 
demned by some cultivated Idlers who have no 
work but certain games concerning which 
they talk incessantly. [A. S. sceoppa, stall or 
booth.] 

SHOP (shop), vi. [pr.p. SHOP'PING; p.t, and p.p. 
SHOPPED (shopt).] 1. Visit shops for the 
purpose of buying goods. 2. Go from shop 
to shop inspecting goods, with no intention of 
buying. 

SHOPKEEPER (shop'kep-er), n. One who 
keeps a shop. 

SHOPLIFTER (shop'lift-er), n. One who steals 
goods from a shop, while pretending to be a 
purchaser. 

SHOPLIFTING (shop'lift-ing), n. Act or prac- 
tice of a shoplifter. 

SHORE (shor), n. Coast; land adjacent to the 
sea, a river or a lake. [A. S. 
score — sceran, shear, di- 
vide.] 

SHORE (shor), n. Prop or 
support for the side of a 
building, or to keep a ves- 
sel in dock steady on the 
slips. [O. Ger. schore, prop.] 

SHORELESS (shor'les), o. Of unlimited extent. 

SHORN (sharn), v. Past participle of SHEAR. 

SHORT (shart), I. a. [comp. SHORTER; superl. 
SHORTEST.] 1. Not long in time or space. 
2. Near at hand. 3. Insufficient; scanty; nar- 
row. 4. Abrupt. 5. Brittle. II. adv. Not long. 
III. n. 1. Brief account. 2. Deficit. 3. [pi.] 
Bran and coarse part of meal mixed. 4. [pi.] 
Sales of futures. — In short, in a few words. 
[A. So sceort — root of SKIRT. Ger. kurz.] 

SHORTAGE (shart'aj), n. Amount or quantity 
lacking to make up a requisite count or meas- 
ure. 

SHORTCAKE (shart'kak), n. Cake shortened 
with lard or butter, often in layers with fruit 
such as strawberries between them. 

SHORT-CIRCUIT (shartser-kit), n. Elec. Shunt 
or branch of small resistance intentionally or 
accidentally created in a circuit so as to take 
so much of the current as to cut out the part 
of the circuit around which the shunt is placed. 

SHORTCOMING ( shart 'kum-ing), n. 1. Neglect 
of, or failure in, duty. 2. Failure to come up 
to a requisite quality, quantity, etc.; defect, 
as of character; a falling short of an ideal or 
standard. 

SHORTEN (shart'n), v. [pr.p. SHORTENING; 




Shores. 



p.t. and p.p. SHORTENED (shart'nd).] I. vt, 

I. Make shorter. 2. Deprive. 3. Make brittle, 
or crisp, as pastry, by adding butter, lard, etc. 

II. vi. Grow shorter. 

SHORTENING ( shart 'n-ing), n. Material for 
making pastry crisp. 

SHORTHAND (shart'hand), », System of wri- 
ting, much more rapid than the ordinary long- 
hand; stenography. 

SHORTHORN (shart'harn), n. One of a breed of 
cattle characterized by short horns, rapidity 
of growth, aptitude to fatten, and good tem- 
per. 

SHORT-LIVED (shart'livd), a. Living or last- 
ing only for a short time. 

SHORTLY (shart'li), adv. 1. In a short time; 
quickly; soon. 2. In a brief manner. 

SHORTNESS (shart'nes), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being short. 2. Deficiency; shortcoming. 

SHORT-SIGHTED (shart'slt-ed), o. 1. Unable to 
see far. 2. Lacking discernment. 

SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS (shart'sit-ed-nes), n . 
Quality or state of being short-sighted. 

SHORT-STOP (shart'stop), n. Baseball. Infield- 
er stationed between second and third bases. 

SHORT-WINDED (shart'wind-ed), o. Affected 
with shortness of breath. 

SHOT (shot), v. Past tense and past participle 
of SHOOT. 

SHOT (shot), w. [pi. SHOT or SHOTS.] 1. Act 
of shooting. 2. Missile; small globules of 
lead ; solid projectile. 3. Flight of a missile ; 
distance it flies. 4. Marksman* [A. S. ge~ 
sceot — sceotan 9 shoot.] 

SHOT (shot), vt. [pr.p. SHOT'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOTTED.] Load with shot. 

SHOT (shot), o. Of a changeable color. 

SHOTE (shot), n. Young hog; same as SHOAT. 

SHQTGUN (shot'gun), n. Firearm for shooting 
small game, adapted to the firing of shot. 

SHOULD (shod), v. Past tense of SHALL, which 
see. 

SHOULDER (shdl'der), n. 1. Joint which con- 
nects the human arm or the fore leg of a quad- 
ruped with the body. 2. Flesh about the 
shoulder; upper joint of the fore leg of an ani- 
mal, cut for market. 3. Prominent, abrupt 
projection. [A. S. sculder.] 

SHOULDER (shol'der), vt. [pr.p. SHOULDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SHOULDERED (shol'derd).] 

1. Push with the shoulder. 2. Take upon 
the shoulder; assume the burden of. 

SHOULDER-BLADE (shol'der-blad), n. Broad, 
flat bone of the shoulder; scapula. 

SHOULDER-KNOT (shol'der-not), w. 1. Orna- 
mental knot of ribbon worn on the shoulder. 

2. Unfringed epaulet. 3. Brooch for wearing 
on the shoulder. 

SHOULDER-STRAP (shol'der-strap), n. 1, 
Strap worn over the shoulder as a support. 2. 
Strap worn on the shoulder by commissioned 
officers of the army and navy to indicate rank. 

SHOUT (showt), n* Loud, vehement, and sud- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SHOUT 



999 



SHRIEK 



den outcry; outcry of a multitude of persons. 
[Etym. unknown.] 

SHOUT (showt), v. [pr.p. SHOUTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOUT 'ED.] I. vt. Utter with a shout. 
II. vi. Utter a shout. 

SHOUTER (showt'er), n. 1. One who shouts. 
2. Noisy or enthusiastic follower or adherent. 

SHOVE (shuv), v. [pr.p. SHOVING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHOVED (shuvd).] I. vt. Push along by 
main force. II. vi. 1. Push roughly for- 
ward. 2. Push off. [A. S. scofian.] 

SHOVE (shuv), n. Act of shoving; push. 

SHOVEL (shuv'l), n. Instrument with a broad 
blade, or scoop, and a handle for lifting. — 
Steam shovel, machine operated by steam- 
power, consisting of excavating scoop or 
bucket worked by chain and scissors-like pair 
of steel or wooden arms. [A. S. scofl.] 




Steam Shovel. 

SHOVEL (shuv'l), v. [pr.p. SHOVELING; p.t. 
and p.p. SHOVELED (shuv'ld).] I. vt. 1. 
Lift up and throw with a shovel. 2. Toss 
rudely as if with a shovel. II. vi. Use a shovel. 

SHOVELER (shuv'1-er), n. 1. One who shov- 
els. 2. Species of broad-billed duck (Spatula 
clypeata). 

SHOVELNOSE (shuv'1-noz), w. White stur- 
geon (Scaphirhyncus platyrhyncus) , having 
a shovel-shaped snout. It is Common in the 
Mississippi River. 

SHOW (sho), v. [pr.p. SHOWING; p.t. SHOWED 
(shod); p.p. SHOWN (shon) or SHOWED.] I. 
vt. 1. Present to view; display. 2. Enable to 
perceive or know; inform; teach; guide. 3. 
Prove; explain. 4. Bestow; manifest; give. 
II. vi. Appear; look. [A. S. scedwian, look.] 

SHOW (sho), n. 1. Act of showing; display. 2. 
Sight; spectacle; parade. 3. Appearance; 
plausibility. 4. Pretense; pretext. 

SHOWBREAD (sho'bred), n. Among the Jews, 
the twelve loaves of bread presented before 
the Lord in the sanctuary every Sabbath. 

SHOW-CASE (sho'kas), n. Case or box having 
a glass top, side or front, for displaying and 
protecting articles for sale or on exhibition. 

SHOW-DOWN (sho'down), n. 1. In draw- 
poker, the laying of all the hands, face up, on 



Quality or state of 
[pi. SHOW'MEN.J 



the table, when the players have betted, in. 

order to show which is the winning hand. 2, 

Crucial test. 
SHOWER (sho'er), n. One who shows or ex- 
hibits. 
SHOWER (show'er), n. 1. Fall of rain or hail„ 

of short duration. 2. Copious, rapid supply. 

[A. S. scur.] 
SHOWER (show'er), v. [pr.p. SHOWERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SHOWERED (show'erd).] I. vt. 

1. Wet with rain; sprinkle. 2. Bestow 
liberally. II. vi. Rain in showers. 

SHOWERY (show'er-i), a. 1. Falling in showers. 

2. Rainy. 

SHOWILY (sho'i-li), adv. In a showy manner; 

with show or parade. 
SHOWINESS (sho'i-nes), n. 

being showy. 
SHOWMAN (sho'man), n. 

Proprietor of a show. 
SHOWY (sho'i), a. Making a show; cutting a 

dash; ostentatious; gay. 
SHRANK (shrangk), v. Past tense of SHRINK. 
SHRAPNEL (shrap'nel), n. Shell filled with 

musket-balls. [From its in- 
ventor, Col. Shrapnel.] 
SHRED (shred), n. Long, 

narrow piece cut or torn 

off; strip or fragment. [A. S. 

scredde.] 
SHRED (shred), vt. [pr.p. 

SHRED'DING; p.t. and p.p. 

SHRED'DED.] Cut or tear 

into shreds. 
SHREDDED (shred'ed), a. Cut 

into shreds; as, shredded 

wheat. 
SHREW (shro), n. 1. Shrew- 
mouse. 2. Brawling, trouble- 
some woman; scold. [A. S. 

scredwa, bitter.] 
SHREWD (shrod), a. Of an 

acute judgment; cunning; 

artful. [M. Eng. beshrewed, 

accursed.] 

SYN. Sagacious; subtle; 

discerning. ANT. 




Shrapnel Shell. 

Space for time fuse 
through center of top. 
1. Charge of powder. 2. 
Bullets. 



sharp; astute; 
Stolid; stupid; blind. 
SHREWDLY (shrod 'li), adv. In a shrewd manner. 
SHREWDNESS (shrod'nes), n. Quality or state 

of being shrewd. 
SHREWISH (shro'ish), a. Like a shrew ; peevish ; 

clamorous. 
SHREWISHLY (shro'ish-li), adv. In a shrewish 

manner. 
SHREWISHNESS (shro'ish-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being shrewish. 
SHREWMOUSE (shro'mows), n. Harmless 

burrowing little animal like the mouse. [See 

SHREW.] 
SHRIEK (shrek), v. [pr.p. SHRIEKING; p.t. and 

p.p. SHRIEKED (shrekt).] I. vt. Utter with a 

shrill cry. II. vi. Utter a sharp, shrill cry, 

scream. [Imitative.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, nut, burn, 
ix=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. [ 



SHRIEK 



1000 



SHUFFLE 




Shrimp. 



SHRIEK (shrek), n. Shrill outcry of terror or 
anguish ; or, by extension, a sound resembling 
such a cry. 

SHRIFT (shrift), n. Confession to a priest. — 
Short shrift, punishment very soon after con- 
demnation. [From SHRIVE.] 

SHRIKE (shrik), n. Bird which preys on insects 
and small birds, impaling its prey on thorns; 
butcher bird. [From SHRIEK.] 

SHRILL (shril), a. Piercing; sharp. [Cf. Ger. 
schrill.] 

SHRILLY (shrill), adv. In a shrill manner. 

SHRILLNESS (shril'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being shrill. 

SHRI3IP (shrimp), n. 
Small shell-fish, some- 
what resembling the 
lobster, about two 
inches long, much es- 
teemed as food. [Allied 
to SCRIMP.] 

SHRINE (shrin), n. Place in which sacred things 
are deposited sa- 
cred place. [A. 
S. serin.] 

SHRINE ( shrin), vi. 
[pr.p. SHRI- 
NING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHRINED 
(shrind).] Place 
in a shrine; en- 
shrine. 

SHRINK (shringk), 
n. 1. Contraction. 
3. Withdrawal; 
recoil. 

SHRINK (shringk), 
i\[pr.p.SHRINK- 
ING;p.*.SHRANK 
(shrangk) or Shrine to Confucius in Peking. 
SHRUNK (shrungk) ; 
p.p. SHRUNK or SHRUNKEN (shrungk' n).] 

1. vt. Cause to contract. II. vi. 1. Con- 
tract spontaneously; become reduced; dimin- 
ish. 2. Recoil, as from fear, disgust, etc. [A.S. 
scrincan.] 

SHRINKAGE (shringk'aj), n. 1. Contraction. 

2. Loss in bulk or value. 
SHRINKING-HEAD (shringking-hed), n. Mol- 
ten metal added to refill a mold alter the first 
casting has shrunk through cooling. 

SHRIVE (shriv), v. [pr.p. SHRI'VING; p.t. 

SHRIVED (shrivd) or SHROVE (shrov) ; p.p. 

SHRIVEN (shriv'n) or SHRIVED.] I. vt. Hear 

confession of; impose a penance on; grant 

absolution to. II. vi. Receive confession; 

make confession. [A. S. scrifan — L. scriho, 

write.] 
SHRIVEL (shriv'l), v. [pr.p. SHRIVELING; p.t. 

and p.p. SHRIVELED (shriv'ld).] I. vt. Cause 

to contract into wrinkles or corrugations. II. 

vi. Become wrinkled or corrugated. [Etym. 

doubtful.] 





Shrouds. 



SHROUD (shrowd), n. 1. Dress of the dead, 

That which clothes or covers. 

3. [pi.] Set of ropes from the 

mast-heads to a ship's sides, 

to support the masts. [A. S. 

scrud, clothing.] 
SHROUD (shrowd), vt. [pr.p. 

SHROUD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SHROUD'ED.] 1. Inclose 

in a shroud. 2. Envelope 

so as to conceal; conceal; 

veil. 

SHROVE (shrov), v. Past tense of SHRIVE. 
SHROVETIDE (shrov'tid), n. Time at which 

confession is to be made, immediately before 

Lent. [A. S. scraf p.t. of scrifan, shrive. See 

SHRIVE.] 
SHRUB (shrub), w. Woody plant with several 

stems from the same root. [A. S. scrob.] 
SHRUB (shrub), n. Drink of fruit juice, spirit, 

sugar, and water. [A corrup. of SHERBET.] 
SHRUBBERY (shrub'er-i), n. [pi. SHRUB'- 

BERIES.] 1. Shrubs generally or collectively. 

2. Plot or collection of shrubs. 
SHRUBBINESS ( shrub 'i-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being shrubby. 
SHRUBBY ( shrub i), a. 1. Abounding with 

shrubs. 2. Resembling a shrub. 3. Consist- 
ing of shrubs. 
SHRUG (shrug), v. [pr.p. SHRUG'GEVG; p.t. and 

p.p. SHRUGGED (shrugd).] I. vt. Draw up; 

contract. II. vi. Draw up the shoulders. 

[Sw. skrukka, hump.] 
SHRUG (shrug), n. Act of shrugging the shoul- 
ders. 
SHRUNK (shrungk), v. Past tense and past 

participle of SHRINK. 
SHRUNKEN (shrungk'n), a. Shriveled up; 

withered; contracted; shrunk. 
SHUCK (shuk), n. 1. Shell or covering; husk; 

pod. 2. Case or covering of the larvae of cer- 
tain insects. 
SHUCK (shuk), vt. [pr.p. SHUCKTNG; p.t. and 

p.p. SHUCKED (shukt).] Remove the shucks 

or husks of; as, to shuck corn. 
SHUDDER (shud'er), vi. [pr.p. SHUD'DER- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. SHUDDERED (shud'erd).] 

Tremble from fear or horror. [Dut. schud- 

dern.] 
SHUDDER (shud'er), n. Act of shuddering; 

tremor; shiver. 
SHUFFLE (shuf'l), v. [pr.p. SHUFFLING; p.t. 

and p.p. SHUFFLED (shuf'ld).] I. vt. Shove 

a little; push back and forth; change the 

relative positions of; confuse. II. vi. 1. 

Change the order of cards in a pack. 2. Shift 

ground. 3. Evade fair questions. 4. Move 

by dragging the feet along the ground. [Freq. 

Of SHOVE.] 

SYN. Juggle; equivocate; quibble. ANT. 

Explain; elucidate; reveal. 
SHUFFLE (shuf'l), n. 1. Act of shuffling. 2. 

Evasion; artifice. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=t* in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SHUN 



1001 



SICKEN 



SHUN (shun), vt. [pr.p. SHUN'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHUNNED (shund).] Avoid; keep clear 
of; eschew. [A. S. scunian.] 

SHUNT (shunt), v. [pr.p, SHUNTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SHUNT'ED.] I. vt. Move or turn aside ; 
as, to shunt or switch off a railway train. 
II. vi. 2. Elec. Establish an additional or by- 
path for the passage of an electric current. 
[From SHUN.] 

SHUNT (shunt), n. 1. Act of using a switch or 
shunt. 2. Elec, Additional or by-path estab- 
lished for the passage of an electric current 
or discharge. 

SHUT (shut), v. [pr.p. SHUT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
SHUT.] I. vt. 1. Close, as a door. 2. Bar out; 
exclude. 3. Fold or bring the parts of together; 
as, to shut a book. II. vi. 1. Close, as 
flowers shut at night. 2. Become silent; 
shut up. (Colloq.) [A. S. scyttan.] 

SHUT (shut), I. a. 1. Closed; barred; fastened. 

2. Not sonorous; dull. 3. Orthoepy. Having 
the sound suddenly interrupted or stopped, 
as the i in grit. II. n. Act of shutting. 

SHUT-IN (shut'in), n. Part of a valley much 

narrower than the rest. 
SHUT-OUT (shut'owt), n. Baseball. Act of 

shutting out or preventing the opposite side 

from scoring. 
SHUTTER (shut'er), n. 1. One who or that 

which shuts. 2. Frame, usually hung upon 

hinges, serving to shut out the light or view. 

3. Photog. Device for opening and closing a 
lens. 4. Found. Gate for cutting off the flow 
of molten metal. 

SHUTTLE (shut'l), n. 1. Instrument used for 

shooting the thread of the woof in weaving. 

2. Similar instrument in a sewing machine. 

[A. S. scyttels — sceotan, shoot.] 
SHUTTLECOCK (shut'1-kok), n. Cork stuck 

with feathers, driven with a battledore, in 

game of the same name. 
SHY (shi), I. a. [comp. SHY'ER; superl. 

SHY'EST.] 1. Timid; coy; reserved; cautious. 

2. Scant; short. II. ra. Act of shying. [A. S. 

sceoh.] 
SHY (shi), v. [pr.p. SHY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
, SHIED (shid).] I. vt. 1. Cause to swerve or 

glance aside. 2. Throw or fling; as, to shy a 

stone at a person. II. vi. 1. Start aside sud- 
denly. 2. Fling stones. 
SHYER (shi'er), n. One who or that which shies. 
SHYLY (shi'li), adv. In a shy manner; coyly; 

timidly. 
SHYNESS (shi'nes), n. Quality or state of being 

shy. 
SHYSTER (shi'ster), n. Person, who resorts to 

low tricks, especially a tricky lawyer. [Etym. 

doubtful.] 
SI (se), n. Seventh note in the musical scale. 
SlAM (si-am'), ». Kingdom, southeastern Asia. 
SIAMANG (si-a-mang')j n. Large gibbon (Hylo- 

bates syndactylus), of Sumatra and the Malay 

peninsula. [Native name.] 



a. Of or pertaining to 
na- 




Khoulalonkorn, 

King of Siam. Born 
1886, died 1910. 



Siamese (si-a-mes'), i. 

Siam. II. n. Native 
tives, or language of Siam. 

SIBERIA (si-be'ri-a),n. Rus- 
sian possession in Asia. 

SIBERIAN (si-be'ri-an), I. a. 
Of or pertaining to Siberia. 
II. n. Native or inhabit- 
ant of Siberia. 

SIBILANT (sib'i-lant), I. a. 
Hissing. II. n. Sibilant 
letter, as s, z, sh, and zh. 
[L. sibilo, hiss.] 

SIBILATE (sib'i-lat),«*. [pr.p. 
SIB'ILATING; p.t. and p.p. 
SIBILATED.] 1. Pro- 
nounce with a hissing sound. 2. Mark with 
a character indicating such pronunciation. 

SIBILATION (sib-i-la'shun), n. Hissing sound; 
hiss. 

SIBLING (sib'ling), n. Anyone of several per- 
sons born of the same parents; brother or 
sister. [A. S. sib, kin.] 

SIBYL (sib'il), n. Class. Myth. One of a number 
of certain women supposed to be inspired by 
a god, and who, while in a state of transport, 
were able to unveil futurity. [L. sibylla — Gr. 
sibylla.] 

SIBYLLINE (sib'il-in or sib'il-in), a. Of or per- 
taining to the sibyls; written or uttered by a 
sibyl; prophetical, like the utterances of the 
sibyls. 

SIC (sik), adv. So written or printed. Used in 
parenthesis, to assert that the quotation is 
accurate [L., so.] 

SICHLING (sish'ling), n. Fresh-water fish of the 
genus Leucisus, belonging to the family of 
Cyprinidm. 




Sichling, 

SICILIAN (si-sil'i-an), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Sicily. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Sicily. 

SlCILY (sis'i-li), n. Italian island, in the Medi- 
terranean Sea. Area 11,289 sq. m. 

SICK (sik), a. I. In bad health; ill. 2. Affected 
with nausea. 3. Disgusted. 4. Surfeited. 
[A. S. esoc] 

SYN. Ailing; diseased; indisposed; dis- 
ordered; poorly; unwell. ANT. Well; hale; 
sound; robust; healthy. 

SICK (sik), vt. [pr.p. SICK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SICKED (sikt).] Urge to attack; set on; as, to 
sick the dog on something. (Colloq.) 

SICKEN (sik'n), v. [pr.p. SICK'ENING; p.t. and 
p.p. SICKENED (sik'nd).] I. vt. 1. Make 
sick. 2. Disgust. II. vi. 1. Become sick or 
weak. 2. Become disgusted. 



fate, fat, (ask, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ftstf in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SICKENING 



1003 



SIGHT 



slightly 



/ Sickle. 



SICKENING (sik'n-ing), a. Making sick; dis- 
gusting; nauseating. 

SICKISH (sik'ish), a. Somewhat sick; 
nauseating. 

SICKISHLY (sik'ish-li), adv. In a sickish man- 
ner. 

SICKISHNESS (sik'ish-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sickish. 

SICKLE (sik'l), n. Hooked instrument for cut- 
ting grain. [A. S. sicel — 
L. secula — seco, cut.] 

SICKLINESS (sik'li-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being 
sickly. 

SICKLY (sik'li), a. 1. In- 
clined to sickness ; unhealthy ; somewhat sick ; 
weak; languid. 3. Producing disease. 

SICKNESS (sik'nes), w. 1. Quality or state of 
being sick ; illness. 3. Disordered state of the 
stomach; nausea. 

SIDE (sid), I. n. 1. Edge; border. 3. Surface of 
a solid ; part of a thing as seen by the eye. 3. 
Region; part; especially the part of an animal 
between the hip and shoulder. 4. Part, party, 
interest, or opinion, opposed to another, as 
left and right ; faction. 5. Line of descent. II. 
a. 1. Being on or toward the side ; lateral. 3. 
Indirect. [A. S.] 

SIDE (sid), vi. [pr.p, SI'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
SIDED.] Take the part or side of; followed by 
with. Attach one's self to any particular 
party, faction, or interest, when opposed to 
another; take sides. 

SIDEARMS (sid'armz), n. pi. Weapons worn at 
the side, as a sword, pistols, etc. 

SIDEBOARD (sid'bord), n. Piece of furniture 
in a dining-room for holding dishes, etc. 

SIDE-LIGHT (sid'lit), n. 1. Light admitted into 
a building, etc., from the side. 3. Incidental 
illustration. 3. One of a ship's colored lights 
red for port and green for starboard. 

SIDE-LINE (sid'lin), n. 1. Special line of goods 
carried by a traveling salesman and sold in- 
dependently of his regular line. 3. Football. 
Line fixing bounds of play on the side of the 
field. 

SIDELING (sid'ling), I. o. Sloping. II. adv. 
Sidelong; obliquely. III. n. Slope. [Prov. E.] 

SIDELONG (sid'lang), I. a. Oblique; not straight; 
lateral. II. adv. In the direction of the side ; 
obliquely. 

SIDE-PARTNER (sid'part-ner), n. One who 
works next to another; close companion. 

SIDEREAL (si-de're-al), a. 1. Relating to a star 
or stars ; starry. 3. Measured by the apparent 
motion of the stars. [L. sidus, sideris, star.] 

SIDE-SADDLE (sid'sad-1), n. Saddle for women, 
in the use of which the feet are both on one 
side. 

SIDE-SHOW (sid'sho), n. 1. Small show accom- 
panying a larger one. 3. Minor attraction. 
(Colloq.) 

SIDESTEP (sid'step), vi. [pr.p. SIDE 'STEPPING; 



p.t. and p.p. SIDESTEPPED (sid'stept).] Step 
to one side, especially in boxing, to avoid a 
rush; hence, get out of the way; evade. 
(Colloq.) 

SIDE-TRACK (sid'trak), n. Railroad turnout or 
siding. 

SIDE-TRACK (sid'trak), v. [pr.p. SIDE'TRACK- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SIDE-TRACKED (sid'- 
trakt).] I. vt. 1. Turn or switch a railroad 
engine or train onto a side-track. 3. Put aside 
for the consideration of something else. II. vi. 
Go upon a siding. 

SIDEWALK (sid'wak), n. Walk for foot pas- 
sengers on either side of the street. 

SIDEWAYS (sid'waz), SIDEWISE (sid'wiz), 
adv. Toward or on one side; inclining; later- 
ally. 

SIDING (si'ding), n. 1. Short line of track on 
which railroad cars are shunted or switched 
off from the main line. 3. Covering of the out- 
side wall of a frame building. 

SIDLE (si'dl), vi. [pr.p. SIDLING; p.t. and p.p. 
SIDLED (si'dld).] Go or move side-foremost, 
sometimes with suggestion of timidity or 
bashfulness. 

SIEGE (sej), n. 1. Settling of an army round or 
before a fortified place to take it by force. 3. 
Continued endeavor to gain possession. [Fr. 
siege — L. sedes, .seat — sedeo, sit.] 

SIENNA (si-en'a), n. Fine orange-red pigment 
used in painting. [From Sienna, in Italy.] 

SlENNA (si-en'a), SlENA (se-a/na), n. 1. Prov- 
ince, Tuscany, Italy. 3. Its capital. 

SIERRA (se-er'ra), n. Ridge of mountains or 
crags. [Sp. — L. serra, saw.] 

SlERRA LEONE (se-er'ra la-6'na). British 
colony, W. coast of Africa. Area 15,000 sq. m. 

SlERRA NEVADA (se-er'ra ne-va'da). Moun- 
tains, Spain. Altitude 11,658 feet. 

SlERRA NEVADA. Mountains, California. 
Altitude 15,000 feet. 

SIESTA (si-es'ta), n. Nap at midday. [Sp. — L. 
sexta (hora), the sixth (hour) after sunrise.] 

SIEVE (siv), n. Vessel with a bottom of woven 
hair or wire, or perforated, used to separate 
the fine part of anything from the coarse. 
[A. S. sife.] 

SIFT (sift), vt. [pr.p. SIFT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SDJT'ED.] Separate with, or as with, a sieve; 
examine closely. [A. S. siftan.] 

SIFTER (sift'er), n. One who or that which 
sifts; specifically, a sieve. 

SIGH (si), v. [pr.p. SIGHING; p.*. and p.p. 
SIGHED (sid).] I. vi. Inhale and respire 
with a long, deep, and audible breathing, as 
in grief; sound like sighing. II. vt. Express 
by sighs. [A. S. sican.] 

SIGH (si), n. Single deep respiration, espe- 
cially when involuntary, expression of fatigue 
or some depressing emotion, as grief, anxiety, 
or the like. 

SIGHT (sit), n. 1. Act of seeing; view. 3. Faculty 



fate, fat, task far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SIGHT 



1003 



SIGNPOST 



of seeing. 3. That which is seen; a spectacle; 
space within vision. 4. Examination. 5. 
Small opening for looking through at objects. 
6. Piece of metal on a gun to guide the eye in 
taking aim. 7. Large quantity, as a sight of 
money. — In sight, within the range of vision. 
— Out of sight, beyond the range of vision; 
beyond comparison; excellent. (Colloq.). — At 
sight, without practice, as to read music at 
sight. [A. S. siht, gesihth — seon, see.] 

SIGHT (sit), v. [pr.p. SIGHT'ING; p.U and p.p. 
SIGHT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Get sight of; perceive; 
see. 2. Bring into the field of accurate ob- 
servation. 3. Give the proper elevation or aim 
to by means of a sight. 4. Furnish with a 
sight or sights. II. vi. Take aim. 

SIGHTED (sit'ed), a. Having sight; having the 
sights adjusted, as a gun. 

SIGHTLESS (sit'les), a. Wanting sight; blind. 

SIGHTLINESS (sit'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sightly. 

SIGHTLY (sit'li), a. Pleasing to the sight or eye. 

SIGHTSEEING (sit'se-ing), n. Visiting famous 
or notorious places, buildings, monuments, 
works of art, etc. 

SIGIL (sij'il), n. Seal; signature; sign. [L. sig- 
illum dim. of signum sign.] 

SlGILLARIA (slj'i-la'ria), n. Genus of fossil 
trees occurring chiefly in middle section of 
the carboniferous strata. 

SIGMA (.sig'ma), n. Greek S. 

SIGN (sin), n. 1. That by which a thing is known 
or represented; mark; token; symptom; proof. 
2. Word, gesture, or mark, intended to sig- 
nify something else. 3. Remarkable event; 
miracle. 4. Something set up as a notice in a 
public place. 5. Math. Mark showing the re- 
lation of quantities, as — and +. 6. One of the 
twelve parts of the zodiac. [L. signum.] 

SYN. Indication; type; omen; presage; 
emblem; manifestation; signal. ANT. De- 
lusion; deception; cheat. 

SIGN (sin), v. [pr.p. SIGN'ING; p.U and p.p. 
SIGNED (sind).] I. vt 1. Mark with a 
sign or symbol. 2. Affix one's signature to. 
II. vi. 1. Make a sign or signal. 2. Write 
one's signature on a paper, deed, etc. 

SIGNAL (sig'nal), I. a. Standing out from the 
rest; eminent; notable; distinguished; re- 
markable; conspicuous. II. n. Any visible 
or audible sign used as a means of informa- 
tion or guidance; sign; token; omen. [Fr.] 

SIGNAL (sig'nal), v. [pr.p. SIG'NALING; p.t. and 
p.p. SIGNALED (sig'nald).l I. vt. 1. Make 
signals to. 2. Serve as a signal of. II. vi. 
Make signals. 

SIGNALIZE (sig'nal-iz), vt. [pr p. SIG'NAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. SIGNALIZED (slg'nal- 
Izd).] Render noteworthy; indicate. 

SIGNALLY (sig'nal-i),adv. In a signal manner. 

SIGNATORY (sig'na-to-ri), I. n. One who has 
signed. II. a. Bound by signature and seal, 
as parties to a treaty. 



SIGNATURE (sig'na-tur), n. 1. Sign; mark. 2. 
Name of a person written by himself. 3. 
Music. — Key signature, flats or sharps after 
the clef to show the key. — Time-signature, 
two numerals one above the other, the upper 
showing number of beats in a bar, the lower 
the length of the beat. [Fr.] 
MAJOR 
G A E B F# 



i 



« u «» i ft VM\ te i 



3F 



r# c# q# d# 



MINOR 
MAJOR 

Bb Eb Ab 



Db ob 



dfc 



*a? 



fc=£ 



s;ffi^;^ 



ffiaa 



C F 

MINOR 



sb 



Eb 



SIGNBOARD (sin'bord), ». Board with a notice 
or sign, as the name of a business firm. 

SIGNET (sig'net), ». Private seal. [Fr.] 

SIGNIFICANCE (sig-nif'i-kans), n. 1. That 
which is signified; meaning. 2. Importance; 
moment. 

SIGNIFICANT (sig-nif'i-kant), a. 1. Expressive; 
suggestive ; standing as a sign. 2. Important. 

SIGNIFICANTLY (sig-nif'i-kant-li), adv. In a 
significant manner. 

SIGNIFICATION (sig-ni-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of signifying. 2. That which is signified; 
meaning. 

SIGNIFICATIVE (sig-nif'i-ka-tiv), a. Signifi- 
cant. 

SIGNIFY (sig'ni-fi), v. [pr.p. SIG'NIFYING; p.U 
and p.p. SIGNIFIED (sig'ni-fld).] I. vt. 1. 
Make known by signs or words. 2. Mean; 
import. II. vi. Be of consequence or impor- 
tance; matter. [L. significo — signum, sign, 
and facio, make.] 

SIGNIOR (se'nyur), n. English form of SIGNOR. 

SIGN-MANUAL (sin-man'u-al), n. Signature 
of a sovereign, usually only the initial with 
R. for Rex (L., king), or Regina (L., queen). 

SIGNOR (se'nyur), n. Italian title of address or 
respect corresponding to the English sir or Mr. 
[It. signore.] 

SIGNORA (se-nyo'ra), n. Italian title of address 
or respect corresponding to madam or Mrs. 

SIGNORINA (se-nyo-re'na), n. Italian title of 
address or respect corresponding to the English 
Miss. 

SIGNPOST (sin'post), n. Post on which a sign 
Is hung; direction-post. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SIKH 



1004 } 



SILLY 



SlKH (sek), n. One of a religious sect in Hindu- 
stan which professes the 
purest deism. Physically 
the Sikhs are highly en- 
dowed, being finely formed 
and possessed of great 
powers of endurance, as 
well as courage. [Hind.] 

SILENCE (si'lens), I. w. 1. 
State of being silent. 2. 
Absence of sound or 
speech; muteness. 3. Ces- 
sation of agitation; calm- 
ness. 4. Oblivion. II. in- 
ter j. Be silent! 

SILENCE (si'lens), vt. [pr,p. SI'LENCING; p.t. 
and p.p. SILENCED (si'lenst).] 1. Compel 
to keep silent. 2. Make to cease ; quiet. 

SILENCER (si'len-ser), n. One who or that 
which silences; specifically, a device for 
silencing the explosive noise of a firearm. 




Sikh. 




Silencer and Bayonet. 

SILENT (si'lent), a. 1. Free from noise or sound. 
2. Not speaking. 3. Taciturn. 4. Not pro- 
nounced, as k in know. [L. silens.] 

SYN. Quiet; dumb; mute; unuttered; 
still; speechless; inarticulate. ANT. Noisy; 
blatant; vociferous. 

SILENTLY (si'lent-li), adv. In a silent manner; 
quietly; noiselessly. 

SlLESIA (si-le'sha), n. Territory of central 
Europe, divided between Prussia and Austria. 

SILESIA (si-le'sha), n. 1. Kind of thin coarse 
linen cloth, originally manufactured in Silesia. 
2. A twilled cotton cloth. 

SlLESIAN (si-le'shan), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
Silesia. II. n. Native or inhabitant of Silesia. 

SILEX (si'leks), n. Silica, found 
in nature as flint, quartz, rock- 
crystal, etc. [L. silex, flint.] 

SILHOUETTE (sil-Q-ef), n. Shad- 
ow-outline of the human figure 
or profile. [From Silhouette, a 
French minister of finance in 
1759, after whom everything 
cheap was named, from his ex- 
cessive economy.] 

SILHOUETTE (sil-o-ef), vt. [pr.p. 
SILHOUETTING; p.t. and p.p. 
SILHOUETTED.] Cause to appear in silhou 
ette. 




Silhouette of 
Benj. Frank- 
lin. 



Silique. 
tropical 



SILICA (sil'i-ka), n. Pure silex or flint, the mo3t 
abundant solid constituent of our globe. 

SILICATE (sil'i-kat), n. Salt of silicic acid. 

SILICEOUS, SILICIOUS (si-lish'us), SILICIC 
(si-lis'ik), a. Pertaining to, containing, or re- 
sembling, silica. 

SILIQUE (si-lek'), SILIQUA (sil'i-kwa), n. Seed 
vessel or pod of a crucigerous plant. 
[Fr. — L. siliqua, pod, husk.] 

SILK (silk), I. n. 1. Delicate, soft 
thread, produced by certain cater- 
pillars in forming cocoons. 2. Thread 
or cloth woven from it. 3. Anything 
resembling silk. II. a. Pertaining to, 
or consisting of, silk. [A. S. seolc] 

SILK-COTTON (silk'kot-n), n. Silky 
fiber of various kinds produced by 
trees of the genus Bombax; kapok. 

SILKEN (silk'n), a. 1. Made of silk. 2. Dressed 
in silk. 3. Resembling silk. 

SILKINESS (silk'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being silky. 

SILKWORM (silk'wurm), n. Popular name for 
the caterpillar 
or larva of 
any moth, the 
chrysalis of 
which is in- 
closed in a 
cocoonof silk. 
The best silk 
is produced by 
the larva of 
the moth 
Bombyx mori. 
Native Ameri- 
can silkworms 
such as Telea 
polyphemus 
have not pro- 
duced com- 
mercially 
profitable silk. 

SILKWORM-TREE (silk'wurm-tre), n. White 
mulberry (Morus alba), whose leaves furnish 
the chief food of the silkworm. 

SILKY (silk'i), a. [comp. SILKIER; superl. 
SILK'IEST.] 1. Resembling silk; soft, smooth 
and glossy. 2. Bot. Lustrous like silk. 

SILL (sil), n. Timber or stone at the foot of a 
door or a window; threshold. [A. S. syll.] 

SILLABUB (sil'a-bub), w. Wine or cider mixed 
with milk and sweetened. 

SlLLAGO (sil'a-go), n. Genus of spiny finned 
fishes with elongate body and oblong head, 
confined to the Asiatic coasts. 

SILLILY (sil'i-li), adv. In a silly manner; fool- 
ishly. 

SILLINESS (sil'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being silly. 

SILLY (sil'i), a. 1. Foolish; witless. 2. Impru- 
dent. 3. Absurd: stupid. [Orig. seeley — A. S. 
scelig, blissful.] 




American Silkworm (Telea Poly- 
phemus) . 

A. Worm. B. Larva Chrysalis. O Cocoon. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
" u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SILO 



1005 



SIMPER 



SILO (si'Io), n. Pit and structure for storing 
fodder and green provisions on the principle 





Silo. 



Device for constructing level and circular 
silo foundation. 

a. Center post. bb. Straight edge leveled boards. 
c. Straight edge board revolving on pin in top of 
center post. d. Cross-piece marking inner edge of 
wall as c revolves. 

of preserving them by 
tight packing which ex- 
cludes the air. [Sp. — L. 
slrus, pit.] 

SlLPHA (sil'fa), n. Genus 
of large, dark-colored bee- 
tles with club - shaped 
ele ven-j ointed antennae, of 
the family Silphidce, feed- 
ing chiefly on carrion. 
[Gr. silphe, beetle.] 

SlLPHIUM (sil'fi-um), n. 
Genus of rough-haired per- 
ennial plants of the sub- 
tribe Melampodiew, hav- 
ing stalks full of resinous 
juice and large flower- 
heads with yellow flowers, most of the species 
being native in the southern part of the Mis- 
sissippi Valley. 

SILT (silt), w. Sediment, as sand, mud, etc., left 
by water. [Sw. sil, strainer.] 

SILT (silt), v. [pr.p. SILT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SILT 'ED.] I. vt. Choke or stop up with sedi- 
ment. II. vi. 1. Become choked or ob- 
structed with silt. 2. Percolate through 
crevices; ooze. 

SILTY (silt'i), a. Consisting of, resembling, or 
full of, silt. 

SlLURIAN (si-lo'ri-an), a. Belonging to Siluria, 
the country of the Silures, the ancient in- 
habitants of part of Wales and England; in 
geology, applied to the strata below the old 
red sandstone. 

SlLURID^E (sl-lo'ri-de), n. Family of fishes, 
including the American catfishes with mouth 
and air-bladder connected by a duct, of the 
order Nematognathi (having threads on the 
jaws). 

SILVAN, SYLVAN (sil' van), a. Pertaining to 
woods; woody; inhabiting woods. [L. silva, 
forest.l 

SILVER (sil'ver), I. n. 1. Soft white metal, 
capable of a high polish. 2. Money made of 
silver. 3. Anything having the appearance of 
silver. II. a. 1. Made of silver. 2. Resem- 
bling silver. [A. S. seolfor.] 




Bearded Silver Polish Chickens. 



SILVER (sil'ver), vt. [pr.p. SII/VERING; p.t. and 
p.p. SILVERED (sil'verd).] 1. Cover or coat, 
with silver. 2. Make silver-like. 

SILVERING (sil'ver-ing), n. Operation of cover- 
ing with silver. 

SILVERITE (sil'ver-it), n. Alloy of aluminum, 
copper, zinc, and steel. 

SILVER POLISH POULTRY (sil'ver po'lish 
pol'try). 
Beautiful- 
ly marked 
variety of 
chicken, a! 
medium 
sized fowl 
traced 
back as far 
as the six- 
teenth cen- 
tury. The 

Bearded Silver is one of the eight varieties of 
the Polish breed. 

SILVERSIDES (sil'ver-sidz), n. Popular name 
for any of several species of small fish having 
a broad silvery band along each side. 

SILVERSMITH (sil'ver-smith), n. One who 
works in silver. 

SILVERWARE (sil'ver-war), n. Articles made 
of silver. 

SILVERY (sil'ver-i), a. 1. Covered with silver. 
2. Resembling silver. 3. Sounding like silver. 

SIMIAN (sim'i-an), I. a. Pertaining to or re- 
sembling an ape or monkey; monkey-like. 
II. n. Ape or monkey. [L. simia, ape.] 

SIMILAR (sim'i-lar), a. Resembling; nearly 
corresponding; alike in shape. [L. similis.] 

SIMILARITY (sim-i-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being similar. 

SIMILARLY (sim'i-lar-li), adv. In a similar or 
like manner. 

SIMILE (sim'i-le), n. 1. Similitude. 2. Bhet. 
Illustrative comparison. 

SIMILITUDE (si-mil'i-tud), n. 1. Resemblance. 
2. Comparison; simile. 

SIMIOID (sim'i-oid), SIMIOUS (sim'i-us), a. 
Same as SIMIAN. 

SIMITAR (sim'i-tar), n. Same as SCIMITER. 

SIMMER (sim'er), vi. [pr.p. SIMMERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SIMMERED (sim'erd).] Boil very 
gently. [Cf. Sw. dialect summa, buzz, and 
Ger. summerly hum.] 

SIMONIAC (si-mo 'ni-ak), n. Person guilty of 
simony. 

SIMONIACAL (sim-o-ni'a-kal), a. Pertaining 
to or involving simony. 

SIMONY (sim'o-ni), w. Crime of buying or sell- 
ing ecclesiastical preferment; so named from 
Simon Magus who thought to purchase the 
gift of the Holy Spirit with money, Acts viii. 

SIMOOM (si-mom'), SIMOON (si-mon'), n. De- 
structive hot wind in Northern Africa and 
Arabia. [Ar. samum — semm, poison.] 

SIMPER (sim'per), vi. [pr.p. SIM'PERING; p.t. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SIMPER 



1006 



SINGHALESE 



and p.p. SIMPERED (sim'perd).] Smile in a 
silly or affected manner; smirk. [Perhaps 
Norw. semper, fine.] 

SI31PER (sim'per), n. Affected smile or smirk. 

SIMPLE (sim'pl), I. a. [comp. SIM'PLER; superl. 
SIM'PLEST.] 1. Single; undivided; not com- 
pounded; elementary; homogeneous. 2. Open; 
unaffected; undesigning; true; clear; straight- 
forward. 3. Artless; guileless; unsuspecting; 
credulous. 4. Not cunning; weak in intellect; 
silly. 5. Plain; not adorned; not luxurious. 
II. n. 1. Something not mixed or compounded. 
2. Medicinal herb. 3. Simpleton. [L. simplus, 
simplex, onefold.] 

SYN. Mere; sincere; frank; humble; un- 
mixed. ANT. Complex; artful; affected. 

SIMPLENESS (sim'pl-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being simple; usually in a derogatory sense. 

SIMPLETON (sim'pl-tun), n. Weak or foolish 
person. 

SIMPLICITY (sim-plis'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being simple. 

SIMPLIFICATION (sim-pli-fi-ka'shun), w. Act 
of simplifying. 

SIMPLIFY (sim'pli-fi), vt. [pr.p. SIMPLIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. SIMPLIFIED (sim'pli-fid).] Make 
simple or less difficult. 

SI3IULATE (sim'ti-lat), vt. [pr.p. SIMULATING; 
p.t. and p.p. SIM'ULATED.] Imitate; coun- 
terfeit; pretend. [L. simulo — similis, like.] 

SIMULATION (sim-u-la'shun), n. Act of simu- 
lating. 

SIMULATOR (sim'u-la-tur), n. One who simu- 
lates. 

SIMULTANEOUS (sim-ul-ta'ne-us), a. Acting, 
existing, or happening at the same time. 
[L.L. simultaneus — L. simul, together.] 

SIMULTANEOUSLY (sim-ul-ta'ne-us-li), adv. 
In a simultaneous manner; at the same time. 

SIN (sin), n. 1. Willful violation of a divine law ; 
transgression. 2. Wickedness ; iniquity. [A.S. 
syn.] 

SIN (sin), vi. [pr.p. SEV'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
SINNED (sind).] Commit sin; do wrong. 

SlNAI (si'ni), n. Mountain pass in Arabia 
Petraea, occupying the southern extremity of 
the peninsula of the same name, formed by 
the two arms of the Red Sea, rendered mem- 
orable as the spot where the law was said to be 
given to Moses. 

SlNAITIC (si-na-it'ik), a. Of or pertaining to 
Sinai. 

SINAPISM (sin'a-pizm), n. Mustard plaster. [Gr. 
sinapi, mustard.] 

SINCE (sins), I. adv. 1. From that time till now. 
2. Past; ago. II. prep. 1. After. 2. From 
the time of. III. conj. Seeing that; because; 
considering. [A. S. sith-than, after all.] 

SINCERE (sin-ser'), a. 1. The same in reality 
as in appearance; unfeigned; genuine. 2. 
Frank; honest; true. [L. sincerus.] 

SINCERELY (sin-ser'li), adv. In a sincere 
manner; truly. 




Sine. 

db sine of the arc de. The 
ratio of db to da, is the 
sine of the angle dab. 



SINCERENESS ( sin-ser 'nes), n. Same as SIN- 
CERITY. 

SINCERITY ( sin-ser 'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being sincere. 

SINCIPUT (sin'si-put), n. Forepart of the head. 
[L. semi, half, and caput, head.] 

SINE (sin), n. Straight line drawn from one 
extremity of an arc perpen- 
dicular to the diameter 
that passes through the 
other extremity. [L. sinus, 
curve.] 

SINE (si'ne), prep. Without. \ 
— Sine die, for an indefi- 
nite time. — Sine qua non, 
necessary, indispensable. 
[L.1 

SINECURE (si'ne-kur), n. 
Office with salary but with- 
out work. [L. sine, with- 
out, and cura, care.] 

SINEW (sin'u), n. 1. That which joins a muscle 
to a bone; tendon. 2. That which supplies 
vigor; muscle; nerve. [A. S. sinu.] 

SINEW (sin'u), vi. [pr.p. SINEWING; p.t. and 
p.p. SINEWED (sin'ud).] Bind as by sinews; 
strengthen or knit strongly together. 

SINEWY (sin'u-i), a. 1. Consisting of, belong- 
ing to, having or resembling, sinews. 2. 
Strong; vigorous. 

SINFUL (sin'fol), a. Full of, or tainted with, 
sin; iniquitous; wicked; depraved; criminal. 

SINFULLY (sin'fol-i), adv. In a sinful manner; 
wickedly. 

SINFULNESS (sin'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sinful. 

SING (sing), v. [pr.p. SINGING; p.t. SANG (sang) 
or SUNG (sung); p.p. SUNG.] I. vt. 1. Utter 
with musical modulations of the voice. 2. 
Celebrate in song. 3. Affect with song; as, to 
sing one to sleep. II. vi. 1. Utter musical or 
melodious sounds. 2. Render a song. 3. 
Make a gentle shrill sound; as, the singing of 
a kettle. [A. S. singan.] 

SYN. Warble; carol; chant; hum; chir- 
rup; chirp. 

SINGAPORE (sing'ga-por), n. British city and 
island south of 31alay Peninsula. Area 206 
sq. m. 

SINGE( sinj),vf. [pr.p. SUN GE'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SINGED 
(sinjd).] Burn on the sur- 
face; scorch. [A. S. sengan, 
the causative of SING, from 
the singing noise of burn- 
ing hair.] 

SINGER (sing'er), n. One 
who or that which sings. 

SINGER (sin'jer), n. One 
who or that which singes. 

Singhalese (sing-ga-iez'), 

I. a. Of or pertaining to Singhalese. 

the Island of Ceylon. II. n. Native of Ceylon. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not. move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh.=ch in Scotch loch. 



SINGLE 



1007 



SIRE 



SINGLE (sing'gl), I. a. 1. One only; individual, 
separate. 2. Alone; unmarried not combined 
with others; unmixed. 3. Meant for one 
person only. 4. Straightforward; sincere. II. 
n. Baseball. Base-hit; hit enabling the bat- 
ter to make one base. [L. singulus.] 

SINGLE (sing'gl), v. [pr.p. SIN'GLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SINGLED (sing'gld).] I. vt. 1. Choose or 
pick out from among others. 2. Naut. Com- 
bine in one ; unite. II. v i. Baseball. Make a 
base-hit. 

SINGLE-HANDED (sing'gl-hand-ed), a. 1. Hav- 
ing only one hand. 2. Unassisted; alone. 

SINGLE-HEARTED (sing'gl-hart-ed), a. Hav- 
ing an honest heart; sincere. 

SINGLE-MINDED (sing'gl-mind-ed), a. Having 
an honest mind or heart. 

SINGLENESS (sing'gl-nes), «. 1. State of being 
single or alone. 2. Freedom from deceit. 

SINGLY(sing'gli), adv, 1. One by one. 2. 
Alone; only. 

SINGSONG (sing'sang), I. n. 1. Bad singing. 2. 
Drawling. II. a. Monotonous; without ex- 
pressive variation. 

SINGULAR (sing'gu-lar), I. a. 1. Alone. 2. 
Oram. Denoting one person or thing. 3. 
Standing alone; unique; rare; strange; odd. 
II. n. Gram. Singular number. [L. singularis.] 

SYN. Extraordinary; unusual; uncom- 
mon; peculiar; particular; quaint. ANT. 
Common; ordinary; regular; plural. 

SINGULARITY (sing-gu-lar'i-ti), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being singular. 2. Oddity; eccen- 
tricity. 

SINGULARLY (sing'gu-lar-li), adv. In a singu- 
lar manner. 

SINISTER (sin'is-ter), a. 1. On the left hand. 
2. Unfair; dishonest. 3. Inauspicious; evil. 
[L. sinister, left.] 

SINISTRAL (sin'is-tral), a. 1. Belonging or in- 
clining to the left; reversed. 2. Having both 
eyes on the left side. 

SINISTROUS (sin'is-trus), a. 1. On the left 
side. 2. Wrong; absurd; perverse. 

SINK (singk), v. [pr.p. SINK'ING; p.t. SANK 
(sangk) or SUNK (sungk) ; p.p. SUNK or SUNK- 
EN (sungk'n).] I. vi. 1. Fall to the bottom, 
down or below the surface; descend lower. 2. 
Enter deeply; be impressed. 3. Be over- 
whelmed; fail in strength. II. vt. 1. Cause to 
sink; put under water; suppress; cause to de- 
cline or fall; plunge into destruction. 2. Make 
by digging or delving. [A. S. sincan.] 

SINK (singk), n. 1. Drain to carry off dirty 
water. 2. Low resort; dive. 

SINKER Csingk'er), n. 1. Weight for a fishing- 
line, net, or seine. 2. Doughnut. (Slang.) 

SINKING-FUND (singk'ing-fund), n. Fund set 
aside by a borrowing nation or company for 
the gradual extinction of the debt. 

SINLESS (sin'les), a. Without sin; innocent; 
pure; perfect. 

filNLESSLY (sin'les-li), adv. In a sinless manner. 



SINLESSNESS (sin'les-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being sinless. 
SINNER (sin'er), n. 1. One who sins. 2. Un- 

regenerate person. 
SINOPLE (sin'o-pl), n. Clay containing iron, 

used as a pigment. [O. Fr. — L. sinopis — Gr. 

sinopis, red earth; from Sinope, port on the 

Black Sea.] 
SINTER (sin'ter), n. Rock precipitated in a 

crystalline form from mineral waters. [Ger.; 

from root of CINDER.] 
SINUATE (sin'u-at), a. Bending in and out* 

[L. sinuatus, p.p. of sinuo, curve, bend.] 
SINUATION (sin-u-a'shun), n. Winding or 

convolution. 
SINUOSITY (sin-u-os'i-ti), n. [pi. SINUOS'I- 

TIES.] 1. Quality or state of being sinuous. 2. 

Wavy line; bend; curve. 
SINUOUS (sin'u-us), SINUOSE (sin'u-6s), a. 

Bending in and out; winding; undulating. [L. 

Sinuosus.] 
SINUOUSLY (sin'u-us-li), adv. In a sinuous 

manner; so as to be sinuous. 
SINUS (si'nus), n. 1. Bend; fold. 2. Bay of the 

sea; recess in the shore. 3. Anat. Cavity 

wider in the interior than at the entrance. 4. 

Med. Cavity containing pus. [L. sinus, bend- 
ing, curve.] 
SIP (sip), v. [pr.p. SIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

SIPPED (sipt).] I. vt. 1. Drink a small quan- 
tity of; drink in very small drafts. 2. Suck up; 

as, the bee sips honey from the flowers. II. 

vi. Drink a small quantity. [From the root of 

SUP.] 
SIP (sip), n. 1. Act of sipping. 3. Very small 

draft taken with the lips. 
SIPE (sip), vi. [pr.p. SI'PING; p.t, and p.p. 

SIPED (sipt).] Ooze; trickle. [Var. of SEEP.] 
SIPHON (si'fun), n. 1. Bent tube for draw- 
ing liquids from one vessel 

into another. 2. Tubular 

organ, as in mollusks. 3. 

Siphon-bottle. [Gr. siphon.] 
SIPHON-BOTTLE (si'fun- 

bot-1), n. Bottle for holding 

aerated water, with a glass 

tube inside reaching nearly {H* Siphons. 

to the bottom, through which gas forces out 

the liquid when a valve is pressed. 
SIPPET (sip'et), n. Small sop; small piece of 

bread, toasted or fried. 
SIR (ser), n. 1. Title of respect used in address- 
ing a man. 2. [S-] Title of an English knight 

or baronet. [O. Fr. sire — L. senior, elder.] 
SIRDAR (ser-dar'), n. Commander-in-chief; as, 

the sirdar of Egypt ; chieftain ; leader. [Hind.] 
SIRE (sir), n. 1. Title of address used to a lord 

or king. 2. Father. 3. Male parent of a 

beast, especially of a horse. 4. [pi.] Ancestors. 

[See SIR.] 
SIRE (sir), vt. [pr.p. SIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SIRED (sird).] Procreate; beget; now said 

only of animals, and especially of stallions. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u io Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SIREN 



1008 



SIZZLE 




SIREN (si'ren), I. n. 1. One of certain fabulous 
nymphs who enticed mari- 
ners to destruction by sweet 
music. 2. Enticing woman. 
3. 3Iammal of order Sirenia 
with fish-formed body and 
tail. 4. Fog-horn. 5. Acous- 
tical intrument. II. a. Per- 
taining to or like a siren; 
[Gr. seiren.] 

SlRIUS (sir'i-us), n. Dogstar. 
[Gr. seirios, scorching.] 

SIRLOIN (ser'loin), w. Loin 
of beef. [Fr. surlonge — sur 9 
above, and longe, loin.] Siren. 

SIROCCO (si-rok'o), n. Hot, oppressive wind 
from the south-east, in S. Italy and adjoining 
parts. [It. sirocco — Ar. shorug.] 

SIRRAH (sir'a), n. Sir, used in anger or con- 
tempt. [Modified form of SIR.] 

SIRUP, SYRUP (sir'up or ser'up, the more usual 
prounuciation), n. 1. Solution of sugar and 
water, simple, flavored or medicated. 2. Juice 
of fruit, etc., boiled with sugar. [Fr. sirop- — 
Ar. sharub, sirup. See SHERBET.] 

SIS (sis), n. Familiar address for a girl, especially 
a young girl. (Colloq.) 

SISAL (si'sal), n. Prepared fiber of the American 
aloe. [From Sisal, a port in Yucatan.] 

SISKIN (sis'kin), n. Small finch resembling 
the green canary. [Dan. 
sisken — Sw. siska.] 

SISSY (sis'i), n. [pi. SIS'- 
SIES.] 1. Same as SIS. 2. 
Effeminate boy. (Colloq.) 

SISTER (sis' ter), n, 1. Fe- 
male born of the same par- 
ents. 2. Female closely 
allied to or associated with 
another. [A. S. stveostor.] 

SISTERHOOD (sister-hod), 
n. 1. State of being a 
sister; duty of a sister. 2. Society of females. 

SISTER-IN-LAW (sis'ter-in-Ia), n. Husband or 
wife's sister, or a brother's wife. 

SISTERLY (sis'ter-li), a. Like or becoming a 
sister; kind; affectionate. 

SIT (sit), v. [pr.p. SIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. SAT.] 
I. vt. 1. Keep a seat upon; as, he sits his 
horse well. 2. Reflexively, place on a seat; 
as, sit thee down. II. vi. 1. Rest on the 
haunches. 2. Perch, as birds. 3. Rest; 
remain. 4. Brood. 5. Occupy a seat, espe- 
cially officially; be officially engaged; hold a 
session. 6. Blow from a certain direction, as 
the wind. 7. Be suited to a person; fit. [A. 
S. sittan.] 

SITE (sit), n. Situation; location. [L. situs.] 

SlTKA (sit'ka), n. Capital of Alaska, on Baranof 

Island. 
SITTER (sit'er), n. 1. Person who sits, as for a 

portrait. 2. Fowl that sits or broods. 
SITTING (siting), n. 1. State of resting on a 




Siskin (Spinus 
spinus) . 



seat. 2. Seat. 3. Act or time of sitting. 4. 
Official meeting to transact business ; session. 
5. Uninterrupted application to anything for 
a time. 6. Brooding on eggs. 
SITUATE (sit'u-at), SITUATED (sit'u-a-ted), a. 

I. Permanently fixed. 2. Placed with re- 
spect to other objects; circumstanced. 3. 
Residing. [L. situs, site, situation.] 

SITUATION (sit-u-a'shun), n. 1. Place where 
anything is situated ; position. 2. Temporary 
state; condition. 3. Office; employment. 

SITZ-BATH (sits bath), n. 1. Bath in a sitting 
posture. 2. Tub or other vessel for bathing 
in a sitting attitude. [Ger. sitzen, sit, and E. 
BATH.] 

SlVA (se'va), n. See SHIVA. 

SIX (siks), a. and n. Five and one. [A. S.] 

SIXFOLD (siks'fold), a. Folded or multiplied 
six times. 

SIXPENCE (siks'pens), n. English silver coin= 
12 cents U. S. 

SIXTEEN (siks'ten), I. a. Amounting to six 
and ten. II. n. Sum of six and ten, or the 
symbol representing such sum. 

SIXTEEN310 (siks ten-mo), n. 1. Sheet that 
when folded makes sixteen leaves. 2. Book 
having sixteen leaves to the sheet. Usually 
written 16mo. 

SIXTEENTH (siks'tenth), I. a. 1. Next in or- 
der after the fifteenth; ordinal of sixteen. 2. 
Being one of sixteen equal parts. II. n. One 
of sixteen equal parts. 

SIXTH (siksth), I. o. 1. Last of six. 2. Ordinal 
of six. II. n. 1. Sixth part. 2. Music. In- 
terval of four tones and a semitone, or six 
intervals. 

SIXTIETH (siks'ti-eth), I. a. 1. Coming next 
after the fifty-ninth; ordinal of sixty. 2. Be- 
ing one of sixty equal parts. II. n. One of 
sixty equal parts. 

SIXTY (siks'ti), I. a. Six times ten; three score. 

II. n. Sum of six times ten. 

SIZE (siz), n. Extent of volume or surface; bulk; 
magnitude. [Contr. of ASSIZE.] 

SIZE (siz), vt. [pr.p. SI'ZING; p.t. and p.p. 
SIZED (sizd).] 1. Adjust or arrange accord- 
ing to size or bulk. 2. Mining. Sort or 
separate, as ore, taking the finer from the 
coarser parts of metal, by sifting. — Size up, 
form an opinion of ; estimate. 

SIZE (siz), n. Kind of weak glue, used as var- 
nish ; sizing ; gluey substance. [It. sisa.] 

SIZE (siz), vt. [pr.p. SI'ZING; p.t. and p.p. SIZED 
(sizd).] Cover or coat with size. 

SIZINESS(si'zi-nes),n. Quality orstate of being sizy. 

SIZING (si'zing), n. 1. Act or process of covering 
with size. 2. Size. 

SIZY (si'zi), o. Size-like; glutinous; viscous. 

SIZZ (siz), vi. [pr.p. SIZZING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SIZZED (sizd).] Hiss; sizzle. [From the sound.] 

SIZZLE (siz'l), vi. [pr.p. SIZ'ZLING; p.t. and p.p* 
SIZZLED (siz'ld).] Make a hissing sound from 
heat. [Freq. of SIZZ.] 



fate, fac, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SIZZLE 



1009 



SKID 



Sea passage 



SIZZLE (siz'l), n. Hissing sound. 

SkAGER RACK (skag'er rak). 
between Norway and Jutland. 

SKAT (skat), n. Popular German card game for 
three players. 

SKATE (skat), n. 1. Contrivance consisting of a 
frame shaped somewhat like the sole of a shoe, 
underneath which is fastened a metallic runner 
usually of steel, the whole being intended to be 
attached to the sole of the shoe by suitable 
clamps or straps, enabling the wearer to glide 
along over the ice. 2. Roller-skate. [Dut. 
schaats.] 

SKATE (skat) v. [pr.p. SKA'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
KA'TJED. Glide or move along on skates. 

SKATE (skat), n. Large flat fish of the genus 
Raia, differing from rays proper in having a 
long pointed snout. [Ice. skata.] 

SKATER (ska/ter), n. One who skates. 

SKATING (ska/ting), n. Art or exercise of gliding 
on skates. 

SKATING-RINK (ska'ting-ringk), n. Rink for 
skating. 

SKEAN (sken), n. Long knife or dagger formerly 
used as a weapon in Ireland and Scotland. 
[Gael, sgiatii knife.] 

SKEDADDLE (ske-dad'l), vi. [pr.p. SKEDAD'- 
DLING; p.t. and p.p. SKEDADDLED (ske-dad'- 
ld).] Run away in a panic; decamp; scamper. 
(Colloq.) 

SKEE (ske), n. and v. 
Same as SKI. 

SKEIN (skan), n. Knot or 
number of knots of 
thread or yarn. [O. Fr. 
escaigne.] 

SKELETON (skel'et-un), 
n. 1* Bony framework 
of a human being or 
other vertebrate sepa- 
rated from the flesh and 
preserved in natural po- 
sition. 2. Framework 
or outline of anything. 
[Gr. skeleton, dried body 
— skeletos, dried up — 
skello, dry up, parch.] 

SKELETON-KEY (skel- 
et-un-ke), n. Key for 
picking locks, without 
the inner bits. 

SKEPTIC (skep'tik), n. 1. 
One who is in doubt. 2. 
One who doubts the ex- 
istence of God or the 
truths of revelation; in- 
fidel ; unbeliever. [L. 
skeptomai, look about, 
consider.] 

SKE PTIC(skeptik), SKEP- 
TICAL (skep'tik-al), a. 
Hesitating to admit the truth or reality of some 
thing; doubting; characterized by skepticism. 




Skeleton. 



1. Cranium. 2. Clavicle- 3. 
Humerus. 4. Radius- 5. Ulna. 
6. Ribs. 7. Spinal column. 8. 
Pelvis. 9. Hand. 10. Femur. 
11. Tibia. 12. Fibula. 13. Foot. 



SKEPTICISM (skep'ti-sizm), n. 1. Doubt. 2. 
Doctrine that no facts can be certainly known. 
3. Doubt of the existence of God or the truth 
of revelation. 

SKETCH (skech), n. 1. First or rough draft of 
a plan or design; brief outline of events. 2. 
Short literary or dramatic composition; 
artist's preliminary study. 3. Short vaudeville 
performance. [Dut. schets — It. schizzo, rough 
draft — L. schedius, hastily done — Gr. schedios, 
sudden — schedon, near.] 

SYN. Delineation; draft; plan; design; 
outline; skeleton. 

SKETCH (skech), v. [pr.p. SKETCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SKETCHED (skecht).] I. vt. 1. Make a 
rough draft of. 2. Describe roughly; give the 
principal points of. II. vi. Practice sketching. 

SKETCH-BOOK (skech'bok), n. 1. Book used 
for sketching. 2. Book containing literary 
sketches. 

SKETCHILY (skech'i-li), adv. In a sketchy way. 

SKETCHINESS (skech'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sketchy. 

SKETCHY (skech'i), a. Containing a sketch or 
outline; incomplete. 

SKEW (sku), I. a. Oblique; not at right angles. 
II. adv. Awry ; obliquely. [Allied to SHUN.] 

SKEWER (sku'er), n. Pin of wood or iron for keep- 
ing meat in form while roasting. [Sw. skiffer, 
splint of wood.] 

SKEWER (sku'er), vt. [pr.p. SKEWERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SKEWERED (sku'erd).] 1. Fasten 
with a skewer or skewers. 2. Transfix as with 
a skewer. 

SKI (ske), n. [pi. SKIS (skez) or SKI (ske).] Nor- 
wegian snowshoe having a long, narrow wooden 
runner, curved upward and pointed in front, 
used for sliding over the snow or ice. [Dan.] 

SKI (ske), vi. [pr.p. SKI'ING; p.t. and p.p. SKIED 
(sked).] Run, jump, or slide on skis. 

SKIAGRAPH (ski'a-graf), n. 1. Same as SCIA- 
GRAPH. 2. X-ray picture; radiograph. [See 
SKIAGRAPHY.] 

SKIAGRAPHY (ski-ag'ra-fi), n. 1. Same as SCI- 
AGRAPHY. 2. Act or process of producing 
X-ray pictures. [Gr. skia, shadow, and graphia, 
writing.] 

SKIASCOPE (ski'a-sk6p), n. Instrument similar 
to the fluoroscope. [Gr. skia, shadow, and 
skopeo, see.] 

SKID (skid), n. 1. Piece of timber hung against 
a ship's side to protect it from injury. 2. Sli- 
ding wedge or drag to check the wheel of a wagon 
on a steep place. 3. Slab put below a gun to 
keep it off the ground. 4. Slanting timbers 
forming an inclined plane for loading and un- 
loading heavy articles. 5. Logs, commonly 
used in pairs, upon which logs are handled or 
piled in lumbering. [A. S. scid, piece split off.l 

SKID (skid), v. [pr.p. SKED'DEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SKH>'DED.] I. vt. 1. Place on a skid or skids. 
2. Support with skids. 3. Put a skid on; lock 
or brake. 4. Handle with skids, as iogs. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SKIFF 



1010 



SKULK 



II. vi. 1. Slide along without rotating; said of 
a wheel. 2. Slide sideways, as a speeding 
automobile on a quick turn in the road. 

SKIFF (skif), n. Small light row-boat. [Doublet 
of SHIP.] 

SKILL (skil), n. Practical knowledge; dexterity in 
practice. [Ice. skil, discernment — skilja, sep- 
arate.] 

SYN. Dexterity; adroitness; ability; apti- 
tude; capability; expertness. ANT. Awk- 
wardness; inaptitude; incompetence; ineffi- 
ciency. 

SKILLED (skild), c. Skillful; expert. - 

SKILLET (skil'et), n. Small metal vessel with a 
long handle, used for boiling water, stewing 
meat, etc. [O. Fr. escuellette — L. scutella, dish.] 

SKILLFUL (skil'fol), a. Having or displaying 
skill; dexterous. 

SKILLFULLY (skil'fol-i), adv. In a skillful man- 
ner. 

SKILLFULNESS (skil'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being skillful. 

SKIM (skim), v. [pr.p. SKIM'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
SKIMMED (skimd).] I. vt. 1. Clear of scum. 
2. Take off by skimming. 3. Lightly brush the 
surface of; glide along near a surface of. 4. 
Glance over superficially. II. vi. 1. Glide 
along in an even, smooth course. 2. Examine 
or consider anything in a superficial manner. 
[Doublet of SCUM.] 

SKIMMER (skim'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which skims. 2. Device for taking the scum 
from boiling liquids. 3. Utensil for skimming 
milk. 4. Bird commonly known as scissor- 
bill, which skims along the sea in search of food. 

SKIM-MILK (skim'milk), n. Milk from which the 
cream has been taken. 

SKIMP (skimp), v. [pr.p. SKLMP'ING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SKIMPED (skimpt).] I. vt. 1. Supply meagerly ; 
stint. 2. Perform in a careless • or slighting 
manner. II. vi. 1. Be parsimonious. 2. Slight 
one's work. [Ice. skemma, shorten.] 

SKI3IP (skimp), a. Scanty; insufficient ; niggardly . 

SKIN (skin), n. 1. Membranous outer covering 
of an animal body. 2. Hide or pelt. 3. Bark 
or rind of plants, hull of fruits, etc. [A. S. scinn.] 

SKIN (skin), v. [pr.p. SKINNING; p.t. and p.p. 
SKINNED (skind).] I. vt. 1. Cover with skin; 
cover the surface of. 2. Strip the skin from; 
peel. 3. Cheat; strip. II. vi. Be covered with 
a skin. 

SKIN-DEEP (skin'dep), a. As deep as the skin 
only; superficial. 

SKINFLINT (skin 'flint), n. Very niggardly 
person. 

SKIN-GRAFTING (skin'graft-ing), n. Surg. 
Operation of transplanting a portion of skin 
to a denuded surface. 

SKINK (skingk), n. Small burrowing lizard 
(Scincus officinalis), from six to eight inches 
long, with wedge-shaped head, and four short 
limbs. Found in North Africa and Syria. [Gr. 
8kinkos.) 



SKINNER (skin'er), n. One who or that which 
skins. 

SKINNINESS (skin'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being skinny. 

SKINNY (skin'i), a. Consisting mostly of skin, 
or of skin only; wanting flesh. 

SKIP (skip), v. [pr.p. SKIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
SKIPPED (skipt).] I. vi. 1. Leap; bound 
lightly and joyfully. 2. Pass over. II. vt. 1. 
Leap over. 2. Omit [Peril. — Ir. sgiob, snatch.] 

SKIP (skip), n. 1. Light or short leap; bound. 
2. Omission of a part. 

SKIPJACK (skip'jak), n. 1. Shallow; imperti- 
nent fellow. 2. Toy made of a wishbone. 3. 
Leaping fish. 4. Click-beetle. 5. Flat boat 
used on Florida coasts. 

SKIPPER (skip'er), n. 1. One who skips. 2. 
Any butterfly of jerky flight. 3. Cheese- 
maggot. 

SKIPPER (skip'er), n. Master of a merchant- 
ship. [Dut. schipper.] 

SKIPPING-ROPE (skip'ing-rop), n. Small rope 
used for exercise in skipping, the rope being 
swung under the feet and over the head. 

SKIRMISH (sker'mish), n. 1. Irregular fight, 
usually preliminary to a general battle. 2. 
Any slight contest. [Fr. escarmouche — It. 
schermire, fence, fight.] 

SKIRMISH (sker'mish), vi. [pr.p. SKIR'MISH- 
ING; p.U and p.p. SKIRMISHED (sker'- 
misht).] Engage in a skirmish. 

SKIRT (skert), w. 1. Part of a garment below 
the waist. 2. Petticoat. 3. Edge; border; 
margin. [Doublet of SHIRT.] 

SKIRT (skert), vt. [pr.p. SKIRTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SKIRTED.] 1. Cover with a skirt. 2. 
Border; form the edge of; move along the edge 
of. 

SKIRTING (skert'ing), n. 1. 31aterial for skirts. 
2. Skirts collectively. 

SKIRTING-BOARD ( skert ing-bord), n. Same 
as MOPBOARD. 

SKIT (skit), vi. [pr.p. SKIT'TING ; p.t. and p.p. 
SKIT'TED.] 1. Skip or caper about. 2. Leap 
aside; shy. [Sw. skuta, leap.] 

SKIT (skit), n. 1. Satirical literary article; 
lampoon. 2. Slight dramatic sketch. [Ice. 
skuti, taunt.] 

SKITTISH (skit'ish), a. 1. Unsteady; light- 
headed. 2. Easily frightened. [From SKIT, v.] 

SKITTLES (skit'lz), n.pl. Game in which 
wooden pins are knocked down with a wooden 
ball; ninepins; tenpins. [From root of SKIT- 
TISH.] 

SKOKIE (sko'ki), n. Miry land; swamp; marsh 
[Am. Ind.] 

SKOTOGRAPH (sko'to-graf), n. Effect pro- 
duced upon a photographic plate by certain 
substances in the dark. [Gr. skotos, darkness* 
and graphe, writing.] 

SKOTOGRAPHIC (sko-to-graf'ik), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or producing, a skotograph. 

SKULK (skulk), vi. [pr.p. SKULKING; p.t. and 



Kite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SKULL 



1011 



SLANTLY 




Bones of the Skull. 

I. Frontal. 2. Nasal. 3. Sphenoid. 4. 
Lachrymal. S. Zygoma. 6. Malar. 7. 
Sup. maxillary. 8. Inf. maxillary. 9. 
Pterygoid process. 10. Styloid process. 

II. Ex. auditory meatus. 12. Occipital. 
13. Mastoid process. 14. Lambdoid su- 
ture. IS. Temporal. 16. Squamous su- 
ture. 17. Parietal. 18. Inf. temporal 
ridge. 19. Sup. temporal ridge. 20. 
Sagittal suture. 21. Coronal suture. 



p.p. SKULKED (skulkt).] 1. Sneak out of the 

way. 2. Lurk. [Dan. skulke, sneak.] 
SKULL (skul), n. Bony case that incloses the 

brain ; cranium ; 

bones in the head. 

[Dan. skdl, shell.] 
SKULLCAP (skul'- 

kap), n. Cap ^ 

which fits the 

head closely. 
SKUNK (skungk), 

n. Small North 

American car- 
nivorous quadru- 
ped allied to the 

weasel, which de- 
fends itself by 

emitting a most 

offensive fluid. 

[Am. Indian se- 

ganku.] 
SKY (ski), n. [pi. 

SKIES.] 1. Apparent canopy over our heads; 

firmament; heavens. 2. Weather conditions. 

[Ice. sky, cloud.] 
SKY-BLUE (ski'blo), n. Azure. 
SKYLARK (ski'lark), n. Species of lark that 

mounts high and sings 

on the wing. 
SKYLARKING (skl'lark- 

ing), n. 1. Running 

about the rigging of a 

ship in sport. 2. Frolick- 
ing. 
SKYLIGHT (ski'lit), n. 

Window in a roof, ceiling „ , , 

or ship's deck. Sk y lark - 

SKY-ROCKET (ski'rok-et), n. Rocket 

ascends high and burns as it flies. 
SKYSAIL (ski'sal), n. Naut. Square sail set 

above the royal. 
SKY-SCRAPER (ski'skra-per), n. 1. Skysail of 

a triangular shape. 2. Very high building. 
SKYWARD (ski'ward), adv. Toward the sky. 
SKYWAY (ski'wa), n. 1. Way through the sky, 

as for aeroplanes. 2. Speed sufficient to 

lift a flying machine clear of the ground 

and give it headway in the air. (Recent.) 
SLAB (slab), n. 1. Thin piece of stone, having 

plane surfaces. . 2. Outer piece sawed from a 

log. [Dan. sleip, slippery.] 
SLABBER (slab'er), v. [pr.p. SLAB'BERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SLABBERED (slab'erd).] I. vi. 

Slaver; drivel; drool. II. vt. Eat hastily; soil 

with saliva. [O. Dut. slabben.] 
SLABBER (slab'er), n. Moisture running from 

the mouth; saliva. 
SLABBERER (slab'er-er), n. One who slab- 
bers. 
SLACK (slak), I. a. 1. Lax or loose ; not firmly 

extended or drawn out. 2. Not holding fast; 

weak; not eager or diligent; inattentive. 3. 

Not violent or rapid; slow. II. n. 1. Part of 




that 



rope, etc., hanging loose. 2. Slack period. 
[A. S. slcec.] 

SLACK (slak), SLACKEN (slak'n), v. [pr.p. 
SLACKING, SLACKENING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLACKED (slakt), SLACKENED (slak'nd).] I. 
vi. 1. Become loose or less tight. 2. Be 
remiss. 3. Abate; become slower; fail or flag. 
II. vt. 1. Make less tight; loosen; relax. 2. 
Remit. 3. Abate. 4. Withhold; use less 
liberally; check. 5. Slake, as lime. 

SLACK (slak), n. Coal-dust or screenings. [Ger. 
schlackc] 

SLACKLY (slak'li), adv. In a slack manner. 

SLACKNESS (slak'nes), n Quality or state of 
being slack. 

SLAG (slag), n. 1. Vitrified cinders from smelt- 
ing works, etc.; dross. 2. Scoriae of a volcano. 
[L. Ger. slagge.] 

SLAIN (slan), v. Past participle of SLAY. 

SLAKE (slak), v. [pr.p. SLA'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLAKED (slakt).] I. vt. 1. Quench. 2. Dis- 
integrate by rinsing with water ; slack. II. vi. 
Become disintegrated or extinct. [Form of 
SLACK.] 

SLAM (slam), v. [pr.p. SLAM'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLAMMED (slamd).] I. vt. Close sud- 
denly with noise or force. II. vi. Close or 
strike against something suddenly and noisily. 
[Norw. slemba, bang.] 

SLAM (slam), n. 1. Act of slamming. 2. Sound 
made by slamming. 

SLANDER (slan'der), n. False and malicious 
report; defamation; calumny. [O. Fr. esclan- 
dre.] 

SLANDER (slan'der), vt. [pr.p. SLAN'DERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SLANDERED (slan'derd).] Utter 
slander concerning; defame. 

SYN. Malign; vilify; asperse; defame; 
disparage; traduce; libel. ANT. Eulogize; 
praise; glorify. 

SLANDERER (slan'der-er), n. One who slanders 
another; calumniator; defamer. 

SLANDEROUS (slan'der-us), a. 1. Given to or 
containing slander. 2. Calumnious. 

SLANDEROUSLY (slan'der-us-li), adv. In a 
slanderous manner. 

SLANG (slang), n. Low or inelegant, unauthor- 
ized language. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SLANGY (slang'i), a. 1. Of the nature of slang. 
2. Given to the use of slang. 

SLANT (slant), v. [pr.p. SLANT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLANT'ED.] I. vt. Cause to have a slo- 
ping direction; incline; slope; lean. II. vi. 
Rest slantingly or obliquely; slope; incline. 
[Sw. slinta, slide.] 

SLANT (slant), I. a. Sloping; oblique; inclined 
from a direct line. II. n. 1. Slope. 2. In- 
clination; tendency. 

SLANTINGLY (slant'ing-li), adv. In a slanting 
manner; obliquely. 

SLANTLY (slant'li), SLANTWISE (slant'wiz), 
adv. In a sloping, oblique, or inclined manner; 
slantingly. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=i* in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SLAP 



1012 



SLEDGE 




Slate under the 
Microscope. 



SLAP (slap), vt. [pr.p. SLAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLAPPED (slapt).] Strike with the open hand, 

or with something broad. [L. Ger. slapp.] 
SLAP (slap), I. n. Blow with the open hand or 

anything flat. II. adv. With a slap ; suddenly ; 

violently. 
SLAPDASH (slapdash), adv. 1. In a bold, care- 
less way. 2. With a slap ; all at once. 
SLAPJACK (slapjak), n. Kind of pancake. 
SLASH (slash), v. [pr.p. SLASHING; p.t. and 

p.p. SLASHED (slasht).] I. vt. 1. Cut by 

striking with violence and at random. 2. 

Make long cuts in; slit. II. vi. Strike about 

violently with a knife or other sharp instru- 
ment. [From root of SLICE.] 
SLASH (slash), n. 1. Long cut; slit; gash. 2. 

Cut in cloth to show colors through. 
SLAT (slat), n. Thin, narrow strip, as of wood. 

[O. Fr. esclat, splinter.] 
SLATE (slat), n. 1. Well-known stone which splits 

into thin plates. 2. Piece 

of slate for roofing or for 

writing on. 3. List of 

political candidates pre- 
pared for nomination by 

party managers. [O. Fr. 

esclat — O. Ger. skleizan, 

split.] 
SLATE (slat), vt. [pr.p. 

SLA'TLXG; p.t. and p.p. 

SLA'TED.] 1. Cover with 

slate, as a roof. 2. Designate for nomination 

to office. 
SLATE-PENCIL (slat'pen-sil), n. Pencil of soft 

slate, for writing on slates. 
SLATING (slating), n. 1. Act of covering with 

slates. 2. Covering of slates. 3. Materials for 

slating. 
SLATTERN (slat'ern), n. Woman negligent of 

her dress ; untidy woman. 
SLATTERNLY (slat'ern-li), I. a. Untidy; slov- 
enly. II. adv. In a slovenly manner. 
SLATY (sla'ti), a. Resembling slate ; having the 

nature or properties of slate. 
SLAUGHTER (slater), n. Slaying; killing; 

great destruction of life; butchery; havoc. 

[A. S. sleaht.] 

SYN. Massacre; murder; carnage. ANT. 

Ransom; deliverance; quarter. 
SLAUGHTER (slater), vt. [pr.p. SLAUGH'TEK- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLAUGHTERED 

(sla'terd).] 1. Slay; 

kill for the market. 

2. Destroy in large 

numbers ; massacre. 
SLAUGHTERER 

(sla'ter-er), n. One 

who slaughters; 

butcher. 
SLAUGHTERHOUSE 

(sla'ter-hows), n. 




Slaughtering Tools. 



House where beasts 
slaughtered or killed for the market. 



SLAV (slav), n. One of a primary division of 
the Aryan race inhabiting eastern Europe, 
including Russians, Poles, Lithuanians, and 
Slavonians. [O. Bulg. Slovieninu, a Slav.] 

SLAVE (slav), n. 1. Captive in servitude; one 
in bondage; serf. 2. One who labors like a 
slave; drudge. 3. One wholly under the will 
of another. [Fr. esclave — Ger. sklave — Slav, 
Slavonian, one of Slavonic race captured and 
made a bondman by the Germans.] 

SLAVE (slav), vi. [pr.p. SLAVING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLAVED (slavd).] Work like a slave; drudge. 

SLAVER (sla'ver),n. Ship employed in the slave- 
trade; person who deals in slaves. 

SLAVER (slav'er), v. [pr.p. SLAVERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SLAVERED (slav'erd).] I. vi. Let 
the saliva run out from the mouth. II. vi. Wet 
with saliva. [Ice. slafra.] 

SLAVER (slav'er), n. Saliva driveling from the 
mouth. 

SLAVERY (sla'ver-i), n. 1. State of being a 
slave. 2. Institution of holding slaves. 

SLAVIC (slav'ik), a. and n. Same as SLAVONIC. 

SLAVISH (sla'vish), a. Befitting or character- 
istic of a slave ; servile ; laborious ; mean ; base. 

SLAVONIA (sla-vo'ni-a), n. Ancient kingdom 
of central Europe; now part of Croatia and 
Slavonian provinces, Austria. 

SLAVONIAN (sla-vo'ni-an), I. a. Same as 
SLAVONIC. II. n. 1. Na- 
tive of Slavonia. 2. Slav. 

Slavonic (sia-vonik), i. 

a. Of or belonging to the 
Slavs, or their language. 
II. n. Slav, or Slav lan- 
guage. 

SLAW (sla), n. Sliced cab- 
bage, used as a salad. 
[Dut. slaa — Fr. salade.] 

SLAY (sla), vt. [pr.p. SLAY'- 
ING; p.t. SLEW (slo); p.p. 
SLAIN (slan).] Put to Slavonian. 

death; kill. 

SYN. Murder; slaughter; butcher; mas- 
sacre. 

SLAYER (sla'er), n. One who slays. 

SLEAZY (sle'zi), a. Wanting firmness of texture ; 
thin; flimsy. [Ger. schleissig, threadbare.] 

SLED (sled), SLEDGE (slej), n. Vehicle on 
runners, for sliding upon snow; sleigh. [L. 
Ger. sleden — A. S. slidan, slide.] 





Sled and Reindeer. 

SLEDGE (slej), n. Large heavy hammer used 
chiefly by blacksmiths. [A. S. slecg — sledn, 
strike.] 



fats, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SLEEK 



1013 



SLIDING 



1. Smooth; glossy. 2. Soft; 
adv. Neatly. [Ice. sllkr, 



SLEEK (slek), I. o, 
not rough. II. 
smooth.] 

SLEEK (slek), v. [pr.p. SLEEKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLEEKED (slekt).] I. vt. 1. Make smooth 
or sleek. 2. Palliate ; mollify. II. vi. Make 
one's self trim or sleek; as, to sleek up. 

SLEEKLY (slek'li), adv. In a sleek or smooth 
manner. 

SLEEKNESS (slek'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sleek. 

SLEEP (slep), vi. [pr.p. SLEEP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLEPT (slept).] 1. Slumber. 2. Kest; be 
motionless or inactive. 3. Remain unnoticed. 
4. Live thoughtlessly. 5. Be dead; rest in the 
grave. [A. S. slcepan.] 

SLEEP (slep), n. 1. Temporary suspension of 
the active powers of mind and body; cessation 
of the automatic activity of the brain. 2. 
Hypnosis. 3. Bot. The folding of leaves or 
the closing of flowers during the night. 4. 
Torpor or death. 

SLEEPER (slep'er), n. 1. One who sleeps. 2. 
Sleeping-car. 

SLEEPER (slep'er), n. Horizontal timber sup- 
porting a weight, rails, etc. [Norw. sleip, 
slippery, smooth.] 

SLEEPILY (slep'i-li), adv. In a sleepy manner. 

SLEEPINESS (slep'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sleepy. 

SLEEPING (slep'ing), a. 1. Reposing in sleep. 2. 
Given to sleep. 3. Designed for sleeping in. 4. 
Tending to produce sleep. 

SLEEPING-CAR (slep'ing-kar), n. Railroad- 
car arranged with berths for passengers dur- 
ing night travel. 

SLEEPLESS (slep'les), a. 1. Without sleep; 
wakeful. 2. Never resting. 

SLEEPLESSLY (slep'les-li), adv. In a sleepless 
manner. 

SLEEPLESSNESS (slep'les-nes), ». Quality or 
state of being sleepless. 

SLEEP-WALKER (slep'wak-er), n. One who 
walks while asleep; somnambulist. 

SLEEP-WALKING (slep'wak-ing), n. Som- 
nambulism. 

SLEEPY (slep'i), a. [comp. SLEEP'EER; superl. 
SLEEP'DSST.] Inclined to sleep; drowsy; dull. 

SLEET (slet), n. Rain mingled with snow or 
hail. [L. Ger. side, grain of hail, Ger. schlose.] 

SLEET (slet), vi. [pr.p. SLEET'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLEET'ED.] Shower down snow or hail 
intermixed with rain. 

SLEETY (slet'i), a. 1. Of the nature of sleet. 
2. Inclined to sleet. 

SLEEVE (slev), n. 1. Part of a garment which 
covers the arm. 2. Tube that fits over another 
tube. [A. S. slefe — slupan, slip.] 

SLEEVE (slev), vt. [pr.p. SLEEVING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLEEVED (slevd).] Furnish with sleeves. 

SLEIGH (sla), n. Light vehicle mounted on 
runners, for use on snow or ice. [Same as 
SLED.] 



SLEIGH-BELL (sla'bel), n. Small bell, usually 
attached to the harness of a horse drawing a 
sleigh. 

SLEIGHING (sla'ing), n. 1. Act of riding in a 
sleigh. 2. State of the snow which permits of 
the running of sleighs. 

SLEIGHT (slit), n. 1. Cunning; dexterity. 2. 
Artful trick. — Sleight of hand, legerdemain. 
[Ice. slcegth, cunning.] 

SLENDER (slen'der), a. 1. Thin; narrow; slim. 
2. Feeble; inconsiderable; slight; spare; fru- 
gal. [O. Dut. slinder.) 

SLENDERLY (slen'der-li), adv. 1. Slightly; 
feebly. 2. Sparingly; meanly. 

SLENDERNESS (slen'der-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being slender. 

SLEPT (slept), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of SLEEP. 

SLEUTH (sluth), n. 1. Track of man or beast 
as known by the scent. 2. Hence, a success- 
ful detective. [Ice. sloth, trail.] 

SLEUTH-HOUND (sluth 'ho wnd), r,. 1. Dog that 
tracks game by the scent; bloodhound. 2. 
Detective. 

SLEW (slo), n. Narrow, shallow creek; slough. 

SLEW (slo), v. Past tense of SLAY. 

SLICE (slis), n. 1. Broad thin piece of anything 
cut off. 2. Broad thin knife; slicer. [O. Fr. 
esclice, sliver.] 

SLICE (slis), vt. [pr.p. SLI'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLICED (slist).] Cut into thin pieces or slices. 

SLICER (sli'ser), n. One who or that which 
slices, specifically, a device for cutting pota- 
toes, smoked-beef, etc., into thin slices. 

SLICK (slik), I. a. 1. Sleek; smooth. 2. Done in a 
dexterous manner. 3. Obsequious. II. adv. 
Dexterously; effectually. [Var. of SLEEK.] 

SLICK (slik), vt. [pr.p. SLICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLICKED (slikt).] Make slick or sleek. 

SLID (slid), v. Past tense and past participle of 
SLIDE. 

SLIDDEN (slid'n), v. Past participle of SLIDEc 

SLIDE (slid), v. [pr.p. SLIDING; p.t. SLED (slid) ; 
p.p. SLID or SLIDDEN (slid'n).] I. vt. Cause 
to glide or slip along; slip. n. vi. 1. Slip or 
glide. 2. Pass along or away; as, let the world 
slide. [A. S. slidan.] 

SLIDE (slid), n. 1. Act of sliding. 2. Something 
that slides; as, a magic lantern slide. 3. 
Smooth surface for sliding on. 4. Avalanche. 
5. Music. Two notes sliding into each other. 

SLIDER (sli'der), n. One who or that which 
slides. 

SLIDE-RULE (slid'rol), n. 
RULE. 

SLIDE-VALVE (slid'valv), 
n. Flat-faced valve al- 
ternately opening and 
closing the ports in front 
of and behind the piston- 
head, in a steam-chest. 

SLIDING (sli'ding), a. 
slide. 



Same as SLIDING- 




Slide- valve. 
Made or fitted so as to 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, 'burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SLIDING-RULE 



1014 



SLOBBERER 



SLIDING-RULE (sli'ding-rol), n. Rule having 
two graduated parts, one of which slips upon 
the other. 

SLIDING-SCALE (sli'ding-skal), n. Scale of 
duties or wages varying according to the 
value or market prices. 

SLIGHT (slit), a. [comp. SLIGHT'ER; superl. 
SLIGHTEST.] 1. Weak; slender. 2. Of little 
value; trifling; small. 3. Not decided. [O. 
Dut. slicht, simple, slight.] 

SLIGHT (slit), vt. [pr.p. SLIGHTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLIGHT'ED.] 1. Treat with neglect; 
shirk; as, to slight one's work. 2. Treat 
with discourtesy or neglect; as, to slight one's 
friend. [O. Dut. slichten, make even or plain.] 

SLIGHT (slit), n. Act of disregard, disrespect, 
discourtesy, or neglect. 

SLIGHTINGLY ( slit 'ing-li), adv. In a slighting 
manner. 

SLIGHTLY (slit'li), adv. In a slight manner. 

SLIGHTNESS (slit'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being slight. 

SLILY (sli'li), adv. Same as SLYLY. 

SLIM (slim), a. [comp. SLIM'MER; superl. 
SLIM'MEST.] 1. Slender; thin. 2. Slight; 
poor; unsubstantial. [O. Dut. slim, awry.] 

SLIME (slim), n. Glutinous mud; viscous sub- 
stance. [A. S. slim.] 

SLIMINESS (sli'mi-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being slimy. 

SLI3INESS (slim'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being slim. 

SLIMY (sli'mi), a. 1. Consisting of or contain- 
ing slime. 2. Covered with slime. 3. Of the 
nature of slime. 4. Hot. 3Iucous. 

SLING (sling), vt. [pr.p. SLINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLUNG (slung).] 1. Throw with or from a 
sling; hurl; cast. 2. Hang so as to swing. 3. 
Move or swing by means of a rope. [A. S. 
slingan, turn in a circle.] 

SLING (sling), n. 1. Instrument consisting of 
a strap and two cords, for throwing stones or 




Spear Slings 

other missiles. 2. Piece of wood attached at 
the butt of a spear lengthening the arm of 
the thrower and serving as a lever with which 
the spear can be thrown 100 yards. 3. Throw. 
4. Hanging bandage for a wounded limb. 5. 



Rope with hooks, used in hoisting and lower- 
ing weights. 
SLING (sling), n. Drink of equal parts of spirit 

and water sweetened. (Colloq.) 
SLINGER (sling'er), n. One who slings; one 

skilled in using the sling. 
SLINK (slingk), vi. [pr.p. SLINK'EVG; p.t. and 

p.p. SLUNK (slungk).] Crawl away; sneak. 

[A. S. slinca?i.] 
SLIP (slip), v. [pr.p. SLIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLIPPED (slipt).] I. vi. 1. Slide ; glide along. 

2. Move out of place. 3. Escape. 4. Err; make 
a mistake. 5. Slink; move furtively. II. vt. 
1. Cause to slide. 2. Convey secretly. 3. 
Omit. 4. Throw off. 5. Let loose. 6. Escape 
from. 7. Part from the branch or stem; cut 
off for planting. [A. S. slfpan.] 

SLIP (slip), n. 1. Act of slipping. 2. That on or 
from which anything may slip. 3. Error; 
blunder. 4. Escape. 5. Twig. 6. Strip. 7. 
Leash. 8. Space for a vessel, between two 
wharves. 

SLIP-KNOT (slip'not), n. Knot which slips 
along the rope or line around which it is made. 

SLIPPER (slip'er), n. Low loose shoe easily 
slipped on. 

SLIPPERED (slip'erd), a. Wearing slippers. 

SLIPPERY (slip'er-i), a. 1. Smooth; not afford- 
ing firm footing or hold. 2. Apt to slip away. 

3. Unstable; uncertain; untrustworthy. 
SLIPPERY-ELM (slip-er-i-elm'), n. North 

American tree (Ulmus fulva); also its muci- 
laginous inner bark. 

SLIPSHOD (slip'shod), a. Wearing shoes down 
at the heel; slovenly; slatternly. 

SLIT (slit), vt. [pr.p. SLITTING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLIT.] 1. Cut lengthwise ; split. 2. Cut into 
strips. [A. S. slltan.] 

SLIT (slit), I. a. 1. Having a long narrow open- 
ing. 2. Cut into long pieces or split. II. n. 
Long narrow opening; slash; gash; cleft. 

SLITTER (slit'er), n. One who or that which 
slits. 

SLIVER (sliv'er), n. 1. Long, narrow, irregular 
strip torn off; splinter. 2. Strand of cotton, 
etc. [Dim. of Prov. E. slive, slice — A. S. 
slifan, cleave.] 

SLIVER (sliv'er), v. [pr.p. SLIV'ERING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLIVERED (sliv'erd).] I. vt. Cut into 
slivers; slit; slice. II. vi. Become slivered; 
split; splinter. 

SLOB (slob), n. Muddy land ; mud ; mire. [Gael. 
slaib, mud.] 

SLOB (slob), n. Slovenly person. (Slang.) [Prob- 
ably an abbr. of SLOBBERER.] 

SLOBBER (slob'er), n. Slabber; slaver; drivel. 
[Variant of SLABBER.] 

SLOBBER (slob'er), v. [pr.p. SLOB'BERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SLOBBERED (slob'erd).] I. vt. 
Drivel upon; slabber. II. vi. 1. Slaver; 
slabber; drivel. 2. Act foolishly; dote. 

SLOBBERER (slob'er-er), n. 1. One who slob- 
bers. 2. Slovenly person; slob. (Colloq.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, "burn, 
ii=u in Scotch yude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SLOE 



1015 



SLOW 




SLOE (slo), n. Small sour wild plum, the fruit of 
the blackthorn; the tree 
itself. [A. S. sld.] 

SLOGAN (slo'gan), n. 1. 
War-cry among the 
ancient Highlanders of 
Scotland. 2. Rallying 
cry of any kind. [Gael. 
sluagh-gairm, army- 
cry.] 

SLOOP (slop), n. Broad, 
one-masted fore-and- 
aft-rigged vessel. [Dut. Sloe (Prunus spinosa) . 
sloep.] 

SLOP (slop), n. 1. Water carelessly spilled; 
puddle. 2. Mean liquor or liquid food. 3. 
[pi.] Dirty water. [Etym. doubtful; probably 
from Gael, slaib, mud.] 

SLOP (slop), v. [pr.p. SLOPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLOPPED (slopt).] I. vt. 1. Spill liquid upon. 
2. Spill or cause to overflow. II. vi. Over- 
flow or be spilled. — Slop over, become too 
demonstrative. 

SLOP (slop), n. 1. Ready-made garment. 2. 
[pi.] Among seamen, the clothes and bedding 
of a sailor. [Ice. sloppr, gown.] 

SLOPE (slop), n. Oblique direction; declivity or 
acclivity. [Etym. doubtful; probably from 
Norw. slape, be inclined downwards.] 

SLOPE (slop), v. [pr.p. SLO'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLOPED (slopt).] I. vt. 1. Form with a 
slope. 2. Bend down. II. vi. 1. Descend 
in an oblique direction. 2. Run away; de- 
camp; bolt. (Slang.) 

SLOPPINE8S (slop'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sloppy. 

SLOPPY (slop'i), a. [comp. SLOPPIER; superl. 
SLOP'PIEST.] 1. Wet; muddy; plashy. 2. 
Slopped over; bespattered. 3. Executed in a 
slovenly manner. 

SLOP-SHOP (slop'shop), n. Shop where ready- 
made clothing is sold. 

SLOSH (slosh), v. [pr.p. SLOSHING; p.t. and p.p. 
SLOSHED (slosht).] I. vt. Cause to splash. H. 
vi. Splash. [Variant of SLUSH.] 

SLOT (slot), n. 1. Broad, flat, wooden bar; slat. 
2. Long, narrow opening; slit. [L. Ger. slot, lock.] 

SLOT (slot), n. Trail of a deer. [Ice. sloth. See 
SLEUTH.] 

SLOTH (sloth or sloth), n. 1. Laziness; sluggish- 
ness. 2. Slow-moving 
S. American quadruped 
which lives in trees. 
S. slcewth — slaw, slow, 

SLOTHFUL (sloth'fol 
sloth'fol), a. Given 
sloth ; inactive ; lazy. 

SLOTHFULLY (sloth'fol-i 
or sloth'fol-i), adv. In a 
slothful manner. 

SLOTHFULNESS (sloth'fol-nes), n. 
state of being slothful. 

SLOT-MACHINE (slot'ma-shen), n 




Sloth. 



Quality or 



Device for 



the automatic vending of small articles, weigh- 
ing, playing musical instruments, or exhibiting 
pictures, operated by dropping a coin into a slot. 

SLOTTING (slot'ing), n. Act or process of ma- 
king slots. 

SLOUCH (slowch), n. 1. A hanging down loose- 
ly; drooping attitude. 2. Clownish, ungainly 
gait. 3. Clown; useless fellow. [Ice. slokr.] 

SLOUCH (slowch), v. [pr.p. SLOUCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. SLOUCHED (slowcht).] I. vi. 1. 
Hang down. 2. Have a clownish look or gait. 
II. vt. Depress. 

SLOUCH-HAT (slowch'hat), n. Soft hat having 
a slouchy or drooping brim. 

SLOUCHILY ( slowch 'i-li), adv. In a slouchy 
manner. 

SLOUCHY (slowch'i), a. 1. Drooping; de- 
pressed. 2. Ungainly. 

SLOUGH (slow), ii. Place of deep mud or mire; 
quagmire; bog. — Slough of despond, in Bun- 
yan's "Pilgrim's Progress," a deep bog which 
Christian has to cross in order to get to the 
wicket gate, and in which Help comes to his 
aid, while Neighbor Pliable, who accompanied 
Christian as far as the slough, turns back. 
[A. S. sloh.] 

SLOUGH, SLEW, SLUE (slo), n. 1. Natural 
drainage stream. 2. Stream forming the out- 
let of a pond or small bayou. 

SLOUGH (sluf), n. 1. Cast-off skin of a serpent. 
2. Dead part which separates from a sore. [O. 
Ger. sluch; Ger. schlauch, cast-off skin of the 
serpent.] 

SLOUGH (sluf), v. [pr.p. SLOUGHING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLOUGHED (shift).] I. vi. Separate or 
come off from the sound part, as the dead part 
in mortification. II. vt. Cast off; shed; ex- 
uviate. 

SLOUGHY (slow'i), a. Full of sloughs; miry. 

SLOUGHY (sluf'i), a. Of the nature of or like 
slough. 

Slovak (sio-vako, i. a. of 

or pertaining to the Slovaks. 

II. n. One of the Slavic 

race dwelling in northern 

Hungary. 
SLOVEN (sluv'n), n. Person 

habitually careless of dress. 

[A. S. slupan, slip; L. Ger. 

sluf; Ger. schlumpe.] 
SLOVENLINESS (sluv'n-li- 

nes), n. Quality or state of 

being slovenly. 

I. a. Having the manners 

II. adv. In the manner of 




Slovak. 



SLOVENLY (sluv'n-li), 
or habits of a sloven. 
a sloven; untidily. 

SLOW (slo), a. [comp, 
EST.] 1. Not swift 



SLOWER; superl. SLOW'- 
2. Late ; behind in time. 



3. Not ready. 4. Not progressive. 5. Dull. 
[A. S. slaw, slow.] 

SYN. Sluggish; inactive; dilatory; deliber- 
ate; tardy; lingering; slack. ANT. Active; 
quick ; fast ; rapid ; ready ; prompt. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SLOW 



1016 



S31ACK 



SLOW (slo), v. [pr.p. SLOWING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLOWED (slod).] I. vt. Slacken in speed. II. 

vi. Become slow or slower; slacken speed; 

usually with up or down, 
SLOWLY (slo'li), adv. In a slow manner. 
SLOW-MATCH (slo'mach), n. Fuse that burns 

slowly. 
SLOWNESS (slo'nes), n. Quality or state of being 

slow. 
SLOWWORM (slo'wurm), n. Species of lizard 

without feet (Anguis fragilis) ; also called the 

blindworm. 
SLO YD, SLOID (sloid), n. Swedish system of ele- 
mentary manual training. [Sw. slojd, skill.] 
SLUDGE (sluj), n. Same as SLUSH. 
SLUE (slo), n. Same as SLOUGH, natural drain- 
age stream. 
SLUE (slo), v. [pr.p. SLUING; p.t. and p.p. SLUED 

(slod).] I. vt. Cause to turn or twist round or 

about. DI. vi. Turn or twist round. [Etym. 

doubtful.] 
SLUE (slo), n. Heap; lot. (Slang.) 
SLUG (slug), n. 1. Heavy, lazy fellow. 2. Snail 

without a shell ; fat larva. [From root of SLACK.] 
SLUG (slug), n. 1. Heavy, roundish piece of metal 

for firing from a gun. 2. Print. Strip of metal 

less than type height, for spacing matter, etc. 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
SLUG (slug), vt. [pr.p. SLUGGING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLUGGED (slugd).] 1. Load with slugs; as, to 

slug a gun. 2. Strike heavily, as with the fist 

or a heavy, blunt instrument. 
SLUGGARD (slug'ard), n. One habitually idle. 
SLUGGER (slug'er), n. One who or that which 

slugs; a pugilist; a hired assailant; a hard 

hitting batsman in baseball. 
SLUGGISH (slug'ish), a. 1. Habitually lazy; sloth- 
ful; having little motion. 2. Having little or no 

power to move. 

SYN. Inert; indolent; idle; slow. ANT. 

Rapid; fast; quick. 
SLUGGISHLY (slug'ish-li), adv. 

manner. 
SLUGGISHNESS (slug'ish-nes), 

state of being sluggish. 
SLUICE (slos), n. 1. Sli- 
ding gate for regulating 

the flow of water. 2, 

Stream which flows 

through it. 3. That 

through which anything 

flows; source of supply. 

[Dut. sluis — O. Fr. es- 

cluse — L. excludo, exclude.] 
SLUICE (slos), vt. [pr.p. 

SLUICING; p.t. and p.p. 

SLUICED (slost).] Flood 

by means of a sluice. 
SLUICE-GATE (sliis'gat), n. 
SLUM (slum), n. Low street 

[Etym. doubtful.] 
SLUM (slum), vi. [pr.p. SLUM'MING; p.t. and p&. 

SLUMMED (slumd).] Visit the slums of a city. 



In a sluggish 
». Quality or 




Sluice. 

Same as SLUICE, 1. 

or neighborhood. 



SLUMBER (slumber), vi. [pr.p. SLUMBERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SLUMBERED (slum'berd).] 1. 
Sleep lightly; sleep. 2. Be in the state of neg- 
ligence or inactivity. [A. S. slumerian.] 
SLUMBER (slum'ber), n. Light sleep; repose. 
SLUMBEROUS (slum'ber-us), a. 1. Causing or 

inducing sleep. 2. Inclined to sleep; drowsy. 
SLUMP (slump), vi. [pr.p. SLUMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLUMPED (slumpt).] Fall or sink sud- 
denly, as into water or mud. 
SLUMP (slump), w. 1. Act of slumping. 2. Sud- 
den fall of prices. 
SLUNG (slung), v. Past tense and past participle 

of SLING. 
SLUNG-SHOT (slung'shot), n. Slugging weapon 

consisting of a metal ball on a short strap. 
SLUNK (slungk), v. Past tense and past participle 

Of SLINK. 
SLUR (slur), vt. [pr.p. SLUR'REVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SLURRED (slurd).] 1. Soil; contaminate. 2. 
Disparage; asperse. 3. Pass over lightly; pro- 
nounce indistinctly. 4. Conceal. 5. Sing or 
play in a gliding manner. [L. Ger. sluren, drag.] 
SLUR (slur), n. 1. Slighting remark; stigma. 2. 
Music. Mark ("s_^ or /^-*\) showing that notes 
are to be sung to the same syllable or executed 
in a run-together manner, the opposite of 
staccato. 3. Print. Blurred impression. 
SLUSH (slush), n. 1. Liquid mud; melting snow. 
2. Lubricating grease. 3. Mixture of lime and 
white lead for painting the bright parts of ma- 
chinery. [Probably from Dut. slyk, dirt.] 
SLUSH (sluslO, vt. [pr.p. SLUSH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SLUSHED (slusht).] 1. Apply slush to. 2. 
Wash roughly. 3. Fill up, as the joints be- 
tween stones and bricks. 
SLUSH-FUND (slush'fund), n. 1. Originally, 
fund arising from the sale of slush or grease 
on a man-of-war. 2. Fund to be expended with- 
out accounting for it. 3. Money donated for 
corrupt political purposes. 
SLUSHY (slush'i), a. Consisting of or covered 

with slush. 
SLUT (slut), n. 1. Female dog. 2. Slovenly 

woman. [Dan. slutte.] 
SLUTTISH (slut'ish), a. Marked by want of tidi- 
ness; slovenly. 
SLY (sli), a. [comp. SLI'ER or SLY'ER; superl. 
SLl'EST or SLY 'EST.] Dexterous in doing with- 
out being observed; cunning; wily; secret; 
done with artful dexterity. [Ice. slcegr.] 
SLYLY, SLILY (sli'li), adv. In a sly manner. 
SLYNESS (sli'nes), n. Quality or state of being sly. 
SMACK (smak), n. 1. Taste; flavor; pleasing 
taste. 2. Small quantity. 3. Loud kiss; any 
similar sound. 4. Slap; smart blow. [A. S. 
smcec] 
SMACK (smak), v. [pr.p. SMACKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMACKED (smakt).] I. vt. 1. Give a sharp 
slap to. 2. Make a sharp noise with; as, to 
smack the lips. 3. Kiss with a sharp noise. 
II. vi. 1. Make a noise with the lips, as after 
tasting. 2. Have a taste or quality. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SMACK 



1017 



SMILE 



SMACK (smak), n. Small vessel used chiefly in 
the coasting and fishing trade. [Dut. smak,] 

SMALL (smal), a. [comp. SMALL'ER; superl. 
SMALL 'EST.] 1. Little in quantity or degree; 
minute. 2. Unimportant; of little worth or 
ability. 3. Gentle; fine; weak. 4. Narrow- 
minded ; mean ; selfish. 5. Marked by a small 
figure, as the hours after midnight. 6. Light; 
trifling, as talk. [A. S. snuel.] 

SMALL (smal), n. Small or narrow part; as, the 
small of the back. 

SMALL (smal), adv. In a mild manner; timidly; 
as, to sing or talk small. 

SMALL-ARMS (smal'armz), n.pl. Portable fire- 
arms, as rifles, pistols, etc. 

SMALL-CLOTHES (smal'klotftz), n. Knee 
breeches. 

SMALLISH (smal'ish), a. Rather small. 

SMALLNESS (snial'nes), w. Quality or state of 
being small. 

SMALLPOX (smal'poks), n. Contagious, feverish 
disease, characterized by eruptions on the skin. 
[SMALL and POX.] 

SMALT (smalt), n. Glass melted, tinged blue by 
cobalt, and pulverized when cold. [L. L. smal- 
tum — O. Ger. smalsjan, melt.] 

SMART (smart), vi. [pr.p. SMARTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMART'ED.] 1. Feel a lively pungent 
pain. 2. Cause a smart. 3. Bear a penalty; 
suffer. [A. S. smeortan.] 

SMART (smart), I. n. Quick, stinging pain in 
body or mind. II. a. 1. Causing a smart; prick- 
ing; severe; sharp; acute. 2. Vigorous; em- 
phatic. 3. Clever; witty. 4. Fashionable; 
showy ; as, a smart hat, the smart set. 

SMARTLY (smart'li), adv. In a smart manner. 

SMART-MONEY (smart'mun-i), n. Law. Ex- 
cessive or vindictive damages. 

SMARTNESS (smart'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being smart. 

SMARTWEED (smart'wed), n. Plant (Poly- 
gonum hydropiper), so called on account of its 
acrimony. 

SMASH (smash), v. [pr.p. SMASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMASHED (smasht).] I. vt. 1. Dash to 
pieces; shatter. 2. Crush. II. vi. Be shat- 
tered or crushed. [Prob. — Sw. dialect smaska, 
smack; Dan. smaske.] 

SMASH (smash), n. Act of smashing or state of 
being smashed. 

SMASHER (smash'er), n. One who or that which 
smashes. 

SMASH-UP (smash'up), n. Railroad collision; 
wreck. 

SMATTER (smat'er), vi. [pr.p. SMAT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SMATTERED (smat'erd).] 1. 
Talk superficially. 2. Have a superficial knowl- 
edge. [Sw. smattra, clatter.] 

SMATTER (smat'er), n. Same as SMATTERING. 

SMATTERER (smat'er-er), n. One who has only 
a superficial knowledge of any subject. 

SMATTERING (smat'er-ing), n. Slight superficial 
knowledge. 



SMEAR (smer), vt. [pr.p. SMEARING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMEARED (smerd).] Overspread with 
anything sticky or oily ; daub. [A. S. smerian.] 

SMEAR (smer), n. 1. Stain or spot made as if 
with some oily substance; blotch; daub. 2. 
Substance used for smearing. 

SMEAR-CASE (smer'kas), w. Preparation of dry 
curds with milk or cream. Called also cottage' 
cheese. [Dan. smeer-kaas — smeer, grease, and 
kaas, cheese.] 

SMELL (smel), v. [pr.p. SMELL'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SMELLED (smeld) or SMELT (smelt).] I. vi. 
1. Affect the olfactory nerves; have odor. 2. 
Use or have the sense of smell. II. vt. 1. Per- 
ceive by the nose; scent. 2. Detect as though 
by smell. [Allied to Dut. smeulen, smolder.] 

SMELL (smel), w. 1. Quality of bodies which 
affects the nose; odor; scent; perfume. 2. 
Sense which perceives this quality. 3. Hint; 
trace. 4. Act of smelling. 

SYN. Odor; aroma; perfume; fragrance; 
savor; scent; stench; stink. 

SMELLER (smel'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which smells or scents. 2. The nose; as, a 
a blow on the smeller. (Slang.) 3. [pi.] Vi- 
brissa of a cat. 

SMELLING-BOTTLE (smel'ing-bot-1), n. Bottle 
containing smelling salts, usually carbonate 
of ammonia, for relieving faintness. 

SMELT (smelt), n. Small food-fish. [A. S.] 

SMELT (smelt), vt. [pr.p. SMELT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMELTED.] Melt, as 
ore in order to separate 
the metal. [Dut. smelten; 
Ger. schmelzen.] 

SMELTER (smelt'er), n. 1. 
One who smelts ore. 2. 
Smeltery. 

SMELTERY (smelt'er-i), n. 
[pi. SMELT'ERIES.] Place 
where ores are smelted. 

SMELT'ING (smelt'ing), n. 
Operation of melting ores 
to obtain the metal. 

SMELTING -FURNACE 
(smelt'ing-fur-nas),n. Fur- 
nace in which ores are 
smelted. 

SMEW (smu), n. „ lowerpai , 5 Throat _ fi 

fishing-duck or diver (Mer- Fire brick lining. 7. Blast 

gusalbellus). tube; twyer. 

SMILAX (smi'laks), n. Delicate climbing plant 
(Asparagus asparagoides) , with evergreen 
leaves and greenish flowers. [Gr.] 

SMILE (smil), v. [pr.p. SMILING; p.t. and p.p. 
SMILED (smild).] I. vt. Express by or with a 
smile; as, to smile a welcome. II. vi. 1. Ex- 
press pleasure or amusement by a change of 
the countenance. 2. Look joyful. 3. Sneer. 
4. Show favor or approval. 5. Take a drink of 
liquor. (Slang.) [Sw. smila.] 

SMILE (smil), n. 1. Act of smiling. 2. Expres- 
sion of the features in smiling. 3. Favor. 




Smelting- furnace . 

1. Crucible; hearth. 2. 
Masonry. 3. Opening for 

Species of $*£»& 4 - Bosh «> 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in' Scotch aude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SMIRCH 



1018 



SMUT 



SMIRCH (smerch), vt. [pr.p. SMIRCHING; p.t. 

and p.p. SMIRCHED (smercht).] Besmear; 

dirty. [31. E. smeren, smear.] 
SMIRCH (smerch), n, 1. Act of smirching or 

state of being smirched. 2. Smutch or smear. 
SMIRK (smerk), vi. [pr.p. SMIRKING; p.t. and 

p.p. SMIRKED (smerkt).l Smile fatuously; 

look affectedly soft. [A. S. smercian.] 
SMIRK (smerk), n. Affected smile; simper. 
SMITE (smit), v. [pr.p. SMITING; p.t. SMOTE 

(smot); p.p. SMITTEN (smit'n).] I. vt. 1. 

Strike with the fist, hand, or weapon; kill; 

overthrow. 2. Affect with feeling; afflict. II. 

vi. Knock together; collide. [A. S. smitan.] 
SMITER (smi'ter), n. One who smites. 
SMITH (smith), n. 1. One who forges with the 

hammer; worker in metals. 2. One who 

makes anything. [A. S.] 
SMITHEREENS (smitfc-er-enz'), SMITHERS 

(smitft'erz), n.pl. Small pieces; bits. (Colloq.) 
SMITHERY (smith'er-i), n. [pi. SMITH'ERIES.] 

1. Workshop of a smith. 2. Work done by a 
smith. 

SMITHSONIAN ( smith-so 'ni-an), n. Institution 
at Washington, D. C, devoted principally to 
science, founded from funds bequeathed to the 
United States by James Smithson, English 
philanthropist, to be used for "the increase 
and diffusion of knowledge among men." 

SMITHY (smith i), n. [pi. SMITHIES.] Work- 
shop of a smith. 

SMITTEN (smit'n), v. Past participle of SMITE. 

SMOCK (smok), n. Woman's shift; chemise. 
[A. S. smoe — smeogan, snuggle, fit close.] 

SMOCK-FROCK (smok'frok), n. Loose shirt- 
like garment of coarse linen worn over the 
other clothes by field laborers. 

SMOKE (smok), n. 1. Volatile carbonaceous 
matter escaping from a burning substance. 

2. Something resembling smoke; vapor; 
fumes. 3. Act of smoking a pipe, cigar, etc. 
4. Cigar. (Colloq.) 5. Something light, tran- 
sient or unimportant ; as, it all ended in smoke. 
[A. S. smoca.] 

SMOKE (smok), v. [pr.p. SMOKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SMOKED (smokt).] I. vt. 1. Apply smoke 
to; dry, scent, or cure, etc., by smoke. 2. In- 
hale and exhale the smoke of; use in smoking. 

3. Try to expel by smoking. II. vi. 1. Emit 
smoke. 2. Exhale ; reek. 3. Draw into and 
expel from the mouth the smoke of burning 
tobacco, opium, etc., especially as a habit. 

SMOKE-HOUSE (smok'hows), n. 1. House for 
curing meats. 2. Room for unhairing hides. 
3. Tobacconist's shop. 

SMOKE-JACK (smok'jak), n. Device for turn- 
ing a roasting-spit by means of a wheel moved 
by the upward current in the smoke-stack. 

SMOKER (smo'ker), n. 1. One who smokes to- 
bacco. 2. Informal gathering of considerable 
size for smoking and talk, usually with some- 
thing to eat and drink. 3. One who dries by 
smoking. 4. Smoking chimney. 5. Smoking car. 



SMOKE-STACK (smok'stak), n. Chimney; pipe 
carrying off smoke. 

SMOKILI (smo'ki-li), adv. In a smoky manner. 

SMOKINESS (smo'ki-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being smoky. 

SMOKING (smo'king), I. a. 1. Emitting smoke. 
2. Used for smoking. 3. Used for smoking in ; 
as, a smoking-car. II. n. Act or practice of 
inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning 
tobacco, as from a cigar, pipe, etc. 

SMOKY (smo'ki), a. 1. Giving out smoke. 2. 
Like smoke. 3. Filled with smoke. 4. Tar- 
nished with smoke. 

SMOLDER (smolder), vi. [pr.p. SMOLDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SMOLDERED (smol'derd).] 1. 
Burn slowly, with little smoke and no flame. 
2. Exist in a suppressed state, as a thought, 
passion, or the like. Also written smoulder. 
[L. Ger. smblen, smolder.] 

SMOOTH (smiJft), a. 1. Having an even surface; 
not rough; evenly spread; glossy. 2. Gently 
flowing? easy; regular; unobstructed. 3. 
Bland; mild. [A. S. smothe.] 

SYN. Even; level; polished; sleek; oily; 
suave. ANT. Uneven; rough; unpolished. 

S3100TH (sraoth), v. [pr.p. SMOOTHING; p.t. 
and p.p. SMOOTHED (smotfcd).] I. vt. Make 
smooth. II. vi. Become smooth. 

SMOOTHING-IRON (smofft'ing-i-urn), n. Same 
as FLAT-IRON. 

SMOOTHLY (smotft'li), adv. In a smooth man- 
ner. 

SMOOTHNESS (smotft'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being smooth. 

SMOTE (smot), v. Past tense of SMITE. 

SMOTHER (smutfc'er), v. [pr.p. SMOTHERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SMOTHERED (smutft'erd).] I. 
vt. 1. Suffocate by excluding the air. 2. Con- 
ceal. 3. Stew in a closed dish, mostly with 
onions. II. vi. 1. Be suffocated or suppressed. 
2. Smolder. [A. S. smorian.] 

SMOTHER (smutft'er), n. 1. That which smoth- 
ers. 2. State of being smothered. 

SMOULDER (smolder), vi. [pr.p. SMOULDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SMOULDERED (smol'derd).] 
Same as SMOLDER. 

S31UDGE (smuj), n. 1. Suffocating smoke. 2. 
Smoldering fire to drive off mosquitoes. 3. 
Smutch ; stain. [From SMUTCH.] 

SMUDGE (smuj), vt. [pr.p. SMUDG'ING 
and p.p. SMUDGED (smujd).] 1. Suffoc 
with a smoldering fire. 2. Stain; smear 

S3IUG (smug), a. 1. Neat; prim; spruce. 
2. Affectedly smart. [L. Ger. smuk.] 

SMUGGLE (smug'l), vt. [pr.p. SMUGGLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SMUGGLED (smug'ld).] 1. Im- 
port or export without paying the legal duty. 
2. Convey secretly. [L. Ger. smuggeln.] 

SMUGGLER (smug'ler), n. One who smuggles. 

SMUGGLING (smug'ling), n. Act or practice of 
importing or exporting dutiable goods without 
payment of duties, in violation of law. 

S3IUT (smut), n. 1. Spot of dirt, soot, etc.; foul 



; p.u 

ocate 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfi, in Scotch loch. ' 



SMUT 



1019 



SNATCH 



matter, as soot. 2. Disease of corn by which 

the ear becomes a soot-like powder. 3. Ob- 
scene language. [From SMUTCH.] 
SMUT (smut), v. [pr.p. SMUTTING ; p.t. and p.p. 

SMUTTED.] I. vt. Soil with smut ; blacken. II. 

vi. 1. Gather smut. 2. Be turned into smut. 
SMUTCH (smuch), n. Stain or smudge. [Sw. 

smuts, dirt, smut.] 
SMUTCH (smuch), vt. [pr.p. SMUTCH'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. SMUTCHED (smucht).] Soil with 

dirt, smoke, or soot; smudge. 
SMUTTILY (smut'i-li), adv. In a smutty manner. 
SMUTTINESS (smut'i-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being smutty. 
SMUTTY (smut'i), a. 1. Soiled with smut. 2. 

Mildewed. 3. Obscene; filthy; ribald. 
SMYRNA (smer'na), n. Seaport of Asiatic 

Turkey, W. coast of Asia Minor. 
SNACK (snak), n. 1. Share. 2, Slight, hasty 

meal. [A form of SNATCH.] 
SNAFFLE (snaf 1), n. Bridle which crosses the 

nose and has a slender mouth-bit without 

branches. [Dut. snavel, nose of a beast, beak; 

Ger. schnabel.] 
SNAG (snag), n. 1. Sharp protuberance; short 

branch; projecting tooth. 2. Stump or tree in 

navigable water endangering ships. [Gael. 

and Ir. snaigh, prune.] 
SNAG-BOAT (snag'bot), n. Boat used in pulling 

snags out of a river. 
SNAGGED (snagd), a. 1. Full of snags; knotty. 

2. Obstructed or held fast by snags. 
SNAGGY (snag'i), a. Snagged; gnarled. 
SNAIL (snal), n. Slimy creeping mollusk, with 

or without a shell. [A. S. snosgl.] 

SNAKE (snak), n. Serpent. [A. S. snaca — snican, 
creep.] 

SNAKE (snak), v. [pr.p. SNA'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNAKED (snakt).] I. vt. 1. Drag or haul ; as, 
to snake a log along the ground by means of 
a chain fastened to one end. 2. Wind round 
spirally. II vi. Move with serpentine motion. 

SNAKE RlVER (snakriv'er). River dividing 
Idaho from Oregon and Washington. 

SNAKEROOT (snak'rot), w. Name of numerous 
plants having a root of a snake-like appear- 
ance, and regarded as a remedy for snake bites. 

SNAKY (sna'ki), a. Of, pertaining to, or like, 
a snake. 

SNAP (snap), v. [pr.p. SNAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNAPPED (snapt) or SNAPT (snapt).] I. vi. 1. 
Break short. 2. Shut with a sharp, quick 
sound; as, to snap a snuff-box. 3. Crack, or 
cause to explode with a cracking sound; as, 
to snap a whip, snap a cap, snap the fingers. 
4. Cause to spring back; twang. 5. Flip. 6. 
Seize suddenly; catch. 7. Take an instantane- 
ous photograph of; snapshot. II. vi. 1. Break 
suddenly. 2. Give out a sharp cracking sound. 

3. Bring the jaws suddenly together as if at- 
tempting to bite. [Ice. snapa.] 

SNAP (snap), n. 1. Act of snapping, or the noise 
made by it. 2. Small catch or lock. 3. Period 



of extreme weather. 4. Thin, brittle cake. 5. 
Vigor; dash. 6. Pleasant position. (Slang.) 7. 
Snapshot. 

SNAPDRAGON (snap'drag-un), n. 1. Garden 
flower, lion's mouth. 2. Play in which raisins 
are snatched from burning brandy. 

SNAP-LOCK (snap'lok), n. Lock with a spring- 
latch which fastens by snapping. 

SNAPPER (snap'er), n. 1. One who snaps. 2, 
End of a whip-lash. 3. Snapping turtle or 
beetle. 4. One of various fishes, as the red 
snapper (Lutianu aya), a rose-coiored food- 
fish of the Florida coast. 

SNAPPING-TURTLE (snap'ing-tur-tl), n. Large 
American turtle ( Chelydra serpentina), named 
from its habit of biting or snapping at every- 
thing that comes in its way when in captivity. 

SNAPPISH (snap'ish), a. 1. Inclined to snap; 
eager to bite. 2. Sharp in reply. 

SNAPPISHLY (snap'ish-li), adv. In a snappish 
manner. 

SNAPPISHNESS (snap'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being snappish. 

SNAPPY (snap'i), a. 1. Snappish; sharp. 2. 
Full of snap or vigor. 

SNAPSHOT (snap'shot), I. n. 1. Shot fired with- 
out taking deliberate aim. 2. Photog. Act of 
taking a picture instantaneously, or the pic- 
ture so taken. II. a. 1. Pertaining to, or taken 
by, a photographic snapshot. 2. Adapted for 
taking snapshots; as, a snapshot camera. 
3. Quickly executed; instantaneous. 

SNAPSHOT (snap'shot), v. [pr.p. SNAPSHOT- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. SNAPSHOTTED.] I. vt. 
Take a photographic snapshot of. II. vi. 
Take a snapshot or instantaneous photograph. 

SNARE (snar), n. 1. Running noose for catch- 
ing an animal. 2. Trap; that by which any 
one is entrapped. 3. Cord across lower end of 
a drum. [A. S. snear, cord.] 

SNARE (snar), v. [pr.p. SNARING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNARED (snard).] I. vt. Catch in or with a 
snare; bring into unexpected evil, perplexity, or 
danger; ensnare; entangle. II. vi. Use snares 
to catch, birds etc. 

SNARL (snarl), vi. [pr.p. SNARL'LNG ; p.t. and p.p. 
SNARLED (snarld).] 1. Growl as a surly dog. 
2. Speak in a surly manner. [Obs. E. SNAR 
— O. Dut. snarren, snarl.] 

SNARL (snarl), n. Growl ; quarrel. 

SNARL (snarl), v. [pr.p. SNARL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNARLED (snarld).] I. vt. 1. Entangle ; as, to 
snarl thread. 2. Confuse ; embarrass. II. vi. 
Get into a tangle. [Freq. of SNARE.] 

SNARL (snarl), n. Knot or tangle; hence, intri- 
cacy; entanglement. 

SNATCH (snach), v. [pr.p. SNATCH'LNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SNATCHED (snacht).] I. vt. 1. Seize 
quickly. 2. Seize and run away with. 3. Take 
unexpectedly and without ceremony; as, to 
snatch a kiss. II. vi. 1. Attempt to seize any- 
thing suddenly; usually with at; as, to snatch 
at a purse. 2. Poach. [Dut. snakken, grasp.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SNATCH 



1020 



SNOBBISHLY 



SNATCH (snach), n. 1. Act of snatching. 2. 
Short, sudden fit of vigorous action. 3. Small 
fragment. 4. Hasty repast; snack. 5. Naut. 
Open lead for a rope. 

SNATCHY (snach'i), a. Consisting of snatches; 
fragmentary; broken. 

SNATH (snath), SNATHE (snaffc), n. Handle of a 
scythe. [A. S. snced — snidhan, cut.] 

SNEAK (snek), v. [pr.p. SNEAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNEAKED (snekt).] I. vt. 1. Do in an un- 
derhanded or clandestine manner; as, to sneak 
an objectionable bill through the Legislature. 
(Colloq.) 2. Carry off clandestinely; steal; 
pilfer. (Slang.) n. vi. 1. Creep or move 
furtively or meanly, as though afraid or ashamed 
to be seen. 2. Behave with meanness and 
servility ; crouch ; truckle. [A. S. snlcan, creep.] 

SNEAK (snek), n. 1. Mean, servile fellow. 2. 
Cricket. Ball bowled along the ground. 

SNEAK-BOAT (snek'bot), ». Small boat used by 
hunters for sneaking upon wild fowl. 

SNEAKING (snek'ing), a. Of the nature of a sneak. 

SNEAKINGLY (snek'ing-li), adv. In a sneaking 
manner. 

SNEAK-THIEF (snek'thef), n. [pi. SNEAK'- 
THIEVES], One who sneaks into a house 
to steal; opposed to HOUSEBREAKER or 
BURGLAR. 

SNEAKY (snek'i), a. [cotnp. SNEAK'DSR; superl. 
SNEAK'IEST.] Base and cowardly; sneaking. 

SNEER (sner), v. [pr.p. SNEER'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SNEERED (snerd).] I. vt. 1. 31ove or affect 
with sneers. 2. Utter in a sneering, contemp- 
tuous manner. II. vi. 1. Show contempt by 
the expression of the face. 2. Speak derisively. 
3. Scoff; gibe; jeer. [Dan. sncerre, snarl.] 

SNEER (sner), n. 1. Expression of contemptuous 
scorn, derision, or ridicule. 2. Scoff or gibe. 

SNEERER (sner'er), n. One who sneers. 

SNEERLNGLY (sner'ing-li), adv. In a sneering 
manner. 

SNEEZE (snez), vi. [pr.p. SNEEZ'ING; p.U and 
p.p. SNEEZED (snezd).] 
Eject air explosively and 
violently through nose 
and mouth. [A.S.fneosan.] 

SNEEZE (snez), n. Act of 
sneezing. 

SNEEZEWEED (snez'wed), 
n. Plant whose powdered 
leaves and flowers when 
snuffed up produce sneez- 
ing. 

SNICKER (snik'er), vi. [pr.p. 
SNICK'ERING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNICKERED (snik'- 
erd).] Laugh in a half- 
suppressed manner; giggle. 
[Imitative.] 

SNICKER (snik'er), n. Sup- 
pressed laugh. 

SNIDE (snid), I. a. Spurious; sham; false; imita- 




Sneezeweed (Hele- 
nium autumnale). 



tion. II. n. Spurious object; fake. (Slang.) 




SNIFF (snif), v. [pr.p. SNDTF'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SND7FED (snift).] I. vt. 1. Draw in with the 
breath through the nose. 2. Perceive by 
snufQng; scent. II. vi. Draw breath audibly 
through the nose; snuff. [Dan. snive.] 
SNIFF (snif), n. 1. Act of sniffing. 2. That 
which is sniffed. 

SND7FLE (snif'l), vi. [pr.p. SNIFFLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SND7FLED (snif'ld).] Snuffle. [Freq. of 
SND7F.] 

SNIGGLE (snig'l), n. Same as SNICKER. 

SNIP (snip), vt. [pr.p. SNDP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SND7PED (snipt).] 1. Cut off at one stroke with 
scissors. 2. Cut off the nib of. 3. Cut by 
making short, quick strokes ; as, to snip holes in 
with a pair of scissors. [Dut. snippen.} 

SNIP (snip), n. 1. Short, quick cut; as, a snip 
with the shears. 2. Small piece snipped off; 
shred; nip; clip. 3. 
Diminutive specimen. 

SNIPE (snip), n. Bird of 
the family Scolopaci- 
daz> which frequents 
marshy places, has a 
straight, long bill and 
barred tail-feathers. 
The commonest 
American snipe, 
called jacksnipe, is 
Gallinago wilsoni. 
[Ice. snlpa.] 

SNIPE-EEL (snip'el), n 
sea family Ne- 
michthyidce 
(thread-fish). The 
specimen shown 
in the accom- Snipe-eel (Avocettina gilli). 
panying cut is the only known individual of 
the species Avocettina gilli. 

SNIPING (sni'ping), 1. n. Desultory or irregular 
firing, as into a camp or force on the march 
by the enemy's sharp-shooters. II. a. Desultory 
or irregular. [From the practice of snipe- 
shooters.] 

SNIPPER (sniper), n. 1. One who snips. 2. [pi.] 
Scissors used for snipping. 

SNIPPET (snip'et), n. Small piece or share; frag- 
ment. 

SNIVEL (sniv'l), n. 1. Mucus flowing from the 
nose. 2. Hypocritical weeping. [A. S. snofl, 
mucus.] 

SNIVEL (sniv'l), vi. [pr.p. SNIVELING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNIVELED (sniv'ld).] 1. Run at the nose. 
2. Cry with snuffling ; affect a tearful regret. 

SNOB (snob), n. One who apes his superiors and 
is insolent towards his inferiors. [Ice. sn&pr, 
dunce.] 

SNOBBERY (snob'er-i), n. Same as SNOBBISH- 
NESS. 

SNOBBISH (snob'ish), o. Belonging to or char- 
acteristic of a snob. 

SNOBBISHLY (snob'ish-li), adv. In a snobbish 
manner. 



Snipe. 
An eel of the deep- 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. ' 



SNOBBISHNESS 



1021 



SNOWSLIDE 



SNOBBISHNESS (snob'ish-nes), «. Quality or 
state of being snobbish. 

SNOOD (snod), n. Fillet which binds a maiden's 
hair. [A. S. snod,] 

SNOOZE (snoz), vi. [pr.p. SNOOZING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNOOZED (sntfzd).] Doze; slumber. [From 
SNORE.] 

SNOOZE (snoz), n. Short sleep ; nap. 

SNOOZER (snoz'er), n. One who snoozes. 

SNOBE (snor), vi. [pr.p. SNOR'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SNORED (sndrd).] Breathe roughly and hoarse- 
ly through the nose and open mouth in sleep. 
[A. S. snorian; L. Ger. snoren, grumble.] 

SNORE (snor), ». Noisy nasal breathing in 
sleep. 

SNORT (snart), vi. [pr.p. SNORT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNORT'ED.] Force the air with violence 
and noise through the nostrils, as horses. [Dut. 
snorken.] 

SNORT (snart), n. Act of snorting, or sound pro- 
duced thereby. 

SNORTER (snart'er), n. 1. Person who or animal 
which snorts. 2. Anything of a roaring, bois- 
terous character. (Colloq). 3. Motor-car that 
emits a snorting noise. (Colloq.) 

SNOUT (snowt), n. Projecting nose of a beast, as 
of a swine. [L. Ger. snut. ] 

SNOW (sno), w. Frozen moisture which falls 



from the atmos- 
phere in light, 
white flakes. [A. 

S. Sn&W.] 



^fftii^ 




Snow Crystals. 

1 to 6. Thin plates. 7. Spherical nucleus 
studded with needle-shaped crystals. 8. 
Pyramid of six sides. 9. Prismatic crystals- 



SNOW (sn6), v. 
[pr.p. SNOW- 
ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SNOWED 
(snod).] I. vU 

1. Cover or ob- 
struct with 
snow. 2. Cause 
to fall like snow. 
II. vi. Fall In 
snow; used im- 
personally. 

SNOWBALL (sno'- 
bal)> n. 1. Round 
mass of snow pressed or rolled together. 

2. Guelder-rose. 3. Delicate steamed pud- 
ding, rolled in powdered sugar, and served with 
wine sauce. 

SNOWBALL (snd'bal), v. [pr.p. SNOWBALLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SNOWBALLED (sno 'bald).] I. vt. 
Pelt with snowballs. H. vi. Throw snow- 
balls. 

SNOWBIRD (snd'berd), n. SmaU bird that ap- 
pears in the time of snow. 

SNOW-BLINDNESS (sno'blind-nes), n. Blindness 
caused by the reflection of light from snow. 

SNOW-BOUND (sno'bownd), a. Shut in or blocked 
by snow. 

SNOW-BUNTING (sno 'bun-ting), n. Arctic bird of 
the bunting family (Plectrophenax nivalis), vis- 
iting more southerly latitudes in the winter. 




Snowdrop. 



SNOWDRIFT (sno'drift), n. Bank of snow drifted 
together by wind. 

SNOWDROP (sno'drop), n. Bulb- 
ous-rooted low herb of tbe ge- 
nus Galanthus, embracing four 
species, natives of central and 
southern Europe, or more nar- 
rowly of the species Galanthus 
nivalis, with beautiful white, 
drooping, bell-shaped flowers, 
which often come forth before 
the snow has disappeared. 

SNOWFALL (sno'fal), n. 1. Fall of snow. 2. 
Amount of snow that falls during a given time 
or during a snowstorm. 

SNOW-FED (sno'fed), a. Formed or increased 
by melted snow; used of a stream. 

SNOW-FIELD (sno'feld), n. Stretch of snow. 

SNOWFLAKE (sno'flak), n. Small feathery mass 
of falling snow. 2. A kind of snowbird Plectro- 
phenax nivalis, also called snow-bunting. 3. 
European wild flower, sometimes cultivated, 
of the genus Leucoium, distinguished as spring 
snowflake and summer snowflake. 4. A 
pattern sometimes used in weaving woolen 
cloth. 

SNOW-GOOSE (sno'- 
gtfs), n. Wild goose 
found in the upper 
regions of North 
America, of the ge- 
nus Chen, including 
the species Chen 
hyperborea; some- 
times called the 
white brant. 

SNOWL (snowl),w. 
GANSER. 

SNOW-LINE (sno'lin), n. Line upon a mountain 
that marks the limit of perpetual snow. 

SNOW-ON-THE-MOUNTAEV (sno'on-ffie-mown- 
tin), n. Bot. Species of 
spurge of Western U. S. 

SNOWPLOW (sno'plow), n. 
Machine for clearing snow 
from roads and railroads, 
either hauled by horses or 
driven by locomotives. 

SNOW-SCRAPER (snoscra- 
per), n. Small snowplow 
of planks and cross piece 
in form of letter A. 

SNOW-SHED (sno'shed), n. 
Timber structure protecting 
a railway from snowslides 
in exposed situations. 

SNOWSHOE (sno'sho), n. 

Broad frame worn on the Snow-on-the-moun- 
foot to prevent sinking in tain (Euphorbia mar- 
the snow. ginata). 

SNOWSLIDE (sno'slid), SNOWSLIP (sno 'slip), n. 
Large mass of snow which slips down the side 
of a mountain. 




Snow-goose (Chen hyper- 
borea nivalis) . 

Same as HOODED MER- 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SNOWSTORM 



1022 



SOBRIQUET 



SNOWSTORM (sno'starm), n. Storm, with a 
heavy, drifting fall of snow. 

SNOW-WATER (sno'wa-ter), n. Water produced 
by the melting of snow. 

SNOWY (sno'i), a. 1. Abounding or covered with 
snow. 2. White like snow ; pure ; spotless. 

SNUB (snub), vt. [pr.p. SNUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNUBBED (snubd).] Check; reprimand; slight; 
bring to a sudden stop; check suddenly, as in 
snubbing-Une, snubbing -post. [Ice. snubba.] 

SNUB (snub), ft. 1. Intentional slight. 2. Snag. 
3. Snub-nose. 

SNUBBY (snub'i), a. Somewhat short and flat 
and slightly turned up at the tip; as, a snubby 
nose. 

SNUB-NOSE (snub'noz), n. Short nose, flat at the 
bridge, and slightly turned up at the tip. 

SNUB-NOSED (snub'nbzd), o. Having a snub- 
nose. 

SNUFF (snuf), v. [pr.p. SNUFF'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
SNUFFED (snuft).] I. vt. 1. Draw Into the 
nose; smell. 2. Take off the snuff of; as, to 
snuff a candle. II. vi. 1. Draw in air violently 
and noisily through the nose. 2. Take sniffs; 
sniff. 3. Take snuff. [O. Dut. snuff en.] 

SNUFF (snuf), n. 1. Act of snuffing. 2. Smell; 
odor; scent. 3. Powdered preparation of to- 
bacco, to be inhaled through the nose or rubbed 
on the gums. 4. Part of a wick that has been 
charred by the flame. — Up to snuff, not easily 
taken in or imposed upon ; knowing ; sharp. 

SNUFFER (snuf'er), n. 1. One who snuffs. 3. 
[pi.] Instrument for taking the snuff off a 
candle. 

SNUFFLE (snuf'l), vi. [pr.p. SNUF'FLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SNUFFLED (snuf 'Id).] Breathe hard 
through the nose, or through the nose when 
obstructed. [Freq. of SNUFF.] 

SNUFFLE (snuf'l), n. 1. Snuffling; nasal twang; 
cant. 2. [pi.] Nasal catarrh. (Colloq.) 

SNUFFLING (snuf'ling), I. n. Act of one who 
snuffles. II. a. Canting; hypocritical. 

SNUFFY (snuf'i), a. 1. Resembling snuff in 
color or odor. 2. Soiled with snuff. 

SNUG (snug), a. [comp. SNUGGER; superl. 
SNUGGEST.] 1. Lying close and warm, or 
safe. 2. Comfortable; compact; trim. 3. Not 
exposed to notice. — Snug up> snuggle. [Ice. 
snoggr, smooth.] 

SNUG (snug), v. [pr.p. SNUG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
SNUGGED (snugd).] I. vt. Place snugly. II. 
vi. Lie close; snuggle. 

SNUGGLE (snug'l), v. [pr.p. SNUG'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. SNUGGLED (snug'ld).] I. vt. Nestle. 
II. vi. Cuddle. 

SNUGLY (snug'li), adv. In a snug manner. 

SNUGNESS (snug'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being snug. 

SNY (sni), n. Ship-building. The curving away 
sideways from the straight position of a ves- 
sel's planking or plating at the bow or stern. 
[Perhaps Ice. snua; Dan. and Sw. sno, turn.] 

SO (so), I. adv. 1. In this manner or degree; 



thus; for this reason; on these terms; there- 
fore, etc. 2. In a high degree. II. conj. 1. 
For this reason; therefore. 2. Provided that; 
in case that. III. inter j. That will do; stand 
still; stop; stay. [A. S. swd.] 

SOAK (sok), v. [pr.p. SOAKING? p.t. and p.p. 
SOAKED (sokt).] I. vt. 1. Steep In a fluid; 
wet thoroughly; drench. 2. Draw in by the 
pores. 3. Pawn. (Slang.) 4. Deal a blow to; 
hit. (Slang.) II. vi. 1. Be steeped in a liquid. 
2. Enter into pores. [A. S. socian.] 

SOAKAGE (sok'aj), n. 1. Act or state of soak- 
ing or being soaked. 2. Fluid Imbibed. 

SOAKER (sok'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
soaks. 2. Toper. 

SOAP (sop), n. Compound of oils or fat with 
soda or potash, used In washing. [A. S. sdpe.] 

SOAP (sop), vt. [pr.p. SOAP'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOAPED (sopt).] Rub or wash with soap; put 
soap on or in. 

SOAP-BUBBLE (sop'bub-l), n. Inflated filmy 
sphere of soapy, soft water. 

SOAPINESS (sop'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being soapy. 

SOAPSTONE (sop'ston), n. Soft kind of mag- 
nesian rock having a soapy feel, a variety of 
steatite; talc. 

SOAP-SUDS (sop'sudz), n. sing, and pi. Water 
impregnated with soap; suds. 

SOAPY (sop'i), c. 1. Like soap. 2. Impreg- 
nated or covered with soap. 

SOAR (sor), vi. [pr.p. SOARING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOARED (sord).] 1. Mount into the air; fly 
aloft. 2. Rise in imagination; aspire. [O. Fr. 
s'essorer — L. exaurare, expose to air.] 

SOAR (sor), n. Towering flight; ascent. 

SOB (sob), v. [pr.p. SOB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOBBED (sobd).] I. vi. Sigh in a convulsive 
manner, with tears. II. vt. 1. Utter with 
sobs. 2. Influence by sobs. [A. S. sobbian, 
form of seofian, lament, perhaps connected 
with O. H. Ger. sufton, Ger. seufsen, sob.] 

SOB (sob), n. Convulsive intake of breath caused 
by grief or other intense emotion. 

SOBER (so'ber), o. 1. Not drunk. 2. Temper- 
ate, especially in the use of liquors. 3. Not 
excited or passionate ; self-possessed. 4. Se- 
date ; grave. [L. sobrius.] 

SYN. Moderate; staid; steady; serious; 
calm; somber; quiet. ANT. Drunk; excited; 
intemperate. 

SOBER (so'ber), v. [pr.p. SO'BERING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOBERED (so'berd).] I. vt. Make sober. 
II. vi. Become sober. 

SOBERLY (so'ber-li), adv. In a sober manner. 

SOBERNESS (so'ber-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sober. 

SOBERSIDES (so'ber-sidz), n. Person of steady, 
sedate habits. 

SOBRIETY (so-bri'e-ti), n. State or habit of 
being sober. [L. sobrietas.] 

SOBRIQUET (so-bre-ka'), n. Nickname; as- 
sumed name; also spelled soubriquet. [Fr.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SOCIABILITY 



1023 



SOIL 



SOCIABILITY (so-sha-bil'i-ti), n. Quality of 
being sociable ; good-fellowship. 

SOCIABLE (so'sha-bl), I. a. 1. Inclined to 
society; fit for company; companionable; 
communicative. 2. Affording opportunities 
for intercourse. II. n. 1. Informal social 
meeting. 2. Phaeton with two seats facing 
each other. [L. sociabilis.] 

SOCIABLENESS (so'sha-bl-nes), n. Sociability. 

SOCIABLY (so'sha-bli), adv. In a sociable 
manner. 

SOCIAL (so'shal), I. a. 1. Pertaining to com- 
panionship. 2. Relating to men united in a 
society, or to the public body. 3. Inclined to 
friendly intercourse ; convivial. 4. Consisting 
in mutual converse. II. n. Sociable. [L. 
socialis — socius, companion.] 

SOCIALISM (so'shal-izm), n. Movement aim- 
ing to further the development of society by 
replacing with public ownership the private 
ownership of natural resources and socially 
created machinery of production, by securing 
more democratic control of government and 
of industry, and by substituting the principle 
of cooperation for that of competition, which, 
socialists maintain, is ceasing to exist in the 
process of industrial evolution. 

SOCIALIST (so'shal-ist), n. Adherent of social- 
ism. 

SOCIALIST (so'shal-ist), SOCIALISTIC (so'shal- 
is'tik), a. Pertaining to or of the nature of 
socialism. 

SOCIALITY (so-shi-al'i-ti), n. [pi. SOCIALI- 
TIES.] 1. Quality or state of being social; 
sociability. 2. Social custom or action. 

SOCIALIZE (so'shal-iz),vf. [pr.p. SOCIALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. SOCIALIZED (so'shal-Izd).] 1. 
Bender social. 2. Form or regulate according 
to the principles of socialism. 

SOCIALLY (so'shal-i), adv. In a social manner; 
sociably. 

SOCIALNESS (so'shal-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being social; sociality. 

SOCIETY (so-si'e-ti), n. [pi. SOCIETIES (so- 
si'e-tiz).] 1. Fellowship; company. 2. Num- 
ber of persons associated for a common in- 
terest. 3. Community ; partnership. 4. Civil- 
ized body of mankind. 5. Upper class of a 
community. [L. societas — socius, companion.] 

SOCIOLOGICAL (so-shi-o-lojik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to sociology. 

SOCIOLOGIST (so-shi-ol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in sociology. 

SOCIOLOGY (s6-shi-ol'o~ji), n. Science of hu- 
man society; study of the phenomena and 
laws of social structure and development. 
[L. socius, companion, and Gr. logos, science.] 

SOCK (sok), vt. [pr.p. SOCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOCKED (sokt).] 1. Hit with force. 2. Give a 
drubbing to. (Colloq.) 

SOCK (sok), n. Half-stocking. 2. Comedy, 
from the low-heeled light shoe, formerly 
worn by actors of comedy. [L. soccus.] 



SOCKDOLOGER (sok-dol'o-jer), n. 1. Knock- 
down argument or blow. 2. Big thing; some- 
thing immense. [Corrup. of DOXOLOGY, sung 
at the end of the service.] 

SOCKET (sok'et), n. Hollow into which some- 
thing is inserted. [From root of SOCK.] 

SoCRATIC (s6-krat'ik), SoCRATICAL (so- 
krat'ik-al), a. Pertaining to Socrates, a cele- 
brated Greek philosopher, to his philosophy 
or to his manner of teaching, which was by 
a series of questions leading to the desired 
result. 

SOD (sod), n. Surface of earth grown with grass, 
etc.; turf; sward. [L. Ger. sode, peat.] 

SOD (sod), vt. [pr.p. SOD'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOD'DED. ] Cover with sod. 

SODA (so 'da), n. 1. Sodium carbonate; sal soda; 
washing-soda. 2. Sodium bicarbonate; ba- 
king-soda, used in cooking and in the prepa- 
ration of effervescing drinks and powders. 
3. Sodium hydroxide; caustic-soda, used In 
making soap, wood-pulp for paper, etc. (It., 
fern, of sodo, contr. from solido, solid.] 

SODALITY (so-dal'i-ti), n. Fraternity or society. 
[L. sodalis, mate.] 

SODA-WATER (so'da-wa-ter), n. Effervescent 
drink consisting of water charged with car- 
bonic acid gas. 

SODDEN (sod'n), a. 1. Saturated; soaked. 8. 
Soggy ; doughy. 3. Bloated. [L. Ger. sod, well.] 

SODDY (sod'i), a. Covered with sod; turfy. 

SODIUM (so'di-um), n. Silver-white metal, the 
base of soda; natrium. 

SOFA (so'fa), n. Long upholstered seat, with 
back and arms. [Ar. suffa.] 

SOFFIT (sof'it), n. Under side of an arch, 
ceiling, etc. [It. soffitta — L. suffixus, fixed 
below.] 

SOFIA (so-fe'3.), n. Capital of Bulgaria. 

SOFT (s&ft), I. a. 1. Easily yielding to pressure; 
easily cut or acted upon; malleable 2. Not 
rough to the touch; smooth. 3. Pleasing or 
soothing to the senses. 4. Easily yielding to 
influence; mild; gentle; effeminate; easy. 5. 
Free from lime, magnesia or salt, as rain- 
water. 6. Not intoxicating. 7. Pronounced as 
a sibilant, as g in gin. II. adv. Gently ; quietly. 
[A. S. softe; cf. Ger. sacht and sanft.] 

SOFTEN (saf'n), v. [pr.p. SOF'TENING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOFTENED (saf'nd).] I. vt. Make soft 
or softer. II. vi. Become soft. 

SOFTLY (s^ft'li), adv. In a soft manner. 

SOFTNESS (saft'nes), ». Quality or state of 
being soft. 

SOGGINESS (sog'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being soggy. 

SOGGY (sog'i), a. Saturated; damp and heavy; 
soaked with water. [Formed from SOAK.] 

SOI-DISANT (swa-de-zang'), a. Self-styled; 
would-be; pretended. [Fr.] 

SOIL (soil), n. 1. Ground mold on the surface 
of the earth which nourishes plants. 2. Coun- 
try. [Fr. seuil — L. solum.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



SOIL 



1024 



SOLEN 



SOIL (soil), n. Dirt; foulness; spot; stain. [Fr. 
souille, wallowing-place — L. sus, pig.] 

SOIL (soil), v. [pr.p. SOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOILED (solid).] I. vt. Make dirty; stain; 
sully. II. vi. Take a soil or stain; become 
soiled. 

SOIREE (swa-ra'), n. Evening party. [Fr. — 
soir, evening — L. serus, late.] 

SOJOURN (so'jurn or sd-jurn')» vi. [pr.p. SO'- 
JOURNEVG; p.t. and p.p. SOJOURNED (sd'- 
jurnd) .] Dwell for a time ; tarry. [Fr. sojourner 
— L. sub, under, and diurno, stay.] 

SOJOURN (so'jurn), n. Act or state of sojourn- 
ing; stay. 

SOL (sol), n. The sun. [L.] 

SOL (sol), w. Fifth note of the diatonic scale. 
[It.] 

SOLACE (sol'as), n. Consolation; comfort in 
distress ; relief. [L. solatium.] 

SOLACE (sol'as), vt. [pr.p. SOL'ACING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOLACED (sol'ast).] Cheer in grief, 
trouble or calamity; comfort; console. 

SOLAR (so'lar), a. 1. Pertaining to the sun. 2. 
Measured by the progress of the sun. 3. Pro- 
duced by the sun. [L. Solaris.] 

SoLARIIDAE (so-la-ri'i-de), n.pl. Family of 
shell-fish embracing the 
genera Solarium, Torinia, 
and Omalaxis, of which 
latter the species exquisita 
has a pellucid, whitish mi- 
nute shell with three dis- 
continuous whorls in one 
plane. It is one of the 
most beautiful forms to 
which the sea has given 
life. 

SOLAR-PLEXUS (so-lar-pleks'us), n. Anat, 
Plexus at the upper part of the abdomen. It 
is the largest of the pre-vertebral centers. 

SOLAR-PRINT (so'lar-print), n. Picture printed 
from a relief plate made by photoengraving 
or photoetching ; phototype. 

SOLAR-SPECTRUM (so'lar-spek-trum), n. Spec- 
trum of the sun. See SPECTRUM. 

SOLAR-SYSTEM (so'lar-sis-tem), n. Sun and 
the various bodies that revolve about it, in- 
cluding planets, satellites, asteroids, comets, 
and meteorites. 

SOLD (sold), v. Past tense and past participle of 
SELL. 

SOLDER (sod'er or sol'der), n. 1. Fusible metal 
or alloy used to unite metallic edges or sur- 
faces. 2. That which unites or cements in any 
way. [O. Fr. souldure, a soldering — L. solido, 
make solid or firm.] 

SOLDER (sod'er or sol'der), vt. [pr.p. SOLD'- 
ERING or SOL'DERING; p.t. and p.p. SOLD- 
ERED (sod'erd or soi'derd).] Unite, as two 
metallic edges or surfaces, by a fusible metallic 
cement or solder. 

SOLDIER (sol'jer), n. 1. Man engaged in mili- 
tary service. 2. Private, as distinguished from 




One of the Solariidse 

(Omalaxis exquisita) . 



an officer. 3. Man of much military experi- 
ence or of great valor. [O. Fr. — L.L. soldarius, 
soldier — soldus, hire.] 

SOLDIER (sol'jer), vi. [pr.p. SOL'DDSRING; p.t. 
and p.p. SOLDIERED (sol'jerd).] 1. Serve as 
a soldier. 2. Pretend to work while actually 
shirking. 

SOLDIERLY (sol'jer-li), SOLDIERLIKE (sol'- 
jer-lik), adv. Like or becoming a soldier; 
martial; brave; honorable. 

SOLDIERSHIP (sol'jer-ship), rc. Military quali- 
ties, character, or state; martial skill. 

SOLDIERY (sol'jer-i), n. Soldiers collectively; 
military. 

SOLE (sol), n. 1. Under side of the foot. 3. Bot- 
tom of a boot 
or shoe. 3. Bot- 
tom of any- 
thing. 4. Flat 
kind of fish. 
[A. S.] 

SOLE (sol), vt. 
[pr.p.SO'LXNG; 
p.t. and p.p. 
SOLED (sold).] 

SOLE (sol), a. 1. 




Mottled Sole (Symphurus un- 
datus) 



Furnish with a sole. 
Being or acting without an- 
other. 2. Unmarried. [L. solus.] 

SYN. Alone; single; individual; only. 
ANT. Plural; collective; combined. 

SOLECISM (sol'e-sizm), n. 1. Breach of the 
rules of syntax. 2. Absurdity; impropriety. 
[Gr. soloikismos.] 

SOLECIST (sol'e-sist), n. One who commits 
solecisms. 

SOLELY (sol'li), adv. Alone; only; singly. 

SOLEMN (sol'em), o. 1. Attended with religious 
ceremonies, pomp or gravity; sacred. 2. Im- 
pressing with seriousness; awful; devout. 3. 
Having the appearance of gravity; affectedly 
grave. 4. Attended with an appeal to God, 
as an oath. [Fr. solennel — L. sollemnis, 
annual.] 

SYN. Ceremonious; dignified; impressive; 
formal; devotional; ceremonial; grave; 
serious; religious. ANT. Profane; secular; 
light; gay; informal. 

SOLEMNITY (so-lem'ni-ti), n. [pi. SOLEMNI- 
TIES (so-lem'ni-tiz).] 1. Solemn or religious 
ceremony; dignified formality. 2. Formal 
dignity; awe; seriousness. 

SOLEMNIZATION (sol-em-ni-za'shun), n. Act 
of solemnizing. 

SOLEMNIZE (sol'em-niz), vt. [pr.p. SOL'EMNI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. SOLEMNIZED (sol'em- 
nizd).j 1. Perform religiously or solemnly. 
2. Celebrate. 3. Render grave. 

SOLEMNLY (sol'em-li), adv. In a solemn man- 
ner. 

SOLEMNNESS (sol'em-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being solemn; solemnity. 

SOLEN (so'len), n. 1. Genus of mollusks; the 
razor-shells. 2. [s-] Bivalve of this genus; 
razor-shell. [L. — Gr. soUn, pipe.] 



fate, fat, task- far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te 3 not, move, wolf; mute s hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, t/ien, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SOLENESS 



1025 



SOLSTITIAL 



SOLENESS (sol'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
sole; singleness. 

SOLENITE (sol'e-nit), n. Fossil razor-shell. 

SOL-FA (sol-fa'), vi. [pr.p. SOL-FA'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOL-FAED (sol-fad').] Sing the notes of 
the scale, do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, ti, in solmiza- 
tion. [It.] 

SOLFEGGIO (sol-fej'6), n. [pi, SOLFEGGII 
(sol-fej'e).] Singing exercise on the notes of 
the scale sol-fa. [It.] 

SOLICIT (so-lis'it), v. [pr.p. SOLICITING; p.t. 
and p.p. SOLICITED.] I. vt. 1. Ask ear- 
nestly for; petition. 2. Seek; pleadfor. 3. In- 
cite; arouse. 4. Canvass for; as, to solicit 
subscriptions for a magazine, II. vi. Act as 
a solicitor. 

SYN. Entreat; beseech; summon; in- 
vite; advocate. ANT. Demand; require; 
exact. 

SOLICITANT (so-lis 'it-ant), n. One who solicits 
or petitions. 

SOLICITATION (so-lis-i-ta'shun), n. Act of 
soliciting; earnest request; invitation. 

SOLICITOR (so-lis'it-ur), n. 1. One who solicits ; 
petitioner; canvasser. 3. One who is legally 
qualified to act for another in a court of law; 
attorney. 

SOLICITOR-GENERAL (so-lis'it-ur-jen-er-al), 
n. 1. In England, the second law-officer of 
the crown. 3. In the U. S., the second officer 
of the Department of Justice. 

SOLICITOUS (so-lis'it-us), a. 1. Earnestly ask- 
ing or desiring. 3. Anxious; concerned; 
apprehensive. [L. sollicitus, agitated — sol- 
lus, whole, and cietus, moved.] 

SOLICITOUSLY (so-lis'it-us-li), adv. In a so- 
licitous manner. 

SOLICITUDE (so-lis'i-tud), n. Anxiety or un- 
easiness of mind. 

SOLID (solid), I. a. 1. Having the parts firmly 
adhering; hard; compact. 2. Full of matter; 
not hollow. 3. Strong. 4. Having length, 
breadth and thickness; opposed to SURFACE; 
cubic. 5. Substantial; weighty. II. n. 1. 
Substance having the parts firmly adhering 
together. 3. Firm, compact body; opposed 
to FLUID. [L. solidus.] 

SYN. Firm; dense; sound; valid; real; 
true; just; important; grave. ANT. Soft; 
frail; weak. 

SOLIDARITY (soi-i-dar'i-ti), n. Oneness of in- 
terests; community. [Fr. solidarity.] 

SOLIDIFICATION (so-lid-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Proc- 
ess or act of making solid. 

SOLIDIFY (so-lid'i-fi), v. [pr.p. SOLID'IFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. SOLIDIFIED (so-lid'i-fid).] I. vt. 
Make solid or compact; harden. II. vi. Be- 
come solid or compact. [Fr. solidifier — L. 
solidus, solid, and facio, make.] 

SOLIDITY (so-lid'i-ti), n. 1. State of being 
solid; fullness of matter. 2. Strength or 
firmness, moral or physical; soundness. 3. 
Geom. Solid content of a body; volume. 



SOLIDLY (sol'id-li), adv. 1. In a solid manner; 
firmly; densely. 2. In a solid body. 

SOLIDNESS (sol'id-nes), ». 1. Quality or state 
of being solid; solidity. 2, Soundness; va- 
lidity. 

SOLIDUNGULATE (sol-id-ung'gu-lat), n. Quad- 
ruped, such as the horse, the foot of which 
terminates in a single toe encased in a single 
undivided hoof. [L. solidus, solid, and un- 
gula, hoof.] 

SOLILOQUIZE (so-lil'o-kwiz), vi. [pr.p. SO- 
LILOQUIZING; p.t. and p.p. SOLILOQUIZED 
(so-lil'o-kwizd).] Speak to one's self; utter 
a soliloquy. 

SOLILOQUY (so-lil'o-kwi), w. Speech to one's 
self; monologue of a person. [L. solus, alone, 
and loquor, speak.] 

SOLIPED (sol'i-ped), w. Animal with a single 
or uncloven hoof on each foot; solidungulate. 
[L. solus, alone, and pes, foot.] 

SOLITAIRE (sol-i-tar'), n. 1. Recluse ; one who 
lives alone, 2. Game played by one person. 
3. Gem set by itself, as a diamond. 

SOLITARILY (sol'i-ta-ri-li), adv. In a solitary 
manner. 

SOLITARINESS (sol'i-ta-ri-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being solitary. 

SOLITARY (sol'i-ta-ri), I. a. 1. Being the only 
person; alone; lonely. 2. Living alone. 3. 
Remote from society; retired; gloomy. 4. 
Single; sole; as, a solitary instance. II. n. One 
who lives alone; recluse; hermit. [L. solitarius 
— solus, alone.] 

SOLITUDE (sol'i-tud), n. 1. State of being 
alone; lonely life; want of company. 2. Lonely 
place; desert. [L. solitudo.] 

SOLMIZATION (sol-mi-za'shun), n. Act of 
sol-faing; solfeggio; recital of the notes of 
the diatonic scale. [Fr.] 

SOLO (so'lo), n. [pi. SOLOS (so'loz), It. SOLI 
(so'le).] Musical piece written for or per- 
formed by only one voice or instrument. [It. 
solo, alone — L. solus.] 

SOLOIST (so'16-ist), n. Performer of solos. 

Solomon (soi'6-mun) Islands. Group in 

Pacific, East of New Guinea, mostly German. 
Area 10,000 sq. m. 

SOLOMON'S SONG (sol'6-munz sang). Ancient 
Hebrew love-poem of great earthly loveliness 
included among the canonical books of the 
Old Testament and frequently printed with 
symbolic interpretations. 

SOLON (so'lon), n. 1. Famous Athenian law- 
maker, B. C. 638. 2. A legislator. 

SOLSTICE (sol'stis), n. 1. Point in the ecliptic 
where the sun is farthest north or south from 
the equator, and seems to stand still. 2. Time 
about which the sun reaches either of these 
two points: June 31 and Dec. 33. [Fr. — L. 
solstitium — sol, the sun, and sisto, make to 
stand — sto, stand.] 

SOLSTITIAL (sol-stish'al), a. Pertaining to, or 
happening at, a solstice. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SOLUBILITY 



1026 



SONNET 



SOLUBILITY (sol-u-bili-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being soluble. 

SOLUBLE (sol'u-bl), a. Capable of being dis- 
solved in a fluid. [L. solubilis. See SOLVE.] 

SOLUTION (so-16'shun), n. 1. Act of solving 
or dissolving. 2. Separating of the parts of 
any body. 3. Preparation resulting from 
dissolving a solid in a liquid. 4. Explanation; 
removal of a doubt; construction or solving 
of a problem. [L. solutio — solvo, loosen.] 

SOLVABILITY (solv-a-bil'i-ti), n. 1. Capability 
of being solved. 

SOLVABLE (solv'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
solved or explained. 

SOLVE (solv), vt. [pr.p. SOLVING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOLVED (solvd).] 1. Clear up; explain; 
arrive at a correct and verifiable answer by 
process of reasoning. 2. Bring to a desired re- 
sult. [L. solvo — se-, apart, and luo, loosen.] 

SOLVENCY (sol'ven-si), n. Quality or state of 
being solvent. 

SOLVENT (sol'vent), I. a. 1. Having power to 
solve or dissolve. 2. Able to pay all debts. II. 
n. Anything that dissolves another. [L. solvens.] 

SOLVER (solv'er), n. One who or that which 
solves or explains. 

SoMALILAND (so-ma'le-land), n. Territory 
in E. Africa, Italian. 

SOMBER, SOMBRE (som'ber), a. 1. Dull; 
gloomy. 2. Melancholy. [Fr. sombre — L. 
sub, under, and umbra, shade.] 

SOMBERLY (som'ber-li), adv. Gloomily; des- 
pondingly; dismally. 

SOMBERNESS (somber-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being somber. 

SOMBRERO (som-bra/rd), n. Broad-brimmed 
felt hat, commonly worn in Mexico. [Sp.] 

SOME (sum), I. a. 1. Of an indefinite number 
or quantity. 2. A certain; one. II. pron. 
Certain unspecified persons or things. III. 
adv. To some extent; about. [A. S. sum. 
See SAME.] 

SOMEBODY (sum'bod-i), n. 1. Some or any 
person. 2. Person of importance. 

SOMEHOW (sum'how), adv. In some way or 
other; by some means. 

SOMERSAULT(sum'er-salt), SOMERSET (sum '- 
er-set)» n. Leap in which a person turns his 
heels over his head. [Fr. soubresaut — L. 
super, over, and saltus leap]. 

SOMETHING (sum'thing), I. ». 1. An indefinite 
thing or event. 2. Portion; indefinite quan- 
tity. II. adv. In some degree* 

SOMETIME (sum'tim), I. adv. 1. At a time 
not fixed, past or future. 2. At one time or 
other. II. a. Former. 

SOMETIMES (sum'timz), adv. At certain times; 
now and then; occasionally. 

SOMEWHAT (sum'hwot), I. n. Unfixed quan- 
tity or degree. II. adv. In some degree. 

S031EWHERE (sum'hwar), adv. In some un- 
specified place ; in one place or another. 

SOMNAMBULATE (som-nambu-lat), vi. [pr.p. 



SOMNAM'BULATING; p.t. and p.p. SOM- 
NAM'BULATED.] Walk in sleep. [L. somnus, 
sleep, and ambulo, walk.] 

SOMNAMBULATION (som-nam-bu-la'shun), «. 
Same as SOMNAMBULISM. 

SOMNAMBULE (som-nam'bul), n. Somnam- 
bulist; sleep-walker. 

SOMNAMBULISM (som-nam'bu-lizm), ». Act 
or habit of walking in sleep or somnolence. 

SOMNAMBULIST (som-nam'bu-list), n. One 
who has the habit of somnambulism. 

SOMNIFEROUS (som-nif'er-us), a. Bringing 
or causing sleep. [L. somnus, sleep, and fero, 
bring.] 

SOMNILOQUIST (som-nil'o-kwist), n. One who 
talks in his sleep. [L. somnus, sleep, and lo- 
quor, speak.] 

SOMNIUM (som'ni-um), n. [pi. SOM'NIA.J 
Dream. [L.] 

SOMNOFORM (som'no-farm), n. New anaes- 
thetic, consisting of chloride of ethyl sixty 
per cent, chloride of methyl thirty -five percent, 
and bromide of ethyl five per cent* IL. som- 
nus, sleep, and FORMYL.] 

SOMNOLENCE (som'no-lens), SOMNOLENCY 
(som'no-len-si), n. 1. Sleepiness; inclination 
to sleep. 2. State intermediate between 
waking and sleeping. [L. somnolentia — som- 
nus, sleep.] 

SOMNOLENT (som'no-lent), a. Inclined to 
sleep; drowsy; sleepy. [L. somnolentus.) 

SOMNOLISM (som'no-lizm), n. 1. State of being 
in mesmeric sleep. 2. Doctrine of mesmeric 
sleep. 

SOMNUS (som'nus), n. Bom. Myth. God of 
sleep; son of Nox. 

SON (sun), n. 1. Male offspring. 2. Male de- 
scendant. 3. Native or inhabitant. [A. S. stmt*.} 

SONANT (so'nant), I. a. 1. Sounding. 2. Pro- 
duced by the voice; vocal. II. n. Sonant 
letter. [L. sonans.] 

SONATA (so-na'ta)» n. Musical composition 
consisting of three or more movements. 
[It. — L. sono, sound.] 

SONG (sang), n. 1. That which is sung. 2. 
Short poem or ballad. 3. Melody to which 
it is adapted. 4. Poem, or poetry in general. 
5. Notes of birds. 6. Mere trifle. [A. S. 
sang — root of SING.] 

SONG-BIRD (sang berd), n. Bird that sings. 

SONGSTER (sang'ster), n. Singer; one skilled 
in singing; especially a bird that sings. [A. S* 
sangestre, female singer.] 

SONGSTRESS (sang'stres), n. Female singer. 

SON-IN-LAW (sun'in-la), n. Husband of one's 
daughter. 

SONNET (son'et), n. Poem in fourteen iambic 
pentameter lines, the first eight or octave 
having the rhyme order abbaabba, the last 
six or sestet cddcdc or other arrangement. 
The Shaksperean sonnet has four quatrains 
with alternate rhymes and a final couplet; 
the Meredithian, sixteen lines. [It. sonetto.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ti=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SONNETEER 



1027 



SORORITY 



SONNETEER (son-et-er'), n. Composer or 
writer of sonnets. 

SONOROUS (so-no'rus), a. 1. Sounding when 
struck. 2. Giving a clear, loud sound; high- 
sounding. [L. sonorus — sono, sound.] 

SONOROUSLY (so-no'rus-li), adv. In a so- 
norous manner; resonantly. 

SONOROUSNESS (so-no'rus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sonorous. 

SONSHIP(sun'ship),n. State or character of a son. 

SOON (son), adv. 1. Immediately; in a short 
time; without delay; early. 2. Readily; 
easily. [A. S. sdna.] 

SOOT (sot or sot), n. Black substance con- 
densed from smoke. [A. S. sot.] 

SOOTH (soth), I. n. Truth; reality. II. a. True; 
pleasing. [A. S. soth.] 

SOOTHE (soth), vt. [pr.p. SOOTH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOOTHED (sothd).] 1. Please with 
soft words ; flatter. 2. Soften ; assuage ; calm ; 
refresh. [A. S. gesothian, confirm, soothe.] 

SOOTHINGLY (sofJj/ing-li), adv. In a soothing 
manner. 

SOOTHSAYER (soth'sa-er), n. One who pre- 
dicts or foretells; diviner. 

SOOTHSAYING (soth'sa-ing), n. 1. Act of 
predicting. 2. A prediction. 

SOOTINESS (sot'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sooty. 

SOOTY (sot'i), a. [comp. SOOT'IER; superl. 
SOOT'IEST.] Producing, consisting of, con- 
taining, like, or soiled by, soot. [A. S. sotig.] 

SOP (sop), n. 1. Anything dipped or soaked, and 
to be eaten. 2. Anything given to satisfy. 
[A. S. supan, sip.] 

SOP (sop), v. [pr.p. SOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOPPED (sopt).] I. vt. Steep or dip in liquid. 
II. vi. Soak in. — Sop up, take up by ab- 
sorption. 

SOPHISM (sof'izm), n. Specious fallacy. 

SOPHIST (sof'ist), n. 1. One of a class of public 
teachers in the fifth century B.C., in Greece. 
2. Captious or fallacious reasoner. [Gr. 
sophistes — sophos, wise.] 

SOPHISTIC (so-fis'tik), SOPHISTICAL (so-fls'- 
tik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a sophist or to 
sophistry. 2. Fallaciously subtle. [Gr. so- 
phistikos.] 

SOPHISTICALLY (so-fls'tik-al-i), adv. In a 
sophistical manner. 

SOPHISTICALNESS (so-fis'tik-al-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being sophistical. 

SOPHISTICATE (so-fis'ti-kat), vt. [pr.p. SO- 
PHISTICATING; p.t. and p.p. SOPHISTI- 
CATED.] Render sophistical, or unsound; 
corrupt by mixture ; adulterate. 

SOPHISTICATION (so-fis-ti-ka'shun), n. 1. 
Fallacious reasoning. 2. Adulteration. 

SOPHISTICATOR (so-fls'ti-ka-tiir), n a One who 
sophisticates. 

SOPHISTRY (sof'ist-ri), n. [pi. SOPH'ISTRIES.] 
1. Sophistic influence. 2. Fallacious rea- 
soning. 



SOPHOMORE (sof'o-mor), n. American stu- 
dent in his second year at college. [Gr. sophos, 
wise, and moros, silly.] 

SOPHOMORIC (sof-o-mor'ik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or characteristic of, a sophomore. 

SOPOR fso'piir), n. Deep sleep; lethargy. [L.] 

SOPORIFEROUS (sd-piir-if'er-us), a. Causing 
sleep; sleepy. [L. sopor, sleep, and fero, 
bring.] 

SOPORIFIC (sd-pur-if'ik), I. a. Causing sleep. 
II. n. Anything that causes sleep. [Fr. so~ 
porifique.] 

SYN. Somniferous; narcotic; anodyne. 

SOPRANO (so-pra/no), n. [pi. SOPRA'NOS or 
SOPRANI (so-pra'ne).] 1. Highest kind of 
female or boy's voice; treble. 2. Soprano 
singer. 3. Voice-part for such a voice. [It. — 
L. supra, above.] 

SORCERER (sar'ser-er), n. One who practices 
sorcery; enchanter; magician. [Fr. sorrier — 
L.L. sortiarius — L. sors, lot.] 

SORCERESS (sar'ser-es), n. Female sorcerer; 
witch. 

SORCERY (sar'ser-i), n. [pi. SOR'CERIES.] 
Divination by the assistance of evil spirits; 
enchantment. 

SYN. Necromancy; magic; witchcraft; 
ANT. Disenchantment; exorcism. 

SORDID (sar'did), a. Vile; mean; avaricious. 
[L. sordidus, dirty.] 

SORDIDLY (sar'did-li), adv. In a sordid man- 
ner; meanly; basely. 

SORDIDNESS (sar'did-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sordid. 

SORE (sor), I. n. 1. Wound; ulcer; boil. 2. 
Grief ; affliction. II. a. 1. Wounded. 2. Ten- 
der; susceptible of pain; easily grieved. 3. 
Severe. III. adv. In a sore 
manner ; grievously. [A. S. 
sdr — Ger. sehr.] 

SOREHEAD (sor'hed), n. 1. 
Person whose head is sore. 
2. Person who has a griev- 
ance or is disgruntled. 

SORELY (sor'li), adv. In a 
sore manner; grievously. 

SORENESS (sor'nes), n. 
Quality or state of being 
sore. 

SORGHUM (sar'gum), n. 1. 
Chinese sugar-cane, an 
annual cane - like cereal, 
bearing a dense head of 
spikelets. 2. Syrup made 
from its juice. 

SORORICIDE (so-ror'i-sid), 
n. 1. Murder of a sister. 
2. Murderer of a sister. [L. 
soror, sister, and cwdo, 
kill.] 

SORORITY (so-ror'i-ti), n. 

Secret society of female students attached to 
the same school or college. [L. soror, sister.] 




Sorghum. 

1. Seed head of the Collier 
variety. 2. Seed head of 
the Colman variety. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
" u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SOROSIS 



1028 



SOUNDING 



SOROSIS (so-ro'sis), n. Woman's club; sister- 
hood. [L. L. — L. soror, sister.] 

SOROSIS (so-ro'sis) n. Compound pulpy fruit, 
as the pineapple. [Gr. sdros, heap.] 

SORREL (sor'el), n. Plant of a sour taste, allied 
to the clover. [Fr. surelle — Ger. saner; cf , A. S. 
sur, sour.] 

SORREL (sor'el), I. a. Reddish-brown. II. n. 
Reddish-brown color. [Fr. saure.] 

SORRENTO (sor-ren'to), n. Town, Italy, on 
Gulf of Naples. 

SORRILY (sor'i-li), adv. In a sorry or miserable 
manner. 

SORRINESS (sor'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sorry. 

SORROW (sor'6), n. Pain of mind; grief; af- 
fliction. [A. S. sorg, sorh, care.] 

SORROW (sor'6), vi. [pr.p. SORROWING; p.t. 
and p.p. SORROWED (sor'od).] Re affected 
with sorrow, grief, or sadness. 

SORROWFUL (sor'o-fol), a. Causing or ex- 
pressing sorrow. 

SYN. Distressing; grievous; doleful; re- 
gretful ; mourning ; dismal ; sad. ANT. Joy- 
ful; glad; merry; jolly. 

SORROWFULLY (sor'o-fol-i), adv. In a sor- 
rowful manner. 

SORROWFULNESS (sor'o-fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being sorrowful. 

SORRY (sor'i), a. 1. Grieved for something 
past. 2. Melancholy. 3. Poor; worthless. 
[A. S. sdrig — sdr, sore.] 

SORT (sart), n. 1. Class or order; kind. 2. 
3Ianner; degree. 3. Print. Any letter, figure, 
space, or quadrant belonging to the com- 
positor's case. — Out of sorts, not in one's 
usual health; out of order. [Fr. sorte — L. 
sortem, accus. of sors, lot, condition.] 

SORT (sart), v. [pr.p. SORT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SORTED.] I. vt. 1. Separate into kinds ; as- 
sort; arrange. 2. Select; cull. II. vi. 1. As- 
sociate; consort. 2. Re suitable; suit. 

SORTER (sart'er), n. One who sorts; as, a letter 
sorter. 

SORTIE (sar'te), n. Sally of troops from a be- 
sieged place to attack the besiegers. [Fr. 
sortir, go out.] 

SO-SO (so'so), a. Passable; indifferent; middling. 

SOT (sot), n. One stupefied by habitual drinking. 
[O. Dut. zot, fool.] 

SOTTISH (sot'ish), a. Given to excessive tip- 
pling; hence, stupid; drunken; senseless. 

SOTTISHLY (sot'ish-li), adv. In a sottish man- 
ner. 

SOTTISHNESS (sot'ish-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sottish. 

SOTTO VOCE (sot'to vo'cha). With a softened 
voice; in an undertone. [It.] 

SOU (so), n. French copper coin=one-twentieth 
of a franc, or about one cent. [Fr.] 

SOUBRETTE (so-bret), n. 1. Chambermaid or 
lady's maid, in comedy. 2. Actress who plays 
pert parts. [Fr. — O. Fr. soubret, sly.] 



SOUCHONG (so-shong'), n. Fine kind of black 
tea. 

SOUDAN, SUDAN (so-dan'), n. Vast region in 
central Africa. 

SOUFFLE (so'fl), n. Med. Murmuring or blowing 
sound. [Fr.] 

SOUFFLE (so-fla'), n. Dish made light with 
beaten white of egg, as a potato souffle. [Fr.] 

SOUGH (sow or suf), n. Murmuring, sighing 
sound; deep sigh; murmur. [Ice. sugr 9 a rush- 
ing sound.] 

SOUGH (sow or suf), v. [pr.p. SOUGH'EVG; p.t. 
and p.p. SOUGHED (sowd or suft).] I. vt. 
Utter in a sighing tone. II. vi. 1. Emit a 
sighing sound, as the wind. 2. Sigh deeply. 

SOUGHT (sat), v. Past tense and past participle 
of SEEK. 

SOUL (sol), n. 1. That part of man which thinks, 
feels, desires, etc. 2. Indwelling spirit. 3. 
Life ; essence ; internal power. 4. Human be- 
ing; person. [A. S. sawel — Ger. seele.] 

SOULFUL (sol'fol), a. Expressive of deep feel- 
ing; emotional. 

SOULFULLY (sol'fol-i), adv. In a soulful man- 
ner. 

SOULLESS (sol'les), a. Without a soul or con- 
science; mean; spiritless. 

SOUND (sownd), n. Narrow passage of water; 
strait. [A. S. sund, swumd, swimman, swim.] 

SOUND (sownd), n. Air-bladder of fish. [Cf. 
Ice. sundmagi, swimming-maw, bladder.] 

SOUND (sownd), n. 1. Impression produced on 
the ear by the vibrations of air ; noise. 2. Note ; 
tone. 3. Report. 4. Empty or meaningless 
noise. 5. Hearing-distance; ear-shot. [Fr. 
sonner — L. sono, sound.] 

SOUND (sownd), v. [pr.p. SOUND'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SOUND 'ED.] I. vi. 1. Make a noise; 
produce a sound. 2. Appear; seem. 3. Be 
spread by sound or report. II. vt. 1. Cause to 
make a noise. 2. Utter audibly. 3. Direct by 
an audible signal. 4. Publish or proclaim by 
voice. 5. Examine by percussion or ausculta- 
tion. 

SOUND (sownd), v. [pr.p. SOUND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SOUNDED.] I. vt. 1. Measure the depth 
of, especially with a line and plummet. 2. 
Probe; try to discover secret wishes of; test. 
II. vi. Use the line and lead in sounding. 
[Fr. sonder.] 

SOUND (sownd), n. Instrument for exploring 
an inner cavity of the body; probe. 

SOUND (sownd), I. a. 1. Safe; whole; entire; 
perfect. 2. Healthy; strong. 3. Correct; 
orthodox. 4. Profound; undisturbed. 5. 
Solid. 6. Valid; logical; legal. II. adv. 
Soundly; deeply. [A. S. sund, gesund, healthy.] 

SOUNDER (sownd'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which sounds. 2. Telegraphy. Device used 
instead of a register, the communications be- 
ing read by sound alone. 

SOUNDING (sownd'ing), a. 1. Sonorous; reso- 
nant. 2. Rombastic. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



SOUNDING 



1029 



SOUTHWESTERLY 




SOUNDING (sownd'ing), w. 1. Act of ascertain- 
ing the depth of water with a lead and line. 
2. [pi.] Depth of water ascertained by measur- 
ing with lead and line. 

SOUNDING-BOARD (sownd'ing-bord), n. Piece 
of resonant wood placed behind the strings of 
a piano or other instrument to increase the 
power of the sounds. 

SOUNDLY (sownd'li), adv. In a sound manner. 

SOUNDNESS (sownd'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sound. 

SOUNDOGRAPH (sownd'o-graf), n. Device for 
producing the 
sound effects 
incident to] 
the scenes] 
portrayed in 
motion pic- 
tures. [SOUND 
and -GRAPH.] 

SOUP (sop), 
Liquid food 
obtained by 
boiling meat, 
vegetables, 
etc., with 
seas oning. 
[Fr. soupe — 
Ger. suppe, 
soup. Allied 
to SIP and 
SUP.] 

SOUPCON (sop-sang'), n. A suspicion; hence, 
a mere suggestion or trace; as, tea with a 
soupson of brandy. [Fr.] 

SOUR (sowr), a. [comp. SOUR'ER; superl. 
SOUR'EST.] 1. Having a pungent, acid 
taste. 2. Turned, as milk; rancid. 3. 
Crabbed or peevish in temper. [A. S. sur.] 

SOUR (sowr), v. [pr.p. SOUR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOURED (sowrd).] I. vt. 1. Make sour. 2. 
Make harsh or crabbed. 3. Macerate. II. vi. 
Become sour or acid, as by fermentation. 

SOURCE (sors), n. 1. That from which any- 
thing rises or originates; origin. 2. Spring 
from which a stream flows. [Fr. — L.swrgro, rise.] 

SYN. Commencement; derivation; foun- 
dation ; spring ; fountain ; cause. ANT. End; 
termination; sequel. 

SOURCROUT (sowr'krowt), n. Same as SAUER- 
KRAUT.] 

SOURISH (sowr'ish), o. Somewhat sour. 

SOURLY (sowr'li), adv. In a sour manner. 

SOURNESS (sowr'n'es), n. Quality or state of 
being sour. 

SOURSOP (sowr'sop), n. Same as GUANABANO. 

SOUSE (sows), n. 1. Head, feet, and ears of 
swine pickled. 2. A plunge into water; a 
drenching in water. [Doublet of SAUCE.] 

SOUSE (sows), v. [pr.p. SOUSING; p.t. and p.p. 
SOUSED (sowst).] I. vt. 1. Steep in pickle. 
2. Drench with water; plunge in water. 3. 
Dash or splash. II. vi. Swoop. 



Soundograph. 



SOUTACHE (so-tash'), n. Kind of narrow flat 
braid. [Fr.] 

SOUTH (sowth), I. n. 1. Direction toward that 
point on the horizon over which the sun ap- 
pears at noon to the people north of the Tropic 
of Cancer. 2. Any land opposite the north. 
II. a. Lying towards the south. III. adv. To- 
wards the south. [A. S. sudh, akin to SUN.] 

South-African (sowth-afri-kan), i. a. of 

or pertaining to South Africa. II. n. Native 
or inhabitant of South Africa ; Africander. 

South-American (sowth-a-mer'i-kan), i. «. 

Of or pertaining to South America. II. n. 
Native or inhabitant of South America. 

South Carolina (sowth kar-o-irna). one 

of the U. S. Capital, Columbia. Area 30,570 
sq. m. 

South Dakota (sowth da-ko'ta). one of the 

U. S. Capital, Pierre. Area 76,850 sq. m. 

SOUTHEAST (sowth-est'), I. n. Direction 
equally distant from the south and east. II. 
a. Pertaining to, directed toward, or coming 
from, the southeast. 

SOUTHEASTER (sowth-est'er), n. Gale from 
the southeast. 

SOUTHEASTERLY ( sowth-est 'er-li), I. a. 
Southeast. II. adv. Toward or from the south- 
east. 

SOUTHEASTERN (sowth-est'ern), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or lying in, the southeast. 

SOUTHERLY (suffc 'er-li), SOUTHERN (sufft'- 
ern), a. Pertaining to, situated in, or proceed- 
ing from or towards, the south. 

SOUTHERNER (sutft'ern-er), n. 1. Person born 
or residing in the south. 2. [S-] Person born 
or residing in one of the southern States of the 
United States. 

SOUTHERNMOST (su*fc'ern-most), a, 3Iost 
southerly; farthest south. 

SOUTHERNWOOD (suto'ern-wod), n. Aromatic 
plant {Artemisia Abrotanum), native of south- 
ern Europe, having an odor disagreeable to 
insects. 

SOUTHLAND (sowth'land), n. The south; 
southern region. 

SOUTH POLE (sowth pol). Southern point of 
the earth's axis of rotation; opposed to NORTH 
POLE. 

SOUTHWARD (sowth'ward), adv. Toward the 
south. 

SOUTHWEST (sowth-wesf), I. n. Direction 
equally distant from south and west. II. a. 
Pertaining to, proceeding from or toward, or 
lying in the direction of the southwest. 

SOUTHWESTER (sowth-west'er), SOU'WEST- 
ER (sow-west'er), n. 1. Strong southwest 
wind. 2. Waterproof hat with a broad brim 
or flap behind to protect the back of the neck 
in bad weather. 

SOUTHWESTERLY (sowth-west'er-li), adv. and 
a. 1. In the direction of the southwest. 2. 
Coming from the southwest. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SOUTHWESTERN 



1030 



SPANISH-AMERICAN 



SOUTHWESTERN (sowth-west'ern), a. South- 
west; southwesterly. 

SOUVENIR (so-ve-ner'), **. Remembrancer; 
keepsake; memento. [Fr.] 

SOVEREIGN (sov'er-in or suv'er-in), I. a. 1. 
Supreme. 2. Possessing supreme power or 
dominion. 3. Superior to all others. II. n. 
1. Supreme ruler ; monarch. 2. English gold 
coin =$4.86, gold standard; pound. [Fr. sou- 
verain — EX. superanus — L. super, above.] 

SOVEREIGNTY (sov'er-in-ti or suv'er-in-ti), n. 
[pi. SOVEREIGNTIES.] 1. Supreme power; 
domination. 2. Sovereign state. 

SOW (sow), n. 1. Female hog. 2. Oblong piece 
of metal larger than a pig. [A. S. su, sugu — 
Sans, root su, generate.] 

SOW (so), v. [pr.p. SOWING; p.t. SOWED (sod); 
p.p. SOWN (son) or SOWED (sod).] I. vt. 1. 
Scatter as seed; seed; plant by strewing. 2. 
Scatter seed over. II. vi. Scatter seed for 
growth. [A. S. sdwan — Ger. sceen.] 

SOWER (so'er), n. One who or that which sows. 

SOY (soi), n. Sauce prepared in China and Japan 
from soy-beans, the seeds 
of the soy-bean plant (Git/- 
cine hispida). 

SPA (spa), n. Town and 
watering place in eastern 
part of Belgium. 

SPA (spa), n. Place where? 
there is a mineral spring of 
water. [From Spa, a fa- 
mous watering-place in 
Belgium.] 

SPACE (spas), n. 1. Exten- 
sion as distinct from sub- 
stance ;largeness. 2. Room; 
place. 3. Distancebetween 
objects. 4. Quantity of 
time ; distance between two 
points of time ; interval. 5. Soy-bean Plant. 
Interval between lines or words in books. 6. 
Blank type, shorter and thinner than the let- 
tered type, used to separate letters so as to jus- 
tify a line. [Fr. espace — L. spatium.] 

SPACE (spas), vt. [pr.p. SPACING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPACED (spast).] Arrange at proper intervals; 
specifically in printing, to arrange the spaces 
or intervals between letters or words, so as to 
justify the line; as, to space a paragraph. — 
Space out, widen the spaces or intervals be- 
tween words or lines in a page for printing. 

SPACER (spa'ser), n. 1. Device for making 
spaces. 2. Print. Device for spacing words, 
as in a type-setting machine. 

SPACE-TELEGRAPHY (spas'te-leg-ra-fi), w. 
Same as WIRELESS-TELEGRAPHY. 

SPACIOUS (spa'shus), a. Large in extent; 
roomy ; wide. [Fr. spacieux.] 

SPACIOUSLY (spa'shus-li), adv. In a spacious 
manner. 

SPACIOUSNESS (spa'shus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being spacious. 




Old past tense 



Mean 




Spadix. 



SPADE (span), n. 1. Broad blade of iron with a 
handle, used for digging. 2. Playing card, 
showing black figures resembling a pointed 
spade. [A. S. spadu — Ger. spaten.] 

SPADE (spad), vt. [pr.p. SPA'DING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPA'DED.] Dig with a snade. 

SPADIX (spa'diks), n. [pi. SPA'DIXES or SPA- 
DICES (spa-di'sez).] Spike- 
like form of inflorescence, 
mostly inclosed in a spathe./ 
[L.] 

SPAGHETTI (spa-get'i), n. 
Macaroni in the form of 
tubes or sticks, larger than 
vermicelli. [It.] 

SPAIN (span), n. Kingdom, 

S. W. Europe. Area 194,808 
sq. m. 

SPAKE (spak), 
of SPEAK. 

SPALPEEN (spal-pen'), n. 
fellow; rascal. [Irish.] 

SPAN (span), v. Old past tense 
SPIN. 

SPAN (span), n. 1. Space from the 

end of the thumb to the end of the little finger 
when the fingers are extended; nine inches. 

2. Spread of an arch between its abutments. 

3. Space of time. [A. S.] 

SPAN (span), vt. [pr.p. SPAN'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPANNED (spand).] 1. Measure by 
spans; measure. 2. Stretch across; embrace. 
[A. S. spannan, connect.] 

SPAN (span), n. Pair of matched horses har- 
nessed side by side. [Dut.] 

SPANDREL (span'drel), w. Tri- 
angular space between two 
arches and the molding above. 
[Etym. doubtful; probably from 
O. Fr. espandeur, that which 
spreads.] 

SPANGLE (spang'gl), n. Small, 
thin plate or boss of shining 
metal; anything sparkling. [A.£; 
S. spange, clasp.] 

SPANGLE (spang'gl), vt. [pr.p. 
SPAN'GLING; p.t. and p.p. 
(spang'gld).] Adorn with 
spangles. 

Spaniard (span'yard), 

Native of Spain. 
SPANIEL (span'yel), n. Kind 
of dog, usually liver and 
white colored, and with large 
pendant ears, once supposed 
to be of Spanish origin. [O. 
Fr. espagneul, Spanish.] 

Spanish (span'ish),o. i. ofor| 

pertaining to Spain. II. n. 

Language of Spain. Hernando Cortez, 

a a Spanish conqueror 

SPANISH-AMERICAN (span- of Mexico. Born 

ish-a-mer'i-kan), I. a. Of 1485— died 1547. 

or pertaining to parts of America where 




Spandrel. 
SPANGLED 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf - mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



SPANISH-FLY 



1031 



SPARTA 



Spanish is commonly spoken. II. n. Person 
of Spanish blood residing in America, es- 
pecially a resident of any part of South 
America settled or controlled by Spaniards or 
their descendants. 

Spanish-fly (spanish-fii), n. [pi. span'ish- 

FLIES.] 1. Green beetle (Cantharisvesicatoria) 
used for raising blisters. 2. Cantharides. 

SPANISH MAIN (Spanish man). Name formerly 
given the S. portion of the Caribbean sea, em- 
bracing part of the route traversed by Spanish 
treasure-ships between Europe and America. 

SPANK (spangk), v. [pr.p. SPANKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPANKED (spangkt).] I. vt. Strike with 
the open hand on the buttocks. II. vi. 
Move quickly, as a spirited horse. [Etym. 
doubtful. Cf. Dan. spanke, strut.] 

SPANK (spangk), n. Slap or blow with the open 
hand, especially on the buttocks. 

SPANKER (spangk'er), n. 1. After-sail of a 
ship or bark. 2. Fast-going horse. 3. One who 
spanks. 

SPANKING (spangk'ing), I. a. 1. Moving with 
a quick lively pace; free-going; dashing. 2. 
Uncommonly fine. II. n. 1. Act of adminis- 
tering spanks. 2. Punishment thus admin- 
istered. 

SPAR (spar), n. Large pole, as a mast, yard, 
boom, gaff, etc. [Dut.] 

SPAR (spar), n. Non-metallic, lustrous, crystal- 
line mineral. [A. S. spcer (-stdn), gypsum.] 

SPAR (spar), vi. [pr.p. SPAR'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPARRED (spard).] 1. Box with the fists; 
fight with showy action. 2. Make the motions 
of boxing. 3. Bandy words; dispute. [O. Fr. 
esparer, kick.] 

SPARE (spar), v. [pr.p. SPAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPARED (spard).] I. vt. 1. Use or dispense 
frugally. 2. Give; bestow; as, to spare time 
for any purpose. 3. Show mercy to ; preserve, 
as from danger, pain, destruction, distress, 
annoyance, or toil. II. vi. 1. Be parsimoni- 
ous or frugal. 2. Be merciful or forgiving. 
[A. S. spartan.] 

SPARE (spar), a. 1. Sparing ; frugal. 2. Scanty; 
lean. 3. Superfluous ; not needed. 4. Kept in 
reserve for an emergency; additional; extra; 
as, a spare room. 

SPARENESS (spar nes), n. Quality or state of 
being spare. 

SPARERIB (spar'rib), n. Rib of pork closely 
trimmed of meat. 

SPARID^E (spar'i-de), n. Family of fishes; the 
sea-breams. [L. sparus, kind of fish.] 

SPARING (spar'ing), a. 1. Scarce; scanty. 2. 
Forbearing. 3. Saving. 

SPARK (spark), n. 1. Small particle of fire shot 
off from a body. 2. Small shining body or 
light. 3. Feeble point of fire in or on a cold 
mass ; germ of vitality 4. Elec. Disruptive dis- 
charge or the luminous effect thereof pro- 
duced in the air-space or gap through which 
the discharge passes. [A. S. spearca.] 



Slight debate. 



SPARK (spark), vi. [pr.p. SPARKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPARKED (sparkt).] 1. Emit sparks. 2. 
Elec. Form sparks by disruptive discharge. 

SPARK (spark), n. 1. Roysterer ; gay fellow. 2. 
Lover; gallant. [Ice. sparkr, lively.] 

SPARK (spark), v. [pr.p. SPARKING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPARKED (sparkt).] I. vt. Court. II. 
vi. Play the spark or gallant. 

SPARKER (spark'er), n. 1. Device to prevent 
sparks from escaping. 2. Elec. Device to pre- 
vent injurious sparking. 

SPARK-GAP (spark'gap), w. Elec. Gap crossed 
by sparks, between the ends of a resonator. 

SPARKLE (spark'l), n. 1. Little spark. 2. 
Brilliance ; luster. [Dim. of SPARK.] 

SPARKLE (spark'l), vi. [pr.p. SPARK'LING; 
p.t. and p.p. SPARKLED (spark'ld).] 1. Emit 
sparks. 2. Glitter; flash; twinkle. 

SPARKLER (spark'ler), n. 1. That which spark- 
les or emits sparks. 2. Diamond. (Slang.) 

SPARKLING (sparkling), a. 1. Emitting 
sparks ; glittering. 2. Brilliant ; lively ; bright. 

SPARK-PLUG (spark 'plug), n. Metal shell 
which screws into an automobile carbureter 
carrying the conductor of the current that 
ignites the mixture of gas and air. 

SPAROID (spa'roid), a. Of or pertaining to the 
Sparidw; resembling a sea-bream. 

SPARRING (spar'ing), n. 1. Prelusive conten- 
tion, as among boxers. 

SPARROW (spar '6), w. 
Any bird of the various 
species of the genus 
Passer; the common 
European house-spar- ' 
row (Passer domesti- 
cus), generally known 
in the United States 
as the English spar- 
row, ranges over 
Europe into northern 
Africa, and has been 
introduced into 
America and Australia. 

SPARROW-HAWK (spar'6-hak). 
ciesof hawk. 

SPARRY (spar'i), 
a. Consisting of 
or like spar. 

SPARSE (spars), 
o. Thinly scat- 
tered. [L. spar- 
sum, p.p. of 
spargo, scat- 
ter.] 

SPARSELY 
( spars 'li), adv. 
In a sparse 
manner ; thinly. 

SPARSENESS 
(spars'nes), n. 
Quality or state of being sparse 

SPARTA (spar'ta), n. Ancient city, in Greece. 




< 



Sparrows. 

n. Small spe- 




Sparrow-hawk (Falco 

sparverius) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SPARTAN 



1032 



SPECIE 



SPARTAN (spar'tan), I. a. Of or pertaining to 

Sparta in Greece; hardy; fearless. II. n. 1. 

Native of Sparta. 2. Person of fortitude. 
SPASM (spazm), n. Violent and involuntary 

contraction of the muscles. [Gr. spasmos — 

spao, draw.] 
SPASMODIC (spaz-mod'ik), I. a. 1. Relating 

to or consisting in spasms; convulsive. 2. 

Temporary; intermittent; soon exhausted. II. 

n. Medicine for removing spasms. 
SPAS3IODICAL (spaz-mod'ik-al), a. Spasmodic. 
SPAS3IODICALLY (spaz-mod'ik-al-i), adv. In 

a spasmodic manner. 
SPAT (spat), v. Past tense of SPIT. 
SPAT (spat), n. Spawn or young of shell-fish, 

esp. of the oyster. [From SPAT, p.t. of SPIT.] 
SPAT (spat), n. 1. Light blow. 2. Spatter. 3. 

Petty quarrel. [Possibly from O. Fr. espater 

— Fr. epattr, strike flat, upset.] 
SPAT (spat), n. Same as SPATTERDASH. 
SPAT (spat), v. [pr.p. SPAT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

SPAT'TED.] I. vt. Slap lightly. II. vi. 1. 

Engage in a petty quarrel. 2. Patter. 
SPATHE (spatfc), n. Involucre around a spadix. 

[Gr. spathe, broadsword.] 
SPATIAL (spa'shal), a. Pertaining to space. 
SPATTER (spat'er), vU [pr.p. SPATTERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SPATTERED (spat'erd).] Splash 

out upon; scatter about; sprinkle. [Freq. of 

SPAT, p.t. of SPIT.] 
SPATTERDASH (spat'er-dash), n. Leather 

legging for equestrians; covering of cloth or 

leather for the leg, fitting upon the shoe; 

gaiter; also called spat. [SPATTER and DASH] 
SPATULA (spat'u-la), SPATTLE (spat'l), n. 

Rroad kind of knife for spreading plasters, 

paint, etc. [L., dim. of 

spatha, spade.] 
SPATULATE (spat'u-lat), a. 

Shaped like a spatula, as 

a racket. 
SPAVIN (spav'in), n. Dis- 
ease of horses affecting the 

hock-joint, a swelling of 

the bone [O. Fr. espavent.] 
SPAVINED (spav'ind), a. Af- 
fected with spavin. 
SPAWN (span), v. [pr.p. 

SPAWNING; p.t. and p.p. 

SPAWNED (spand).] I. vt. 

1. Lay or deposit, as fish 

and frogs do their eggs. 2. 

Rring forth; used in con- 
tempt. II. vi. 1. Deposit 

eggs or roe. 2. Issue or 

proceed, as offspring; used 

in contempt. Female Fish (Aspredo 

SPAWN (span), n. 1. Eggs Icevis) with spawn at- 

of fish, frogs, shell-fish, ^ ched , b y pedir-les to 

' ,» * _,. , j. the under side. 
etc. 2. Bot. Vegetative 

part of a fungus. 3. Any offspring; prod- 
uct; yield. 
SPAY (spa), vt. [pr.p. SPAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 




SPAYED (spad).] Extirpate the ovaries of. 
[Manx spoiy.} 

SPEAK (spek),v. [pr.p. SPEAK' ING; p.f. SPOKE 
(spdk); p.p. SPOKEN (spoken).] I. vt. 1. 
Utter articulately? pronounce. 2. Say or tell. 
3. Herald; proclaim. 4. Talk or converse in; 
as, to speak French. 5. Accost. II. vi. 1. 
Utter words ; talk. 2. Discourse. 3. Be ex- 
pressive. 4. Converse. 5. Dispute. [A. S. 
specan, sprecan.] 

SPEAKER (spek'er), n. 1. One who speaks. 2. 
The person who presides in a deliberative or 
legislative body, as the House of Representa- 
tives; chairman. 3. Collection of pieces for 
rhetorical exercises. 

SPEAKING-TRUMPET (spek'ing-trum-pet), n. 
Instrument used for intensifying the sound of 
the voice, so as to convey it a greater distance ; 
megaphone. 

SPEAR (sper), n. 1. Long weapon used in war 
and hunting, made of a pole pointed with iron. 
2. Lance with barbed prongs used for catch- 
ing fish, 3. Spike of grass, wheat, etc. [A. S. 
spere.] 

SPEAR (sper), v. [pr.p. SPEAR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPEARED (sperd).] I. vt. Pierce with or as 
with a spear. II. vi. Bot. Shoot forth into a 
long spire-like stem. 

SPEAR31AN (sper'man), n. [pi. SPEAR'MEN.] 
Man armed with a spear. 

SPEARMINT (sper'mint), n. Species of mint 
having spear-shaped leaves. 

SPECIAL (spesh'al), a. 1. Of a species or sort; 
particular. 2. Confined to a particular sub- 
ject. 3. Exceptionally good or fine. 4. 
Designed for the purpose. 

SYN. Peculiar; distinctive; singular; 
unique; extraordinary; uncommon; spe- 
cific. ANT. General; universal; common. 

SPECIALIST (spesh'al-ist), n. One who devotes 
himself to a special subject. 

SPECIALITY (spesh-i-al'i-ti), n. 1. Special or 
particular mark of a person or thing. 2. Spe- 
cial occupation or object of attention. [Fr. 
specialite.] 

SPECIALIZATION (spesh-al-i-za'shun), n. Act 
of specializing or state of being or becoming 
specialized. 

SPECIALIZE (spesh'al-iz), v. [pr.p. SPECIAL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. SPECIALIZED (spesh'al- 
izd).] I. vi. 1. Make specifically distinct. 2. 
Limit to a particular kind of development, 
action or use. II. vi. Act in a special way. 

SPECIALLY (spesh'al-i), adv. In an especial 
manner; particularly; especially. 

SPECIALTY (spesh'al-ti), n. [pi. SPECIAL- 
TIES.] 1. That by which a person or thing is 
specially characterized. 2. That in which a 
person is specially versed. 3. Law. Special 
contract; obligation or bond. 4. Special occu- 
pation or pursuit. 5. Article to which a dealer 
pays special attention. 

SPECIE (spe'she), n. Coin of gold, silver, nickel, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ' 



SPECIES 



1033 



SPECTRUM 



copper, etc., used as a circulating medium. 
[See SPECIES.] 

SPECIES (spe'shez), n. Group of individuals 
having common characteristics, subordinate 
to a genus. [L. specio, look.] 

SPECIFIC (spe-sifik), SPECIFICAL (spe-sif- 
ik-al), I. a. 1. Pertaining to or constituting 
a species. 2. That specifies ; precise. II. n. 
Remedy for a particular disease. 

SPECIFICALLY (spe-sif'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
specific manner. 

SPECIFICALNESS (spe-sif'ik-al-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being specifical. 

SPECIFICATION (spes-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act 
of specifying. 2. Statement of particulars. 3. 
Item specified. 

SPECIFY (spes'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. SPECIFYING; p.U 
and p.p. SPECIFIED (spes'i-fid).] Make 
special; mention particularly. [L.L. specifico 
— L. species, form, and facio, make.] 

SPECIMEN (spes'i-men), n. 1. Portion of any- 
thing, or one of a number, to show kind and 
quality of the whole. 2. Illustration; example. 

SYN. Sample; pattern; model; instance. 
ANT. Anomaly; exception; freak. 

SPECIOUS (spe'shus), a. That looks well at first 
sight; showy; plausible. 

SPECIOUSLY (spe'shus-li), adv. In a specious 
manner. 

SPECIOUSNESS (spe'shus-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being specious. 

SPECK (spek), n. 1. Small spot; blemish. 2. 
Very small particle. [A. S. specca.] 

SPECK (spek), vt. [pr.p. SPECK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPECKED (spekt).] 3Iark or stain with 
small spots. 

SPECKLE (spek'l), n. Little speck or spot differ- 
ent in substance or color from its surround- 
ings. [Dim. of SPECK.] 

SPECKLE (spek'l), vt. [pr.p. SPECK'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. SPECKLED (spek'ld).] Mark with 
speckles, flecks, small spots, or dots. 

SPECTACLE (spek'ta-kl), n. 1. 
Sight ; show ; exhibition. 2. [pi.] 
Glasses to assist the sight. [L. 
speetaculum — specto, look at.] 

SPECTACLED (Jspek'ta- 
kld),a. Wearing spec- 
tacles; bearing mark- 
ings like a pair of 
spectacles. 

SPECTACLED- 
BEAR (spek'ta- 
kld-bar),n. Spe- 
cies of small 
black bear ( Ur- 
sus omatus), 
having a light- 
colored ring 
around each 
eye. 

SPECTACLED- 
SNAKE (spek'ta-kld-snak), n. Species of 




Spectacled-snake. 



Indian cobra (Naja tripudians), having mark- 
ings on the hood resembling a pair of old- 
fashioned spectacles. 

SPECTACULAR (spek-tak'u-lar) a. Pertaining 
to or of the nature of a spectacle or show; 
characterized by scenic display. 

SPECTATOR (spek-tatur), n. [fern. SPECTA'- 
TRESS.] One who looks on. [L., from spec- 
tatuSf.p.v. of specto, look at.] 

SYN. Looker-on; bystander; eye-wit- 
ness; beholder; observer. 

SPECTER, SPECTRE (spek'ter), n. Ghost. [L. 
spectrum, vision.] 

SPECTRAL (spek'tral), a. 1. Relating to, or 
like, a specter. 2. Relating to the spectrum. 

SPECTROGRAM (spek'tro-gram), n. Photo- 
graphic impression of a spectrum. [SPEC- 
TRUM, and Gr. gramma, something written.] 

SPECTROGRAPH (spek'tro-graf), n. Appara- 
tus for producing photographic impressions 
of a spectrum. [SPECTRUM, and -GRAPH.] 

SPECTROGRAPHS (spek-tro-grafik), a. Of 
or pertaining to a spectrograph. 

SPECTROGRAPHY (spek-trog'ra-fl), n. Art 
or process of forming spectrographic pictures. 

SPECTROHELIOGRA31(spek-tr6-he li-o-gram), 
n. Spectroheliographic picture of the sun. 
[SPECTRUM, Gr. helios, sun, and -GRAM.] 

SPECTROHELIOGRAPH (spek-tro-he'li-o- 
graf), ». 
Specially 
des i gned 
s p e c t r o- 
graph for 
photo- 
graphing the sun 
by monochromatic 
light. 

SPECTROHELIO- 
GRAPHIC (spek- 
tro-he-li-o - graf '- 
ik), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or obtained 
by means of, the 
spectroheliograph. 

SPECTROPHOTOM- 
ETER (spek-tro- 
fo-tom'e-ter), n. 
Instrument for obtaining accurate measure- 
ment of light absorption, accurate comparison 
of light sources, etc. 

SPECTROSCOPE (spek'tro-skop), n. Instru- 
ment for forming and examining spectra 
of luminous bodies, so as to determine their 
composition. [SPECTRUM and SCOPE.] 

SPECTROSCOPIC (spek-tro-skop'ik), a. Of or 
pertaining to the spectroscope or spectro- 
scopy. 

SPECTROSCOPY (spek'tro-sko-pi), n. Science 
that is concerned with the use of the spec- 
troscope. 

SPECTRUM (spek'trum), n. [pi. SPECTRA.] 
1. Image of something seen, continued after 




Rumford Spectroheliograph 
suspended from the forty-inch 
Yerkes refractor. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
I " ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



SPECULAR 



1034 



SPENCER 



the eyes are closed. 2. Band of light show- 
ing colors, or lines and bands, seen when a 
beam of light from any source (as the sun or 
an ignited vapor), passes through a prism and 
is reflected from a diffraction-grating. [L„ 
appearance, image, apparition. 

SPECULAR (spek'u-lar), a. Resembling a spec- 
ulum ; having a smooth reflecting surface. 

SPECULARIA (spek-u-la'ri-a),n. Annual herbs 
mostly of S. Europe, allied to Campanula. 

SPECULATE (spek'u-lat), vi. [pr.p. SPECULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. SPECULA'TED.] 1. Look 
at or into with the mind; consider; theorize. 2. 
Traffic for profit upon an uncertainty. [L. 
speculatus, p.p. of speculor, behold — specio, 
look.] 

SPECULATION (spek-u-la'shun), n. 1. Mental 
view; contemplation; mere theory. 2. Buy- 
ing goods, etc., in expectation of a rise in the 
market price. 

SPECULATIVE (spek'u-la-tiv), a. 1. Given to 
speculation or theory; ideal. 2. Pertaining 
to speculation in business, etc. 

SPECULATIVELY (spek'u-la-tiv-li), adv. In a 
speculative manner. 

SPECULATOR (spek'u-la-tur), n. One who 
speculates in trade. 

SPECULUM (spek'u-lum), n. [pi. SPECULA.] 

1. Reflector usually made of polished metal. 

2. Surg. Instrument for bringing into view 
parts otherwise hidden. [L., looking-glass.] 

SPED (sped), v. Past tense and past participle of 
SPEED. 

SPEECH (spech), w. 1. That which is spoken; 
language. 2. Power of speaking. 3. Oration; 
formal discourse; declaration of thoughts. 
4. Mention. [A. S. spmc, spmrc. See SPEAK.] 

SPEECHLESS (spech'les), a. Destitute or tem- 
porarily deprived, of the power of speech. 

SPEECHLESSNESS (spech'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being speechless. 

SPEED (sped), n. 1. Rapid pace or rate; velocity; 
swiftness. 2. Success or prosperity in an un- 
dertaking. — Speed of no return, velocity a 
body must have on leaving the earth in order 
for it never to come back — about seven miles 
a second. [A. S. sped.] 

SPEED (sped), v. \pr.p. SPEED'EVG; p.t. and 
p.p. SPED (sped) or SPEED'ED.] I. vi. 1. Move 
rapidly. 2. Pass quickly. 3. Fare well or 
ill. 4. Go faster than permitted by law or 
regulation. II. vt. 1. Put in quick motion; 
expedite. 2. Urge on or drive forward 
rapidly. 3. Prosper; favor. 4. Dismiss 
with good wishes. 

SPEEDER (sped'er), n. One who or that which 
speeds. 

SPEEDILY (sped'i-li), adv. In a speedy manner; 
swiftly; quickly. 

SPEEDINESS (sped'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being speedy. 

SPEEDING (sped'ing), n. Fast riding, driving, 
or motoring; scorching. 




Automobile speedometer and odome- 
ter with small electric lamp above it. 



SPEEDOMETER (sped-om'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment for measuring, record- 
ing or indicating speed. By 
watching it a motorist can as- 
certain the best of various 
adjustments of carburet- 
er and ignition system 

SPEEDWAY (sped'wa), 
n. Boulevard or other 
way whereon speed- 
ing, as of motor-cars, 
is permitted or cus- 
tomary. 

SPEEDY 
(sped'i), a. | 
[ c o m p 
SPEED 'D3R; 
s u p e r I . 
SPEEDI- 
EST.]!. Mov- 
ing at a rapid 
rate; swift. 
2. Quick in 
performance. 3. Soon to be expected. 

SPEISS (spis), n. Residue of nickel, arsenic, 
iron, etc., in crucibles wherein cobalt glass 
has been melted. [Ger. speise, bell metal.] 

SPELL (spel), n. 1. Any form of words sup- 
posed to possess magical power. 2. Any- 
thing acting as a charm. [A. S. spel, saying.] 

SPELL (spel), v. [pr.p. SPELL TNG; p.t. and p.p. 
SPELLED (speld) or SPELT (spelt).] I. vi. 1. 
Form with the proper letters in proper order, 
either in writing or verbally. 2. Make up or 
constitute. 3. Signify. 4. Act as a spell upon; 
charm; bewitch. II. vi. Form words with 
the proper letters in their regular order. 

SPELL (spel), vt. [pr.p. SPELL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPELLED (speld).] Temporarily take the 
place of at work. [A. S.spelian, act for another.] 

SPELL (spel), n. 1. Turn at work. 2. Short period. 

SPELLBINDER (spel'bind-er), n. Magician; 
one who charms, especially by speech. 

SPELLBOUND (spel'bownd), a. Enchanted; 
under magic influence. 

SPELLER (spel'er), n. 1. One Who spells. 2. 
Spelling-book. 

SPELLING (spel'ing), n. 1. Act of spelling or 
naming the letters of words. 2. Orthography. 

SPELLING-BEE (spel'ing-be), n. Competitive 
examination in spelling. 

SPELLING-BOOK (spel'ing-bok), n. Book for 
teaching pupils how to spell. 

SPELT (spelt), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of SPELL. 

SPELT (spelt), n. Kind of grain; also called Ger- 
man wheat. [A. S. — L. spelta.] 

SPELTER (spel'ter), n. Zinc. [See PEWTER.] 

SPENCER (spen'ser), n. Short jacket for men 
or women. [Named after a Lord Spencer.] 

SPENCER (spen'ser), n. Fore-and-aft sail abaft 
the fore and main masts. [Named after the 
inventor.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Wen, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SPENCERIAN 



1035 



SPIGOT 



SPENCERIAN (spen-se'ri-an), a. 1. Pertaining to 
the English philosopher, Herbert Spencer, or to 
his philosophy. 2. Pertaining to a certain 
common system of handwriting or penmanship. 

SPEND (spend), v. [pr.p. SPEND'ING; p.U and 
p.p. SPENT (spent).] I. vt. 1. Expend or 
weigh out. 2. Give for any purpose. 3. Con- 
sume; waste. 4. Pass, as time. II. vi. 1. Make 
expenditures. 2. Vanish; be dissipated. [A. S. 
spendan — L. dispendo.] 

SPENDER (spend'er), n. One who spends lav- 
ishly; spendthrift. 

SPENDTHRIFT (spend'thrift), I. a. Prodigal. 
II. n. Prodigal person. 

SPENT (spent), a. 1. Worn out; weary; ex- 
hausted. 2. Having deposited the spawn; 
said of fish. — Spent ball, cannon-ball or rifle- 
ball which reaches an object, but without 
sufficient force to do material injury. 

SPENT (spent), v. Past tense and past participle 
of SPEND. 

SPERM (sperm), n. Male seed, as semen of 
higher vertebrates, milt or spawn of lower 
vertebrates. [Fr. sperme — L. sperma — Gr. 
sperma, seed.] 

SPERM (sperm), SPERMACETI (sper-ma-se'ti 
or sper-ma-set'i), n. Waxy matter from the 
head of the sperm-whale. [L. sperma, seed, 
and cetus, whale.] 

SPERMATIC (sper-mat'ik), SPERMATICAL 
(sper-mat'ik-al), a. Seminal; pertaining to 
sperm. 

SPERM-OIL (sperm'oil), w. Oil from the sperm- 
whale. 

SPERM-WHALE (sperm'hwal), n. Species of 
whale (Physeter macrocephalus) , from which 
sperm or spermaceti is obtained. 

SPEW, SPUE (spu), v. [pr.p, SPEWING; p.U 
and p.p. SPEWED (spud). I. vt. 1. Eject 
from the stomach; vomit. 2. Eject or cast 
out with loathing. II. vi. Vomit; puke. [A. 
S. splwan, spit out.] 

SPHENOID (sfe'noid), a. 1. Wedge-shaped. 2. 
Of or pertaining to the wedge-shaped bone at 
the base of the skull. 

SPHEROMETER (sfe-rom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for ascertaining radii of spheres. [Gr. sphaira, 
sphere, and metros, measure.] 

SPHERAL (sfer'al), a. 1. Rounded; spherical. 
2. Of or pertaining to the celestial spheres. 

SPHERE (sfer), n. 1. Ball ; globe ; orb. 2. Cir- 
cuit of motion; field of influence, action or 
duty; province. 3. Rank; social position. 
[Gr. sphaira.] 

SPHERIC (sfer'ik), SPHERICAL, (sfer'ik-al), a. 
Pertaining to or like a sphere. 

SPHERICITY (sfe-ris'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being spherical; roundness. 

SPHEROID (sfe'roid), n. Body or figure having 
the form of a sphere, but not quite round. 

SPHEROIDAL (sfe-roi'dal), a. 1. Having the 
form of a spheroid. 2. Crystal. Bounded 
by several convex faces. 




Sphinx. 
rams and hawks. 



SPHERULE (sfer'61), n. Little sphere; globule. 

SPHINCTER (sfingk'ter), n. Anat. Muscle that 
contracts or shuts an orifice or opening which 
it surrounds. [Gr. sphingo, bind tight.] 

SPHINX (sfingks), t 
w.[pZ.SPHINX'- 
ES.] 1. Egypt. 
Antiq. Monster 
having the 
body of a lion 
and a human 
(male or fe- 
male) head. 
Egyptian 
sphinxes are 
also repre- 
sented with heads of rams and hawks. 2. 
Greek Myth. Winged monster with the head 
of a woman and the body of a lioness. 3. 
Enigmatical person. [Gr.] 

SPICE (spis), n. 1. Aromatic vegetable used for 
seasoning food. 2. Small quantity. 3. That 
which gives piquancy. [O. Fr. espice — L. spe- 
cies, special kind.] 

SPICE (spis), vt. [pr.p. SPI'CING; p.U and p.p. 
SPICED (spist).] 1. Season with spice. 2. 
Add zest to. 

SPICILY (spi'si-li), adv. In a spicy manner. 

SPICINESS (spi'si-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being spicy. 

SPICK AND SPAN (spik and span). Entirely new 
brand-new; hence, spotlessly clean. 

SPICULA(spik'u-la),n. [pi, SPICULE (spik'u-le).l 
Small spike found in 
plants; dart. 

SPICY (spi'si), a. 1. 
Abounding with, or pro- 
ducing spices. 2. Fra- 
grant ; pungent. 3. 
Pointed; racy. 

SPIDER (spi'der), n. 
Small apterous inverte- 
brate animal remarkable 
to take its prey. [Dan. spinder.] 

SPIDER-CRAB (spi'der-krab), w. Spider-like 
crab, with 
long slen- 
der legs; 
sea-spider. 

SPI DER- 
MONKEY 
(spi'der- 
mung-ki), 
^.Tropical 
American 
flat nose 
monkey of Spider-crab (Cyrlomaia smithi) . 

genus Ateles or Braehyteles with long slender 
limbs and prehensile tail. For cut of spider- 
monkey see PREHENSILE. 
SPIGOT (spig'ut), n. Peg or plug for stopping a 
small hole in a cask; plug of a faucet. [Gael. 
spiocaid.] 




for 



Spider. 
spinning webs 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SPIKE 



1036 



SPIRE 



SPIKE (spik), n. 1. Large nail. 2. Ear of 
grain. 3. Cluster of flowers, sessile or issu- 
ing directly from an undivided axis. [L. spica, 
spicus, sharp point.] 

SPIKE (spik), vt. [pr.p. SPIKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPIKED (spikt).] 1. Set or plug with spikes. 
2. Fasten with spikes. 3. Impale on a spike. 

SPIKELET (spik'let), n. Little spike. 

SP1KEBILL (spik'bil), n. 1. See MER- 
GANSER. 2. See GODWIT. 

SPIKEFISH (spik'fish), n. Fish (Histiophorus 
ameticanus) witl long narrow snout, related 
to the swordflsh. 

SPIKENARD (spik'nard), n. 1. Highly aromat- 
ic oil obtained from an Indian plant, of the 
genus Nardus, with spike-shaped blossoms. 
2. The plant itself. 3. Name given to various 
fragrant essential oils. [L. spica nardi.] 

SPIKY (spi'ki), a. 1. Furnished with spikes. 

2. Having a sharp point. 

SPILE (spil), n. 1. Spout; trough. 2. Peg used 
to stop a hole ; spigot. [Dut. spijl.] 

SPILL (spil), v. [pr.p, SPILLING; p.U and p.p. 
SPILLED (spild) or SPILT (spilt).] I. vt. 1. 
Allow to run out of a vessel. 2. Shed, as blood. 

3. Waste. II. vi. 1. Be shed. 2. Be allowed 
to fall ; be wasted. [A. S. spillan, destroy.] 

SPILL (spil), n. 1. Small peg or pin to stop a 
hole; spile. 2. Strip of paper or wood for 
lighting a lamp. [Dut. spil — Ger. spille.] 

SPILLER (spil'er), n. 1. One who spills. 3. 
Kind of fishing-line. 

SPILOGALE (spil'6-gal), n. 
Zool. One of a genus of 
skunks found in the warm- 
er regions of North Amer- 
ica, valuable for their skins. 
[Gr. spilos, spot, and gale, 
weasel.] 

SPIN (spin), v. [pr.p. SPIN- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. SPUN 
(spun). I. vt. 1. Draw out 
twist into threads. 2. 
Draw out tediously. 3. 
Cause to turn with great 
speed; whirl. 4. Draw 
out into fine threads, as 
spiders do their webs. 
II. vi. 1. Draw out and 
twist fiber into threads, 
yarn, etc. 2. Whirl rap- 
idly. 3. Run or drive 
with great speed. [A. S. 
spinnan.] 

SPIN (spin), n. 1. Act of 
spinning; rapid whirl. 2. 
Short rapid ride ; as, a spin 
on a bicycle or in a motor- 
boat. 

SPINACH, SPINAGE (spin 'aj),n. Herb (Spinaeia 
oleracea), used as a vegetable. [O. Fr. espin- 
ache — L. L. spinacia — L. spina, thorn. 1 

SPINAL (spi'nal), o. Pertaining to the backbone. 



jjl 


k 


Hi! 


f Jnl 


$$£»■' Bi 


US J|:::% ; 


i fi 




\\ *? ji 


«. a ^' 


' 1 Ji 


1 1 


jiffyf 


ijtyp^ 


iff! ■ ■■■' §Hr 


ft 


iffigggK 




lojjl 


jjpi 




fXi 


life 


Us- ■ 


HI 




mi 




'ill 


Iff 


lb 





Skin of Spilo- 
gale (Spilogale 
leucoparia)irom 
Texas. 



Ver- 




Spinal- 
cord. 



I. Ventral me- 
dian fissure. 2. 
Ventral root. 

3. Dorsal root. 

4. Dorso-me- 
dian fissure. 5- 
Dorso - lateral 
fissure. 6. Dor- 
sal horn. 7. Reticular forma- 
tion. 8. Lateral horn. 9. Ven- 
tral horn. 10, Dorsal column. 

II. Ventral column. 32-13. Cau- 
da equina. 14. Filum termi- 
nate. 



1. Seven cer- 
vical vertebrae. 

2. Twelve dor- 
sal vertebrae. 

3. Five lumbar 
vertebrae. 4. Sa- 
crum. 5. Coccyx 



SPINAL-COLUMN (spi'nal-kol-um) 
lebral column or back- 
bone. 

SPINAL-CORD (spi'nal- 
kard), n. Elongated 
part of the cerebro- 
spinal axis contained in 
the canal of the spinal 
column. 

SPINDLE (spm'dl), n. 1. 
Pin from which the 
thread is spun or twist- 
ed. 2. Pin on which 
anything turns. 3. Fu- 
see of a watch. [A. S.] 

SPINE (spin), n. 1. Thorn. 
2. Thin, pointed spike, 
especially in fishes. 3. 
Backbone of an animal. 
[O. Fr. espine — L. spi- 
na, thorn.] 

SPINET (spin'et or spin- 
et'), n. Old-fashioned 
keyed instrument like 
the harpsichord. [It. 
spinetta, dim. of spina 
— L. spina, thorn, so 
called from the pointed 
quills used in playing 
on it.] 

SPININESS (spi'ni-nes) , n. 

Quality or state of being spiny. 

SPINNER (spin'er), n. One who or that which 
spins. 

SPINNERET (spin'er-et), n. Organ with which 
insects, such as silk-worms, form their silk 
or webs. 

SPINNING (spin'ing), a. Used in spinning. 

SPINNING-WHEEL (spln'ing-hwel), n. Old- 
fashioned machine worked by hand or foot for 
spinning flax, cotton or wool into threads. 

SPINOSE (spinos), SPINOUS (spl'nus), a. Full 
of spines; thorny. 

SPINSTER (spin'ster), n. Elderly unmarried 
woman. [Lit., woman who spins.] 

SPINTHARISCOPE (spin-thari-skop), n. In- 
strument for observing particles in the act of 
being projected from a radio-active element 
in course of disintegration. [Gr. spintharis, 
spark, and -SCOPE.] 

SPINY (spi'ni), a. Full of spines; thorny; trou- 
blesome. 

SPIRACLE (spir'a-kl), n. 1. Breathing hole, 
as of the whale. 2. Minute passage. [L. 
spiraculum — spiro, breathe.] 

SPIRAL (spi'ral), I. a. 1. Pertaining to or like a 
spire. 2. Winding like the thread of a screw. 
II. n. Spiral line; curve which continually 
recedes from a center about which it revolves; 
screw. 

SPIRALLY (spi'ral-i), adv. In a spiral manner; 
in the manner of a screw. 

SPIRE (spir), n. Stalk of grass; spear; top; sum- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' _, 



SPIRE 



1037 



SPITTOON 



mit; tapering body; steeple. [A. S. spir, stalk; 
Ger. spier, needle.] 

SPIKE (spir), n. Curl; wreath; Hne which 
twists and winds like the thread of a screw; 
upper whorls of spiral shells. [L. spira — Gr. 
speira, coil.] 

SPIRIT (spir'it), n. 1. Vital force; soul. 2. 
Disembodied soul; ghost; sprite. 3. Mental 
disposition; enthusiasm; ardor. 4. Real 
meaning; intention. 5. Very lively person. 
6. Person. 7. Intellectual and moral condi- 
tion. 8. Any volatile, inflammable liquid 
obtained by distillation, as alcohol, brandy, 
etc. — The Spirit, the Holy Spirit, third per- 
son in the Trinity. [L. spiritus, breath.] 

STN. Life; essence; apparition; specter; 
energy; morale; enterprise; zeal; disposi- 
tion; temper. ANT. Substance; body; ma- 
teriality; soullessness ; torpor; timidity. 

SPIRIT (spir'it), vt. [pr.p. SPIRITING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPIR'ITED.] Convey away secretly and 
rapidly, as though by the medium of a spir- 
it; kidnap. 

SPIRITED (spir'it-ed), a. Full of spirit, life, or 
fire; animated. 

SPIRITEDLY (spir'it-ed-li), adv. In a spir- 
ited manner; with spirit or animation. 

SPIRITEDNESS (spir'it-ed-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being spirited. 

SPIRITISM (spir'it-izm), n. Same as SPIRIT- 
UALISM. 

SPIRITLESS (spir'it-les), a. Without spirit, 
cheerfulness, or courage; dejected; dead. 

SPIRITLESSLY (spirit-les-li), adv. In a spirit- 
less manner. 

SPIRIT-LEVEL (spir'it-lev-el), n. Instrument 
for determining the divergence of any surface 
from the plane of the horizon by reading the 
position of an air bubble in a glass tube nearly 
full of alcohol or ether. 

SPIRIT-RAPPING (spir'it-rap-ing), n. General 
name given certain so-called spiritualistic 
manifestations, such as rapping on a table, 
table-turning, and the like. 

SPIRITUAL (spir'it-u-al), a. 1. Consisting of 
spirit ; having the nature of a spirit ; not mate- 
rial. 2. Pertaining to the soul ; holy ; divine ; 
not carnal. 3. Relating to the church; not 
lay or temporal. 

SPIRITUALISM (spir'it-u-al-izm), n. 1. Philo- 
sophical doctrine that nothing is real but soul 
or spirit. 2. Doctrine that spirit has real exist- 
ence apart from matter. 3. Relief that dis- 
embodied spirits communicate with living 
persons through the subconscious minds of 
mediums or psychics by means of automatic 
writing, etc. 

SPIRITUALIST (spir'it-u-al-ist), n. Adherent 
of spiritualism. 

SPIRITUALITY (spir-it-u-al'i-ti), n. 1. State of 
being spiritual. 2. State of a mind turned to 
holy things only. 3. Something pertaining to 
the church or spiritual matters. 




Shell of Spirula (Spi- 
rilla australis). 



SPIRITUALIZE (spir'it-u-al-iz), vt. [pr.p, 
SPIRITUALIZING; p.t. and p.p. SPIRITUAL- 
IZED (spir'it-u-al-izd).] 1. Make spiritual;' 
refine intellectually or morally. 2. Infuse 
spirit or life into. 

SPIRITUALLY (spir'it-u-al-i), adv. 1. In a 
spiritual manner. 2. Like a spirit or spirits. 
3. Ry means of the spirit or soul. 

SPIRITUOUS (spir'it-u-us), a. 1. Possessing 
the qualities of spirit. 2. Containing alcohol; 
intoxicating. 

SPIRT (spert), n. and v. Same as SPURT. 

SpIRULA (spir'6-la), n. Typical genus of the 
family Spirulidw of the 
cephalopods, the highest 
class of the mollusks. 
Spirula australis is a 
species of cuttlefish of 
almost universal distri- 
bution in warm seas, and 
millions of the internal 
shells of these cuttlefishes 
are thrown up on the seashore." 

SPIRY (spir'i), a. Of a spiral form; wreathed. 

SP1RY (spir'i), a. Tapering like a spire or a 
pyramid; abounding In spires. 

SPIT (spit), n. 1. Iron rod on which meat is roast- 
ed. 2. Long, narrow peninsula. [A.S. spitu.] 

SPIT (spit), vt. [pr.p. SPIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPIT'TED.] 1. Thrust a spit through; put 
upon a spit. 2. Thrust through; pierce. 

SPIT (spit), vt. [pr.p. SPIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPIT or SPAT.] Throw out from the mouth? 
eject with violence. [A. S. spittan.] 

SPIT (spit), n. 1. That which is spit or ejected 
from the mouth; saliva; spittle. 2. Act oi 
spitting. 3. Spawn of certain insects. 

SPITBOX (spit'boks), n. Spittoon; cuspidor. 

SPITCHCOCK (spich'kok), vt. [pr.p. SPITCH- 
COCKING; p.t. and p.p. SPITCHCOCKED 
(spich'kokt).] Split lengthwise and broil, as 
a fish or fowl. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SPITE (spit), n. Active ill-will or hatred. — In 
spite of, spite of, notwithstanding. [Short for 
DESPITE.] 

SYN. Malice; malevolence; rancor; ani- 
mosity; pique; grudge; malignity. ANT. 
Good- will; benevolence; kindness. 

SPITE (spit), vt. [pr.p. SPITING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPI'TED.] Disappoint, vex, or annoy with 
malice or ill-will. 

SPITEFUL (spiff ol), a. Desirous to vex or in- 
jure; malignant. 

SPITEFULLY (spiff ol-i), adv. In a spiteful 
manner. 

SPITEFULNESS (spif fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being spiteful. 

SPITFIRE (spiffir), n. Hot-tempered, spiteful 
person. 

SPITTLE (spif 1), w. Mucous substance secreted 
in or thrown from the mouth; saliva. 

SPITTOON (spit-ton'), n. Vessel for receiving 
spittle ; cuspidor. 



< 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



SPITZ 



1038 



SPOKE 



SPITZ (spits), SPITZDOG (spits'dog), n. Breed 

of dog with long hair, mostly pure white, erect 

ears, and pointed nose. [Ger. spitz.] 
SpiTZBERGEN (spits-ber'gen), n. Island, Arctic 

Ocean. 
SPLASH (splash), v, \pr.p. SPLASH'ING; p.t. 

and p.p. SPLASHED (splasht).] I. vt. Spatter 

with water or mud. II. vi. 1. Dash water or 

other liquid about. 2. Dash about in drops. 

[Imitative.] 
SPLASH (splash), n. Act, sound, or result of 

splashing. 
SPLASH-BOARD (splash'bord), n. Board or 

other device used as a protection from splashing. 
SPLASHER (splash'er), n. 1. One who or that 

which splashes. 2. Screen to protect from 

splashing water. 3. Splash-board. 
SPLASHT (splash 1), a. Wet and muddy; slushy. 
SPLATTER (splat'er), v. [pr.p. SPLAT'TERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SPLATTERED (splat'erd).] I. 

vt. Splash; scatter about. II. vi. Make noise 

as in splashing water. 
SPLAT (spla), vi. [pr.p. SPLAYTNG; p.t. and p.p. 

SPLAYED (splad).] 1. Arch. Slope; slant. 2. 

Dislocate, as the shoulder-bone. [Abbr of 

DISPLAY.] 
SPLAY (spla), a. Spreading out; turned outward; 

as, a splay foot. 
SPLAT-FOOTED (spla'fot-ed), a. Having the 

feet turned outward ; having flat feet. 
SPLAT-MOUTHED (spla'mowthd), a. Having 

a wide mouth. 
SPLEEN (splen), n. 1. Spongy body near the 

large extremity of the stomach; milt. 2. Ill- 
humor; melancholy. [L. splen — Gr. splen.] 
SPLENDENT (splen'dent), a. Shining. [L. 

splendens, pr.p. of splendeo, shine.] 
SPLENDID (splen'did), a. Possessing splendor. 

[L. splendidus — splendeo, shine.] 

SYN. Shining; bright; magnificent; 

showy; sumptuous; famous; illustrious. 

ANT. Dull; tame; ordinary. 
SPLENDIDLY ( splen 'did-li), adv. In a splendid 

manner. 
SPLENDIDNESS (splen'did-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being splendid. 
SPLENDOR (splen'dur), n. Brilliance; mag- 
nificence; glory. 
SPLENETIC (sple-net'ik or splen'e-tik), I. a. 

Affected with spleen; peevish; melancholy. II. 

n. Splenetic person. 
SPLENETICALLT (sple-net'ik-al-i), adv. In a 

splenetic manner. 
SPLENIC (splen'ik), a. Pertaining to the spleen. 
SPLENITIS (sple-ni'tis), n. Inflammation of the 

spleen. 
SPLICE (splis), vt. [pr.p. SPLICING; p.*. and p.p. 

SPLICED (splist).] 1. Unite, as two ends of a 

rope, or the ends of two pieces of rope, timber, 

etc., so as to make one continuous piece. 2. 

Join in marriage. (Slang.) [Form of SPLIT.] 
SPLICE (splis), n. 1. Act of splicing. 2. Joint 

made by splicing. 



SPLINT (splint), n. 1. Small piece of wood split 
off. 2. Med. Thin piece of wood, etc., for 
confining a broken or injured limb. 3. Hard 
excrescence on the shank-bone of a horse. 
[From SPLIT.] 

SPLINT (splint), vt. [pr.p. SPLINT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPLINT'ED.] Confine with splints. 

SPLINT-BOTTOMED (splint'bot-umd), a. Hav- 
ing seat made of splints as, a splint-bottomed 
chair. 

SPLINTER (splin'ter), n. Thin, sharp piece of 
wood or other substance split off. [From 
SPLINT.] 

SPLINTER (splin'ter), v. [pr.p. SPLIN'TERING ; 
p.t. and p.p. SPLINTERED (splin'terd).] I. vt. 

1. Split into splinters. 2. Support by means of 
splints. (Rare.) II. vi. Separate into splint- 
ers; become splintered. 

SPLINTERT (splin'ter-i), a. 1. Made of or like 

splinters. 2. Apt to splinter. 
SPLIT (split), v. [pr.p. SPLIT'TING; p.t. and p.p. 

SPLIT.] I. vt. 1. Cleave lengthwise. 2. Tear 

asunder violently. 3. Divide; throw into dis- 
cord. II. vi. Become divided lengthwise. 

[Dan. splitte.] 
SPLIT (split), n. 1. Break; division; schism. 2. 

Crack; rent lengthwise. 3. Piece or portion 

split off; half. 
SPLITTER (split'er), n. One who or that which 

splits. 
SPLOTCH (sploch), n. Daub; stain; spot; smear. 

[From SPOT.] 
SPLOTCHT (sploch'i), a. Marked with splotches 

or daubs. 
SPLURGE (splurj), n. Boisterous or ostentatious 

demonstration or effort. 
SPLURGE (splurj), vi. [pr.p. SPLURGING; p.t. 

and p.p. SPLURGED (splurjd).] Make a dis- 
play ; cut a dash. 
SPLUTTER (splut'er), v. [pr.p. SPLUT'TERING; 

p.t. and p.p. SPLUTTERED (splut'erd).] I. vt. 

Utter hastily and confusedly. II. vi. Speak 

confusedly. [Allied to SPUTTER.] 
SPLUTTER (splut'er), n. Noise of spluttering; 

act of spluttering. 
SPOIL (spoil), n. 1. That which is taken by 

force, especially in war; plunder; booty. 2. 

[pi.] Emoluments of public office, regarded as 

a reward for partisan service. 3. Pillage; 

robbery. 4. Waste material. [L. spolium, 

booty.] 
SPOIL (spoil), v. [pr.p. SPOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

SPOILED (spoild) or SPOELT (spoilt).] I. vt. 1. 

Render useless by injury. 2. Impair or corrupt 

by indulgence or petting. 3. Pillage; plunder; 

rob. II. vi. 1. Become unfit for use; decay. 

2. Practice robbery or pillage. 
SPOILAGE (spoil'aj), n. 1. Spoils collectively. 

2. Print. Waste paper from the presses. 
SPOILER (spoil'er), n. 1. One who corrupts or 

debases. 2. One who robs or plunders. 
SPOKE (spok), v. Past tense of SPEAK. 
SPOKE (spok), n. One of the bars from the nave 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SPOKEN 



1039 



SPORT 




Section of a living sponge. 



to the rim of a wheel. [A. S. spdca. Cf. Ger. 
speiclte.] 

SPOKEN (spo'kn), v. Past participle of SPEAK. 

SPOKESHAVE (spok'shav), n. Plane for dress- 
ing the spokes of wheels. 

SPOKESMAN (spoks'man), n. [pi. SPOKES'- 
MEN.] One who speaks for another, or others. 

SPOLIATION (spo-li-a'shun), n. 1. Act or prac- 
tice of pillaging. 2. Law. Mutilation or de- 
struction of a document to prevent its use as 
evidence. [Fr. — L. spoliatio — spolio, plunder.] 

SPONDAIC (spon-da'ik), a. Pertaining to or con- 
sisting of spondees. 

SPONDEE (spon'de), n. Foot of two long or two 
equally accented syllables. [Gr. spondeios.] 

SPONGE (spunj), n. 1. Porous framework of an 
animal, found 
attached to 
rocks, etc., un- 
der water, re- 
markable for its 
powers of suck- 
ing up water. 

2. An instru- 
ment for clean- 
ing cannon af- 
ter a discharge. 

3. Heel of a 
horse's shoe. 4. Anything like a sponge, as 
bread-dough before kneading, etc. 5. One 
who lives upon others ; parasite. [Gr. spongia.] 

SPONGE (spunj), v. [pr.p. SPONGING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPONGED ( spunj d).l I. vt. 1. Wipe with 
a sponge. 2. Wipe out with a sponge; destroy. 
II. vi. 1. Suck in, as a sponge. 2. Make a 
living by mean tricks, or as a parasite. 

SPONGE-CAKE ( spunj 'kak), n. Very light cake. 

SPONGE-SPICULE ( spunj spik-ul), n. Chalky 
or siliceous little spike 
or needle, as found in 
sponges. 

SPONGINESS (spun'ji- 
nes), n. Quality or 
state of being spongy. ' 

SPONGY (spun'ji), a. 
Soft and porous; wet 
and soft; capable of 
imbibing fluids. 

SPONSAL (spon'sal), a. Pertaining to a be- 
trothal, to a marriage, or to a spouse. [L. 
sponsus, p.p. of spondeo, promise.] 

SPONSON (spon'sun), w. Curved projection from 
the hull of a warship, for admitting of a gun 
to be trained fore or aft. [Etym. doubtful.] 

SPONSOR (spon'sur), n. One who promises 
solemnly for another; surety; god-father or 
god-mother. [L. spondeo, promise.] 

SPONSORIAL (spon-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a 
sponsor, or sponsorship. 

SPONTANEITY (spon-ta-ne'i-ti), n. State or 
quality of being spontaneous. 

SPONTANEOUS (spon-ta'ne-us), a. 1. Volun- 
tary ; acting by one's own impulse or natural 




A 

Sponge-spiculae. 
Pertaining to a 



law. 2. Produced of itself or without inter- 
ference. [L. L. spontaneus — L. sponte, of one's 
own accord.] 

SPONTANEOUSLY (spon-ta'ne-us-li), adv. In 
a spontaneous manner. 

SPOOK (spok), n. Apparition; ghost; belief 
which is the object of a superstitious venera- 
tion. [Dut.] 

SPOOL (spol), n. Hollow cylinder for winding 
thread, cord, yarn, or wire upon. [L. Ger. 
spole.] 

SPOOL (spol), vt. [pr.p. SPOOL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPOOLED (spold).] Wind on a spool or spools. 

SPOON (spon), n. 1. Domestic utensil having a 
shallow bowl at the end of a handle, used for 
conveying food to the mouth. 2. Something 
shaped like the bowl of a spoon. 3. Spoony. 
[A. S. spon.] 

SPOON (spon), vi. {pr.p. SPOON'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPOONED (spond).] Act silly as lovers; be 
spoony. (Colloq.) 

SPOONBILL (spon'bil), n. Bird of the genus 
Platalea belonging to the heron family. — 
Spoonbill sandpiper, species of sandpiper 
(Eurynorhynchus pygmceus), having a spoon- 
shaped bill. [From the shape of the bill.] 

SPOONBILL-CAT (sp6n'bil-kat), n. Kind of 
sturgeon (Polyodon spatula), Mississippi River 
ganoid fish, also called paddle-fish. 




Spoonbill-cat (Polyodon spatula). 

SPOONEY (spon'i), a. and n. Same as SPOONY. 
SPOON-FASHION (spon'fash-un), adv. In the 

manner of packed spoons. 
SPOONFUL (spon'fol), n. [pi. SPOON'FULS.] As 

much as a spoon will contain. 
SPOON-HOOK (sponhok), w. Fishhook having 

a spoon attached. 
SPOONILY (spon'i-li), adv. In a spoony manner. 
SPOONY (spon'i), I. a. Sentimentally silly, as im 

making love; soft. II. n. Sentimentally silly 

lover; ninny; spoon. (Colloq.) 
SPOOR (spor), n. Track or trail of an animal, 

especially when hunted as game. [Dut.] 
SPORADIC (spo-rad'ik), a. Scattered; occurring 

singly. [Gr. speiro, sow.] 
SPORE (spor), n. 1. Minute grain which serves 

as a seed in flowerless plants like the fern. 2. 

Germ; source of being. [Gr. sporos, a sowing, 

seed — speiro, sow.] 
SPORRAN (spor'an), n. Ornamental pouch worn 

in front of the kilt by the Scotch Highlanders. 

[Gael, sporan.] 
SPORT (sport), v. [pr.p. SPORT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. SPORTED.] I. vi. 1. Play; frolic; jest. 2. 

Practice field diversions or betting. 3. Trifle. 

II. vt. 1. Amuse. 2. Exhibit; wear. [Short 

form of DISPORT.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. 



SPORT 



1040 



SPRIGHTLY 



SPORT (sport), n. 1. That which amuses or 
makes merry. 2. Contemptuous mirth; de- 
rision. 3. Anything for playing with; toy; 
idle jingle. 4. Field diversion, as hunting, etc. 
5. Sporting man; gambler. — Make sport of 9 
deride; mock at. 

SYN. Prank; mirth; gamboling; recrea- 
tion; hilarity; jollity; merriment; play; 
frolic; joke; fun; amusement. ANT. Work; 
business; seriousness. 

SPORTIVE (sport'iv), a. Inclined to sport; 
playful; merry. 

SPORTIVELY (sport'iv-li), adv. In a sportive 
manner. 

SPORTIVENESS (sport'iv-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sportive. 

SPORTSMAN (sports'man), n. [pi. SPORTSMEN.] 
One who practices, or one skilled in, field sports. 

SPORTSMANLIKE (sports'man-lik'), a. Befitting 
or becoming a sportsman. 

SPORTSMANSHIP (sports'man-ship), n. Skill 
in sports ; practice of sportsmen. 

SPOT (spot), n. 1. Mark made by something wet; 
blot; discolored place ; small part of a different 
color. 2. Small extent of space; particular 
place. 3. Stain on character or reputation. 
[Prob. from root of SPIT.] 

SPOT (spot), v. [pr.p. SPOTTING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPOT'TED.] I. vt. 1. Mark with drops of 
something wet; stain; discolor. 2. Taint; tar- 
nish, as reputation. 3. Detect in the act. II. 
vi. Be liable to become spotted. 

SPOTLESS (spot'les), a. Without a spot; un- 
tainted; pure. 

SPOTLESSLY (spot'les-li), adv. In a spotless 
manner. 

SPOTLESSNESS (spot'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being spotless. 

SPOT-LIGHT (spotlit), n. 1. Powerful light so 
mounted in a reflector that its rays may be 
readily concentered on any particular spot or 
object; used in a theater, etc. 2. The rays so 
concentered. 

SPOTTED (spot'ed), a. 1. Marked with spots. 
2. Discolored. 

SPOTTER (spot'er), w. One who spots, or detects 
persons in the act of committing offenses. 

SPOUSAL (spow'zal), a. Pertaining to a spouse, 
or to marriage ; nuptial ; matrimonial. 

SPOUSE (spowz), n. Husband or wife. [O. Fr. 
espous (Fr. epoux, fern, epouse) — L. spondeo, 
promise.] 

SPOUT (spowt), v. [pr.p. SPOUTING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPOUT'ED.] I. vt. Throw out in a stream 
as from a pipe. II. vi. 1. Issue with violence 
in a stream as from a pipe. 2. Speak grandil- 
oquently. [Dut. spuiten. Akin to SPIT.] 

SPOUT (spowt), n. 1. Projecting mouth of a 
vessel from which a stream issues. 2. Pipe for 
conducting a liquid. 

SPOUTER (spowt'er), n. One who or that which 
spouts. 

SPRAIN (spran), vt. [pr.p. SPRAIN'ING; p.t. and 



p.p. SPRAINED (sprand).j Overstrain the 
muscles of, as a joint. [O. Fr. espreindre.] 

SPRAIN (spran), n. 1. An excessive straining of 
the muscles of a joint. 2. Condition produced 
by such straining. 

SPRANG (sprang), v. Past tense of SPRING. 

SPRAT (sprat), n. Sea-fish like the herring, but 
much smaller. [Ger. sprotte.] 

SPRAWL (spral), v. [pr.p. SPRAWLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPRAWLED (sprald).] I. vt. Spread un- 
gracefully; straggle. II. vi. 1. Stretch the 
body out carelessly and awkwardly when lying. 
2. Spread out or widen irregularly. [A. S. 
spredwlian, sprawl; cf. Dan. spraelle, sprawl.] 

SPRAWL (spral), n. Act or state of sprawling. 

SPRAY (spra), n. 1. Small particles of water 
driven by the wind, as from the top of waves, 
etc. 2. Any liquid sprayed or dispersed in small 
particles. 3. Atomizer. [Etym. doubtful; 
probably from root of SPREAD.] 

SPRAY (spra), v. [pr.p. SPRAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPRAYED (sprad).] I. vt. 1. Scatter in minute 
or atomized particles. 2. Apply spray to; as, 
spray a wound. II. vi. Scatter a liquid in the 
form of a spray, as with an atomizer. 

SPRAY (spra), n. 1. Small shoot or branch; 
extremity of a branch; twig. 2. The small 
branches of a tree collectively. [Dan. sprag, 
sprig, spray.] 

SPREAD (spred), v. [pr.p. SPREAD 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPREAD.] I. vt. 1. Scatter abroad or in 
all directions. 2. Stretch; extend. 3. Circulate, 
as news. 4. Diffuse ; propagate ; strew. 5. Set 
with provisions, as a table. II. vi. 1. Be ex- 
tended or stretched out. 2. Be propagated or 
made known more extensively. 3. Become 
forced further apart. [A. S. sprcedan.] 

SPREAD (spred), n. 1. Extent; compass; expan- 
sion of parts. 2. Cloth used as a cover. 

SPREAD-EAGLE (spred'e-gl), I. n. Represen- 
tation of an eagle having the wings and legs 
extended on each side of the body. II. a. 1. 
Resembling a spread-eagle. 2. Bombastic. 

SPREAD-EAGLEISM (sprede-gl-izm), n. State 
of being boastful or bombastic ; bombast. 

SPREADER (spred'er), n. One who or that 
which spreads. 

SPREE (spre), n. 1. Merry frolic. 2. Drunken 
frolic. [Ice. spraekr, lively.] 

SPREE (spre), vi. [pr.p. SPREE'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPREED (spred).] Indulge in sprees; 
get drunk. 

SPRIG (sprig), Wo 1. Small shoot or twig. 2. 
Youth; boy. [A. S. spree] 

SPRIG (sprig), vt. ipr.p. SPRIG'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. SPRIGGED (sprigd).] Mark, ornament, 
or work with representation of sprigs. 

SPRIGHTLINESS (sprit'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sprightly. 

SPRIGHTLY (sprit'li), a. Full of life; lively; 
brisk. [From SPRITE, a corrup. of SPIRIT.] 
SYN. Vivacious; gay; brisk; animated; 
spirited. ANT. Somber; dull; lifeless. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SPRING 



1041 



SPUNK 




SPRING (spring), v. [pr.p. SPRINGING; p.t. 
SPRANG (sprang) or SPRUNG (sprung) ; p.p. 
SPRUNG.J I. vi. 1. Bound; leap; rush hastily. 
2. Move suddenly by elastic force. 3. Start up 
suddenly; break forth to appear; issue; come 
into existence. 4. Bend; warp. II. vt. 1. 
Cause to spring up; start. 2. Produce quickly; 
contrive as a surprise. 3. Explode as a mine. 
4. Open, as a leak. 5. Crack, as a mast. 
6. Snap, as a trap. [A. S. springan.] 

SPRING (spring), n. 1. Leap or bound. 2. A fly- 
ing back with elastic force. 3. Elastic power. 
4. Elastic body; contrivance, which, when 
bent or forced from its natural state, has the 
power of recovering it; as, the spring of a 
watch or clock. 5. Any active power; cause; 
origin; source. 6. Outflow of water from 
the earth. 7. Time when plants begin to 
spring up and grow; vernal season; the first 
of the four seasons of the year. 

SPRINGBOK (springbok), n. South African ga- 
zelle, larger 
than a roe- 
buck. [But.] 

SPRINGE 
(sprinj), n. 
Snare with 
a spring- 
noose ; gin. 

SPRINGER 
(spring'er), 
n. Kind of 
dog allied to Springbok (Antidorcus enchore). 

the spaniel, useful for springing or flushing 
game in copses. 

SPRINGFIELD (spring'feld), n. 1. City, capital 
of Illinois. 2. City, Massachussetts, loca- 
tion of U. S. arsenal. 3. City, Missouri. 4. 
City, Ohio. 5. Town, New Jersey. 

SPRINGINESS (springi-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being springy. 

SPRING-TIDE (springtid), n. 1. Tide which 
rises higher than ordinary tides, after new 
and full moon. 2. Season of spring. 

SPRINGY (spring'i), a. 1. Elastic; nimble. 2. 
Abounding with springs or fountains. 

SPRINKLE (spring'kl), v. [pr.p. SPRIN'KLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SPRINKLED (springkld).] I. 
vt. 1. Scatter in small drops or particles. 
2. Scatter on. 3. Baptize with a few drops 
of water; purify. II. vi. 1. Rain in scatter- 
ing drops; rain in fine drops. 2. Fall in fine, 
scattering particles. [A. S. springan, spring.] 

SPRINKLER (spring'kler), n. One who or that 
which sprinkles; device of any kind for sprink- 
ling water, as a street sprinkler, etc. 

SPRINKLING (spring'kling), n. 1. Small quan- 
tity falling in separate drops. 2. Small num- 
ber or quantity sparsely distributed. 

SPRINT (sprint), vi. [pr.p. SPRINTING; p.t. 
and p.p. SPRINT'ED.] Run fast, especially 
in a race. [From root of SPURT.] 

SPRINT (sprint), n. Short run at full speed. 



SPRINTER (sprint'er'), ». One who sprints; 

foot-race runner. 
SPRINT-RACE (sprint'ras), n. Foot-race at 

full-speed and limited to a quarter of a mile. 
SPRIT (sprit), n. Spar set diagonally to extend 

a fore-and-aft sail. [A. S. spredt, pole.] 
SPRITE (sprit), n. Elf; fairy; goblin; spirit; 

ghost. [A corrup. of SPIRIT.] 
SPROCKET (sprok'et), n. Projection on a wheel, 

capstan, etc., for engaging a chain. 
SPROCKET-WHEEL (sprok'et-hwel), n. Wheel 

having sprockets. 
SPROUT (sprowt), v. [pr.p. SPROUTING; p.t. 

and p.p. SPROUT 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to 

begin to grow. 2. Remove the sprouts from. 

II. vi. 1. Begin to grow ; put forth shoots. 2. 

Shoot into ramifications, as a deer's horns. 

[A. S. spreotan.] 
SPROUT (sprowt), n. 1. Shoot or bud of a 

plant. 2. Forestry. Tree which has grown 

from a root or stump. 3. [pi.] Young shoots 

from old cabbages, etc.; Brussels sprouts. 
SPRUCE (spros), a. Dandified; smug; smart; 

jaunty. [Etym. doubtful.] 
SPRUCE (spros), v. [pr.p. SPRU'CING; p.t. and 

p.p. SPRUCED (sprost).] I. vt. Trim or 

dress in a spruce manner. II. vi. Dress one's 

self with affected neatness. 
SPRUCE (spros), SPRUCE-FIR (spros'fer), n. 

Name of several species of coniferous trees. 

[Ger. sprosse, sprout.] 
SPRUCE-BEER (sprosber),n. Fermented liquor 

made from the sprouts of the spruce-fir. 
SPRUCE-BEETLE (spros'be-tl), n. Beetle that 

attacks the living bark of 

spruce, pine, fir, and similar 

trees. 
SPRUCELY (spros'li), adv. In 

a spruce manner; with ex- 
treme or affected neatness. 
SPRUCENESS (spros'nes), n. 

Quality or state of being 

spruce. 
SPRUNG (sprung), v. Past 

tense and past participle of 

SPRUNG. 
SPRY (spri), a. Nimble; ac- 
tive. [Sw. sprygg.\ 
SPUD (spud), n. Narrow 

spade with a short handle. 

[From the root of SPADE.] 
SPUE, v. Same as SPEW. 
SPUME (spurn), n. Scum thrown up by liquids; 

foam. [L. spuma.] 
SPUMOUS (spu'mus), a. Consisting of froth or 

foam; foamy; frothy. 
SPUN (spun), v. Past tense and past participle 

of SPUN. 
SPUN-GOLD (spun'gold), n. Flattened gold, or 

gilded silver-wire, wound on a thread of yel- 
low silk. 
SPUNK (spungk), n. 1. Touchwood; tinder; 

punk. 2. Quick, ardent temper; mettle; 




European Spruce- 
beetle (Dendrocto- 
nus micans). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note ; not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SPUNKIE 



1042 



SQUANDER 



spirit; pluck. [Gael, sponc — L. spongia, 

sponge.] 
SPUNKIE (spungk'i), n. 1. Small flame or fiery 

spark. 2. Ignis fatuus; will-o'-the-wisp. 3. 

Person of irritable temper. [Sc.] 
SPUNKY (spungk'i), a. [comp. SPUNKIER; su- 

perl. SPUNKIEST.] 1. Spirited; plucky; 

fiery. 2. Irritable; touchy. 
SPUN-SILVER (spun'sil-ver), n. Flattened 

silver wire wound round a thread of coarse 

silk. 
SPUR (spur), n. 1. Instrument on a horseman's 

heels, with sharp points for goading the horse. 

2. That which goads or instigates; incite- 
ment; stimulus. 3. Something projecting. 

4. Hard projection on a cock's leg. 5. 

Small range of mountains extending laterally 

from a larger range. [A. S. spora, spura.] 




Ancient Spurs. 

SPUR (spur), v. [pr.p. SPUR'RING ; p.t. and p.p. 

SPURRED (spurd).] I. vt. 1. Urge on with 

spurs ; urge onward ; impel. 2. Put spurs on. 

II. vi. Press forward ; travel in great haste. 
SPURGE (spurj), n. Class of 

acrid plants with a milky 

juice used for taking off 

warts. [O. Fr. espurger — 

L. expurgo.] 
SPURIOUS (spu'ri-us), a. Not 

genuine; false; sham. [L. 

spurius.] 

SYN. Counterfeit; fic- 
titious ; forged. ANT. 

True ;genuine ;authentic. 
SPURN (spurn), vt. [pr.p. 

SPURNING; p.t. and p.p. 

SPURNED (spurnd).] Drive 

away, as with the foot; 

kick; reject with disdain. , aper gpurge 

[A. S. spurnan — root of (Euphorbia lathyris). 

SPUR.] 
SPURT (spurt), v. [pr.p. SPURT'ING; p.t. and 

p.p. SPURT'ED.] I. vt. Force out or eject 

in a sudden stream. II. vi. Spout or gush 

out in a small stream or streams, as blood 

from an artery. [From the root of SPROUT.] 
SPURT (spurt), n. 1. Sudden or violent gush of 

a liquid jet. 2. Sudden and short effort. 




SPUTTER (sput'er), v. [pr.p. SPUT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SPUTTERED (sput'erd).] I. vi. 

1. Spit in small drops, as in rapid speaking. 

2. Speak rapidly and indistinctly. II. vt. 1. 
Throw out with haste and noise. 2. Utter 
hastily and indistinctly. [Akin to SPLUT- 
TER.] 

SPUTTER (sput'er), n. Act of sputtering; noise 
made by sputtering. 

SPUTUM (spu'tum), n. [pi. SPUTA (spu'ta).] 
Spittle. [L.] 

SPY (spi), n. [pi. SPIES (spiz).] 1. One sent 
into an enemy's country or camp to find out 
their strength, etc. 2. One who keeps a 
watch on others. 3. One who secretly con- 
veys information. [O. Fr. espie — espier — L. 
specio, look.] 

SPY (spi), v. [pr.p. SPY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SPIED (spid).] I. vt. 1. Gain sight of; dis- 
cover; espy. 2. Gain knowledge of secretly. 
II. vi. Search narrowly; pry. 

SPYGLASS (spi'glas), n. Small telescope. 

SQUAD (skwob), I. a. 1. Short and stout; 
plump; bulky. 2. Unfledged; unfeathered; 
as, a squab pigeon. II. n. 1. Young pigeon. 
2. Short* fat person. 3. Stuffed cushion. 

SQUADDISH (skwob'ish), a. Thick; fat; heavy. 

SQUADDLE (skwob'l), vi. [pr.p. SQUABBLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SQUABBLED (skwob'ld).] Dis- 
pute noisily; wrangle. [Sw. skvappa, chide.] 

SQUADDLE (skwob'l), n. Noisy, petty quarrel; 
brawl. 

SQUADDLER (skwob'ler), n. One who squab- 
bles. 

SQUAD (skwod), n. 1. Small body of men as- 
sembled for drill. 2. Any small body of per- 
sons. [See SQUADRON.] 

SQUADRON (skwod'run), n. 1. Dody of cavalry 
consisting of two troops. 2. Section of a 
fleet, commanded by a flag-officer. [Orig- 
inally a square of troops. Fr. escadron. See 
SQUARE.] 

SQUALID (skwol'id), a. Filthy; foul; extremely 
dirty. [L. squalidus.] 

SQUALIDLY (skwol'id-li), adv. In a squalid 
manner. 

SQUALIDNESS (skwol'id-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being squalid. 

SQUALL (skwal), vi. [pr.p. SQUALL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUALLED (skwald).] Cry out 
violently. [Ice. skvala, shriek.] 

SQUALL (skwal), n. Loud cry or scream. 

SQUALL (skwal;, n. Sudden gust of wind, or 
vehement succession of gusts, generally ac- 
companied with rain, sleet, or snow. [Sw. 
sqval, rush of water.] 

SQUALLER (skwal'er), n. One who squalls. 

SQUALLY (skwal'i), a. Abounding or disturbed 
with gusts of wind; gusty. 

SQUALOR (skwol'ur or skwa'lur), n. Quality 
or state of being squalid; filthiness. [L. — 
squaleo, be filthy.] 

SQUANDER (skwon'der), vt. [pr.p. SQUAN'- 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/j, in Scotch loch. 



SQUANDERER 



1043 



SQUEEZE 



DERING ; p.t. and p.p. SQUANDERED (skwon'- 

derd).] Spend lavishly and wastefully. [Sw. 

squattra.] 

SYN. Waste; dissipate; scatter. 
SQUANDERER (skwon'der-er), n. One who 

squanders. 
SQUARE (skwar), I. o. 1. Having four equal 

sides and angles. 

2. Forming a right 
angle. 3. Having 
a straight front or 
an outline formed 
by straight lines. 
4. Fair; just; 
honest. 5. Exactly 
suitable ; fitting. 
6. Leaving no 
balance; even. 7. 
Substantial, as a 
square meal. 8. At 
right angles with 
the vessel's keel. 
II. n. 1. That 
which is square ; 
square figure. 2. 
Four-sided space 
inclosed by or cov- 
ered with houses. 

3. Square body of 
troops. 4. Length 

' of the side of any 
figure squared. 5. 
right angles. 6. 
plied by itself, 
make square- 




Squares. 

A and C • Draftsman' s wooden T-squares. 
B. Carpenter's try-square. 

Instrument for measuring 
Product of a quantity multi- 
[O. Fr. esquarre — L. esquadro, 
-quadrus — -quattuor, four.] 

SQUARE (skwar), vt. [pr.p. SQUAR'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUARED (skward).] 1. Form like 
a square; form with four equal sides and an- 
gles. 2. Multiply by itself. 3. Place at right 
angles with the keel. 4. Adjust; settle; balance. 

SQUARELY (skwar'li), adv. In a square manner. 

SQUARENESS (skwar'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being square. 

SQUASH (skwosh), v. [pr.p. SQUASH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUASHED (skwosht).] I. vt. Reat 
or press into a pulp or flat mass; crush. II. 
vi. Become mashed. 
[O.Fr. escacher, crush 
— L. excoacto — ex, 
out,and coac*o,f orce.] 

SQUASH (skwosh), n. 

1. Sudden fall or 
shock of soft bodies. 

2. Anything soft and 
easily crushed; any- 
thing soft or unripe. 

SQUASH (skwosh), n. 

Plant of the genus 

Cucurbita, and its 

fruit, cultivated as 

an article of food. 

[Am. Ind. asquash.] 
SQUASH-BUG (skwosh'bug), 




Red Squash (Cucurbita 
maxima). 

n. Ill-smelling 



insect destructive to squash and pumpkin 
plants. 

SQUASHINESS (skwosh'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being squashy. (Colloq.) 

SQUASHY (skwosh'i), a. Soft and wet; miry; 
pulpy; slushy. (Colloq.) 

SQUAT (skwot), vi. [pr.p. SQUAT'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUAT'TED.] 1. Sit down upon the 
hams or heels; cower, as an animal. 2. Set- 
tle on public or new land without title. [O. 
Fr. esquatir.] 

SQUAT (skwot), a. Short and thick; dumpy. 

SQUATTER (skwot'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which squats; specifically, a settler on new 
land without title. 2. In Australia, one who 
leases pasture land from the government. 

SQUAW (skwa), n. American Indian woman or 
wife. 

SQUAWK (skwak), vi. [pr.p. SQUAWKING; 
p.t. and p.p. SQUAWKED (skwakt).] Utter a 
harsh outcry, as a frightened duck. [Imita- 
tive. 1 

SQUAWK (skwak), n. Harsh outcry. 

SQUAW-MAN (skwa'man), n. 1. Indian man 
who does a squaw's work. 2. White man 
who marries an Indian woman to secure tribal 
rights. 

SQUEAK (skwek), vi. [pr.p. SQUEAKING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUEAKED (skwekt).] Utter a shrill 
and usually short cry. [Imitative.] 

SQUEAK (skwek), n. Sudden shrill cry, as of a 
mouse, pig, etc. 

SQUEAKY (skwek'i), a. [comp. SQUEAK'IER; 
superl. SQUEAK'IEST.] Making a squeaking 
noise; inclined to squeak. 

SQUEAL (skwel), vi. [pr.p. SQUEAL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SQUEALED (skweld).] 1. Utter a 
shrill and prolonged sound. 2. Turn in- 
former; peach. (Slang.) [Sw. sqvala.] 

SQUEAL (skwel), n. Sharp, shrill cry. 

SQUEALER (skwel'er), n. One who or that 
which squeals. 

SQUEAMISH (skwem'ish), a. 1. Sickish at the 
stomach. 2. Easily disgusted or offended; 
over-nice in questions of propriety; finical; 
fastidious. [O. E. swemig, dizzy.] 

SYN. Dainty; qualmish; strait-laced; 
scrupulous; particular. ANT. Easy; indul- 
gent; uncritical. 

SQUEEGEE (skwe- 
je'or skwe'je), n. 1. 
Scrubber, consist- 
ing of a plate of 
soft rubber at the 
end of a handle, 
used for cleaning 
the decks of ships, 
floors, window-panes, etc. 2. Device used by 
photographers for squeezing off superfluous 
moisture, etc. Also called squilgee. [From 
SQUEEZE.] 

SQUEEZE (skwez), v. [pr.p. SQUEEZING; 
p.t. and p.p. SQUEEZED (skwezd).] I. vt. 1. 




Squeegee. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SQUEEZE 



1044 



STAFF 




Squeteague (Cynoscion regalis). 



Crush or press between two bodies. 2. Em- 
brace closely. 3. Force or pass through a 
small hole; cause to pass. II. vi. Force one's 
way by pushing. [A. S. ctvesan.] 

SQUEEZE (skwez), n. Act of squeezing; pres- 
sure. 

SQUEEZER (skwez'er), n. One who or that 
which squeezes. 

SQUELCH (skwelch), vt. [pr.p. SQUELCH 'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. SQUELCHED (skwelcht).] Crush; 
subdue; suppress. 

SQUETEAGUE (skwe-teg'), n. Common weak- 
flsh of the At- 
lantic coast of 
the United 
States. It is 
an excellent 
food-fish. [N. 
Am. Ind.] 

SQUIB (skwib), 

n. 1. Fizzling firecracker. 2. Short satirical 
writing. [M. E. squippen, dart, dash.] 

SQUID (skwid), n. 1. Cuttlefish. 2. Artificial 
bait or weighted hook used in angling. 

SQUILGEE (skwil'je), n. Instrument edged with 
India rubber or leather for scraping water 
from the deck of a ship; squeegee. 

SQUILL (skwll), n. Plant 
or bulb of the genus 
Squilla, allied to the lily, 
an African species of 
which is used in med- 
icine. [Fr. — Gr. skilla.] 

SQUILL (skwil), n. 
Kind of shrimp. 
Mantis. [L. squilla.] 

SQUINT (skwint), I. a. 
Looking obliquely 
askance. 2. Not hav- 
ing the optic axes coincident. II. n. 1. Non- 
coincidence of the optical axes; strabismus. 

3. Act of squinting. 3. Stealthy glance. 

4. Indirect tendency. [Etym. doubtful.] 
SQUINT (skwint), v. [pr.p. SQUINTING; p.t. 

and p.p. SQUINTED.] I. vt. Cause to look 

with a squint. II. vi. 1. Look obliquely. 

3. Have the vision distorted. 3. Look with 

eyes half closed. 
SQUIRE (skwir), n. Popular contraction of 

ESQUIRE. 
SQUIRM (skwerm), vi. [pr.p. SQUIRM'EVG; p.t. 

and p.p. SQUIRMED (skwermd).] Wriggle; 

writhe. [Etym. doubtful.] 
SQUIRM (skwerm), n. Act of 

squirming; wriggling or writh- 
ing. 
SQUIRREL (skwer'el), n. Nimble 

rodent animal with a bushy 

tail. [O.Fr. esquirel (Fr.ecureuil) 

— Gr. skiouros — skia, shade, 

and oura, tail.] 
SQUIRT ( s k w e r t ) , v. [pr.p. 

SQUIRTING; p.t. and p.p. SQUIRT'ED.] 




Squill Plant. 




Squirrel. 



vt. Throw water in a stream from a narrow 
opening. II. vi. Spurt forth. [L. Ger. swirtjen.] 

SQUIRT (skwert), w. 1. Small instrument for 
squirting. 2. Small, quick stream. 

STAB (stab), v. [pr.p. STAB'BEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
STABBED (stabd).] I. vt. 1. Pierce or wound 
with a pointed weapon. 2. Inflict keen pain 
upon. II. vi. 1. Inflict or give a wound with 
a pointed weapon. 2. Inflict keen pain, as 
by unkind words. [Etym. doubtful.] 

STAB (stab), n. 1. Thrust with a pointed weapon. 
2. Wound inflicted with a sharp pointed 
weapon. 3. Treacherous injury. 

STABILITY (sta-bil'i-ti), n. Firmness; steadi- 
ness; immovability. 

STABLE (sta'bl), a. Firmly established; not 
easily overthrown. [L. stabilis — sto, stand.] 

STABLE (sta'bl), n. Building for horses and 
cattle. [O. Fr. estable — L. stabulum.] 

STABLE (sta'bl), v. [pr.p. STA'BLEVG; p.t. and 
p.p. STABLED (sta'bld).] I. vt. Put or keep 
in a stable. II. vi. Dwell in a stable. 

STABLING (stabling), n. 1. Act of putting into 
a stable. 3. Shelter for horses and cattle. 

STACCATO (stak-ka'to), a. Music. Giving an 
abrupt, sharply marked sound to each note. 
[It. staccare for distaccare, separate.] 

STACK (stak), n. 1. Large pile of hay, grain 
in the sheaf, etc. 3. Number of chimneys 
together. 3. Single tall chimney; smoke- 
stack. 4. Set of book-shelves. [Dan. stak.] 

STACK (stak), vt. [pr.p. STACK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STACKED (stakt).] 1. Make into a pile 
or stack. 3. Card-playing. Arrange un- 
fairly; as, to stack the cards in shuffling. — 
Stack arms, set up, with bayonets or stack- 
ing-swivels engaged, three rifles forming a 
firm tripod. 

STACKING-SWIVEL (stak'ing-swiv-1), n. 
Open metal link at the upper band of a mil- 
itary rifle used in stacking arms. 

STADIUM (sta'di-um), n. [pi. STA'DIA.] 1. 
Greek measure of 135 paces, equal to 606 feet 
9 inches English. 3. Greek course for foot- 
races. 3. Stage of a disease. [Gr. stadion.] 




Stadium. 

STADIUM-MOTORDROME (sta'di-um-mo- 
tur-drom), n. Circular racecourse for motor- 
cycles, sloping downwards toward the center, 
and flanked by rising tiers of seats for 
spectators. See cut under MOTORDROME. 

STAFF (staf), n. [pi. STAFFS (stafs) or STAVES 
(stavz).] 1. Stick carried for support or de- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u.=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



STAFF 



1045 



STAKE 



fense; a prop. 2. Long piece of wood; pole; 
flagstaff. 3. Long handle of an Instrument. 4. 
Stick or ensign of authority. 5. [pi. STAFFS.] 
The five lines and spaces for music; stanza. 6. 
Officers and non-commisslohed officers aiding 
a commanding line officer; any similar es- 
tablishment, as the editors of a newspaper, 
teachers of a school, etc. [A. S. stcef. Cf. 
Ger. stab.] 

STAFF (staf), vt. [pr.p. STAFF'ING; p.U and p.p. 
STAFFED (staft).] Furnish with a staff or 
corps of executive officers; as, to staff a pub- 
lishing establishment with a corps of trained 
editors. 

STAFF (staf), n. 1. Plastic composition, con- 
sisting chiefly of plaster of Paris, cement and 
glycerin, and used as a substitute for stone in 
architectural decoration and statuary. 2. 
Plaster prepared in the form of portable slabs 
for nailing on frames. [It. stoffa, stuff.] 

STAFF-TREE (staf'tre), n. Tree or vine of 
the genus Celastrus one species of which 
is the bittersweet. 

STAG (stag), n. 1. Male of the red deer in his 
fifth year. 2. Male of any species of deer. 
3. Male of any animal. — Stag party, social 
gathering where only men are present. [Ice. 
steggr, male animal.] 

STAG-BEETLE (stag'be-tl), n. Beetle the male 
of which has mandibles like a stag's horns. 

STAGE (staj), n. 1. Elevated platform, espe- 
cially in a theater. 2. Theater; theatrical 
representations. 3. Any place of exhibition 
or performance. 4. Place of rest on a jour- 
ney or road. 5. Distance between places. 6. 
Stagecoach. [O. Fr. estage (Fr. etage, story of 
a house) — L. sto, p.p. status, stand.] 

STAGE (staj), vt. [pr.p. STA'GING; p.U and p.p. 
STAGED (stajd).] 1. Mount and exhibit as, a 
play; put on the stage. 2. Place or set on a 
stage or platform. 

STAGECOACH (staj'koch), n. Coach that runs 
regularly with pas- 
sengers from stage 
to stage. 

STAGE-PLATER 
(staj'pla-er), n. 
Player on the ' 
stage. 

STAGER (sta'jer), n 

I. Player. 2. One 
who has lived long; 
used with old. 

STAGE-STRUCK (staj'struk), a. Filled with de- 
sire to go on the stage; passion for the drama. 

STAGGER (stag'er), v. [pr.p. STAG'GERING; 
p.U and p.p. STAGGERED (stag'erd).] I. 
vi. 1. Reel from side to side. 2. Begin 
to give way. 3. Begin to doubt; hesitate. 

II. vt. 1. Cause to reel. 2. Cause to doubt 
or hesitate. 3. Shock. [Ice. stakra, totter.] 

STAGGER (stag'er), n. Sudden motion of totter- 
ing or reeling as if about to fall. 




Stagecoach. 
man of experience, often 




Staggerbush (Pieria 

mariana) . 



STAGGERBUSH (stager-bush), n. Shrub Pieris 
mariana, popularly sup- 
posed to cause the stag- 
gers in cattle or horses 
which eat its leaves. 

STAGGERS (stag'erz), n. 
Disease of horses and 
cattle, causing them to reel 
and fall suddenly. 

STAGHOUND (stag'hownd), 
n. Hound used in hunt- 
ing the stag or deer. 

STAGING (sta'jing), n. Scaf- 
fold for workmen in build- 
ing. 

STAGNANT (stag'nant), a. 
I. Not flowing; motionless; 
dull. 2. Impure, from being 
motionless. [L. stagnans. See STAGNATE.) 

SYN. Inert; sluggish; torpid; quiescent. 
ANT. Flowing; circulating; lively; rapid. 

STAGNANTLY (stag'nant-li), adv. In a stag- 
nant manner. 

STAGNATE (stag'nat), vi. [pr.p. STAG'NATING; 
p.t. and p.p. STAG'NATED.] Cease to flow; 
become dull or motionless. [L. stagnum, 
pool.] 

STAGNATION (stag-na'shun), n. Quality or 
state of being stagnant; torpidity. 

STAGY (sta'jl), a. Theatrical; insincere In man- 
ner; showy; spectacular. 

STAID (stad), a. Steady; sober; grave. (From 
STAY.] 

STAID, STAYED (stad), v. Past tense and past 
participle of STAY. 

STAIDLY (stad'li), adv. In a staid, sober, or 
sedate manner. 

STAIDNESS (stad'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being staid. 

STAIN (stan), v. [pr.p. STAIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STAINED (stand).] I. vt. 1. Tinge; color; 
dye ; especially a solid, as wood, glass, etc. 2. 
Discolor; spot; tarnish. 3. Mark with guilt 
or infamy; bring reproach on. II. vi. 1. 
Cause a stain. 2. Become stained or dis- 
colored. [Abbr. of DISTAIN.] 

STAIN (stan), n, 1. Discoloration; spot. 2. 
Taint of guilt; cause of reproach; shame. 

STAINED (stand), a. 1. Having a stain or 
stains. 2. Produced by staining. — Stained 
glass, glass painted on the surface with min- 
eral pigments, which are afterwards fused 
and fixed by the application of heat. 

STAINLESS (stan'les), o. Without, or free 
from, stain. 

STAIR (star), n. 1. One step for ascending to a 
higher level. 2. Series of such steps. 3. 
[pi.] Flight of steps. [A. S. st&ger — stigan, 
ascend. Cf. Ger. steigen.] 

STAIRCASE (star'kas), STAIRWAY (star'wa), 
n. Flight of stairs with balusters, etc. 

STAKE (stak), n. 1. Strong stick or post, 
pointed at one end. 2. Post to which an 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, btirn, 



STAKE 



1046 



STAMP 




Stalactites and 
Stalagmites. 



animal is tied, or to which a martyr was tied 
to be burned. 3. Martyrdom. 4. Anything 
pledged in a wager. [A. S. staca.} 

STAKE (stak), vt. [pr.p. STA'KING; p.t. and 
p.p. STAKED (stakt).] 1. Fasten or pierce 
with a stake. 2. Mark the bounds of with 
stakes. 3. Wager; hazard. 

STALACTIC (sta-lak'tik), STALACTITIC (stal- 
ak-tit'ik), a. Having the form or properties 
of a stalactite. 

STALACTITE (sta-lak'tit), n. Cone of carbo- 
nate of lime, hanging like an 
icicle, in a cavern, formed by 
the dripping of water contain- 
ing carbonate of lime. [Gr» 
stalaso, drip.] 

STALAGMITE (sta-lag'mit), n. 
Cone of carbonate of lime on 
the floor of a cavern, formed by 
the dripping of water from the 
roof. [Gr. stalazo, drip.] 

STALAGMITIC (stal-ag-mit'ik), 

o. Having the form or properties of a stalag- 
mite. 

STALE (stal), a. 1. Tainted; vapid or tasteless 
from age; no longer fresh; trite. 2. Not new. 
3. Worn out by age ; decayed. [Etym. doubt- 
ful.] 

STALEMATE (stal'mat), n. Chess. Position of 
the king, when, though not in check, he 
cannot move without being exposed to check, 
and when there is no other piece that can be 
moved. In such a case the game is consid- 
ered as drawn. [A. S. statu, theft, and 
MATE.] 

STALEMATE (stal'mat), vt. [pr.p. STALE'MA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. STALE'MATED.l 1. 
Chess. Subject to a stalemate. 2. Push or 
drive into a corner ; bring to a standstill. 

STALENESS (stal'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being stale. 

STALK (stak), n. 1. Stem of a plant. 2. Stem 
on which a flower or fruit grows. 3. Stem of 
a quill. 4. Slender shaft or handle. [Ice. stilkr.] 

STALK (stak), v. [pr.p. STALK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STALKED (stakt).] I. vi. 1. Walk with 
long, slow steps. 2. Walk behind a stalk- 
ing-horse. 3. Pursue game by approaching 
behind covers. II. vt. Approach secretly in 
order to kill, as deer. [A. S. staelcan, walk 
stealthily.] 

STALKER (stak'er), w. 1. One who stalks. 2. 
Kind of fishing-net. 

STALKING-HORSE (stak'ing-hars), n. 1. 
Horse behind which a hunter hides. 2. Mask ; 
pretense. 

STALL (stal), n. 1. Division of a stable for a 
single animal. 2. Booth or stand where arti- 
cles are exposed for sale. 3. Compartment 
seat in a theater. 4. Fixed seat in English 
churches and cathedrals for use of canons and 
prebends. 5. Working compartment in a 
mine. [A. S. steal.] 




STALL (stal), v. [pr.p. STALL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STALLED (staid).] I. vt. 1. Put or keep in 
a stall or stable. 2. Furnish with stalls. 3. 
Bring to a standstill, as by a plunge into a 
snow-bank or mire. II. vi. 1. Be brought to 
a standstill; stick fast. 2. Be tired of eating, 
as cattle. 3. Kennel, as dogs. 

STALL (stal), n. Confederate of a thief or sharp- 
er. (From obs. stale, bait, decoy, snare— 
A.S. stalu, theft.] 

STALL-FED (started), a. Fed or fattened in a 
stall or stable. 

STALLION (stal'yun), n. Male horse kept for 
breeding purposes. [Fr. estalon — O. Ger. stall, 
stable.] 

STALWART (stal'wart, or stal'wart), I. a. 
Stout; strong; sturdy. II. n. Stanch par- 
tisan. [A. S. st&lwyrthe, trustworthy.] 

STALWARTLY (staj'wart-li), adv. In a stal- 
wart manner. 

STALWARTNESS (stal'wart-nes), w. Quality 
or state of being stalwart. 

STAMEN (sta'men), n. [pi 
gan of a flower which 
produces the pollen. 

STAMINA (stam'i-na), n. 1. 
Fixed, firm part of a body. 

2. Staying power; vigor; 
virility; backbone. 3. A 
rare plural of STAMEN. 

STAMMER (stam'er), v. [pr. 
p. stammering; p.t. 

and p.p. STAMMERED 
(stam'erd).] I. vt. Utter 
or pronounce with hesita- 
tion or imperfectly; fre- 
quently with out. II. vi. 
1. Speak with stops or 
difficulty ; stutter. 2. Speak imperfectly or 
like a child. [A. S. stamur, stammering.] 

STAMMER (stam'er), «. Defective or imper- 
fect utterance or speech. 

STAMMERER (stam'er-er), n. One who stam- 
mers. 

STAMMERING (stam'er-ing), a. Hesitating in 
speech. 

STAMMERINGLY (stam'er-ing-li), adv* In a 
stammering manner. 

STAMP (stamp), v. [pr.p. STAMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. STAMPED (stampt).] I. vi. Plant the 
foot firmly down. II. vt. 1. Strike with the 
sole of the foot, by thrusting it down. 2. 
Impress with some mark or figure; imprint. 

3. Coin; form. 4. Affix an adhesive stamp 
to. 5. Crush, as ores. [A. S. stempan.] 

STAMP (stamp), n. 1. Act of stamping. 2. Mark 
made by pressing. 3. Instrument for making 
impressions. 4. Small piece of paper to be 
attached to a paper, letter, document or article, 
in order to show that a duty, tax or charge 
has been paid. 5. Cast; form; character 
Heavy hammer worked by machinery f 
crushing metal ores. 



Stamens. 

J. Cardoon thistle. 2. Flow- 
er of tulip-tree. 3. Rice. 
4. Whortleberry. 6. Glade 
Mallow 6. Hippocratea. 
7. Thyme. 8- Leek. 9. 
Spanish-broom. 10. Helle- 
bore. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=t* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



STAMPEDE 



1047 



STANZA 



SYN. Make; kind; mold; type; impress; 
impression; print; imprint. 

STAMPEDE (stam-ped'), n. Sudden fright seiz- 
ing on large bodies of horses, cattle, etc., caus- 
ing them to run away; flight caused by panic. 
[Sp. estampida, crash.] 

STAMPEDE (stam-ped'), v. [pr.p. STAMPE'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. STAMPEDED.] I. vt. 
Cause to start off in a panic. II. vi. Take to 
sudden flight, as in a panic. 

STAMPER (stamp'er), n. 1. One who stamps. 
2. Instrument for stamping. 

STAMPING-GROUND (stamp'ing-grownd), n. 
Scene of one's exploits, or favorite resort. 

STANCH (stanch), STAUNCH (stanch), v. [pr.p. 
STANCHING; p.t. and p.p. STANCHED 
(stancht).] I. vt. Stop the flowing of, as 
blood. II. vi. Cease to flow. (O. Fr. estan- 
cher — L. stagno, stagnate.] 

STANCH (stanch), STAUNCH (stanch), a. 1. 
Firm in principle; steady; trustworthy. 2. 
Strong and tight; as, a stanch vessel. 

SYN. Faithful; unswerving; reliable; 
steadfast; sound; strong; seaworthy. ANT. 
Untrustworthy ; vacillating ; unreliable ; 
leaky; precarious; unseaworthy. 

STANCH (stanch), STAUNCH (stanch), n. Flood 
gate for accumulating a head of water in a 
river to float boats over shallows, when it is 
allowed to escape. [O. Fr. estanche, pool.] 

STANCHION (stan'shun), n. Upright beam used 
as a support; pillar; post. [O. Fr. estancon.] 

STANCHLY (stanch'li), STAUNCHLY (stanch'- 
li), adv. In a stanch manner. 

STANCHNESS (stanch'nes), STAUNCHNESS 
(stanch'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
stanch. 

STAND (stand), v. [pr.p. STAND'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STOOD (stod).] I. vi. 1. Be fixed in an 
upright position. 2. Occupy a certain posi- 
tion. 3. Be at rest. 4. Be in a particular 
state, position or rank. 5. Remain fixed 
or firm. G. Endure. 7. Offer one's self as a 
candidate. II. vt. 1. Set upright. 2. En- 
dure; sustain; bear; resist. — Stand pat, play 
a poker hand without trying to improve it 
by drawing new cards; adhere to an un- 
changed party policy; applied specifically to 
tariff for protection of home industries. [A. S. 
and Goth, standan. Cf. L. st o, and Sans, root 
stha, stand.] 

STAND (stand), n. 1. 
Place where one re- 
mains for any purpose. 
2. Platform for spec- 
tators. 3. Something on 
which anything rests; 
small table. 4. Stop; 
difficulty. 5. Complete 
set, as of arms. 

STANDARD ( stand 'ard), 

I. n. 1. That which stands or is fixed, as 
a rule or model. 2. Upright post of a truss. 




Standard of China. 



3. Staff with a flag; flag. II. a. 1. Accord- 
ing to, or serving as, a standard. 2. Having 
a fixed or recognized value. [O. Fr. esten- 
dard — L. extendo, stretch out.] 

STANDARD-BEARER (standard-bar-er), w. 1. 
Officer or soldier of a military body that bears 
a standard. 2. Party-leader. 

STANDARDIZE (stand'ard-iz), vt. [pr.p. 

STANDARDIZING; p.t. and p.p. STANDARD- 
IZED (stand'ard-Izd).] Bring up to, or recog- 
nize as, a standard. 

STANDBY (stand'bi), n. 1. Supporter. 2. Re- 
liable support. 

STANDER (stand'er), n. One who stands. 

STANDFAST (standfast), n. That which stands 
firm, or is strongly fixed or rooted. 

STANDING (stand'ing), I. a. 1. Established; 
permanent. 2. Stagnant. 3. Being erect. 
II. n. 1. Continuance; existence. 2. Place 
to stand in. 3. Position in society; rank; 
reputation. 

STANDISH (stand'ish), n. Standing dish for pen 
and ink. [STAND and DISH.] 

STAND-OFF (stand'af), n. Drawn game; draw; 
tie. (Colloq.) 

STAND-PAT (stand-pat), a. Of, pertaining to, 
or characterized by, stand-pattism. (Slang.) 

STAND-PATTER (stand-pater), n. One who 
stands by the traditional policy or principles of 
his party irrespective of changed conditions; 
specifically in the United States, a Repub- 
lican who strongly favors a protective tariff. 
(Slang.) 

STAND-PATTISM (stand-pat'izm), n. Conduct 
or policy of the stand-patters. (Slang.) 

STANDPIPE (stand'pip), n. 1. Vertical pipe 
of sufficient height to give a head to water 
pumped into it, for supplying elevated points 
at a distance. 2. Vertical pipe attached to a 
building to supply water to upper part in case 
of fire. 3. Portable vertical water-pipe for 
use in extinguishing fires. 4. Boiler sup- 
ply pipe of sufficient elevation to enable the 
water to flow into the boiler against the pres- 
sure of the steam. 

STANDPOINT (standpoint), n. Position from 
which things are viewed ; point of view. 

STANDSTILL (stand'stil), n. State of rest; stand; 
stop; halt. 

STANHOPE (stan'hdp), n. Light carriage with- 
out a top. [From Mr. Stanhope, its contriver.] 

STANNARY (stan'a-ri), I. a. Of or relating to 
tin mines or works. II. n. Tin mine. [L. 
stannum, tin.] 

STANNIC (stan'ik), a. Pertaining to, or pro- 
cured from, tin, especially in its higher valence. 

STANNOUS (stan'us), a. Pertaining to combina- 
tions of tin in its lower valence. 

STANZA (stan'za), n. 1. Poetry. Series of lines 
or verses connected with and adjusted to each 
other. 2. Division of a poem containing 
every variation of measure in the poem. [It. 
stanza, stop — L. stans, pr.p. of sto, stand.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



STAPES 



1048 



STARK 



STAPES (sta'pez), n. Stirrup-shaped bone in the 
ear. [L. L„ stirrup.] 

STAPLE (sta'pl), I. n. 1. Principal production 
or industry of a district or country. 2. Prin- 
cipal element. 3. Thread of textile fabric. 
4. Unmanufactured material. 5. Loop of 
iron for holding a pin, bolt, etc. II. a. 1. 
Established in commerce. 2. Regularly pro- 
duced for market. [A. S. staffel, prop, table.] 

STAPLER (stapler), n. Wool sorter. 

STAR (star), n. 1. One of the bright bodies in 
the heavens (excepting sun and moon). 2. 
Representation of a star. 3. Person of bril- 
liant attractive qualities, especially an actor 
or actress. 4. Asterisk. [A. S. steorra.] 

STAR (star), vi. [pr.p. STARRING; p.t. and p.p. 
STARRED (stard).] 1. Shine, as a star; at- 
tract attention. 2. Appear as a leading actor 
or actress. — Stars 
and stripes, Ameri- 
can flag. 

STAR-APPLE (star'- 
ap-1), n. West In- 
dian tree with golden 
down on the under 
side of its leaves; 
the internally star- 
shaped fruit thereof. 

STARBOARD (star'- 
bord), I. n. Right- 
hand side of a ship, 
looking toward the 
bow. II, a. Per- 
taining to or lying on 
the right side of a ship. [A. S. steorbord — 
steor, rudder, and bord, side.] 

STAR-CARAMBOLA(star-kar-am-bdla),n.East 
Indiantree 
(Averrhoa 
carambo- 
la), with 
sensitive 
leaves and 
sour fruit 
eaten by 
the n a - 
t 1 v e s. 

[Port. — E. 

j n( j i Star-carambola (Averrhoa carambola). 

STARCH (starch), n. 1. Glistening white vege- 
table powder, an organic compound with the 




Star-apple (Chrysophyllum 
cainito) . 





Starch Cells of the Potato. 

1- Raw potato. 2. Halt cooked potato. 3. Potato fully cooked. 

chemical formula C 6 H, O 5 or a multiple 
thereof, forming when wet a sort of gum much 



used as food, for stiffening cloth, etc. 2. Stiff- 
ness; formal manner. [A. S. stearc, strong.] 

STARCH (starch), vt. [pr.p. STARCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. STARCHED (starcht).] Stiffen with 
starch. 

STAR-CHAMBER (star'cham-ber), n. 1. For- 
merly an English court of civil and criminal 
jurisdiction at Westminster. 2. Any tribu- 
nal that proceeds unfairly or arbitrarily in 
sessions from which the public is excluded. 

STARCHED (starcht), a. Stiffened with starch. 

STARCHEDLY (starch'ed-li), adv. In a starched 
manner. 

STARCHEDNESS (starch'ed-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being starched. 

STARCHER (starch'er), n. One who or that 
which starches. 

STARCHLY (starch'li), adv. In a starchy, stiff, 
or formal manner. 

STARCHY (starch'i), a. 1. Consisting of or like 
starch. 2. Formal in manner; precise; prim. 

STAR-DRIFT (star'drift), n. Astron. Com- 
mon real (not merely apparent) motiofMof 
several fixed stars in a certain region of the 
heavens. 

STARE (star), v. [pr.p. ST AR'ING ; p.t. and p.p. 
STARED (stard).] I. vi. Look with a fixed 
gaze, as in horror, astonishment, etc. II. vt. 
1. Influence by gazing. 2. Gaze at with bold 
or vacant expression. [A. S. starian.] 
SYN. Gape ; gaze ; eye. 

STARE (star), n. Fixed look with eyes wide 
open. 

STARFISH 
(star 'fish), ». 
Marine ani- 
mal having 
five or more 
radially dis- 
posed arms 
or rays. 

STAR-GAZER 
(star'ga-zer), 
1. One who 
gazes at the 
stars; astrol- 
oger; astron- 
omer. 2. Fish 
whose eyes 
are placed on 
the top of its 
head, as the 
Uranoscopus 
anop lusoi the 

Atlanticcoast Hawaiian Starfish (Brisinga 

of the United States. vano V la). 

STARING (staring), a. 1. Looking with fixed 
eyes. 2. Glaring; as staring colors. 

STARINGLY (star'ing-li), adv. In a staring 
manner. 

STARK (stark), I. a. 1. Stiff; rigid. 2. Abso- 
lute; entire; utter. II. adv. Absolutely; 
completely. [A. S. stearc, strong.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
*i=u in Scotch aude: oil. owl. then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STARLIGHT 



1049 



STATION 




STARLIGHT (star'lit), n. Light emitted by the 
stars. 

STARLING (star'- 
liag), n. 1. Euro- 
pean bird, easily 
tamed. 2. A some- 
what similar A mer- 
ican bird. [Ger. 
staar,] 

STARLING (Star'- Starling. 

ling), n. Ring or inclosure of piles to keep out 
the water; cofferdam. [Dan. stoer, pole.] 

STARRED (stard), a. Adorned or studded with 
stars. 

STARR1NESS (star'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being starry. 

STARRY (star'i), a. 1. Abounding or adorned 
with stars. 2. Consisting of or proceeding 
from the stars; stellar. 3. Like or shining 
like the stars. 

START (start), v. [pr.p. START'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. START'ED.] I. vi. 1. Move suddenly, 
as if by a twitch or involuntary shrinking; 
wince. 2. Begin. 3. Become loose. II. vt. 

1. Cause to move suddenly. 2. Disturb sud- 
denly; rouse suddenly from concealment. 3. 
Set in motion; call forth; invent or discover. 
4. Move suddenly from its place; loosen. 5. 
Empty; pour out. [L. Ger. steerten, flee.] 

START (start), n. 1. Sudden motion of the body. 

2. Sudden rousing to action; unexpected 
movement; sally; sudden fit. 3. First mo- 
tion from a point or place ; outset. 

STARTER ( start 'er), n. One who or that which 
starts. 

STARTLE (start '1), v. [pr.p. START'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. STARTLED (start'ld).] 1. vi. 1. 
Start or move suddenly. 2. Feel sudden 
alarm. II. vt. Excite suddenly; frighten; 
shock. [Extension of START.] 

STARTLING (start 'ling), a. Impressing sud- 
denly with fear or surprise. 

STARTLINGLY (start'ling-li), adv. So as to 
startle ; in a startling manner. 

STARVATION (star-va/shun), n. Act of starv- 
ing ; state of being starved. 

STARVE (starv), v. [pr.p. STARVING; p.t. and 
p.p. STARVED (starvd).] I. vi. 1. Die of 
hunger. 2. Suffer extreme hunger or want. 

3. Be in want of anything necessary. II. vt. 

1. Kill with hunger; destroy by want. 2. 
Deprive of strength; disable. [A. S. steorfan, 
die.] 

STARVELING (starv'ling), I. a. Perishing from 
hunger; lean; weak. II. n. Pining animal or 
plant. 

STARWORT (star'wurt), n. Bot. Plant of the 
genus Aster. 

STATE (stat), I. n. 1. Condition or circum- 
stances of a being or thing at any given time. 

2. Royal or gorgeous pomp; appearance of 
greatness. 3. Estate; body of men forming 
a division of the government. 4. People 



united into one body politic; commonwealth. 
5. [S-] In the United States one of the federated 
commonwealths composing the Union. 6. 
Power wielded by the government of a coun- 
try; civil power, often as contrasted with the 
church. II. a. 1. Public ; relating to the 
body politic. 2. [S-] Of or pertaining to one 
of the United States. [O. Fr. estat — L. status.] 

STATE (stat), vt. [pr.p. STATING; p.t. and p.p. 
STATED.] 1. Set; settle; establish. 2. Ex- 
press the particulars of; set down in detail or 
in gross. 

STATECRAFT (stat'kraft), n. State manage- 
ment; statesmanship. 

STATED (stated), a. 1. Settled; established; 
fixed; regular. 2. Named. 

STATEHOUSE (stat'hows), n. Building in 
which the legislature of a state convenes; 
capitol of a state. 

STATELINESS (stat'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stately. 

STATELY (stat'li), a. Showing state or dignity; 
majestic; grand. 

STATEMENT (stat'ment), n. 1. Act of stating. 
2. That which is stated; narrative; recital. 

STATEN (stat'en) ISLAND. Island separating 
upper and lower New York Bays. Area 58 
sq. m. 

STATE-PAPER (stat'pa-per), n. Official docu- 
ment relating to affairs of state. 

STATE-PRISON (stat'priz-n), n. 1. Peniten- 
tiary. 2. Prison for political offenders. 

STATE-PRISONER (stat'priz-n-er), n. 1. Pris- 
oner confined for offenses against the State. 
2. Penitentiary convict. 

STATEROOM (stat'rom), w. 1. Stately room in 
a palace or mansion. 2. Sleeping apartment 
in a passenger steamer or sleeping-car. 

STATESMAN (stats'man), n. [pi. STATES'MEN; 
fern. STATESWOMAN (stats'wom-an).] One 
skilled in government and public affairs. 

STATESMANLIKE ( stats 'm an -lik), a. Like a 
statesman. 

STATESMANLY (stats'man-li), a. Statesman- 
like; befitting a statesman. 

STATESMANSHIP (stats 'man-ship), w. Po- 
litical skill or experience ; statecraft. 

STATESWOMAN ( stats 'wQm-an), n. [pi. 
STATESWOMEN (stats'wim-en).] Woman 
skilled in statecraft. 

STATIC (stat'ik), STATICAL (stat'ik-al), a. 1. 
Pertaining to statics. 2. Pertaining to bod- 
ies at rest or in equilibrium. 3. Acting by 
mere weight. — Statical electricity* electricity 
produced by friction and analogous means, 
the phenomena of which are mostly statical. 
[Gr. statikos, pertaining to standing — statos — 
histemi, stand.] 

STATICS (stat'lks), n. Science which treats of 
the relations of stresses and strains, .or of 
the action of force in maintaining rest or 
equilibrium. 

STATION (sta'shun), n. 1. Place where a person 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. 



STATION 



1050 



STEAL 



or thing stands. 2. Post assigned; position; 
office; situation. 3. State; rank; condition In 
life. 4. Place where railway train comes to a 
stand. 5. District or branch post-office. [Fr. 
station — L. stationem, accus. of statio, a stand- 
ing still — sto, stand.] 

STATION (sta'shun), vt. [pr.p. STA'TIONING; 
p.t. and p.p. STATIONED (sta'shund).] Assign 
a station to; appoint to a post, place or office. 

STATIONARY (sta'shun-a-rl), a. 1. Standing; 
fixed; settled. 2. Acting from or in a fixed 
position (as an engine). 3. Not progressing 
or retrogressing; not improving. 

STATIONER (sta'shun-er), n. One who sells 
articles used in writing. [Originally a book- 
seller, from occupying a stall or station In a 
market-place.] 

STATIONERY (sta' shun- er-i), I. ». Articles 
sold by stationers; writing materials. II. a. 
Pertaining to or sold by stationers. 

STATIST (statist), n. Statistician. 

STATISTIC (sta-tis'tik), STATISTICAL (sta-tis'- 
tlk-al), a. Pertaining to or containing statis- 
tics. 

STATISTICALLY (sta-tis'tik-al-1), adv. In a 
statistical manner; by means of statistics. 

STATISTICIAN (stat-is-tish'an), n. One skilled 
in the science of statistics* 

STATISTICS (sta-tis'tiks), n. 1. Collection of 
facts and figures regarding the condition of a 
people, class, etc. 2. Science which treats of 
the collection and arrangement of statistics. 
[From STATE.] 

STATUARY (stat'u-a-ri), n. [pi. STAT'UARIES.] 
1. Art of carving statues. 2. Statue or a col- 
lection of statues. 3. One who makes, or 
deals in, statues. [L. statuarius.] 

STATUE (stat'u), n. Likeness of a living being 
carved out of some solid substance; image. 
[L. statua — sto.] 

STATUESQUE (stat-u-esk'), a. Like a statue. 
[Fr.] 

STATUETTE (stat-u-ef), n. Small statue. 

STATURE (stat'ur), n. Height of an animal body; 
used especially of man. [L. statura.] 

STATUS (status), n. State; condition; rank. 
[L.] 

STATUTABLE (stat'u-ta-bl), a. 1. Made by 
statute. 2. According to statute. 

STATUTABLY (stat'u-ta-bli), adv. In a manner 
agreeable to statute. 

STATUTE (stat'ut), n. 1. Law enacted by the 
legislature (as distinguished from a customary 
law). 2. Act of a corporation or its founders, 
intended as a permanent rule or law. [L.L. 
statutum, ordained.] 

STATUTORY (statu-to-ri), a. Enacted by 
statute ; depending on statute for authority. 

STAUNCH, a. and v. See STANCH. 

STAVE (stav), n. 1. One of the pieces of which 
a cask or pail is made. 2. Staff or part of a 
piece of music. 3. Stanza. [From root of 
STAFF.] 



STAVE (stav), vt. [pr.p. STA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
STAVED (stavd), STOVE (stov).] 1. Break 
a stave or the staves of; burst. 2. Drive off, 
as with a staff ; delay. 3. Furnish with staves. 

STAVER (sta'ver), n. Dashing, active person. 
(Collou.) 

STAY (sta), v. [pr.p. STAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STAYED or STAID (stad).] I. vt. 1. Remain; 
abide ; continue in a place or state ; wait. 2. 
Cease acting. 3. Trust; rely; insist. II. vt. 
1. Cause to stand; stop; restrain; end. 2. De- 
lay. 3. Prevent from falling; prop; support. 
[O. Fr. estayer — estaye. prob. — Dut. stwye, 
stay.] 

STAY (sta), n. 1. Continuance in a place ; abode 
for a time. 2. Stop; standstill. 3. Prop; 
support. 4. [pi.] Corset. 

STAY (sta), n. Naut. Large strong rope run- 
ning from the head of one mast to another 
mast or to the side of the ship. [A. S. st&g.) 

STAY (sta), vt. [pr.p. STAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STAYED or STAID (stad).] Naut. 1. Sup- 
port or steady by stays. 2. Cause to veer or 
change tack. 

STAYER (sta'er), n. 1. One who stays. 2. 
Person or animal that holds on or endures for 
a long time; opposed to QUITTER. (Colloq.) 

STEAD (sted), n. Place which another had or 
might have. [A. S. stede — root of STAND.] 

STEADFAST (sted'fast), a. 1. Firmly fixed or 
established. 2. Firm; constant; resolute; 
steady. [A. S. stedefcest — stede, place, and 
fcest, fast.] 

STEADFASTLY (sted'fast-li), adv. In a stead- 
fast manner. 

STEADFASTNESS (sted'fast-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being steadfast. 

STEADIER (sted'i-er), n* One who or that which 
steadies. 

STEADILY (sted'i-li), adv. 1. Without shaking 
or tottering. 2. Without variation ; constant- 
ly. 

STEAD Y ( sted'i) , a. [comp. STEAD 'IER ; superl. 
STEAD'IEST.] 1. Firm in standing or in 
place; fixed; stable. 2. Constant; resolute; 
consistent. 3. Regular; uniform. [A .S.stoeddig.] 

STEADY (sted'i), v. [pr.p. STEAD'YING; p.t. 
and p.p. stead'ied.j I. vt. Make steady, 
firm, or fast. II. vl. Become steady. 

STEADY (sted'i), n. [pi. STEAD'IES.] 1. Sup- 
port or rest, as for the hand or a tool. 2. 
Young man who pays steady court or atten- 
tion to a young woman, or the young woman 
to whom he pays his attentions. (Slang.) 

STEAK (stak), n. Slice of meat, as beef, pork, 
venison, or the like, broiled or fried, or for 
broiling or frying; specifically, beefsteak. [Ice. 
steik — steikja, roast.] 

STEAL (stel), v. [pr.p. STEAL'ING; p.t. STOLE 
(stol); p.p. STOLEN (sto'ln).] I. vt. 1. Take 
by theft, or feloniously. 2. Move or get sur- 
reptitiously. 3. Gain or win by address or by 
gradual means. II. vi. 1. Practice theft. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



STEAL 



1051 



STEEPLE 



2. Pass secretly ; slip in or out unperceived. 
[A. S. slelan.] 

SYN. Filch; pilfer; purloin; embezzle; 
plunder ; pillage ; rob. 

STEAL (stel), n. Act of stealing, in any sense 

STEALER (stel'er), n. One who steals; thief. 

STEALTH (stelth), n. 1. Act of stealing. 2. 
Secret manner of bringing anything to pass. 
[From STEAL.] 

STEALTHILY ( stelth 'i-li), adv. In a stealthy 
manner. 

STEALTHINESS (stelth'i-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being stealthy. 

STEALTHY (stelth'i), a. Like one whose object 
is to steal; furtive; sly; clandestine. 

STEAM (stem), n. 1. Vapor into which water 
is changed when heated to the boiling-point; 
water in the gaseous state. 2. Mist formed 
by condensed vapor. 3. Any exhalation. 
[A. S. steam, vapor.] 

STEAM (stem), v. [pr.p. STEAMING; p.t. and 
p.p. STEAMED (stemd).] I. vi. 1. Rise or 
pass off in steam or vapor. 2. Move by steam. 
II. vt. Expose to steam. 

STEAMBOAT (stem'bot), n. Boat or vessel pro- 
pelled through water by steam; specifically, 
large steam-propelled vessel for carrying pas- 
sengers or freight, especially on rivers and 
lakes. 

STEAM-ENGINE ( stem 'en- j In), n. Machine 
which changes heat into motion through the 
medium of steam. 

STEAMER (stem'er), n. 1. Vessel moved by 
steam. 2. Vessel in which articles are steamed. 

STEAM-GAGE, STEAM-GAUGE (stem'gaj), w. 
Instrument attached to a boiler to indicate 
the pressure of steam. 

STEAM-HAMMER (stem'ham-er), n. Ham- 
mer worked by means of steam. 

STEAM-HOIST (stem 'hoist), n. Hoist worked 
by a steam-engine, frequently portable. 

STEAMINESS (stem'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being steamy. 

STEAM-ROLLER (stem'rol-er), n. Heavy roll- 
ing cylinder worked by steam, used for level- 
ing ground, roads, streets, etc. 

STEAMSHIP (stem' ship), n. Large sea-going 
vessel propelled by steam; ocean steamer. 

STEAM-TUG (stemtug^, n. Small but power- 
ful steam-vessel for towing ships in and out of 
harbor. 

STEAM-TURBINE (stem'tur-bin), n. Turbine 
in which steam instead of water is used to 
drive the impulse wheel. 

STEAM- VALVE (stem'valv), n. Valve control- 
ling the passage of steam as from a pipe. 

STEAMY (stem'i), a. Consisting of or like steam; 
full of steam vapor. 

STEARIC (ste-ar'ik), a. Pertaining to suet. — 
Stearic acid,C 18 H. 36 2 , an acid forming white 
crystals. 

STEARIN (ste'ar-in), n. Solid substance found in 
beef and mutton suet and other substances. 



Chemically formed by combination of stearic 
acid and glycerine. [Gr. stear, suet.] 

STEATITE(ste'a-tit),n. Soapstone. [Gr. stear, fat.] 

STEED (sted), n. Spirited horse. [A. S.] 

STEEL (stel), I. n. 1. Iron combined with a 
small portion of carbon. 2. Something com- 
posed of steel. 3. Steel for sharpening 
knives. II. a. Made of steel. [A. S. style.] 

STEEL (stel), vt. [pr.p. STEEL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STEELED (steld).] 1. Overlay or edge 
with steel. 2. Harden; make obdurate. 

STEEL-BLUE (steTblo), I. a. Having a bluish 
tinge as of steel. II. n. Steel-blue color. 

STEEL-CLAD (stel'klad), a. Clad or armored 
with steel. 

STEEL-ENGRAVING (stel'en-gra-ving), n. 1. 
Art of engraving on steel plates. 2. Design 
engraved on a steel plate. 3. Impression 
taken from an engraved steel plate. 

STEELHEAD (steThed), n. 1. Species of large 
trout 
( S a Imo 
riv ula» 
ris), of 
the Pacif- 
ic coast. 
2. Rain- 

x * Steelhead (Salmo gairdneri). 

(Salmo gairdneri). 3. Species of duck (JE7ris- 

matura rubida) ; the ruddy duck or hardhead. 

STEELINESS (stel'i-nes), n. State of being steely. 




^^1^ 



JM:l^J, l :l:^l■l:lf■,^,l:l!MlM:l:1J,l:l°■KlJ? l J■^l?J,K■J^J■^lf l J■■1T■,L■,l?^J,■■^f 1 ,^■J^J,l■l^Jn■ r %■■^j^ 



STEEL-SQUARE (steFskwar), n. 
Carpenter's square made of steel on 
which are stamped figures, lines and 
scales for measuring. 

STEELY (stel'i), a. Made of or resem- 
bling steel; hard; firm; inflexible. 

STEELYARD (stel'yard), n. Weighing 
machine, in which a single weight is 
moved along a graduated beam. 

STEEP (step), I. a. 1. Rising or de- 
scending with great inclination; 
precipitous. 2. Excessive; difficult. 
(Colloq.) II. n. Precipitous place; 
precipice. [A. S. stedp.] 

STEEP (step), v. [pr.p. STEEP'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. STEEPED (stept).] I. 
vt. 1. Dip or soak in a liquid; 
macerate. 2. Imbue thoroughly. II. 
vi. Undergo maceration by infusion. 
[Ice. steypa, pour out liquids.] 

STEEP (step), n. Something steeped, 
or used in steeping ; fertilizing liquid 
for seed. 

STEEPLE (ste'pl),«. Tower of a church 
or building, terminating in a point. 



Steel 
Square. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gucie; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



STEEPLECHASE 



1052 



STEP 



STEEPLECHASE (ste'pl-chas), n. Horserace 
across country, in which ditches, hedges, 
fences, etc., have to be jumped. [Originally, 
a race towards some distant object, usually 
a steeple,] 

STEEPLY (step'li), adv. In a steep manner; with 
steepness. 

STEER (ster), n. Young ox, especially one 
castrated and raised for beef. [A. S. steor. Cf. 
Ger. slier.] 

STEER (ster), v. [pr.p. STEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STEERED (sterd).] I. vt. 1. Direct with the 
helm. 2. Guide; govern. II. vi. 1. Direct 
a ship or boat in its course. 2. Be directed. 
[A. S. steoran. Cf. Ger. steuern.] 

STEERAGE (ster'aj), n. 1. Act or practice of 
steering. 2. Effect of a rudder on a ship. 3. 
Apartment in the forepart of a ship for pas- 
sengers paying a low rate of fare. 

STEERSMAN ( ster z 'man), n. Man who steers a 
ship. 

STEEVE (stev), vl. [pr.p. STEEV'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STEEVED (stevd).] Project from the 
bows at an angle instead of horizontally ; said 
of a bowsprit. [Dut. stevig, stiff, firm.] 

STEEVE (stev), a. Firm; compacted; not easily 
bent. [Sc. Akin to STD7F.] 

STEGNOSIS (steg-no'sis), n. Constipation. [Gr. 
stegnos, covered.] 

STEGNOTIC (steg-not'ik), a. Tending to ren- 
der costive. 

StEGOSAURTJS (steg- 
6-sa'rus),«. Genus of 
dinosaurs armored 
with rows of great 
bony plates along 
the back, some spe- 
cies thirty feet in Stegosaurus. 
length. [Gr. stegos, covered, and sauros, lizard.] 

STEIN (stin), n. Earthenware beer mug. [Ger., 
stone.] 

STEINBOCK (stin'bok), n. German name of the 
ibex. [Ger., stone-buck.] 

STELA (ste'la), STELE (ste'le), n. 1. Small col- 
umn without base or capital, serving as a 
monument, a milestone, and the like. 2. 
Sepulchral slab or column. [Gr. stele — sta-, 
stand.] 

STELLAR ( stel'ar) , a. Re- 
lating to the stars; 
starry. [L. L. stellaris 
— L. Stella, star.] 

STELLATE (stel'at), 
STELLATED (stel'a- 
ted), a. Like a star; 
radiated. — Hot. Stellate 
leaves, more than two 
leaves radiating like 
star rays from single 
point of the stem. 

STELLITE (stel'it), n. 

Metal. Alloy consist- Stellate Leaves. 

ing of 25 per cent chromium and 75 per cent 





cobalt, which can be cast and ground into 
tools with an edge as fine as the hardest steel. 
It has a luster like silver, is impervious 
to rust and highly flexible. [L. stella, star.] 

STELLULAR (stel'u-lar), a. 1. Formed like lit- 
tle stars. 2. Spangled with little stars. [L. 
stellula, little star.] 

STELLULATE (stel'u-lat), a. Like a little star. 

STEM (stem), n. 1. Part of a tree between the 
ground and the branches; little branch sup- 
porting the flower or fruit. 2. Race or family; 
branch of a family. 3. Part of a derived or 
inflected word to which the endings, prefixes, 
etc., are added; base. 4. Curved piece of 
timber or metal, to which the sides of a ship 
are joined at the foremost end. [A. S. stemn.] 

STEM (stem), vt. [pr.p. STEM 'MING; p.t. and 
p.p. STEMMED (stemd).] 1. Remove, as 
stems from fruits. 2. Stop; check. 3. Resist; 
make progress against. 4. Cut with the stem 
of a vessel ; dash against. 

STEMMERY (stem'er-i), n. [pi. STEMMERIES 
(stem'er-iz).] Factory in which tobacco is 
stripped from its stems. (Local IT. S.) 

STENCH (stench), n. Offensive odor. [A. S. stenc.) 

STENCIL (sten'sil), w. Plate of metal, etc., with 
a pattern cut out, which is impressed upon 
a surface by drawing a brush with color over 
it. [Etym. doubtful.] 

STENCIL (sten'sil), vt. [pr.p. STEN'CELING ; p.U 
and p.p. STENCILED (sten'siid).] Mark a 
design on by means of a stencil; make, as a 
design or letter, by means of a stencil. 

STENCILER (sten'sil-er), n. One who uses a 
stencil. 

STENOGRAPH (sten'o-graf), n. 1. Character, 
or memorandum, in shorthand. 2. Machine 
for typewriting in shorthand. [Gr. stenos, 
narrow, and -GRAPH.] 

STENOGRAPHER (sten-og'ra-fer), n. One who 
practices or is skilled in stenography; short- 
hand-writer who knows typewriting. A 
typist, on the other hand, is one who knows 
typewriting but not shorthand. 

STENOGRAPHIC (sten-o-graf'ik), a. Of or 
pertaining to stenography. 

STENOGRAPHIST (sten-og'ra-fist), n. Stenog- 
rapher. 

STENOGRAPHY (sten-og'ra-fi), w. Art of wri- 
ting shorthand. 

STENOPHYLLOUS (ste-nof'il-us or sten-o-fil'- 
us), a. Having narrow leaves. [Gr. stenos, 
narrow, and phyllon, leaf.] 

StENTOR (sten'tar), n. Greek Legend. A Trojan 
herald whose voice, according to Homer, was 
equal to that of fifty men. 

STENTORIAN (sten-to'ri-an), a. Very loud or 
powerful, like the voice of Stentor. 

STEP (step), n. 1. Distance crossed by the foot 
in walking or running; pace. 2. One remove 
in ascending or descending a stair. 3. One of 
the rests for the foot on a staircase ; round of 
a ladder. 4. Footprint. 5. Manner of 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



STEP 



1053 



STERN 



walking or dancing. 6. Action; measure. 7. 
[pi.] Self-supporting, portable ladder with flat 
steps. [A. S. stcepe.] 

STEP (step), v. [pr.p. STEP'PEVG; p.t. and p.p. 
STEPPED (stept).] I. vi. Advance or retire by 
pacing; walk. II. vt. 1. Set, as a foot. 2. 
Fix, as the foot of a mast, etc. 3. Elec. Raise 
or lower by means of transformers (said of an 
alternating-current circuit). [A. S. step-pan.] 

STEP-, prefix. Denoting relation by marriage 
of a parent, as in step-mother. [A. S. steop, 
bereft. Orig. used of children only.] 

STEPHANOLEPIS (stef-a-no-lep'is)* n. Genus 
of the family Monacanthidae or one-splned 
fishes; popularly called spine fish. The speci- 
men of Stephanolepis pricei in the cut was 
taken by the steamer Albatross among 
Hawaiian J shore fishes. [Gr. Stephanos, 
that which jf encircles, crown, and lepis, 
scale.] 




Stephanolepis OS. pricei). 

STEPMOTHER (step'mutft-er), n. Wife of 
one's father, but not one's mother. 

STEPPE (step), n. One of the vast uncultivated 
plains in Eastern Europe and in Asia. [Russ. 
stepj.] 

STEPPER (step'er), n. One who or that which 
steps; specifically applied to a horse, in ref- 
erence to high action of the feet in trotting. 

STEPPING-STONE (step'ing-ston), n. 1. Stone 
to raise the feet above water or mud. 2. 
Means of advancement. 

-STER. Termination as in maltster, gamster, 
spinster, songster, denoting occupation. Orig- 
inally the sign of the feminine gender, corre- 
sponding to the masculine -er. In the four- 
teenth century it gave way to the Norman 
feminine ending -ess. 

STERE (ster or star), ». Unit of solid metric 
measure, equal to a cubic meter. [Fr. — Gr. 
stereos, solid.] 

STEREO-, prefix. Solid; firm. [Gr. stereos.] 

STEREO (ster'e-6), n. Abbreviation of STER- 
EOTYPE. 

STEREOGRAM (ster'e - 6 - gram) , STEREO- 
GRAPH (ster'e-6-graf), n. Representation of 
a solid on a plane; specifically, a stereoscopic 
slide. [STEREO- and -GRAM, -GRAPH.] 

STEREOGRAPHIC (ster-e-6-graf'ik), a. Per- 
taining to stereography; made according to 
stereography ; delineated on a plane. 

STEREOGRAPHICALLY (ster-e-6-graf'ik-al-i), 
adv. In a stereographic manner. 

STEREOGRAPHY (ster-e-og'ra-fl), w. 1. Art of 
showing solids on a plane. 2. Branch of solid 




geometry treating of all regularly defined 
solids. [STEREO- and -GRAPH Y.] 
STEREOPTICON (ster-e-op'tl-kon), n. Double 
magic lantern producing dissolving views. 

STEREOSCOPE (ster'e-6- 
skop), n. Optical con- 
trivance by which two 
flat pictures of the same 
object are seen as one 
and as having an appearance of 
solidity and reality. [STEREO- 
and -SCOPE.] Stereoscope. 

STEREOSCOPIC (ster-e-6-skop'ic), STEREO- 
SCOPICAL (ster-e-6-skop'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to the stereoscope; produced by 
the stereoscope. 

STEREOS CO PI C ALL Y ( ster-e-6-skop'lk-al-i) , 
adv. In a stereoscopic manner. 

STEREOTYPE (ster'e-6-tip), I.n.l. Solid metal- 
lic plate for printing, cast from an impression 
of movable types, taken on some plastic sub- 
stance. 2. Art of making or printing with 
such plates. II. a. Pertaining to or done with 
stereotypes. [STEREO- and TYPE.] 

STEREOTYPE (ster'e-6-tip), vt. [pr.p. STER'- 
EOTYPING; p.t. and p.p. STEREOTYPED 
(ster'e-6-tipt).] 1. Cast a stereotype plate of. 
2. Prepare for printing by means of stereo- 
type plates. 3. Fix or establish firmly or un- 
changeably. 

STEREOTYPER (ster'e-6-ti-per), n. One who 
makes stereotypes. 

STEREOTYPERY (ster'e-6-ti-pgr-i), n. Art, 
work, or process of making stereotypes. 

STEREOTYPIC (ster-e-6-tip'ik), o. Of or per- 
taining to stereotypy. 

STEREOTYPING (ster'e-6-ti-ping), ». Art or 
process of making stereotypes. 

STEREOTYPOGRAPHER (ster-g-6-ti-pog'ra- 
fer), «. Stereotype printer. 

STEREOTYPOGRAPHY (ster-e-6-tI-pog'ra-fl), 
n. Art or practice of printing from stereotypes. 

STEREOTYPY (ster'e-6-ti-pi), n. Art, process, 
or business of making stereotypes. 

STERILE (ster'il), a. Unfruitful; barren; des- 
titute of ideas or sentiment. [L. sterilis, 
barren.] 

STERILITY (ster-il'i-ti), w. Quality or state of 
being sterile. 

STERILIZE (ster'il-iz), vt. [pr.p. STER'ELIZING ; 
p.t. and p.p. STERILIZED (ster'il-izd).] 1. 
Deprive of fertility. 2. Render free from 
bacteria as by boiling. 

STERLING (sterling), a. 1. Of the fixed or 
standard national value. Said of English 
money, as a pound sterling, a penny sterling. 
2. According to a fixed standard; having a 
fixed and permanent value; genuine; pure; of 
excellent quality. [Easterlings, German tra- 
ders in England.] 

STERN (stern), a. 1. Severe of countenance or 
feeling. 2. Steadfast. 3. Gloomy. [A. S. 
sterne — root of STARE.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



STERN 



1054 



STICKLE 



SYN. Austere; unrelenting; pitiless; 
harsh; rigid; strict. ANT. Lenient; ge- 
nial; kind; easy; indulgent. 

STERN (stern), n. Hind part of a vessel, rice. 
stjorn, steering.] 

STERNAL (ster'nal), a. Pertaining to the sternum. 

STERNALGIA (ster-nal'ji-a), n. 1. Pain about 
the sternum. 2. Angina pectoris. [Gr. sternon, 
breast-bone, and algos, pain.] 

STERNLY (stern'li), adv. In a stern manner. 

STERNMOST (stern 'most), a. Naut. Nearest 
the stern; farthest astern. 

STERNNESS (stern'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being stern. 

STERNPOST (stern 'post), n. Sternmost timber 
of a ship that supports the rudder. 

STERNSHEETS (stern'shets), n. Part of a boat 
between the stern and the rowers. 

STERNUM (ster'num), n. Breast-bone. [L. — 
Gr. sternon.] 

STERNUTATION (ster-nu-ta'shun), n. Act of 
sneezing. [L. sternutio, sneezing — stemuto — 
sternuo, sneeze.] 

STERN WAY (stern'wa), «. Movement of a ship 
backward, or with stern foremost. — Fetch 
sternway, acquire motion astern. 

STERTOR (ster'tur), n. Pathol. A deep snoring, 
as in apoplexy. [L. sterto, snore.] 

STERTOROUS (ster'tur-us), a. Characterized 
by deep snoring. 

STERTOROUSLY (ster'tur-us-li), adv. In a ster- 
torous manner. 

STET (stet), n. Word written upon proofs to 
signify that something which has been deleted 
Is to remain. Often used as a verb; as, the 
passage was stetted. [L., let It stand.] 

STETHOJULIS (steth-o-jo'lis), n. Ichthy. Ge- 
nus of thick- 
lipped fishes 
of the family 
Labrido3, In- 
cluding the 
blackfish, Cali- 
fornia fathead 
and European 
wrass. Stethojulis phekadopleura is an East 
Indian and South Sea species with rows of 
whit* dots on a clear olive-brown back and 
rows of blackish brown spots 
on white belly. [Gr. stethos, 
breast, and ioulis, a red fish 
(L. julis, a kind of rockflsh), 
perhaps — ioulos, down, fine 
hair. Cf. L. julus, catkin, 
cluster.] 

STETHOMETER(steth-om'e-ter), 
n. Instrument for measuring 
the external movement in the 
walls of the chest during or- 
dinary or tidal respiration. [Gr. 
stethos, breast, and tnetron, 

STETHOSCOPE (steth'o-skop), n. 




Stethojulis (S. phekadopleura) . 




Stethoscopes 
for one and two 



measure.] 
Instrument 



used by medical men for distinguishing sound 



within the thorax and other cavities of the 
body. [Gr. stethos, breast, and -SCOPE.] 

STETHOSCOPIC (steth-o-skop'lk), a. Of or 
pertaining to a stethoscope. 

STETHOSCOPY (steth'o-sko-pi), n. Art of 
stethoscopic examination. 

STETTIN (stet-ten'), s n. Seaport, Prussia, capital 
of Pomeranla, on the Oder. 

STEVEDORE (ste've-dor), n. One who loads or 
unloads vessels ; longshoreman. [Sp. estiv- 
ador, wool-packer.] 

STEW (stu), v. [pr.p. STEW'EVG; p.t. and p.p. 
STEWED (stud).] I. vt. Boil slowly with 
little moisture. II. vi. Be boiled or cooked 
slowly in a hot liquid or vapor. [O. Fr. estw 
ver.] 

STEW (stu), n. 1. Meat stewed. 3. Fuss; 
worry. — In a stew, in a state of agitation, 
confusion, trouble or excitement. 

STEWARD (stu'ard), n. [/em. STEWARDESS.] 
1. One who manages the domestic concerns 
of a family or Institution. 2. One who su- 
perintends another's affairs, especially an 
estate or farm. 3. Waiter on a ship. (A. S. 
stigweard.] 

STEWARDSHIP (stu'ard-ship), n. Office, post, 
or position as a steward. 

STIBIUM (stib'i-um), n. Antimony. 

STICH (stik), n. 1. Verse. 2. Line In the 
Scriptures. 3. Row of trees. [Gr. stichos, 
line.] 

STICK (stik), n. 1. Piece of wood of indefinite 
size and shape, generally long and rather 
slender; rod; wand; staff; walking-stick. 2. 
Anything shaped like a stick; as, a stick of 
sealing-wax. 3. Instrument in which types 
are composed in words, and the words ar- 
ranged to the required length of the lines ; com- 
posing-stick. 4. Thrust with a pointed in- 
strument ; stab. [A. S. sticca.] 

STICK (stik), v. [pr.p. STICK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STUCK (stuk).] I. vt. 1. Stab ; thrust in. 3. 
Fasten by piercing; fix in. 3. Set with some- 
thing pointed. 4. Cause to adhere; affix; 
attach. 5. Cause to stop; puzzle. (Slang.) 
6. Cheat; impose upon. (Slang.) 7. Beat, 
as in a game, for a stake. II. vi. 1. Hold 
to something; adhere. 2. Be hindered or 
stopped. 3. Be embarrassed or puzzled; hesi- 
tate. — Stick up, hold up or rob. — Be stuck on, 
be in love with. — Stuck up, conceited, proud. 

STICKER (stik'er), n. One who or that which 
sticks; one who kills by sticking or stabbing; 
as, a pig-sticker. 

STICKINESS (stik'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sticky. 

STICKING-PLASTER (stik'ing-plas-ter), n. Ad- 
hesive plaster for closing wounds. 

STICKLE (stik'l), vi. [pr.p. STICK'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. STICKLED (stik'ld).] Contend per- 
tinaciously or obstinately for some trifle. 
[Dim. of STICK.] 

STICKLE (stik'l), n. Prickle. [A. S. sticel.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STICKLEBACK 



1055 



STIMULATE 




STICKLEBACK (stik'1-bak), n. Small river- 
fish, so called from 
the spines on Its 
back. [STICKLE 
and BACK.] 

STICKLER (stik'ler), 
n. Unreasonable; 
and obstinate con-' 
tender, especially 
for something tri- 
fling. 

STICKY (stik'i), a. 
That sticks or ad- 
heres; adhesive; 
glutinous. 

STIFF (stif), a. 1. Not 
easily bent; rigid; 
tense. 2. Not liquid ; 
neither hard nor 
soft. 3. Not easily 
overcome ; obsti- 
nate. 4. Not nat- 
ural and easy ; con- Stickleback. 
strained; formal. [A. S. stif.] 

STIFF (stif), n. 1. Inactive person or ani- 
mal. 2. Dead body; corpse. (Slang.) 

STIFFEN (stif'n), v. [pr.p. STIFFENING; p.t. 
and p.p. STIFFENED (stif'nd).] I. vt. Make 
stiff, stiffer, or more obstinate. II. vi. Be- 
come stiff. 

STIFFENEB (stif'n-er), n. One who or that 
which stiffens. 

STIFFENING (stif'n-ing), n. 1. Act of making 
or becoming stiff. 2. Something used to 
make a substance stiff or more stiff. 

STIFFLY (stif'li), adv. 1. Rigidly; inflexibly. 
2. Obstinately ; contumaciously. 

STIFF-NECKED (stif'nekt), a. Obstinate; con- 
tumacious; stubborn. 

STIFFNESS (stif'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being stiff. 

STIFLE (sti'fl), v. [pr.p. STI'FLING; p.U and 
p.p. STIFLED (sti'fld).] I. vt. 1. Stop the 
breath of, by foul air or other means; suffo- 
cate. 2. Extinguish; suppress the sound of; 
deaden. II. vi. Suffocate ; perish by suffoca- 
tion or strangulation. [Ice. stifla, stop, dam up.] 

STIFLE (sti'fl), n. 1. Joint of the hind leg of a 
horse between the hip and the hock, and cor- 
responding to the knee in man. 2. Disease 
in the knee-pan of a horse or other animal. 
[From STIFF.] 

STIFLE-BONE (sti'fl-bon), n. Bone in the leg 
of a horse, corresponding to the knee-pan in 
man. 

STIGMA (stig'ma), n, [pi. STIG'MAS or STIG'- 
MATA.] 1. Brand; mark of infamy. 2. Top 
of a pistil. [L. — Gr. stigma, mark.] 

STIGMATA (stig'ma-ta), n, Latin plural of 
STIGMA. 

STIGMATIC (stig-mat'ik), STIGMATICAL (stig- 
mat'ik-aD, a. 1. Marked or branded with a 
stigma. 2. Giving infamy or reproach. 



STIGMATIZE (stig'ma-tiz), vt. [pr.p. STIG'- 
MATIZING; p.t. and p.p. STIGMATIZED 

(stig'ma-tizd).] Brand; put the mark of in- 
famy on. 

STILE (stil), n. Step or set of steps for climbing 
over a wall or fence. [A. S. stigel — stigan, 
mount.] 

STILE (stil), n. Pin of a sun dial; style. 

STILETTO (sti-let'6), n. [pi. STILET'TOS.J 1. 
Small dagger. 2. Pointed instrument for 
making eyelet holes. [It., dim. of stilo, dag- 
ger. — L. stilus. See STYLE.] 

STILETTO (sti-let'6), vt. [pr.p. STDLET'TOING ; 
p.i. and p.p. STILETTOED (sti-let'od).] Stab 
or kill with a stiletto. 

STILL (stil), I. a. [comp. STDLL'ER; superl. 
STILLEST.] 1. Silent. 2. Motionless. 3. 
Calm. 4. Not effervescing. II. adv. 1. Al- 
ways; constantly. 2. To this moment; yet; 
now. 3. In the future as till now. 4. Again; 
as, in still louder; yet. 5. Nevertheless. [A. 
S. stille.] 

STILL (stil), vt, [pr.p, STDLL'ING; p,t, and p.p. 
STILLED 
(stild).] 1. 
Quiet ; si- 
lence. 2. 
A ppease; 
satisfy. 

STILL (stil), 
n. Appara- 
tus for dis- 
tilling liq- 
uids • large own. 

+' - *■ 1- Alembic, with head (3) and beak (4). 2. 
r e t O r t . Heater. 5, 9. Worm. 6. Cooler. 7. Cold water 
[FromDIS- funnel, reaching: to bottom of cooler. 8,8. Drain 

for hot water at surface. 
TIL.] 

STILL-BORN (stil'barn), a. Dead when born. 

STILL-LIFE (stil'lif), n. Class of pictures rep- 
resenting inanimate objects, as dead game, 
fruit, etc. 

STILLNESS (stil'nes), n. Quality or state o* be- 
ing still. 

STILLY (stil'i), I. a. Still; calm; quiet. II. adv. 
Silently; gently. 

STILT (stilt), n. High support of wood with rest 
for the foot, used in walking. [Dut. stelt.] 

STILT (stilt), vt. [pr.p. STILT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STILT 'ED.] 1. Raise on stilts. 2. Elevate 
by unnatural means. 

STILTED (stilt'ed), a. Inflated; bombastic. 

STIMULANT (stim'u-lant), I. a. Stimulating; 
increasing or exciting vital action. II. n, 1. 
Anything that stimulates or excites. 2. Stim- 
ulating medicine; especially one containing 
alcohol. [See STIMULUS.] 

STIMULATE (stim'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. STIMU- 
LATING ; p.t. and p.p. STIM'ULATED.] Rouse 
to action; excite. 

SYN. Incite; prick; goad; animate; 
rouse; irritate; incense; urge; spur; impel; 
instigate; provoke; kindle; whet. ANT. 
Rein; inhibit; hold; deter; discourage. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



STIMULATION 



1056 



STITCH 



STIMULATION (stim-u-1 a/shun), n. 1. Act 
of stimulating or exciting. 2. That which 
stimulates; stimulus. 3. State of being 
stimulated. 

STIMULATIVE (stim'u-la-tiv), I. a. Tending to 
stimulate. II. n. That which stimulates or 
excites; stimulus. 

STIMULUS (stim'u-lus), n. [pi. STIM'UEI.] 
Goad; anything that rouses to action; stimu- 
lant. [L. (for stigmulus) — Gr. stizd, prick.] 

STING (sting), n. 1. Sharp-pointed weapon of 
some animals. 2. Thrust of a sting into the . 
flesh. 3. Anything that causes acute pain. 

STING (sting), v. [pr.p. STEVG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STUNG (stung).] I. vt. 1. Pierce or wound 
with a sting. 2. Pain acutely, as with a sting. 
II. vi. 1. Cause a wound or pain with a sting. 

2. Possess the power of causing a sharp pain. 

3. Be keenly painful. [A. S. stingan.] 
STINGER (sting'er), n. One who or that which 

stings. 

STINGILY (stin'ji-li), adv. In a stingy manner. 

STINGINESS (stin'ji-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stingy. 

STINGING (stinging), a. Sharp; keen; biting. 

STINGINGLY (sting'ing-li), adv. In a stinging 
manner. 

STINGLESS (sting'les), a. Having no sting. 

STING-RAY (sting'ra), STINGTAIL (sting'tal), 
n. Cartilaginous fish of the ray order, with a 
tail armed in its middle portion with a sharp, 
serrated bony spine, capable of inflicting a 
very severe and dangerous wound. The 
common sting-ray (Dasybatis centrums) Is 
found in abundance on the north Atlantic 
coast of the United States, and the California 
sting-ray (Myliobatus calif ornicus) is common 
along the California coast. 

STINGY (stin'ji), a. Niggardly; avaricious. 
[Possibly from STINT.] 

STINK (stingk), vi. [pr.p. STINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STUNK (stungk).] Emit a strong, offen- 
sive odor. [A. S. stincan.] 

STINK (stingk), n. Disgusting odor; stench. 

STINKPOT (stingk'pot), n. Spherical metal 
shell filled with powder which expands into a 
deadly gas when the shell strikes. 

STINT (stint), vt. [pr.p. STINTING; p.t. and p.p. 
STINT 'ED.] 1. Limit; restrain; confine to a 
scanty allowance. 2. Assign a certain task 
to. [A. S. styntan.] 

STINT (stint), n. 1. Limit; restraint. 2. Pro- 
portion or task allotted. 

STIPE (stip), n. Stalk; stem; frond; trunk, etc. 
[L. stipes.] 

STIPEND (sti'pend), n. Salary paid for services. 
[L. stipendium — stips, gift, and pendo, weigh 
out.] 

STIPENDIARY (sti-pen'di-a-ri), I. a. Receiv- 
ing stipend. II. n. One who performs serv- 
ices for a salary. 

STIPPLE (stip'l), vt. [pr.p. STIP'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. STD7PLED (stlp'ld).] Produce variation 



of light and shade In or upon, as in engraving 
or painting, by means of dots (instead of lines). 

STIPULATE (stip'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. STIPU- 
LATING; p.t. and p.p. STIPULATED.] Con- 
tract; insert as a condition. [L. stipulor — O. 
L. stipulus, firm.] 

STIPULATION (stip-u-la'shun), n. Act of stip- 
ulating; contract; condition. 

STIPULATOR (stip'u-la-tur), n. One who stip- 
ulates. 

STIPULE (stip'ul), n. One of a pair of very 
small side leaves at the base of certain leaf- 
stalks, variously differentiated as scales, ten- 
drils, etc., in different plants. 

STIR (ster), v. [pr.p. STIR 'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
STIRRED (sterd).] I. vt. 1. Change the place 
of. 2. Agitate. 3. Rouse to action. II. vi. Move 
one's self to action; be active. [A. S. styrian.] 

STIR (ster), n. 1. Tumult; bustle; agitation. 2. 
Public commotion. 3. Disturbance of mind; 
excitement. 4. Prison. (Slang.) 

STIRABOUT (ster'a-bowt), n. 1. Oat-meal por- 
ridge. 2. Active person. 

STIRP1CULTURE (ster'pi-kul-tur), n. The 
breeding of special stocks or races. [L. 
stirps t stock, and CULTURE.] 

STIRPS (sterps), n. [pi. STIRPES (ster'pez).J 
Law. Person from whom a family Is de- 
scended; family; kindred. [L„ stock.] 

STIRRER (ster'er), n. One who or that which 
stirs. 

STIRRING (ster'ing), I. a. 1. Animating; 
rousing. 2. Active; energetic. II. n. 1* 
Act of moving or setting in motion. 2. State 
of being in motion. 3. Impulse ; stimulus. 

STIRRUP (ster 'up or stir 'up), n. Ring or hoop 
suspended from the saddle, for a horseman's 
foot while mounting or riding. (A. S. stigerap 
— stigan 9 mount, and rap, rope.] 

STITCH (stich), n. 1. Single pass of a threaded 
needle, uniting two parts of the fabric or 
substance being sewed'. 2. Loop of thread 
made by one pass of the needle through both 
parts of the 
fabric or sub- 
stance being 
sewed. 3. Sort 
o r style o f 
work result- 
ing from the 
process of 
stitching. 4. 
Acute pain, 
especially in 
the muscles 
between the 
ribs.— Crochet 

stitch, one Crochet Stitch. 

complete movement of the hook producing 
a mesh. — Feather stitch, used in embroidery, 
imitating a feather by means of off-shoots 
inclined upward from a main stem. [A. S. 
*<ice, pricking sensation.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



STITCH 



1057 



STOKER 



[pr.p. STITCH'ING; p.t. and 
(sticht).] 




Feather Stitch. 



STITCH (stich), v. 
p.p. STITCHED 

1. vt. 1. Form stitches on. 

2. Fasten together by sew- 
ing. II. vi. Practice stitch- 
ing; sew. 

STITHY(stitA'i),n. l. Anvil. 
2. Smithy; forge. [Ice. 
stethi.] 

STIVER(sti'ver),n. 1. Dutch 
coin, worth two cents. 2. 
Anything of little value. 
[Dut. stuiver.] 

STOAT (stot), n. Kind of weasel in its summer 
pelage; it is called the ermine when in its 
winter dress. [Etym. doubtful.] 

STOCCADO (stok-ka'do), n. Thrust in fencing. 
[It. stoccata.] 

STOCK (stok), I. n, 1. Trunk of a tree or plant. 
2. Part to which others are attached. 3. 
Lineage; family. 4. Fund; capital. 5. 
Shares of a public debt; shares of capital in 
railroad and other corporations. 6. Store. 
7. Cattle. 8. Kind of stiff neckcloth. 9. [pi.] 
Instrument in which the legs of petty offenders 
were formerly confined. 10. Frame for a 
ship while building. 11. Stock -gillyflower. 
12. Liquid preparation containing the juices 
of meat and vegetables, etc., and used in ma- 
king soups, gravy, etc, II. o. Constantly used 
or kept ready for use. — Stock company, (a) 
company or corporation whose shares are held 
by individuals; (b) company of actors and 
actresses regularly engaged at a local or home 
theater. [A. S. stoc, post, trunk.] 

STOCK (stok), v. [pr.p. STOCK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STOCKED (stokt).] I. vt. l. Lay up in 
store. 2. Supply with stock; furnish; sup- 
ply. II. vi. Lay in or provide supplies. 

STOCKADE (stok-kad')t vt. [pr.p. STOCKA'- 
D1NG; p.t. and 
p.p. STOCK- 
A'DED.l Sur- 
round or fortify 
with a stock- 
ade. Y* 

S T O CK A DE V 
(stok-kad'), w. 
Breastwork 
formed of 
stakes fixed in 
theground.[Fr. 
estacad e — esto c 
— Ger. stocky stick.] 

STOCKBROKER (stok'bro-ker), n. Broker who 
deals in stocks or shares. 

STOCKDOVE (stok'duv), w. Species of wild 
pigeon. 

STOCK-EXCHANGE (stok'eks-chanj), ». Place 
where stocks are bought and sold; association 
of dealers in public stocks. 

STOCKFISH (stok'fish), n. General term for cod, 
iing, tusk, and other fish used in a dried state. 




Stockade. 



STOCK-GILLYFLOWER (stok-jll'i-flow-er), n. 
Woody-stemmed plant of the genus Matthiola. 

STOCKHOLDER (stok'hold-er), n. One who 
holds stocks in a company, or, in England, 
in the public funds. 

STOCKHOLM (stok'holm),n. Capital of Sweden. 

STOCKINET (stok-i-nef), «. Elastic knit fabric, 
of which stockings, undergarments, etc., are 
made. 

STOCKING (stok'ing), n. Close-fitting covering 
for the foot and leg. 

STOCKINGER (stok'ing-er), n. One who knits, 
weaves or sells stockings. 

STOCKING-FRAME (stok'ing-fram)., n. Ma- 
chine for knitting. 

STOCK-JOBBER (stok'job-er), n. One who deals 
in stocks; stockbroker. 

STOCK-JOBBING (stok'job-ing), n. Act or 
business of dealing in stocks. 

STOCKMAN (stok'man), n. [pi. STOCKMEN.] 
1. Man owning or having charge of live- 
stock; herdsman. 2. Man in charge of stock 
of merchandise. 

STOCK-MARKET (stok'mar-ket), n. 1. Stock- 
exchange. 2. State of the demand for stocks. 
3. Cattle market. 

STOCK-ROOM (stok'rom), n. Room in which 
a stock of merchandise or materials is held 
ready for sale or use. 

STOCK-STILL (stok'stil), a. Still as a stock. 

STOCKY (stok'i), o. Thick and firm; stout; 
stumpy. 

STOCK- YARD (stok'yard), n. Yard with pens, 
sheds, etc., for the temporary keeping and 
disposition of cattle, swine, sheep and other 
live stock. 

STOGY (sto'gi), I. n. [pi. STO'GIES.] 1. Coarse 
boot or shoe. 2. Coarse cigar. II. a. Coarse; 
heavy; clumsy. (Colloq.) 

STOIC (sto'ik), I. n. I. Disciple of the ancient 
philosopher Zeno, who taught under a porch 
at Athens. 2. [s-] One indifferent to pleasure 
or pain. II. a. Of or pertaining to the 
Stoics. [L. stoicus — Gr. stdikos, of a porch — 
stoa, porch.] 

STOICAL (sto'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
the Stoics. 2. [s-] Not affected by passion; 
indifference to pleasure or pain. 

STOICALLY (sto'ik-al-i), adv. In a stoical man- 
ner ; like a stoic. 

STOICALNESS (sto'ik-al-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being stoical. 

STOICISM (sto'i-sizm), n. 1. Opinions, teach- 
ings, and maxims of the Stoics. 2. [s-1 Qual- 
ity or state of being stoical ; impassibility. 

STOKE (stok), v. [pr.p. STO'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
STOKED (stokt).] I. vt. Supply with fuel, 
as the fire of a furnace. II. vi. Act as a 
stoker. [Formed from STOKER.] 

STOKER (sto'ker), n. One who feeds and at- 
tends to a furnace, especially of a locomotive 
or marine engine. [Dut. stoker, fireman — 
stoken, make a fire — stok, stick.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STOLE 



1058 



STOPPER 



Past tense of STEAL. 
1. Long 




Stole. 



STOLE (stol), v. 

STOLE (stol), n. 

garment reaching to the 
feet. 2. Long narrow 
scarf with fringed ends 
worn by a priest. [A. S. — 
Gr. stole, robe.] 

STOLEN (std'ln), v. Past par- 
ticiple of STEAL. 

STOLID (stol'id), a. Dull; 
impassive; stupid; foolish. 
[L. stolldus.] 

STOLIDITY (sto-lid'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being stolid. 

STOLIDLY (stol'id-li), adv. In a stolid manner. 

STOLIDNESS (stol'id-nes), n. Same as STO- 
LIDITY. 

STOMA (stoma), n. [pi. STO'MATA.] 1. Anat. 
Lymphatic orifice. 2. Bot. Pore or orifice 
in the epidermis of a leaf. [Gr. stoma, mouth.] 

STOMACH (stum'ak), n. 1. Sac-like cavity in 
man or in any animal for the digestion of food. 
2. Appetite; inclination. [Gr. stomachos — 
stoma, mouth.] 

STOMACH (stum'ak), vt. [pr.p. STOM 'ACH- 
ING; p.i. and p.p. STOMACHED (stum'akt).] 
Brook or put up with. 

STOMACHER (stum'a-ker), n. Woman's orna- 
ment or covering for the breast worn from the 
fifteenth to the seventeenth century. 

ST03IACHIC (sto-mak'ik), STOMA CHICAL (sto- 
mak'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to the stomach. 

2. Strengthening, or promoting the action 
of, the stomach. 

STONE (ston), I. n. 1. Hard mass of earthy 
or mineral matter. 2. Precious stone or gem. 

3. Tombstone. 4. Concretion formed in the 
bladder. 5. Hard shell containing the seed of 
some fruits. 6. Standard British weight of 
14 lbs. avoirdupois. 7. Torpor and insensi- 
bility; as, a heart of stone. 8. Anything re- 
sembling a stone, as a hailstone. — Philoso- 
pher's stone, imaginary mineral, the touch of 
which would turn anything into gold. II. a. 
Made of stone or of stoneware. [A. S. stdn.] 

STONE (ston), vt. [pr.p. STONING; p.t. and p.p. 

STONED (stond).] 1. Pelt with stones. 2. 

Free from stones. 3. Wall with stones. 
STONEBLIND (ston-blind), a. As blind as a 

stone; perfectly blind. 
STONECHAT (ston'ehat), STONECHATTER 

(ston'chat-er), 

n. Bird, allied 

to the robin, so 

called from its 

chattering and 

perching on 

large stones. 
STONECUTTER 

(ston'kut-er), 

n. One who cuts stone. 
STONE-FRUIT (ston'frot), n. Fruit with its seed 

inclosed in a stone or hard kernel; drupe. 




Stonechat. 



STONE'S-CAST (stonz'kast), STONE'S-THROW 
(stonz'thro), n. Distance a stone may be 
thrown by the hand. 

STONEWARE (ston'war), n. Coarse potter's 
ware made from a composition of clay and 
flint. 

STONILY (sto'ni-li), adv. In a stony manner; 
coldly; harshly. 

STONINESS (sto'ni-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being stony. 

STONY (sto'ni), a. 1. Made of or resembling 
stone. 2. Abounding with stones. 3. Hard; 
inflexible; pitiless; obdurate. 

STOOD (stod), v. Past tense and past participle 
of STAND. 

STOOL (stol), n. 1. Seat without a back. 2. 
Seat used in evacuating the bowels. 3. Fecal 
evacuation. [A. S. stol.] 

STOOL-PIGEON (stol'pij-un), n. 1. Pigeon used 
as a decoy. 2. Person who acts as a decoy. 

STOOP (stop), v. [pr.p. STOOP'ING;p.t. and p.p. 
STOOPED (stopt).] I. vi. 1. Bend the body; 
lean forward. 2. Descend from rank or dig- 
nity; submit; condescend. 3. Swoop down 
on the wing, as a bird of prey. II. vt. Cause 
to incline downward. [A. S. stupian.) 

STOOP (stop), n. 1. Act of stooping. 2. Incli- 
nation forward. 3. Swoop. 

STOOP (stop), n. Vessel of liquor, as of wine or 
ale. [A. S. stoppa, staup, cup. Cf. Dut. stoop, 
measure of about two quarts.] 

STOOP (stop), n. Porch with a balustrade and 
seats on the sides, but not roofed. [Dut. stoep. 
Akin to STEP.] 

STOP (stop^, v. [pr.p. STOP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
STOPPED (stopt).] I. vt. 1. Stuff ; close up. 2. 
Obstruct; render impassable. 3. Hinder; in- 
tercept; restrain. II. vi. 1. Cease from mo- 
tion or action; leave off; be at an end. 2. 
Stay; tarry; put up. [A. S. stoppian.] 

STOP (stop), n. 1. Act of stopping or state of 
being stopped. 2. Hindrance; obstacle; piece 
which stops a door or a window. 3. Device for 
stopping action. 4. One of the vent-holes in a 
wind instrument; point on the wire of a 
stringed instrument, by the pressing of which 
a certain note is produced. 5. Mark (.) used 
in punctuation. 

STOPCOCK (stop'kok), n. Short pipe in a cask, 
etc., opened and closed by a cock or key. 

STOP-GAP (stop'gap), n. That which fills a gap, 
pause, or want; temporary makeshift. 

STOP-OFF (stop'af), I. n. Privilege of stopping 
over or leaving a train at a way-station and 
resuming the trip on a subsequent train. II. 
a. Conferring the right to stop over. 

STOPPAGE (stop'aj), n. 1. AH of stopping or 
arresting progress or motion. 2. Deduction 
made from pay. 

STOPPER (stop'er), n. 1. One who stops. 2. 
That which closes a vent or hole, as the cork 
or glass mouthpiece for a bottle. 3. Short 
rope for making something fast. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tfiQn, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STOPPER 



1059 



STOVEPIPE 



STOPPER (stop'er), vt. [pr.p. STOP'PERING; 
p.t. and p.p. STOPPERED (stop'erd).] Close 
with a stopper. 

STOPPLE (stop'l), n. That which stops or closes 
the mouth of a vessel ; cork ; plug. 

STOPPLE (stop'l), vt. [pr.p. STOP'PLING; p.t. 
and p.p. STOPPLED (stop'ld).] Close, with a 
stopple. 

STOP-WATCH (stop'woch), n. Watch whose 
works (or a part of them) may be stopped by 
pressing in a pin; used in timing races, etc. 

STORAGE (stor'aj), w. 1. Act of placing in a 
warehouse for safe-keeping. 2. Safe-keep- 
ing of goods in a warehouse. 3. Price 
paid or charged for keeping goods in a ware- 
house. — Storage battery, secondary battery for 
accumulating electricity. — Cold storage, stor- 
age in a temperature artificially lowered. 

STORAGE-WAREHOUSE (stor'aj-war-hows), 
n. Warehouse for storage of furniture, etc. 

STORAX (sto'raks), n. Fragrant gum-resin pro- 
duced by the tree styrax. [Gr. styrax.] 

STORE (stor), I. n. 1. Quantity gathered; 
provisions. 2. Storehouse. 3. Place where 
goods are sold; shop. II. a. Purchasable 
at a store; as, store-clothes. [O. Fr. estore.] 

STORE (stor), vt. [pr.p. STOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STORED (stord).] 1. Gather in quantities. 2. 
Supply. 3. Place in a warehouse. 

STOREHOUSE (stor'hows), n. House for stor- 
ing goods; repository; treasury. 

STOREKEEPER (stor'kep-er), n. 1. One who 
keeps a store or shop. 2. One who has 
charge of stores. 

STOREROOM (stor'roni), n. Room in which 
supplies or stores are kept. 

STORIED (sto'rid), a. 1. Told in a story. 2. 
Having a history. 3. Having stories. 

STORIETTE (sto-ri-ef), n. Short story. [Of re- 
cent coinage. Cf. NOVELETTE, from NOVEL.] 




Stork. 

STORK (stark), n. 1. Wading bird allied to the 
heron, celebrated for affection for its young. 



2. Figuratively, the harbinger of births, whose 
visit to a home means the arrival of a newly- 
born babe. [A. S. store] 

STORK'SBILL (starks'bil), n. Kind of geranium, 
with the seed pod like the bill of a stork. 

STORM (starm), n . ±, Violent commotion of the 
air with rain, etc.; tempest. 2. Violent agi- 
tation of society; commotion; tumult. 3. 
Assault on a fortified place. [A. S.] 

STORM (starm), v. [pr.p. STORM'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STORMED (starmd).] I. vi. 1. Raise 
a tempest. 2. Blow with violence. 3. Be 
in a violent passion. II. vt. Attack by open 
force; assault. 

STORM-DOOR (starm'dor), n. Outer door to 
protect the inner from the effects of storms 
or the inclemency of the weather. 

STORMILT (starm'i-li), adv. In a stormy man- 
ner. 

STORMINESS (starm'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stormy. 

STORMY (starm'i), a. 1. Having many storms; 
agitated with furious winds; boisterous. 2. 
Violent; passionate. 

STORMY-PETREL ( starm i-pet-rel), n. Species 
of petrel (Procellaria pelagica), common in the 
north Atlantic, and believed to be a harbinger 
of bad weather; called by sailors Mother 
Carey's Chicken. 

STORTHING (stor'ting), n. Legislative assem- 
bly of Norway. [Dan. stor, great, and thing, 
diet.] 

STORY (sto'ri), n. [pi. STO'RIES.] 1. Narra- 
tive of incidents. 2. Tale; anecdote. 3. Fic- 
titious narrative; novel. 4. Falsehood. [Short 
form of HISTORY.] 

STORY (sto'ri), n. [pi. STO'RIES.] Division 
of a house on the same floor or level; floor. 
[O. Fr. estoree, building — L. instauro.] 

STOUT (stowt), I. a. 1. Brave; proud. 2. Firm; 
stubborn. 3. Strong; solid. 4. Bulky. II. 
n. Name for porter. [A. S. stolt — Ger. stole, 
bold, proud.] 

SYN. Bold; valiant; haughty; resolute; 
sturdy; hardy; doughty; substantial; thick; 
corpulent; lusty; brawny. ANT. Weak; 
frail; thin; lean; feeble; timid. 

STOVAINE (sto'va-in), n. Local anesthetic re- 
sembling cocaine, but having less depressing 
influence upon the heart, especially when 
combined with strychnine. 

STOVE (stov), v. Past tense and past participle 
of STAVE. 

STOVE (stov), n. Apparatus, generally of iron, 
with a fire or other source of heat for warming 
a room, cooking, etc. [O. Ger. stupa, heated 
room. Cf. Ger. stube, room.] 

STOVE (stov), vt. [pr. p. STO'VEVG; p.t. and 
p.p. STOVED (stovd).] Keep warm in a place 
artificially heated ; as, to stove plants. 

STOVEPIPE (stov'pip), n. Pipe for conducting 
to the flue of a chimney the smoke arising 
from a stove. — Stovepipe hat, tall silk hat. 



i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



STOW 



1060 



STRANGENESS 



STOW (sto), vt. [pr.p. STOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
STOWED (stod).] 1. Place; arrange com- 
pactly. 2. Fill by packing things in. [A. S. 
sstotoigan. Cf. O. H. Ger. stowen.] 

STOWAGE (sto'aj), n. 1. Act or operation of 
stowing. 2. Rooni for things to be stowed. 
3. Price paid for stowing goods. 

STOWAWAY (sto'a-wa), n. One who conceals 
himself on a vessel or train in order to obtain 
free passage or to escape pursuers. 

STRAB1S3IUS (stra-bis'mus), n. Non-coinci- 
dence of the optic axes of the eyes; squint. 
[Gr. strabos, twisted.] 

STRADDLE (strad'l), v. [pr.p. STRAD'DLEVG; 
p.t. and p.p. STRADDLED (strad'ld).] I. vi. 

1. Stride or part the legs wide. 2. Stand or 
walk with the legs far apart. II. vt. Stand 
or sit astride of. [Freq. from STRIDE.] 

STRADDLE (strad'l), n. 1. Act of straddling. 

2. Distance between the feet of one who 
straddles. 3. Equivocal position. 

StraDIVARIUS (strad-i-va'ri-us), n. Violin 
made in the late seventeenth and early eight- 
eenth century by Stradivarius (It. Stradivari), 
or his sons, of Cremona, in Italy. 

STRAGGLE (strag'l), vi. [pr.p. STRAG'GLING; 
p.t. and p.p. STRAGGLED (strag'ld).] 1. 
Wander from the course; ramble. 2. Stretch 
beyond proper limits. 3. Be dispersed. [Freq. 
from STRAY.] 

STRAGGLER (strag'ler), n. 1. One who strag- 
gles; one who has deserted or has been left 
behind by his fellows. 2. Bat. Exuberant 
growth. 

STRAIGHT (strat), I. n. In the game of poker a 
sequence of five cards. II. a. 1. Direct; being 
in a right line; not crooked; nearest. 2. Up- 
right; honest. 3. Undiluted. III. adv. 1. 
Immediately. 2. Directly. 3. Without di- 
lution; as, whiskey straight. [A. S. streht, 
p.p. of streccan, stretch.] 

STRAIGHT- A WAY (strat'a-wa), n. Straight 
course, especially the straight stretch of a race- 
track. 

STRAIGHTEN (strat'n), vt. [pr.p. STRAIGHT'- 
ENING; p.t. and p.p. STRAIGHTENED (straf- 
nd).] Make straight; free from confusion. 

STRAIGHTFORWARD (strat-far'ward), a. Go- 
ing forward in a straight course; honest; 
open; downright. 

STRAIGHTFORWARDLY (strat-far'ward-li), 
adv. In a straightforward manner. 

STRAIGHTFORWARDNESS (strat-tar'ward- 
ncs), n. Quality or state of being straight- 
forward. 

STRAIGHTWAY (strat'wa), adv. Immediately; 
without loss of time. 

STRAIN (stran), n. Race; stock; generation; 
descent. [A. S. strynd, stock — streonan, be- 
get.] 

STRAIN (stran), v. [pr.p. STRAIN'ING; p.t and 
p.p. STRAINED (strand).] I. vt. 1. Stretch; 
exert to the utmost. 2. Injure by overtask- 



ing. 3. Constrain; make uneasy or unnatural. 

4. Filter. II. vi. 1. Make violent efforts. 

2. Pass through a filter. [O. Fr. streindre — 

L. stringo, stretch tight.] 
STRAIN (stran), n. 1. Act of straining; violent 

effort; injury inflicted by straining. 2. Note; 

sound; song; style. 
STRAINER (stran'er), n. 1. One who strains. 

2. Utensil for straining or liltering liquids. 
STRAIT (strat), I. a. 1. Difficult; distressful. 

2. Strict; rigorous. 3. Narrow ; tight. II. n. 

1. Narrow passageway, specifically in the 
ocean between two portions of land. 2. Dif- 
ficulty; distress; poverty. [O. Fr. estreit (Fr. 
etroit) — L. strictus, p.p. of stringo, draw tight.] 

STRAITEN (strat'n), vt. [pr.p. STRAIT'ENING; 
p.t. and p.p. STRAITENED (strat'nd).] 1. 
Make strait or narrow; confine. 2. Draw 
tight. 3. Distress; put into difficulties. 

STRAIT-JACKET (strat'jak-et), n. Garment 
to restrain the arms of a delirious person or a 
violent lunatic. 

STRAIT-LACED (strat'last), a. Rigid or narrow- 
in opinion. 

STRAITNESS (strat'nes), w. 1. Narrowness. 2. 
Distress; difficulty. 

Straits Settlements. British colony on 

Strait of Malacca, East Indies. Area 1,472 

sq. m. 
STRAKE (strak), n. 1. Streak; strip; long rut 

or crack. 2. Tire of a wheel. 3. Contin- 
uous line of planks from stem to stern of a 

ship. 
STRAMONIUM (stra-mo'ni-um), n. Shrub or 

herb (Datura stramonium), 

with fetid odor, used as 

remedy for asthma; white 

thorn-apple; jimson weed. 
STRAND (strand), n. Beach 

of the sea or of a lake; 

shore. [A. S.] 
STRAND (strand), v. [pr.p. 

STRANDING; p.t. and p.p. 

STRANDED.] I. vt. 1. 

Run aground, as a ship. 2. 

Bring to a standstill; wreck. 

II. vi. Drift or be driven 

aground on the sea-shore. 
STRAND (strand), n. One of the strings or twists 

that compose a rope. [Dut. streen, skein.] 
STRAND (strand), vt. [pr.p. STRANDING; p.t. 

and p.p. STRAND'ED.] 1. Break a strand of. 

2. Twist into a strand. 

STRANGE ( stran j), a. 1. Foreign. 2. Not 
formerly known, heard or seen. 3. Causing 
surprise or curiosity; marvelous; unusual; 
odd. 4. Belonging to another. [O. Fr. es- 
trange (Fr. etrange) — L. extraneus — extra, be- 
yond.] 

STRANGELY (stranj'li), adv. In a strange man- 
ner. 

STRANGENESS (stranj'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being strange. 




Fruit of Stramo- 
nium. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



STRANGER 



1061 



STREAK 



STRANGER (stran'jer), «. 1. Foreigner. 2. 
One unknown or unacquainted. 3. Guest; 
visitor. 4. Outsider. [O. Fr. estranger. See 
STRANGE.] 

STRANGLE (Strang 'gl), v. [pi .p. STRAN- 
GLING; p.t. and p.p. STRANGLESXstrang'gld).] 

I. vt. Compress the throat of, so as to pre- 
vent breathing and destroy life; choke; hinder 
from emergence or appearance; suppress. 

II. vi. Be choked or strangled. [L. strangulo 
— Gr. strango, draw tight.] 

STRANGLER (strang'gler), n. One who or that 
which strangles. 

STRANGULATED (strang'gu-la-ted), a. Having 
the circluation stopped by compression; ob- 
structed so as to stop function. 

STRANGULATION (strang-gu-la'shun), n. 1. 
Act of strangling. 2. Compression of the 
throat, causing partial or complete suffoca- 
tion. 3. State of being strangulated. 

STRANGURY (strang'gu-ri), w. Pathol. Painful 
retention of, or difficulty in discharging, water. 
[Gr. strangouria.] 

STRAP (strap), n. 1. Narrow strip of cloth or 
leather for fastening about objects. 2. Razor 
strop. 3. Iron plate secured by screw-bolts, for 
connecting two or more timbers. [A.S. slropp.] 

STRAP (strap), vt. [pr.p. STRAP'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. STRAPPED (strapt).] 1. Beat or bind 
with a strap. 2. Strop. 

STRAPPER (strap'er), n. 1. One who uses a 
strap. 2. Tall, strapping person. 

STRAPPING (strap'ing), a. Large and strong; 
robust. (Colloq.) 

STRASBURG (stras'btirg), n. City, Germany, 
capital of Alsace-Lorraine. 

STRATA (stra'ta), n. Plural of STRATUM. 

STRATAGEM (strat'a-jem), n. Artifice, espe- 
cially in war; plan for deceiving an enemy or 
gaining an advantage. [Gr. strategema — 
strategos, general — stratos, army, and ago, 
lead.] 

STRATEGIC (stra-tej'ik or stra-te'jik), STRA- 
TEGICAL (stra-tej'ik-al), a. Pertaining to or 
done by strategy. 

STRATEGICALLY (stra-tej'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
strategic manner. 

STRATEGIST (strat'e-jist), n. One skilled in 
strategy. 

STRATEGY (strat'e-ji), n. [pi. STRATEGIES.] 
1. Art of conducting a campaign and maneu- 
vering an army; generalship. 2. Use of strat- 
agem. 

STR ATFORD-ON- A VON (straff ord-on-a'vun) , 
n. Town, England. 

STRATH (strath), n. Extensive valley through 
which a river runs. [St.] 

STRATIFICATION (strat-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act 
of stratifying or state of being stratified. 

STRATIFORM (straf i-farm), a. Formed in or 
like strata. 

STRATIFY (strafi-fi), vt. [pr.p. STRATIFY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. STRATIFIED (strat'1-fld).] 




Strawberry-bass (Pomoxys 
sparoides) . 



Form or lay in strata or layers. [Fr. 
stratifier — L. stratum, layer, and facio, make.] 

STRATUM (stra'tum), n. [pi. STRATA (stra'ta).] 
1. Layer of material, either naturally or 
artficially formed. 2. Geol. Bed of earth or 
rock, formed by natural causes. [L. sterno, 
stratum, spread out.] 

STRATUS (stratus), n. Form of cloud in hori- 
zontal layers. [L.] 

STRAW (stra), I. n. 1. Stalk on which grain 
grows. 2. Quantity of same when thrashed. 
3. Anything worthless. II. a. Composed of, or 
of the nature of, straw. — Straw bail, bail given 
by an impecunious person; worthless bail. 
[A. S. stredw — root of STREW.] 

STRAWBERRY (stra'ber-i), n. [pi. STRAW- 
BERRIES.] Plant of the genus Fragaria, or its 
edible fruit. [A.S. stredwberie, perh. so named 
because its runners are long like straws.] 

STRAWBERRY-BASS (stra'ber-i-bas), n. Fresh- 
water food fish 
(Pomoxys spa- 
roides), of the 
lakes and rivers 
of central and 
eastern United 
States. 

STRAWBERRY- 
TREE (stra'ber- 
i-tre), n. Euro- 
pean evergreen 
tree bearing edible fruit of the color and shape 
of strawberries. 

STRAWBOARD (stra'bord), n. Paper board 
made of straw pulp. 

STRAW-WORM (stra'wurm), n. 1. Caddis- 
worm. 2.Hy- 
menopterous 
insect whose 
larva} are de- 
structive to 
the straw of 
wheat and 
other grain. 
I s o s o m a 
grande is the 
species spe- 
cially injuri- 
ous to wheat. 

STRAWY (stra'i), 
straw. 

STRAY (stra;, vi. [pr.p. STRAYING; p.t. and 
p.p. STRAYED (strad).] 1. Wander; go from 
an inclosure, company, or proper limits. 2. 
Err; rove; deviate from duty or rectitude. 
[O. Fr. estraier — L. stratarius, wandering — 
strata, street.] 

STRAY (stra), I. n. Domestic animal that has 
strayed or is lost; estray. II. a. Strayed; 
wandering; as, stray sheep. 

STREAK (strek), n. 1. Line or long mark. 2. 
Peculiar mark made by a substance, as ore, 
when rubbed on a rough hard surface, as of 




Straw-worm (Isosoma grande). 

Made of or resembling 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then., kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STREAK 



1062 



STRIFE 



unelazed porcelain. 3. Trait of character; 
vein. 4. Strake. [A. S. strica, line.] 

STREAK (strek), vt. [pr.p. STREAKING; p.*. 
and p.p. STREAKED (strekt).] Form streaks 
in ; mark with streaks. 

STREAKED (strekt or strek'ed), a. Marked 
with streaks or lines of different colors; 
striped. 

STREAKY (strek'i), a. 31arked with streaks; 
streaked; striped. 

STREAM (strem), n. 1. Current of water, air or 
light, etc. 2. Anything forcible, flowing, and 
continuous. 3. Drift; tendency. [A. S.] 

SYN. Brook; rivulet; streamlet; creek; 
channel; current; flow; river; rill; race; 
tide; drift; flume; eddy. ANT. Stagnation; 
stillness. 

STREA3I (strem), v. [pr.p. STREAM'TNG; p.t. 
and p.p. STREAMED (stremd).] I. vi. 1. 
Flow in a stream; pour out abundantly; over- 
flow with. 2. Stretch in a long line; float 
out; wave. II. vt. Cause to flow in a stream; 
float out; wave. 

STREAMER (strem'er), n. 1. Long, narrow 
flag flowing in the wind; pennant. 2. Any- 
thing long and narrow which streams out, as 
a ribbon from a hat or gown. 3. Luminous 
beam shooting upward from the horizon. 

STREAMLET (strem'let), n. Little stream. 

STREAMY (strem'i), a. 1. Abounding with 
streams. 2. Flowing in a stream. 

STREET (stret), n. Road in a city lined with 
houses, wider than a lane. [A. S. street — L. 
strata (via), paved (way).] 

STREET-ARAB ( stret 'ar-ab), n. Neglected out- 
cast boy or girl of the street. 

STREET-CAR (stretkar), ». Car that runs on 
a street-railway. 

STREET-DOOR (stretdor), n. Door that opens 
into the street. 

STREET-RAILWAY (stret'ral-wa), n. Rail- 
way laid along a street of a town or city for 
the conveyance of passengers; surface rail- 
way laid along a street, as opposed to an ele- 
vated railway. 

STRENGTH (strength), n. 1. Quality of being 
strong; active or passive power; force; vigor. 
2. Solidity; toughness; power to resist. 3. 
Intensity; brightness. 4. Support; security; 
validity. 5. Potency of liquors; amount of 
alcohol contained. [A. S. strengthu — Strang, 
strong.] 

SYN. Conclusiveness; authority; hard- 
ness; firmness; impregnability; spirit; ex- 
cellence. ANT. Weakness; feebleness; in- 
security; frailty. 

STRENGTHEN (strength 'n), v. [pr.p. STRENTH'- 
ENING; p.t. and p.p. STRENGTHENED 
(strength'nd).] I. vt. Make strong or stronger. 
II. vi. Become stronger. 

STRENUOSITY (stren-u-os'i-tl), n. Strenuous- 
ness. 

STRENUOUS (stren'u-us), a. 1. Eagerly active; 



energetic; vigorous; urgent; zealous; bold. 
2. Necessitating exertion. [L. strenuus.] 

STRENUOUSLY (stren'u-us-li), adv. In a stren- 
uous manner. 

STRENUOUSNESS (stren'u-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being strenuous. 

STREPTOCOCCUS (strep-to-kok'us), n. [pi. 
STREPTOCOCCI (strep-to-kok'si).] Kind of 
bacterium that appears in chain form. [Gr. 
streptos, twisted.] 

-STRESS, suffix. Feminine termination denoting 
agency or occupation; as, seamstress, 

STRESS (stres), n. 1. Force; pressure; urgency; 
strain. 2. Violence, as of the weather. [Short 
form of DISTRESS.] 

STRETCH (strech), v. [pr.p. STRETCH'ING; p.U 
and p.p. STRETCHED (strecht).] I. vt. 1. 
Extend; draw out; expand; reach out. 2. 
Exaggerate; carry further than is right. II. 
vi. Be extended; extend without breaking. 
[A. S. streccan.] 

STRETCH (strech), n. 1. Act of stretching. 2. 
Reach; extension. 3. State of being stretched. 
4. Utmost extent of meaning. 5. Course; 
straight part of the way. 6. Turn; shift. 

STRETCHER (strech er), n. 1. Anything used 
for stretching. 2. Frame for carrying the 
sick or dead ; litter. 3. Footboard for a rower. 
4. Brick laid the long way. 5. Tie-timber 
in a frame. 6. Folder of book covers. 

STREW (stro), vt. [pr.p. STREWING; p.U 
STREWED (strod) ; p.p. STREWED or STREWN 
(stron).] Spread by scattering; scatter loosely. 
[A. S. streowian.] 

STRIATED (stria-ted), a. Marked with small 
parallel channels. [L. stria, furrow.] 

STRIATION (stri-a'shun), n. State or condition 
of being striated. 

STRICKEN (strik'n), v. Past participle of 
STRIKE. — Stricken in years, very old. 

STRICT (strikt), a. 1. Exact; rigorously nice. 
2. Severe. [L. strictus — stringo, draw tight.] 

SYN. Tight; taut; precise; rigorous; ac- 
curate; close; nice; punctilious. ANT. Loose; 
lax; inexact; lenient; mild; indulgent. 

STRICTURE (strik'tur), n. 1. Morbid contrac- 
tion of a passage of the body. 2. Unfavor- 
able criticism. 

STRIDE (strid), v. [pr.p. STRI'DING; p.t. 
STRODE (strod); p.p. STRIDDEN (strid'n).] 

I. vi. 1. Walk with long steps. 2. Straddle. 

II. vt. 1. Pass over at a step. 2. Bestride. 
[A. S. bestridan, stretch.] 

STRIDE (strid), n. Long, measured, or pom- 
pous step. 

STRIDENT (strident), a. Creaking; grating 
harsh. [L. stridens.] 

STR1DULATE (strid'u-lat), vi. [pr.p STRID'- 
UEATING; p.t. and p.p. STRID'ULATED.] 
Make a harsh grating noise. 

STRIFE (strif), n. Contention for superiority; 
emulation. [See STRIVE.] 

SYN. Contest; conflict; struggle; fight; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, birrn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c£ in Scotch loch. ' 



STRIKE 



1063 



STRONG-MINDED 



quarrel; battle; war. ANT. Peace; amity ; 
good-will ; friendliness. 
STRIKE (strik), v. [pr.p. STRI'KING ; p.t . STRUCK 
(struk) ;p.p. STRUCK or STRICKEN(strick'en).] 

1. vt. 1. Give a blow to; hit with force; dash 
against. 2. Stamp ; coin. 3. Cause to sound. 
4. Let down, as a sail or flag. 5. Affect 
strongly ; affect with alarm or surprise. 6. Make, 
as a compact or agreement. 7. Hit upon; find. 
II. vi. 1. Give a quick blow; dash. 2. Sound; 
indicate the time by sounds. 3. Touch; run 
aground. 4. Pass quickly; dart. 5. Lower 
the flag in token of respect or surrender. 6. 
Stop work along with others to exact some ad- 
vantage from an employer. [A. S. strican, go.] 

STRIKE (strik), n. 1. Act of hitting with force. 

2. Act of employees in quitting work in a body 
usually to force higher wages or shorter 
hours or to prevent lower wages or longer 
hours. 3. Lucky strike or venture. 4. Base- 
ball. Ratsman's failure to hit fairly, or his 
neglect to strike at, a good pitched ball. 

STRIKER (stri'ker), n. 1. One who strikes. 2. 
Workman who is on strike. 

STRIKING ( stri'king) , a. Prominent ; surprising ; 
impressive. 

STRIKINGLY (stri'king-li), adv. In a striking 
manner. 

STRING (string), n. 1. Small cord or strip for 
tying. 2. Nerve; tendon. 3. Cord of a 
musical instrument. 4. Cord on which 
things are filed. 5. Series of things. [A. S. 
strenge.] 

STRING (string), vt. [pr.p. STRING'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. STRUNG (strung).] 1. Supply with 
strings. 2. Put in tune. 3. Put on a string. 
4. Make tense or firm. 5. Take the strings off. 

STRINGED (stringd), a. Having strings. 

STRINGENCY (strin'j en-si), n. Quality or state 
of being stringent. 

STRINGENT (strin'jent), a. 1. Rinding strongly; 
urgent. 2. Constrained; tight. [See STRICT.] 

STRINGENTLY (strin'jent-li), adv. In a strin- 
gent manner. 

STRINGER (string'er), n. 1. Horizontal beam 
connecting two uprights. 2. Mining. Small 
vein ; irregular, thin lode. 

STRINGINESS (string'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stringy. 

STRINGY (string'i), a. 1. Consisting of small 
threads; fibrous. 2. Viscid; ropy. 

STRIP (strip), v. [pr.p. STRIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
STRIPPED (stript).] I. vt. 1. Pull off in 
strips or stripes; tear off. 2. Deprive of a 
covering; skin; make bare; expose. 3. Plun- 
der. II. vi. Undress. [A . S. strypan.] 

STRIP (strip), n. Long narrow piece, as of wood, 
cloth, etc. 

STRIPE (strip), n. 1. Rlow, as one made with 
a lash, rod, etc. 2. Discolored mark made by 
a lash or rod. 3. Long narrow division of a 
different color from the ground. 4. Kind or 
character. [O. Dut. strijpe.] 



STRIPE (strip), vt. [pr.p. STRIPING; p.t. and 

p.p. STRIPED (stript).] 1. Make stripes upon. 

2. Form with lines of different colors. 
STRIPED (stri'ped or stript), a. Marked with 

stripes; having stripes. 
STRIPLING (stripping), n. Youth; lad. [Dim. 

Of STRIP.] 
STRIPPER (strip'er), n. One who or that which 

strips. 
STRIPY (stri'pi), a. Marked with stripes. 
STRIVE (striv), vi. [pr.p. STRIVING; p.t. 

STROVE; p.p. STRIVEN (striv'n).] 1. Make 

efforts; labor hard. 2. Struggle; contend. 3. 

Compete; vie. [O. Fr. estriver — root of Ger. 

streben.] 
STRIVER (stri'ver), n. One who strives. 
STRORILE (strob'il), n. Cone, as of a pine. 

[L.L. strobiius, pine-cone.] 
STRODE (strod), v. Past tense of 

STRD3E. 
STROKE (strok), n. 1. Blow. 2. 

Sudden attack; calamity. 3. Sound 

of a clock. 4. Dash in writing 

or drawing. 5. Sweep of an oar, 

in rowing. 6. Movement of a 

piston of a steam-engine. 




of 



Strobile 
7. Strong P ine * n sec- 
effort. 8. Act; performance. 9. tl0n 
Act of stroking. [A. S. strdc, p.t. of strican, go.] 

STROKE (strok), vt. [pr.p. STROKING; p.t. 
and p.p. STROKED (strokt).] 1. Rub gently 
in one direction. 2. Masonry. Work the 
face of so as to produce a fluted surface, said 
of stone. 

STROKE-OAR (strok'or), n. 1. Aftmost oar 
in a boat. 2. Strokesman. 

STROKER (stro'ker), n. One who strokes. 

STROKESMAN (stroks'man), n. Aftmost rower, 
whose stroke leads. 

STROLL (strol), vi. [pr.p. STROLL'EVG; p.t. and 
p.p. STROLLED (strold).] Ramble idly or 
leisurely; wander on foot. [Dan. struyge.] 

STROLL (strol), n. A wandering on foot; leis- 
urely, idle ramble. 

STROLLER (strol'er), n. One who strolls. 

STRONG (Strang), a. [comp. STRONGER; superl. 
STRONG'EST.] 1. Having physical power. 
2. Hale; hearty; able to endure; solid. 3. 
Well fortified. 4. Having wealth or resources, 
5. Moving with rapidity ; impetuous. 6. Valid ; 
forcible; affecting the senses, or the mind, 
forcibly. 7. Containing a large proportion 
of something, especially alcohol; intoxica- 
ting. 8. Rright; intense. [A. S. strong — root 
Of STRING.] 

SYN. Vigorous; robust; stout; power- 
ful; firm; sound; violent; hard; stalwart; 
sinewy; sturdy; tenacious. ANT. Weak; 
frail; feeble. 

STRONGHOLD (strang'hold), n. Fastness; for- 
tified place; fortress. 

STRONGLY (strang'li), adv. In a strong man- 
ner; with force, strength, or power. 

STRONG-MINDED (strang'mind-ed), a. 1. Hav- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, Vih=ch in Scotch loch. 



STROP 



1064 



STUDENT 



ing a vigorous Intellect. 2. Having or affect- 
ing masculine qualities; as, a strong-minded 
woman. 

STROP (strop), n. Strip of leather, or of wood 
covered with leather, etc., for sharpening 
razors. [Older form of STRAP.] 

STROP (strop), vt. [pr.p. STKOP'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. STROPPED (stropt).] Sharpen on a 
strop; as, to strop a razor. 

STROPHE (stro'fe), n. 1. In the ancient drama, 
the song sung by the chorus while moving 
from the right to the left of the orchestra, 
answered while moving back by the anti-stro- 
phe. 2. In ancient lyric poetry, the first of 
two corresponding stanzas. 3. Rhymed stanza. 
[Gr. strepho, turn.] 

STROPHIC (strof'ik), STROPHICAL (strof Ile- 
al), a. Relating to or consisting of strophes. 

STROUD (strowd), n. Kind of coarse blanket, 
worn by N. American Indians. 

STROVE (strov), v. Past tense of STRIVE. 

STROW (stro), vt. [pr.p. STROW'ING; p.t. 
STROWED (strod) ; p.p. STROWED or 
STROWN (stron).] Same as STREW. 

STRUCK (struk), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of STRIKE. 

STRUCTURAL ( struk 'tur-al), a. 1. Of, per- 
taining to, or characterized by structure. 2. 
Adapted for building purposes; as, structural 
steel or iron. 

STRUCTURE (struk'tur), ». 1. Manner of 
building; construction. 2. Building. 3. Ar- 
rangement of parts or particles in a sub- 
stance or body. [L. structura — struo, build,] 

STRUGGLE (strug'l), vi. [pr.p. STRUG'GLING; 
p.U and p.p. STRUGGLED (strug'ld).] 1. 
Make great efforts with contortions of the 
body. 2. Make great exertions. 3. Con- 
tend; labor in pain. [Etym. doubtful.] 

STRUGGLE (strug'l), n. 1. Violent effort with 
contortions of the body. 2. Great labor. 3. 
Contention; fight. 4. Agony. 

STRUSI (strum), vt. [pr.p. STRUMMING; p.t. 
and p.p. STRUMMED (strumd).] Play on 
(as a musical instrument) in a coarse, noisy 
manner. [Variant of THRUM.] 

STRUMA (stroma), n. [pi. STRUMA.] 1. 
Swelling in a plant. 2. Scrofula. 3. Goiter. 
[L.] 

STRU31PET (strum'pet), w. Dissolute woman. 

STRUNG (strung), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of STRING. 

STRUT (strut), vi. [pr.p. STRUT'TING; p.U and 
p.p. STRUT'TED.] Walk in a pompous man- 
ner. [Ger. strotzen* be swollen or puffed 
up.] 

STRUT ( strut), "n. Proud, pompous step in walk- 
ing. 

STRUT (strut), n. Bar or beam designed to resist 
pressure in the direction of its length; brace; 
opposed to TIE. 

STRYCHNIC (strik'nik), a. Of, pertaining to, 
obtained from, or containing, strychnine. 



STRYCHNINE (strik'nin), STRYCHNIA (strik'- 
ni-a), n. Poisonous vegetable alkaloid, a 
powerful neurotic stimulant. (Gr. 8trychno8 t 
nightshade.] 

STRYCHNOS (strik'nos), n. Genus of plants 
(trees, shrubs and vines) of the order Logani- 
acece, having valve-like lobes in the corolla, 
two-celled ovary, and spherical pulpy berry, 
with hard rind, the seeds of many species poi- 
sonous, the fruit of some species used as food. 

STUB (stub), n. 1. Stump left after a tree is cut 
down. 2. Short remaining piece. 3. Any- 
thing stumpy. [A. S. styb.] 

STUB (stub), vt. [pr.p. STUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
STUBBED (stubd.] 1. Remove stubs or roots 
from. 2. Strike, as the toes, against a stump 
or other object. 

STUBBED (stubd), a. Short and thick like a 
stub or stump; blunt; obtuse. 

STUBBEDNESS (stub'ed-nes), STUBBINESS 
(stub'i-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
stubby. 

STUBBLE (stub'l), n. Stubs of wheat, oats, etc., 
left after reaping. [Dim. of STUB.] 

STUBBORN (stub'urn), a. Immovably fixed in 
opinion; obstinate. [From STUB.] 

SYN. Obdurate; headstrong; intractable; 
unyielding; uncompromising; inflexible; re- 
fractory; stiff; contumacious; pig-headed. 
ANT. Docile; tractable; pliant; pliable. 

STUBBORNLY (stub'urn-li), adv. In a stubborn 
manner. 

STUBBORNNESS (stuburn-nes), n. Quality op 
state of being stubborn. 

STUBBY (stub'i), o. 1. Abounding with stubs. 

2. Short and thick; stubbed. 

STUCCO (stuk'o), n. 1. Plaster of lime and fine 
sand, etc., used for decorations, etc. 2. Work 
done in stucco. [It. — O. Ger. stucchi, crust.] 

STUCCO (stuk'6), vt. [pr.p. STUCCOING; p.U 
and p.p. STUCCOED (stuk'od).] 1. Face or 
overlay with stucco. 2. Form in stucco. 

STUCK (stuk), v. Past tense and past participle 
of STICK. 

STUCK-UP (stuk'up), a. Haughty; insolent; 
overbearing; snobbish. (Colloq.) 

STUD (stud), n. 1. Collection of breeding horses 
and mares. 2. The place where they are kept. 

3. Collection of fine horses. [A*. S. stdd.] 
STUD (stud), n, 1. Nail with a large head. 

2. Removable, ornamental button. 3. Up- 
right beam or scantling. [A. S. studu t post, 
nail.] 

STUD (stud), vt. [pr.p. STUD'DING; p.U and 
p.p. STUDDED.] Set or adorn with studs, or 
other prominent objects. 

STUDDING (stud'ing), n. 1. Studs or joists col- 
lectively. 2. Material for studs or joists. 

STUDDING-SAIL (stud'ing-sal), n. Sail set in 
a light wind out.beyond a principal sail. 

STUDENT (stu'dent), n. 1. One who studies; 
learner; scholar. 2. One devoted to learning, 
especially to books. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, Inirn, 



STUDFISH 



1065 



STUNTED 




STUDFISH (stud 'fish), n. Handsome American 
minnow of the genus 
Fundulus, about six in- 
ches long, abundant in 
the Tennessee and Cum- 

* erla ^V iVerS - Studfish (Fundulus 

STUDHORSE (stud'hars), catenatus). 

n. Breeding horse; stallion. 

STUDIED (stud'id), a. 1. Qualified by, or versed 
in, study; learned. 2. Planned with delibera- 
tion ; premeditated. 

STUDIO (stu'di-6), n. [pi. STU'DIOS.] Work- 
shop of an artist. [It.] 

STUDIOUS (stu'di-us), a. 1. Given to study; 
thoughtful; diligent. 2. Careful (with of). 3. 
Studied; deliberately planned. 

STUDIOUSLY (stu'di-us-li), adv. In a studious 
manner. 

STUDIOUSNESS (stu'di-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being studious. 

STUDY (stud'i), v. [pr.p. STUD'YING; p.t. and 
p.p. STUDIED (stud'id).] I. vt. 1. Apply the 
mind to for the purpose of learning. 2. Con- 
sider attentively. 3. Be zealous for. II. vi. 1. 
Apply the mind to books or learning. 2. Fix 
the mind attentively; meditate. [O. Fr. 
estudier — L. studeo y be eager.] 

STUDY (stud'i), n. [pi. STUD'IES.] 1. Act of 
studying; the setting of the mind upon a sub- 
ject; absorbed attention. 2. Application to 
books, etc. 3. Object of attentive considera- 
tion; branch of learning. 4. Boom devoted 
to study. 

STUFA (sto'fa), n. Jet of steam issuing from the 
earth. [It.] 

STUFF (stuf), n. 1. Material of which anything 
is made. 2. Textile fabrics, cloth, especially 
woolen. 3. Worthless matter. [O. Fr. estoffe 
(Fr. etoffe) — L. stupa, coarse part of flax.] 

STUFF (stuf), v. [pr.p. STUFF'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
STUFFED (stuft).] I. vt. 1. Fill by crowding. 
2. Fill very full. 3. Press in ; crowd. 4. Fill 
with seasoning, etc., as a fowl. 5. FilKthe skin 
of a dead animal), so as to reproduce its living 
form. 6. Fill or cram with that which is im- 
material; as, to stuff a story with moralities. 7. 
Fill with, or place in, that which is fraudulent; 
as, to stuff a ballot box with fictitious votes. 
II. vi. Feed gluttonously. 

STUFFED (stuft), a. Filled with stuffing. 

STUFFEB (stuf'er), n. One who or that which 
stuffs. 

STUFFINESS (stuf'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being stuffy. 

STUFFING (stuf'ing), n. That with which any- 
thing is, or is to be, filled or stuffed. 

STUFFY (stuf'i), a. [comp. STUFFIER; superl. 
STUFF'IEST.] 1. Difficult to breathe in; 
close; musty. 2. Causing difficult breathing; 
as, a stuffy cold. 

STULTIFICATION (stul-ti-fi-ka'shun), ». Act 
of stultifying or state of being stultified. 

STULTIFIES (stul'ti-fi-er), n. One who stultifies. 



STULTIFY (stul'ti-fi), vt. [pr.p. STUL'TIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. STULTIFIED (stultl-fied).J 
Make a fool of; destroy the force of (one's 
argument) by self-contradiction. [L. stultus, 
foolish, and facio, make.] 

STUM (stum), n. Unfermented grape-Juice; 
must; new wine. [Dut. stom, mute, still.] 

STUMBLE (stum'bl), vi. [pr.p. STUM'BLING; 
p.t. and p.p. STUMBLED (stum'bld).] 1. 
Strike the feet against something and come 
near falling; trip in walking. 2. (with upon) 
Find by accident. 3. Fall into crime or error. 
[From root of STAMMER.] 

STUMBLE (stum'bl), n. 1. Trip In walking or 
running. 2. Blunder; fall into sin. 

STUMBLING-BLOCK (stum'bling-blok), n. Ob- 
struction; cause of error. 

STUMP (stump), n. 1. Part of a tree left in the 
ground after the trunk is cut down. 2. Part of 
a body remaining after a part is cut off or de- 
stroyed. 3. One of the three sticks forming a 
wicket in cricket. 4. Stub. [Dut. stomp.] 

STUMP (stump), v. [pr.p. STUMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. STUMPED (stumpt).] I. vt. 1. Reduce 
to a stump. 2. Cut off a part of. 3. Knock 
down (the wicket) in cricket when the batsman 
Is out of his ground. 4. Bring to a halt; non- 
plus. 5. Make a canvass of as a stump- 
speaker. II. vi. Make stump-speeches. 

STUMPER (stump'er), n. 1. One who stumps. 
2. Something that puzzles. 

STUMPINESS (stump'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stumpy. 

STUMP-SPEAKER (stump'spek-er), n. Political 
speaker who travels from place to place during 
an election campaign. 

STUMP-SPEECH (stump'spech), n. Speech 
made from a stump or temporary platform; 
speech made by a stump-speaker. 

STUMPY (stump'i), a. 1. Full of stumps. 2. 
Short and thick; stubby. 

STUN (stun), vt. [pr.p. STUN'NING; p.f.andp.p. 
STUNNED (stund).] 1. Stupefy with a loud 
noise, or with a blow. 2. Surprise completely; 
amaze. [A. S. stunian.] 

STUNG (stung), v. Past tense and past participle 
of STING. 

STUNK (stungk), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of STINK. 

STUNNER (stun'er), n. 1. One who or that 
which stuns. 2. Something that astonishes; 
something remarkable. 

STUNNING (stun'ing), a. Of unusual or extra- 
ordinary qualities. (Slang.) 

STUNT (stunt), vt. [pr.p. STUNT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. STUNT'ED.] Hinder from growing; 
check in growth. [A. S. stunt, dull, obtuse, 
stupid — stintan, stop.] 

STUNT (stunt), n. 1. Any short or stunted thing. 
2. Two-year old whale with little blubber. 3. 
Feat of mental or physical strength or agil- 
ity; short stage performance. (Colloq. U. S.) 

STUNTED (stunt'ed), o. Hindered from growth. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



STTJNTEDNESS 



1066 



SUAVE 



STTJNTEDNESS (stunt'ed-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being stunted. 

STUPA (stu'pa), STUPE (stup), n. Flannel, flax, 
or other such article saturated with hot wa- 
ter, plain or medicated, wrung out and applied 
to a sore or wound. [L. stupa, tow.] 

STUPE (stup), vt. [pr.pc STU'PING; p.U and p.p. 
STUPED (stupt).] Apply a stupa to; foment. 

STUPEFACTION (stu-pe-fak'shun), n. 1. Act 
of making stupid or senseless. 2. Insensibility; 
stupidity. 

STUPEFACTIVE (stu-pe-fak'tiv), a. Causing 
stupefaction. 

STUPEFIER (stu'pe-fi-er), n. One who or that 
which stupefies. 

STUPEFY (stu'pe-fi), vt. [pr.p. STU'PEFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. STUPEFIED (stu'pe-fid).] De- 
prive of sensibiilty; make stupid. [L. stupeo, be 
struck senseless, and facio, make.] 

STUPENDOUS (stu-pen'dus), a. Of wonderful 
magnitude: amazing. [L. stupendus.] 

STUPENDOUSLY (stu-pen'dus-li), adv. In a 
stupendous manner. 

STUPENDOUSNESS (stu-pen'dus-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being stupendous. 

STUPID (stupid), a. 1. Insensible. 2. Deficient 
or dull in understanding. 3. Formed or done 
without reason or judgment. [L. stupidus.] 
SYN. Sluggish; obtuse; foolish; unskill- 
ful; senseless; stolid. ANT. Quick; sharp; 
bright; clever; sagacious; sensible. 

STUPIDITY (stu-pidi-ti), STUPIDNESS (stu- 
pid-nes), n. Quality or state of being stupid. 

STUPIDLY (stu'pid-li), adv. In a stupid way. 

STUPOR (stu'pur), n. 1. Suspension of feeling; 
lethargy. 2. Insensibility, intellectual or 
moral. [L. — stupeo, be amazed.] 

SYN. Coma; asphyxia; apathy; syncope. 
ANT. Liveliness ; animation ; activity. 

STURDILY (stur'di-li), adv. In a sturdy manner. 

STURDINESS (stur'di-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sturdy. 

STURDY (stiir'di), a. 1. Resolute; firm; forci- 
ble. 2. Strong; robust; stout. [O. Fr. estourdi, 
astonished.] 

STURGEON (stur'jun), n. Large cartilaginous 
fish yielding 
caviare and 
isinglass 
and used for 
food. [O. Fr. 
es tur g e on 
— M. L. sturio- 
iga), sturgeon.] 

STUTTER (stut'er), vi. [pr.p. STUT'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. STUTTERED (stut'erd).] Hesi- 
tate in speaking; stammer. [Ice. stauta.] 

STUTTER (stut'er), n. Act of stuttering; hesita- 
tion in speaking. 

STUTTERER (stut'*r-er), n. One who stutters. 

STUTTERING (stut'Sr-ing), I. a. Speaking with 
a stutter. II. n. Hesitation or stammering in 
speaking. 




Sturgeon (Acipenser sturio). 
O. H. Ger. sturjo (A. S. styr- 



STUTTERINGLY (stut'er-ing-li), adv. In a 
stuttering manner. 

STUTTGART (stot'gart), n. Capital of Wiirttem- 
berg, Germany, on the Neckar. 

STY (sti), n. [pi. STIES (stiz).] Small inflamed 
tumor on the eyelid. [A. S. stlgend, swelling 
up — stlgan, rise.] 

STY (sti), n. [pi. STIES (stiz).] Inclosure for 
swine; extremely filthy place. [A. S. stlgu, pen 
for cattle.] 

STYGIAN (stij'i-an), a. Greek Myth. Relating 
to Styx, the river of Hades, over which de- 
parted souls were said to be ferried; infernal. 

STYLE (stil), n. 1. Anything long and pointed, 
especially a pointed tool for engraving or 
writing. 2. Manner of writing; mode of ex- 
pressing thought in language. 3. Character- 
istic or peculiar mode of expression and ex- 
ecution (in the fine arts). 4. Title; mode of 
address. 5. Manner; form; fashion. 6. Pin 
of a dial. 7. Middle portion of the pistil, be- 
tween the ovary and the stigma. — New style, 
modern mode of reckoning the years, intro- 
duced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582, and 
adopted in England in 1751; every year divisi- 
ble by 4 is a leap-year, unless it is also divisible 
by 100, but not by 400. — Old style (often 
written, with a date, O. S.), mode of reckon- 
ing time according to the Julian calendar, 
which prevailed in Europe until the adoption 
of the Gregorian calendar. [L. stilus, stake.] 

STYLE (stil), vt. [pr.p. STY'LING; p.t. and p.p, 
STYLED (stild).] Entitle; name; denominate. 

STYLET (sti'let), n. Sharp, slender instru- 
ment; stiff rod in flexible catheter; probe. 

STYLISH (sti'iish), a. Displaying, or pretending 
to, style ; fashionable. 

STYLISHLY (sti'lish-li), adv. In a stylish way. 

STYLISHNESS (sti'lish-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being stylish. 

STYLIST (stilist), n. Master of literary style. 

STYLOGRAPH (stl'16-graf), n. Pen with a con- 
ical point and an ink reservoir feeding it. 

STYLUS (sti'lus), n. Pointed instrument, espe- 
cially for writing in duplicate style. [L., 
stake.] 

STYPTIC (stip'tik), I. a. That contracts, or 
stops bleeding. II. n. Application which 
checks the flow of blood. [Gr. stypho, con- 
tract.] 

STYX (stiks), n. Greek Myth. Chief river of 
Hades, held in such high esteem by the gods 
that they always swore "By the Styx," an 
oath never violated. 

SuAKIM (swa'kim), n. Seaport, Nubia, on Red 
Sea. 

SUASION (swa'zhun), n. Act of persuading or 
advising; advice. [L. suasio — suadeo, ad- 
vise.] ; r 

SUASIVE (swa'siv), a. Persuasive. 

SUASIVELY (swa'siv-li), adv. In a suasive way. 

SUAVE (swav or swav), a. Pleasant; bland. [L. 
suavis, sweet.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SUAVELY 



1067 



SUBLIME 



SUAVELY (swav'li or swav'li), adv. In a suave 
manner. 

SUAVITY (swav'i-ti), n. [pi. SUAVITIES.] 1. 
Quality or state of being suave. 2. Some- 
thing pleasant or agreeable. 

SUB-, prefix. Under; less ; below. [L. sub, under.] 

SUB (sub), n. One who takes the place of an 
absentee; substitute. [Abbr. of SUBSTITUTE.] 

SUB (sub), vi. [pr.p. SUBBING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUBBED (subd).] Act as a substitute. (Colloq.) 

SUB (sub), n. Subordinate; subaltern. [Abbr. 
Of SUBORDINATE.] 

SUBACID (sub-as'id), a. Slightly acid. 

SUBALTERN (sub-al'tern or sub'al-tern), I. o. 
Inferior; subordinate. II. n. Subordinate; 
commissioned officer in the army under the 
rank of captain. [L. sub, under, and alter, 
another.] 

SUBALTERNATE (sub-al-ter'nat), a. 1. Suc- 
ceeding by turns. 2. Subordinate. 

SUBALTERNATIQN (sub-al-ter-na'shun), n. 1. 
State of inferiority or subjection. 2. A suc- 
ceeding by turns. 

SUBAQUEOUS (sub-a'kwe-us), a. Lying, 
formed, operating or used, under water. 

SUBCONSCIOUS (sub-kon'shus), a. 1. Feebly 
conscious. 2. Occurring in the mind, but not 
In consciousness. — Subconscious mind, term 
applied to mental processes, taken collectively, 
which seem, judging by effects, to go on in the 
mind but not in conciousness. 

SUBCONTRACTOR (sub'kon-trakt-iir), n. One 
who takes a contract under a previous con- 
tractor. 

SUBCOSTAL (sub-kos'tal), a. Situated under 
the ribs; as, the subcostal muscles. [SUB- 
and COSTAL.] 

SUBDIVIDE (sub-di-vid'), v. [pr.p. SUBDIVI'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. SUBDIVIDED.] I. vt. 
Divide into smaller divisions. I. vi. Divide a 
part into smaller divisions. 

SUBDIVISION (sub-di-vizh'un), n. 1. Act of 
subdividing. 2. Part made by subdividing. 

SUBDUABLE (sub-du'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
subdued. 

SUBDUAL (sub-du'al), n. Act of subduing. 

SUBDUE (sub-du), vt. [pr.p. SUBDU'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUBDUED (sub-dud').] 1. Conquer; 
render submissive. 2. Soften; tone down. 
[O. Fr. souduir — L. sub, under, and duco, lead.] 

SYN. Overpower; vanquish; defeat; re- 
duce; overcome; surmount; quell; subju- 
gate. ANT. Aggrandize; exalt; enfranchise. 

SUBEDITOR (sub'ed-i-tur), n. Subordinate or 
assistant editor. 

SUBFAMILY (sub'fam-i-li), n. Biol. Subdivi- 
sion of a family. 

SUBGENUS (sub'je-nus), n. Biol. Subdivision 
of a jenus. 

SUBJACENT (sub-ja'sent), a. Lying under or 
below, being in a lower situation. [L. sub, 
under, and jaceo, lie.] 

SUBJECT (sub'Jekt), I. a. 1. Under the power 



of another. 2. Liable; exposed. II. n. 1. 
One under the power of another; one under 
allegiance to a sovereign. 2. That on which 
any operation is performed; that which is 
treated or handled, 3. That of which any- 
thing is said; topic. [L. subjectus — sub, 
under, and jxcio, throw.] 

SUBJECT (sub-jekf), vt. [pr.p. SUBJECT'ING ; 
p.t. and p.p. SUBJECT 'ED.] 1. Make sub- 
ject or subordinate; bring under. 2. Expose; 
make liable. 3 Cause to undergo. 

SUBJECTION (sub-jek'shun), n. 1. Act of sub- 
jecting. 2. State ct being under the power or 
control of another. 

SUBJECTIVE (sub-jek'tiv), a. 1. Relating to 
the subject. 2. Derived from one's own con- 
sciousness or feelings. 3. Pertaining to the 
mind; opposed to OBJECTIVE. 

SUBJECTIVELY (sub-jek'tiv-li), adv. In a sub- 
jective manner. 

SUBJECTIVENESS (sub-jek'tiv-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being subjective. 

SUBJECTIVISM (sub-jek'tiv-izm), n. Philos. 
Doctrine that human knowledge is, in its 
constitution, purely subjective and relative. 

SUBJECTIVITY (sub=jek-tiv'i-ti), n. [pi. SUB- 
JECTIVITIES.] 1. Quality or state of being 
subjective. 2. Individuality of an author 
or artist, as exhibited in his works. 

SUBJOIN (sub-join'), vt. [pr.p. SUBJOINING; 
p.t and p.p. SUBJOINED (sub-joind').] Add 
at the end or afterward ; affix ; append. 

SUBJUGATE (sub 'jo-gat)., vt. [pr.p. SUB'JU- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. SUBJUGATED.] Bring 
under control; conquer. [L. sub, under, and 
jugum, yoke.] 

SUBJUGATION (sub-J5-ga'shun), n. Act of 
subjugating or state of being subjugated. 

SUBJUGATOR (sub'J6-ga-tur), n. One who 
subjugates or subdues. 

SUBJUNCTIVE (sub-jungk'tiv), I. a. Gram. De- 
noting that form of a verb which refers to 
something not as a fact, but as in the mind of 
somebody. In the sentence "support her, lest 
she fall," the speaker expresses his fear that 
she may fall. II. n. Gram. Subjunctive mood. 
[L. sub, under, and jungo, join.] 

SUBLEASE (sub'les), n. Lease granted by one 
tenant to another; an under-lease. 

SUBLET (sub-let), vt. [pr.p. SUBLET'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUBLET'.] Let or lease, as a 
lessee to another tenant; underlet. 

SUBLIEUTENANT (sub'lu-ten-ant), n. Lowest 
commissioned officer. 

SUBLIMATE (sub'li-mat), vt. [pr.p. SUB'LI- 
MATING; p.t. and p.p. SUBLIMATED.] 1. 
Evaporate by heat and consolidate by cold. 2. 
Refine; exalt. 

SUBLIMATE (sub'li-mat), n. Product of sub- 
limation. 

SUBLIMATION (sub-li-ma'shun), n. Act or 
process of sublimating. 

SUBLIME (sub-lim), I. a. 1. High; lofty. 3. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute* hut. burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Sften, Uh~ch in Scotch loch. 



SUBLIME 



1068 



SUBSECTION 



Majestic ; awakening feelings of awe or vener- 
ation. II. n. 1. That which is sublime, lofty, 
or grand, in thought or style. 2. Emotion 
produced by sublime objects. [L. sublimis, 
lofty.] 

SUBLIME (sub-lim'), v. [pr.p. SUBLIMING; 
p.*. and p.p. SUBLIMED (sub-llmd').] I. vt. 
Sublimate. II. vi. Be sublimated. 

SUBLIMELY (sub-lim'li), adv. In a sublime 
manner. 

SUBLIMENESS (sub-lim 'nes), n. Same as SUB- 
LIMITY. 

SUBLIMINAL (sub-lim'i-nal), I. a. Pertaining 
to subconsciousness; subconscious. II. n. 
Subconscious self. [L. sub, under, and Umen, 
door.] 

SUBLIMITY (sub-lim'i-ti), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being sublime. 2. That which is sub- 
lime. 

SYN. Grandeur; elevation; nobility; ex- 
cellence; magnificence; loftiness. ANT. 
Ugliness; deformity; absurdity. 

SUBLUNAR (sub-lo'nar), SUBLUNARY (sub- 
16-na-ri), a. Under the moon; earthly; be- 
longing to this world. 

SUBMARINE (sub-ma-ren'), I. «. Situated, 
being, existing, acting or 
growing at some depth 
beneath the surface 
of the sea. II. n. 1. 
Submarine plant. 2. 
Submarine boat. — Sub- 
marine armor, diving 
dress for deep-sea ex- 
ploration. — Submarine boat, torpedo-boat 
capable of navigating either on the surface or 
entirely under water. 

SUBMERGE (sub-merj'), v. [pr.p. SUBMER- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. SUBMERGED ( sub- 
in erjd').] I. vt. 1. Plunge or put under water. 
2. Overflow with water; inundate. II. vi. Sink 
out of sight. 

SUBMERGENCE (sub-mer'jens), n. Act of 
submerging. 

SUBMERSED (sub-merst'), a. Being or growing 
under water, as submersed plants. [L. sub- 
mersus, p.p. of submergo, submerge.] 

SUBMISSION (sub-mish'un), n. 1. Act of sub- 
mitting or yielding ; acknowledgment of infe- 
riority or of a fault. 2. Humble behavior; 
resignation. 

SUBMISSIVE (sub-mis'iv), a. Willing to submit; 
yielding; humble; obedient. 

SUBMISSIVELY ( sub-mis 'iv-li), adv. In a sub- 
missive manner; with submission. 

SUBMISSIVENESS (sub-mis'iv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being submissive. 

SUBMIT (sub-mit), v. [pr.p. SUBMITTING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUBMITTED.] I. vt. 1. Yield 
to the power, control, or will of another; used 
reflexively. 2. Place under the control of 
another; resign. 3. Refer or commit to the 
Judgment or discretion of another; as, to sub- 




Submarine Boat. 



mit a question to the court. II. vi. 1. Sur- 
render. 2. Acquiesce in or acknowledge the 
authority of another. 3. Give way in an 
argument. 4. Be submissive. [L. submitto.] 

SUBORDINATE (sub-ar'di-nat), I. a. Lower 
in order, rank, nature, power, etc. II. n. One 
in a lower order or rank; inferior. [L. sub, 
under, and ordinatus, p.p. of ordino, set in 
order.] 

SUBORDINATE (sub-ar'di-nat), vt. [pr.p. SUB- 
ORDINATING; p.t. and p.p. SUBORDI- 
NATED.] 1. Place in a lower order; consider 
of less value. 2. Make subject. 

SUBORDINATELY (sub-ar'di-nat-li), adv. In a 
subordinate manner. 

SUBORDINATION (sub-ar-di-na'shun), n. 1. 
Act of subordinating. 2. State of being sub- 
ordinate. 3. Discipline; obedience. 

SUBORN (sub-arn'), vt. [pr.p. SUBORN'lNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SUBORNED (sub-^rnd').] 1. Procure 
privately or indirectly. 2. Cause to commit 
perjury. [L. suborno — sub, under, and orno, 
supply.] 

SUBORNATION (sub-ar-na'shun), n. Act of 
suborning. 

SUBORNER (sub-arn'er), n. One who suborns. 

SUBPOENA (sub-pe'na), w. Writ commanding 
the attendance of a person in court as a wit- 
ness, under a penalty. — Supoena duces tecum, 
writ commanding the attendance of a witness 
at a trial and ordering him to bring all books, 
writings, etc., bearing on the case. [L. sub, 
under, and pwna, punishment.] 

SUBPCENA (sub-pe'na), vt. [pr.p. SUBPflE'NA- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUBPtE'NAED.] Serve 
with a writ of subpcena. 

SUBROGATE (sub'ro-gat), vt. [pr.p. SUBRO- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. SUBROGATED.] Put 
in place of another; substitute. [L. subrogo, 
substitute.] 

SUBROGATION (sub-ro-ga'shun), n. Substitu- 
tion or succession of one person in place of 
another, with succession to his rights; succes- 
sion of any kind. 

SUB ROSA (sub ro'za). In strict confidence. 
[L„ under the rose.] 

SUBSCRIBE (sub-skrib')s v. [pr.p. SUBSCRI'- 
BING; p.t. and p.p. SUBSCRIBED (sub- 
skribd').] I. vt. 1. Write underneath. 2. 
Attest by writing one's name underneath. 3. 
Promise to pay as a contributor; contribute. 
II. vi. 1. Contribute with others toward any 
object. 2. Enter one's name for a book, 
newspaper, or the like. [L. subscribo.] 

SUBSCRIBER (sub-skri'ber), w. One who sub- 
scribes. 

SUBSCRIPT (sub'skript), c. Written beneath. 
[L. subscriptus, p.p. of subscribo, subscribe.] 

SUBSCRIPTION (sub-skrip'shun), n. I. Act of 
subscribing. 2. Name subscribed. 3. Paper 
with signatures. 4. Consent by signature. 5. 
Sum subscribed. 

SUBSECTION (sub-sek'shun), n. Subdivision. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. ' 



SUBSEQUENT 



1069 



SUBTLENESS 



SUBSEQUENT (sub'se-kwent), a. Following; 
coining after. [L. subsequens, pr.p. of sub- 
sequor, follow closely after — sub, after, and 
sequor, follow.] 

SUBSEQUENTLY (sub'se-kwent-li), adv. At a 
later time or period ; afterward. 

SUBSERVE (sub-serv'), vt. [pr.p. SUBSERV- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUBSERVED (sub-servd').] 
Serve subordinately or instrumentally ; help. 
[L. subservio — sub, under, and servio, serve.] 

SUBSERVIENCY (sub-serv'i-en-si), n. Quality 
or state of being subservient. 

SUBSERVIENT (sub-serv'i-ent), a. Serving to 
promote; subject; submissive. 

SUBSERVIENTLY (sub-serv'i-ent-li), adv. In a 
subservient manner. 

SUBSIDE (sub-sid), vi. [pr.p. SUBSIDING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUBSI'DED.] 1. Settle down; fall to 
the bottom. 2. Fall into a state of quiet; de- 
crease. [L. sub, down, and sedeo, sit.] 

SUBSIDENCE (sub-si'dens), n. Act or process 
of subsiding. 

SUBSIDIARY (sub-sid'i-a-ri), I. a. Furnishing 
help, or additional supplies; aiding. II. n. 
One who or that which aids or supplies; as- 
sistant. 

SUBSIDIZE (sub'si-diz), vt. [pr.p. SUBSIDI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. SUBSIDIZED (sub'si-dizd),] 
1. Furnish with a subsidy. 2. Buy the help 
of by giving a subsidy to, as the press. 3. 
Aid with a grant from the public treasury. 

SUBSIDY (sub'si-di), n. [pi. SUBSIDIES.] 
Assistance; pecuniary aid, especially by one 
state to another in war, or in enterprises of 
great public importance, as railroads, steam- 
ship lines, etc.; subvention. [L. subsidium, 
originally troops stationed behind in reserve 
— sub, under, and sedeo, sit.] 

SUBSIST (sub-sisf), vi. [pr.p. SUBSISTING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUBSIST'ED.] 1. Have existence; 
continue to be. 2. Have the means of living. 
[L. subsisto — sub, under, and sisto, stand.] 

SUBSISTENCE (sub-sist'ens), n. 1. Existence; 
real being. 2. Means of supporting life; 
livelihood. 

SUBSISTENT (sub-sist'ent), a. 1. Having real 
being. 2. Inherent. 

SUBSOIL (sub 'soil), n. Stratum of earth which 
lies immediately beneath the surface soil. 

SUBSTANCE (sub'stans), n. 1. That in which 
Qualities or attributes exist; that which under- 
lies all appearance. 2. Essential part; body; 
matter; solidity. 3. Property; wealth. [L. 
substantia — substo, stand under.] 

SUBSTANTIAL (sub-stan'shal), I. a. 1. Belong- 
ing to or having substance; actually existing; 
real. 2. Solid; material; strong. 3. Having 
property or estate. II. n. [pi.] Essential parts. 

SUBSTANTIALITY (sub-stan-shi-al'i-ti), SUB- 
STANTIALNESS (sub-stan'shal-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being substantial. 

SUBSTANTIALIZE (sub-stan'shal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. 
SUBSTANTIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. SUB- 



STANTIALIZED (sub-stan'shal-izd).] Render 
substantial. 

SUBSTANTIALLY (sub-stan'shal-i), adv. In a 
substantial manner. 

SUBSTANTIATE (sub-stan'shi-at), vt. [pr.p. 
SUBSTANTIATING; p.t. and p.p. SUBSTAN- 
TIATED.] 1. Make substantial or real. 2. 
Prove. 

SUBSTANTIVE (sub'stan-tiv), I. a. 1. Express- 
ing existence. 2. Of real, independent im- 
portance. II. n. Part of speech denoting 
the name of anything; noun. 

SUBSTANTIVELY (sub'stan-tiv-li), adv. 1. Es- 
sentially. 2. Gram. As a substantive or 
noun. 

SUBSTITUTE (sub'sti-tut), vt. [pr.p. SUBSTI- 
TUTING ; p.t. and p.p. SUBSTITUTED.] Put 
in place of another. [L. sub, under, and 
statuo, set, place.] 

SUBSTITUTE (sub'sti-tut), n. One who or that 
which is put in place of another. 

SUBSTITUTION (sub-sti-tu'shun), n. Act of 
substituting or state of being substituted. 

SUBSTRATUM (sub-stratum), n. 1. Stratum 
or layer below another. 2. Substance in 
which qualities exist. 

SUBSTRUCTURE (sub-struk'tur), n. Under- 
structure; foundation. 

SUBTEND (sub-tend'), vt. [pr.p. SUBTEND'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUBTEND'ED.] 1. Extend under ; 
be opposite to. 2. Bot. Inclose in its axil, 
as a leaf. [L. subtendo — sub, urder, and tendo, 
stretch.] 

SUBTERFUGE (sub'ter-fuj), n. That to which 
one resorts for escape or concealment; evasion. 
[L. subter, secretly, and fugio, flee.] 

SUBTERRANEAN (sub-ter-ra'ne-an), SUBTER- 
RANEOUS (sub-ter-ra'ne-us), a. Under the 
ground. [L. sub, under, and terra, earth.] 

SUBTILE (sub'til or sut'l), a. 1. Delicately con- 
structed; fine; thin; rare. 2. Subtle; pene- 
trating. [L. subtilis, finely woven — sub, be- 
neath, and tela, web.] 

SUBTILELY (sub'til-i), adv. In a subtile man- 
ner. 

SUBTILENESS (sub'til-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being subtile. 

SUBTILITY (sub-til'i-ti), n. Subtleness; fine- 
ness. 

SUBTILIZE (sub'til-iz), v. [pr.p. SUB'TILI- 
ZJNG: p.t. and p.p. SUBTILIZED (sub'til-izd).] 
I. vt. Make subtile, thin, or rare ; spin into 
niceties. II. vi. Make nice distinctions. 

SUBTITLE (sub'ti-tl), n. 1. Additional or sec- 
ondary title. 2. Title or part of title of a 
book, repeated at head of first page. 

SUBTLE (sut'l), a. 1. Characterized by cun- 
ning or craft; crafty. 2. Characterized by 
acuteness or delicacy; discerning; refined. 
3. Over-refined. 4. Clever. [O. Fr. subtil — - 
L. subtilis, subtile.] 

SUBTLENESS (sut'1-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being subtle. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SUBTLETY 



1070 



SUCKER 



-ti), n. [pi. SUB'TEETTES.] 
2. That which is fine-drawn: 



SUBTLETY (sut'l 
1. Subtleness, 
nicety. 

SUBTLY (sut'li), adv. 1. In a subtle, artful, or 
crafty manner. 2. Nicely; delicately. 

SUBTRACT (sub-trakf), vt. [pr.p. SUBTRACT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUBTRACT'ED.] Take 
away, as a part from the rest; take (one num- 
ber or quantity) from another to find their 
difference. [L. sub, under, and traho, draw 
away.] 

SUBTRACTION (sub-trak'shun), n. Act of sub- 
tracting; deduction. 

SUBTRACTIVE (sub-trakt'iv), a. 1. Subtract- 
ing. 2. Tending to subtract or lessen; having 
the minus ( — ) sign. 

SUBTRAHEND (sub'tra-hend), n. Sum or num- 
ber to be subtracted. [L. sub, under, and 
traho, withdraw.] 

SUBTREASURY (sub-trezh'ur-i), n. Branch of 
United States treasury for receipt and dis- 
bursement of revenues. 

SUBTROPICAL (sub-trop'ik-al), a. Approach- 
ing the tropical zone. 

SUBURB (suburb), n. District which is near, 
but beyond the limits of, a city ; outlying dis- 
trict of a city. [L. suburbium — sub, under, 
and urbs, city.] 

SUBURBAN (sub-iir'ban), I. a. Situated or liv- 
ing in a suburb or the suburbs. II. n. Person 
living in a suburb. 

SUBVENTION (sub-ven'shun), n. 1. Act of 
coming to relief; support. 2. Government 
aid or subsidy. [L. sub, under, and venio, 
ventum, come.] 

SUBVERSION (sub-ver'shun), n. Entire over- 
throw; ruin. [L. subversio.] 

SUBVERSIVE (sub-ver'siv), a. Tending to sub- 
vert, overthrow or destroy. 

SUBVERT (sub-vert), vt. [pr.p. SUBVERT'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUBVERT'ED.l Overthrow 
from the foundation; ruin utterly; corrupt. 
[L, sub, under, and verto, versutn, turn.] 

SUBVERTER (sub-vert'er), n. One who sub- 
verts or overthrows. 

SUBWAY (sub'wa), n. Arched way underneath 
a street, for traffic or for wa- 
ter pipes, telegraph wires, etc. 

SUCCEDANEOUS (suk-se-da'- 
ne-us), a. Acting as a sub- 
stitute. [L. succedaneus.] 

SUCCEED (suk-sed'), v. [pr.p. 
SUCCEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUCCEEDED.] I. vt. 1. Fol- Subway. 

low; take the place of; be successor to. 2. 
Be subsequent or consequent to. II. vi. 1. 
Come next or in place of another. 2. Be suc- 
cessful in any endeavor. 3. Have the desired 
result. [L. succedo — sub, under, and cedo, go.] 

SUCCESS (suk-ses'), n. 1. Prosperous termina- 
tion of any undertaking. 2. One who or that 
which succeeds. [L. successus — succedo.] 

SUCCESSFUL (suk-ses'fol), a. 1. Having the 




desired effect or termination. 2. Prosper- 
ous. 

SUCCESSFULLY (suk-ses'fol-i), adv. In a suc- 
cessful manner. 

SUCCESSFULNESS (suk-ses'fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being successful. 

SUCCESSION (suk-sesh'un), n. 1. Act of suc- 
ceeding or following after. 2. Series of per- 
sons or things following each other in time or 
place. 3. Series of descendants. 4. Rota- 
tion, as of crops. 5. Right to take possession. 
[L. successionem — successus — succedo, follow 
after.] 

SUCCESSIONAL (suk-sesh'un-al), a. Existing 
in a regular succession. 

SUCCESSIVE (suk-ses'iv), a. Following in suc- 
cession or in order. 

SUCCESSIVELY (suk-ses'iv-li), adv. In a suc- 
cessive manner. 

SUCCESSOR (suk-ses'ur), n. One who comes 
after; one who takes the place of another. 
[L.] 

SUCCINCT (suk-singkf), a. Short; concise. 
[L. succinctus, girded up — sub, below, and 
cingo, gird.] 

SUCCINCTLY (suk-singkt'li), adv. In a suc- 
cinct manner. 

SUCCINCTNESS (suk-singkt'nes), n. Quality or 
state of being succinct. 

SUCCOR (suk'ur), vt. [pr.p. SUCCORING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUCCORED (suk'urd).] Assist; re- 
lieve. [L. succurro, run up to.] 

SUCCOR (suk'ur), n. 1. Aid; help; relief. 2. 
One who or that which brings aid or assist- 
ance. 

SUCCOTASH (suk'6-tash), n. Mess of Indian 
corn and beans. [Am. Ind. m*sickquatash.] 

SUCCULENCE (suk'u-lens), n. Quality or state 
of being succulent; juiciness. 

SUCCULENT (suk'u-lent), a. Full of juice or 
moisture. [L. succulentus — succus, juice.] 

SUCCULENTLY (suk'u-lent-li), adv. In a suc- 
culent manner. 

SUCCUMB (suk-kum'), vi. [pr.p. SUCCUMB'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUCCUMBED (suk-kumd')J 
1. Sink under; yield. 2. Die. [L. sub, 
under, and cumbo, lie down.] 

SUCH (such), a. 1. Of the like kind; of the char- 
acter mentioned. 2. Denoting a particular 
person or thing, as in such and such. — Such 
like, such. [A. S. swelc, swilc — swd, so, and 
Be, lik.] 

SUCK (suk), v. [pr.p. SUCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUCKED (sukt).] I. vt. 1. Draw in with the 
mouth. 2. Draw from with the mouth. 3. 
Imbibe; absorb. II. vi. 1. Draw with the 
mouth. 2. Draw milk from the breast or 
udder; suckle; draw in air or liquid. [A. S. 
sucan.] 

SUCK (suk), n. 1. Act of sucking. 2. Milk 
drawn from the breast. 

SUCKER (suk'er), n. 1. He who or that which 
sucks. 2. Shoot of a plant from the roots or 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotcn gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



SUCKLE 



1071 



SUFFRAGETTE 



lower part of the stem. 3. Fish of the carp 
family. 4. Nickname for one living in Illinois. 
5. Sponger; parasite. 




Common Sucker. 

SUCKLE (suk'l), vt. [pr.p. SUCKLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SUCKLED (suk'ld).] Give suck to; nurse 
at the breast. [Dim. of SUCK.] 

SUCKLING (suk'ling), n. Young child or animal 
being suckled. 

SUCROL (su'krol), n. Colorless crystalline com- 
pound, two hundred times as sweet as cane- 
sugar, having no nutritive value, but used in 
medicine to sweeten bitter remedies. [SU- 
CROSE.] 

SUCROSE (su'kros), n. Cane-sugar, or sugar 
of similar composition. [Fr. sucre, sugar.] 

SUCTION (suk'shun), n. Act or power of suck- 
ing, or drawing, as fluids, by exhausting the 
air. 

SUCTION-PUMP (suk'shun-pump), n. Machine 
for bringing a liquid to a higher 
level by exhausting the air in a 
tube. 

SUDAN (so-dan')> n. Same as 
SOUDAN. 

SUDANESE (so-da-nes'), a. and 
n. Same as SOUDANESE. 

SUDATORY (su'da-to-ri), I. a. 
Sweating. II. n. Sweating- 
bath. [L. sudatorius — su do, 
sweat.] 

SUDDEN (sud'n), a. Unex- 
pected ; hasty ; abrupt. [O. Fr. 
sudain — L. subitus — sub, un- 
der, and eo, go.] 

SUDDENLY (sud'n-li), adv. In 
a sudden manner. 

SUDDENNESS (sud'n-nes), n. 




Suction-pum( 



1. Plunger-valve. 2. 
Plunger - piston. 3. 
Barrel. 4. Spout. 5. 
Quality Or State Of being SUd- Head. 6. Lower 

valve. 7. Induction 

den. pipe. 

SUDORIFIC (su-dur-if'ik), I. a. Causing sweat. 

II. n» Medicine producing perspiration. [L. 

sudor, sweat, and facio, make.] 
SUDS (sudz), n.pl. Frothy, soapy water. [A. S. 

seothan, seethe.] 
SUE (su), v. [pr.p. SU'ING; p.t. and p.p. SUED 

(sud).] I. vt. Prosecute at law. II. vi. Make 

legal claim; plead; entreat; woo. [O. Fr. 

suir — L. sequor, follow.] 
SU^DE (swad), I. a. Made of undressed kid. 

II. n. Undressed kid. [Fr., Swede.] 
SUET (su'et), n. Fatty tissue, particularly that 

about the kidneys. [O. Fr. seu — L. sebum, 

fat.] 



SUETY (su'et-i), a. Consisting of or resembling 
suet. 

SUEZ (so-ez')» n. Seaport, Egypt, on Red Sea, at 
S. extremity of Suez Canal. 

SUEZ CANAL. Egypt, joins Mediterranean and 
Red Seas; opened 1869. 

SUFFER (suf'er), v. [pr.p. SUF'FERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUFFERED (suf'erd).] I. vt. 1. Under- 
go ; feel. 2. Bear up under. 3. Permit. II. 
vi. Feel pain or punishment; sustain loss; be 
injured. [L. suffero — sub, under, and fero, 
bear.] 

SYN. Endure; sustain; experience; tol- 
erate; allow; stand; bear. ANT. Resist; 
repel; reject; repudiate. 

SUFFERABLE (suf'er-a-bl), a. That may be 
suffered; allowable. 

SUFFERANCE (suf'er-ans), n. State of suffering; 
endurance; misery; submission; toleration; 
permission. 

SUFFERER (suf'er-er), n. One who suffers. 

SUFFERING (suf'er-ing), n. Distress; loss; in- 
jury. 

SUFFICE (suf-fis'), v. [pr.p. SUFFI'CING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUFFICED (suf-fist').] I. vi. Be 
enough; be equal to the end in view. II. vt. 
Satisfy. [L. sufficio, take the place of, meet the 
need of.] 

SUFFICIENCY (suf-flsh'en-si), n. 1. State of 
being sufficient. 2. Competence. 3. Ability. 
4. Conceit; self-assurance. 

SUFFICIENT (suf-fish'ent), a. 1. Enough ; equal 
to the end or purpose; ample. 2. Competent; 
qualified. 

SYN. Satisfactory; adequate; adapted; 
fit; suited. ANT. Inadequate; unequal; 
incompetent. 

SUFFICIENTLY (suf-flsh'ent-li), adv. In or to a 
sufficient degree. 

SUFFI7C (suf'iks), n. Particle (letter or syllable) 
added to the end of a word to form a derivative, 
as -ness in goodness, -ly in manZt/. [L. suffix- 
us, p.p. of suffigo, fasten on beneath.] 

SUFFIX (suf-flks'), vt. [pr.p. SUFFIX'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUFFIXED (suf-flkst).] Add or an- 
nex as a suffix. 

SUFFOCATE (suf'6-kat), v. [pr.p. SUF'FOCA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. SUFFOCATED.] I. vt. Choke 
by stopping the breath of; stifle; asphyxiate. 
II. vi. 1. Become suffocated. 2. Cause suf- 
focation. [L. suffoco — sub, under, and fauces, 
throat.] 

SUFFOCATION (suf-6-ka'shun), n. Act of suf- 
focating or state of being suffocated. 

SUFFRAGAN (suf'ra-gan), I. a. Assisting. II. 
n. Assistant bishop. [L. suffragans, voting 
in favor of.] 

SUFFRAGE (suf'raj), n. 1. Vote; formal ap- 
proval. 2. Right to vote. 3. Attestation. 
4. Intercessory prayer. [L. suffragium — 
suffragor, vote for.] 

SUFFRAGETTE (suf-ra-jef), n. Female advo- 
cate of votes for women ; woman suffragist. 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SUFFRAGIST 



1072 



SULLEN 



SUFFRAGIST (suf'ra-Jist), n. 1. One who fa- 
vors any particular mode, limitation or exten- 
sion of the elective franchise or right to vote; 
as, a woman suffragist, universal suffragist, 
etc. 2. Elector; voter. 

SUFFUSE (suf-fuz'), vt. [pr.p. SUFFU'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUFFUSED (suf-fuzd').] Over- 
spread, as with a liquid, tincture, or color. [L. 
suffusus, p.p. of suffundo — sub, under, and 
fundo, pour.] 

SUGAR (shog'ar), n. Sweet crystalline substance 
obtained from sugar-cane, sorghum, sugar- 
beet, rock maple, etc. [Fr. sucre.] 

SUGAR (shog'ar), v. [pr.p. SUGARING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUGARED (shog'ard).] I. vt: 1. 
Sweeten, season, coat, or sprinkle, with sugar. 
2. Make pleasant. II. vi. Roil down maple 
syrup to the proper consistency for crystallizing. 

SUGAR-APPLE (shog'ar-ap-1), n. Tropical 
American tree 
(Anona squasmosa); 
also its fruit, which 
has a thick rind with 
projecting scales, 
and a sweet pulp. 
Called also sweet- 




sop. 

SUGAR-REET (shog'- 
ar-bet), n. Large 
and very sweet va- 
riety of beet, from 
which beet-root 
sugar is obtained. 

SUGAR-RIRD (shog'- Sugar-apple or sweet-sop. 
ar-berd), n. 1. Bird commonly known as 
the Bahaman honey-creeper. 2. Honey-eater. 
3. Honey-guide. 

SUGAR-CANE (shog'- 
ar-kan), n. Strong 
cane-stemmed grass 
(Saccharum ofjrci- 
narum), from eight 
to twelve feet high, 
producing a large, 
feathery plume of 
flowers. It is the 
chief source of the 
sugar of commerce. 

SUGARED (shog'ard), 
a. 1. Covered or 
sweetened with sug- 
ar. 2. Honeyed; 
sweetly flattering. 

SUGARINESS (shog'- 
ar-i-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being sugary. 

SUGARY (shog'ar-i), a. 1. Containing or re- 
sembling sugar; sweet. 2. Fond of sugar 
or of sweet things ; as, a sugary palate. 

SUGGEST (sug-jesf), vt. [pr.p. SUGGESTING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUGGESTED.] 1. Introduce 
indirectly to the thoughts; hint. 2. Cause to 
be thought of by the agency of other objects. 




Sugar-cane (Saccharum 
officinarum) . 



[L. suggestus, p.p. of suggero — sub, under, and 
gero, bring.] 

SUGGESTION (sug-jes'chun), n. 1. Act of sug- 
gesting. 2. Hint. 3. Hypnotism. Any 
means by which a belief or impulse is insin- 
uated into the mind of a subject or patient. 4. 
Idea thus suggested. 

SUGGESTIVE (sug-jest'iv), a. Containing a 
suggestion or hint. 

SUGGESTIVELY (sug-jest'iv-li), adv. In a 
suggestive manner. 

SUGGESTIVENESS (sug-jest'iv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being suggestive. 

SUICIDAL (su'i-sl-dal), a. Pertaining to, or par- 
taking of, the crime of suicide. 

SUICIDALLY (su'i-si-dal-i), adv. In a suicidal 
manner. 

SUICIDE (su'i-sid), n. 1. One who dies by his 
own hand. 2. Self-murder. [L. sui, of him- 
self, and ccedo, kill.] 

SUIT (sut), n. 1. Act of suing. 2. Action at 
law. 3. Petition. 4. Number of things of 
the same kind or made to be used together, as 
clothes, rooms, cards, etc. 5. Courtship. [Fr. 
suite.] 

SUIT (sut), v. [pr.p. SUIT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUITED.] I. vt. 1. Fit. 2. Befit. 3. 
Please. II. vi. Agree; correspond. 

SUITABILITY (sut-a-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being suitable ; suitableness. 

SUITABLE (sut'a-bl), a That suits; fitting; 
agreeable. 

SUITABLENESS (sut'a-bl-nes), n. Agreeable- 
ness; fitness; propriety. 

SUITABLY (sut'a-bli), adv. In a suitable man- 
ner or degree. 

SUITE (swet), n. 1. Train of attendants. 2. 
Regular set, especially of rooms; suit. [Fr.l 

SUITING (sut'ing), n. Cloth for making suits of 
clothes. 

SUITOR (sut'ur), n. One who sues in love or in 
law; petitioner; wooer. 

SULCATE (sul'kat), SULCATED (sul'ka-ted), a. 
Grooved with regular furrows. [L. sulcus, 
furrow.] 

SULK (sulk), vi. [pr.p. SULKING; p.t. and p.p. 
SULKED (sulkt).] Indulge in a sulky fit or 
mood ; be sulky. 

SULK (sulk), n. Sulky fit or mood; usually in 
the plural. 

SULKILY (sulk'i-li), adv. In a sulky manner. 

SULKINESS (sulk'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sulky. 

SULKY (sulk'i), a. [comp. SULK'D3R; superl. 
SULK'EEST.] Sour in temper ; morose ; sullen ; 
inclined to sulk. [A. S. solcen, languid.] 

SULKY (sulk'i), n. [pi. SULK'UES.] Light two- 
wheeled carriage for one person. [Said to 
be so named because used by one alone.] 

SULLEN (sul'en), a. 1. Gloomily angry and 
silent. 2. Malignant. 3. Dark; dull. [O. 
Fr. solain — L. solus, alone.] 

SYN. Sulky; cross; sour; intractable; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SULLENLY 



1073 



SUMMON 



Ill-natured; fretful; peevish; petulant; 
gloomy. ANT. Cheerful; genial; gladsome. 

SULLENLY (sul'en-li), adv. In a sullen manner. 

SULLENNESS (sulen-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sullen. 

SULLY, (sul'i), v. [pr.p. SUL'LYEVG; p.t. and 
p.p. SULLIED (sul'id).] I. vt. Defile with dirt 
or grime; tarnish; soil; spot; stain. II. vi. Be- 
come tarnished or stained. [A. S. sylian.] 

SULLY (sul'i), n. Spot; stain, or tarnish. 

SULPHATE (sul'fat), n. Salt formed by sul- 
phuric acid with a base. 

SULPHID (sul'fid), SULPHIDE (sul'fid), n. 1. 
CJiem. Compound of sulphur with an element 
or radical. 2. Unexpectedly flashing per- 
son; avoider of the obvious; whimsically op- 
posed to BROMIDE. (U. S. Literary Slang.) 

SULPHITE (sul'fit), n. Salt formed by sulphur- 
ous acid. 

SULPHUR (sulfur), n. Yellow mineral sub- 
stance, very brittle, fusible, and inflammable; 
brimstone. [L.] 

SULPHURATE (sul'fu-rat), vt. [pr.p. SUL'- 
PHURATING; p.U and p.p. SULPHURATED.] 
Combine with, or subject to action of, sul- 
phur. 

SULPHUREOUS (sul-fu're-us), a. Consisting of, 
containing, or having the qualities of 9 sul- 
phur. 

SULPHURET (sul'fu-ret), n. Same as SULPHID. 

SULPHURETED (sul'fu-ret'ed), a. Chem. Im- 
pregnated with sulphur. 

SULPHURIC (sul-fu'rik), a. Pertaining to, or 
obtained from, sulphur, especially in its higher 
valence. — Sulphuric acid, vitriol or oil of vit- 
riol, composed of one part of sulphur and three 
parts of oxygen. 

SULPHUROUS (sul'fur-us), a. Pertaining to, 
resembling, or containing, sulphur, especially 
in its lower valence; denoting the pungent acid 
given out when sulphur is burned. 

SULTAN (sul'tan), n. Sovereign of a Moham- 
medan dominion, especially of the Turkish or 
Ottoman empire. [Ar. sultan, power, prince — 
salita, be strong.] 

SULTANA (sul-ta'na), n. 1. Queen or wife of 
a sultan. 2. Small kind of 
raisin. 3. Marsh bird of W. 
Indies and southern U. S. 

SULTANATE (sul'tan-at), n. 
Reign or dominion of a sultan. 

SULTRINESS (sul'tri-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being sultry. 

SULTRY (sul'tri), a. 1. Hot 
and oppressive. 2. Sweltering, 
root of SWELTER.] 

SULU (solo) ISLANDS. Between Borneo and 
Philippine Islands, ceded by Spain to the 
United States in 1898. 

SUM (sum), n. 1. Aggregate amount of two or 
more things or quantities taken together; 
whole of anything. 2. Problem in arithme- 
tic. 3. Substance or result of reasoning; sum- 




Sultana (Ionornis 
martinica) . 

[From the 



n. 




Poison Sumac (Rhus 
vernix). 



mary. 4. Height; completion. [L. summa.] 

SUM (sum), vt. [pr.p. SUMMING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUMMED (sumd).] 1. Collect into one 
amount or whole ; add into one sum or amount. 
2. Sum up. — Sum up, bring into a narrow or 
small compass; comprise in a few words; con- 
dense. 

SUMAC, SUMACH (su'mak or sho'mak) 
Shrub, the dried and 
powdered leaves of 
some species of which 
are used in tanning, 
dyeing, and making 
varnish. [Ar. sumaq.] 

SUMATRA (so-ma'tra), n. 
Island, Malay Archi- 
pelago. Area 170,000 
sq. m. Dutch. 

SuMATRAN(so-ma'tran), 
I. a. Of or pertaining 
to Sumatra. II. n. Na- 
tive or inhabitant of 
Sumatra. 

SUMMARILY (sum'a-ri- e 
li), adv. In a summary 
manner. 

SUMMARIZE (sum'a-riz), 
vt. [pr.p. SUMMARI- 
ZING ; p.t. and p.p.SUM- 
MARIZED (sum'a- 
rlzd).] Present in a summary or briefly. 

SUMMARY (sum'a-ri), I. a. 1. Summed up; 
condensed; brief; compendious. 2. Done 
quickly, and without ceremony. II. n. Con- 
densed statement; compendium. 

SUMMATION (sum-ma'shun), n. 1. Act of 
forming a total amount. 2. Aggregate. 

SUMMER (sum'er), I. n. Second and warmest 
season of the year — June, July, August. II. 
a. Of or pertaining to summer. [A. S. sumer.] 

SUMMER (sum'er), v. [pr.p. SUMMERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUMMERED (sum'erd).l I. vt. 
Feed or keep during the summer. II. vi. 
Pass or spend the summer. 

SUMMER-COMPLAINT (sum'er-kum-plant), n. 
Diarrhoea occurring in the summer, especially 
in infants. 

SUMMER-GARDEN (sum er-gar-dn), n. Open 
air refreshment resort. 

SUMMER-HOUSE (sum'er-hows), n. 1. House 
in a garden used in summer. 2. House for 
summer residence. 

SUMMERSET, n. Same as SOMERSAULT. 

SUMMERY (sum'er-i), a. Of, pertaining to, or 
like summer. 

SUMMIT (sum'it), n. Highest point or degree. 
[lu.summum, highest point — summus, highest.] 

SUMMON (sum'un), vt. [pr.p. SUMMONING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUMMONED (sum'und.)] 1. Call 
with authority. 2. Command to appear, 
especially in court. 3. Rouse to exertion. 
[L. 8ummoneo — sub, secretly, and moneo, 
warn.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



SUMMONER 



1074 



SUNSET 




Telescopic view of a 
portion of the sun's 
surface. 



SUMMONER (sum'un-er), n. One who sum- 
mons. 

SUMMONS (sum'unz), ». 1. Authoritative call. 
2, Call to appear, especially in court, or the 
writ by which such call is given. 3. Mil, 
Demand to surrender. [Fr. semonce, warn- 
ing.] 

SU31PTER (sump'ter), w. Pack-horse. [O. Fr. 
sommetier, pack-horse — L. sagma, pack.] 

SUMPTUARY (sump'tu-a-ri), a. Pertaining to, 
or regulating, expenses, as in sumptuary laws. 
[Li. sumptuarius — sumo, take, spend.] 

SUMPTUOUS (sump'tu-us), a. Costly; magnifi- 
cent. 

SUMPTUOUSLY (sump'tu-us-li), adv. In a 
sumptuous manner. 

SUMPTUOUSNESS (sump'tu-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being sump- 
tuous. 

SUN (sun), n. 1. Body 
which is the source of 
light and heat to our 
planet; center of the so- 
lar system 2. Any sim- 
ilar body. 3. Sunshine. 
4. Figuratively, anything 
glorious. [A. S. sunne.] 

SUN (sun), vt. [pr.p. SUN'- 

NING; p.t. and p.p. SUNNED (sund).] Ex- 
pose to the rays of the sun. 

SUNBEAM (sun'bem), n. Ray or beam of the 
sun. 

SUNBONNET (sun'bon-et), n. Light bonnet 
projecting in front, to protect the face from 
the sun's rays. 

SUNBURN (sunburn), n. Discolored or in- 
flamed condition of the skin; caused by ex- 
posure to the sun. 

SUNBURN (sun'bxirn), v. [pr.p, SUN 'BURNING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUNBURNED (sun'burnd) or 
SUNBURNT (sun'burnt).] I. vt. Burn, discolor, 
or scorch by the sun. II. vi. Become sunburned. 

SUNBURNED (sun'burnd), SUNBURNT (sun'- 
biirnt), a. Burned or discolored by the sun. 

SUNBURST (sun'burst), n. 1. Sudden burst of 
sun rays, as through a rift in the clouds. 2. 
Brooch set with diamonds radiating from a 
center. 

SUNDAE (sun 'da), «. Compound of icecream 
and crushed fruit or nuts. 

SUNDAY (sun'da), I. n. First day of the week, 
so called in honor of the sun; Christian Sab- 
bath; Lord's Day. II. a. Pertaining to, or 
observed on, the Lord's Day. 

Sunday-school (sunda-skoi), Sabbath- 
school (sab'ath-skol), n. School held on 
Sundays for religious instruction. 

SUNDER (sun'der), vt. [pr.p. SUN'DERING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUNDERED (sun'derd).] Separate; 
divide. [A. S. sundrian — Ger. sondern.] 

SUN-DIAL (sun'di-al), n. Instrument to show 
the time of day, by means of the shadow of a 
style on a plate or dial. 



SUN-DOG (sun dog), n. Luminous spot occa- 
sionally seen a few degrees from the sun. 

SUNDOWN (sun'down), n. Sunset. 

SUNDRIES (sun'driz), n.pl. Various unclassi- 
fied small articles or accounts. 

SUNDRY (sun'dri), a. More than one or two; 
several; divers. [A. S. syndrig.] 

SUNFISH (sun'flsh), n. Flat fish having a nearly 
circular form. 




Plant whose 




Sunfish. 
SUNFLOWER (sun'flow-er), n, 

flower is a large disk 

with yellow petals 

like rays, and which 

turns toward the 

sun. 
SUNG (sung), v. Past 

tense and past par- 
ticiple of SING. 
SUNK (sungk), SUNK- 
EN (sungk'n), v. 

Past participle of 

SINK. 
SUNLESS (sun'les), c. 

Without the sun ; 

deprived of the sun 

or its rays; shaded. 
SUNLIGHT (sunlit), n 

Daylight. 
SUNLIT (sun'lit), a. Lighted by the sun. 
SUNN (sun), n. East Indian material similar to 

hemp ; Madras hemp. 
SUNN A, SUNNAH (sun'a), n. Traditionary por- 
tion of the Mohammedan law. [Ar., tradition.] 
SUNNINESS (sun'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 

being sunny. 
SUNNY (sun'i), a. 1. Pertaining to, coming from, 

or like the sun. 2. Exposed to, warmed, or 

colored by, the sun's rays. 
SUNRISE (sun'riz), n. 1. First appearance of 

the sun above the horizon. 2. Time of this 

rising. 3. The east. 
SUNSET (sun'set), n. 1. Going down of the sun. 

2. The west. 



Sunflower (Helianlhus). 
1. Light of the sun. 



2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf- mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. ' 



SUNSHADE 



1075 



SUPERFLUOUSLY 



SUNSHADE (sun'shad), n. Something used as 
a protection from the rays of the sun* as a 
parasol, awning, sunbonnet, etc 

SUNSHINE (sun' shin), n. 1. Shining light of 
the sun. 2. Place on which it shines. 3* 
Warmth; brightness; cheerfulness. 

SUNSHINY (sun'shi-ni), a. 1. Bright with sun- 
shine. 2. Pleasant; cheery. 

SUNSPOT (sun'spot), n. Astron. Dark spot 
appearing on the surface of the sun. In a 
normal spot there is an exterior shade called 
the penumbra, an inner darker one called the 
umbra, and usually one deeper still in the 
center called the nucleus. These spots are 
regarded as vortices of electricity, those posi- 
tive in character whirling from left to right 
and those negative revolving in the reverse 
direction. 

SUNSTROKE (sun'strok), n. Sudden and often 
fatal prostration caused by exposure to the sun 
or its heat. 

SUNSTRUCK (sun'struk), o. Prostrated by the 
sun's heat. 

SUP (sup), v. [pr.p. SUP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
SUPPED (supt).] I. vt Take into the mouth, 
with the lips, as a liquid. II. vi 1. Eat the 

- evening meal. 2. Sip. [A. S. supan.] 

SUP (sup), n. Small mouthful, as of tea or broth; 
sip. 

SUPE (sup), SUPER (su'per), n. Abbreviation 
of SUPERNUMERARY, used mostly in refer- 
ence to a supernumerary actor. 2. Sycophant; 
toady. (Colloq.) 

SUPER-, prefix. Over; above; beyond. [L.] 

SUPERABLE (su'per-a-bl), a. Surmountable. 
[L. superabilis — super, over*] 

SUPERABOUND (su-per-a-bownd'), vi. [pr.p. 
SUPERABOUND'lNG; p.t. and p.p. SUPER- 
ABOUND'ED.] Abound exceedingly; be more 
than enough. 

SUPERABUNDANCE (su-per-a-bun'dans), n. 
Quality or state of being superabundant. 

SUPERABUNDANT (su-per-a-bun'dant), a. 
Abundant to excess; more than enough; 
copious. 

SUPERABUNDANTLY (su-per-a-bun'dant-li), 
adv. In a superabundant manner or degree. 

SUPERADD (su-per-ad'),trt. [pr.p. SUPERADD'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERADD'ED.] Add over 
and above. 

SUPERADDITION (su-per-ad-dish'un), n. 1. 
Act of superadding. 2. That which is super- 
added. 

SUPERANNUATE (su-per-an'u-at), vt. [pr.p. 
SUPERANNUATING; p.t. and p.p. SUPER- 
ANNUATED.] 1. Impair or disqualify by 
old age and infirmity. 2. Allow to retire from 
service on a pension, on account of old age or 
infirmity. 

SUPERANNUATION (su-per-an-u-a'shun), n. 
1. State of being superannuated* 2. Act of 
superannuating. 3. Pension, allowed to a 
superannuated person. 



n 



-B W 



I 



Supercolumni- 
ation. 



SUPERB (su-perb'), a. Proud; magnificent; 
grand; stately. [L. superbus — super, above.] 

SUPERBLY (su-perb'li), adv. In a superb man- 
ner. 

SUPERBNESS (su-perb'nes), n. Quality or state 
of being superb 

SUPERCARGO (su-per-kar'go), n. Officer in a 
merchant-ship attending to all the commer- 
cial transactions while on a voyage. 

SUPERCILIARY (su-per-sil'i-a-ri), a. Above 
the eyebrow. 

SUPERCILIOUS (su-per-sil'i-us), a. Disdain- 
ful; haughty; dictatorial; overbearing. [L. 
superciliosus — supercilium, eyebrow — super, 
above, and cilium, eyelid.] 

SUPERCILIOUSLY (su-per-sil'i-us-li), adv. In 
a supercilious manner. 

SUPERCILIOUSNESS (su-per-sil'1-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being supercilious. 

SUPERCOLUMNIATION (su- _ 

per-ko-lum-ni-a'shun), n. The 
placing of one row of columns 
above another. 

SUPEREMINENCE (su-per-em'- 
i-nens), n. Extraordinary em- 
minence or superiority. [SU- 
PER- and EMINENCE.] 

SUPEREROGATION (su-per-er-6-ga'shun), n. 
Act of doing more than duty requires. [L. 
super, above, and erogo, pay out.] 

SUPEREROGATORY (su-per-er-og'a-t6-ri), o. 
Performed beyond what duty strictly requires; 
superfluous. 

SUPEREXCELLENCE (su-per-ek'sel-ens), n. 
Superior excellence. 

SUPEREXCELLENT (sfi-per-ek'sel-ent), a. Ex- 
cellent in an uncommon degree. 

SUPERFICIAL (su-per-fish'al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to, or being on, the surface. 2. Shallow; 
slight; containing or reaching only what is 
apparent and simple; not learned or profound. 
[L. superficialis.] 

SUPERFICIALITY (su-per-fish-i-al'i-ti), n. 
Same as SUPERFICIALNESS. 

SUPERFICIALLY (su-per-fish'al-i), adv In a 
superficial manner. 

SUPERFICIALNESS (su-per-flsh'al-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being superficial. 

SUPERFICIES (su-per-fish'ez), n. Surface. [L. 
super, above, and fades, face.] 

SUPERFINE (su'per-fin), a. Finer than ordinary; 
of the very best quality; surpassing in fineness. 

SUPERFLUITY (su-per-flo'i-ti), n. [pi. SU- 
PERFLUITIES.] 1. Larger quantity than 
required. 2. State of being superfluous. 

SUPERFLUOUS (su-per'flo-us). a. More than 
enough. [L. superfluus — super, over, and 
fiuo, flow.] 

SYN. Excessive; superabundant; unnec- 
essary; useless; needless; redundant. ANT. 
Scant; short; wanting; insufficient. 

SUPERFLUOUSLY (su-per'flo-us-li), adv. In a 
superfluous manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, woif ; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SUPERFLUOUSNESS 



1076 



SUPERVISE 



SUPERFLUOUSNESS (su-per'flo-us-nes), w. 
Quality or state of being superfluous. 

SUPERHUMAN (su-per-hu'man), a. 1. Above 
what is human ; gigantic ; enormous. 2. Divine. 

SUPERIMPOSE (su-per-im-poz'), vt. [pr.p. 
SUPERIMPO'SING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERIM- 
POSED; (su-per-im-pozd').] Lay above. 

SUPERINCUMBENT (su-per-in-kum'bent), a. 
Lying above. 

SUPERINDUCE (su-per-in-dus'), vt. [pr.p. SU- 
PERTNDU'CING ; p.t. and p.p. SUPERIN- 
DUCED (su-per-in-dust').] Bring in over 
and above something else. 

SUPERINTEND (su-per-in-tend'), vt. [pr.p. 
SUPERINTENDING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERIN- 
TENDED.] Have the overseeing or charge of; 
control. [L. super, above, and intendo. See 
INTEND.] 

SUPERINTENDENCE (su-per-in-tend' ens), n. 
Act of superintending. 

SUPERINTENDENT (su-per-in-tend'ent), n. 
One who superintends. 

SUPERIOR (su-pe'ri-ur), I. a. 1. Higher in 
place, rank, or excellence. 2. Beyond the 
influence of. II. n. 1. One higher in rank 
than others. 2. Chief of a monastery, abbey, 
etc. [L., comp. of superus, high.] 

Superior (su-pe'ri-ur), Lake, one of the 

great American lakes; largest body of fresh 
water on the globe. Area 32,000 sq. m. 

SUPERIORITY (su-pe-ri-or'i-ti), n. Quality 
or state of being superior; pre-eminence; 
advantage. 

SYN. Preponderance; odds; predominan- 
cy; excellence; ascendency; supremacy. 
ANT. Inferiority; disadvantage; drawback. 

SUPERLATIVE (su-per'la-tiv), I. a. 1. Carried 
above others or to the highest degree; superior 
to all others; most eminent. 2. Gram. Ex- 
pressing the highest degree of a quality. II. 
n. Gram. Form of the highest degree of ad- 
jectives and adverbs. [L. superlatus, p.p. of 
superfero — super, above, and fero, carry.] 

SUPERLATIVELY (su-per'la-tiv-li), adv. In a 
superlative manner. 

SUPERNAL (su-per'nal), a. Relating to things 
above; celestial. [L. supernus.] 

SUPERNATURAL (su-per-nat'u-ral), a. 1. Be- 
ing beyond the laws, or exceeding the powers, 
of nature. 2. Miraculous. 

SUPERNATURALLY (su-per-nat'u-ral-i), adv. 
In a supernatural manner. 

SUPERNATURALNESS (su-per-nat'u-ral-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being supernatural. 

SUPERNORMAL (su-per-nar'mal), a. Beyond, 
above, or exceeding, what is normal; extra- 
ordinary, inexplicable perhaps, but not super- 
natural. 

SUPERNUMERARY (su-per-nu'mer-a-ri), I. c. 
Over and above the number stated, usual, 
or necessary. II. n. [pi. SUPERNUMER- 
ARIES.] 1. Person or thing beyond the 
usual, necessary, or stated number. 2. Sub- 



stitute. [L» supemumerarius — super, over, 
and numerus, number.] 

SUPERPOSE (su-per-poz'), vt. {pr.p. SUPERPO'- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERPOSED (su-per- 
pozd').] Place over or upon; lay (two con- 
gruent geometrical figures) upon each other, 
so that all lines coincide. 

SUPERPOSITION (su-per-po-zish'un), n. Act 
of superposing or state of being superposed. 

SUPERSCRIBE (su-per-skrib'), vt. [pr.p. SU- 
PERSCRIBING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERSCRIBED 
(su-per-skribd'). Write or engrave over, on 
the outside or top. [L. super, over, and scribo, 
write.] 

SUPERSCRIPTION (su-per-skrip'shun), n. 1. 
Act of superscribing. 2. That which is writ- 
ten or engraved above or on the outside. 

SUPERSEDE (su-per-sed'), vt. [pr.p. SUPER- 
SEDING ; p.t. and p.p. SUPERSE'DED.] 1. 
Make useless by superior power. 2. Come in 
the room of; replace. 3. Suspend. [L. super, 
above, and sedeo, sit.] 

SUPERSEDEAS (su-per-se'de-as), w. Law. 
Writ having in general the effect of a com- 
mand to stay, on good cause shown, some 
ordinary proceedings. [L., 2nd pers. sing, 
pres. subj. of supersedeo. See SUPERSEDE.] . j 

SUPERSENSIBLE (su-per-sen'si-bl), a. Beyond 
the reach of the senses. 

SUPERSENSITIVE (su-per-sen'si-tiv), a. Mor- 
bidly sensitive. 

SUPERSENSUAL (su-per-sen'sho-al), a. Be- 
yond the reach of the senses. 

SUPERSER VICE ABLE (su-per-serv'is-a-bl), a. 
Over-serviceable; over-officious. 

SUPERSESSION (su-per-sesh'un), n. Act of 
setting aside. 

SUPERSTITION (su-per-stish'un), n. 1. Irra- 
tional reverence or fear. 2. Excessive ex- 
actness in religious opinions or practice. 3. 
False worship or religion. 4. Ignorant and 
irrational belief in supernatural agency. [L. 
super, over, and sto 9 stand, supposedly from, 
idea of "standing and wondering over things."] 

SUPERSTITIOUS (su-per-stish'us), a. 1. Per- 
taining to or proceeding from superstition. 2. 
Addicted to superstition. 

SUPERSTITIOUSLY (su-per-stish'us-li), adv. 
In a superstitious manner. 

SUPERSTRUCTURE (su-per-struk'tur), n. 
Structure above or on something else; anything 
erected on a foundation. 

SUPERVENE (su-per-ven'), vi. [pr.p. SUPER- 
VE'NING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERVENED (su- 
per-vend').] Occur, or come, in addition; 
take place closely following. [L. super, over, 
and venio, come.] 

SUPERVENTION (su-per-ven'shun), n. Act or 
state of supervening. 

SUPERVISE (su-per-viz'), vt. [pr.p. SUPERVI- 
SING; p.t. and p.p. SUPERVISED (su-per- 
vizd').] Oversee; superintend. [L. super, over, 
and video, visum, see.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ti=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA. in Scotch loch. 



SUPERVISION 



1077 



SUPPRESS 



SUPERVISION (sti-per-vizh'un), SUPER VISAL 
(su-per-vi'zal), n. Act of supervising; inspec- 
tion; control. 

SUPERVISOR (su-per-vl'zur), n. One who 
supervises; overseer. 

SUPERVISORY (su-per-vi'zur-i), a. Of or per- 
taining to supervision. 

SUPINE (su-pinO, a, 1. Lying on the back; 
leaning. 2. Negligent; indolent. [L. supinus, 
lying on the back — sub, under.] 

SUPINE (su'pln), n. Latin noun form of the 
verb, ending in utn and u. [L. supinum.] 

SUPPER (sup'er), n. Meal taken at the close of 
the day. [Fr. souper. See SUP.] 

SUPPLANT (sup-plant'), vt. [pr.p. SUPPLANT'- 
ING; p.U and p.p. SUPPLANT'ED.] 1. Dis- 
place by stratagem; take the place of. 2. 
Undermine. [L. supplanto, trip up one's 
heels — sub, under, and plant a, sole of the foot.] 

SUPPLE (sup'l), a. 1. Pliant; lithe. 2. Yielding 
to the humor of others ; fawning. [Fr. souple — 
L. supplex, bending the knees — sub, under, and 
plico, fold.] 

SUPPLE (sup'l), v. [pr.p. SUP'PLING; p.t. and 
p.p. SUPPLED (sup'ld).] I. vt. 1. Make sup- 
ple, pliant, and flexible. 2. Make compliant or 
yielding. II. vi. Become soft, pliant, and 
flexible. 

SUPPLEMENT (sup'le-ment), n. That which 
supplies or fills up; any addition by which 
defects are supplied; addition to a newspaper 
or literary work. [L. supplementum—sub, un- 
der, and pleo, fill.] 

SUPPLEMENT (sup'le-ment), vt. [pr.p. SUP'- 
PLEMENTING; p.t. and p.p. SUPPLEMENT- 
ED.] Fill up, supply, or complete by additions ; 
add something to. 

SUPPLEMENTAL (sup-le-men'tal), a. Of the 
nature of a supplement. 

SUPPLEMENTARY (sup-le-men'ta-ri), a. Sup- 
plemental. 

SUPPLENESS (sup'l-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being supple. 

SUPPLIANT (sup'li-ant), I. a. Supplicating; 
asking earnestly; entreating. II n. Humble 
petitioner. [L. supplico.] 

SUPPLIANTLY (sup'li-ant-li), adv. In a sup- 
pliant manner. 

SUPPLICANT (sup'li-kant), I. a. Supplicating; 
asking submissively. II. n. One who sup- 
plicates. [L. supplicans.] 

SUPPLICATE (sup'li-kat), vt. [pr.p. SUPPLI- 
CATING; p.t. and p.p. SUP'PLICATED.] 
Entreat earnestly; address in prayer. [L. 
supplico, -atum — supplex, kneeling down — 
sub, under, and plico, fold.] 

SYN. Beseech; invoke; appeal to; beg; 
pray; implore; importune. ANT. Order; 
command; dictate; demand. 

SUPPLICATION (sup-li-ka'shun), «. I. Act of 
supplicating. 2. Earnest and humble request 
or prayer. 

SUPPLY (sup-pli'), vt. [pr.p. SUPPLYING; p.t. 



and p.p. SUPPLIED (sup-plid').] 1. Fill up, 
especially a deficiency ; add, as what is wanted; 
furnish. 2. Fill, as a vacant place; serve in- 
stead of. [O. Fr. supployer — L. suppleo — sub 9 
below, and pleo, fill.] 

SUPPLY (sup-pli'), n. 1. Act of supplying. 2. 
That which is supplied, or supplies a want. 
3. Amount of food or money provided; gener- 
ally in plural. 

SUPPORT (sup-port'), vt. [pr.p. SUPPORTING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUPPORTED.] 1. Bear up; 
sustain. 2. Endure. 3. Assist; patronize; 
defend. 4. Act or assume, as a part or charac- 
ter. 5. Supply with means of living. 6. Cor- 
roborate; make good. [L. supporto — sub 9 
under, and porto, carry.] 

SYN. Uphold; carry; maintain; second; 
help; represent; nourish; substantiate; 
verify. ANT. Drop; betray; abandon; dis- 
countenance. 

SUPPORT (sup-port'), n. 1. Act of supporting 
or upholding. 2. That which supports, sus- 
tains, or maintains. 3. Maintenance; assist- 
ance. 

SUPPORTABLE (sup-port'a-bl), a. 1. Capable 
of being supported or maintained. 2. En- 
durable. 

SUPPORTER (sup-porter), n. One who or that 
which supports ; as, hose supporter. 

SUPPOSABLE (sup-po'za-bl), a. That may be 
supposed. 

SUPPOSE (sup-p6z'), vt. [pr.p. SUPPOSING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUPPOSED (sup-pozd').] 1. As- 
sume as true ; imagine as existing. 2. Imply ; 
require necessarily. [Fr. supposer — sup- (L. 
sub, under), and poser, place.] 

SUPPOSEDLY (sup-po'zed-li), adv. By suppo- 
sition; presumably. 

SUPPOSER (sup-po'zer), n. One who supposes. 

SUPPOSITION (sup-po-zish'un), n. 1. Act of 
supposing. 2. Thing supposed; assumption; 
hypothesis. 

SUPPOSITITIOUS (sup-poz-i-tish'us), a. Put 
by trick in the place of another; spurious; im- 
aginary. 

SUPPOSITIVE (sup-poz'i-tiv), I. a. 1. Sup- 
posed. 2. Implying supposition. II. n. 
Word denoting or implying supposition, as if, 
granted, provided, etc. 

SUPPOSITIVELY (sup-poz'i-tiv-li),ae*v. With, 
by, or upon, supposition. 

SUPPOSITORY (sup-poz'i-to-ri), n. [pi. SUP- 
POSITORIES.] 1. Medicine in the form of a 
cone or cylinder introduced into a duct of the 
body, where it dissolves. 2. Plug to hold 
back hemorrhoidal protrusions. 

SUPPRESS (sup-pres'), vt. [pr.p. SUPPRESS' - 
ING; p.t. and p.p. SUPPRESSED (sup-prest').] 
1. Put down; crush. 2. Keep in; retain; con- 
ceal. 3. Stop. [L. suppressus, p.p. of sup- 
primo — sub, under, and premo, press.] 

SYN. Subdue; overcome; repress; re- 
strain; smother; stifle; swallow; overpower; 



i 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SUPPRESSION 



1078 



SURGICALLY 



extinguish; quell. ANT. Raise; support; 
aggravate; publish; intensify. 

SUPPRESSION (sup-presh'un), n. Act of sup- 
pressing or stopping; concealment. 

SUPPRESSIVE (sup-pres'iv), a. Tending to 
suppress; subduing. 

SUPPRESSOR (sup-pres r ur), n. One who sup- 
presses. 

SUPPURATE (sup'u-rat), vi. [pr.p. SUP'PU- 
RATING ; p.t . and p.p. SUP'PURATED.] Gather 
pus or matter. [L. suppuratus, p.p. of sup- 
pur o.] 

SUPPURATION (sup-u-ra'shun), n. 1. Process 
of producing pus. 2. Pus. 

SUPPURATIVE (sup'u-ra-tiv), I. a. Tending 
to suppurate; promoting suppuration. II. n. 
Medicine that promotes suppuration. 

SUPRA-, prefix. Above; over; beyond. [L.] 

SUPRALUNAR (su-pra-lb'nar), a. 1. Beyond 
the moon. 2. Very lofty ; of very great height. 
[L. supra, above, and luna, the moon.] 

SUPRAMAXILLARY (su-pra-maks'il-a-ri), I. a. 
Pertaining to the upper jaw. II. n. Upper 
jawbone. 

SUPRAMUNDANE (su-pra-mun'dan), a. Being 
or situated above our world; celestial. [L. 
supra, above, and mundus, the world.] 

SUPRAORBITAL (su-pra-ar'bit-al), a. Anat. 
Being above the orbit of the eye. — Supra- 
orbital artery, artery sent off by the ophthal- 
mic artery, along the superior wall of the orbit. 

SUPRARENAL (su-pra-re'nal), a. Situated 
above the kidneys. [L. supra, over, and ren, 
kidney.] 

SUPREMACY (su-prem'a-si), n. State of being 
supreme. [Coined from SUPREME.] 

SUPREME (su-prem/), a. Highest; greatest; 
most excellent. [L. supremus, superl. of 
superus, high — super, above.] 

SUPREMELY (su-prem'li), adv. In a supreme 
manner. 

SUR-, prefix. Over; upon; beyond. [Fr. — L. 
SUPER.] 

SURAH (so'ra), n. Soft twilled silk stuff for 
women's garments. [From Surat, in India.] 

SURCEASE (svxr-ses'), v. [pr.p. SURCEAS'lNG; 
p.t. and p.p. SURCEASED (sur-sest').] I. vi. 
Cease. II. vt. Cause to cease. [Fr. sursis, p.p. 
of surseoir, leave off. Doublet SUPERSEDE.] 

SURCEASE (sur-ses'), n. Cessation; stop. 

SURCHARGE (sur-charj'), vt. [pr.p. SUR- 
CHARGING; p.t. and p.p. SURCHARGED 
(sur-charjd').] Overload; overcharge. 

SURCHARGE (siir-charj'), n. Excessive load. 

SURCINGLE (sur'sing-gl), n. Belt; girdle, es- 
pecially for a horse. [O. Fr. sursangle — L. 
super, over, and cingulum, belt.] 

SURD (surd), I. a. 1. Alg. Involving surds. 2. 
Produced by breath (not the voice), as fc, f, p. 
/, etc. II. n. 1. Alg. Quantity inexpressible by 
rational numbers, or which has no root. 2. 
Consonant element of speech produced with 
vocal cords not sounding. [L. surdus, deaf.] 



SURE (shor), a. Secure; confident beyond 
doubt; fit to be depended on. [Fr. sur — L. 
securus. Doublet SECURE.] 

SURE (shor), adv. Same as SURELY. (Colloq.) 

SURELY (shor'li), adv. Certainly; infallibly. 

SURENESS (shor'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being sure. 

SURETY (shor'ti), n. [pi. SURETIES.] 1. State 
of being sure; certainty. 2. He who or that 
which makes sure. 3. Security against loss. 
4. One who becomes bound for another. 
[Doublet SECURITY.] 

SURETYSHIP (shor'ti-ship), n. 1. State or po- 
sition of being surety. 2. Undertaking of 
one who becomes a surety. 

SURF (surf), n. Curve and fall of waves mov- 
ing in and breaking on a shore. [Variant 
of SOUGH.] 

SURFACE (sur'fas), n. Exterior part of any- 
thing; outward appearance. — Surface road, 
railroad on the surface of the ground as dis- 
tinguished from the elevated or underground 
railroad. [Fr. sur, above, and face, face.] 

SURFACE (sur'fas), vt. [pr.p. SURFACING; p.t, 
and p.p. SURFACED (sur'fast).] 1. Put a 
surface on. 2. Work the surface of, as 
ground, in searching for gold. 

SURFACER (sur'fa-ser), n. 1. Machine for 
planing and giving a surface to wood. 2. One 
who mines for gold, etc., in the surface soil. 

SURFEIT (sur' fit), n. Excess in eating and 
drinking; sickness or satiety caused by over- 
fullness. [O. Fr. surfait, excess.] 

SURFEIT (sur'flt), vt. [pr.p. SUR'FEITING; p.t. 
and p.p. SUR'FEITED.] Fill to satiety and 
disgust. 

SURFEITER (sur'fit-er), n. Glutton. 

SURFEITING (sur'flt-ing), n. Act of eating 
overmuch; gluttony. 

SURFY (siirf'i), a. Abounding with surf; re- 
sembling surf; foaming. 

SURGE (surj), v. [pr.p. SUR'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
SURGED (surjd).] I. vt. 1. Cause to rise and 
swell forth, as billows or sound. 2. Naut. 
Slack up suddenly, as a rope or cable. II. vi. 

1. Rise high and roll with a billowy motion. 

2. Naut. Slip back; said of a rope or cable. 3. 
Elec. Oscillate violently. [L. surgo, rise.] 

SURGE (surj), n. 1. Act of surging. 2. Large 
wave or billow. 3. Naut. Part of a capstan 
upon which the cable surges or slips back. 4. 
Elec. Sudden oscillation or rush of current. 

SURGEON (sur'jun), n. One who manually 
treats injuries or diseases by operating upon 
them. [O. Fr. serurgien (Fr. chirurgien) — Gr. 
cheir, hand, and ergon, work.] 

SURGERY (sur'jer-i), n. [pi. SUR r GERIES.] 1. 
Treatment of a disease by manual operation. 
2. Place for surgical operations. 

SURGICAL (sur'ji-kal), a. Pertaining to sur- 
geons or to surgery; done by surgery. 

SURGICALLY (sur'ji-kal-i), adv. In a surgical 
manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 






SURGY 



1079 



SUSCEPTIBLE 



SURGY (sur'ji), a. Rising in surges; full of 
surges; produced by surges. 

SURLILY (sur'li-li), adv. In a surly manner. 

SURLINESS (siir'li-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being surly. 

SURLOIN (siir'loin), n. Same as SIRLOIN. 

SURLY (sur'li), a. Morose; uncivil; churlish. 
[A. S. sur, sour, and lie, lice, like.] 

SURMISE (sur-miz'),n. Supposition; guess; con- 
jecture. [O. Fr. surmise, accusation.] 

SURMISE (sur-miz'), vt. [pr.p. SURMISING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURMISED (stir-mi zd').] Have 
a supposition concerning; conjecture; suspect; 
guess; imagine. 

SURMOUNT (sur-mownt'), vt. [pr.p. SUR- 
MOUNTING; p.t. and p.p. SURMOUNT'ED.] 
Mount above; surpass. [Fr. sur (L. super), 
and monter.] 

SURMOUNTABLE (sur-mownt'a-bl), a. Ca- 
pable of being surmounted. 

SURNAME (sur'nam), n. Additional name; 
name or appellation added to the baptismal 
or Christian name; family name. [Fr. sur- 
nom — sur, over, and nom, name.] 

SURNAME (sur' nam), vt. [pr.p. SUR' NAMING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURNAMED (sur'namd).] Name 
or call by an appellation added to the original 
name ; give a surname to. 

SURNOMINAL (sur-nom'i-nal), a. Relating to 
surnames. 

SURPASS (stir-pas'), vt. [pr.p. SURPASSING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURPASSED (sur-past').] Pass 
beyond; exceed; excel. [Fr. surpasser.] 

SURPASS ABLE (sfir-pas'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being surpassed. 

SURPLICE (siir'plis), n. White 
outer garment worn by the 
clergy and by vested choris- 
ters. [Fr. surplis — L. L. super- 
pellicium, over-garment.] 

SURPLUS (siir'plus), n. Excess 
above what is required. [Fr.] 

SURPLUSAGE (sur'plus-aj), n. 
Excess ; matter not needed. 

SURPRISE (sur-priz'), n. 1. Act 
of taking unawares. 2. Emo- 
tion caused by anything sud- 
den; amazement. 3. That 
which causes the emotion of surprise. [Fr. 
surpris, p.p. of surprendre — L. super, upon, 
and prehendo, take, catch.] 

SURPRISE (sur-priz'), vt. [pr.p. SURPRISING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURPRISED (sflr-prizd').] 1. 
Come upon suddenly or unawares. 2. Strike 
with wonder or astonishment; confuse. 

SURPRISING (sur-pri'zing), a. Exciting sur- 
prise; wonderful; unexpected. 

SURPRISINGLY (sur-pri'zing-11), adv. In a 
surprising manner. 

SURRENDER (sur-ren'der), v. [pr.p. SUR- 
RENDERING; p.t. and p.p. SURRENDERED 
(sur-ren'derd).] I. vt. Render or deliver over, 
especially to an enemy in warfare; resign. II. 




Surplice. 



vi. Yield up one's self to another. [O. Fr. 
surrendre.] 

SURRENDER (sur-ren'der), n. Act of surren- 
dering. 

SURREPTITIOUS (sur-rep-tish'us), a. Done by 
stealth or fraud. [L. surripio, surreptum — 
sub, under, and rapio, seize. 1 

SURREPTITIOUSLY (sur-rep-tish'us-li), adv. 
In a surreptitious manner. 

SURREY (sur'i), n. Light, two-seated, un- 
covered carriage. 

SURROGATE (sur'o-gat), n. 1. Substitute. 2. 
Probate judge who presides over the settle- 
ment of estates, wills, etc. [L. surrogo — sub, 
in the place of, and rogo, ask.] 

SURROUND (sur-rownd'), vt. [pr.p. SUR- 
ROUND'lNG; p.t. and p.p. SURROUND'ED.] 
Inclose on every side; encompass; environ; 
hem in. [O. Fr. suronder.] 

SURROUNDING (sur-rownd 'ing), n. 1. Act of 
inclosing or encompassing. 2. External or 
accompanying circumstance ; the conditions 
environing a person or thing; usually in the 
plural. 

SURTOUT (sur-tot'), n. Close-bodied frock-coat. 
[Fr., over all.] 

SURVEILLANCE (sur-val'yans or sur-va/lans), 
n. Supervision; inspection. [Fr. surveiller — 
sur, over, and veiller, watch — L. vigilo.] 

SURVEY (siir-va') vt. [pr.p. SURVEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURVEYED (sur-vad').] Look 
over; view at large; inspect; examine; meas- 
ure and estimate, as land. [O. Fr. surveoir — 
sur (L. super), over, and veoir (L. video), see.] 

SURVEY (sur'va), n. 1. General view. 2. Ex- 
amination. 3. Measuring of land with de- 
termination of the contour of the surface, 
etc.; also a department or corps for carrying 
on such work. 

SURVEYING (sur-va'ing), n. Occupation of 
making surveys; act of making a survey or 
surveys. 

SURVEYOR (sur-va'ur), n. 1. Overseer; ex- 
aminer. 2. Measurer of land. 3. Public 
officer who does, and keeps records of, sur- 
veying in counties, states, etc. 

SURVEYORSHIP (sur-va'ur-ship), n. Office or 
position of a surveyor. 

SURVIVAL (siir-vi'val), n. A surviving or living 
after. 

SURVIVE (sur-viv'), v. [pr.p. SURVIVING; 
p.t. and p.p. SURVIVED (sur-vivd'j.] I. vt. 
Exist longer than; outlive. II. vi. Remain 
alive. [L. super, beyond, and vivo, live.] 

SURVIVOR (sur-vi'vur), n. One who survives 
or lives after another. 

SURYA (sor'ya), n. Hindu god corresponding 
to the Roman Sol, the sun. 

SUSCEPTIBILITY (sus-sep-ti-bil'l-ti), n. Qual- 
ity of being susceptible. 

SUSCEPTIBLE (sus-sep'ti-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
receiving; impressible. 2. Sensitive. [Fr. — 
L. suscipio, susceptum, take up.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



SUSCEPTIBLY 



1080 



SWAGGERER 



SUSCEPTIBLY (sus-sep'ti-bli), adv. In a sus- 
ceptible manner. 

SUSCEPTIVE (sus-sep'tiv), a. Capable of re- 
ceiving or admitting. 

SUSPECT (sus-pekt'), vt. [pr.p. SUSPECT'lNG; 
p.t. and p.p. SUSPECT'ED.] 1. Mistrust; 
doubt; surmise. 2. Imagine to be guilty. 
[L. suspicio, suspectum, look at secretly — sub, 
beneath, and spicio, look at.] 

SUSPECT (sus-pekt'), n. One suspected of a 
crime. 

SUSPECTFUL (sus-pekt'fQl), o. 1. Apt to sus- 
pect or mistrust; suspicious. 2. Exciting 
suspicion. 

SUSPEND (sus-pend'), vt. [pr.p. SUSPENDING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUSPEND'ED.] 1. Hang, as 
one thing beneath another. 2. Make to de- 
pend. 3. Make to stop for a time; delay. 4. 
Debar, as a student from his class [L. sus- 
pendo — sub, under, and pendo, hang.] 

SUSPENDER (sus-pend'er), w. 1. One who or 
that which suspends. 2. One of a pair of 
straps for supporting trousers. 

SUSPENSE (sus-pens'), n. 1. State of being 
suspended. 2. Act of withholding judgment. 
3. Uncertainty; indecision. 4. Stop. 

SUSPENSION (sus-pen'shun), n. 1. Act of 
suspending. 2. Interruption; delay. 3. Tem- 
porary privation of office or privilege. 4. 
Conditional withholding. — Suspension bridge, 
bridge supported by chains or wire cables, 
which pass over high piers. 

SUSPENSORY (sus-pen'so-ri), I. a. 1. That 
suspends. 2. Depending; hanging. II. n. 
[pi. SUSPENSORIES.] That which suspends or 
supports. 

SUSPICION (sus-pish'un), n. Act of suspecting; 
imagining of something without evidence or 
on slender evidence; mistrust. 

SUSPICIOUS (sus-pish'us), a. 1. Full of sus- 
picion. 2. Showing suspicion. 3. Declined to 
suspect. 4. Liable to suspicion. 

SUSPICIOUSLY (sus-pish'us-li), adv. In a 
suspicious manner. 

SUSPICIOUSNESS (sus-pish'us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being suspicious. 

SUSQUEHANNA (sus-kwe-han'a), n. River, 
New York and Pennsylvania, enters Chesa- 
peake Bay. 

SUSTAIN (sus-tan'), vt. [pr.p. SUSTAINING; 
p.t. and p.p. SUSTAINED csus-tand').] 1. 
Hold up; endure; prolong; maintain; relieve, 
2. Prove ; sanction. [L. sustineo — sub, under, 
and teneo, hold.] 

SUSTAINABLE (sus-tan'a-bl), a. Capable of 
being sustained. 

SUSTAINER (sus-tan'er), n. One who or that 
which sustains. 

SUSTENANCE (sus'te-nans), n. That which 
sustains; maintenance; provisions. 

SUSTENTATION (sus-ten-ta'shun), n. That 
which sustains; support. 

SUTLER (sut'ler), n. Person who follows an 



army and sells provisions, etc., to the soldiers; 
camp hawker. [O. Dut. soeteler, small trader. 
Cf. Ger. sudler, dabbler.] 

SUTTEE (sut-te'), n. 1. In India, the sacrifice 
of a widow on the funeral pile of her husband. 
2. Widow so sacrificed. [Sans, cuddhi, vol- 
untary sacrifice.] 

SUTURAL (su'tur-al), a. Relating to a suture. 

SUTURE (su'tur), n. 1. A sewing together of a 
wound. 2. Seam uniting the bones of the 
skull. 3. Seam at the union of two margins 
in a plant. [L. sutura — suo, sew.] 

SUTURED (su'turd), a. Having, or united by, 
sutures. 

SUZERAIN (su'ze-ran), n. Feudal lord; su- 
preme or paramount ruler. [Fr. sus, above 
— L. L. susum for sursum= sub-versum.] 

SUZERAINTY (su'ze-ran-ti), n. Office or po- 
sition of a suzerain. 

SVELT (svelt), a. Art. Easy; free; bold. [Fr. 
svelte.] 

SVELTE (svelt), a. Slender; slim; elegant. [Fr.] 

SWAB (swob), n. 1. Mop for cleaning floors or 
decks. 2. Implement for cleaning a gun 
after firing. 3. Bit of a sponge on the end of 
a handle for cleaning the mouth. [Sw. svab.] 

SWAB (swob), vt. [pr.p. SWAB'BING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWABBED (swobd).] Clean or dry with 
a swab. 

SWABBER (swob'er), n. 1. One who uses a 
swab. 2. Officer who sees that the ship is 
kept clean. 

SWADDLE (swod'l), vt. [pr.p. SWAD'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SWADDLED (swod'ld).] Swathe 
or bind tight with clothes, as an infant. [A. S. 
swethel, swaddling-band. See SWATHE.] 

SWADDLING-BAND (swod'ling-band), SWAD- 
DLING-CLOTH (swod'ling-klath), n. Band or 
cloth formerly used for swaddling an infant. 

SWAG (swag), vi. [pr.p. SWAG'GING; p.t. 
and p.p. SWAGGED (swagd).] Dialect. 1. 
Hang loosely and heavily. 2. Swagger. [Norw. 
svaga, sway.] 

SWAG (swag), n. 1. Swaying motion; swagger. 
2. Bundle; booty; stolen property. 

SWAGE (swaj), n. Indenting tool or die for 
stamping, pressing, or rolling hot metal 
into a certain shape. 

SWAGE (swaj), vt. [pr.p. SWA'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWAGED (swajd).] Shape, as iron, by 
driving into a mold. [Prob. Fr. suage, tool, 
sweating — suer, sweat — L. sudo, sweat.] 

SWAGING -MALLET (swa'jing-mal-et), n. 
Dentist's tool for bringing artificial plates 
into shape. 

SWAGGER (swag'er), vi. [pr.p. SWAG'GERING; 
p.t. and p.p. SWAGGERED (swag'erd).] 1. 
Sway or swing the body in bluster. 2. Brag 
noisily; bluster. [From SWAG.] 

SWAGGER (swag'er), n. 1. Noisy boasting or 
bragging. 2. Insolent strut. 

SWAGGERER (swag'er-er), n. One who swag- 
gers; blusterer; boaster. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, hh-ch in Scotch loch. 



SWAIN 



1081 



SWARTHY 




Swainson Hawk (Buteo 
Swainsoni). 



SWAIN(swan),n. 1. Young man. 3. Country lover. 
[A. S. swan, servant.] 

Swainson hawk 

(swan' sun hak), n. Or- 
nith. Bird of prey, 
found in the western 
part of the United States, 
where it proves of bene- 
fit to the farmer by liv- 
ing almost exclusively 
on destructive grass- 
hoppers, crickets and 
other insects — infre- 
quently on smaller birds. 

SWALLOW (swol'o), n. 
Act of swallowing; that 
which is swallowed at 
one time; as, a swallow of water; mouthful. 

SWALLOW (swol'o), n. Migratory bird with 
longwings, which 
seizes its insect 
food on the wing. 
[A. S. swalewe.] 

SWALLOW (swol'- 
6), v. [pr.p, 
SWAL 'LOWING ;' 
p.t. and p.p, 
SWALLOWED 
(swol'od).] I.trt.l. 
Receive through 
the gullet into 

the stomach. 2. Ingulf; consume; absorb; 
exhaust. 3. Take back; recant. 4. Toler- 
ate; put up with. II. vi. Have the power of 
deglutition; perform the act of swallowing. 
[A. S. swelgan, swallow. Cf. Ger. schwelgen.] 

SWALLOWER (swol'6-er), n. One who or that 
which swallows; specifically, the fish Chias- 
tnodon niger or black swallower, whose stomach 




Swallow. 




Black Swallower (Chiasmodon niger) — Smith- 
sonian, Oceanic Ichthyology, PI. LXXI V. 

stretches to contain a fish larger than the 
swallower. Chiasmodon is the only species 
of its genus and the only genus of its family. 
SWAM (swam), v. Past tense of SWIM. 





Swan. 



SWAMP (swomp), n. Low ground saturated 
with water. [A. S. swamm, sponge.] 

SWAMP (swomp), vt. [pr.p. SWAMP'lNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SWAMPED (swompt).] 1. Sink in, 
or as in, a swamp. 2. Overset, or cause to 
fill with water, as a boat. 

SWAMP-MINNOW (swomp'min-6), n. Two and 
a half inch min- 
now found in the 
cypress swamps 
overflowed by 
the Atchafalaya 

River in Louisi- Swamp-minnow (Notropis 
ana. Commer- louisiance) . 

cially important as live bait for blue-catfish 
trot lines along the "float roads" through the 
inundated woods. 

SWAMPY (swomp'i), a. Consisting of swamp; 
boggy; marshy. 

SWAN (swon), n. Large, long-necked, web* 
footed bird of the sub- 
family Cygnince, larger 
than the goose, graceful, 
and with aristocratic 
leisurely manners, sup- 
posed by old poets to be 
gifted with power to sing 
once in its life a song of 
moving, melancholy beauty 
— this "swan song" coming only with the ap- 
proach of death. [A. S. swan; Ice. svanr; per- 
haps — Sans, root svan (L. sono) sound.] 

SWANS-DOWN (swonz'down), n. 1. Small 
soft feathers of the swan. 2. Thick fluffy 
fabric of wool and cotton. 

SWANSEA (swon'se), n. Seaport, Wales. 

SWANSKIN (swon'skin), n. Thick soft flannel. 

SWAP (swop), v. and n. Same as SWOP. 

SWARD (sward), n. Grassy surface of land; 
green turf. [A. S. sweard; Ger. schwarte, 
thick, tough skin.] 

SWARD (sward), vt. [pr.p. SWARD'iNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SWARD'ED.] 1. Cause sward to 
grow on. 2. Cover with sward. 

SWARD Y (sward'i), a. Covered with sward or 
grass. 

SWARM (swarm), n. 1. Large body or cluster 
of insects or other small animals, especially 
of bees. 2. Great number; throng. [A. S. 
swear m.] 

SWARM (swarm), v. [pr.p. SWARM'lNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SWARMED (swarmd).] I. vt. Throng 
or crowd; as, to swarm the streets. II. vi. 1. 
Gather as bees do, especially when leaving a 
hive. 2. Appear in a crowd; throng; abound. 
3. Breed multitudes. 

SWARTHILY (swarth'i-li), adv. In a swarthy 
manner; with a swarthy hue. 

SWARTHINESS (swarth'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being swarthy. 

SWARTHY (swarth'i), a. Of blackish com- 
plexion; dark-skinned. [A. S. sweart; Ger. 
schwarz, black.] 



i 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



J 



SWASH 



1082 



SWEET 



SWASH (swosh), v. [pr.p. SWASH'lNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SWASHED (swosht).] I. vt. Splash pro- 
fusely; as to swash water over a floor. II. 
vi. 1. Splash or dash water about. 2. Bluster. 
[Cf. Norw. svakka, make a noise like water 
under the feet.] 

SWASHBUCKLER (swosh'buk-ler), n. Swag- 
gerer; braggadocio; bully. 

SWASH-PLATE (swosh' plat), n. Flat disk fixed 
at an angle on a revolving 
axis. It gives an up-and- jl 

down motion to a friction ^."t 

wheel, the descent being ef- Q 5 p> 

fected by gravity or a spring. 

SWASTIKA (swas'ti-ka), n. 
Cross with the end of each of 
four equal arms bent at the 
center of the arm to a right 
angle, all four bends being in 
the same direction. 

SWAT (swot), vt. [pr.p. SWAT'- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. SWAT'- 




Swash-plate. 



TED.] Hit or strike. (Colloq.) iJTt' Prison! 



wheel. 4. Shaft- 
5. Guide. 



SWATH (swath), n. 1. Line of 
grass or grain cut by the 
scythe. 2. Sweep of a scythe. [A. S. swcethe. 
Cf. Ger. schwaden.] 

SWATHE (swatfc), vt. [pr.p. SWA'THING; p.t. 
and p.p. SWATHED (swaffcd).] Bind with a 
band or bandage. [A. S. swathu, band.] 

SWAT (swa), v. [pr.p. SWAY'lNG; p.t. and p.p. 
SWAYED (swad).] I. vt. 1. Wield with the 
hand. 2. Incline to one side, or first to one 
side and then to the other. 3. Influence by 
power or moral force. II. vi. 1. Be drawn 
to one side by weight. 2. Incline to one side. 

3. Move unsteadily backward and forward. 

4. Have weight or influence. 

SWAY (swa), n. 1. Sweep of a weapon. 2. 
That which moves with power; preponder- 
ance; power. [Dan. svaie. Akin to SWING.] 

SWAZILAND (swa'zi-land), n. Country, S. Af- 
rica, S. of Transvaal colony. 

SWEAR (swar), v. [pr.p. SWEAR'lNG; p.t. 
SWORE (swot); p.p. SWORN (sworn).] I. vi. 1. 
Affirm, calling God to witness. 2. Give evi- 
dence on oath. 3. Utter the name of God or 
of sacred things profanely. II. vt. 1. Affirm, 
calling God to witness. 2. Administer an 
oath to. 3. Declare on oath. [A. S. swerian. 
Cf. Ger. schwoeren.] 

SWEARER (swar'er), n. One who swears. 

SWEAT (swet), n. 1. Moisture from the skin; 
perspiration. 2. Labor; drudgery. [A. S. swat.] 

SWEAT (swet), v. [pr.p. SWEAT 7 ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWEAT or SWEAT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cause 
to exude moisture from the skin. 2. Emit as 
sweat. 3. Exact hard work from at low wages 
and in unsanitary surroundings. II. vi. 1. Ex- 
crete moisture from the pores. 2. Toil; drudge. 
3. Smart. — To sweat coins, wear portions of 
them off by shaking them in bags. 

SWEAT-BOX (swet'boks), n. 1. Box in which 




hides are sweated. 2. Box in which sus- 
pected criminals were formerly forced to con- 
fess their crimes; hence, position of a prisoner 
undergoing a nerve-racking examination by 
the police authorities. 

SWEATER (swet'er), n. 1. One who sweats. 2, 
One who or that which causes to sweat. 3. 
Thick woolen jacket or coarse jersey worn by 
athletes in training, and others. 

SWEAT-GLAND (swet'gland), n. One of the 
innumerable glands in the skin, secreting 
the moisture which exudes through the pores. 

SWEATINESS (swet'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being sweaty. 

SWEATY (swet'i), a. 1. Wet with perspiration; 
consisting of sweat. 2. Laborious. 

SWEDE (swed), n. 1. Native of Sweden. 2, 
Swedish turnip; rutabaga. 

SWEDEN (swe'den) n. King- 
dom, N., Europe, E. of Nor- 
way. Area 173,966 sq. m. 

SWEDENBORGIAN (swe- 
den-bar'jl-an), I. n. One 
who holds the doctrines 
of the New Jerusalem 
Church as taught by Eman- 
uel Swedenborg, a Swe- 
dish noble, born at Stock- 
holm in 1689. II. a. Of 
or pertaining to Sweden- Carl von LinnffiUSi 
borg. Swedish botanist. 

SWEDENBORGIANISM Bornl707,diedl778. 
(swe-den-bar'ji-an-izm), n. Doctrines and 
practice of the Swedenborgians. 

SWEDISH (swe'dish), I. a. Pertaining to Swe- 
den. II. n. Language of the Swedes. 

SWEEP (swep), v. [pr.p. SWEEPING; p.t, 
and p.p. SWEPT (swept).] I. vt. 1. Wipe or 
rub over with a brush or broom. 2. Carry 
along or off by a long, brushing stroke or force. 
3. Carry with pomp. 4. Pass rapidly over. 
II. vi. 1. Pass swiftly and forcibly. 2. Pass 
with pomp. 3. Move with a long reach. [A. S. 
swdpan.] 

SWEEP (swep), n. 1. Act of sweeping. 2. Ex- 
tent of a stroke, or of anything turning or In 
motion. 3. Direction of a curve. 4. Chim- 
ney-sweeper. 5. Pole supported by a high 
post on which it turns, used for raising water 
from a well. 

SWEEPER (swep'er), n. One who or that which 
sweeps. 

SWEEPING (swep'ing), I. a. 1. Wide; com- 
prehensive. 2. Overwhelming. II. n. 1. Act 
of one who or that which sweeps. 2. [pi.] 
1 Whatever is collected by sweeping; rubbish. 

SWEEPSTAKES (swep'staks), n. sing, and pi. 
1. All the money or other things staked at 
a horse-race, or in gaming, all going to the 
winner. 2. Race for all the stakes. 3. A win- 
ning of all the money at stake. 

SWEET (swet), I. a. 1. Of a pleasant taste like 
sugar. 2. Pleasing to any one of the five 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



. 



SWEETBREAD 



1083 



SWILL 



3. Not sour, foul, or rancid. 4. Not 
salty, as water. 5. Pleasing to the mind; 
lovable. II. n. 1. Sweet substance. 2. [pi.] 
Sweetmeats. [A. S. swSte.] 

SWEETBREAD (swet'bred), n. 1. Pancreas of 
an animal (stomach sweetbread). 2. Thy- 
mus gland of an animal (neck sweetbread). 

SWEETBRIER (swet'bri-er), n. Thorny shrub of 
the rose kind, the leaves of which smell sweet. 

SWEET-CORN (swet'karn), n. Variety of maize. 

SWEETEN (swet'n), v. [pr.p. SWEET'ENING; 
p.t. and p.p. SWEETENED (swet'nd).] I. vt. 
Make sweet. II. vi. Become sweet. 

SWEETENER (swet'n-er), n. One who or that 
which sweetens. 

SWEETENING (swet'n-ing), n. 1. Act of sweet- 
ening. 2. That which sweetens. 

SWEET-FLAG (swet'flag), n. Aromatic plant 
with sword-shaped leaves; also called calamus. 

SWEETHEART (swet'hart), n. Lover; beloved. 

SWEETING (swet'ing), n. Sweet apple. 

SWEETISH (swet'ish), 
a. Somewhat sweet. 

S WEETI SHNESS 
(swet'ish-nes), n. 
Quality or state of 
being sweetish. 

SWEETLY(swetli),adv. 
In a sweet manner. 

SWEETMEAT (swet'- 
met), n. Confections 
made wholly or 
chiefly of sugar. 

SWEETNESS (swet'- 
nes), n. Quality or 
state of being sweet. 

SWEET-PEA (swet- 
pe')» n. Pea culti- 
vated for the fragrance and 
blossoms. 

SWEET-POTATO 

sweet'pota- 

TOES.] Creep- 
ing plant hav- 
ing tubers re- 
sembling the po- 
tato. 

SWEET-SOP(swet' 
sop), n. Same as 
SUGAR-APPLE. 

SWEET-WIL- 
LIAM (swet- 
wil'yam), ». 
Species of pink 
of many colors 
and varieties. 

SWELL (swel), v. 
[pr.p. SWELL'- 
I N G ; p. t. 

SWELLED 
(sweld); p.p. 
SWELLED or 
SWOLLEN (swol'n).] I. vi. 1. Grow larger; 




Sweet-pea (Lathyrus o&o- 
ratus). 

beauty of its 
(swet'po-ta-to), n. [pi. 




Sweet-potatoes. 



expand. 2. Rise into waves; heave 3. Grow 
louder. 4. Be bombastic; strut; become 
elated or arrogant. II. vt. 1. Increase the 
size of. 2. Aggravate. 3. Increase the sound 
of. 4. Raise to arrogance. [A. S. swellan.] 

SWELL (swel), I. n. 1. Act of swelling. 2. 
Increase in size or sound. 3. Gradual rise 
of ground. 4. Wave; waves or tides of the 
sea, especially after a storm. 5. Strutting, 
foppish fellow; dandy. (Colloq.) II. a. Hand- 
some; showy; very fine of its kind; crack; as, a 
swell turn-out. (Colloq.) 

SWELLDOM (swel'dum), n. The fashionable 
world. (Colloq.) 

SWELLFISH (swerfish), n. One of the globe 
fishes (Tetrodon turgidus), common on the 
coasts of Massachusetts and New York. 

S WELLHEAD (swel'hed), n. One who by rea- 
son of sudden prosperity has an overweening 
sense of his own importance. (Slang.) 

SWELLING (swel'ing), I. a. Inflated; pom- 
pous; haughty. II. n. 1. Protuberance; 
tumor. 2. Rising, as of passion. 3. Infla- 
tion by pride. 

SWELLISH (swel'ish), a. Dandified. (Colloq.) 

SWELL-SHARK (swel'shark), n. Shark of 
the American Pacific Coast of the genus 
Cephalocylium, with short wide body which 
takes in air and swells. 

SWELTER (sweater), vi. [pr.p. SWEL'TERING ; 
p.t. and p.p. SWELTERED (swel'terd).] Be 
oppressed with heat. [A. S. sweltan, die] 

SWEPT (swept), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of SWEEP. 

SWERVE (swerv), vi. [pr.p. SWERV'lNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SWERVED (swervd).] Turn; depart 
from any line, duty, or custom. [A. S. sweor- 
fan; Dut. zwerven. Akin to WARP.] 

SWIFT (swift), n. 1. Bird bearing an outward 
resemblance to the swallows, but differing 
much from them in various structural points. 
The American swift is commonly called the 
chimney-swallow. 2. Newt or eft, a species 
of lizard. 3. Small prairie wolf of western 
United States. 

SWIFT (swift), a. and adv. 1. Moving with 
great speed. 2. Ready; prompt; coming sud- 
denly or without delay. 3. Of short con- 
tinuance; rapidly passing. [A. S. Cf. Ger. 
schweifen.] 

SYN. Fleet; rapid; speedy; quick; head- 
long; expeditious; nimble; prompt. ANT. 
Slow; tardy; lingering; loitering. 

SWIFTLY (swift'li), adv. In a swift manner. 

SWIG (swig), n. Large draft, as of liquor. 
(Colloq.) 

SWIG (swig), vt. [pr.p. SWIG'GING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWIGGED (swigd).] Drink by large 
drafts; drink off greedily; gulp. (Colloq.) 

SWILL (swil), v. [pr.p. SWILL'lNG; p.t. and p.p. 
SWILLED (swild).] I. vt. Drink greedily or 
to excess; as, to swill liquor. II. vi. Drink 
greedily or to excess. [A. S. swilian wash.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



SWILL 



1084 



SWITZERLAND 



SWILL (swil), n. 1. Large draft of liquor. 2. 

Liquid mixture given to swine. 
SWILLER (swil'er), n. One who swills. 
SWIM (swim), v. [pr.p. SWIM'MING; p.t. 

SWAM (swam) or SWUM (swum) ; p.p. SWUM.] 

1. vi. 1. Float. 2. Move on or in water by 
natural means, as a fish, duck, etc. 3. Be borne 
along by a current. 4. Be dizzy. 5. Be 
drenched or overflowed. II. vt. 1. Pass by 
swimming. 2. Make to swim or float. [A. 
S. swimman.] 

SWIM (swim), n. 1. Act of swimming; any 
motion like swimming. 2. Air bladder of a 
fish, as in the term swim-bladder. — In the 
swim, in the current of fashionable society. 

SWIMMER (swim'er), ». 1. One who swims. 

2. Web-footed aquatic bird. 
SWIMMINGLY (swim'ing-li), adv. In a gliding 

manner, as if swimming smoothly. 

SWINDLE (swin'dl), vt. [pr.p. SWINDLING; 
p.t. and p.p. SWINDLED (swin'dld).] Cheat 
under the pretense of fair dealing. [From 
SWINDLER.] 

SWINDLE (swin'dl), n. 1. Act or process of 
swindling. 2. Gross fraud or imposition. 

SWINDLER (swin'dler), n. One who swindles. 
[Ger. schwindler, dreamer — schwindeln, be 
dizzy — A. S. swindan languish.] 

SWINE (swin), n. sing, and pi. Any animal of 
the hog kind. [A. S. swin — Ger. schwein.] 

SWINE-BREAD (swin' bred), n. TrufHe. 

SWINEHERD (swin'herd), n. Herder or keeper 
of swine. 

SWINE-OAT (swin'ot), n. Kind of oats culti- 
vated for the use of pigs. 

SWINE-POX (swin'poks), n. Variety of the 
chicken-pox. 

SWING (swing), v. [pr.p. SWING'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWUNG (swung).] I. vi. 1. Sway; move 
to and fro, as a body hanging in the air; 
vibrate. 2. Practice swinging. 3. Turn around 
at anchor. 4. Be hanged. II. vt. 1. Move to 
and fro; cause to wave or vibrate. 2. Whirl; 
brandish. [A. S. swingan.] 

SWING (swing), n. 1. Act of swinging; motion 
to and fro; waving motion. 2. Anything 
suspended for swinging in. 3. Sweep or 
compass of a swinging body. 4. Power of 
anything swinging. 5. Free course. 

SWINGE (swinj), vt. [pr.p. SWINGE'lNG; p.t. 
and p.p. SWINGED (swinjd).] 1. Beat 
soundly. 2. Forge. [A. S. swengan, shake.] 

SWING LETREE (swing' gl-tre), SINGLETREE 
(sing' gl-tre), n. Cross-piece of a carriage, plow, 
etc., to which the traces of a harnessed horse 
are fixed. [From SWING and TREE.] 

SWINISH (swi'nish), a. Like or befitting swine. 

SWINISHLY (swi'nish-li), adv. In a swinish 
manner. 

SWINISHNESS (swi'nish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being swinish. 

SWIPE (swip), vt. [pr.p. SWl'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWIPED (swipt).] 1. Strike with a 




Johann Heinrich 
Pestalozzi, Swiss ed- 
ucator. Born 1746, 
died 1827. 



sweeping blow. 2. Grab and carry away. 
[A. S. swipian, move rapidly.] 

SWIPE (swip), n. Sweeping blow, as in cricket. 

S WIPER (swi'per), n. One who swipes, es- 
pecially a hard hitter in cricket or golf. 

SWIRE (swir), n. Hollow between two hills. 
[A. S. swira.] 

SWIRL (swerl), vi. [pr.p. SWIRl/lNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SWIRLED (swerld).] Sweep along with 
a whirling motion. 

SWIRL (swerl), n. Whirling motion as of water. 

SWISH (swish), vt. [pr.p. SWISH'lNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SWISHED (swisht).] 1. Flourish; brand- 
ish. 2. Beat; flog, or lash. [From the sound.] 

SWISH (swish), n. Rushing or rustling sound 
as of the swashing of waves on the shore or 
the swinging of a switch 
through the air. 

SWISS (swis), I. a. Of or be- 
longing to Switzerland. 
II. n. 1. Native of Swit- 
zerland. 2. Language of 
Switzerland. 

SWITCH (swich), n. 1. 
Small flexible twig. 2. 
Quantity of false hair fast- 
ened together at one end 
and worn on the head to- 
gether with real hair. 3. 
Movable rail and its appen- 
dages used for transferring 
a car or train from one 

track to another; shunt of any kind. 4. 
Device for making and breaking an electric 
circuit. [M. Dut. swick, switch — swicken, 
swing. Cf. L. Ger. swukse.] 

SWITCH (swich), v. [pr.p. SWITCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. SWITCHED 
(swicht).] I. vt. 1. Lash 
with a switch. 2. Transfer 
by switch. 3. Elec. Shift 
to another circuit. II. vi. 
Perform the act of switching. 

SWITCHBACK (swich'bak), I. 
o. Characterized by alternate 
motion. II. n. Railway curv- 
ing back and forth, or as- 
cending by momentum. 

SWITCHBOARD (swich'bord), 
n. Elec. Board provided 
with a switch or switches 
for opening, closing, or in- 
terchanging electric circuits 
connected therewith; used in 
telephone service. 

SWITCHMAN (swich'man), n. 
[pi. SWITCHMEN (swich'- 
men).] One who has charge 
of a switch or switches, 
almost always of a railroad. 

SWITZERLAND (swit'zer- Crossover Switch. 
land), n. Republic, Central Europe. Area 
15,964 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, ruit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t in Scotch loch. ' 



SWIVEL 



1085 



SYMBOL 




SWIVEL (swiv'l), n. 1. Something fixed in 
another body so as to turn around in it. 2. 
Ring or link that turns on a pin. 3. Small can- 
non turning on a swivel. [Prob. A. S. swifan, 
turn around. Cf. Ice. sveifra, set circling.] 

SWOLLEN (swol'n), v. Past participle of SWELL. 

SWOON (swon), vi. [pr.p. SWOON' ING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWOONED (swond).] Faint; fall into a 
fainting-fit. [A. S. swogdn, sigh, as the wind.] 

SWOON (swon), n. Act of swooning or state of 
one who has swooned. 

SWOOP (swop), v. [pr.p. SWOOP'lNG; p.t. and 
p.p. SWOOPED (swopt).] I. vt. 1. Sweep 
down upon and catch. 2. Catch while on 
the wing. II. vi. Descend with a sweep. 
[Form of SWEEP.] 

SWOOP (swop), n. Act of swooping. 

SWOP (swop), vt. [pr.p. SWOP'PING; p.t. and 
p.p. SWOPPED (swopt).] Exchange; barter; 
swap. [Variant of SWEEP.] 

SWOP (swop), n. An exchange or barter. 

SWORD (sord), n. 1. Offensive weapon with a 
long blade for cutting or thrusting. 2. De- 
struction by war. [A. S. sweord — O. S. swerd.] 

SWORD-BAYONET (sord'ba-o-net), n. Bayonet 
shaped like a sword. 

SWORD-CANE (sord'kan), n. Cane containing 
a sword. 

SWORDFISH (sord'fish), 
n. Large sea-fish hav- 
ing the upper jaw elon- 
gated so as to resemble 
a sword. 

SWORDSMAN (sordz'man), n. [pi. SWORDS'- 
MEN.] Man skilled in the use of the sword. 

SWORDSMANSHIP (sord z' man-ship), n. Skill 
in the use of the sword. 

SWORE (swor), v. Past tense of SWEAR. 

SWORN (sworn), a. Bound by, or as by, an 
oath. 

SWUM (swum), v. Past tense and past partici- 
ple of SWIM. 

SYBARITE (sib'a-rit), n. One devoted to luxury. 
[From Sybaris, a Greek town in ancient Italy.] 

Sybaritic (sib-a-rit'ik), Sybaritical (sib- 

a-rit'ik-al), a. Effeminate; luxurious; wanton. 

SYCAMINE (sik'a-min), n. Black mulberry tree. 

SYCAMORE (sik'a-mor), n. 1. Fig-mulberry, 
growing in Egypt 
and other Eastern 
countries. 2. In 
England, large ma- 
ple. 3. In America, 
plane-tree, espe- 
cially the button- 
wood. [Gr. syko- 
moros — sykon, fig, 
and moron, black 
mulberry.] 

SYCOPHANCY (sik'- Leaves of Sycamore. 

6-fan-si), n. Behavior of a sycophant; mean 
tale-bearing; obsequious flattery; base ser- 
vility. 



Swordfish. 




SYCOPHANT (sik'o-fant), n. Tale-bearer; 
servile flatterer; parasite. [Gr. sykophantes % 
informer, lit. fig shower.] 

SYCOPHANTIC (sik-6-fan'tik), a. Servilely 
flattering or fawning. 

SYENITE (si'en-it), n. Rock composed of horn- 
blende and mica, similar to granite. [From 
Syene, in Egypt.] 

SYLLABIC (sil-lab'ik), SYLLABICAL (sil-lab'ik- 
al), a. Relating to, or consisting of, a syllable 
or syllables. 

SYLLABIC ALLY (sil-lab'ik-al-i), adv. In a syl- 
labical manner. 

SYLLABICATE (sil-lab'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. SYL- 
LABICATING; p.t. and p.p. SYLLABICA- 
TED.] Form or separate into syllables. 

SYLLABICATION (sil-lab-i-ka'shun), n. Act of 
forming syllables. 

SYLLABIFICATION (sil-lab-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 
Same as SYLLABICATION. 

SYLLABIFY (sil-lab'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. SYLLAB'I- 
FYING; p.t. and p.p. SYLLABIFIED (sil-lab'i- 
fid).] Form into syllables. [SYLLABLE, and 
L. facie, make.] 

SYLLABLE (sil'a-bl), n. Letter, or several let- 
ters taken together, forming one sound ; word, 
or part of a word, uttered by a single effort of 
the voice. [Gr. syllabe — syn, together, and 
lambano, take.] 

SYLLABUB, n. Same as SILLABUB. 

SYLLABUS (sil'a-bus), n. 1. Abstract; com- 
pendium. 2. Table of contents. [L. L.] 

SYLLOGISM (sil'o-jizm), n. Theoretical logical 
form of many arguments, consisting of three 
propositions, of which the first two are called 
the premises, and the last which follows from 
them, the conclusion. [Gr. syn, together, 
and logizomai, reckon.] 

SYLLOGISTIC (sil-o-jis'tik), SYLLOGISTICAL 
(sil-o-jis'tik-al), a. Pertaining to, or in the 
form of, a syllogism^ 

SYLLOGISTICALLY (sil-o-jis'tik-al-i), adv. In 
a syllogistic manners 

SYLLOGIZE (sil o-jiz), vi. [pr.p. SYLLOGIZING ; 
p.t. and p.p. SYLLOGIZED (sil'o-jizd).] Rea- 
son by syllogisms. 

SYLPH (silf), n. 1. Imaginary being inhabiting 
the air, of graceful form and light and nimble 
movement. 2. Sylph-like girl or woman. 
[Fr. sylphe. Cf. Gr. silphe, kind of moth.] 

SYLPHID (silf' id), n. Little sylph. [Dim. of 
SYLPH.] 

SYLPH-LIKE (silf 'Ilk), a. Like a sylph; light 
and graceful in form and movement. 

SYLVAN, a. Same as SILVAN. 

SYMBOL (sim'bul), n. 1. Representation of an 
idea by an object. 2. Object representing an 
idea; letter representing a mathematical quan- 
tity, operation, etc. 3. Creed; compendium 
of doctrine. [Gr. symballd, put together, com- 
pare, infer — syn, together, and hallo, throw.] 

SYN. Emblem; type; sign; token; fig- 
ure. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



SYMBOLIC 



1086 



SYNCOPE 



SYMBOLIC (sim-bol'ik), SYMBOLICAL (sim- 
bol'lk-al), a. Pertaining to symbols. 

SYMBOLICALLY (sym-bol'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
symbolic manner. 

SYMBOLISM (sim'bul-izm), n. 1. Representa- 
tion by symbols. 2. System of symbols. 

SYMBOLIZE (slm'bul-iz), v. [pr.p. SYMBOL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. SYMBOLIZED (sim'bul- 
izd).] I. vi. 1. Be symbolical. 2. Resemble 
in qualities; agree. II. vt. 1. Represent by 
symbols. 2. Make emblematic. 

SYMBOLOGY (sim-bol'o-ji), n. Art of express- 
ing by symbols. 

SYMMETRICAL (sim-mel/rik-al), a. 1. Having 
symmetry or due proportion in its parts; har- 
monious. 2. Composed of two parts cor- 
responding to each other; regular. 

SYMMETRIZE (sim'et-riz), vt. [pr.p. SYM'- 
METRIZING; p.t. and p.p. SYMMETRIZED 
(sim'et-rizd).] Make symmetrical. 

SYMMETRY (sim'et-ri), n. Due proportion of 
one part to another. [Gr. syn, together, and 
metron, measure.] 

SYMPATHETIC (sim- 
pa-thet'ik), SYMPA- 
THETIC AL (sim-pa- 
thet'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to sympathy. 

2. Having common 
feeling with another; 
capable of compassion. 

3. Harmonious. — 
Sympathetic nerve, one 
of the two main gang- 
liated cords extending 
the entire length of the 
vertebral column. 

SYMPATHETICALLY 

(slm-pa-thet'ik-al-i), 

adv. In a sympathetic 

manner. 
SYMPATHIZE (sim'pa- 

thlz), vi. [pr.p. SYM'- 

PATHIZING; p.t. and 

p.p. SYMPATHIZED 

(sim'pa-thizd).] Have 

sympathy ; feel with or 

for another; agree. 




Sympathetic Nerve. 



Subdivisions of Main Nerve: 
Cervical. II. Thoracic. III. 
SYMPATHY (Sim'pa- Lumbar. IV. Sacral. V. Gang- 

., .. ., f it lion Impar. 

till;, n. 1. reeling Plexuses of sympathetic sys- 
Wlth another; agree- * em T : A. Pharyngeal. B Cardiac. 
' C- Left Coronary (encircling.) D. 

ment Of inclination, Right Coronary. E. Cceliac F. 
fppli n „ ftr spneatlnn Epigastric. G- Superior Mesen- 

reeiing, or sensation. teric- H Aortic . L Hypogastric. 

2. Compassion; pity. J Pelvic. 

3. Related state; Influence producing an 
analogous state in another body. [Gr. syn, 
With, and root of PATHOS.] 

SYMPHONIOUS (sim-fo'ni-us), a. Agreeing in 

sound; harmonious. 
SYMPHONIST (sim'fo-nist), n. Composer of 

symphonies. 
SYMPHONY (sim'fd-ni), n. 1. Harmony of 

sound. 2. Elaborate composition for a full 




Sympiesometer. 



orchestra, generally in three movements. [Gr. 
syn, together, and phone, sound.] 

SYMPIESOMETER (sim-pi-e-som'e^ter), n. 
Barometer recording atmos- 
pheric pressure by means of 
a combination of a column 
of liquid and a column of gas. 
2. Instrument for measuring 
pressure of a current. 

SYMPOSIUM (sim-po'zi-um), n. 
1. Banquet; feast. 2. Maga- 
zine discussion in which sev- 
eral authors write on the same 
subject in the same number, 
and usually in reply one to 
another; collectionof opinions 
or comments. [Gr. symposion 
— syn, together, and posis, a 
drinking.] 

SYMPTOM (simp' turn), n. 1. 
That which attends and indi- 
cates the existence of some- 
thing else. 2. That which in- 
dicates disease. [Gr. syn, together, and pipto, 
fall.] 

SYMPTOMATIC (simp-to-mat'ik), SYMPTO- 
MATIC AL (simp-to-mat'ik-al), a. 1. Per- 
taining to symptoms. 2. Indicating the ex- 
istence of something else. 3. Med. Proceed- 
ing from some prior disorder. 

SYMPTOMATICALLY(simp-to-mat'ik-al-i),adv. 
In a symptomatic manner. 

SYN-, prefix. With; together. Before I it be- 
comes syl, and before b, p and m, it becomes 
sym. [Gr.] 

SYN/ERESIS (sin-er'e-sis), n. Pronouncing of 
two vowels together. Opposed to DLERESIS. 
[Gr. syn, together, and haired, take.] 

SYNAGOGUE (sin'a-gog), n. 1. Assembly of 
Jews for worship. 2. Jewish place of worship. 
[Gr. synagoge — syn, together, and ago, lead.] 

SYNCHRONAL (sing'kro-nal), SYNCHRO- 
NOUS (sing'kro-nus), a. 1. Happening or 
being at the same time; simultaneous. 2. 
Lasting for the same time. [Gr. syn, together, 
and chronos, time.] 

SYNCHRONISM (sing'kro-nizm), n. 1. Con- 
currence of events in time. 2. Tabular ar- 
rangement of contemporary events, etc., in 
history. [Gr.] 

SYNCOPATE (sing'ko-pat), vt. [pr.p. SYNCO- 
PATING; p.t. and p.p. SYN'COPATED.] 1. 
Gram. Contract, as a word, by taking away 
letters from the middle. 2. Music. Begin on 
an unaccented part and end on an accented 
part of a measure. 

SYNCOPATION (sing-ko-pa'shun), n. Act of 
syncopating; state of being syncopated; that 
which is syncopated. 

SYNCOPE (sing'ko-pe), n. 1. Omission of let- 
ters from the middle of a word, as ne'er for 
never. 2. Fainting-fit. 3. Sudden pause. 
[Gr. synkope — syn, together, and kopto, cut.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not. move, wolf; 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn. 



SYNDIC 



1087 



SYSTOLE 



SYNDIC (sin'dik), n. 1. Magistrate; advocate. 
2. One chosen to transact business for others. 
[Gr. syn, together, and dike, justice.] 

SYNDICALISM (sin'dik-al-izm), n. Revolu- 
tionary doctrine and movement of French 
labor unionists attempting to unite the 
working class through confederated syndi- 
cates (industrial unions) with the aim of 
taking control of all industry directly and 
not through capture of political power. 
The low value set by syndicalism upon polit- 
ical action classes the movement as com- 
munist-anarchist rather than as socialist. 

SYNDICALIST (sin'dik-al-ist), n. Adherent 
of syndicalism. 

SYNDICATE (sin'di-kat), n. 1. Body of syndics; 
council. 2. Office of a syndic. 3. Body of 
men chosen to watch the interests of a com- 
pany, or to manage a bankrupt's property. 
4. Combination of capitalists for the promo- 
tion of some enterprise; trust. 5. French 
trades union. 6. Union of all the French 
workingmen employed in one industry 
aiming to develop high technical conscience 
in its members so rendering the organiza- 
tion capable of taking control of and opera- 
ting the industry on their own account. 

SYNDICATE (sin'di-kat), v. [pr.p. SYNDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. SYN'DICATED.] I. vt. 
Effect by means of a syndicate. II. vi. Unite 
in a syndicate. 

SYNECDOCHE (sin-ek'do-ke), n. Alexandrian 
name for the rhetorical figure which puts the 
part for the whole or the whole for the part. 
[Fr. — L. — Gr. synekdoche — syn, together, ek, 
out, and dechomai, receive well.] 

SYNOD (sin'ud), n. 1. Ecclesiastical council. 
2. Among Presbyterians, a church court 
consisting of several presbyteries. [Gr. syn- 
odos — syn, together, and hodos, way.] 

SYNODAL (sin'ud-al), a. Of or pertaining to a 
synod or synods. 

SYNODIC (sin-od'ik), SYNODICAL (sin-od'ik- 
al), a. Of or pertaining to a synod. 

SYNONYM, SYNONYME (sin'o-nim), n. Word 
having nearly or quite the same meaning 
with another: opposed to ANTONYM. [Gr. 
syn, together, and onyma, name.] 

SYNONYMOUS (sin-on' i-mus), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to synonyms. 2. Having the same meaning. 

SYNONYMY (sin-on' i-mi), n. 1. Quality of be- 
ing synonymous. 2. Rhetorical figure of 
amplification. [Gr. syn, together, and onyma, 
name.] 

SYNOPSIS (sin-op'sis), n. [pi. SYNOP'SES.] 
Review; a summing up. [Gr. syn, together, 
and opsis, view.] 

SYNOPTIC (sin-op'tik), SYNOPTICAL (sin-op'- 
tik-al), a. Affording a general view of the 
whole. 

SYNOVIA (sin-6'vi-a), n. Fluid secreted in the 
cavity of joints to lubricate them. [Gr. syn, 
together, and L. ovum, egg.] 



SYNTACTIC (sin-tak'tik), SYNTACTICAL (sin- 
tak'tik-al), a. Pertaining to syntax; according 
to the rules of syntax. 

SYNTAX (sin'taks), n. Gram. Correct construc- 
tion of, and arrangement of words in, sen- 
tences. [Gr. syn, together, and tasso, put in 
order.] 

SYNTHESIS (sin'the-sis), n. [pi. SYN'THESES.] 
1. Composition; making a whole out of 
parts. 2. Combination of separate elements 
of thought into a whole; reasoning from 
principles previously established to a con- 
clusion. Opposed to ANALYSIS. 3. Gram. 
The uniting of ideas into a sentence. [Gr. syn, 
together, and thesis, placing.] 

SYNTHETIC (sin-thet'ik), SYNTHETICAL (sin- 
thet'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to synthesis. 2. 
Consisting in synthesis or composition. 

SYNTONIZE (sln'to-niz), vt. [pr.p. SYN'TO- 
NIZING; p.t. and p.p. SYNTONIZED (sin'to- 
nizd).] To tune together. 

SYNTONY (sln'to-ni), n. The attuning of wire- 
less receivers and transmitters. [Gr. syn, 
together, and tonos, tone.] 

SYPHILIS (sif'i-lis), n. Infectious, specific ve- 
nereal disease. [Syphilus, proper name, as 
though— Gr. sys, hog, and phileo, love.] 

SYRACUSE (sir-a-kus'), n. City, Sicily, on the 
E. coast. 

Syracuse (sir-a-kuso, n. 

State, on Onondaga Lake. 

SYRIA (sir'i-a), n. Country. 
Turkey in Asia. 

SYRIAN (sir'i-an), I. a. Of 
or pertaining to Syria. II. 
n. Native of Syria. 

SYRINGA (si-ring' ga), n. 1. 
Mock-orange. 2. Lilac* 
[Gr. syrinx, reed.] 

SYRINGE (sir'inj), n. Tube 
with a piston, or rubber 
ball, by which liquids are 
sucked up and ejected. [Gr. 
syrinx, reed.] 

SYRINGE (sir'inj), vt. [pr.p. 
SYRINGING; p.t. and p.p. 
SYRINGED (sir'injd).] 
syringe. 

SYSTEM (sis'tem), n. 1. Assemblage of bodies 
as a connected whole; organism. 2. Method; 
plan; order. 3. Connected view of some de- 
partment of knowledge. 4. The universe. 
[Gr. syn, together, and histemi, place.] 

SYSTEMATIC (sis-tem-at'ik), SYSTEMATICAL, 
(sis-tem-at'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to or con- 
sisting of system. 2. Formed or done accord- 
ing to system; methodical. 

SYSTEMATIZE (sis'tem-a-tiz), vt. [pr.p. SYS'- 
TEMATIZING; p.t. and p.p. SYSTEMATIZED 
(sis'tem-a-tizd).] Reduce to a system. 

SYSTOLE (sis'to-le), n. 1. Contraction of the 
heart expelling blood. 2. Shortening of a long 
syllable. [Gr. syn, together, and stello, set.] 



City, New York 
W. Asia, part of 




Syrian. 
Inject or clean with a 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



1088 



TABLE-TALK 







t (te), n. [pi. T'S (tez).] Twen- 
tieth letter of the alphabet, gen- 
erally having the same sound 
as in not, time; before an i fol- 
lowed by a vowel it has the 
sound of sh, as in nation, mo- 
tion, and when preceded by s it 
sometimes has the sound of ch, 
as in Christian, question. In 
some words it is mute, as in epistle, soften, 
and when followed by h has either of two 
sounds, as in thin and thine, the latter sound 
being indicated in this dictionary by italics, 
thus. T is used to denote things of the shape 
of the capital letter, as a T-square, T-rail, 
etc. — To a T, to a nicety; as, that fits to a T. 

TAAL(tal),n. Language; speech. [S. Afr. Dut.] 

TAB (tab), n. 1. Latchet or flap of a shoe. 2. 
Metal tip on the end of a shoe-lace, corset-lace, 
etc. ; tag. 3. Pendant 
part of a garment, as 
a hanging sleeve. 
4. Border of lace or 
ruching. 5. Tally; 
check; account. 
(Colloq.) 

TABANUS(ta-ba'nus), 
n. Genus of the fam- 
ily Tabanidm inclu- 
ding gad-flies and 
horse-flies. Flies like 
the black gad-fly 

" (Tabanus atratus), 
an American species, 
carry germs of an- 
thrax, a cattle disease. [L„ gad-fly, horse-fly.] 

TABARD (tabard), n. Medieval emblazoned 
garment worn by knights over the 
body armor; afterward worn by 
other classes in England and France. 
[Fr. — L. L. tabarrus, cloak.] 

TABARET (taba-ret), n. Stout satin- 
striped silk, used for furniture. 

TABASCO (ta-basko), n. Pungent 
catsup made from the ripe pulp of a 
kind of red pepper (Capsicum annu- 
um). [Tabasco, a State of Mexico.] 

TABBINET, TABINET (tabi-net), n. 
1. Kind of taffeta or tabby. 2. Fabric 
of silk and wool, for upholstery. 
[Prob. from TABBY.l 

TABBY (tab'i), I. n. [pi. TAB'BIES.] 1. Coarse 
kind of waved or watered silk. 2. Artificial 
stone, a mixture of shells, gravel, stones, and 
water. 3. Brindled cat; any cat. 4. Old 
maid; gossip. II. a. Brindled; diversified in 
color. [Fr. tabis — Ar. attdbi, watered silk.] 

TABBY (tab'i), vt. [pr.p. TABBYING; p.t. and 
p.p. TABBIED (tabid).] Give a wavy or 
watered appearance to ; as, to tabby silk, etc. 

TABERNACLE (tab'er-na-kl), n. 1. Lightly 
constructed temporary habitation; tent; pavil- 
ion. 2. Movable building, used by the Israel- 




Tabanus (T. atratus), 

black gad-fly. 
. Larva, b. Pupa. c. Adult. 




Tabard. 




Mormon Tabernacle at Salt Lake City. 



ites in the wilderness to shelter the ark of the 
covenant and other sacred articles. 3. House 
of worship, especially one of large size. [L. 
tabernacu- 
lum, tent, 
dim. of 
taberna, 
tavern — 
root of tab- 
ula, table.] 

TABES (ta'- 
b e z ) , ». 
Pathol, 
Wasting 
away of the body. [L. tabeo, melt away.] 

TABETIC (ta-bet'lk), TABID (tab'id), o. Af- 
fected with tabes. 

TABLATURE (tab'la-tur), n. 1. Painting, es- 
pecially on a wall or ceiling. 2. Ancient mode 
of writing music by letters, etc. 3. Division of 
any plate-like bone of the skull into inner and 
outer hard table. [Fr. — L. tabula, board.] 

TABLE (ta'bl), I. n. 1. Smooth, flat slab or 
board, with legs, used as an article of furniture. 
2, Supply of food ; entertainment. 3. Com- 
pany at a table. 4. Board for backgammon 
or checkers. 5. Surface on which something 
Is written or engraved; that which Is cut or 
written; Inscription. 6. Condensed state- 
ment; syllabus; index; arrangement of words 
or numbers in a series of columns; as, the 
multiplication table. II. a. Appertaining to, 
provided or necessary for, or used at, table; 
as, table linen. [Fr. — L. tabula, board.] 

TABLE (ta'bl), vt. [pr.p. TA'BLING; p.U and p.p. 
TABLED (ta'bld).] 1. Lay or place on a ta- 
ble. 2. Lay on the table, as in a parliamen- 
tary body; defer for future consideration; post- 
pone. 3. Carpentry. Fit together so as to 
prevent slipping, as timbers. 4. Naut. 
Strengthen by wide hems, as sails. 

TABLEAU (ta-blo'), n. [pi. TABLEAUX (ta- 
bid') or TABLEAUS (ta-bloz').] 1. Living 
picture, consisting of a person or group of per- 
sons, in proper costume, to represent some in- 
teresting scene. 2. Striking or vivid repre- 
sentation or situation. [Fr., dim. of table.) 

TABLE-CLOTH (ta'bl-klath), n. Cloth for cov- 
ering a table. 

TABLE D'HOTE (ta'bl dot). Complete meal at 
a fixed price. [Fr., table of the host.] 

TABLE-KNIFE (ta'bl-nlf), ». [pi. TABLE- 
KNIVES (ta'bl-nivz).] Ordinary knife used 
at table, distinguished from fruit-knife, etc. 

TABLE-LAND (ta'bl-land), ». Extensive ele- 
vated land ; plateau. 

TABLESPOON (ta'bl-spdn), ». Large spoon. 

TABLET (tab'let), n. 1. Small table or flat sur- 
face. 2. Something flat on which to write; 
writing-pad. 3. Confection or medicine in 
the form of a small flat disk. [Dim. of TABLE.] 

TABLE-TALK (ta'bl-tak), n. Conversation at 
table or at meals; familiar conversation. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
vi=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TABLE-TIPPING 



1089 



TACTICS 



TABLE-TIPPING (ta'bl-tip-ing), TABLE-TURN- 
ING (ta/bl-turn-ing), n. Mediumlstic mani- 
festation, consisting of moving tables, etc., at- 
tributed by spiritualists to the agency of spirits. 

TABLE-WORK (ta'bl-wurk), n. Print. Tabu- 
lated matter; act of setting such matter. 

TABOO (ta-bo'), n. 1. Institution among the 
Polynesians by which certain things are conse- 
crated. 2. Prohibition; interdict. [Maori 
tapu, sacred.] 

TABOO (ta-bo), vt. [pr.p. TABOOING; p.t. and 
p.p. TABOOED (ta-bod').] 1. Put under ta- 
boo. 2. Shut out; interdict. 

TABOR (ta/bur), n. Small drum played with 
one stick. [Fr. tambour — Pers. tambur, kind 
of zither.] 

TABOR (ta'bur), v. [pr.p. TABORING; p.t. and 
p.p. TABORED (ta'burd).] I. vt. Sound by 
beating a tabor. II. vi. 1. Play upon the 
tabor. 2. Strike lightly and frequently. 

TABORET (tab'o-ret), n. Small tabor. 

TABOURET (tab'o-ret), n. 1. Taboret. 2. Small 
seat without arms; 
kind of stool, so called 
from its shape, which 
originally somewhat 
resembled a tabor or 
drum. 

TABULA (tab'u-la), «. 
[pi. TAB.'UUE.] One 
of the horizontal plates 
that extend from side 
to side across the cav- 
ity of some corals, 
which they divide into 
chambers, one above 
another. [L., table.] 

TABULAR (tab'u-lar), a. 

pertaining to, a table or synopsis. 

TABULATE (tab'u-lat), vt. [pr.p. TAB'ULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. TABULATED.] 1. Ar- 
range in, or reduce to, tables or synopses. 2. 
Shape with a flat surface. 

TACE (tii'sa), n. Music. Direction that a 
voice, instrument or part is to be silent for a 
certain specified time. [It. — L. taceo, be silent.] 

TACET (ta'set), n. Music. Direction that a 
vocal or instrumental part is to be silent during 
a whole movement. [L. taceo, be silent.] 

TACHOGRAPH (tak'o-graf), n. Instrument 
that records the number of revolutions made 
by a shaft or machine. [Gr. tachos, speed, and 
-GRAPH.] 

TACHOMETER (ta-kom'e-ter), n. Instrument 
for measuring velocity; speedometer. See 
illustration under SPEEDOMETER. [Gr. 
tachos, speed, and -METER.] 

TACHYPOD (tak'i-pod), n. Roller-skate having 
two large wheels resembling those of a bicycle. 
[Gr. tachys, swift, and pous, podos, foot.] 

TACIT (tas'it), a. Implied, but not expressed by 
words. [L. tacitus, silent.] 

TACITLY (tas'it-li), adv. In a tacit manner. 




Tabouret. 
Of the form of, or 



TACITURN (tas'i-turn), a. Habitually silent; 
not fond of talking. [L. taciturnus.] 

SYN. Uncommunicative; reticent; re- 
served; close. ANT. Open; unreserved; 
frank. 

TACITURNITY (tas-i-tur'ni-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being taciturn. 

TACITURNLY (tas'i-turn-li), adv. In a taciturn 
manner. 

TACK (tak), n. 1. Short, sharp nail, with a 
broad head. 2. Rope to fasten the corner of 
a sail. 3. Course of a ship in reference to 
the position of her sails. [Gael, tac, sharp 
point.] 

TACK (tak), v. [pr.p. TACKING; p.t. and p.p. 
TACKED (takt).] I. vt. Fasten, especially 
in a slight manner, as by tacks. II. vi. 
Change the course of a ship by shifting the 
position of the sails. 

TACKINESS (tak'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tacky. 

TACKLE (tak'l), n. 1. Ropes, rigging, etc., of 
a ship. 2. Tools; weapons; angler's outfit. 
3. Ropes, pulleys, etc., for raising heavy 
weights. 4. One who tackles, as in football. 
[Sw. tackel — taga, seize.] 




Tackle Blocks. 

TACKLE (tak'l), vt. [pr.p. TACK 'LING; p.t. 
and p.p. TACKLED (tak'ld).] 1. Provide 
with tackle. 2. Attach; hitch. 3. Seize; 
attack. 

TACKLING (tak'ling), n. 1. Furniture or ap- 
paratus belonging to the masts, yards, etc., of 
a ship. 2. Harness for drawing a carriage; 
tackle. 

TACKY (tak'i), a. Sticky; tenacious; as, a 
tacky lubricating oil. 

TACLOBO (tak'lo-bo), n. Giant clam {Tridacna 
gigas), of the Indian Ocean, the shell of which 
often weighs five hundred pounds. 

TACOMA (ta-ko'ma), n. City, Washington, at 
southern extremity of Puget Sound. 

TACT (takt), n. 1. Touch; feeling. 2. Pe- 
culiar skill or faculty based on nice perception 
and a knowledge of human nature. 3. Stroke 
in beating time in music. [L, tactus, touch.] 

TACTICIAN (tak-tish'an), n. One skilled in 
tactics. 

TACTICS (tak'tlks), n. 1. Science or art of 
maneuvering military or naval forces In the 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=« in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TACTILE 



1090 



TAKING 



2. Method of pro- 
(techne, art) — tasso, 



or frog; 




Tadpoles of Toad. 

1. Eggs. 2. Single Egg. 3. Young tadpoles hang- 
ing to a plant. 4 to 9. Successive stages of devel- 
opment. 



presence of the enemy. 

ceeding. [Gr. taktike 

taxo, arrange.] 
TACTILE (tak'til), a. Pertaining to touch; 

that maybe touched or felt. [L. tango, touch. 

See TACT.] 
TACTION (tak'shun), n. Act of touching. 
TACTUAL (tak'tu-al), a. . Relating to, or de- 
rived from, the sense of touch. 
TADPOLE (tad'pol), n. Young toad, 

polliwog. 

[A.S. tddie, 

toad, and 

pol L, a <g} o y o 

head.] .0°°^ 

TAEL(tal),n. 

1. Chinese 

ounce. 2. 

Unit of 

Chinese 

monetary 

system. 

Value va- 

r i e s , = 

about 81.05 U. S. gold. 
TAFFEREL (taf'er-el), TAFFRAIL (taf'ral), n. 

Upper part of a ship's stern timbers. [Dut. 

tafereel, panel.] 
TAFFETA (taf'e-ta), TAFFETT (taf'e-ti), n. 

1. Silk fabric plainly woven. 2. Thin glossy 
silk stuff, having a wavy luster. [It. taffeta — 
Pers. taftah, woven.] 

TAFFRAIL (taf'ral), n. Same as TAFFEREL. 

TAFFY (taf'i), n. 1. Sweetmeat made of mo- 
lasses boiled down. 2. Flattery. (Colloq.) 
[Perhaps — Fr. tafia — Malay, tafia, spirit dis- 
tilled from molasses.] 

TAG (tag), n. 1. Point of metal at the end 
of a string. 2. Any small thing tacked or at- 
tached to something else, as to a parcel or 
package; label. 3. Rabble; ravel. 4. Game 
in which the person gains who tags or touches 
another. — Tag day, day set apart by chari- 
table societies for soliciting, each contributor 
being given an appropriate tag or badge in 
acknowledgment of his gift. [Sw. tagg, point.] 

TAG (tag), vt. [pr.p. TAGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
TAGGED (tagd).] 1. Fit with a tag or point. 

2. Append or attach a tag to. 3. Label with 
an inscribed tag. 4. Join or attach; as, to 
tag one hypothesis to another. 5. Follow 
closely. 6. Touch, as in the game of tag. 

TAGAL (ta-gal'), TAGALO (ta-ga'16), TaGA- 
LOG (ta-ga'log), n. Member of a Malay 
tribe occupying the central portion of Luzon, 
the coasts of Mindoro and some smaller is- 
lands of the Philippines. 

TAHITI (ta-he'te), n. Chief island of the So- 
ciety Islands. Area 403 sq. m. 

TAIL (tal), n. 1. Appendage at the end of the 
backbone of an animal, as in quadrupeds, 
birds, and fishes. 2. Anything resembling a 
tall in appearance, position, etc., as a catkin, 



train of a comet, train of attendants, part op- 
posed to the head, etc. [A. S. tcegl.] 

TAIL (tal), n. Estate which is limited to certain 
heirs. [Fr. taille, cutting. See ENTAIL.] 

TAIL (tal), vt. [pr.p. TAIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TAILED (tald).] 1. Supply with a tail; as, 
to tail a kite. 2. Follow secretly in order 
to watch or detect; shadow. 

TAILING (tal'ing), ». 1. Portion of any material 
separated as inferior; as, tailings of grain or of 
ore. 2. Arch. Part of a projecting stone or brick 
inserted in a wall. 3. [pi.] Teleg. Prolonga- 
tion of the current at the distant receiving 
station due to the discharge of the line and to 
self-induction. 

TAILOR (ta'lur), n. [fern. TAl'LORESS.] One 
who cuts out and makes clothes. [Fr. taillure 
— tailler, cut.] 

TAILOR (ta'lur), vi. [pr.p. TAILORING; p.U 
and p.p. TAILORED (ta'lurd).] Work as a 
tailor. 

TAILOR-BIRD (ta'lur-berd), n. Bird that con- 
structs its nest at the ex- 
tremity of a twig, taking 
one large or two small 
leaves and sewing their 
edges together, using its 
bill as a needle and vege- 
table fiber as thread. 

TAILORING (ta'lur-ing), n. Occu- 
pation or work of a tailor. 

TAIL-PIECE (tal'pes), n. End- 
piece of any kind; ornamental 
engraving at the end of a book 
or chapter; piece of ebony at the 
end of an instrument, as a violin, to which 
the strings are fastened. 

TAINT (tant), n. 1. Infection; corruption. 
2. Spot; moral blemish. [O. Fr. taint — L. 
tingo, tinctutn, wet. See TINGE.] 

TAINT (tant), v. [pr.p. TAINT'lNG; p.t. and 
p.p. TAINT 'ED.] I. vt. Impregnate with 
anything noxious; infect; stain. II. vi. Be 
affected with something corrupting. 

TAKE (tak),i\ [pr.p. TA'KING; p.t. TOOK (tok) ; 
p.p. TAKEN (ta'kn).] I. vt. 1. Lay hold of; 
get into one's possession; catch; capture; 
choose. 2. Receive; allow; endure; under- 
stand; agree to; become affected with. II. vi. 
1. Have the intended effect. 2. Gain re- 
ception; please. 3. Be favorably disposed. 
4. Have recourse. [Ice. taka.] 

TAKE (tak), n. 1. Act of taking. 2. That 
which is taken. » 3. Print. Portion of copy 
taken by a compositor at one time. 

TAKE-IN (tak'in), n. Fraud; cheat; imposi- 
tion. 

TAKEN (ta'kn), v. Past participle of TAKE. 

TAKE-OFF (tak'af), n. Imitation of another by 
way of caricature. 

TAKER (taker), n. 1. One who takes, seizes, 
or captures. 2. One who accepts a bet. 

TAKING (taking), a. Captivating; alluring. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 






TAKINGLY 



1091 



TALLY 




Talae (Periophthalmus barbarus) . 



TAKINGLY (ta'king-li), adv. In a taking man- 
ner; attractively. 

TAKU (ta-ko), n. Town, China, on Pe-chi-li 
Gulf, at mouth of Peiho River. 

TaKU-ShaN (ta-ko-shan'), n. City of southern 
Manchuria, on Korea Bay, 60 miles west of 
mouth of the Yalu River; used as military hase 
by Japanese in Russo-Japanese War. 

TALAE (ta-la'e)» n. Extraordinary little quick- 
moving fish 
abundant at 
mouths o f 
streams of 
Samoa and 
other South 
Pacific Is- 
lands, freely 
leaving wa- 
ter to climb 
bushes, skip 
through 
grass, or lurk 
under piles 
of stones to 
await the re- 
turning tide. 
The promi- 
nent eyes are capable of turning around like 
those of land animals, whence the generic 
name "around eye" (Periophthalmus), In 
color the bush-climbing, eye-turning fish is 
olive or mottled gray, with speckles, cross- 
streaks, spots, and reticulations varying in 
different specimens. [Native Samoan word.] 

TALC (talk), n. Mineral occurring in thin 
flakes, of a white or green color, and a soapy 
feel. [Fr. — Ar. talag.] 

TALCKY (talk'l), a. Same as TALCOSE. 

TALCOSE (talk'os), TALCOTJS (talk'us), a. Par- 
taking of the character of talc. 

TALCUM (tal'kum), n. Pharm. Same as TALC. 
— Talcum powder, pulverized talcum, used as 
a toilet powder for softening the skin and pre- 
venting chafing. 

TALE (tal), n. 1. Narrative; story; fable. 2. 
Number; reckoning; amount; total. [A. S. 
tal; cf. Ger. zahl.] 

TALE-BEARER (tal'bar-er), n. One who ma- 
liciously bears or tells tales. 

TALE-BEARING (tal'bar-ing), I. a. Given 
to telling tales, or officiously spreading scan- 
dal. II. n. Act of telling secrets. 

TALENT (tal'ent), n. 1. Ancient weight or 
sum of money=$l,650 to $1,925. 2. Facul- 
ty; natural or special aptitude. [L. talentum — 
Gr. talanton, weight — tlao, bear, weigh.] 

TALENTED (tal'ent-ed), a. Possessing talents 
or mental gifts. 

TALES (ta'lez), n.pl. 1. Persons in court 
from whom selections are made to supply the 
place of jurors who are on the panel, but fail to 
appear. 2. Pleading or writ for the purpose 
of supplying the place of jurors. [From first 



word of the Latin phrase tales de circumstanti- 
bus, such of the bystanders.] 

TALESMAN (ta'lez-man or talz'man), «.. [pi. 
TALESMEN.] Person summoned to act as a 
juror from among the bystanders at court. 

TALIPES (tal'i-pez), n. Club-foot; deformed 
foot. [N. L. — L. talus, ankle, and pes, foot.] 

TALISMAN (tal'is-man), n. [pi. TALISMANS.] 
Charm engraved on metal or stone, to which 
wonderful effects are ascribed; something that 
produces extraordinary effects. [Ar. tilsam — 
L. Gr. telesma, consecration.] 

TALISMANIC (tal-is-man'ik), a. Having the 
qualities or properties of a talisman; magical. 

TALK (tak), v. [pr.p. TALKING; p.t. and p.p. 
TALKED (takt).] I. vi. 1. Speak; con- 
verse; confer. 2. Prattle; chatter. 3. Ut- 
ter words, as a parrot, or a mechanical con- 
trivance. 4. Have the significance or influ- 
ence of speech; as, actions talk, money talks. 
II. vt. 1. Express in words; enunciate. 2. 
Discuss; discourse about. 3. Use as one's 
language. 4. Accomplish or effect by speak- 
ing. [Ice. tala, speak — tulka, interpret.] 

TALK (tak), n. 1. Familiar conversation. 2. 
That which is uttered in familiar intercourse; 
topic; theme. 3. Subject of discourse. 4. Ru- 
mor; report; hearsay; gossip. 5. Braggado- 
cio; bluster; as, his boasting is mere talk. 6. 
Conference. 7. Language; vernacular. 

TALKATIVE (tak'a-tiv), a. Given to much 
talking. 

SYN. Loquacious; garrulous; communi- 
cative; unreserved; chatty; prating; gab- 
bling. ANT. Taciturn; reserved; uncom- 
municative; reticent; close. 

TALKATIVELY (tak'a-tiv-11), adv. In a talka- 
tive manner; loquaciously. 

TALKATIVENESS (tak'a-tiv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being talkative; loquaciousness. 

TALL (tal), a. [comp. TALLER; superl. TALL'- 
EST.] 1. High; long. 2. Having specified 
height. 3. Extravagant; great. [Wei. tal, tall.] 

TALL (tal), a. Seemly; brave; excellent. [A. S. 
tail, good.] 

TALLAHASSEE (tal-a-has'e), n. Capital of 
Florida. 

TALLITH (tal'ith), n. Mantle or scarf, worn by 
Jews, at prayer. [Heb.] 

TALLOW (tal'o), n. 1. Fat of animals melted. 
2. Any coarse, hard fat. [Ger. tagl.] 

TALLOW (tal'o), vt. [pr.p. TALLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. TALLOWED (tal'od).] Grease with 
tallow. 

TALLY (tal'i), n. [pi. TAL'LIES.] 1. One of 
two sticks notched alike to keep account by. 
2. Anything corresponding to another as du- 
plicate. 3. Any recorded score, as a baseball 
score; reckoning; count; as, he paid the tally. 
[Fr. taille, cutting.] 

TALLY (tali), v. [pr.p. TAL 'LYING; p.t. and 
p.p. TALLIED (tal'id).] I. vt. 1. Score, as 
with a tally. 2. Make to correspond; fit. 3. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; m§, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, 'nut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1s.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



TALLY-HO 



1092 



TAN 



Keep tally; 




Naut. Pull aft. II. 
score. 2. Conform; fit 
TALLY-HO (tall ho), 
cry betokening that 
a fox has been 
started. II. n. In 
the United States 
four-in-hand pleas- 
ure coach. 

Talmud (tai'mud), 

n. Body of Hebrew 

laws, comprising Tally-ho. 

the written law (Mishnah) and the traditions 

and comments (Gemara) of the Jewish doc- 
tors. [Heb., instruction.] 
TALMUDIC (tal-mud'ik), a. Of the Talmud. 
TALON (tal'un), n. 1. Claw of a bird of prey. 

2. Cards remaining in the pack after dealing. 

[Fr. — L. talus, heel.] 
TAMABLE (ta'ma-bl) , o. Capable of being tamed . 
TAMABLENESS (ta'ma-bl-nes), TAMABILITY 

(ta-ma-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being 

tamable. 
TAMAL (ta-mal'), TAMALE (ta-ma'le), n. [pi. 

TAMALES (ta-ma'laz or ta-ma'lez).] Mexican 

dumpling of minced meat, corn meal, and 

chillies, cooked in a corn-husk. [Sp. Mex.] 
TAMANDUA (ta-man'du-a), n. Small or four- 
toed South American ant-bear. [Native name.] 
TAMANOIR (tam'a-nwor),n. Great or three-toed 

South American ant-bear. 
TAMARACK (tam'a-rak), n. 1. American 

larch, furnishing heavy strong timber; hack- 
matack. 2. Black or ridgepole pine of the 

Pacific coast. 
TAMARIND (tam'a-rlnd), n. E. 

Indian tree, with a sweet, pulpy 

fruit in pods, much used as food 

and in. medicine. [Ar. tamr 

Hindi, Hindu date.] 
TAMARISK (tam'a-risk), n. Shrub 

with small white or pink flowers. 

[L. tamariscus.] 
TAMBOUR (tam'bor), n. 1. Small 

shallow drum. 2. Circular frame 

for embroidering. 3. Rich kind 

of gold and silver embroidery. 4. 

Drum-like device for recording 

pulsations. [Fr. — Ar. tambur, 

drum.] 
TAMBOUR (tam'bor), vt. and vi. 

[pr.p. TAM'BOTJRING; p.t. and 

p.p. TAMBOURED (tam'bord).] 

Embroider with or on a tambour. 
TAMBOURINE (tam-bo-ren), n. Shallow drum 

with one skin and 

bells, and played on 

with the hand. [Fr. 

tanibourin, dim. of 

tambour.] 
TAME (tarn), a. [comp. 

TA'MER; superl. TA'- 

MEST.j 1. Having lost native wildness and 




Tamarind. 




Tambourine. 



shyness; domesticated. 2. Gentle. 3. Spir- 
itless; without vigor; dull. [A. S. tarn.] 

TAME (tarn), vt. [pr.p. TA'MING; p.t. and p.p. 
TAMED (tamd).] 1. Reduce to a domestic 
state; make gentle or tame. 2. Put or keep 
down; subdue. 

TAMELESS (tam'les), a. Incapable of being 
tamed; untamable. 

TAMELESSNESS (tam'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tameless. 

TAMELY (tam'll), adv. In a tame manner. 

TAMENESS (tam'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tame. 

TAMER (ta'mer), n. One who tames or sub- 
dues. 

TAMIL (tam'll), n. 1. One of a race of Ceylon 
and Southern India, belonging to the Dra vidian 
people. 2. Language of the race. 

TAMIS (tam'is), n. Strainer or sieve made of 
hair or cloth. [Fr.] 

TAM-O'-SHANTER (tam-6-shan'ter), n. Flat 
Scotch woolen tasseled cap with top broader 
than the band. [Named for the drunken farmer 
of Burns's poem.] 

TAMP (tamp), vt. [pr.p. TAMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TAMPED (tampt).] 1. Plug up, as a 
hole drilled in a rock for blasting, after the 
explosive has been introduced. 2. Force or 
beat down by repeated strokes, as the loose 
earth around a fence post. [From same root 
as TAP.] 

TAMPER (tam'per) n. One who or that which 
tamps. 

TAMPER (tam'per), vi. [pr.p. TAM'PERING; 
p.t. and p.p. TAMPERED (tam'perd).] 1. 
Try little experiments without necessity. 
2. Meddle. 3. Practice secretly and un- 
fairly. [A by-form of TEMPER.] 

TAMPING (tamp'ing), n. Material used as 
packing in ramming down a charge in a blast- 
hole. 

TAMPION (tam'pi-un) 9 n. Plug for the mouth 
of a cannon, when not in use. [See TAP.] 

TAMPON (tampon), n. 1. Plug used to stop 
hemorrhage. 2. Cushion used to dress hair 
into a puff; also called a rat, 

TAMTAM (tamtam), n. 1. Kind of drum 
used in East Indies and Western Africa. It is 
beaten upon by the fingers or open hand, and 
produces a hollow, monotonous sound; tom- 
tom. 2. Chinese gong. [Hind., from the sound 
produced.] 

TAMTAM (tamtam), v. [pr.p. TAM'TAMMING; 
p.t. and p.p. TAMTAMMED (tam'tamd).] L, 
vt. Beat on a tamtam; as, to tamtam time. 
II. vi. Beat upon a tamtam. 

TAN (tan), n. 1. Bark bruised and broken for 
tanning. 2. Yellowish brown color. [Fr. — 
Breton tann, oak.] 

TAN (tan), v. [pr.p. TAN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
TANNED (tand).] I. vt. 1. Convert, as skins 
and hides, into leather by steeping in vegetable 
solutions containing tannin. 2. Make brown 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\k—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



TANAGER 



1093 



TAP 



or tawny. 3. Thrash. II. vi. Become tanned. 

TANAGER (tan'a-jer), n. Brilliant-colored sing- 
ing bird of many species. 

TANDEM (tan'dem), I. a. Harnessed singly, 
one before the other. II. n. 1. Team of 
horses so harnessed. 2. Bicycle for two or 
more riders, one behind another. [Originated 
in university slang, in a play on the L. adv. 
tandem, at length.] 

TANG (tang), n. Strong or offensive taste, es- 
pecially of something extraneous. [L. Ger. 
tanger, biting.] 

TANG (tang), n. Tapering part of a knife or 
tool which goes into the haft. [By-form of 
TONG. See TONGS.] 

TANGANYIKA (tiin-gan-ye'ka), n. Lake in E. 
Africa, length 420 m., breadth 15 to 80 m. 

TANGENCY (tan'j en-si), n. State of being tan- 
gent; contact or touching. 

TANGENT (tan'Jent), I. n. Line which touches a 
curve, and which when produced does not 
cut it. II. a. 1. Touching. 2. In geometry, 
touching at a single point. [Fr. — L. tangens, 
pr.p. of tango, touch.] 

TANGENTIAL (tan-jen'shal), a. Of, pertaining 
to, or in the direction of, a tangent. 

TANGERINE (tan-Jer-en'), n. Variety of Chinese 
seedless orange. [Fr. Tanger, Tanglers.] 

TANGHIN (tang'gin), n. Deadly poison obtained 
from the seeds of Tanghinia venenifera, a tree 
of Madagascar. [Native name in Madagascar.] 

TANGIBILITY (tan-ji-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being tangible. 

TANGIBLE (tan'j i-bl), a. 1. Perceptible to the 
touch. 2. Capable of being possessed or 
realized. [L. tangibilis — tango.] 

TANGIBLENESS (tan'ji-bl-nes), n. Same as 
TANGIBELITY. 

TANGIBLY (tan'j i-bli), adv. So as to be per- 
ceptible to the touch. 

TANGIER (tan-jer'), n. Seaport, Morocco, on 
Strait of Gibraltar; also spelled Tangiers. 

TANGLE (tang'gl), n. 1. Knot of things united 
confusedly. 2. Edible seaweed. 3. Per- 
plexity or embarrassment. [Dan. tang, sea- 
weed.] 

TANGLE (tang'gl), v. [pr.p. TAN'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. TANGLED (tang'gld).] I. vt. 1. 
Unite together confusedly; interweave. 2. En- 
snare. II. vi. Become entangled. 

TANGUM (tang'gum), n. Variety of piebald 
horse found In Tibet. 

TANISTRY (tan'ist-ri), n. Mode of tenure that 
prevailed among various Celtic tribes, accord- 
ing to which a holder of honors or lands held 
them only for life, and his successor was fixed 
by election. 

TANK (tangk), n. Large basin; cistern; reser- 
voir. [O. Fr. estanc — L. stagnum, pool.] 

TANKARD (tangk'ard), n. Large vessel for 
holding liquors; drinking vessel with a lid. 
[O. F. tanquard, tankard, origin uncertain.] 

TANNER (tau'er), n. One who tans. 



TANNERY (tan'er-i), n. [pi. TAN'NERD3S.l 
Place where the operations of tanning are car- 
ried on. 

TANNIC (tan'ik), a. Of, or from, tan. 

TANNIN (tan'in), n. Astringent vegetable sub- 
stance found largely In oak-bark or gall-nuts, 
in tea, coffee, etc., of great use in tanning; tan- 
nic acid. [Fr. tanin.] 

TANSY (tan'zi), n. 1. Bitter, aromatic plant 
with rayless yellow flowers. 2. Formerly, a 
pudding flavored with tansy juice. [Fr. tan' 
aisie — Gr. athanasia, immortality.] 

TANTALIZE (tan'ta-liz), vt. [pr.p. TAN'TALI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. TANTALIZED (tan 'ta-lizd).] 
Tease or torment by presenting something de- 
sirable to the view, but continually frustrating 
the expectations by keeping it out of reach; ex- 
cite by expectations or fears which will not be 
realized. [L. Tantalus.] 

TANTALUM (tan'ta-lum), n. Rare metal, of a 
grayish-white color, like platinum, of specific 
gravity 16.64. Being extremely hard and duc- 
tile, It can be drawn into very fine wires. It is 
used in wireless telegraphy. [L» Tantalus.] 

TANTALUS (tan'ta-lus), n. 1. Greek Myfh. Son 
of Zeus, who was placed in a pool of water in 
the infernal regions, under a tree with delicious 
fruits, but the waters and fruit receded from 
him whenever he attempted to satisfy his long- 
ings for food and water. 2. Genus of vora- 
cious wading birds of the her- 
on family, including the wood- 
ibis of America. 3. Locked 
glass case containing decanters. 

TANTAMOUNT (tan'ta-mownt), 
a. Equivalent, in value, force, 
effect, or signification. [Fr. tant 
— L. tantus, so much, and 
AMOUNT.] 

TANTIVY (tan-tiv'i), I. adv. 
Swiftly. II. n. 1. Rapid, vio- 
lent gallop. 2. Adherent of the court in time 
of Charles II. [From the notes of a hunting- 
horn.] 

TANTRA (tan'tra), n. Section of certain San- 
skrit sacred works on the worship of the female 
energy of Sakti. Each tantra has the form 
of a dialogue between Siva and his wife. 
[Sans, tan, believe.] 

TANTRUM (tantrum), n. Fit or burst of ill- 
humor. [Wei. tant, burst of passion.] 

TAN- YARD (tan'yard), n. Inclosure where the 
tanning of leather Is carried on. 

TAOTO (ta-6'to), n. Samoan fish (Zenarchop- 
terus vaisiganis) six inches in length with elon- 





Taoto (Zenarchopterus vaisiganis). 
gate body and deciduous scales, first made 



known to science in 1906. 
TAP (tap), v. [pr.p. TAP'PING; 



.*. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



TAP 



1094 



TAB 



TAPPED (tapt).] I. vt. 1. Strike with some- 
thing small; touch gently; rap; pat. 2. Put a 
thickness of leather on. II. vi. Strike a light 
blow. [Ger. tappen, grope, strike.] 

TAP (tap), n. Gentle blow or touch. — Tap day, 
at Yale University, a day set apart annually, 
about May 15th or 20th, for election to the 
Senior societies, "Skull and Bones," "Scroll 
and Keys," and "Wolf's Head." On this day 
Juniors are admitted to the Senior priv- 
ileges of going bareheaded, wearing a mous- 
tache, roller-skating, spinning tops and bow- 
ing to the President after chapel. In the 
afternoon the Junior class — now become 
Seniors — gather around the elm at the north 
end of the campus, and as five o'clock strikes 
in the chapel tower, the Senior members of 
the three societies appear from the Senior 
dormitory at the south end of the campus, 
and, in groups of two or three, pace sternly 
down the walk to the crowd of Juniors. Each 
Senior selects one man from the crowd, whom 
he "taps" on the shoulder, saying "Go to your 
room." The man thus "tapped" goes rapidly 
to his room, followed by the Senior dressed 
in black suit, black tie, and black derby. 
When the pair have reached the door of the 
Junior's room the Senior leaves the Junior 
who shortly after returns to the campus alone, 
where he receives congratulations. If the 
man "tapped" does not accept the election, 
he does not go to his room, but remains in 
the crowd, and the Senior at once "taps" 
another man. 

TAP (tap), n. 1. Faucet or short pipe through 
which liquor is drawn. 2. Place where li- 
quor is drawn. 3. Liquor drawn from a cask. 
4. Boring tool; reamer. [A. S. tmppa.] 

TAP (tap), vt. [pr.p. TAPPING; p.U and p.p. 
TAPPED (tapt).] 1. Pierce so as to let out 
fluid. 2. Draw liquor from, as by turning a 
faucet. 3. Make connection with for the 
purpose of drawing something from; as, to tap 
a telegraph wire. 4. Cut an internal screw- 
thread in with a tapping machine. [A. S. tcep- 
pan — tceppa, tap.] 

TAPADEBA (tap-a-da'ra), n. Heavy leather 
cover on stirrup of a California saddle. [Sp.] 

TAP-BOLT (tap'boM, n. Bolt with thread to 
screw into material, not fastened with a nut. 

TAP-CINDEB (tap'sin-der), n. Slag produced 
in puddling, a silicate rich in iron oxid. 

TAPE (tap), n. Narrow band of woven-work, 
used for strings, etc. 

TAPE-LLNE (tap'lin), n. Instrument for meas- 
uring, often made of steel ribbon, from 20 to 50 
feet long. 

TAPE-MEASTJBE (tap'mezh-6r), n. Piece of 
tape for measuring, from one yard to two yards 
in length. 

TAPEB (ta'per), I. n. Small wax-candle or light. 
I. a. Narrowed towards one end. [A. S.] 

TAPEB (ta'per), v. [pr.p. T A 'PEKING; p.t. and 




Tapestry-moth (Trichophaga 
tapetzella). 



p.p. TAPERED (ta'perd).J I. vt. Make gradu- 
ally smaller toward one end. II. vi. Become 
gradually smaller toward one end. 

TAPEBING (ta'per-ing), a. Gradually diminish- 
ing toward a point. 

TAPEBLNGLT (ta'per-ing-li), adv. In a tapering 
manner. 

TAPESTBY (tap'es-tri), n. Woven hangings of 
wool and silk. — Tapestry carpet, two-ply car- 
pet, the warp or weft being printed before 
weaving so as to produce a figure in the cloth. 
[Fr. tapisserie — tapis — 31. L. tapetiutn.] 

TAPESTBY-MOTH (tap'es-tri-math), n. Moth 
of the spe- 
cies Trico- 
phaga tapet- 
zella and its 
larvae that 
feed on car- 
pets, horse- 
blan k e ts, 
tapestries, 
furs, wool- 
en upholstering of carriages and other 
stuffs heavier than those attacked by the 
smaller clothes-moths Tinea pellionella and 
Tineola. 

TAPEWOBM (tap'wurm), n. Worm often of 
great length, found in the intestines of verte- 
brates. The "head" is really the whole worm, 
the other parts being generally buds, issuing 
from the head one after the other. 

TAPIOCA (tap-i-6'ka), n. Glutinous and granu- 
lar substance obtained from the roots of the 
cassava plant of Brazil. [Brazilian.] 

TAPIB (ta'per), n. Thick-skinned, short-necked 
animal, having a short, flexible proboscis, 
found in Sumatra and South America. [Sp. 
tapiro — Braz. tapyra, tapir.] 

TAPIS (ta'pis), n. Tapestry; cover of a council 
table. — On the tapis, under consideration, [Gr. 
tapis, figured cloth.] 

TAPPEB (taper), n. Teleg. Key used in single 
needle telegraph transmitters. 

TAPPET (tap'et), n. Small projecting lever giv- 
ing intermittent motion to a part of a machine. 

TAPBOOM (tap'rom), n. Boom where beer or 
liquor is served. 

TAPBOOT (tap'rot), n. Boot striking directly 
downward without dividing, and tapering, as 
that of the carrot. 

TAPSTEB (tap'ster), n. One who taps or draws 
off liquor. 

TAB (tar), n. 1. Thick, dark-colored, viscid 
product obtained by the destructive distillation 
of organic substances and bituminous miner- 
als, as wood, coal, peat, etc. 2. Sailor. [A. S. 
teru.] 

TAB (tar), vt. [pr.p. TAR'RING; p.t. and p.p. 
TARRED (tard).] Smear or cover with tar. — 
Tar and feather, pour heated tar over, and then 
cover with feathers; once a form of punish- 
ment. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



TARANTULA 



1095 



TART 




Tarantula. 



TARANTULA (ta-ran'tu-la), n. Poisonous large 
spider. [It. tarantola — L. 
Tarentum, a town in S. 
Italy.] 

TARAXACUM (ta-rax'a- 
kum), n. Root of the 
dandelion, used in medi- 
cine. [Botanical word,, 
c o i n e d — Gr. taraxis, * 
trouble, and akeomai, 
cure.] 

TARBOOSH (tar-bosh'), n. 

Red cap of felt or cloth, often with a tassel, 
worn by the Turks, etc. [Ar.] 

TARDIGRADA (tar-dig'ra-da), n.pl. Order of 
mammals consisting of the family of the 
sloths and of some related extinct forms. [L. 
tardus, slow, and gradior, go.] 

TARDIGRADE (tar'di-grad), I. a. Slow- 
going. II. n. One of the Tardigrada. 

TARDILY (tar'di-li), adv. In a tardy manner. 

TARDINESS (tar'di-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tardy. 

TARDY (tar'di), a. 1. Slow. 2. Late; out of 
season. [Fr. tardif — L. tardus, slow.] 

TARE (tar), n. Plant, like the vetch, some- 
times cultivated for fodder. [Etym. doubtful.] 

TARE (tar), n. 1. Weight of the vessel, ve- 
hicle, case, or package in which goods are 
contained. 2. Allowance made for it. [Fr. 
— It. tara — Ar. tarah, throw away.] 

TARGET (target), n. 1. Small buckler or 
shield. 2. Mark or butt 
to shoot at. 3. Figura- 
tively, object of witti- 
cisms,cartoons,satires. 
[O. F. targe, shield.] 

TARGETEER (tar-get- 
er')» n. One armed with 
a target. 

TARHEEL (tar'hel), n. 
Inhabitant of the pine- 
barrens of N. Caro- 
lina, or of any place in 
that State. (Slang.) 

TARIFF (tar'if), n. 1. 
List of goods with the 
duties or customs to 
be paid for the same, 
rates. [Ar. tarif, information.] 

TARLATAN (tar'la-tan), n. Gauzy cotton fab- 
ric, used in ladies' dresses. [Perhaps — Mil- 
anese, tarlantanna, linsey-woolsey. J 

TARN (tarn), n. Small mountain lake or pool, 
especially one which has no visible feeders. 
[Ice. tjarn.] 

TARNISH (tar'nish), v. [pr.p. TARNISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. TARNISHED (tar'nisht).] I. vt. 
1. Spoil by exposure to the air, etc. 2. Di- 
minish the luster or purity of. II. vi. Become 
dull; lose luster. [Fr. ternir (pr.p. ternissant) 
— O. Ger. tarni, hidden.] 

TARNISH (tar'nish), n. Tarnished state; stain. 




Military Target. 
2. Any system 



of 




Taro. 



TARO (ta'ro or ta'rd), n. Stemless plant with 
tuberous starchy 
roots from which 
poi is made. 

TARPAULIN 
(tar-pa'lin), 
TARPAU- 
LIN G (tar- 
pa'ling), n. 1. 
Water-proof 
cover of coarse 
canvas. 2. Sail- 
or's broad brim- 
med water-proof 
hat. 3. Sailors. 
[From TAR and 
PALL.] 

TARPON (tar'pon) 
n. Well known 
gameflsh (Meg- 
alops atlantieus) 
of the southern 
sea coast of the 
United States, of 
the family Elop- 
idce, attaining a 
length of sixfeet. 

TARRAGON (tar- 
a-gon), n. Bot. 
Siberian peren- 
nial plant (Ar- 
temisia dracun- 
culus), having 
narrow leaves 
which emit a 
s t i m ul atlng 
odor, and if chewed produce a pungent mois- 
ture in the mouth. They are used in cookery, 
and as a flavoring for vinegar. [O. Fr. targon 
— Sp. taragoncia — Ar. tarkhun, tarragon — Gr. 
drakon, serpent.] 

TARRIER (tar'i-er), n. One who tarries. 

TARRY (tar'i), a. Consisting of, covered with, 
or like, tar. 

TARRY (tar'i), vi. [pr.p. TAR'RTING; p.t. and 
p.p. TARRIED (tar'id).] 1. Be slow or tardy. 
2. Loiter; stay; delay. [O. Fr. targer — L. tar- 
dus, slow.] 

TARSAL (tar'sal), a. 1. Pertaining to the tarsus or 
instep. 2. Pertaining to the tarsi of the eyelids. 

TARSIER (tar'si-er), n. Very singular little 
animal (Tarsius spectrum), somewhat smaller 
than a squirrel, with very large eyes and ears, 
and a long thin tall with a tuft at the end. 
Native of East Indian Archipelago. 

TARSUS (tar'sus), n. [pi. TARSI (tar'si).] 1. 
All the bones between the tibia and the meta- 
tarsus. 2. Insect's foot. 3. Small plate or 
cartilage along the edge of the eyelid. 

TART (tart), o. 1. Sharp or sour to the taste. 
2. Sharp; severe. [A. S. teart — teran, tear.] 

TART (tart), n. Small pie, containing fruit or 
jelly. [Fr. tarte, tourte — L. tortus, twisted.] 




Taro Capsule. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



TARTAN 



1096 



TATTOO 




Tartar. 



TARTAN (tar'tan), I. n. Woolen stuff, checked 
with various colors, worn in the Scottish High- 
lands. II. a. Woven In a tartan pattern. 
[Fr. tiretaine, linsey-woolsey.] 

TARTAN (tar'tan), n. Small one-masted vessel 
of the Mediterranean. [Fr. tartane — L. L. 
tarta — M. Gr. tarides — Ar. taridah, small 
ship.] 

TARTAR (tiLr'tar), n. 1. Salt which forms on 
the insides of casks containing wine (when 
pure, called cream of tartar). 2. Concretion 
which sometimes forms on the teeth. [Fr. 
tartre — L. L. tartarum — Ar. durd.] 

TARTAR (tar'tar), TATAR (ta'tar), n. Native 
of Tartary. — Catch a Tar- 
tar, lay hold of, or en- 
counter, a person who 
proves too strong for the 
assailant. [Pers. Tatar.] 

TARTARIC (tar-tar'ik), a. 
Pertaining to, or obtained 
from, tartar. 

Tartarus (tar'ta-rus), n. 

In classic mythology, place 
of punishment for the 
wicked; Hades. [L. — Gr. 
Tartar os.] 

TARTISH (tart'ish), a. Some- 
what tart. 

TARTLY (tart'li), adv. In a tart manner. 

TARTNESS (tart'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tart. 

TARTRATE (tar'trat), n. Salt of tartaric acid. 

TASIMETER (ta-sim'e-ter), n. Instrument in- 
vented by Mr. Edison for measuring extreme- 
ly slight variations of pressure, and by 
means of them other variations, as of tem- 
perature, moisture, etc. [Gr. tasis, tension, 
and metron, measure.] 

TASIMETRIC (tas-i-met'rik), a. Pertaining to, 
or determined by, a taslmeter. 

TASK (task), n. Set amount of work, especially 
of study, imposed by one's self or another; 
burdensome toil; undertaking; duty. — Take 
to task, reprove. [O. Fr. tasaue — L. L. tasea — 
L. taxo, rate, tax.] 

TASK (task), vt. [pr.p. TASK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TASKED (taskt).] Charge with; impose a task 
on; oppress with excessive toil. 

TASKER (task'er), n. One who Imposes a task 
or tasks; taskmaster. 

TASKMASTER (task'mas-ter), n. Master who 
Imposes a task; one whose office is to assign 
tasks. 

TASMANIA (taz-ma'ni-a), n. Island, S. of Vic- 
toria, Australia. Area 26,375 sq. m. 

TASMANIAN (taz-ma'ni-an), I. a. Of or per- 
taining to Tasmania. II. n. Native or 
inhabitant of Tasmania. 

TASSEL (tas'l), n. Ornament consisting of a 
bunch of fringe hanging from a roundish mold; 
something like a bunch of fringe, as the head 
of some plants such as corn or Indian maize. 



[O. Fr. tassel — L. taxillus, dim. of talus, die, 
knuckle-bone.] 

TASSELED (tas'ld), a. Adorned with tassels. 

TASSEL-FLOWER (tas'1-flow-er), n. Garden 
flower {Emilia sagittata) with broad tassel- 
formed reddish-yellow heads. 

TASSEL-FORMED (tas'l-farmd), a. Having 
the shape of a tassel. 

TASSEL-STITCH (tas'l-stich), n. Stitch leav- 
ing open loops afterwards cut to form 
fringe. 

TASTABLE (ta'sta-bl), a. That may be tasted. 

TASTE (tast), v. [pr.p. TA'STING; p.t. and p.p. 
TA'STED.] I. vt. 1. Try or perceive by the 
touch of the tongue or palate. 2. Try by eat- 
ing a little; eat a little of. 3. Partake of; ex- 
perience. II. vi. 1. Take food. 2. Have a 
flavor. [O. Fr. taster — L. taxo — tactus, p.p. of 
tango, touch.] 

TASTE (tast), n. 1. Act of tasting; gustation. 
2. Sensation caused by a substance on the 
tongue. 3. Sense by which we perceive the 
flavor of a thing. 4. Quality ; flavor, or savor. 
5. Small portion; specimen; bit. 6. Intellec- 
tual relish or discernment. 7. Faculty by 
which the mind perceives the beautiful; nice 
perception. 8. Choice; predilection. 

STN. Smack; relish; liking; savor; fla- 
vor; discernment; perception; delicacy; nice- 
ty; refinement. ANT. Antipathy; dislike; 
repugnance; inelegancy. 

TASTEFUL (tast'fol), a. Showing good taste. 

TASTEFULLY (tast'fol-i), adv. In a tasteful 
manner. 

TASTEFULNESS (tast'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tasteful. 

TASTELESS (tast'les), a. Without taste; insipid. 

TASTELESSLY (tast'les-li), adv. In a tasteless 
manner. 

TASTELESSNESS (tast'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tasteless. 

TASTER (ta'ster), n. One who tastes, as to test 
the quality of foods or drinks. 

TASTILY (ta'sti-li), adv. In a tasteful manner. 

TASTY (ta'sti), a. 1. Having a savory taste. 2. 
Conforming with good taste; elegant. (Colloq.) 

TATAR (ta'tar), n. See TARTAR. 

TATTER (tat'er), n. Torn piece; loose hanging 
rag. [Ice. tetr, torn garment.] 

TATTERDEMALION (tat-er-de-ma'li-un), ». 
Ragged fellow. [From TATTER.] 

TATTING (tat'ing), n. Knotted kind of lace. 
[Hind, tatta, mat.] 

TATTLE (tat'l) vi. [pr.p. TATTLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TATTLED (tat'ld).] I. vi. 1. Prate; chat- 
ter, 2. Tell tales or secrets. II. vt. Tell; as, 
tattle a secret. [L. Ger. tateln.] 

TATTLE (tat'l), n. Idle talk; tittle-tattle; prate. 

TATTLER (tat'ler), n. One who tattles. 

TATTOO (tat-to), n. Beat of drum or bugle- 
call to warn soldiers to repair to their quarters. 
[Dut. taptoe, close the tap! Cf. Ger. zapfen* 
8treich.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met. her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



TATTOO 



1097 



TAXPAYER 



[pr.p. TATTOO'ING; p.t. 




Tattooing Machine. 
coloring matter into the 



TATTOO (tat-to'), vt. 
and p.p. 
TATTOOED 

(tat-tSd').] 
Mark per- 
manently (as 
the skin) with 
figures, by 
pricking in 
coloring 
matter. [Ta- 
hitian tatan 
— ta, mark.] 

TATTOO (tat- 
to'), n. In- 
delible marks 
made by pricking 
skin. 

TATTOOER (tat-to'er), n. One who tattoos. 

TATTOOING (tat-to 'ing), n. 1. Act of one who 
tattoos. 2. Design produced by a tattooer. 

TAUGHT (tat), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of TEACH. 

TAUNT (tant or tant), vt. [pr.p. TAUNT 'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. TAUNT 'ED.] Reproach with cut- 
ting words; censure sarcastically; tease spite- 
fully; twit insultingly. [Fr. tanter, try, pro- 
voke.] 

TAUNT (tant or tant), n. Upbraiding; sarcastic 
words; bitter reproach; insulting invective. 

TAUNTER (tant'er), n. One who taunts. 

TAUNTINGLY (tant'lng-li), adv. In a taunting 
manner. 

TAURID (ta'rid), n. [pi. TAURIDES (ta'ri-dez).] 
One of a group of meteors having their radiant 
point in the constellation Taurus. 

TAURINE (ta'rin), a. Of, like, or pertaining 
to, a bull; bovine. 

TAURUS (ta'rus), n. I. The Bull, a zodiacal 
constellation containing the 
Pleiades and Hyades. 2. One 
of the signs of the Zodiac. 
[Gr. tauros, bull.] 

TAUT (tat), a. 1. Stretched out; 
not slack. 2. Prepared against 
emergency. [From root of 
TIGHT.] 

TAUTOG (ta-tog'), n. Large food- 
fish found on the coast of New 
England; black-fish. [Plural 
of taut, the Indian name.] 

TAUTOLOGICAL (ta-to-loj'ik-al), o. Of 
nature of, or characterized by, tautology. 

TAUTOLOGY (ta-tol'o-ji), n. Needless and 
faulty repetition of the same thing in different 
words. [Gr. tautos, the same, and logos, word.] 

TAVERN (tav'ern), n. Licensed house for the 
sale of liquors with accommodation for 
travelers; inn. [Fr. taverne — L. taberna, hut.] 

TAW (ta), vt. [pr.p. TAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
TAWED (tad).] Dress with alum and make 
Into white leather, as the skins of sheep and 
kids. [A. S. tawian, prepare.] 




Taurus. 



the 



TAW (ta), n. 1. Large marble used to shoot 
other marbles out of a ring by flipping it 
off the bent forefinger with the thumb. 2. 
Game at marbles. 3. Line from which mar- 
ble-players shoot. — Go taws, go back to the 
line from which marble-players commence 
shooting at the ring. 

TAWDRINESS (ta'dri-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being tawdry. 

TAWDRY(ta'dri),a. 1. Formerly,flne or elegant. 
2. Showy without taste or elegance. [Corrup. 
from St. Audrey, name of a cheap fair.] 

SYN. Gaudy; flashy; tinsel; meretri- 
cious. ANT. Chaste; rich; elegant; sump- 
tuous. 

TAWNINESS (ta'nl-nes), w. Quality or state 
of being tawny. 

TAWNY (ta'ni), a. The color of tanned things; 
yellowish brown. [Dut. tanig; Fr. tanne.] 

TAX (taks), n. 1. Rate imposed on property 
or persons for the benefit of the state. 2. 
Anything imposed; burdensome duty. [Fr. 
taxe — taxer, rate assess, tax — L. taxo — tango, 
touch.] 

SYN. Toll; assessment; charge; rate; 
contribution; tribute; impost. 

TAX (taks), vt. [pr.p. TAXING; p.t. and p.p. 
TAXED (takst).] 1. Impose a tax or taxes 
on. 2. Burden. 3. Accuse. 

TAXABLE (taks'a-bl), a. Liable to be taxed; 
subject to taxation. 

TAXAMETER (taks-am'e-ter), n. Same as 
TAXIMETER. 

TAXATION (taks-a'shun), n. 1. Act of taxing. 
2. Amount of tax assessed. 

TAXICAB (taks'i-kab), n. Cab that carries a 
taximeter or fare-indicator, especially a mo- 
tor cab. [Ger. taxe, fare, and CAB.] 

TAXIDEA (taks-id'e-a), w. Genus of badgers 
of the family Mustelidw, including T. amer- 
icana, the best known American badger, and 
T. berlandieri of Texas and Mexico. [L. 
taxus, badger, and Gr. eidos, form.] 

TAXIDERMIST (taks'i-der-mist), w. Person 
skilled in taxidermy. 

TAXIDERMY (taks'i-der-mi), n. Art of pre- 
paring and stuffing the skins of animals. 
[Fr. — Gr. taxis, arrangement, and derma, 
skin.] 

TAXIMETER (taks-im'e-ter), n. 
1. Device for automatically 
recording the distance traveled 
In a cab or other vehicle and 
the amount charged for the 
service. 2. Any device for 
automatically recording the 
consumption or cost of a com- 
modity, as gas, electricity, etc. Taximeter. 
[Ger. taxe, fare, charge, and -METER.] 

TAXIS (taks'is), n. 1. Order; arrangement. 2. 
Biol. Form of tropism. [Gr.] 

TAXPAYER (taks'pa-Sr), n. Person who pays a 
tax or taxes. 




iate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






TEA 



1098 



TEASE 




TEA (te), n. 1. Dried leaves of a shrub 
(Thea sinensis), 
grown chiefly in 
China, Japan and 
Ceylon. 2. Infu- 
sion of the leaves 
in boiling water. 3. 
Any vegetable in- 
fusion. 4. Evening 
meal, at which tea 
is generally served. 
[So. Chinese te.] 

TEABERRY (te'- 
ber-i), n. Checker- 
berry, or winter- 
green. 

TEA-BISCUIT (te'- 
bis-kit), n. Soft 
biscuit shortened 
with lard or butter, 
and generally eat- 
en hot. 

TEA-CAKE (te'- 

kak) , n. Light kind Tea-plant. 

of cake, to be eaten with tea. 

TEACH (tech), v. [pr.p. TEACHING; p.t. and 
p.p. TAUGHT (tat).] I. vt. 1. Show; point out; 
impart the knowledge of. 2. Impart knowledge 
to; guide the studies of; instruct. 3. Accus- 
tom; train. II. vi. Practice giving instruc- 
tion. [A. S. tcecan, show — Ger. zeigen.] 

TEACHABLE (tech'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
taught; apt or willing to learn. 

TEACHER (tech'er), n. 1. One who teaches or 
instructs. 2. Preacher. 

TEACHING (tech'ing), n. 1. Business or oc- 
cupation of a teacher. 2. That which is 
taught. 

TEA-CUP (te'kup), n. 1. Cup to drink tea 
from, smaller than a coffee-cup. 2. Tea- 
cupful. 

TEACUPFUL (te'kup-fol), n. As much as a 
teacup will hold. 

TEA-GARDEN (te'gar-dn), n. 1. Garden or re- 
sort where tea Is served. 2. Garden In which 
tea is grown. 

TEAK (tek), n. Tree in the E. Indies and Africa, 
remarkable for its hard and durable wood. 
[Malabar tekka.] 

TEAKETTLE (te'ket-1), 
n. Covered kettle with 
handle and spout, In 
which water is boiled 
for making tea, etc. 

TEAL (tel), n. Small 
fresh-water wild duck 
of the genus Querque- 
dula. [Dut. teling.] 

TEA-LEAD (te'led), n. 
Thin sheet-lead used 




Blue-winged Teal (Quer- 
quedula discors). 



to line the chests in 
which tea is shipped from China. 
TEAM (tern), n. 1. Number of animals moving 
together. 2. Two or more oxen or other 



animals harnessed to the same vehicle, or the 
vehicle with the animals attached. 3. Num- 
ber of persons associated for the performance 
of a definite piece of work, etc. [A. S. team 
— O. S. torn, offspring.] 

TEAM (tern), v. [pr.p. TEAMING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEAMED (temd).] I. vt. 1. Work or haul 
with a team. 2. Join together in a team. 
II. vi. Do work with a team. 

TEAMING (tem'ing), n. 1. Business of driving 
or hauling with a team. 2. Certain mode of 
manufacturing work, which is given out to a 
foreman, who hires a gang or team to do It. 

TEAM-PLAY (tem'pla), n. Mutual assistance by 
members of one side in field sports; also called 
team-work. 

TEAMSTER (tem'ster), n. One who drives a 
team. 

TEAM-WORK (tem'wurk), n. 1. Work done 
by a team. 2. Team-play. 

TEA-OIL (te'oil), n. Oil pressed from seeds of a 
sort of tea-plant in China. 

TEA-PARTY (te'par-ti), n. Social gathering at 
which tea Is served. 

TEAPOT (te'pot), n. Vessel with a handle and 
spout in which tea is infused, and from which 
it is poured into tea-cups. 

TEAR (ter), n. Drop of the limpid fluid secreted 
by the lachrymal gland, and appearing in the 
eye or flowing from it. [A. S. tear, tear. Cf. 
Goth, tagr; Ger. zdhre.] 

TEAR (tar), v. [pr.p. TEARING; p.t. TORE (tor); 
p.p. TORN (torn).] I. vt. 1. Draw asunder 
or separate with violence. 2. Make a violent 
rent in; lacerate. 3. Sunder; rend. II. vi. 
1. Move or act with violence; rage. 2. Be 
rent. [A. S. teran (Ger. zehren) — Gr. dero, 
flay.] 

TEAR (tar), n. 1. Act of tearing. 2. Rent; 
fissure. 3. Carouse; spree. (Slang.) 

TEARER (tar'er), n. 1. One who tears or rends 
anything. 2. One who rants or fumes about. 

TEARFUL (ter'fol), a. Abounding with or 
shedding tears; weeping. 

TEARFULLY (ter'fol-i), adv. In a tearful way. 

TEARFULNESS (ter'fol-nes), n Quality or state 
of being tearful. 

TEARLESS (ter'les), a. Without tears; unfeel- 
ing. 

TEA-ROSE (te'roz), n. Tea-scented rose, of 
which there are many varieties, descended 
from the odorata variety of the China rose 
(Rosa Indica). 

TEASE (tez), v. [pr.p. TEAS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEASED (tezd).] I. vt. 1. Comb or card, as 
wool. 2. Scratch, as cloth; raise a nap on. 
3. Vex with importunity, jests, etc.; torment' 
irritate. II. vi. Be troublesome. [A. S. tcesan.} 

SYN. Annoy; badger; bother; molest; 
pester; plague; worry. ANT. Please; grat- 
ify; rest. 

TEASE (tez), n. 1. Act of teasing. 2. One 
who teases; teaser. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TEASEL 



1099 



TEETERBOARD 




Teasel. 



TEASEL, TEAZEL (te'zl), n. 1. Plant with 
large heads or burs, employed in dressing 
woolen cloth. 2. Bur of the plant. 
[A.S. tcesel — tcesan, tease.] 

TEASEL, TEAZEL (te'zl), vt. [pr.p. 
TEA'SELING; p.t. and p.p. TEA- 
SELED (te'zld).] Subject to the 
action of teasels in the dressing of 
woolen cloth; raise a nap on by 
action of the teasel. 

TEASELER, TEAZELER (te'zler), n. 
One who uses the teasel for rais- 
ing a nap on cloth. 

TEASER (tez'er), n. One who teases; tease. 

TEA-SET (te'set), n. Set of dishes for the 
tea-table. 

TEASING (tez'lng), a. Vexing; irritating. 

TEASPOON (te'spon), n. Small spoon used in 
drinking tea, coffee, etc. 

TEASPOONFUL (te'spon-fQl), n. As much as a 
teaspoon will hold — about 60 minims or drops. 

TEAT (tet), n. Nipple of the female breast or 
udder. [A. S. tit; cf. Ger. zitze.] 

TEA-TABLE (te'ta-bl), n. Table set for tea, or 
on which tea is served. 

TEAZEL (te'zl), n. and v. Same as TEASEL. 

TECH (tek), «. Abbreviation of TECHNICAL 
INSTITUTE. 

TECHILY (tech'i-li), adv. In a techy manner. 

TECHINESS (tech'1-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being techy. 

TECHNIC (tek'nik), TECHNICAL (tek'nik-al), 
a. 1. Pertaining to the useful arts. 2. Be- 
longing to a particular art or profession. [Gr. 
techne, art — teko, produce.] 

TECHNICALITY (tek-ni-kal'i-ti), n. [pi. TECH- 
NICAL TTIES.] 1. State or quality of being 
technical. 2. That which is technical, or 
peculiar to a trade, profession, etc. 

TECHNICALLY (tek'nik-al-i), adv. In a tech- 
nical manner. 

TECHNICS (tek'niks), n.pl. 1. Doctrine of 
arts in general. 2. Branches that relate to 
the arts; details of mechanical performance. 

TECHNIQUE (tek-nek), n. Technical skill in 
the fine arts. [Fr.] 

TECHNOGRAPHY (tek-nog'ra-fl), n. Descrip- 
tive technology. 

TECHNOLOGICAL (tek-no-loj'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to technology. 

TECHNOLOGIST (tek-nol'o-jist), n. One skilled 
in technology. 

TECHNOLOGY (tek-nol'o-jl), n. Systematic 
and scientific knowledge of the industrial arts. 
[Gr. techne, art, and logos, discourse.] 

TECHY (tech'i), a. Peevish; irritable. [O. Fr. 
tache, blemish.] 

TECNOLOGY (tek-nol'o-ji), n. A treatise on 
children. [Gr. leknon, child, and -OLOGY.] 

TECTONIC (tek-ton'ik), a. Pertaining to build- 
ing or construction. [Gr. tektonikos — tekton, 
builder.] 

TECTONICS (tek-ton'iks), n. sing, or pi. Science 



or art by which implements, vessels, dwell- 
ings, and other edifices are constructed. 

TECUM (te'kum), n. Fibrous produce of a 
palm-leaf resembling green wool, imported 
from Brazil. 

TED (ted), vt. [pr.p. TEDDING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEDDED.] Spread to the air after being 
reaped or mown; turn, as new-mowed grass, 
from the swath and scatter for drying. [Ice. 
tedhja, spread manure.] 

TEDDER (ted'er), n. 1. One who teds. 2. 
Machine that spreads grass or hay for the 
purpose of drying. 

Te DeUM (te de'um). Latin hymn of praise 
beginning "Te Deum laudamus" (we praise 
thee, O God), ascribed to St. Ambrose and 
St. Augustine. 

TEDIOUS (te'di-us), a. Wearisome; tiresome. 
[L. tcediosus.] 

SYN. Fatiguing; irksome; slow. 

TEDIOUSLY (te'di-us-li), adv. In a tedious 
manner; tiresomely. 

TEDIOUSNESS (te'di-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tedious. 

TEDIUM (te'di-um), n. Wearisomeness. [L. 
tcedium — tcedet, it wearies.] 

TEE (te), n. 1. Mark set up in playing at 
quoits. 2. Mark made in the ice, in the 
game of curling, towards which the stones are 
pushed. 3. Nodule of earth from which a 
ball is struck off at the hole in the play of 
golf. [Sc. Cf. Ice. tja, point out.] 

TEE (te), vt. [pr.p. TEE'ING; p.t. and p.p. TEED 
(ted).] In golf-playing, place, as a ball, on 
the tee preparatory to striking off. 

TEEM (tern), vi. [pr.p. TEEMING; p.t, and p.p, 
TEEMED (temd).] Be stocked to overflowing; 
be surcharged. [A. S. tyman.] 

TEEMING (tem'ing), a. Full to overflowing. 

TEENS (tenz), n. pi. Years of one's age from 
thirteen to nineteen. 

TEEPEE (te'pe), n. Conical lodge of the Plains 
Indians. [Am. Ind.] 

TEETER (te'ter), n. 1. Act or amusement of 
teetering. 2. Seesaw. 

TEETER (te'ter), v. [pr.p. TEETERING; p.t. 
and p.p. TEETERED (te'terd).] I. vi. Swing 
alternately up and down as on the ends of a 
balanced board. II. vt. Cause to swing 
alternately up and down. [Cf. Ger. zittern, 
tremble.] 

TEETERBOARD (te'ter-bord), n. Plank bal- 
anced in the 
middle on a 
support so that 
one person or 
trained animal 
on each end 
can alternately 
swing down to 
the ground and 
up into the air; 
seesaw; commonly used by children. 




Teeterboards. 



(U. S.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TEETH 



1100 



TELE KIN 



TEETH (teth), n. Plural of TOOTH. 

TEETH, TEETHE {teth), vi. [pr.p. TEETHING; 
p.t. and p.p. TEETHED (tethd).] Cut or grow 
teeth. 

TEETHING (teWing), n. First growth of teeth; 
process by which teeth grow through the 
gums; dentition. 

TEETOTAL (te-to'tal), o. 1. Entire; com- 
plete. 2. Pertaining to teetotalers or tee- 
totallsm. [Reduplicated form of TOTAL.] 

TEETOTALER (te-to'tal-er), n. One pledged 
to entire abstinence from intoxicating drink. 

TEETOTALISM (te-to'tal-izm), n. Principles or 
practice of teetotalers; total abstinence from 
all intoxicating liquors. 

TEETOTALLT (te-to'tal-1), adv. Entirely; com- 
pletely; totally. 

TEE-TOTUM (te-to'tum), n. Small four-sided 
top used by children in a game of chance. 
[Named from T, for L. totum.] 

TEFF (tef), n. Annual cereal plant (Poa abys- 
sinica), whose small 
white seeds afford a 
valuable flour for 
making bread and 
constitute an impor- 
tant product of Abys- 
sinia. 

TEG, TEGG (teg), n. 1. 
Female fallow-deer; 
doe in the second 
year. 2. Young sheep, 
older than a lamb. 

TEGMEN (teg'men), 
TEGUMEN (teg'u- 
men), n. [pi. TEGMI- 
NA (teg'mi-na), TEG- 
UMINA (teg-u'mi-na).] 

the inner skin which covers a seed. [L M from 
tego, cover.] 

TEGMENTUM (teg-men'tum) , TEGTTMENTUM 
(teg-u-men'tum), n. [pi. TEGMENTA (teg- 
menta), TEGUMENTA (teg-u-men'ta).] 1. 
Scaly coat which covers the leaf-buds of de- 
ciduous trees. 2. One of these scales. [L., 
covering — tego, cover.] 

TEGUEXIN (te-gek'sin), n. Large lizard of 
Brazil and Guiana, over five feet long, said to 
give notice of the approach of an alligator by 
hissing. [Braz.] 

TEGUMENT (teg'u-ment), n. Integument; cov- 
ering; skin. [L. tegumentum — tego, cover.] 

TEHEE (te-he'), n. Suppressed laugh; titter. 
[Imitative.] 

TEHEE (te-he'), vi. [pr.p. TEHEEING; p.t. and 
p.p. TEHEED (te-hed').] Laugh in a tittering 
manner. 

TEHERAN (te-hran'), n. Capital of Persia, 70 
miles S. of the Caspian. 

TELAMON (tel'a-mon), n. Greek Legend. King 
of Salamis, and an Argonaut, companion of 
Heracies, and father of Ajax Telamon. 

TE LAM ON (tel'a-mon), n. [pi. TELAMONES 




Teff. 
Covering; especially 



1. Any device for 



(tel-a-mo'nez).] Figure of a man, serving as 
a column or pilaster. [Gr. telamon, bearer.] 

TELAUTOGRAPH (tel-a'to-graf), n. Telegraph 
that reproduces hand-writing or drawing at a 
distance. See TELEWRITER. [Gr. tele, at a 
distance, autos, self, and grapho, write.] 

TELE-, prefix. Far; afar; at a distance. [Gr. 
tele, far.] 

TELECTROGRAPH (tel-ek'tro-graf), n. Elec- 
trical device for transmitting photographs by 
wire, by means of which photographs of all 
kinds may be telegraphed for publication at 
distant points. [TELE-, ELECTRO-, and 
-GRAPH.] 

TELECTROSCOPE (tel-ek'tro-skop), n. Elec- 
trical device for reproducing at a distance 
visible images of objects located at the trans- 
mitting station. [TELE-, ELECTRO-, and 
-SCOPE.] 

TELEDU (tel'e-do), n. East Indian stinking 
badger. 

TELEGA (te-la'ga), n. The common Russian 
farmer's vehicle, without springs. 

TELEGRAM (tel'e-gram), n. Message sent by 
telegraph. [TELE-, and Gr. gramma, writing — 
grapho, write.] 

TELEGRAPH (tel'e-graf), n. 
communicating intelli- 
gence to a distance by 
means of preconcerted 
signals. 2. System or ap- 
paratus for electrically 
transmitting signals or 
messages to a distance. 
3. Apparatus used in such 
method. 4. Telegram. — Wireless telegraph, see 
TELEGRAPHY. [TELE- and -GRAPH.] 

TELEGRAPH (tel'e-graf), v. [pr.p. TEL'E- 
GRAPHING; p.t. and p.p. TELEGRAPHED 
(tel'e-graf t).] I. vt. Transmit or announce 
by telegraph. II. vi. Send a message by 
telegraph. 

TELEGRAPHIC (tel-e-graf'ik), a. 1. Of or 
pertaining to a telegraph; sent by telegraph. 
2. Used for telegraphing. 

TELEGRAPHIST (tel-eg'ra-flst), n. One skilled 
in telegraphy. 

TELEGRAPHOPHONE (tel-e-graf'o-fon), n. Ap- 
paratus for producing a phonographic record 
at a distance, or for reproducing its sounds at 
a distance. [TELEGRAPH and PHONE.] 

TELEGRAPH-TYPEWRITER (tel'e-graf-tip'- 
ri-ter), n. Device that reproduces at the 
receiving station typewritten messages in 
typewriting. 

TELEGRAPHY (tel-eg'ra-fl or tel'e-graf-i), n. 
Art or practice of communicating intelligence 
by telegraph; art of constructing or managing 
telegraphs. — Wireless telegraphy, telegraphic 
communication by means of electric waves 
between aerial conductors termed antennae, 
usually mounted on towers or masts. 

TELEKIN (tele-kin), n. Electrical device for 




Telegraph Sounder 
•and Key. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolt; mute, hut, burn, 
vi=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 






TELEKINESIS 1101 



TELEPHONY 



controlling machinery from a distance, either 
by means of an ordinary electric cable or wire 
or by electric waves impelled through the air 
without the aid of wires. [TELE-, and Gr. 
kinesis, motion.] 

TELEKINESIS (tel-e-ki-ne'sis), n. Production 
of motion in another body without contact. 
[TELE-, and Gr. kinesis, motion.] 

TELELECTRIC (tel-e-lek'trik), a. Producing 
mechanical motions or effects at a distance by 
electrical means. [TELE- and ELECTRIC] 

TELELECTROSCOPE (tel-e-lek'tro-skop), n. 
Electric device that reproduces images at the 
telegraphic receiving station of objects at the 
transmitting station. [TELE-, ELECTRO- and 
-SCOPE.] 

TELEMACHUS (te-lem'a-kus), n. Greek Leg- 
end. Only son of Ulysses and Penelope. 

TELEMETER (tel-em'e-ter), n. 1. Instrument 
for determining distance, as from the gun to 
the object fired at. 2. Electrical apparatus for 
recording at a distance. [TELE- and METER.] 

TELEMETRIC (tel-e-met'rik), a. Pertaining to 
telemetry. 

TELEMETRY (tel-em'e-tri), n. Art of using a 
telemeter. 

TELENGISCOPE (tel-en'ji-skop), n. Instru- 
ment which combines the powers of the tele- 
scope and microscope. [Gr. tele, at a distance, 
engys, near, and skoped, view.] 

TELEOLOGICAL (tel-e-o-loj'lk-al), a. Per- 
taining to teleology. 

TELEOLOGICALLY (tel-e-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. In 
a teleological manner. 

TELEOLOGIST (tel-e-ol'o-jist), n. One versed 
in teleology; one who investigates the final 
cause or purpose of phenomena, or the end 
for which each has been produced. 

TELEOLOGY (tel-e-ol'o-ji), n. Science or doc- 
trine of final causes; doctrine that everything 
was created for, and adapted to, a purpose. 
[Gr. telos, purpose, and logos, doctrine.] 

TELEOPHYTE (tel'e-o-fit), n. Plant whose cells 
are arranged in tissues, as a tree. [Gr. teleios, 
complete, and phyton, plant.] 

TELEOSCOPE (tel'e-o-skop), n. Electrical de- 
vice for vision at a distance. [TELE- and 
-SCOPE.] 

TELEOST (tel'e-ost), a. Having a skeleton of 
well-developed bones, as ordinary fishes. [Gr. 
teleios, complete, and osteon, bone.] 

TELEPATHIC (tel-e-pathik), o. Pertaining to 
telepathy. 

TELEPATHIST (tel-ep'a-thist), «. One who 
practices telepathy. 

TELEPATHIZE (tel-ep'a-thiz), v. [pr.p. TEL- 
EP'ATHIZING; p.t. and p.p. TELEPATHIZED 
(tel-ep'a-thizd).] I. vt. Affect the mind of 
at a distance by means of mental suggestion, or 
telepathy. II. vi. Prcatice telepathy. 

TELEPATHY (tel-ep'a-thi), n. Transference of 
mental impressions without material agency. 
[TELE- and -PATHT.] 




Telephone receiver (in 
section) and transmitter. 



TELEPHONE (tel'e-fon), n. Instrument trans- 
mitting sound, espe- 
cially of the voice, by 
means of electricity. In 
a device termed the 
"transmitter" a thin 
sheet of metal is set in 
vibration by the sounds 
sought to be trans- 
mitted, which causes 
rapid alternations of 
strength in a current 
of electricity passing through a wire to a con- 
nected distant telephone, where another thin 
metallic plate contained in a device termed the 
receiver is set in symphonic vibration, thus 
reproducing the sounds in the listener's ear. 
— Wireless telephone, telephone for transmit- 
ting speech or sound without the aid of wire, 
now successfully operated over distances of 
five miles and used in the U. S. navy. See 
TELEPHONY. — Wireless submarine telephone, 
device for signaling under the sea by means 
of which persons on ships many miles apart 
may converse with one another. In com- 
municating from shore a large bell sunk 30 
feet in the sea rings out the signals in re- 
sponse to pressure on the keys of an apparatus 
stationed above, with which its hammer is 
electrically connected. A special receiving 
and annunciating apparatus is used on the 
ships by means of which a bell 12 miles 
distant can not only be heard but echoed on 
a large gong in the pilot house. [TELE- and 
PHONE.] 

TELEPHONE (tel'e-fon), v. [pr.p. TELEPHO- 
NING; p.t. and p.p. TELEPHONED (tel'e-fond).] 

1. vt. Send, reproduce, or communicate 
with, by means of a telephone. II. vi. Send 
a message by means of a telephone; talk 
through a telephone. 

TELEPHONE-METER (tel'e-fon-me-ter), w. De- 
vice for automatically record- 
ing in a telephone exchange the 
number of completed connec- 
tions made for a given instru- 
ment. The meters in service do 
not record length of commun- 
ications. 

TELEPHONIC (tel-e-fon'ik), a. 1. 
Of or pertaining to a telephone. 

2. Transmitted by telephone. 

3. Of the nature of a telephone. 
TELEPHONIST (tel'e-fo-nist), n. 

1. One who operates a telephone, 
skilled in telephony. 

TELEPHONOGRAM (tel-e-fo'no-gram), n. Tele- 
phonic message. [TELEPHONE and -GRAM.] 

TELEPHONOGRAPH (tel-e-fo'no-graf), n. 1. 
Instrument for receiving and recording a 
telephonic message. 2. Same as TELE- 
GRAPHOPHONE. [TELEPHONE and -GRAPH.] 

TELEPHONY (tel-efo-ni or tel'e-fo-ni), n. Art 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TELEPHOTE 



1102 



TELLURIUM 



or practice of transmitting or reproducing 
sounds or communications by means of the 
telephone. — Wireless telephony, telephonic 
communication by means of electric waves 
between aerial conductors, termed antennae, 
mounted on masts or towers. — Wireless sub- 
marine telephony, see TELEPHONE. 
TELEPHOTE (tel'e-fot), n. Instrument for 




Telephote. 

The cut shows improved telephote invented 
by Prof. Rosing, of the Technical Institute 
of St. Petersburg. The sending station is 
shown at the left, the receiving station at 
the right. [TELE-, and Gr. phos, photos, 
light.] 

TELEPHOTOGRAPHY (tel-e-fo-togra-fl), n. 
Telegraphic transmission of photographic or 
other pictures by means of changes produced 
in the electric current by the action of light 
upon selenium. 

TELERITIS (tel-er-i'tis), n. New form of nervous 
debility resulting from strain on nervous sys- 
tem of switchboard operators in telephone 
exchanges. [Coined word, TELE- and -ITIS.] 

TELESCOPE (tel'e-skop), n. 1. Optical instru- 
ment which makes 
distant objects appear 
nearer and larger. — 
Reflecting telescope, 
telescope in which the 
Image is formed by one 
or two concave mir- 
rors, a large one at 
the lower end and a 
small one at the upper 
end. — Refracting tele- 
scope, telescope in Largest German Telescope 
which the image is 
formed by refraction 
in an obj ect-glass, and is magnified by an eye- 
glass. 2. Valise composed of two cases, one 
fitting into the other, the two being fastened 
together by straps. [Gr. teleshopos, far-seeing 
— tele, far off, and sliopeo, see.] 

TELESCOPE (tel'e-skop), v. [pr.p. TELE- 
SCOPING; p.U and p.p. TELESCOPED (tel'e- 
skopt).] I. vt. Drive together in the manner 
of the joints of a small telescope or spy-glass, 
as two colliding railroad cars, etc. II. vi. Be 
driven together in such a manner that one 
enters the other, as colliding cars. 

TELESCOPIC (tel-e-skop'ik), a. 1. Pertaining 
to, performed by, or like, a telescope. 2. Seen 
only by means of a telescope. 3. Having the 




built at Treptow, 
many, in 1910. 



Ger- 



power of extension by means of joints sliding 
within or over one another, like the tube of a 
pocket telescope or spy-glass. 4. Seen or dis- 
coverable only by the help of a telescope. 

TELESCOPICALLY (tel-e-skop'ik-al-i), adv. 1. 
By means of a telescope. 2. In manner of a 
telescope. 

TELESCOPY (tel'e-sko-pi or tel-es'ko-pi), ». 
Art or science of constructing or using the 
telescope. 

TELESEME (tel'e-sem), n. Electric annunciator 
for use in hotels, etc. [TELE-, and Gr. sSma, 
sign.] 

TELESPECTROSCOPE (tel-e-spek'tro-skop), n. 
An astronomical telescope with a spectroscope 
attached. [TELE- and SPECTROSCOPE.] 

TELETHERM03IETER (tel-e-ther-mom'e-ter), 
n. Electric device for indicating and record- 
ing temperature at a distance. [TELE- and 
THERMOMETER. ] 

TELEWRITER (tel'e-ri-ter), n. Telegraphic 
device which enables persons to send facsimile 
written messages by wire, an electric pen at 
the receiving station duplicating the message 
in the handwriting of the person who wrote 
it. The device was first used in London, Eng- 
land, in 1910. [TELE- and WRITER.] 

TELL (tel), v. [pr.p. TELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOLD (told).] I. vt. 1. Number; count. 
2. Utter; narrate. 3. Disclose. 4. Dis- 
cern. 5. Explain. 6. Inform. 7. Order; 
bid. 8. Assure. U. vi. 1. Talk; blab. 2. 
Produce, or take, effect. [A. S. tellan* Cf . Ger. 
zcehlen.] 

TELL-CLOCK (tel'klok), n. One who sits and 
counts the hours; idler. 

TELLER (tel'er), w. 1. One who tells or 
counts. 2. Clerk whose duty It is to receive 
and pay money. 

TELLING (tel'lng), o. Striking; effective. 

TELLINGLY (tel'ing-li), adv. In a telling man- 
ner; so as to be effective. 

TELLTALE (tel'tal), I. a. 1. Telling tales. 

2. Officiously or heedlessly revealing; blabbing. 

3. Betraying, II. n. 1. One who tells what 
is supposed to remain secret. 2. One who 
tells what prudence should suppress; tattler. 
3. Indicator. 4. Name of grallatorial bird 
common in America; tattler. 

TELLURLAN (tel-lo'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to the earth. II. n. Inhabitant of the earth. 
[L. tellus, earth, and -IAN.] 

TELLURIC (tel-15 rik), o. 1. Pertaining to 
the earth. 2. Of, containing, or derived from, 
tellurium. 

TELLURION (tel-lo'ri-un), n. Instrument to 
show the causes of the succession of night and 
day, and the seasons; kind of orrery. [L. 
tellus, tellur-, earth.] 

TELLURIUM (tel-lo'ri-um), n. Element, by 
some classed as a metal, brittle and crystalline, 
chiefly found in a gold ore, associated with 
selenium. [L. tellus, tellur-, earth.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ti=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TELLUROUS 



1103 



TEMPLET 



System of elec- 




Telpherage. 



[Gr. 



TELLUROUS (tel'6-rus), a. Pertaining to, or 
derived from, tellurium. 

TELODYNAMIC (tel=d-dl-nam'ik), a. Pertain- 
ing to the transmission of electrical or me- 
chanical power to or from a distance. 

TELPHER (tel'fer), I. a. Of or pertaining to 
telpherage. II. n. Motor used in hauling 
telpherage carriages. 

TELPHERAGE (tel'fer-aj). 
trie transportation by 
means of carriages 
suspended from electric 
cables. [Gr. tele, afar, 
and phero, bear.] 

TELPHERWAT (tel'fer- 
wa), n. Telpher line or 
road. 

TELSON (tel'sun), n. In 
zoology, the last seg- 
ment, as the long tail of 
a horseshoe-crab, the 
middle flipper of a craw- 
fish's tail-fin, or the sting of a scorpion. 
telson, limit.] 

TEMERITY (te-mer'i-ti), n. Unreasonable con- 
tempt for danger. [L. tetneritas — temere, by 
chance, rashly.] 

SYN. Rashness; foolhardiness; precipi- 
tancy; venturesomeness; boldness; daring; 
audacity; recklessness. ANT. Timidity; 
caution; circumspection; wariness. 

TEMIAK (tem'i-ak), n. Sealskin jumper worn 
by Eskimos. 

TEMPER (tem'per), v. [pr.p. TEMPERING;p.f. 
and p.p. TEMPERED (tem'perd).] I. vt. 1. 
Modify by mixture. 2. Adjust; fit. 3. Mois- 
ten and knead, as clay. 4. Moderate; soften. 
5. Bring to a proper degree of hardness and 
elasticity, as a metal. Steel is tempered by 
being repeatedly heated to a certain tempera- 
ture and cooled quickly. For razors tbe tem- 
perature is 450°, for axes 510°, for table knives 
530°, for hand saws 600°. II. vi. Become 
soft and pliable. [Fr. temperer — L. tempero, 
apportion.] 

TEMPER (tem'per), n. 1. Due mixture or 
balance of different or contrary qualities or 
ingredients. 2. State of a metal as to hard- 
ness, etc. 3. Constitution of the body. 4. 
State of mind; humor; mood. 5. Passion; 
irritation. 6. Calmness; moderation. 

TEMPERA (tem'pe-ra), n. Manner of using 
solid pigments in painting; distemper. [It.] 

TEMPERAMENT (tem'per-a-ment), n. 1. Con- 
dition arising from mixture or blending. 2. 
Peculiar individual constitution; idiosyncrasy. 

TEMPERANCE (tem'per-ans), n. 1. Modera- 
tion. 2. Abstinence from intoxicating liquors. 
[L. temper antia.] 

TEMPERATE (tem'per-at), a. 1. Moderate, 
especially in the indulgence of the appetites 
and passions. 2. Calm; self-contained. 3. Not 
very cold or very hot; applied to climate. 



adv. 



In a 



Turbulent; 



In 



TEMPERATELY (tem'per-at-li), 
temperate manner. 

TEMPERATENESS (tem'per-at-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being temperate. 

TEMPERATIVE (tem'per-a-tiv), a. Having the 
power to temper. 

TEMPERATURE (tem'per-a-tur), n. Degree or 
intensity of the sensible heat of a body. The 
absolute zero of temperature at which all mo- 
lecular action ceases, is computed at 273.7° 
Centigrade. [L. temperatura.] 

TEMPERED (tem'perd), a. 1. Having a certain 
temper; used chiefly in composition. 2. Music, 
Noting an instrument, scale or interval that 
is tuned in equal temperament with some 
other instrument. 3. Brought to a certain 
temper, as metal. 

TEMPERER (tem'per-er), n. One who or that 
which tempers. 

TEMPEST (tempest), n. 1. Wind rushing with 
great velocity, usually with rain or snow; 
violent storm. 2. Any violent commotion 
[O. Fr. tempeste — L. tetnpestas, weather — 
tempus, time.] 

TEMPESTUOUS (tem-pes'tu-us), a. 
very stormy. 

TEMPESTUOUSLY (tem-pes'tu-us-li), adv. 
a tempestuous manner. 

TEMPESTUOUSNESS (tem-pes'tii-us-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being tempestuous. 

TEMPLAR (templar), n. I. Student or lawyer 
living in either of the two Inns of Court, called 
respectively, the Middle Temple and the Inner 
Temple, London. 2. One of a religious military 
order first established at Jerusalem in the 
twelfth century in favor of pilgrims traveling to 
the Holy Land. — Good Templar, one of a 
society pledged by certain rites to teetotal- 
ism. — Knights Templars, branch of the order 
of Freemasons in the United States. [L. tem- 
plum, temple, space marked out.] 

TEMPLE (tem'pl), n. 1. Edifice erected to a 
deity or for 
religious pur- 
pose. 2. Place / 
of worship. / 
[L. templum, \ V^ 
temple, space _ 
marked out.] V\s~=- 
TEMPLE (tem'- 
pl), n. Flat 
region on 
either side 
of the head 
above the 
cheek-bone. 
[O. Fr. temple 
— L. tempus.] 

TEMPLET (tem'plet), n. 1. Pattern or mold 
used by masons, machinists, smiths, ship- 
wrights, etc. 2. Short piece of timber in a 
wall to sustain a girder or joist. [Fr. templet, 
stretcher — L. templum, small timber.] 




Five-towered Temple, Wu T'a Ssu, 
near Peking. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf* mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, th&n, kh=c/i in Scotch lock. 



TEilIPLETE 



1104 



TENANTRY 



TEMPLETE (tem-pla/ta), n. Decorative archi- 
tectural structure In form of a temple. [Sp., 
from templo — L. templum, temple.] 




Templete, Havana, Cuba. 

TEMPLIN-OIL (tem'plln-oil), n. Oil of pine- 
cones. [Etym. doubtful.] 

TEMPO (tem'po), n. 1. Rate of movement or 
degree of quickness with which a piece of 
music is to be executed; time. 2. The char- 
acteristic movement of a dance. [It., time.] 

TEMPO (tem'po), n. Japanese coin made of 
brass and having a square hole in the center; 
value, eight-tenths of a sen. [Jap.] 





Tempo. 

TEMPORAL (tem'po-ral), a. 1. Pertaining to 
the temples. 2. Pertaining to time. 3. World- 
ly; secular. 4. Gram, Pertaining to a tense, 
or to the distinction of time expressed by 
tenses. — Temporal power, rule of an ecclesias- 
tic in secular matters. [Fr. — L. tempus, time.] 

TEMPORALITY (tem-po-ral'i-ti), n. Same as 
TEMPORALTY. 

TEMPORALTY (tem'po-ral-ti), n. [pi. TEM'- 
PORALTIES.] 1. Laity. 3. [pi.] Secular pos- 
sessions; revenues of an ecclesiastic, proceed- 
ing from lands, etc., under civil jurisdiction. 

TEMPORARILY (tem'po-ra-ri-li), adv. In a 
temporary manner; not permanently. 

TEMPORARLNESS (tem'po-ra-ri-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being temporary. 

TEMPORARY (tem'po-ra-ri), a. For a time 
only; transient. 

TEMPORIZE (tem'po-riz), vi. [pr.p. TEM'. 
POBIZING; p.t. and p.p. TEMPORIZED (tem'- 
po-rizd).] 1. Comply with the time or occa- 



sion; yield to circumstances; humor the 
opinion of another. 2. Dilly-dally; procras- 
tinate. 

TEMPORIZER (tem'po-ri-zer), n. One who 
temporizes; time-server. 

TEMPT (tempt), vt. [pr.p. TEMPTING; p.t. and 
p.p. TEMPT 'ED.] 1. Try to persuade, es- 
pecially to do evil; entice. 2. Provoke; act 
presumptuously toward. [O. Fr. tempter (Fr. 
tenter) — L. tento, handle.] 

SYN. Bait; bribe; decoy; Inveigle; lure; 
induce; attract; invite; dispose. ANT. Dis- 
suade; deter; warn. 

TEMPT ABLE (tempt'a-bl), a. Open or liable to 
temptation. 

TEMPTATION (temp-ta'shun), n. 1. Act of 
tempting or state of being tempted. 2. That 
which tempts; enticement. 

TEMPTER (tempter), n. [fern. TEMPT'RESS.] 
One who tempts. — The Tempter, Satan. 

TEMPTING (tempting), a. Adapted to tempt 
or entice; seductive; alluring; enticing. 

TEMPTINGLY (tempt'ing-11), adv. In a tempt- 
ing manner. 

TEN (ten), I. a. Twice five. II. n. Figure 
denoting ten units, as 10 or X. [A. S. ten, tyn 
— Ger. zehn.] 

TENABILITY (ten-a-bil'i-ti), TENABLENESS 
(ten'a-bl-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
tenable. 

TENABLE (ten'a-bl), a. Capable of being re- 
tained, kept or defended. [Fr. tenable — tenir — 
L. teneo, hold.] 

TENACIOUS (te-na'shus), a. 1. Holding fast; 
apt to stick; stubborn. 2. Retentive, as a 
good memory. 3. Strongly adhesive, or co- 
hesive. [L. tenax — teneo, hold.] 

TENACIOUSLY (te-na'shus-li), adv. In a te- 
nacious manner. 

TENACIOUSNESS (te-na'shus-nes), n. Same as 
TENACITY. 

TENACITY (te-nas'i-ti), n. Quality of being 
tenacious. [L. tenacitas— tenax.] 

TENACULUM" (te-nak'u-lum), n. Surgical 
hooked instrument for seizing and drawing 
out bleeding arteries. 

TENANCY (ten'an-si), n. 1. Holding of land or 
property. 2. Time during which a tenement 
is held or occupied. 

TENANT (ten'ant), n. One who holds or pos- 
sesses land or property under another; one 
who has possession of any place; occupant. 
[Fr. tenant — L. tenens, pr.p. of teneo, hold.] 

TENANT (ten'ant), vt. [pr.p. TEN'ANTING; 
p.t. and p.p. TEN' ANTED.] Hold, occupy, or 
possess as a tenant. 

TENANT ABLE (ten'ant-a-bl), a. Fit to be 
tenanted; in a state of repair suitable for a 
tenant. 

TENANTLESS (ten'ant-les), a. Without a 
tenant. 

TENANTRY (ten'ant-ri), n. 1. Tenancy. 2. 
Body of tenants on an estate. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TENCH 



1105 



TENFOLD 



TENCH (tench), n. Fresh-water fish of the 
genus Tinea, very tenacious of life. [O. Fr. 
tenche (Fr. tanche) — L. L. tinea.] 




Tench (Tinea vulgaris). 

TEND (tend), v, [pr.p. TENDING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEND'ED.] I. vt. Take care or charge of; 
look after; watch; mind. II. vi. Attend, as a 
servant or attendant. [From ATTEND.] 
TEND (tend), vi. [pr.p. TENDING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEND'ED.] 1. Aim; move; be directed. 2. Be 
apt to operate; trend. 3. Contribute; serve; 
conduce. [Fr. tendre — L. tendo, aim.] 

SYN. Incline; lean; verge; bear; bend. 
ANT. Avert; prevent; hinder. 
TENDENCY (tend'en-si), n. [pi. TEND'ENCIES.] 
Inclination to move in some direction; drift. 
[Fr. tendance.] 

SYN.' Propensity; bearing; direction; 
proneness; proclivity; bias. ANT. Disin- 
clination; aversion; repulsion; reluctance. 
TENDER (tender), n. 1. One who tends. 2. 
Small vessel that attends a larger one with 
stores, etc. 3. Car attached to locomotives, 
carrying a supply of fuel and water. 4. Small 
water reservoir, attached to a mop. 
TENDER (ten'der), vt. [pr.p. TENDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. TENDERED (ten'derd).] Present 
for acceptance; offer. [Fr. tendre — L. tendo, 
extend.] 
TENDER (ten'der), n. 1. Offer or proposal, 
especially of some service. 2. Thing offered. 
3. Law. Offer of money or other valuable 
thing in satisfaction of a debt or liability. — 
Legal tender currency, currency which cannot 
be lawfully refused in payment. In U. S., all 
the gold coins ; the silver dollar of 412^ grains; 
silver coins smaller in value than one dollar, 
up to ten dollars; nickels and pennies up to 
25 cents in one payment. United States notes 
and Treasury notes Issued under Act of July 
14, 1890, are legal tender, but gold and silver 
certificates and national bank notes are riot, 
though receivable for public dues. 
TENDER (ten'der), a. [comp. TEN'DERER; 
superl. TEN'DEREST.] 1. Soft; delicate; 
easily impressed or injured; not hardy or 
hard; fragile; weak. 2. Easily moved to pity, 
love, etc. 3. Careful not to injure (followed 
by of) ; unwilling to cause pain. 4. Apt to cause 
pain; ticklish. 5. Expressive of the softer 
passions, as love and pity. [Fr. tendre — L. 
tener, thin.] 



One to whom a 



TENDEREE (ten-der-e'), 

tender is made. 
TENDERER (ten'der-er), n. One who makes a 

tender. 
TENDERFOOT (ten'der-fot), n. [pi. TENDER- 
FOOTS.] Newcomer, especially in a mining 
district or pioneer region; novice. (Colloq.) 
TENDER-HEARTED (ten'der-hart-ed), a. Hav- 
ing great susceptibility; full of feeling. 
TENDERLING (ten'der-ling), n. 1. Effeminate 
person. 2. One of the first horns of a deer. 
TENDERLOIN (ten'der-loin), n. 1. Part of the 
loin of beef, pork, etc., tenderer than the rest. 
2. [T-] In New York and some other cities, 
district forming the center of night amuse- 
ments. (Colloq.) 
TENDERLY (ten'der-li), adv. In a tender 

manner. 
TENDERNESS (ten'der-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being tender. 
TENDINOUS (ten'di-nus), a. 1. Having a 
tendon; full of tendons. 2. Of, or pertaining 
to, tendons; forming, or formed by, tendons. 
TENDON (ten'dun), n. Strong band or cord of 
fibers by which a muscle is attached to a 
bone; sinew. — Tendon of Achilles, the tendon 
which connects the calf of the leg with the 
heel. [Fr. — L. tendo, stretch.] 
TENDRIL (ten'dril), I. n. Slender, spiral 
shoot of a plant by which it attaches itself for 
support. II. a. Clasping; climbing. [Fr. ten- 
dre, tender.] 
TENEBR^E (ten'e-bre), n.pl. In the Roman 
Catholic Church, name of the matins and 
lauds of the following day, usually sung on the 
afternoon or evening of Wednesday, Thursday 
and Friday of Holy Week, during which four- 
teen or fifteen candles are extinguished, sym- 
bolizing Christ's passion, death and resurrec- 
tion. [L., darkness.] 
TENEBRIFIC (ten-e-brif 'ik), a. Producing dark- 
ness. 
TENEBROUS (ten'e-brus), a. Dark; gloomy. 
TENEMENT (ten'e-ment), n. 1. Law. Any 
kind of permanent property held or that may 
be held by a tenant. 2. Dwelling or part of it, 
used by one family; usually applied to build- 
ings of an inferior sort. 
TENEMENTAL (ten-e-men'tal), a. Of or per- 
taining to a tenement; tenementary. 
TENEMENTARY (ten-e-men'ta-ri), a. Capable 
of being leased; designed for tenancy; held by 
tenants. 
TENEMENT-HOUSE (ten'e-ment-hows), ». 
House or block of buildings divided Into 
dwellings occupied by separate families; re- 
stricted to an inferior class of houses. 
TENERIFFE (ten-er-if), n. Largest of Canary 

Islands. 
TENET (ten'et), n. Any opinion, principle or 
doctrine which a person, or sect, etc., main- 
tains as true. [L., he holds.] 
TENFOLD (ten'fold), a. and adv. Ten times 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut. burn, 



TENNESSEE 



1106 



TEPID 



folded; ten times as much or as many. [TEN 
and FOLD.] 

TENNESSEE (ten-e-se'), n. One of the United 
States. Capital, Nashville. Area, 42,050 square 
miles. 

TENNESSEE RlVER. In Tennessee, Alabama 
and Kentucky, falls into the Ohio River. 

TENNIS (ten'is), n. Game in which a ball is kept 
in motion by rackets; lawn-tennis. 

TENON (ten'un), n. Projection at the end of a 
piece of wood inserted into a corresponding 
socket or mortise in another. [Fr. tenir, 
hold.] 

TENON (ten'un), vt. [pr.p. TENONING; p.t. 
and p.p. TENONED (ten'und).] 1. Fit for in- 
sertion into a mortise, as the end of a piece of 
timber. 2. Join together as with a tenon. 

TENOR (ten'ur), I. n. 1. Prevailing course; gen- 
eral purport. 2. True intent. 3. Higher of 
the two kinds of voices usually belonging to 
adult males. 4. One who sings tenor. II. o. 
Music, Of, pertaining to, or performing, the 
tenor. [L. tenor, holding on — teneo, hold.] 

TENOTOMY (ten-ot'o-mi), n. The surgical 
dividing of a tendon. [Gr. tenon, sinew, and 
temno, cut.] 

TENPENNT NAIL (ten'pen-i nal). Kind of 
nail, 1,000 of which weigh 10 pounds. [TEN 
and PENNY.] 

TENPINS (ten'pinz), n. Game of bowling played 
with ten wooden pins in a long wooden alley. 

TENREC (ten'rek), n. Hedgehog of Mada- 
gascar. 

TENSE (tens), n. Form of 
a verb indicating the time 
of the action. [O. Fr. tens 
(Fr. temps) — L. tempus, 
time.] 

TENSE (tens), a. Strained 

[L. tensus, stretched. See TEND.] 

TENSELY (tens'li), adv. In a tense manner; 
with tension. 

TENSENESS (tens'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tense; stiffness; tension. 

TENSILE (ten'sil), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
tension. 2. Capable of being stretched. 3. 
Producing tones by means of stretched strings. 

TENSION (ten'shun), n. 1. Act of stretching. 

2. State of being stretched or strained. 

3. Strain; effort; stress, physical, mental, or 
mechanical. 4. Elec. Difference of poten- 
tial. [L. tensio — iensus, p.p. of tendo, stretch.] 

TENSITY (ten'si-ti), n. Tenseness. 

TENSOR (ten'sur), n. Muscle that tightens a 

part. 
TENT (tent), n. 1. Portable lodge or shelter, as 

of canvas, stretched on poles. 2. Tent-shaped 

cover. 3. Photog. Portable dark chamber, 

used in field-photography. [Fr. tente — L. L. 

tenta, tent — L. tentus, p.p. of tendo, stretch.] 
TENT (tent), v. [pr.p. TENTING; p.t. and p.p. 

TENT'ED.] I. vt. Cover with a tent. II. vi. 

Lodge or camp in a tent; pitch a tent. 




rigid. 



TENT (tent), n. 1. Plug or roll of lint or the 
like, used to keep open a wound or other 
opening. 2. Probe. [Doublet of TEMPT.] 

TENT (tent), vt. [pr.p. TENT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TENT'ED.] Probe; search, as with a tent. 

TENTACLE (ten'ta-kl), n. Thread-like organ of 
certain insects for feeling or motion; feeler. 
[Fr. tentacule — L. tento, feel.] 

TENTACULAR (ten-tak'u-lar), a. Of or per- 
taining to a tentacle or tentacles; in the nature 
of a tentacle. 

TENTATIVE (ten'ta-tiv), a. Based on or con- 
sisting in experiment; experimental. [Fr. — L. 
tento, handle.] 

TENT-BED (tent'bed), n. Bed with curtains 
hanging from a central point overhead. 

TENTED (tent'ed), a. Covered with tents. 

TENTER (ten'ter), n. 1. Machine or frame with 
hooks, for extending cloth. 2. Tenter-hook. 
3. One of the bristles on a fly's foot; tentacle. 

TENTER (ten'ter), v. [pr.p. TEN'TERING; p.t. 
and p.p. TENTERED (ten'terd).] I. vt. Stretch 
on hooks. II. vi. Bear being stretched on 
hooks, as woolen cloth. — Be on tenter-hooks, 
be in suspense or anxiety. 

TENTH (tenth), I. a. Last of ten; next in order 
after the ninth. II. n. One of ten equal parts. 

TENTHLY (tenth'li), adv. In the tenth place. 

TENUIROSTER (ten-u-i-ros'ter), n. Bird with 
a slender bill, as a humming-bird. 

TENUIROSTRAL (ten-u-i-ros'tral), a. Slender- 
beaked. 

TENUIROSTRES (ten-u-i-ros'trez), n.pl. Order 
of birds having a long and slender beak, taper- 
ing to a point. [L. tenuis, slender, and rostrum, 
beak.] 

TENUIS (ten'u-is), n. [pi. TENUES (ten'u-ez).] 
Greek Gram. One of the three surd mutes, 
k, p, t, or their Greek equivalents. [L. tenuis, 
thin.] 

TENUITY (ten-u'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being tenuous. 

TENUOUS (ten'u-us), a. 1. Thin; slender; 
slim. 2. Not dense; rarefied. [L. tenuis, 
thin, slender.] 

TENURE (ten'ur), n. Manner or right of hold- 
ing, especially land or tenements. [Fr. tenure — 
L. teneo, hold.] 

TEONOMA (te-on'o-ma), n. Large, bushy- 
tailed rat in the Rocky Mountains. 

TEPEE (tep'e), TEEPEE (te'pe), n. American 
Indian wigwam. 

TEPEFACTION (tep-e-fak'shun), n. Act or 
operation of warming or making tepid. 

TEPEFY (tep'e-fi), v. [pr.p. TEP'EFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. TEPEFIED (tep'e-fid).] I. vt.. Make 
tepid or moderately warm. II. vi. Become 
tepid. [L. tepefacio — tepeo, be warm, and 
facio, make.] 

TEPHRITE (tef'rit), n. A volcanic rock of 
many varieties. [Gr. tephros, ash-colored.] 

TEPID (tep'id), o. Lukewarm. [L. tepidus — 
tepeo, be warm.] 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TEPIDITY 



1107 



TERRACE 



TEPIDITY (tep-Id'i-ti), TEPIDNESS (tep'id-nes), 
n. Quality or state of being tepid. 

TERAPHI31 (ter'a-flm), n.pl. Images or house- 
hold gods, consulted as oracles by the ancient 
Jews. [Heb.] 

TERATOLOGY (ter-a-tol'o-ji), n. 1. Science 
of vegetable or animal monstrosities. 2. Ex- 
aggerated description. [Gr. teras, teratos, won- 
der, and -OLOGY.] 

TERCENTENARY (ter-sen'te-na-ri), I. a. In- 
cluding, or pertaining to, a period of three 
hundred years. II. n. Three hundredth anni- 
versary. [L. ter, thrice, and CENTENARY.] 

TEREBENE (ter'e-ben), n. Chem. Antiseptic 
liquid compound obtained from the action of 
sulphuric acid on the oil of turpentine. [L. 
terebinthus, turpentine.] 

TEREBINTH (ter'e-binth), n. Turpentine tree 
(Pistacia terebinthus), the original source of 
turpentine. [L. terebinthus.] 

TEREBINTHINE (ter-e-bin'thin), a. Of or per- 
taining to or of the nature of turpentine. 

TEREDO (te-re'do), n. [pi. TEREDOS (te-re'- 
doz).] Ship-worm, very destructive by boring 
Into wood and through the sheathing of sub- 
marine cables. See cut under SHIP-WORM. 
[Gr. teredon — teiro, wear away.] 

TERETE (ter-ef), a. Slightly tapering or cylin- 
drical, and slender. [L. teres.] 

TERGIVERSATION (ter-ji-ver-sa/shun), n. 1. 
Shuffling or shifting; subterfuge. 2. Fickle- 
ness of conduct or opinion. [L. tergum, the 
back, and versor, turn.] 

TERGUM (ter'gum), n. Back. [L.] 

TERM (term), n. 1. Limit. 2. Limited period, 
as a session of a court. 3. That by which a 
thought is expressed; word; expression. 4. 
[pi.] Condition; arrangement. 5. Alg. Mem- 
ber of a compound quantity. [Fr. tertne — L. 
terminus, boundary.] 

SYN. Expression; phrase; word; stipula- 
tion; condition; duration. 

TERM (term), vt. [pr.p. TERM'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TERMED (termd).] Apply a term to; call; de- 
nominate; name. 

TERMAGANCY (ter'ma-gan-si), n. Quality or 
state of being termagant; turbulence. 

TERMAGANT (ter'ma-gant), I. a. Boisterous; 
turbulent. II. n. Boisterous, bold woman; 
virago; scold. The name was at one time also 
applied to men, as by Massinger, in "The Pic- 
ture": "A hundred thousand Turks assailed 
him, every one a termagant.'* [Termagant, an 
imaginary Mohammedan god, represented in 
the old plays as of a most violent character.] 

TERMINABLE (ter'mi-na-bl), a. That may 
cease or be limited. 

TERMINAL (ter'mi-nal), I. a. Pertaining to, 
or growing at, the end or extremity. II. n. 
1. End; extremity. 2. Clamping-screw at 
each end of an electric battery, to which the 
circuit wire is connected. 3. Charge for 
handling of freight at stations. [See TERM.] 



TERMINATE (ter'mi-nat), v. [pr.p. TERMI- 
NATING; p.t. and p.p. TER'MINATED.] I. 

vt. Set a boundary or limit to. II. vi. Be 

limited; come to an end. [L. terminatus, p.p. 

of termino, limit, terminate.] 
TERMINATE (ter'mi-nat), a. Terminable; lim- 
ited; bounded. 
TERMINATION (ter-mi-na'shun), n. 1. Act 

of terminating or ending. 2. Limit; end; 

result. 3. Ending of words as varied by 

their signification. 
TERMINATIVE (ter'mi-na-tiv), a. Tending to 

terminate or determine; absolute. 
TERMINOLOGY (ter-mi-nol'o-ji), n. 1. Doc- 
trine of terms. 2. Terms used in any art, 

science, etc. [L. terminus, term, and -OLOGY.] 
TERMINUS (ter'mi-nus), n. [pi. TERMINI 

(ter'mi-ni).] 1. End or extreme point. 2. 

One of the extreme points of a railway. [L.] 
TERMINUS (ter'mi-nus), n. Roman god of 

boundaries. 
TERMITE (ter'mit), n. Insect pest, also known 

as the White Ant, 

which burrows 

into wood and de- 
stroys it complete- 1 

ly, causing it to 

crumble into dust. 

[L. tarmes, tarmit-, 

woodworm, from 

tero, rub.] 
TERN (tern), I. n. 

A set of three. II. 

a. Arranged in 

threes. [Fr. terne 

— L. terni, three 

each.] 
TERN(tern),n. Long- 
winged, aquatic 

fowl allied to the 

gull. [Dan. terne 

— Ice. therna.] 
TERNAL (ter'nal), a. 
Consisting of three; 

threefold; triple. 
TERNARY (ter'na- Termites or White Ants (Termes 

ri), I. a. Proceed- flavipes), and piece of wood 

ing by, or consist- bored by them « 

ing of, threes. II. \- M , ale - rc 2 - Fem ? le \ 3 : Soldier. 4. 

= ' . Worker. (Seven-eighths of natural size.) 

n. Number three. 

[L. ternarius — terni, three each — tres, three.] 
TERN ATE (ter'nat), a. Threefold; arranged in 

threes. [See TERNARY.] 
TERNE-PLATE (tern'plat), n. Inferior kind 

of tin-plate, whereof the tin is alloyed with 

lead. 
TERNERY (ter'ner-i), n. Place where terns 

breed or congregate. 
TERPSICHORE (terp-sik'6-re), n. Greek Myth, 

Muse who presided over dancing. 
TERRA (ter'a), n. Bom. Myth. Goddess, iden- 
tified with Greek G»a, goddess of the earth. 
TERRACE (ter'as), n. 1. Raised level bank of 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



TERRACE 



1108 



TESSELLATE 



earth; any raised flat place. 2. Flat roof of a 
house. 3. Balcony; open gallery. 4. Short 
street or range of houses. [Fr. terrasse — It. 
terazzo — L. terra, earth.] 

TERRACE (ter'as), vt. [pr.p. TER'RACING; p.t. 
and p.p. TERRACED (ter'ast).] Form into a 
terrace or terraces; furnish or construct with 
a terrace. 

TERRA-COTTA (ter'a-kot-a), n. Composition 
of clay and sand used for statues, pottery, 
building material, etc., hardened like bricks 
by flre. [It. — L. terra coda, baked earth.] 

TERRA FIRMA (ter'a fer'ma). Dry land. [L.] 

TERRAGE (ter'aj), n. The earth required for a 
plant in the house. [L. terra, earth.] 

TERRAIN (ter-ran'), n. Tract of land; district. 
[Fr. — It. terreno — L. terrenus, consisting of 
earth.] 

TERRANEAN (ter-ra/ne-an), a. 1. Belonging to 
the earth. 2. Being in the earth. 

TERRAPIN (ter'a-pln), n. Name given to several 
species of fresh- 
water and tide- 
water tortoises. 
[Am. Indian.] 

TERRAQUEOUS 
(ter-ra/kwe-us), 
a. Consisting of 
land and water* 
[Coined from L, 
terra, earth, and 
aqua, water.] 

TERRARIUM(ter- Chesapeake Bay Diamond-back 
ra'ri-um), n. [pi. Terrapin (Malaclemmys centrata 
TERRA'RIUMS concenirica ^ 
or TERRA'RIA.] Place where land animals 
are kept for observation. [Modeled after 
AQUARIUM, from L., terra, earth.] 

TERRENE (ter-ren'), a. Pertaining to the earth; 
earthy; earthly. [L. terrenus — terra, the earth.] 

TERRESTRIAL (ter-res'tri-al), a. 1. Pertain- 
ing to or existing on the earth. 2. Earthly; 
worldly. 3. Representing the earth. 4. Liv- 
ing on the ground. [L. terrestris — terra, the 
earth.] 

TERRIBLE (ter'i-bl), a. Fitted to excite terror or 
awe; awful; dreadful. [L. terribilis — terreo, 
frighten.] 

TERRIBLENESS (ter'i-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being terrible. 

TERRIBLY (ter'i-bli), adv. In a terrible or ter- 
rifying manner. 

TERRICOLOUS (ter-rik'o-lus), a. Inhabiting 
the ground; not aquatic or aerial. [L. terra, 
earth, and colo, dwell.] 

TERRIDAM (ter'i-dam), n. Kind of cotton cloth, 
first made in East India. [E. Ind.] 

TERRIER (ter'i-er), n. Small dog, remarkable 
for the sagacity and courage with which it 
pursues burrowing animals, rats, etc. [Fr. 
terrier — terre, the earth.] 

TERRIFIC (ter-rlf'ik), a. Creating terror; fitted 
to terrify; dreadful. 




TERRIFY (ter'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. TERRIFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. TERRIFIED (ter'i-fld).] Cause 
terror in; frighten greatly; alarm. [L. terreo, 
frighten, and facio, make.] 

TERRIGENOUS (ter-rij'e-nus), a. 1. Born of 
or produced by earth, as opposed to heaven- 
born. 2. Formed from the land, as opposed 
to the sea. 3. Pertaining to a metallic base 
of earth as aluminum. [L. terrigena — terra, 
earth, and -genus, born.] 

TERRINE (ter-ren), n. 1. An earthenware 
jar, sold with its contents. 2. Tureen. [Fr.] 

TERRITORIAL (ter-i-tori-al), a. 1. Pertaining 
to territory. 2. Limited to a district. 

TERRITORIALLY (ter-i-to'rl-al-i), adv. In 
regard to territory; by means of territory. 

TERRITORY (ter'i-to-ri), n. [pi. TERRITO- 
RIES.] 1. Extent of land around or belonging 
to a city or state; domain. 2. [T-] In the United 
States, an organized portion of the country not 
yet admitted as a State in the Union, and still 
under a provisional government. [L. territor- 
ium — terra, earth, land.] 

TERROR (ter'ur), n. 1. Extreme fear. 2. Object 
of fear or dread. [L. terror — terreo, frighten.] 

TERRORISM (ter'iir-izm), n. 1. State of terror. 
2. State which impresses terror. 3. Organized 
system of intimidation. 

TERRORIST (ter'ur-ist), n. One who favors or 
practices terrorizing methods. 

TERRORIZATION (ter-ur-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
terrorizing; terrorism. 

TERRORIZE (ter'ur-iz), vt. [pr.p. TERRORI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. TERRORIZED (ter'fir- 
izd).] 1. Fill with terror. 2. Control by 
terror. 

TERRORLESS (ter'fir-les), a. Free from terror. 

TERRY (ter'i), ». Fabric like velvet, but with the 
loops uncut. 

TERSE (ters), a. Compact or concise, with 
smoothness or elegance; neat. [L. tersus — 
tergo, tersum, scour.] 

TERSELY (ters'li), adv. In a terse manner; 
neatly and concisely. 

TERSENESS (ters'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being terse. 

TERTIAN (ter'shan), I. a. Occurring every 
third day. II. n. Ague or fever with paroxysms 
every third day. [L. tertianus — tertius, third — 
tres, three.] 

TERTIARY (ter'shi-ar-i), I. a. 1. Of the third de- 
gree, order, or formation. 2. Pertaining to 
a series of sedimentary rocks or strata lying j 
above the chalk and other secondary strata, 
and abounding in organic remains. II. n. 1. 
One who is third in order. 2. [T-] In geology, 
the formation above the Mesozoic. [L. tertia- 
rius — tertius.] 

TESSELLATE (tes'el-at), vt. [pr.p. TES'SELLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. TES'SEULATED.] Form 
into squares or lay with checkered work. [L. 
tessella — tessera, square piece — Gr. tessara, 
four.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TESSELLATION 



1109 



TETE-A-TETE 



TESSELLATION (tes-el-la'shun) 
process of tessellating. 
2. Tessellated or mo- 
saic work. 

TESSERA (tes'e-ra), n. 
[pi. TES'SERj;.] Small 
cubic piece of stone 
used in making mo- 
saics. [L.] 

TEST (test), n. 1. For- 
merly, pot in which 
metals were tried and 
refined. 2. Any crit- 
ical trial. 3. Means of trial. 



1. Act or 




Tessellated Work. 



4. CTiem. Any- 
thing used to distinguish substances or detect 
their presence; reagent. 5. Standard; dis- 
tinction; proof. 6. Shell of an animal, as 
the clam or snail. [O. Fr. test — L. testum, 
earthen pot.J 

TEST (test), vt. [pr.p. TEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEST 'ED.] Put to proof; compare with a stand- 
ard; try. 

TEST (test), vt. [pr.p. TEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TEST'ED.] Attest. [L. testor, bear witness.] 

TESTABLE (test'a-bl), a. Capable of being given 
by will- [L- testabilis.] 

TESTACEOUS (tes-ta'shus), a. Consisting of, or 
having, a hard shell. [L. testaceus — testa, 
baked clay.] 

TESTAMENT (tes'ta-ment), n. 1. That which 
testifies, or in which an attestation is made. 
2. Solemn declaration in writing of one's will; 
will. 3. One of the two great divisions of the 
Bible. [L. testamentum — testor, bear witness — 
testis, witness.] 

TESTAMENTARY (tes-ta-men'ta-ri), a. 1. Per- 
taining to a testament or will. 2. Bequeathed 
or done by will. 

TESTATE (tes'tat), a. Having made and left a 
will; opposed to INTESTATE. [L. testatus.] 

TESTATOR (tes-ta'tiir), n. [fern. TESTA'TRIX.] 
One who makes or leaves a will. [L.] 

TESTER (tes'ter), n. 1. Flat canopy, especially 
over the head of a bed. 2. Helmet. [O. Fr. 
teste (Fr. tete), head.] 

TESTER (tes'ter), n. English sixpence. [O. Fr. 
teston — teste (Fr. tkte), head. From the head 
on the coin.] 

TESTES, w. Plural of TESTIS. 

TESTICLE (tes'ti-kl), n. One of the two glands 
which secrete the seminal fluid in males; 
testis. [L. testiculus, dim. of testis, testicle.] 

TESTIFICATION (tes-ti-fl-ka'shun), n. Act of 
testifying or giving testimony. 

TESTIFIER (tes'ti-fi-er), n. One who testifies 
or gives testimony. 

TESTIFY (tes'ti-fi), v. [pr.p. TES'TIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. TESTIFIED (tes'ti-fid).] I. vt. Bear 
witness to; give testimony concerning. II. vi. 
1. Make a solemn declaration. 2. Protest or 
declare a charge (with against). [L. testificor 
— testis, witness, and facio, make.] 

TESTILY (tes'ti-li), adv. In a testy manner. 



TESTIMONIAL (tes-ti-mo'ni-al), I. a. Contain- 
ing testimony. II. n. 1. Writing or certificate 
bearing testimony to one's character or abili- 
ties. 2. Gift presented as a token of respect. 
[O. Fr. — L. testimonialis, bearing witness.] 

TESTIMONIALIZE (tes-ti-mo'ni-al-iz), vt. [pr.p. 
TESTIMO'NIALIZING; p.t. and p.p. TESTI- 
MONIALIZED (tes-ti-mo'ni-al-izd).] Present 
with a testimonial. 

TESTIMONY (tes'ti-mo-ni), n. 1. Evidence; 
proof. 2. Declaration to prove some fact. 
[L. testimonium.] 

TESTINESS (tes'ti-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being testy. 

TESTIS (tes'tis), n. [pi. TESTES (tes'tez).] 1. 
Testicle. 2. Anything likened to a testicle; as, 
the testes of the brain. [L.] 

TESTOPHONE (tes'to-fon), n. Automobile horn 
combining several horns of different pitches so 
arranged that no two of them are sounded 
simultaneously, thus avoiding the monotonous 
repetition of the same sound. [It. testo, test, 
and -PHONE.] 




Testophone. 

TESTUDINAL (tes-tu'di-nal), a. Of, or like, a 
tortoise. [L. testudo, tortoise.] 

TESTUDINARIOUS (tes-tu-di-na'ri-us), a. Mot- 
tled in color like tortoise-shell. 

TESTY (tes'ti), a. Easily irritated; fretful; 
peevish. [O. Fr. teste (Fr. tete), head.] 

SYN. Choleric; cross; captious; waspish; 
snappish; touchy; peppery. ANT. Genial; 
complaisant; good-natured. 

TETANIC (tet-an'ik), a. Pertaining to or pro- 
ducing tetanus. 

TETANIZE (tet'a-niz), vt. [pr.p. TET'ANIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. TETANIZED (tet'a-nizd).] Affect 
with tetanic spasms. 

TETANUS (tet'a-nus), n. A disease caused by a 
bacillus and characterized by violent spasms 
of the voluntary muscles; lockjaw. [Gr. tetanos, 
stretched.] 

TETANY (tet'a-ni), n. A disease accompanied 
by spasms of the muscles of the arms. [See 
TETANUS.] 

TETE-A-TETE (tat'a-tat), I. adv. Face to face 
in familiar conversation. II. a. Confidential. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TETHER 



1110 



THALLIUM 




III. n. 1. Private Interview. 2. Sofa designed 
for two persons sitting face to face. [Fr., 
head to head.] 

TETHER (teth'er), n. Rope or chain for tying a 
beast to a stake. [Cf . L. Ger. tider; Ice. tiddhr. 
Connected with TIE.] 

TETHER (teth'er), vt. [pr.p. TETH'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. TETHERED (teffe'erd).] Confine with 
a rope or chain within certain limits. 

TETHTS (te'this), n. 1. Greek Myth. Mother 
of the river- 
gods and sea- 
nymphs; wife 
of Oceanus. 
2. Genus of 
tongueless 
marine gas- 
tropods. 3. [t-] 
Gastropod of Tethys (Tethys cervina). 

this genus. [Gr. Tethys, a sea-goddess.] 

TETRA-, prefix. Four; fourfold. [Gr. tettares, 
four.] 

TETRACT (tet'rakt), a. Having four rays. 
[TETRA-, and Gr. aktis, ray.] 

TETRAD (tet'rad), n. 1. The number four. 2. 
A group of four. 3. Chem. An element one 
atom of which is equivalent, in saturating 
power, to four atoms of hydrogen. 

TETRADACTTL (tet-ra-dak'til), a. Having four 
fingers or toes. [TETRA-, and Gr. daktylos, 
finger.] 

TETRAGENOUS (tet-raj'e-nus), a. Splitting into 
four. [TETRA-, and Gr. gignomai be born.] 

TETRAGON (tet'ra-gon), n. Figure of four 
angles. [TETRA-, and Gr. gonia, angle.] 

TETRAGONAL (tet-rag'o-nal), a. Pertaining to 
a tetragon. 

TETRAHEDRAL (tet-ra-he'dral), a. Having 
four sides; bounded by four triangles. 

TETRAHEDRON (tet-ra-he'dron), n. Solid 
figure inclosed by four triangles. [TETRA-, 
and Gr. hedra, seat, base.] 

TETRARCH (tet'rark or te'trark), w. 
the fourth part of a Roman province, 
and Gr. arches, ruler.] 

TETRARCH ATE (tet'rark-at), n. 
TETRARCHT, 

TETRARCH T (tet'rark-i), n. District or juris- 
diction of a tetrarch. 

TETRASTLLABIC (tet-ra-sil-lab'ik), o. Con- 
sisting of four syllables. 

TETRASYLLABLE (tet-ra-sil'a-bl), n. Word of 
four syllables. [TETRA- and SYLLABLE.] 

TETTER (tet'er), n. Popular name for several 
eruptive diseases of the skin. [A. S. teter.] 

TETTER (tet'er), vt. [pr.p. TET'TERING; p.t. and 
p.p. TETTERED (tet'erd).] Affect with, or as 
with, tetter. 

TEUTON (tu'ton), n. 1. One of an ancient Ger- 
man tribe. 2. One of the race comprising the 
Germans, Dutch, English, Scandinavians, etc., 
distinguished from the Latin, Celtic or Slav 
race. 3. [pi.] The German people in general. 



Ruler of 
[TETRA-, 



Belonging to the 
[L. Teuto — root of 



Teutonic (tu-ton'ik), a. 

Teutons or their language. 
A. S. theod, people.] 

TEUTONISM (tuton-izm), n. 1. Teutonic 
peculiarity, spirit, etc. 2. German idiom. 

TEXAS (teks'as), n. One of the United States. 
Capital, Austin. Area 265,780 sq. m. 

TEXT (tekst), n. 1. Original words of an author. 
2. That on which a comment is written, or a 
sermon preached, etc. 3. Main body of matter 
in a book, as distinguished from the notes, 
illustrations, etc. 4. Kind of writing or type. 
[L. textus — texo, weave.] 

TEXT-BOOK (tekst'bok), n. 1. Standard book 
for a particular branch of study; manual of 
instruction; school-book. 2. Book containing 
a selection of texts. [Originally, book with 
spaces between lines of text for comments.] 

TEXTILE (teks'til), I. a. 1. Woven. 2. Capable 
of being woven. 3. Pertaining to weaving. II. 
n. 1. Woven fabric. 2. Material for weaving. 
[L. textilis — texo, weave.] 

TEXTUAL (teks'tu-al), a. 1. Pertaining to, or 
contained in, the text. 2. Serving for a text. 

TEXTUALISM (teks'tu-al-izm), n. Strict ad- 
herence to the text. 

TEXTUALIST (teks'tu-al-ist), n. 1. One ready 
in citing Scripture texts. 2. One who adheres 
to the text. 

TEXTUALLT (teks'tu-al-i), adv. In a textual 
manner; according to or placed in the text. 

TEXTURE (teks'tur), n. 1. Anything woven; 
web. 2. Manner of weaving or connecting; 
arrangement of interwoven parts; structure. 
[L. textura — texo.] 

-TH, suffix. Used to form: (1) abstract nouns 
from adjective or verb stems, as filth from 
foul; (2) ordinals from cardinals, as sixth 
from six; (3) 3d pers. sing, as doth. 

THALAMUS (thal'a-mus), n. 1. Chamber. 2. 
Place where a nerve emerges from the brain. 
[L.] 

THALASSOGRAPHT (thal-as-sog'ra-fl), n. Sci- 
ence of the phenomena of the ocean. [Gr. 
thalassa, sea, and grapho, write.] 

THALER (ta'ler), n. Former German monetary 
unit and silver 
coin worth about 
73 cents. [Ger. 
See DOLLAR.] 

THALIA (tha-li'a), 
n. Greek Myth. 
Muse who pre- 
sided over com- 
edy. 

THALLIUM (thal 7 - 
i-um), n. A rare, 
bluish-white, 
very soft metal, 
used in making 
glass of great Prussian Thaler of 1868. 

, . . . , Reverse. Actual size. 

density and bril- 
liancy. [Gr. thallos, green bud or bough.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me. met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gade; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



THALLUS 



1111 



THEISTIC 



THALLUS (thai' us), n. A plant body not differ- 
entiated Into root, stem or leaves. [L. — Gr. 
thallos.] 

THAMES (temz), n. River In England, flows in 
an easterly direction to the North Sea. 

THAN (than), conj. Used after comparatives 
and certain words expressing comparison, 
such as better, more, rather, etc. [A. S. thanne 
(Ger. denn).] 

THANATOPSIS (than-a-top'sis), n. A contem- 
plation of death. [Gr. thantaos, death, and 
opsis, view.] 

THANE (than), n. Dignitary under the Anglo- 
Saxons and Danes, of the rank of a baron. 
[A. S. thegn, servant, nobleman (O. Ger. degen, 
soldier, servant) — root of A. S. thlhan, and 
Ger. (ge-) deihen, thrive.] 

THANK (thangk), vt. [pr.p. THANKING; p.t. 
and p.p. THANKED (thangkt).] Express 
gratitude to for a favor. [A. S. thancian — 
thane, thanks.] 

THANK (thangk), n. Expression of gratitude 
for favor received; generally in the plural. 

THANKFUL (thangk'fol), a. Sensible of kind- 
ness received and ready to acknowledge it; 
grateful. 

THANKFULLY (thangk'fol-i), adv. In a thank- 
ful manner. 

THANKFULNESS (thangk'fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being thankful. 

THANKLESS (thangk'les), a. 1. Not expressing 
thanks for favors. 2. Not gaining thanks; not 
deserving thanks. 

THANK-OFFERING (thangk'of-er-ing), n. Of- 
fering made to express thanks. 

THANKSGIVING (thangks'giv-ing), n. 1. Act of 
giving thanks. 2. Public acknowledgment of 
divine goodness. — Thanksgiving day, day set 
apart for thanksgiving. 

THANKWORTHY (thangk' wur-«M), a. Deserv- 
ing thanks. 

THAT (that), I. pron. and a. [pi. THOSE (thoz).] 
As a demonstrative pronoun it points out a per- 
son or thing, the former or more distant 
thing, not this but the other; as a relative, 
who or which. II. conj. Used to Introduce a 
clause; because; for; in order that. HI. adv. 
So. [A. S. thost, neuter of article the. Cf. Ger. 
daz, dazs.] 

THATCH (thach), n. Covering of straw, rushes, 
reeds, or the like, used for the roofs of houses, 
to cover stacks of hay or grain, etc. [A. S. 
thwe.] 

THATCH (thach), vt. [pr.p. THATCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. THATCHED (thacht).] Cover with 
thatch. 

THATCHER (thach'er), n. One who thatches 
houses, etc. 

THATCHING (thaeh'ing), n. 1. Act or art of 
covering with thatch. 2. Material used for 
thatching. 

THAUMATURGE (tha'mat-urj), n. Worker of 
miracles. 



THAUMATURGICAL (tha-mat-ur'jik-al), a. Of 
or pertaining to thaumaturgy. 

THAUMATURGY (tha'mat-ur-ji), n. Art of 
working wonders or miracles. [Gr. thauma, 
wonder, and ergon, work.] 

THAW (tha), v. [pr.p. THAWING; p.t. and p.p. 
THAWED (thad).] I. vt. Melt or dissolve by 
means of heat; as, to thaw ice or snow; free 
from frost, as frozen ground. II. vi. 1. Melt, 
as Ice or snow. 2. Become so warm as to melt 
Ice or snow. 3. Become less reserved or formal. 
[A. S. thdwian.] 

THAW (tha), n. 1. Melting of Ice or snow by 
heat. 2. Change of weather which causes it. 

THAWY (thai), a. Inclined to thaw; thawing. 

THE (the or, before a consonant, the), def. art. 
or o. Used to denote a particular person or 
thing, also to denote a species. [A. S.] 

THE (the or the), adv. Used before comparatives; 
as, the more the better. [A. S. thl, by that 
much, instrumental case of the, demons, pron.] 

THEATER, THEATRE (the'a-ter), n. 1. Place 
where public representations, chiefly dramatic 
or musical, are seen. 2. Any place rising by 
steps like the seats of a theater. 3. Scene of 
action. 4. Drama; stage. [Gr. theatron — thea- 
omai, see, behold.] 

THEATRIC (the-at'rlk), THEATRICAL (the- 
at'rik-al), a. 1. Relating or suitable to a 
theater or to actors. 2. Pompous; stilted. 

THEATRICALS (the-at'rik-alz), n.pl. Dramatic 
performances. 

THEBES (thebz), n. Ancient capital of Upper 
Egypt, on the Nile. 

THEBES (thebz), n. City, Bceotla, ancient 
Greece. 

THECA (the'ka), n. 1. Anat. Sheath; specific- 
ally, the sheath inclosing the spinal cord, 
formed by the dura mater. 2. Bot. Anther. 3. 
Zool. Sheath or receptacle. [Gr. theke, case, 
box.] 

THEE (the),, pron. Objective of THOU; used only 
in prayer, poetry and the common speech of 
Friends or Quakers. [A. S. the, dative and 
accus. of thu.] 

THEFT (theft), ». 1. Act of stealing. 2. Thing 
stolen; loss by stealing. [A. S. thedfth.] 

THEIA (the'ya), n. Greek Myth. One of the six 
female Titans, daughter of Uranus and Gsea 
(Heaven and Earth). 

THEIC (the'ik), n. One who drinks tea to excess. 

THEINE (the'in), n. Active principle of tea. 
[Fr. the, tea.] 

THEIR (thar), poss. pron.pl. Of, or belonging to, 
them; used attributively. [A. S. thdra, genit. 
pi. of the definite article.] 

THEIRS (tharz), poss. pron.pl. Of, or belonging 
to, them; used absolutely. [From THEIR.] 

THEISM (the'izm), n. Creed of a theist. 

THEIST (the'ist), n. One who believes in a God 
who rules the world and sustains a personal 
relation to man. [Fr. theiste — Gr. theos, god.l 

THEISTIC (the-is'tlk), THEISTICAL (the-is'- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn* 



THEM 



1112 



THERAPEUTICS 



tik-al), a. Pertaining to theism or theists; 
according to the doctrine of theists. 

THEM (them.), pron. pi. Objective case of THEY. 
[A. S. thcem, dative pi. of the definite article.] 

THEME (them), n. 1. Subject or topic of dis- 
cussion, or on which a person speaks or writes. 
2. Essay. 3. Stem of a derivative word. [Fr. 
theme — L. thetna — Gr. tithemi, set. 

THEMIS (the'mis), n. Greek Myth. Goddess of 
Justice and law, generally represented as 
carrying scales in one hand and a horn of 
plenty in the other. 

THEMSELVES (ffcem-selvz'), pron. Plural of 
HIMSELF, HERSELF, and ITSELF. 

THEN (then), I. adv. 1. At that time. 2. After- 
ward; immediately. 3. At another time; at 
the other time stated; again. 4. In that case; 
therefore. II. conj. In that case. HI. a. Be- 
ing at that time. [A. S. From THAN.] 

THENAR (the'nar), a. Pertaining to the palm 
of the hand, sole of the foot, or prominence on 
the palm at the base of the thumb. [Gr. thenar, 
palm of the hand.] 

THENCE (thens), adv. 1. From that time or 
place. 2. For that reason. [A. S. thanan.] 

THENCEFORTH (ffoens-forth'), adv. From that 
time forth or forward. 

THENCEFORWARD (iftens-far'ward), adv. From 
that time forward or onward. 

ThEOBROMA (the-o-bro'ma), n. Bot. Genus 
of small trees of the cola-nut family, the best 
known species being T. cacao, the chocolate- 
tree. 

THEOCRACY (the-ok'ra-sl), n. 1. Government 
in which the chiefs of the state are considered 
the immediate ministers of God or of the gods. 
2. State thus governed. [Gr. theos, God, and 
krateo, rule.] 

THEOCRAT (the'o-krat), n. 1. Ruler in a the- 
ocracy. 2. One who lives under a theocracy. 

THEODICY (the-od'i-sl), n. Justification of the 
physical and moral evils in this world, and of 
God's dealings 
with man. [Gr. 
theos, God, and 
dike, justice.] 

THEODOLITE (the- 
od'o-lit), n. In- 
strument used in 
land surveying for 
measuringangles. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

THEODOLITIC 
(the-od-o-lit'ik), 
a. Pertaining to, 
cr made by means « 
of, a theodolite. 

THEOGONY (the- 
og'o-ni), n. [pi. 
THEOGONIES.] 
Genealogy of the 
gods, as those of 
Greece. [Gr. theos, god, and gone", generation.] 




Theodolite. 



THEOLOGIAN (the-o-16'ji-an), n. One versed 
in theology; professor of divinity. 

THEOLOGIC (the-o-loj'ik), THEOLOGICAL 
(the-o-loj'ik-al), a. Pertaining to theology or 
divinity. 

THEOLOGICALLY (the-o-loj'ik-al-i), adv. In 
a theological manner. 

THEOLOGIST (the-ol'o-Jist), n. Student of 
theology; theologian. 

THEOLOGIZE (the-ol'o-jiz), v. [pr.p. THE- 
OL'OGIZING; p.t. and p.p. THEOLOGIZED 
(the-ol'o-jizd).] I. vt. Render theological. II. 
vi. Theorize or speculate upon theological 
subjects. 

THEOLOGY (the-ol'o-ji), n. Science which 
treats of God, and of man's relation to Him; 
system of religious truths. [Gr. theos, God, 
and logos, treatise.] 

THEOPHANY (the-of'a-ni), n. [pi. THEOPH'A- 
NIES.] A personal manifestation of a god to 
man. [Gr. theos, god, and phaind, show.] 

THEOREM (the'o-rem), n. A universal propo- 
sition that can be demonstrated. [Gr. theorima, 
a principle observed — theoreo, view.] 

THEOREMATIC (the-o-rem-at'ik), THEOREM- 
ATICAL (the-o-rem-at'ik-al), a. Pertaining 
to, or of the nature of, a theorem. 

THEORETIC (the-o-ret'ik), THEORETICAL 
(the-o-ret'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to theory; 
speculative. 2. Not practical. 

THEORIA (the-6'ri-a), n. 1. Philosophic rea- 
soning. 2. Joyful, grateful reverence in per- 
ceiving beauty. [Gr. theoria, contemplation.] 

THEORIST (the'o-rist), n. One given to theory. 

THEORIZATION (the-o-ri-za'shun), n. Act of 
theorizing. 

THEORIZE (the'o-riz), vi. [pr.p. THE'ORIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. THEORIZED (the'o-rlzd).] Form 
a theory; form opinions solely by theories; 
speculate. 

THEORIZER (the'o-ri-zer), n. One who theo- 
rizes. 

THEORY (the'o-ri), n. [pi. THEORIES (the'o- 
riz).] 1. Mental contemplation; hypothesis. 
2. Exposition of the abstract principles of a 
science or art. 3. Speculation as opposed to 
practice. 4. In music, the science of compo- 
sition, as distinguished from the art of playing. 
[L. theoria — Gr. theoria, viewing — theoreo. See 
THEOREM.] 

THEOSOPHIC (the-o-sof'ik), THEOSOPHICAL 
(the-o-sof'ik-al), a. Pertaining to, or of the 
nature of, theosophy. 

THEOSOPHIST (the-os'o-flst), n. One who cul- 
tivates or affects theosophy. 

THEOSOPHY (the-os'o-fl), n. Philosophy pur- 
porting to be based upon knowledge obtained 
by direct intercourse with God. [Gr. theos, 
God, and sophos, wise.] 

THERAPEUTIC (ther-a-pu'tik), a. Pertaining 
to the healing art; curative. [Gr. therapeuo, 
take care of, serve.] 

THERAPEUTICS (ther-a-pu'tiks), n. That part 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



THERAPY 



1113 



THETIS 



of medicine concerned with the composition, 
application and mode of operation of the rem- 
edies. 

THERAPY (ther'a-pi), n. Therapeutics used in 
compounds; as, radio-therapy, [Gr. therapcia, 
service — therapeud, serve.] 

THERE (fftar), adv. 1. In that place; at that 
time; in that relation. 2. To or into that 
place. [A. S. thar, thcer.] 

THEREABOUT (*fear-a-bowt '), THEREABOUTS 
(fftar-a-bowts')> adv. About or near that 
place, number, quality, or degree. 

THEREAFTER (tfcar-aft'er), adv. After or ac- 
cording to that. 

THEREAT (tfrar-af), adv. 1. At that place or 
occurrence. 2. On that account. 

THEREBY (thkr-hi'), adv. By that means; in 
consequence of that. 

THEREFOR (tfcar'far), adv. For that or this; 
for it. 

THEREFORE (tfcar'for or ther'tor), adv. 1. For 
that; for that reason. 2. Consequently. 

THEREFROM (ffear-from'), adv. From that or 
this. 

THEREIN (tftar-in'), adv. In that or this place, 
time, thing or respect. 

THEREOF (tfrar-ov')» adv. Of that or this. 

THEREON (*fcar-on'), adv. On that or this. 

THERETO (ffcar-to'), THEREUNTO (ffear-un- 
to')» adv. To that or this. 

THEREUPON (*7*ar-up-on'), adv. 1. Thereon. 
2. Upon or in consequence of that or this. 3. 
Immediately. 

THEREWITH (tha,r-wlth') , adv. With that or 
this. 

THEREWITHAL (ffear-wiffc-al'), adv. With all 
this or that. 

THERM (therm), n. Unit of heat; amount of 
heat required to raise one gram of water 1° 
centigrade, beginning at the temperature of 
water at its maximum density. [L. thermce — 
Gr. therme, heat.] 

THERM-, stem. Same as THERMO-. 

THERMAL (ther'mal), a. Of or pertaining to 
heat; warm. 

THERMIC (ther'mik), a. Due to heat; thermal. 

THERMO-, stem. Used in compound words re- 
ferring to heat or temperature. [Gr. thermos, 
hot.] 

THERMODYNAMICS (ther-md-di-nam'iks), n. 
Branch of physics which treats of heat as a 
mechanical agent. 

THERMOELECTRIC (ther-mo-e-lek'trik), a. 
Pertaining to thermoelectricity. — Thermoelec- 
tric current, electric current produced by heat- 
ing some part of a suitable apparatus. — Ther- 
moelectric series, metals arranged in the order 
of their capacity to generate a thermoelectric 
current when heated. 

THERMOELECTRICITY (ther-mo-e-lek-trls'i- 
ti), n. Electricity developed by the unequal 
heating of two or more bars of dissimilar 
metals. 




Thermometers. 

R = Reaumur. 

C = Celsius, centigrade- 

F = Fahrenheit. 

Freezing Boiling 

point. point. 

R deg 80deg. 

C... Odeg. ....100 deg. 
F.... 32 deg 212 deg. 



THERMOGENESIS (ther-mo-jen'e-sis), n. Pro- 
duction of heat, especially in the human body 
by physiological processes. [Gr. therme, heat, 
and genesis, production.] 

THERMOGRAPH (ther'mo- 
graf), n. Self -registering 
thermometer. [THERMO- 
and -GRAPH.] 

THERMOLYSIS (ther-mol'- 
i-sis), n. 1. Radiations of 
heat from animal bodies. 
2. Dissociation by heat. 

THERMOMETER (ther- 
mom'e-ter), n. Instru- 
ment by which the tem- 
peratures of bodies are as- 
certained. [THERMO- and 
METER.] 

THERMOMETRIC (ther- 
mo-met'rik), THERMO- 
METRICAL (ther-mo- 
met'rik-al), a. Pertaining 
to, or made with, a ther- 
mometer. 

THERMOMETRIC ALLY 
(ther - mo - met ' rik - al -i ) , 
adv. In a thermometrical 
manner; by means of a thermometer. 

THERMOMETRY (ther-mom'e-tri), n. The art 
of measuring heat. 

THERMOPILE (ther'mo-pil), n. Thermoelec- 
tric battery used as a very delicate thermome- 
ter. [THERMO- and PILE.] 

THERMOSCOPE (ther'mo-skop), n. Instru- 
ment indicating changes in temperature with- 
out measuring them.[ THERMO- and SCOPE.] 

THERMOSTAT (ther'mo-stat), n. Self-acting 
apparatus for regulating temperature. [THER- 
MO-, and Gr. statos, standing.] 

THESAURUS (the-sa'rus), n. [pi. THESAU'- 
RUSES or THESAURI (the-sa'ri).] Treasury 
or repository, especially of words; lexicon. 
[L. — Gr. thesauros.] 

THESE (thez), pron. and a. Plural of THIS. 

THESEUS (the'sus or the'se-us), n. Greek Leg- 
end. Famous Greek legendary hero, a son 
of .43geus, and king of Athens. 

THESIS (the'sis), n. [pi. THESES (the'sez).] 1. 
Proposition; that which is set down for argu- 
ment. 2. Subject for a school exercise. 3. 
Essay; dissertation. 4. In prosody, that part 
of a foot which receives the metrical stress. 
5. (Incorrectly) unaccented part of a foot. 
[Gr. tithemi, set. See THEME.] 

THESPIAN (thes'pi-an), I. a. Of, or relating 
to, dramatic art; dramatic. II. n. Actor. 
[From Thespis, a Greek dramatist, B. C. 535.] 

THESSALY (thes'a-li), n. Division of ancient 
Greece, S. of Macedonia and E. of Epirus. 

THETIS (the 'tis), n. Greek Myth. A sea-god- 
dess and the mother of the famous Achilles 
whom she rendered all but invulnerable by dip- 
ping him into the Styx. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



THEURGIC 



1114 



THINKER 



THEURGIC (the-ur'jik), THEURGIC AL (the- 
ur'jik-al), a. Pertaining to theurgy or the 
power of performing supernatural things. — 
Theurgic hymns, songs of incantation. 

THEURGIST (the'ur-jist), n. One who believes 
in or practices theurgy. 

THEURGY (the'ur-ji), n. Phenomena or work- 
ing of divine or supernatural agency in human 
affairs. [Gr. theourgia — theos, a god, and 
ergon, work.] 

THEW (thu), n. Muscle; sinew. IA. S. thediv, 
custom, bearing.] 

THEY (fhsL), pers. pron. Plural of HE, SHE, or 
IT. [A. S. thd, nom. pi. of the definite article.] 

THICK (thlk), I. a. [Comp. THICKER; superl. 
THICK 'EST.] 1. Speaking of the third dimen- 
sion, other than LONG and WIDE; not thin. 
2. Dense; imperfectly fluid. 3. Not trans- 
parent or clear; misty; indistinct. 4. Dull. 5. 
Crowded; closely set; compact; abundant; fre- 
quent; in quick succession. II. adv. 1. 
Closely; frequently; fast. 2. To a great depth. 
III. n. Part where, or time when, anything is 
thickest. — Through thick and thin, steadfastly ; 
through every difficulty. [A. S. thicce, thick; 
cf. Ger. dick.] 

THICKEN (thik'n), v. [pr.p. THICKENING; 
p.t. and p.p. THICKENED (thik'nd).] I. vt. 
Make thick or thicker. II. vi. Become thick 
or thicker. [A. S. thiccian.] 

THICKET (thik'et), n. Collection of trees or 
shrubs closely set; dense wood or copse. 

THICK-HEADED (thik'hed-ed), a. Having a 
thick head or skull; stupid. 

THICKISH (thikish), a. Somewhat thick. 

THICKLY (thik'li), adv. In a thick manner. 

THICKNESS (thik'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being thick. 

THICK-SET (thik'set), I. a. 1. Dense. 2. 
Abounding. 3. Short and stout. II. n. 1. 
A thick hedge. 2. Dense underwood. 3. A 
kind of fustian or cotton velvet. 

THIEF (thef), n. [pi. THIEVES (thevz).] One 
who steals or is guilty of theft. [A. S. thedf, 
thef.] 

THIEVE (thev), v. [pr.p. THIEVING; p.t. and 
p.p. THIEVED (thevd).] I. vt. Take by theft. 
II. vi. Practice theft; steal. [A. S. theofian — 
thedf, thief.] 

THIEVERY (thev'er-i), n. Practice of thieving. 

THIEVISH (thev'ish), a. Given to, or like, theft 
or stealing; acting by stealth; dishonest; 
furtive. 

THIEVISHLY (thev'ish-li), adv. In a thievish 
manner; like a thief. 

THIEVISHNESS (thev'ish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being thievish. 

THIGH (thi). n. Thick, fleshy part of the leg 
from the knee to the hip; femur. [A. S. theoh.] 

THILL (thil), n. One of the pair of shafts of a 
cart, gig or other carriage. [A. S. thille, 
trencher.] 

THILLER (thil'er), THILL-HORSE (thil'hars), 




Thimble. 



n. Horse that goes between the thills or 
shafts, and supports them. 

THIMBLE (thim'bl), n. 1. Metal protection for 
the finger, used in sewing. 2. 
A sleeve, skein or tube, to fit 
over another. [A. S. thymol 
— thiima, thumb.] 

THIMBLEBERRY (thim'bl-ber- 
i), n. Raspberry. 

THIMBLEFUL (thim'bl-fol), n. 
As much as a thimble willi 
hold; very small quantity. 

THIMBLERIG (thimbl-rig), n. 

Sleight-of-hand trick in which the performer 
conceals a pea or small ball under one of three 
thimble-like cups. 

THIMBLERIG (thim'bl-rig), v. [pr.p. THIM'- 
BLERIGGING; p.t. and p.p. THIMBLEBIGGED 
(thim'bl-rigd).] I. vt. Cheat by means of 
thimblerig. II. vi. Practice thimblerig. 

THIMBLERIGGER (thim'bl-rig-er), n. One 
who practices thimblerigging. 

THEN (thin), I. a. [comp. THIN'NER; superl. 
THINNEST.] 1. Having little thickness; slim; 
lean. 2. Freely fluid; of little viscosity. 3. 
Not dense, close or crowded. 4. Not full; faint 
and shrill. 5. Transparent; easily seen 
through. II. adv. Not thickly or closely; in 
a scattered state. [A. S. thynne.] 

THIN (thin), v. [pr.p. THINNING; p.t. and p.p. 
THINNED (thind).] I. vt. Make thin; at- 
tenuate. II. vi. Become thin or thinner. 

THINE (thin), a. Belonging to thee; relating to 
thee. Like thou, thine is now seldom used 
except in poetry, solemn discourses, or the 
language of the Quakers. [A. S. thin.] 

THING (thing), n. 1. Inanimate object; any 
object of human thought. 2. An event. 3. 
[pi.] Belongings, as clothes, etc. — The thing, 
the proper proceeding or result;what is required 
by custom or fashion. [A. S. thing, cause, 
council.] 

THINGUMBOB (thing'um-bob), THINGUMMY 
(thing'um-i), n. Indefinite name for any per- 
son or thing. (Colloq.) 

THINK (thingk), v. [pr.p. THINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. THOUGHT (that).] I. vt. 1. Form or 
harbor in the mind; conceive; imagine. 2. 
Hold in opinion; consider. 3. Design or 
meditate. II. vi. 1. Exercise the mind; 
revolve ideas in the mind. 2. Form or hold 
an opinion. 3. Call to mind; remember. 4. 
Intend; purpose; design. 5. Take thought. 
[A. S. thencan.] 

SYN. Contemplate; study; ponder; de- 
liberate; regard; cogitate; ruminate; con- 
jecture; suppose; deem; guess; surmise. 
ANT. Disregard; ignore; forget; overlook. 

THINK (thingk), n. A thought; as, he thinks 
many a long think. 

THINKABLE (thingk'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
thought; conceivable. 

THINKER (thingk'er), n. Person who thinks. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



THINKING 



1115 



THORN 



THINKING (thingk'ing), n. 1. Mental perform- 
ance of a person who thinks. 2. Manner or 
substance of thought; opinion. 3. Mental 
faculty; mind. 

THINLY (thin'li), adv. In a thin manner. 

THINNESS (thin'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being thin. 

THINNISH (thin'ish), a. Somewhat thin. 

THIN-SKINNED (thin'skind), a. 1. Having 
a thin skin. 2. Easily offended; over-sensitive. 

THIO-ACID (thi-o-as'id), n. An acid in which 
sulphur has been substituted for oxygen. 
[Gr. theion, sulphur.] 

THIRD (therd), I. a. Last of three. II. n. 1. 
One of three equal parts. 2. Music. Interval of 
two full tones or three half tones. 3. Unit of 
time, equal to one-sixtieth of a second. 4. Law. 
Widow's share of her husband's estate. 5. 
Baseball. The third base. — Third degree, in- 
quisitional method of extorting confession 
from persons suspected of crime. — Third 
estate, in a kingdom, the commonalty or 
Commons; in Great Britain, represented in 
Parliament by the House of Commons. [A. S. 
fhridda.] 

THIRDLY (therd'li), adv. In the third place. 

THIRD-RAIL (therd'ral), n. An additional rail 
used for electric cars for the transmission of 
electricity from a power-station. 

THIRD-RATE (therd 'rat), a. 1. Of the third 
order. 2. Of a decidedly Inferior rank or 
quality. 

THIRST (therst), n. 1. Uneasiness caused by 
want of drink; craving for drink. 2. Eager 
desire for anything. [A. S. thurst, thyrst.] 

THIRST (therst), vi. [pr.p. THIRST' ING; p.t. 
and p.p. THIBST'ED.] 1. Have desire to 
drink; feel thirsty. 2. Have a vehement de- 
sire or longing for anything. 

THIRSTILY (therst'i-li), adv. In a thirsty 
manner. 

THIRSTINESS (therst'i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being thirsty. 

THIRSTY (therst'i), a. [comp. THIRST'IER; 
superl. THIRST'IEST.] 1. Having thirst; 
suffering from thirst. 2. Dry; parched. 3. 
Having a vehement desire or longing for 
anything. 

THIRTEEN (ther'ten), a. and n. Three and ten. 

THIRTEENER (ther-ten'er), n. The thirteenth 
one of any number of things, as of a suit of 
cards. 

THIRTEENTH (ther'tenth), a. and n. Last of 
thirteen. 

THIRTIETH (ther'ti-eth), a. and n. Last of 
thirty. 

THIRTY (ther'ti), a. and n. Three times ten. 
[A. S. thirtig.] 

THIRTY-TWO-MO (ther-tl-to'mo), n. The size 
of a book, when a sheet of paper is folded in 
thirty-two equal parts; commonly written 
S2mo. 

THIS (this), pron. and a. [pi. THESE (thez).\ 



Denoting a person or thing near, just men- 
tioned, or about to be mentioned. [A. S.] 

THISTLE (this'l), n. Common name of several 
prickly plants which send their seed over 
great distances by means of a very light feath- 
ery down which floats in the wind carrying 
the seed. [A. S. thistel.] 

THISTLE-FINCH (this'l-finch), n. One of 
several species of finches, which feed largely 
on the seeds of the thistle. 

THISTLY (this'li), a. Overgrown with thistles. 

THITHER (thither), I. adv. 1. To that place. 

2. To that end or result. II. a. Further; 
opposite. [A. S. thider.] 

THITHERTO (thith-er-t'6') , adv. To that point; 
so far. 

THITHERWARD (tMffr'er-ward), adv. Toward 
that place; in that direction. 

THOLE (thol), n. Pin inserted into the gun- 
wale of a boat to serve as a fulcrum for the 
oar in rowing. [A. S. thol.] 

THOLUS (tho'lus), n. A round building; dome; 
cupola; rotunda. [Gr. tholos.] 

THONG (thang), n. Strap of leather. [A. S. 
thwang. Akin to Ger. zwang, force.] 

THONG (thang), vt. [pr.p. THONGING; p.t. and 
p.p. THONGED (thangd).] Beat with a thong; 
lash. 

THOR (thar), n. Norse Myth. God of thunder, 
son of Odin; always carried a heavy hammer 
(Mjolnir), which returned to his hand as often 
as he threw it, and he had a girdle that con- 
stantly renewed his strength. 

THORACIC (tho-ras'ik), a. 1. Pertaining to the 
thorax or breast. 2. Having a thorax. 3. 
Having the legs or ventral fins in a thoracic 
position. 

THORAL (tho'ral), a. 1. Of or pertaining to a 
bed. 2. Palmistry. Designating a line in the 
hand called the mark of Venus. [L. torus, bed.] 

THORAX (tho'raks), n. 1. Anat. Part of the 
body between the neck and 
abdomen; the breast, and 
especially the bones inclo- 
sing it. 2. Entom. Part of 
the body between the head 
and the abdomen. 3. Gr. 
Antiq. Cuirass or corselet 
worn by the ancient Greeks. 
It consisted of a breast- 
plate and a backpiece fas- 
tened by buckles, and was 
often richly ornamented. 
[L. — Gr. thorax.] 

THORIUM (tho'ri-um), n. A 
very heavy metal resem- 
bling nickel in color and tin in properties. It 
burns with a bright flame, when heated in air. 
[From THOR.] 

THORN (tharn), n. 1. Sharp, woody spine on 
the stem of a plant. 2. Plant having thorns. 

3. Anything prickly or troublesome. 4. The 
Anglo-Saxon letter equivalent to th. [A. S.] 




( 



Thorax. 

A. Sternum. B. Dorsal 
vertebrae. 1 to 12 Costae 
or ribs. 1 to 7 True o* 
sternal ribs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 
12 Floating ribs. (In 
all 24 ribs.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



THORN-APPLE 



1116 



THRASH 



THORN-APPLE (tharn'ap-1), n. 1. Haw tree or 
its fruit. 2. Ill-smelling poisonous weed; 
jimson-weed, Jamestown-weed 
or stramonium. 

THORNBACK (tharn'bak), w. 
Voracious kind of skate or ray 
about two feet long. 

THORNB1LL (tharnbil), n. Large 
gorgeous humming-bird of Peru, 
with a beard-like pendant and 
a sharp thorn-like bill. 

THORNTAIL (tharn'tal) , n. Beau- 
tiful humming-bird (Gouldia 
popelairei) of Peru and Colom- 
bia. 

THORNY (tharn'i), a. [comp. 




Thornback 
(Raia clavata). 

THORN'IEK; 



Full of thorns; prickly; 



superl. THORNIEST.] 
troublesome. 

THOROUGH (thur'6), I. a. Passing through 
or to the end; complete; entire. II. n. Passage; 
channel. [A. S. thurh, through.] 

THOROUGH-BASS (thur'6-bas), n. Bass part 
all through a piece, with figures to indicate 
the successive chords of the harmony; science 
of harmony. 

THOROUGH-BOLT (thur'6-bolt), n. Bolt the 
screw-end of which projects and Is secured 
by a nut. 

THOROUGH-BRACE (thur'6-bras), n. Leather 
band hanging on a front and a rear spring, 
and supporting the body of a carriage. 

THOROUGHBRED (thur 6-bred), I. a. 1. Bred 
from the best blood, as a horse. 2. Having 
the qualities produced by pure breeding; grace- 
ful. II. n. Animal of pure descent. 

THOROUGHFARE (thur'6-far), n. Public way 
or street; place of travel. 

THOROUGH-GOING (thur'6-go-ing), a. 1. Go- 
ing through or to the end. 2. Going all lengths; 
out-and-out. 

THOROUGHLY (thur'6-li), adv. In a thorough 
manner; fully; completely. 

THOROUGHNESS (thur'6-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being thorough. 

THOROUGH- PACED (thur'6-past), a. 1. Thor- 
oughly or perfectly paced or trained. 2. Com- 
plete; consummate. 

THOROUGHWORT (thur'6-wurt), n. 
name of a composite plant of N. 
America, valued for its medicinal 
uses; boneset; Indian sage. 

THORP, THORPE (tharp), n. Ham- 
let. [A. S. Cf. Ger. dorf.] 

THOSE (ffcoz), a. and pron. Plural 
of THAT. [A. S. thdst old pi. of thes, 
this.] 

THOTH (thoth or tot), n. Egypt. 
Myth. God of speech, letters, time, 
and source of all wisdom, cor- 
responding to the Greek Hermes. 

THOU ({how), pron. Person addressed. (Super- 
seded by "you," except in poetry and in ad- 
dressing the Deity. [A. S. thu.\ 



Popular 




THOUGH (tho), I. cony. Admitting or allowing 
that; even if. II. adv. Nevertheless; however; 
for all that. [A. S. thedh.] 

THOUGHT (that), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of THINK. 

THOUGHT (that), n. 1. Act of thinking; reason- 
ing; deliberation. 2. That which one thinks; 
idea; fancy; consideration; opinion. 3. Care. 
4. Small amount. [A. S. ge-thoht.] 

SYN. Reflection; cogitation; delibera- 
tion; meditation; notion; design; concep- 
tion; solicitude; concern; trifle; conceit; 
purpose; intention. ANT. Thoughtlessness; 
aberration; vacuity; improvidence. 

THOUGHTFUL (thatfol), a. 1. Employed in 
meditation. 2. Attentive; considerate. 

SYN. Contemplative; wary; careful; prov- 
ident; regardful; mindful; heedful; diligent. 
ANT. Thoughtless; unthinking; careless; 
improvident. 

THOUGHTFULLY (that'fol-i), adv. In a thought- 
ful manner. 

THOUGHTFULNESS (that'fol-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being thoughtful. 

THOUGHTLESS (that'les), a. 1. Without 
thought or care; careless; inattentive. 2. 
Stupid; dull. 

SYN. Heedless; remiss; negligent; re- 
gardless; inconsiderate; giddy. ANT. 
Thoughtful; regardful; mindful; provident. 

THOUGHTLESSLY (that'les-li), adv. In a 
thoughtless manner. 

THOUGHTLESSNESS (that'les-nes), ». Quality 
or state of being thoughtless. 

THOUGHT- WAVE (that'wav), n. An undula- 
tion of an assumed medium of thought-trans- 
ference, supposed to explain the phenomena 
of telepathy. 

THOUSAND (thow'zand), I. a. 1. Ten hundred. 
2. Any large number. II. n. 1. Number ten 
hundred. 2. Any large number. [A. S. 
thusend — Ger. tausend.] 

THOUSANDFOLD (thow'zand-fold), a. Folded 
a thousand times; multiplied by a thousand. 

THOUSAND-LEGS (thow'zand-legz), n. A 
worm with a large number of legs; myriapod; 
milleped. 

THOUSANDTH (thow'zandth), I. a. Last of a 
thousand or of any great number. II. n. 1. 
One of a thousand or of any great number. 2. 
One of a thousand equal parts. 

THRALDOM, THRALLDOM (thra'ldum), n. 
Slavery; bondage. [See THRALL.] 

THRALL (thral), n. 1. Slave; serf. 2. Slavery; 
servitude. 3. Shelf for tubs or barrels. [A. S. 
ihrael — Ice. throel, runner, attendant.] 

THRASH (thrash), THRESH (thresh), v. [pr.p. 
THRASHING, THRESHING; p.t. and p.p. 
THRASHED (thrasht), THRESHED (thresht).] 
I. vt. 1. Beat out (grain from the straw). 2. 
Beat soundly. II. vi. 1. Perform the act of 
thrashing. 2. Drudge; toil; beat about. [A. S. 
therscan. thrash.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



THRASHER 



1117 



THRIFT 



THRESHER (thresh' 




Thrasher {Toxostoma 
rufum) . 



THRASHER (thrash'er), 

er), n. 1. One who 

or machine which 

thrashes grain. 2. 

Species of shark, so 

called from its using 

its long tail-fin as 

weapon of attack. 3. 

Bird of the genus 

Toxostoma especially 

T. rufum, commonly 

called the brown 

thrasher. 
THRASHING (thrashing), n. 1. Act of heating 

out grain from the straw. 2. Sound beating 

or drubbing. 
THRASHING-MACHINE (thrash'ing-ma-shen) , 

n. Machine for thrashing or beating out grain, 

as wheat, oats, etc., from the straw. 
THREAD (thred), n. 1. Very thin line of any 

fibrous substance twisted and drawn out. 2. 

Anything resembling a thread; as, a thread of 

spun glass. 3. Prominent spiral part of a 

screw. 4. Something continued in long course. 

5. Main idea running through a discourse. 

[A. S. thrced — thrdwan, wind.] 
THREAD (thred), v. [pr.p. THREADING; p.t. 

and p.p. THREAD'EB.] I. vt. 1. Pass a 

thread through the eye of (as a needle). 2. 

Pass or pierce through, as a narrow way. 3. 

Furnish with a thread, as a screw or bolt. II. 

vi. Pick one's way carefully. 
THREADBARE (thredbar), a. 1. Worn to the 

naked thread; having the nap worn off. 2. 

Used till its novelty or interest is gone; 

hackneyed. 3. Wearing threadbare clothes; 

shabby. 
THREAD-CELL, (thred'sel), n. In a jellyfish, 

one of the cavities containing a coiled elastic 

thread that springs out and stings, when the 

animal is irritated. 
THREADER (thred'er), n. One who or that 

which threads; specifically, a device for guid- 
ing the thread into the eye of a needle. 
THREADFISH (thred'fish), n. Any of several 

species of tropical fish having threadlike 

rays below the pectoral fins, as Alectis ciliaris 

and Polynemus indicus. 
THREADLIKE (thred'lik), o. Resembling a 

thread; filamentary. 
THREADWORM (thred'wurm), n. Any worm 

having a filiform body; specifically, the pin- 
worm (Oxyuris vermicularis) , which infests 

the intestines of man. 
THREADY (thred'i), a. 1. Like thread; slender. 

2. Containing, or consisting of, thread. 
THREAT (thret), n. Declaration of an intention 

to inflict punishment or other evil upon an- 
other; menace. [A. S. threat, threat — p.t. of 

threotan, vex.] 
THREATEN (thret'n), v. [pr.p. THREATENING; 

p.U and p.p. THREATENED (thret'nd).] I. vt. 

1. Declare the intention of inflicting harm 



upon. 3. Terrify by menaces. 3. Give omi- 
nous indication of ; portend. 4. Be a menace to. 
5. Hold out as a punishment. II. vi. 1. Use 
threats or menaces. 2. Have a threatening 
appearance; be portentous. 

THREATENER (thret'n-er), n. One who 
threatens or menaces. 

THREATENING (thret'n-ing), a. 1. Containing 
threats; indicating a threat or menace. 2. 
Menacing. 

THREATENINGLY (thret'n-ing-li), adv. In a 
threatening manner. 

THREE (thre), I. a. Consisting of two and one. 
II. n. 1. Number which consists of two and 
one. 2. Symbol denoting three units, as 3 
or ni. [A. S. threo.] 

THREE-DECKER (thre'dek-er), m, 1. A vessel 
of war carrying guns on three decks. 2. Piece 
of furniture with three tiers. 

THREEFOLD (thre'fold), a. and adv. Folded 
or repeated thrice; consisting of three. 

THREEPENCE (thre'pens or thrip'ens), n. 1. 
Small English silver coin, of the value of three 
pennies, or about six cents. 2. Sum or 
amount of three pennies. 

THREE-PHASE (thre'faz), a. Elec. Having or 
employing three phases. 

THREE-PHASER (thre'faz-er), n. Elec. Three- 
phase alternating-current generator or motor. 

THREE-PLY (threpli), a. Having three folds, 
three webs or three strands. 

THREESCORE (thre'skor), a. Three times a 
score; sixty. 

THREE-WAY (thre'wa), a. Having or control- 
ling three passages, as a stopcock or valve. 

THREMMATOLOGY (threm-a-tol'o-ji), n. The 
methodical selection in breeding animals and 
plants. [Gr. thremma, thremmatis, nursling, 
and -OLOGY.] 

THRENODIAL (thren-6'di-al), a. Pertaining to 
a threnody; elegiac; mournful. 

THRENODIST (thren'6-dist) , n. Writer of thren- 
odies or dirges. 

THRENODY (thren'6-di), n. Song or poem of 
lamentation; dirge. [Gr. threnodia — threnos, 
lamentation, and ode, ode.] 

THRESH (thresh), v. Same as THRASH. 

THRESHOLD (threshold), n. Piece of wood 
or stone under the door of a house; doorsill; 
entrance. [A. S. therscold. Of doubtful origin.] 

THREW (thro), v. Past tense of THROW. 

THRICE (thris), adv. Three times; loosely, 
several times; repeatedly. Thrice is some- 
times used as the first element of a compound 
with an intensive or amplifying force; as, 
Mrice-blessed. 

THRIFT (thrift), n. 1. State of thriving. 2. 
Frugality. 3. Prosperity; increase of wealth; 
gain. 4. Plant of several species, as the sea- 
pink, a garden plant. [See THRIVE.] 

SYN. Success; gain; industry; fortune; 
economy; good husbandry. ANT. Prodigal- 
ity; waste; expenditure. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



THRIFT-BOX 



1118 



THROW 



THRIFT-BOX (thrift'boks), n. Small box for 
keeping savings. 

THRIFTILY (thrlft'i-li), adv. In a thrifty 
manner. 

THRIFTINESS (thrift'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being thrifty. 

THRIFTLESS (thrift'les), a. 1. Extravagant; 
without thrift. 2. Not thriving; unprofitable. 

THRIFTLESSLY (thrift'les-li), adv. In a thrift- 
less manner. 

THRIFTLESSNESS (thrift'les-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being thriftless. 

THRIFTY (thrift!), a. [comp. THRIFT'IER; su- 
perl. THRIFT'IEST.] 1. Showing thrift or 
economy. 2. Thriving by economy. 

SYN. Economical; saving; sparing; frugal; 
careful; thriving; prosperous. ANT. Spend- 
thrift; thoughtless; indiscreet. 

THRILL (thril), v. [pr.p. THRDIL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. THRILLED (thrild).] I. vt. 1. Affect as If 
by something that pierces; penetrate; per- 
meate. 2. Cause to vibrate. 3. Cause to ex- 
perience a deep or keen or exquisite emotion. 
II. vi. 1. Pierce or affect one with a sharp 
tingling sensation. 2. Feel a sharp tingling 
sensation. 3. Have a stirring emotion. 4. 
Quiver; vibrate; pulsate. [A. S. thyrlian, bore 
a hole.] 

THRILL (thril), n. 1. Thrilling sensation. 2. 
Beat of heart or pulse. 

THRILLER (thril'er), n. One who or that which 
thrills; sensational novel. 

THRILLING (thril'ing), a. Producing a thrill or 
thrills. 

THRILLINGLY (thril'ing-li), adv. In a thrilling 
manner. 

THRIVE (thriv), vi. [pr.p. THRI'VING; p.t. 
THROVE (throv) or THRIVED (thrivd) ; p.p. 
THRIVEN (thriv'n).] 1. Prosper; be suc- 
cessful. 2. Increase in goods; grow rich. 3. 
Grow vigorously. 4. Flourish. [Ice. fhrlfask 
— thrifa, grasp.] 

THRIVING (thri'ving), a. Prosperous; success- 
ful; growing; thrifty. 

THRIVINGLY (thri'ving-li), adv. In a thriving 
manner; prosperously. 

THRIVINGNESS (thri'ving-nes), n. Condition 
of one who thrives; prosperity. 

THROAT (throt), n. 1. Forepart of the neck, 
In which are the gullet and windpipe. 2. 
Passage from the mouth to the lungs and 
stomach; pharynx. 3. Entrance; narrow 
passage. [A. S. throte; cf. O. H. Ger. drozze.] 

THROATY (throt'i), a. 1. Uttered back in the 
throat; guttural. 2. Having a large throat; 
voracious. 

THROB (throb), vi. [pr.p. THROB'BING; p.t. 
and p.p. THROBBED (throbd).] Palpitate, as 
the heart or pulse, with more than usual force. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

THROB (throb), n. Strong pulsation; palpitation. 

THROE (thro), n. Violent pain or pang; agony; 
anguish. [A. S. thrcd, suffering, pain.] 



THROMBOSIS (throm-bo'sis), n. Coagulation 
of blood in the living body. [Gr.] 

THROMBUS (thrombus), n. Small tumor, 
caused by escape of blood from a vein into 
cellular tissue. [Gr. thrombos, lump, clot.] 

THRONAL (thro'nal), a. Of or pertaining to a 
throne. 

THRONE (thron), n. 1. Elevated and orna- 
mental chair of state used by a sovereign. 2. 
Sovereign power and dignity. [Gr. thronos, 
chair.] 

THRONE (thron), v. [pr.p. THRO'NING; p.t. 
and p.p. THRONED (thrond).] I. vt. Place on 
a throne; enthrone. II. vi. Sit on a throne. 

THRONELESS (thron'les), a. Without a throne; 
deposed. 

THRONG (thrang), n. Large number of people 
crowded or moving together. [A. S. gethrang, 
p.p. of thringan, press.] 

THRONG (thrang), v. [pr.p. THRONG'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. THRONGED (thrangd).] I. vi. Come 
in multitudes; crowd or press together. II. 
vt. Annoy with a throng or press of people; 
crowd; press. 

THROSTLE (thros'l), n. 1. Song-thrush or mav- 
is (Turdus musicus). 2. Machine for spin- 
ning wool, cotton, etc. [A. S. throsle, prob- 
ably a dim. — Ice. thrbstr, thrush.] 

THROTTLE (throt'i), n. 1. Throat; windpipe. 
2. Throttle-valve. [Dim. of THROAT.] 

THROTTLE (throt'i), v. [pr.p. THROT'TLING; 
p.t. and p.p. THROTTLED (throt'ld).] I. vt. 
1. Stop the breath of by compressing the 
throat; strangle; choke; suffocate. 2. Ob- 
struct by a throttle-valve, as a steam-pipe. 
n. vi. Breathe hard as when nearly suffocated. 

THROTTLE-LEVER (throt'1-le-ver), n. Hand- 
lever by which the throttle-valve is worked. 

THROTTLER (throt'lerj, n. One who or 
that which throttles. 

THROTTLE-VALVE (throt'i- valv), n. Valve 
which regulates the supply of steam to the 
cylinder of an engine. 

THROUGH (thro), I. prep. 1. From end to 
end of; from side to side of; between the sides 
of. 2. Among. 3. By way of. 4. By means of; 
in consequence of. II. adv. 1. From one 
end or side to the other; from beginning to 
end. 2. To the end or purpose. III. a. 1. 
Unobstructed. 2. That passes without inter- 
ruption or change, as a through train. 3. That 
entitles to transportation to the end, as a 
through ticket. [A. S. thurh.] 

THROUGH-LIGHTED (thro'lit-ed), a. Having 
windows on opposite sides. 

THROUGHOUT (thro-owt), I. prep. Through 
to the outside; in every part of. II. adv. 
Everywhere. 

THROUGH-STONE (thro'ston), n. Stone placed 
so as to show on both faces of the wall. 

THROVE (throv), v. Past tense of THRIVE. 

THROW (thro), v. [pr.p. THROWING; p.t. 
THREW (thro); p.p. THROWN (thron).] I. vt. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



THROW 



1119 



THUNDERBOLT 



1. Hurl; fling; propel; send. 2. Wind or twist 
together, as silk threads, in a direction con- 
trary to the twist of the singles. 3. Form on 
a wheel, as pottery. 4. Cast (dice). 5. Put 
off. 6. Put on or spread carelessly. 7. Cast 
down in wrestling. 8. Produce, as young, 
said of rabbits, etc. 9. Sell, as a race, by 
allowing another to win unnecessarily. II. 
vi. Perform the act of throwing. — Throw 
over, desert; abandon. — Throw up, give up; 
eject from the stomach. [A. S. thrdwan, whirl.] 

THROW (thro), n. 1. Act of throwing; cast, 
especially of dice. 2. Distance to which any- 
thing is thrown; extent of motion of a part of 
a machine. 3. Implement for giving a rapid, 
rotary motion, as to a potters' wheel. 

THROW-CRANK (thro'krangk), n. Crank which 
serves to convert rotary into reciprocating 
motion. 

THROWING-TABLE (thro'ing-ta-bl), n. Pot- 
ters' wheel; also called throwing-engine and 
thr •owing-mill. 

THROWSTER (thro'ster), n. One who twists 
silk threads together. 

THRUM (thrum), n. 1. End of weaver's thread. 

2. Coarse yarn. 3. Loose fringe. [Ice. 
thromr, edge.] 

THRUM (thrum), vt. [pr.p. THRUMMING; p.t. 
and p.p. THRUMMED (thrumd).] Furnish 
with thrums; put tufts or fringes on. 

THRUM (thrum), v." [pr.p. THRUMMING; p.t. 
and p.p. THRUMMED (thrumd).] I. vt. Play 
roughly on with the fingers, as a piano, harp, 
etc. II. vi. Play rudely or monotonously with 
the fingers on an instrument, table, etc. [Ice. 
thruma, rattle.] 

THRUM (thrum), n. Monotonous drumming or 
tapping. 

THRUMMY (thrum'i), a. Made of or like 
thrums; shaggy. 

THRUSH (thrush), n. 1. Little European sing- 
ing bird; throstle or song-thrush. 2. 
Warbler, or similar bird, of many 
species and countries. [A. S. 
thrysce.] 

THRUSH (thrush), 
Inflammatory and 
suppurating affec- 
tion in the feet of 1 
horses. 2, Disease 
of the mouth and 
throat, occurring 
chiefly in early Song-thrush (Turdusmusicus). 

infancy. [Dan. troeske — root of THIRST.] 
THRUST (thrust), v. [pr.p. THRUSTING; p.t. 

and p.p. THRUST.] I. vt. 1. Push or drive 

with force; drive; force; impel. 2. Stab or 

pierce. I£. vi. Make a sudden push, as with 

a pointed weapon. [Ice. thrysta.] 
THRUST (thrust), n. 1. Violent push or drive, 

as with a pointed weapon; stab. 2. Assault 

or attack. 
THUD (thud), n. 1. Sound, as that of a heavy 




stone striking the ground. 2, Blow causing 
a dull sound. [Imitative.] 

THUG (thug), w. 1. Member of a fraternity of 
robbers and assassins formerly prevalent in 
India. 2. Ruffian; bandit. [Hind, thugna, de- 
ceive, rob.] 

THUGGEE (thug'e), n. Profession and practice 
of thugs; also called thuggeeism, thuggery, 
thuggism. 

THULE (thu'le), n. Name given by the ancients 
to the most northern country with which they 
were acquainted. The Romans spoke of it as 
Ultima Thule, the farthest Thule. 

THULITE (thu'lit), n. A rare rock of a peach 
blossom color, found in Norway. 

THUMB (thum), n. Short, thick first digit of 
the hand. [A. S. thuma.] 

THUMB (thum), vt. [pr.p. THUMBING; p.t. and 
p.p. THUMBED (thumd).] 1. Handle awk- 
wardly. 2. Soil or wear off with the thumb or 
fingers. 

THUMBED (thumd), a. 1. Having thumbs. 2. 
Marked with thumb-marks, as a book. 

THUMB-PIECE (thum'pes), n. A projection on 
any piece of mechanism, intended to be worked 
by the thumb. 

THUMB-SCREW (thum'skro), n. 1. Instrument 
of torture for com- 
pressing the thumb. 2. 
Screw with a head 
easily turned by thumb 
and fore-finger. 3. 
Device for compress- 
ing the ends of thumb 
and fingers in order to 
render them white and 
shapely. 

THUMB-STALL (thum'- 
stal), n. A case or pad 
to protect the thumb. 

THUMP (thump), n. 
Sound made by the 
sudden fall of a heavy body, 
a club, fist, etc. [Imitative.] 

THUMP (thump), v. [pr.p. THUMP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. THUMPED (thumpt).] I. vt. Beat with 
something heavy. II. vi. Give a dull, heavy 
sound. 

THUNDER (thun'der), n. 1. Noise made by a 
discharge of atmospheric electricity. 2. Any 
similar noise. 3. Startling announcement or 
awful threat. [A. S. thunor.] 

THUNDER (thun'der), v. [pr.p. THUNDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. THUNDERED (thun'derd).] I. vi. 
1. Make thunder. 2. Sound as thunder. 3. 
Make alarming denunciations. II. vt. 1. Give 
out with noise and terror. 2. Utter as a threat 
or denunciation. 

THUNDERBOLT (thun'der-bolt), n. 1. Flash of 
lightning accompanied by thunder. 2. Dread- 
ful threat of censure by some high authority. 
3. Class. Myth. Imaginary bolt, supposed 
to be a stone missile shot by Jupiter in a 




Thumb-screws. 

as by a blow with 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 






THUNDER- CLAP 



1120 



TIBIAL 



flash of lightning, causing the accompanying 
crash of thunder. 

THUNDER-CLAP (thun'der-klap), n. A loud 
discharge of atmospheric electricity. 

THUNDER-CLOUD (thun'der-klowd), n. A 
cloud that produces thunder and lightning, 
generally a dense, dark cumulus, from 2000 
to 12,000 feet high, moving from 1500 to 
4000 feet above the ground. 

THUNDERER (thun'der-er), w. One who or 
that which thunders. 

THUNDER-HEAD (thun'der-hed), n. Small, 
round cumulus of brilliant whiteness, which 
with change of light often appears to swell 
and turn black as it rises from the horizon. 

THUNDEROUS (thun'der-us), a. Very loud; like 
thunder. 

THUNDER-STORM (thun'der-starm), n. Storm 
accompanied with thunder. 

THUNDERSTRUCK (thun'der-struk), a. 1. 
Struck or injured by lightning. 2. Aston- 
ished; struck dumb. 

THUNDERY (thun'der-i), a. 1. Having the 
character of or resembling thunder. 2. Ac- 
companied with thunder. 

THURIBLE (thu'ri-bl), n. Metal censer for 
burning frankincense. [L. thuribulum — thus, 
frankincense.] 

THURIFER (thu'ri-fer), n. An acolyte who car- 
ries a censer. 

THURINGIA (thu-rin'ji-a), n. Region in Cen- 
tral Germany; Saxony and lands adjoining it. 

THURLNGITE (thu-rin'jit), n. Mineral com- 
posed of olive-green minute scales of a silicate 
of iron and aluminum. 

THURSDAY (thurz'da), n. Fifth day of the 
week, so called after Thor, the old Saxon god 
of thunder. [A. S. Thunres dceg — thunor, thun- 
der, and dceg, day.] 

THUS (thus), adv. 1. In this or that manner. 2. 
To this degree or extent. 3. From this cause. 
— Thus far, to this point or degree. — Thus 
much, as much as this. [A. S.] 

THUSNESS (tfms'nes), n. The state of being 
thus. (Humorous.) 

THWACK (thwak), vt. [pr.p. THWACK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. THWACKED (thwakt).] Strike 
with something blunt and heavy; whack. 

THWACK (thwak), n. Heavy blow with some- 
thing blunt; whack; thump; bang. 

THWACKER (thwak'er), n. 1. One who 
thwacks. 2. Wooden tool used for beating 
half-dried pan-tiles into shape. 

THWART (thwart), I. a. Transverse; cross- 
wise. II. n. Bench for rowers placed athwart 
the boat. [A. S. thweorh; Ice. thvert, across.] 

THWART (thwart), vt. [pr.p. THWARTING; 
p.t. and p.p. THWARTED.] Frustrate or de- 
feat. 

THWARTER (thwart'er), n. One who or that 
which thwarts. 

THY (thi), pron. Of, or pertaining to, thee. 
[Short form of THINE.] 




Thylacine (Thylacinus 
cynocephalus). 



THYLACLNE (thil'a-sin), n. Zebra-wolf of Tas- 
mania, largest extant 
predaceous marsupi-, 
al. [Gr. thylax, pouch, 
and hydn, dog.] 

THYME (tim), n. Aro- 
matic kitchen herb. 
[L. thymum — Gr. thy- 
mos, fragrant.] 

THYMUS (thi'mus), n. 
One of the two glands 
behind the breast-bone near the neck (called 
sweetbread in veal and lamb). [Gr. thymos, 
from fancied likeness to a bunch of thyme.] 

THYMY (ti'ml), o. Abounding with thyme. 

THYROID (thi'roid), a. Shield-shaped. — Thy- 
void cartilage, the largest cartilage of the larynx 
forming the so-called Adam's apple. — Thy- 
roid gland, large, vascular body on the larynx 
and upper part of the trachea — the seat of the 
disease known as goiter; its removal or fail- 
ure to function causes idiocy. [Gr. thyra, 
door, and eidos, shape.] 

THYROTOMY (thi-rot'o-mi), n. A cutting Into 
the thyroid gland. 

THYRSUS (thur'sus), n. 1. Staff tipped with 
an ornament like a pine-cone, wrapped with 
ivy and vine, emblem of Bacchus. 2. Bot, 
Ovate panicle. [Gr. thyrsos, stalk.] 

THYSELF (tM-self), pron. Thou or thee, In 
person; used for emphasis. 

TIAO (ti-a'6), n. String of Chinese money. 

TIARA (ti-a'ra), n. 1. High ornamental head- 
dress of the ancient Persians. 
2. Phrygian conical cap, 
falling over the brow. 3. 
Any similar head-dress, es- 
pecially the pope's triple 
crown. 4. The papal dig- 
nity. [L. tiara — Gr. tiara, 
Persian head-dress.] 

TIARAED(ti-a'red),a. Adorned 
with or wearing a tiara. 

TlBER (ti'ber), n. River in 
Italy. 

Tibet, Thibet (ti-bet'), n. 

Country in Central Asia, be- 
tween China and India. Pope Leo XIII. 

Tibetan, Thibetan (ti-bet'an or tib'et-an), 

1. a. Of or pertaining to 
Tibet. II. n. 1. Native 
or inhabitant of Tibet. 2. 
Language of Tibet. 

TIBIA (tib'i-a), n. [pi. TIB'- 
UE.] 1. Large shin-bone. 

2. Ancient kind of flute. 

3. Fourth joint of leg of an 
insect. [L.] 

TIBIAL (tib'i-al), I. o. Of 
or pertaining to the tibia. 
II. n. 1. A muscle or ar- 
tery, etc., connected with 
the tibia. 2. Fifth joint 





of a 



Tibetan. 
spider's leg. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



TIC 



1121 



TIDE-WAITER 




TIC (tik), n. Convulsive twitching of certain 

muscles, especially of the face. [Fr.] 
TIC-DOULOTTREUX (tik-do-lo-ru'), n. Neu- 
ralgia of the face, sometimes accompanied 

with muscular twitchings. [Fr.] 
TICK (tik), n. Any of various large mites 

which are 

external 

parasite s 

of man, 

horses, 

cattle, 

birds, etc. 

[Dut. teek.] 
TICK (tik), 

v, [pr.p, 

TICKING; 

p.t.andp.p. 

TICKED 

(tikt).]I.«i. 

Make a 

small, quick 

noise; beat, 

as a watch. 

n. vu i. 

Set a dot 
against; 
check off. 
2. Mark by 
regular 
clicking. 
[Imitative.] 

TICK (tik), n. 

1. Slight, sharp sound, such as that of a 
going watch or clock, or of a ticker. 2. Small 
mark intended to direct attention to some- 
thing, or to act as a check. 3. Gentle touch. 

TICK (tik), n. 1. Cover or case for holding the 
filling of mattresses and beds. 2. Ticking. 
[L..L. teca — L. theca, case.] 

TICK (tik), n. 1. Credit; trust. 2. Score; ac- 
count. [Contraction of TICKET.] 

TICK (tik), vi. [pr.p. TICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
TICKED (tikt).] 1. Buy on trust or credit. 2. 
Give credit, trust, or tick. 

TICKEN (tik'n), n. Same as TICKING. 

TICKER (tik'gr), n. 1. A watch. 2. Stock in- 
dicator. 3. Intermittent oscillating vibrator 
in a telephone. 4. Telegraphic receiving In- 
strument. 

TICKET (tik'et), n. 1. Small piece of paper, 
cardboard, or the like, with something written 
or printed on it, and serving as a notice, ac- 
knowledgment, etc. 2. Certificate of right to 
enter or participate. 3. A merchant's bill or 
account; hence the old phrase, to take goods on 
ticket (now abbreviated into tick) . 4. Label or 
tag. 5. Printed list of candidates for use at an 
election; hence the candidates or side of a par- 
ticular party. — The ticket, the right or correct 
thing. — Ticket-of -leave, conditional and par- 
tial freedom granted to a convict. [O. Fr. 
estiquette (Fr. etiquette) — root of STICK.] 



Ticks. 
1. Horse tick (Hippobosca equina). 2. Sheep 
tick (llelophagus ovinus). 3. Bird tick (Orni- 
thomyia). 4. Bat tick (Nycteribia). 5. Cattle 
tick (Ixodes bovis). 6. Spiderfly (Chionea 
Volga). 



BoU 



Plant of 



TICKET (tik'et), vt. [pr.p. TICK'ETING; p.t. 
and p.p. TICKETED.] 1. Affix a ticket to. 2. 
Furnish with a ticket. 

TICKING (tik'ing), n. Closely woven cotton or 
linen fabric, usually striped, used for bedticks, 
awnings, etc. 

TICKLE (tik'l), v. [pr.p. TICK 'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. TICKLED (tik'ld).] I. vt. 1. Touch lightly 
and cause to laugh. 2. Gratify. II. vi. 1. 
Feel tltillation. 2. Excite or produce the sen- 
sation of tltillation. [Cf. L. Ger. ketteln.] 

TICKLER (tik'ler), n. 1. One who or that which 
tickles. 2. Memorandum book in a register's 
office or bank. 

TICKLISH (tik'lish), a. 1. Easily tickled; easily 
affected. 2. Nice; dubious; difficult; critical. 

TICKLISHNESS (tik'lish-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being ticklish. 

TICKSEED (tik'sed), n. 
the genus Coreopsis. 
2. Plant of the ge- 
nus Corispermum. 

TICK-TACK (tik'tak), 
n. 1. A pulsating 
sound, like that of a 
watch. 2. A device 
for tapping at a door 
or window from a 
distance, by pulling 
a string. 

TICK-TOCK (tik'tok),kv 
n. The slow tick-HX^ 
ing of a tall clock. ^ 
(Colloq.) 

TIDAL (ti'dal), a. Per- 
taining to tides ; flow- 
ing and ebbing pe- 
riodically. — Tidal 
air, the air which 




Hoary Tickseed. 



passes in and out of the human lungs in res- 
piration, about 25 cubic inches at each 
breathing. — Tidal wave, tide-wave. 

TIDBIT (tid'bit), n. Delicate morsel. 

TIDE (tid), n. 1. Time; season. 2. Regular 
rising and falling of the sea. 3. Course; 
current; stream. [A. S. tid, time.] 

TIDE (tid), v. [pr.p. TIDING; p.t. and p.p. TI - 
DED.] I. vt. Drive with the stream. II. vi. 
Work in or out of a river or harbor with the 
tide. — Tide over, carry through or over. 

TIDE-GATE (tid'gat), n. Gate used to retain the 
water when the ebb sets in. 

TIDE-GAUGE (tld'gaj), n. Instrument for reg- 
istering the state of the tide continuously. 

TIDELESS (tid'les), a. Having no tides. 

TIDEMILL (tid'mil), n. 1. Mill moved by tide- 
water. 2. Mill for clearing lands of tide-water. 

TIDE-RODE (tid'rod), a. Naut. Applied to a 
vessel riding at anchor, with the head to tide, 
not to wind. 

TIDE-WAITER (tid'wat-er), n. Customhouse 
officer whose duty is to board and direct in- 
coming vessels. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. 



TIDE-WAVE 



1123 



TILE 



TIDE- WAVE (tfd'wav), n. Great wave which 
follows the apparent motion of the moon. 

TIDE- WAT (tid'wa), n. Way or channel In 
which the tide sets. 

TIDILY (ti'di-li), adv. In a tidy manner. 

TIDINESS (ti'di-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tidy. 

TIDINGS (ti'dingz), n.pl. News. [A. S. tldan, 
happen. Cf. Ger. zeitung.] 

SYN. Intelligence; information; advices. 

TIDY (ti'di), I. a. [comp. TIDIER; superl. 
TI'DIEST.] Neat; in good order. II. n. 
[pi. TIDIES (ti'diz).] Cover for chairs; child's 
pinafore, etc. [A. S. tld, time.] 

TIDY (ti'di), v. [pr.p. TIDYING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIDIED (ti'did).] I. vt. Make neat or tidy. 
II. vi. Arrange things in a neat and proper 
order. 

TIE (ti), n. 1. Knot, especially one made by 
looping or binding with a cord, ribbon or the 
like. 2. Obligation, legal or moral; bond. 3. 
Necktie. 4. Equality of numbers, as of votes, 
or of "points" in a game. 5. Music. Curved 
line drawn over two or more notes on the 
same degree of the stave, signifying that the 
second note is not to be sounded separately, 
but is to sustain the first. 6. Sleeper for sup- 
porting rails of a railroad. 7. Low shoe, fast- 
ened with lacing. [A. S. tlge, rope.] 

TIE (ti), v. [pr.p. TYING; p.t. and p.p. TEED 
(tld).] I. vt. 1. Fasten with a cord, rope, 
etc.; bind with a cord or the like. 2. Knot. 
3. Bind or unite closely. 4. Limit or bind 
by authority or influence; restrict; constrain. 
5. Make the same score as; cause to score 
equally. 6. Music. Unite or bind, as notes, 
by a tie. II. vi. Make a tie with another or 
others in a contest; score equally. 

TIE-BEAM (ti'bem), n. Horizontal timber hold- 
ing together two rafters to prevent over-pres- 
sure against the walls. 

TIENTSIN (te-en'tsen), n. City, river port, China 
on the Peiho. 

TIER (ter), n. Rank; one of several rows placed 
one above another. [Of doubtful origin.] 

TIER (ter), v. [pr.p. TIERING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIERED (terd).] I. vt. Pile or build up in tiers. 
II. vi. Rise in tiers. 

TIER (ti'er), n. One who or that which ties. 

TIERCE (ters), n. 1. Cask containing one-third 
of a pipe, that is forty-two gallons. 2. Cask, 
as of sugar or rice, intermediate between a 
barrel and a hogshead. 3. Sequence of three 
cards of the same color. 4. Third in mu- 
sic. 5. Thrust in fencing. [Fr. — L. tertia 
(pars), third (part).] 

TIER-SAW (ter'sa), n. Stiff saw used for sawing 
brick. 

TIFF (tif), n. Fit of peevishness; slight quarrel. 

TIFFANY (tif'a-ni), n. Kind of thin silk gauze. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

TIFFIN (tif'in), n. Luncheon. [Anglo-Indian. 1 

TlFLIS (tif-les'), w. Capital of government of 




same name, Caucasus, Russia, on the Kur 
River. 

TIGER (ti'ger), n. [fern. TI'GRESS.] 1. Fierce an- 
imal of the 
cat kind, 
nearly as 
large as a 
lion. 2. 
Roar af- 
ter three 
cheers. 3. 
F i e r c e 

b 1 o o d I Bengal Ti s er - 

thirsty person. 4. Swaggerer; bully. [Fr. t igre 
— L. tigris — Gr. tigris.] 

TIGERISH (ti'ger-ish), TIGRISH (tigrish), a. 
Resembling or characteristic of a tiger; fierce; 
bloodthirsty. 

TIGER-LILY (ti'ger-lil-1), n. [pZ.TI'GER-LDLIES.] 
Large cultivated lily (Iuilium tigrinum) , having 
sepals blotched with black, scarlet, or purple. 
It is a native of China. 

TIGHT (tit), a. [comp. TIGHTER; superl. 
TIGHTEST.] 1. Close; compact. 2. Not 
leaky. 3. Fitting closely. 4. Not loose; taut. 
5. Stringent; scant, as money. 6. Drunk. 
(Slang.) [Akin to THICK. Cf. Ger. dicht, 
close.] 

TIGHTEN (tit'n), v. [pr.p. TIGHTENING; p.t. 
and p.p. TIGHTENED (tit'nd).] I. vt. Make 
tight or tighter. II. vi. Become tight or 
tighter. 

TIGHTENER (tit'n-er), n. One who or that 
which tightens. 

TIGHTLY (tit'li), adv. In a tight manner. 

TIGHTNESS (tit'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being tight. 

TIGHT-ROPE (tit'rop), n. Rope tensely stretched 
on which an acrobat performs. 

TIGHTS (tits), n.pl. Close-fitting garments, es- 
pecially for the legs; worn by actors, acrobats, 
etc. 

TIGRINE (ti'grin), a. Striped like a tiger. 

TIGRISH (ti'grish), a. Same as TIGERISH. 

TILBURY (tilber-i), n. Old-fashioned English 
gig. [Named from Tilbury, a London coach- 
builder, who invented it.] 

TILDE (til'de), n. Diacritic mark (~) placed 
over the letter n in Spanish to indicate that in 
pronunciation the following vowel is to be 
sounded as if a y had been affixed to it; as 
canon, pronounced can'yun. In the phonetic 
respelling of words in this dictionary the mark 
is placed over the letters e and u to indicate 
the short sound of those letters modified by r, 
as her (her), fur (fur). 

TILE (til), n. 1. Piece of baked clay used for 
covering roofs, floors, etc. 2. Small flat square 
of marble, etc., for flooring or the like. 3. 
Earthenware drain-pipe or sewer-pipe. 4. 
Silk hat. (Colloq.) [A. S. tigel — L, tegula — 
tego, cover.] 

TILE (til), vt. [pr.p. TI'LING; p.t. and p.p. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



TILEFISH 



1133 



TIM1ST 



TILED (tild).l 1. Cover with tiles, or as with 
tiles. 2. Lay tiles in, as for drainage; drain 
by tiles. 3. Guard by means of a tiler. 

TILEFISH (til'fish), n. Deep-water fish, Lophol- 
atilus chamceleonticeps, of the North Atlantic 
ocean. Until rediscovered in large numbers 
off the coast of Massachusetts the species was 
for several years supposed to be extinct. [From 
-tilus, the last two syllables of the generic 
name.] 

TILER (trier), n. 1. One whose business is to 
lay tiles for drains, etc., or to tile roofs. 2. 
Keeper of the door of a lodge, as in Free- 
masonry; tyler. 

TILERY (ti'ler-i), n. [pi. TI'LERIES.] Place 
where tiles are made. 

TILING (tiling), n. 1. Roof of tiles. 2. Opera- 
tion of putting on tiles. 3. Tiles collectively. 

TILL (til), n. Money-drawer in a desk or counter. 
[A. S. tyllan, in for-tyllan, draw aside.] 

TILL (til), I. prep. To the time of. II. conj. 1. 
To the time when. 2. To the degree that. 
[A. S. til — root of Ger. ziel, aim.] 

TILL (til), vt. [pr.p. TILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TILLED (tild).] Prepare (the ground) to re- 
ceive the seed; cultivate. [A. S. tilian, aim.] 

TILLABLE (til'a-bl), a. Fit for the plow. 

TILLAGE (til'aj), n. 1. Act or practice of tilling; 
husbandry. 2. Place tilled. 

SYN, Agriculture; cultivation; culture. 

TILLER (til'er), n. One who tills; husbandman. 

TILLER (til'er), n. 1. Lever for turning a rudder. 
2. Money-drawer; till. [A. S. tyllan in for- 
tyllan, lead aside.] 

TILLER (til'er), n. A shoot from the root or the 
bottom of the stalk of a plant. [A. S. telgor, 
twig.] 

T1LMUS (til'mus), n. Pathol. A delirious pick- 
ing at the bedclothes by a patient, an alarming 
symptom in acute diseases. [Gr. tilmos, pluck- 
ing.] 

TILT (tilt), n. Canvas covering of a boat. [A. S. 
teld — teldan, cover; cf. Ger. zelt.] 

TILT (tilt), vt. [pr.p. TILTING; p.t. and p.p. 
TILT'ED.] Cover with an awning. 

TILT (tilt), n. 1. Thrust. 2. In the middle ages, 
an exercise in which combatants rode against 
each other with lances. 3. Inclination for- 
ward. — Full tilt, straight and with full force. 

TILTER (tilt'er), n. One who tilts. 

TILTH (tilth), n. Cultivation. 

TILT-HAMMER (tilt'ham-er), n. Heavy ham- 
mer lifted by means of cogs on a wheel, used 
for light forging. 

TIMBAL (tim'bal), n. Kettledrum. [Fr. timbale.] 

TIMBER (timber),' n. 1. Wood for building 
purposes. 2. Trunk of a tree. 3. Standing 
trees; woods. [A. S. timber, wood. Cf. Ger. 
zimmer.] 

TIMBER (tim'ber), vt. [pr.p. TIM'BERING ; p.t. 
and p.p. TIMBERED (tim'berd).] 1. Furnish 
or construct with timber. 2. Support with 
timber. 



TIMBERED (tim'berd), a. 1. Covered with 
growing timber; wooded. 2. Constructed of 
timber. 

TIMBRE (tim'ber), n. Tone or character of a 
musical sound. [Fr.] 

TIMBREL (tim'brel), n. Ancient musical instru- 
ment like a tambourine. 

TlMBUCTOO (tim-buk-to), n. Town, Soudan, 
on border of the Sahara. 

TIME (tim), n. 1. System of fixing an event by 
reference to an earlier, later or accompanying, 
other event. 2. Duration; period; era; age. 

3. Days, hours, minutes, etc., at one's dis- 
posal. 4. Season; proper moment or period. 
5. Musical measure. 6. Condition of the 
world's affairs. 7. Recurrent instance; rep- 
etition; often used adverbially, as in many a 
time, or six times six, 8. Period of service, 
imprisonment, etc. — At times, occasionally. — ■ 
In time, time enough, in good season; suffi- 
ciently early. — Time being, present time. 
[A. S. tima.] 

SYN. Time is the general word; season 
a given portion of time; date point of time; 
epoch and era periods distinguished in some 
way; age the period included in certain lives. 
TIME (tim), vt. [pr.p. TIMING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIMED (timd).] 1. Do at the proper season. 
2. Regulate as to time. 3. Music. Measure. 

4. Note the time of. 
TIME-DETECTOR (tim'de-tekt-ur), n. Device 

for recording the time at which a watchman 
may be present at his post at proper intervals. 

TIME-HONORED (tim'on-urd), a. Venerable 
on account of antiquity. 

TIMEKEEPER (tim'kep-er), n. 1. Clock, 
watch, or the like for marking time. 2. One 
who keeps the time of workmen. 

TIMELINESS (tim'li-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being timely. 

TIMELY (tim'li), I. a. In good season. II. adv. 
Early; soon. 

TIMEPIECE (tim'pes), n. Watch; clock. 

TIME-SERVER (tim'serv-er), n. One who 
meanly suits his opinions to the wishes of 
those in power. 

TIME-TABLE (tim'ta-bl), n. List showing the 
times at which railway trains, ferry-boats, etc., 
arrive and depart, etc. 

TIME WORN (tim' worn), a. Decayed by time. 

TIMID (tim'id), a. Wanting courage; easily 
frightened. [L. timidus — timco, fear.] 

SYN. Afraid; cowardly; faint-hearted; 
fearful; timorous; shrinking; shy; pusillani- 
mous. ANT. Bold; confident; venturesome; 
rash; audacious. 

TIMIDITY (ti-mid'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being timid. 

TIMIDLY (tim'id -li), adv. In a timid manner. 

TIMIDNESS (tim'id-nes), n. Same as TIMIDITY. 

TIMIST (ti'mist), n. Musical performer, con- 
sidered as to his power to observe rhythm and 
meter. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TIMOCRACT 



1124 



TIP 



TIMOCRACY (tl-mok'ra-si), n. [pi. TIMOC'EA- 
CIES.J Form of government, in which a cer- 
tain amount of property is required as a 
qualification for office. [Gr. timoJcratia — time, 
honor, and Jcrateo, rule.] 

TIMOROUS (tim'ur-us), a. 1. Timid. 2. In- 
dicating fear. 

TIMOROUSLY (tim'ur-us-li), adv. In a timorous 
manner. 

TIMOROUSNESS (tim'ur-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being timorous. 

TIMOTHY (tim'o-thi), n. Valuable fodder-grass 
(Phleum pratense). 

TIN (tin), I. n. 1. Silvery-white, non-elastic, 
easily fusible and malleable metal. 2. Can or 
pot made of tin or iron covered with tin. II. 
a. Made of tin. [A. S.l 

TIN (tin), vt. [pr.p. TINNING; p.t. and p.p. 
TINNED (tind).] 1. Cover or overlay with tin; 
coat with tin. 2. Put up in a tin case or can. 

TINCTORIAL (tingk-to'ri-al), a. Imparting or 
producing color. 

TINCTURE (tingk'tur), n. 1. Tinge or shade 
of color; tint. 2. Slight fla- 
vor or taste added to any- 
thing. 3. Solution of any 
substance in or by means of 
spirit of wine. 4. Heraldry. 
One of the devices used to 
represent colors, metals and 
furs. See cut. [L. tinctura — 
root of TINGE.] 

TINCUP (tin'kup), n. Drink- 
ing cup made of tin. 

TINDER (tin'der), n. Any- 
thing used for kindling fire 
from a spark, especially 
charred linen. [A. S. tynder 
— Ger. sunder.] 

TINDER Y( tin'der-i), a. Like 
tinder; easily inflamed. 

TINE (tin), n. Spike or prong of a fork or harrow, 
etc. [Ice. tindr, tooth.] 

TINED (tind), a. Furnished with spikes or tines. 

TINFOIL (tin'foil), n. Tin in thin leaves, used 
to keep drugs, candy, etc., from moisture or 
the air. 

TINFOIL (tin'foil), vt. [pr.p. TIN 'FOILING; p.t. 
and p.p. TINFOILED (tin'foild).] 1. Cover or 
coat with tinfoil. 2. Wrap in tinfoil. 

TING (ting), n. Tinkling sound, as from the tap 
of a small bell. 

TING-A-LING (ting'a-ling), n. Sound made by 
a small bell ringing. 

TINGE (tinj), vt. [pr.p. TINGE'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TINGED (tinjd).] 1. Tint or color. 2. Give 
in some degree the qualities of a substance to. 
3. Give a taste or flavor to. [L. tingo, tinctum, 
dye.] 

TINGE (tinj), n. 1. Slight degree of color, shade, 
or hue infused into another color. 2. Smack. 

TINGLE (ting'gl), vi. [pr.p. TIN'GLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TINGLED (ting'gld).] 1. Feel a thrilling 




^ 8 

Heraldic Tinctures. 

1. Purple. 2. Green. 3. 
Tawny. 4. Sable. S. 
Silver. 6. Gold. 7. Blue. 
8. Red. 



sensation or pain, as in hearing a shrill sound. 
2. Tinkle; jingle. [Imitative.] 

TINGLE (ting'gl), n. 1. Prickly or stinging 
sensation. 2. Tinkle. 

TINK (tingk), n. Tinkle; clink. [Imitative.] 

TINK (tingk), vi. [pr.p. TINK'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TINKED (tingkt).] Produce or emit a sharp, 
jingling sound. 

TINKER (tingk'er), n. 1. Mender of kettles, 
pans, etc. 2. Botcher. 3. Act of tinkering. 
[From TINK.] 

TINKER (tingk'er), v. [pr.p. TINKERING; p.t. 
and p.p. TINKERED (tingk'erd).] I. vt. Mend 
in a clumsy, awkward manner. II. vi. Work 
at tinkering. 

TINKLE (ting'kl), vi. [pr.p. TIN'KLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TINKLED (ting'kld).] Make small, sharp 
sounds; clink; jingle. [Imitative.] 

TINKLE (ting'kl), n. 1. Sharp, clinking sound. 
2. Jingling noise; tinkling. 

TINKLING (ting'kling), I. a. Giving out a suc- 
cession of slight, sharp, ringing sounds. II. n. 
Succession of sharp, ringing sounds, as of a 
small bell given repeated gentle taps. 

TINMAN (tin'man), n. Maker of, or dealer in, 
tinware. 

TINNED (tind), a. 1. Covered with tin. 2. 
Preserved in hermetically sealed tins. 

TINNER (tin'er), n. 1. One who works in a tin- 
shop or tin-mine. 2. Tinman. 

TINNITUS (tin-ni'tus), n. Pathol. A ringing in 
the ears. [L.] 

TIN-PLATE (tin'plat), n. Sheet-iron coated 
with tin. 

TINSEL (tin'sel), n. 1. Glittering, thin metal 
used as an ornament. 2. Anything showy but 
of little value. [Fr. vtincelle, spark — L. scin- 
tilla.] 

TINSEL (tin'sel), vt. [pr.p. TIN'SELING; p.t. 
and p.p. TINSELED (tin'seld).] Adorn with 
or as with tinsel. 

TINSMITH (tin'smith), n. Worker in tinplate; 
maker of tinware. 

TINT (tint), n. 1. Variety of a principal color, 
especially a more luminous, lighter one. 2, 
Engrav. A uniform shading by means of 
parallel lines. [From root of TINGE.] 

TINT (tint), vt. [pr.p. TINTING; p.t. and p.p. 
TINT'ED,] Give a slight coloring to. 

TINTER (tint'er), n. 1. Person who tints. 2. 
Tool or device for tinting. 

TINTINNABULATION (tin-tin-ab-u-la'shun), n. 
Tinkling sound. [L. tintinnabulum, bell — 
tintinnOf freq. of tinnio, ring.] 

TINTYPE (tin'tip), n. Photograph on a sensi- 
tized sheet of enameled iron; ferrotype. 

TINY (ti'ni), a. Very small. [Obs. teen, trouble 
— A. S, teona, and -y.] 

TIP (tip), a. Point; end; end-piece. [Cf. Dut. 
tip; Ger. zipfcl.] 

TIP (tip), vt. [pr.p. TIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIPPED (tipt).] 1. Furnish with a tip; as, 
to tip an arrow. 2. Form into a tip or point. 



rate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TIP 



1125 



TITLE-DEED 



TIP (tip), vt. [pr.p. TIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIPPED (tipt).] 1. Strike lightly; touch. 2. 
Lower one end of; cant; lean; tilt. 3. Furnish 
with private information. 4. Give a gra- 
tuity to. [Sw. tippa, tap.] 

TIP (tip), n. 1. Tap or light stroke. 2. Private 
hint or information. 3. Gratuity. 

TIPPET (tip'et), n. Cape or scarf for the neck. 
[A. S. tceppet.] 

TIPPLE (tip'l), v. [pr.p. TIP'PLING; p.t. and p.p. 
TIPPLED (tip'ld).] I. vt. Drink in small sips. 
II. vi. Drink strong liquors habitually. [Norw. 
tipla.] 



In a tipsy manner. 

n. Quality or state of 



1. 



Staff tipped with 
2. Officer who 



TIPSILY (tip'si-li), adv. 

TIPSINESS (tlp'si-nes), 
being tipsy. 

TIPSTAFF (tip'staf), n. 

metal; a constable's badge, 
carries it; constable. 

TIPSTER (tlp'ster), n. One who furnishes tips. 

TIPSY (tip'si), a. Partly intoxicated. [From 
stem of TIPPLE.] 

TIP-TILTED (tlp'tilt-ed), a. Having the point 
turned up. 

TIPTOE (tip'to), I. n. End of the toe. II. adv. 
On tiptoe. 

TIPTOE (tip'to), vi. [pr.p. TIP'TOEING; p.t. and 
p.p. TIPTOED (tip'tod).] Walk on tiptoe. 

TIP-TOP (tip'top), a. First-rate. 

TlPULA (tip'u-la), n. Genus of large gnats, em- 
bracing over sev- 
enty North Amer- 
ican species. 

TIRADE (ti-rad') n. 
1. Strain of censure 
or reproof. 2. Ram- 
bling dissertation. 
3. Music. The fill- 
ing of an interval 
by the intermediate Tipula Gnat. 

diatonic notes. [Fr. tirer, draw.] 

TIRE (tir), n. Hoop or band around a wheel. — 
Pneumatic tire, tire made of a rubber tube, in- 
flated with compressed air. [From TIE.] 

TIRE (tir), v. [pr.p. TIRING; p.*. and p.p. TIRED 
(tird).] I. vt. 1. Harass; vex. 2. Exhaust the 
strength of; weary. II. vi. Become weary. 
[A. S. teorian, be tired.] 

TIRED (tird), a. Wearied. 

TIRELESS (tir'les), a. Without a tire, as a 
wheel. 

TIRELESS (tir les), a. Not becoming tired; un- 
wearying; untiring. 

TIRESOME (tir'sum), a. That tires; fatiguing. 

TIRESOMRLT (tir'sum-li), adv. In a tiresome 
manner. 

TIRESOMENESS (tir'sum-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tiresome. 

TISSUE (tish'6), n. 1. Distinct structure of body 
cells and fibers. 2. Any textile fibers oi which 
goods are composed. 3. Connected series. — 
Tissue paper, very thin, gauze-like paper. 
[Fr. tissu, properly p.p. of tisser, weave.] 




TIT (tit), n. Teat; nipple. [A. S.] 
TIT (tit), n. Titmouse; one of various small birds. 
[Ice. tittr, twittering little bird.] 

Titan (trtan), Titanic (ti-tan'ik), a. 1. Re- 
lating to the Titans, giants of mythology. 2. 
[t-] Enormous in size or strength. 

TITANIUM (ti-ta'ni-um), n. A metal not found 
native, but present in many iron ores. [Gr. 
titanos, lime.] 

TlTANS (ti'tanz), n.pl. Greek Myth. Children 
of Uranus and Gaea (Heaven and Earth); 
cast into Tartarus by Zeus; guarded by the 
hundred armed giants. 

TITBIT (titbit), n. Choice morsel; tidbit. 

TIT-FOR-TAT (tit' fur-tat'). Blow for blow. 
[Originally TIP-FOR-TAP.] 

TITHABLE (ti'tfea-bl), a. Assessable for tithes, 
as property or persons. 

TITHE (tlffe), n. 1. Tenth part; specifically, a 
tenth of the annual produce of one's industry, 
or of wealth obtained from any source, given 
voluntarily or exacted by law, for tbe support 
of divine worship. 2. Very small part in pro- 
portion. [A. S. teotha — teon, ten.] 

TITHE (ti*fe), vt. [pr.p. TI'THING; p.t. and p.p. 
TITHED (tiffrd).] 1. Exact tithes from. 2. 
Pay tithes on. 

TITHER (ti'ffrer), n. One who collects tithes. 

TITHING (tiding), n. Old Saxon district con- 
taining ten householders, each responsible for 
the behavior of the rest. [See TITHE.] 

TITHONIC (ti-thon'ik), a. Pertaining to those 
rays of light which produce chemical action; 
actinic. [From Gr. Tithonos, the consort of 
Aurora, the deity of the morning red.] 

TITILLATE (tit'i-lat), vt. [pr.p. TIT'ILLATING; 
p.t. and p.p. TIT'ILLATED.] Cause a tickling 
sensation in; tickle. [L. titillatus, p.p. of titilo, 
tickle.] 

TITILLATION (tit-i-^'^n), n. Act of titilla- 
ting or state of beb ^tedt any slight 
pleasure or gratification. 

TITIVATE (tit'i-vat), vt. [pr.p. TIT'IVATING; 
p.t. and p.p. TIT'IVATED.] Dress up; spruce 
up. (Colloq.) 

TITLARK (tit'lark), n. Singing bird with a 
greenish back and head, found in marshes. 
[TIT and LARK.] 

TITLE (ti'tl), n. 1. Distinguishing name at- 
tached to a written or printed production. 
2. Name of distinction applied to a person on 
account of his rank, or out of respect or cour- 
tesy. 3. That which gives a just right to pos- 
session. 4. Document that proves a right. 5. 
Panel on the back of a book with the name of 
the book. [O. Fr. — L. titulus.] 

TITLE (ti'tl), vt. [pr.p. TI'TLING; p.t. and p.p. 
TITLED (ti'tld).] 1. Entitle; name. 2. Put a 
title on. 

TITLED (ti'tld), a. Having or bearing a title, 
especially one of nobility. 

TITLE-DEED (ti'tl-ded), n. Law. Instrument 
evidencing a person's right or title to property. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TITLE-PAGE 



1126 



TOBACCO-PIPE] 




Titmouse. 
Subject to titra- 



TITLE-PAGE (ti'tl-paj), n. Page of a book giving 
its title and usually the author's name. 

TITLE-ROLE (ti'tl-rol), n. Character or part 
in a play which gives its name to the play, as 
that of Hamlet in the play of that name. 

TITLING (tit'ling), n. Hedge-sparrow. 

TITMOUSE (tit'mows), n, [pi. TITMICE (tif- 
mis).] Small, active, 
perching bird, feeding 
on insects ; tomtit. 
[TIT, and A. S. mase. 
Cf. Ger. meise f small 
bird.] 

TITRATE (tit'rat), v. 
[pr.p.TIT RATING; p.t. 
and p.p. TIT'RATED.] I. vt. 
tion. II. vi. Practice titration. 

TITRATION (ti-tra'shun), n. Process of ascer- 
taining the quantity of an ingredient present in 
a mass by fixing the quantity of a liquid nec- 
essary to bring about a change, as of color. 

TIT-TAT-TO (tit-tat-to '), n. Child's game; 
criss-cross. 

TITTER (titer), vi. [pr.p. TIT'TERING; p.t. and 
p.p. TITTERED (tit'erd).] Laugh with the 
tongue striking the teeth; giggle. [Imitative.] 

TITTER (tit'er), n. Restrained laugh. 

TITTLE (tit'l), n. Small particle; lota. [Dim. of 
TIT.] 

TITTLE-TATTLE (tu'l-tat-1), n. Idle talk. 

TITTUP (tit'up), n. Gay prancing action. 

TITTY (tit'i), n. [pi. TITTIES (tit'iz).] 1. Teat; 
breast. 2. Nourishment from the breast. 
[Dim. of TIT.] 

TITULAR (tit'u-lar), I. a. 1. Existing in name 
only. 2. Having the title without the duties 
of an office. II. n. 1. One who holds a title. 
2. One whose name is used as a title; patron 
saint. [L. titulus, title.] 

TIVY (tiv'i), adv. With <^reat speed: a hunting- 
cry. [Contr. of TANTIVY.] 

TRESIS (tmesis), n. Separation of the parts of 
a compound word by an intervening word. 
[Gr. t emtio, cut.] **> 

TO (to), I. prep. 1. In 
the direction of; as far 
as; for; unto; compared 
with; against; in accord- 
ance with; in accompani- 
ment or connection with; 
concerning. 2. To con- 
nects verbs with their in- 
direct objects, and adjec-^ 
tives and nouns with limit- 
ing nouns or pronouns. 
II. adv. 1. To a place in 
view. 2. Toward or into 
position. 

TOAD (tod), n. Amphibious 
reptile, like the frog. [A. S. 
tddie.] 

TOAD-FLAX (tod'flaks), w. 

Showy, pernicious plant of the genus Linaria. 




Toad-flax (Linaria 
vulgaris). 




Fly Amanita Death Cup 

(Amanita muscaria). {A. phalloiaes). 

Toadstools. 



TOADSTOOL (tod'stol), n. Name popularly ap- 
plied to any 
po i sonous 
kind of 
mushroom, 
the most poi- 
sonous being 
those of the 
genus Ama- 
nita, some of 
which so 
nearly re- 
semble the 
edible mush- 
room that 
they can be 
distinguished only by the whiteness of their gills. 

TOADY (tod'i), n. Mean hanger-on and flatter- 
er; sycophant. [From TOAD.] 

TOADY (tod'i), v. [pr.p. TOAD'YING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOADIED (tod'id).] I. vt. Play the toady 
or sycophant to. II. vi. Act the toady. 

TO-AND-FRO (to'and-fro), I. a. Forward and 
backward. II. n. 1. Motion alternating for- 
ward and backward. 2. Discussion. 

TOAST (tost), vt. [pr.p. TOAST'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOAST'ED.] 1. Dry and scorch at the 
fire. 2. Warm thoroughly. [O. Fr. toster.] 

TOAST (tost), n. Bread toasted. 

TOAST (tost), n. 1. Person or thing named 
whose health is to be drunk. 2. Sentiment 
spoken at such an occasion. 

TOAST (tost), v. [pr.p. TOAST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOAST'ED.] I. vt. Drink to the health, suc- 
cess, or honor of. II. vi. Give, propose, or 
drink a toast or 
toasts. 

TOASTER(tost'er), 
n. 1. One who 
toasts. 2. Device 
for toasting 
bread, cheese, 
etc. 

TOASTMASTER 
(tost'mas-ter), 
n. Presider at a banquet who announces the 
toasts. 

TOBACCO (to-bak'6), n. 
Narcotic plant (JVico- 
tiana tabacum), a native 
of America, or its dried 
leaves used for smoking, 
chewing, and in snuff. 
[Sp. tabaco — W. Ind. 
tabaco, tube or pipe in 
which the natives smoked 
the plant.] 

TOBACCONIST (to-bak'6- 
nist), n. One who sells 
or manufactures tobac- 
co. 

TOBACCO-PIPE (to-bak'6- 

pip), n. Any pipe used in smoking tobacco. 




Electric Toaster. 




Tobacco. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; ndte, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



TOBACCO-WORM 



1127 



TOKEN 




Toboggan. 



Slide 



TOBACCO-WORM (to-bak'6-wurm), n. Larva 
of a moth (Protoparce Carolina), which feeds 
on the leaves of the growing tobacco. 

TOBOGGAN (to-bog'an), n. Kind of sled used 
for sliding down In- 
clines covered with 
snow or Ice. [Am. 
Ind. odabogan, sled.] 

TOBOGGAN (to-bog'- 
an), vi. [pr.p. TO- 
BOGGANING; p.U 
and p.p. TOBOGGANED (to-bog'and). 
down hill on a toboggan. 

TOBOGGANING (to-bog'an-ing), n. Art or prac- 
tice of using toboggans. 

TOBOGGAN-SLIDE (to-bog'an-slid), n. Sloping 
way for coasting with toboggans. 

TOBY (to'bi), n. [pi. TO'BIES.] Mug in shape of 
a man with a three-cornered hat. [From the 
name Toby.] 

TOCOLOGY, TOKOLOGY (to-kol'o-ji), n. That 
part of medicine which treats of childbirth; 
obstetrics. [Gr. tokos, birth, and logos, science.] 

TOCSIN (tok'sln), n. Alarm bell. [O. Fr. toquer 
(Fr. toucher), touch, ring, and sein, sign, bell.] 

TODAY, TO-DAY (to-da'), I. n. The present 
day. II. adv. On this day. [TO and DAY.] 

TODDLE (tod'l), vi. [p.p. TOD'DLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TODDLED (tod'ld).] Walk with short, 
feeble steps, as a child. [By-form of TOTTER.] 

TODDLER (tod'ler), n. One who toddles. 

TODDY (tod'l), n. 1. Fermented juice of various 
palms of the East Indies. 2. Mixture of whis- 
key, sugar, and hot water. [Hind.] 

TO-DO (to-do') , n. Fuss; commotion. 

TOE (to), n. 1. One of the small terminal mem- 
bers of the foot. 2. Front of a hoof, foot or 
shoe. 3. Toe-like projection. [A. S. td.] 

TOE (to), v. [pr.p. TOEING; p.t. and p.p. TOED 
(tod).] I. vt. 1. Touch with the toes. 2. Fur- 
nish toes to; mend the toe of. II. vi. Place or 
move the toe in some particular direction. 

TOED (tod), a. 1. Having toes. 2. Fastened by 
nails driven in obliquely, 
as the edge of a board to 
the surface of another 
board. 

TOFFEE, TOFFY (tof'i), n. 
Same as TAFFY. 

TOG (tog), n. Garment; 
usually in plural. [Fr. 
togue — L. toga, robe.] 

TOG (tog), v. [pr.p. TOG'- 
GING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOGGED (togd).] I. vt. 
Put togs on; dress. II. 
vi. Dress one's self. 

TOGA (toga), n. Loose 
outer garment of the an- 
cient Roman citizen. [L. 
tego, cover.] 

TOGAED (to'gad), a. Wear- Roman Toga. 

ing a toga; hence, dignified; stately; classical. 





TOGETHER (tp-geffc'Sr), adv. 1. In the same 
place, time, or company. 2. In or into union. 
3. In concert. [A. S. togcedere — to, to, and 
gador, together.] 

TOGGERY (tog'er-i), n. Garments; clothes; 
articles of dress. (Colloq.) 

TOGGLE (tog'l), n. 1. Small wooden pin taper- 
ing towards both ends. 2. Toggle-joint. 
[Probably a dim. of TAG.] 

TOGGLE (tog'l), vt. [pr.p. TOG'GLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOGGLED (tog'ld).] Fasten or furnish 
with a toggle. 

TOGGLE-IRON (tog'1-I-urn), n. Movable blade 
near the point of a whaler's harpoon, serving 
instead of a fixed barb. 

TOGGLE-JOINT (tog'l-joint), n. Elbow or knee- 
joint, consisting of two bars so connected that 
they may be brought into a straight line, and 
made to produce great endwise pressure. 

Togo (to'go) 

LAND. Ger- 
man posses- 
sion, W. Af- 
rica, Slave 
Coast. Chief Toggle-joint. 

port, Lome. Area 33,000 sq. m. 

TOIL (toil), n. Net; snare. [Fr. toile, web — L. 
tela — texo, weave.] 

TOIL (toil), vi. [pr.p. TOIL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOILED (tolld).] Labor; work with fatigue. 
[O. Fr. toiler, entangle — toile, web, snare.] 

TOIL (toil), n. Fatiguing labor. 

TOILER (toller), n. One who toils. 

TOILET, TOILETTE (toilet), n. 1. Dressing- 
table. 2. Mode or operation of dressing. 3. 
Dress and make-up. 4. Toilet-room. [Fr. 
toilette, dim. of toile, cloth.] 

TOILET-PAPER (toi'let-pa-per), n. Paper de- 
signed for use in a toilet-room. 

TOILET-POWDER (toi'let-pow-der), n. Anti- 
septic powder for sprinkling over the skin after 
bathing. 

TOILET-ROOM (toi'let-rom), n. Dressing room, 
usually including a lavatory and water-closet. 

TOILLESS (tollies), a. Free from toll. 

TOILSOME (toll'sum) , a. Bringing fatigue ; wear- 
isome. 

TOILSOMELY (toil'sum-li), adv. In a toilsome 
manner. 

TOILSOMENESS (toil'sum-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being toilsome. 

TOISE (toiz), n. Old French measure of length, 
= 6.39 English feet. 

TOISON (toi'zun), n. Fleece of a sheep. [Fr. — 
L. tonsus, shorn.] 

TOKAY (to-ka/), n. Rich, aromatic wine pro- 
duced at Tokay, Hungary. 

TOKEN (to'kn), n. 1. Something representing 
a thing or event; sign. 2. Memorial of friend- 
ship or love. — Token money, piece of money not 
coined by authority but current by sufferance; 
current coin that is not a legal tender. [A. S. 
tdcen, sign — Ger. zeichen.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, £Aen f kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TOKIO 



1128 



TOMCOD 



TOKIO (to'ke-6), n. Seaport, capital of Japan, 
on S. E. coast of main Island. 

TOKOLOGY, n. See TOCOLOGY. 

TOLD (told), v. Past tense and past participle 
Of TELL. 

TOLE (tol), vi. Same as TOLL. 

TOLEDO (to-le'do; Sp. t6-la'ffeo), n. City in 
Spain, on the Tagus. 

TOLEDO (to-le'do), n. City, Ohio, on Maumee 
River. 

TOLERABLE (tol'er-a-bl), o. 1. That may be 
endured; bearable. 2. Moderately good; pass- 
able; Indifferent. 

TOLERABLENESS (tol'er-a-bl-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being tolerable. 

TOLERABLY (tol'er-a-bll), adv. 1. In a tolera- 
ble manner. 2. Moderately well; passably. 

TOLERANCE (tol'er-ans), n. The spirit of tol- 
eration for offensive persons or different opin- 
ions. 

TOLERANT (tol'er-ant), a. Indulgent; favoring 
toleration. 

TOLERATE (tol'er-at), vt. [pr.p. TOLERA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. TOLERATED.] Endure; 
allow by not hindering. [L. tollo, bear.] 

TOLERATION (tol-er-ashun), n. 1. Allowance 
of what is not approved. 2. Liberty given to a 
minority to hold and express their own political 
or religious opinions. 

TOLL (tol), n. 1. Tax for the liberty of passing 
over a bridge, selling goods in a market, etc. 
2. Portion of grain taken by a miller for grind- 
ing. [A. S. Akin to TELL, count.] 

TOLL (tol), v. [pr.p. TOLLING; p.U and p.p. 
TOLLED (told).] I. vt. 1. Cause to sound 
slowly and with strokes at intervals, as a bell 
to announce the death of a person or to give 
solemnity to a funeral. 2. Give notice of by 
slowly repeated sounds of a bell; as, to toll a 
funeral. II. vi. Give out slowly repeated 
sounds. [A. S. tyllan, draw, pull, in for-tyllan, 
draw aside.] 

TOLL (tol), n. Sounding of a bell with slow 
measured strokes. 

TOLL, TOLE (tol), vt. [pr.p. TOLL'LNG; p.t. and 
p.p. TOLLED (told).] Lure; attract; entice. 
[Etym. doubtful.] 

TOLL-BAIT (tolbat), n. Chopped bait thrown 
overboard to attract fish. 

TOLL-BRIDGE (tol'brlj), n. Bridge where toll 
Is charged for passing over it. 

TOLL-GATE (tol'gat), n. Gate across a road, to 
prevent passage without payment of toll. 

TOLLHOUSE (tol'hows), n. Blouse occupied by 
a receiver of tolls. 

TOLL-LINE (tol'lin), n. Telephony. Suburban 
cr long-distance line for the use of which toll 
is charged. 

TOLU (to-ld')j n. Balsam obtained from a tree 
near Tolu, TJ. S. Colombia. 

TOM (torn), n. Used in composition with the 
name of a small animal, a male, as in tom-cat, 
fotn-turkey. 




TOMAHAWK (tom'a-hak), n. Light war-hatchet 
of the N.<sjm 
Ameri can 

Indians, el- ~^ 

ther wielded Tomahawk 

or thrown. — Bury the tomahawk, make peace. 
— Dig up the tomahawk, go to war. [The 
Indian name slightly modified.] 

TOMAHAWK (tom'a-hak), vt. [pr.p. TOMA- 
HAWKING; p.t. and p.p. TOMAHAWKED 
(tom'a-hakt).] Cut or kill with a tomahawk. 

TOMATO (to-ma'to or to-ma'to), n. Plant of the 
nightshade family, native in S. America, cul- 
tivated for its fleshy fruit; love-apple. [Sp. 
from the native American.] 




IG-MA 

STAMENS 

ovary 

^CQROLLA 




Tomato Blossoms. 

1. Vertical section. 2. Ready to pollinate, partly opened bud. 3. 
Opened blossom. 4. Same as No. 3. with anthers removed. 



TOMB (torn), n 
a dead body 
Is placed. 2. 
Mausoleum; 
ce n otaph. 
— The Tomb, 
local name 
given to the 
meeting 
house of a 
secret so- 
ciety in Tale 
University, 



Vault in the earth, in which 




Tomb ("Skull and Bones" Society- 
Building. Yale University). 



built in imitation of a vault or tomb. — The 
Tombs, noted police prison of New York City, 
so called on account of Its massive architec- 
ture. [Fr. tonvbe — L. tumba — Gr. tymba, tym- 
bos, tomb. Allied to L. tumulus.] 

TOMBAC (tom'bak), n. An alloy of copper and 
zinc. [Malay tambaga, copper.] 

TOMBOLA (tom'bo-la) , n. Lottery in which fan- 
cy articles are the prizes. [It. tombolare, to 
tumble, fall.] 

TOMBOY (tom'boi), n. Wild, romping girl. 

TOMBSTONE (tomston), n. Stone erected over 
a tomb to preserve the memory of the dead. 

TOMCAT (tom'kat), n. Male cat, especially when 
grown. [TOM, a common male name, and 
CAT.] 

TOMCOD (tom'kod), n. Any of various species 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



T03IE 



1129 



TOOL 




Chinese Tomtom. 



of small fishes of the genus Microgadus, 
resembling the common codfish. 

TOME (torn), n. Volume; part of a book. [Gr. 
tomos — temno, cut.] 

TOMENTOSE (to-men'tos), a. Covered with 
matted or downy fine hairs. [L. tomentum, 
stuffing for pillows.] 

TOMFOOL (tom'fol),I. n. Trifling fellow. II. a. 
Absurd; nonsensical; ridiculous; trivial; silly. 

TOMFOOLERY (tom-foler-i), n. 1. Ridicu- 
lous behavior; foolish trifling; nonsense. 2. 
Absurd ornaments; silly trifles. 

TOMORROW, TO-MORROW (to-mor'o), I. n. 
The day after this. II. adv. On the morrow. 
[TO, prep, and MORROW.] 

TOMPION (tom'pi-un), n. 1. Lithographer's 
inking-pad. 2. Tampion. 

T03ITIT (tom'tit), n. Titmouse; wren. 

TOMTOM (tomtom), n. 1. Drum used by East 
Indians. 2. 
Gong. [Imita- 
tive.] 

T03ITOM (tom- 
tom), vi, [pr.p. 
TOM'TOM-j 
MING; p.t. and{ 
p.p. TOM 
T O M M E D 
(tom'tomd).] 
Reat the tom- 
tom; drum. 

TON (tun), n. Measure of weight=20 cwt.= 
2,240 lbs. avoirdupois (long ton), or 2,000 lbs. 
(short ton). [A. S. tunne, cask.] 

TON (tang), n. Fashion; style. See BON TON. 
[Fr.] 

TONAL (to'nal), a. Music. Of or pertaining to 
tones. 

TONALITY (to-nal'i-ti), n. 1. Music. Quality 
of tone. 2. Painting. Scheme of color. 

TONDO (ton'do), n. Plate commonly of deco- 
rated majolica, with a rim very wide in pro- 
portion to the center. [It. rotondo, round.] 

TONE (ton), n. 1. Character of a sound. 2. 
Musical sound. 3. Inflection of the voice. 4. 
Harmony of the colors of a painting. 5. Char- 
acter; style. 6. State of mind; mood. 7. 
Healthy state of the body. [L. tonus — Gr. 
tonos, sound — teino, stretch.] 

TONE (ton), vt. [pr.p. TO'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
TONED (tond).] 1. Utter with an affected 
tone. 2. Give tone or quality to. — Tone down, 
weaken; soften. — Tone up, strengthen. 

TONGS (tangz), n.pl. Instrument, consisting 
of two jointed pieces of metal, used for holding 
things, especially hot metals or coals; pair of 
tongs. [A. S. tange, tonge.] 

TONGUE (tung), n. 1. Fleshy organ in the 
mouth, used in tasting, swallowing, and 
speech. 2. Power of speech. 3. Speech; dis- 
course; language. 4. Anything like a tongue 
In shape, as the catch of a buckle, the pointer 
of a balance, a point of land. [A. S. tunge.] 



TONGUE (tung), v. [pr.p. TONGUING (tung'- 
ing); p.t. and p.p. TONGUED (tungd).] I. vt. 

I. Utter. 2. Chide. 3. Modulate by using the 
tongue. 4. Unite by tongue and groove, as 
boards. II. vi. 1. Talk. 2. Use the tongue in 
forming notes, as on the flute. 

TONGUED (tungd), a. Having a tongue. 

TONGUE-TIED (tung'tid), c. 1. Having an im- 
pediment in the speech as if the tongue were 
tied. 2. Unable to speak freely; compelled to 
keep silence. 

TONIC (ton'ik), I. a. 1. Relating to tones 2. 
Giving vigor to the system. II. n. Medicine 
which gives strength. — Tonic sol-fa, system of 
musical notation by which the sounds are rep- 
resented by letters, and time and accent by 
dashes and colons. 

TONICITY (to-nis'i-ti), n. State of healthy 
tension (partial contraction), as in muscles 
while at rest. 

TONIGHT, TO-NIGHT (to-nit), I. n. This night. 

II. adv. On this night. 

TONKA-BEAN (tong'ka-ben), n. Seed of a large 
tree (Coumarauna odorata) of Guiana, used 
for flavoring snuff; also the tree itself. 

TONNAGE (tun'aj), n. 1. Weight in tons of goods 
in a ship; cubical capacity of a ship. 2. Duty 
on ships, estimated per ton. 3. All the ships 
collectively. 

TONNEAU (ton-no'), n. 1. Rounded rear por- 
tion of an automobile. 2. Tub. [Fr„ tonneau, 
cask or tub.] 

TONOUS (to'nus), a. Abounding in tone- 

TONQUIN, TONKIN (ton-ken), w. French 
possession in Indo-China. Area 34,700 sq. m. 

TONSIL (ton'sil), n. One of the two almond- 
shaped glands at the root of the tongue. [L. 
tonsilla, stake, dim. of tonsa, oar.] 

TONSILITIS (ton-sil-i'tis), n. Inflammation of 
the tonsils. [TONSIL and -ITIS.] 

TONSILOTOMY (ton-sil-ot'o-ml), n. Operation 
of removing the tonsils, entirely or partly. 
[TONSIL, and Gr. tome, a cutting.] 

TONSORIAL (ton-so'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a 
barber, or to shearing. 

TONSURE (ton'shor), n. 1. Act of clipping the 
hair, or of shaving the head. 2. Shaven 
crown, worn by priests. [L. tonsura.] 

TONTINE (ton-ten') , n. Life-annuity increasing 
as the subscribers die. — Tontine policy, a 
policy of insurance guaranteeing distribution 
of benefits in accordance with the tontine 
principle. [From Tonti of Naples, the in- 
ventor. 

TONY (to'ni), a. Characterized by high tone or 
elegance; swell. 

TOO (to), adv. 1. More than enough; over. 3. 
Llkewisec [Same as TO, prep.] 

TOOK (tok), v. Past tense of TAKE. 

TOOL (tol), n. 1. Instrument or implement of 
manual operation, as hammer, chisel, drill, 
saw, etc., depending for its effect upon the 
strength and skill of the operator. 2. Person 






fate, fat, task, far- fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, £Aen, kh^cft, in Scotch loch. 



TOOL 



1130 



TOPPLE 




Teeth. 



Molar. 2. Canine. 
Bicuspid. 4. Incisor. 



used as an instrument by another. [A. S. tol.] 

TOOL (tol), vt. [pr.p. TOOLING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOOLED (told).] Shape or dress with a tool. 

TOOLING (tol'ing), n. 1. Work done with a 
tool or tools, esp. in dressing stone. 2. Book- 
binding. Ornamental gilding or embossing by 
heated tools upon the leather binding of books. 

TOOT (tot), v. [pr.p. TOOT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOOTED.] I. vt. Sound or blow, as a horn. 
II. v i. Sound a horn or make a similar noise. 
[Imitative.] 

TOOT (tot), n. Sound of a horn, whistle, etc.; 
blast. 

TOOTER (tot'er), n. One who toots. 

TOOTH (toth), n. [pi. TEETH (teth).] 1. One of 
the bony prominences in 
the jaws, used in biting 
and chewing. 2. Anything 
tooth-like; prong; cog. [A. 
S. toth.] 

TOOTHACHE (toth'ak), n. 
Pain in a tooth. 

TOOTHED (totht), a. Having 
teeth or tooth-like projec- 
tions. 

TOOTHPICK (toth'pik), n. Instrument for pick- 
ing out anything between the teeth. 

TOOTHSOME (toth'sum), a. Pleasant to the 
taste. 

TOP (top), n. 1. Highest part of anything. 2. 
Upper end or surface. 3. Highest rank; 
utmost degree. 4. Naut. Small platform at 
the head of the lower mast. [A. S.] 

TOP (top), v. [pr.p. TOPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOPPED (topt).] I. vt. 1. Cover on the top; 
tip. 2. Rise above; surpass; rise to the top of. 
3. Take off the top of. II. vi. Be eminent; 
rise above all others; tower. 

TOP (top), n. 1. Child's conical or circular toy 
having a central point on which it can be 
whirled round rapidly. 2. Ropemaker's conical 
implement, the grooves in which guide the 
strands to be twisted. [O. Dut. top.] 

TOPAZ (to'paz), n. Precious stone, generally 
yellowish. [Gr. topazos.] 

TOP-BOOT (top'bot), n. Boot with a high leg, 
often appearing as if folded 
over at the top. 

TOPCOAT (top'kot),n. Over- 
coat; outer coat. 

TOP-DRESSING (top'dres- 
ing), n. Manure laid on 
the surface of land. 

TOPE (top), vi. [pr.p. TO'- 
PING; p.t. and p.p. TOPED 
(topt).] Drink spirituous 
liquor frequently or to ex- 
cess. [Fr. toper, cover a 
wager — top, agreed.] 

TOPE (top), n. Buddhist 
dome-shaped monument 
or shrine common in In- Tope. 

dia and the southeast of Asia. [Anglo-Ind.] 




TOPEKA (to-pe'ka), n. Capital of Kansas, on 
Kansas River. 

TOPER (to'per), n. Hard drinker; drunkard; 
sot. [From TOPE, v.] 

TOPGALLANT (top-gal'ant), a. Naut. Ap- 
plied to the mast and sail next above the top- 
mast and topsail, and below the royal mast. 

TOP-HEAVY (top'hev-i), a. Having the upper 
part too heavy for the lower. 

TOPHET (to'fet), n. Place near Jerusalem, 
which, as the site of the revolting Moloch wor- 
ship, had been allowed to be used as a place of 
burning the refuse of the city, and from which 
a smoke was constantly rising. It was symbol- 
ical of the place of torment. 

TOPI, TOPEE (to-pe), n. Cork or pith hemlet, 
worn by soldiers. [Anglo-Ind.] 

TOPIARY (.td'pi-a-ri), a. Relating to trees and 
shrubbery cut Into fantastic shapes. [L. topi- 
arius — Gr. topos, place.] 

TOPIC (top'ik), n. Subject of discourse or argu- 
ment. [Gr. ta topika (the general principles of 
argument — topos, place), title of work by 
Aristotle.] 

TOPICAL (top'ik-al), a. 1. Pertaining to a place; 
local. 2. Relating to a topic or subject. 

TOPICALLY (top'ik-al-i), adv. With reference 
to a particular place or topic. 

TOPKNOT (top'not), n. 1. Knot or crest worn 
or growing on the head. 2. Small fish of the 
turbot kind. 

TOPLOFTY (top'laft-i), a. Pretentious; bom- 
bastic. (Colloq.) 

TOP3IAST (top'mast), n. Naut. Second mast, 
Immediately above the lower mast. 

TOPMOST (top'most), a. Highest; uppermost. 

TOPOGRAPHER (to-pog'ra-fer), n. One skilled 
in topography. 

TOPOGRAPHIC (top-o-graf'ik), TOPOGRAPH- 
ICAL (top-o-graf'lk-al), a. Pertaining to to- 
pography; descriptive of a place. 

TOPOGRAPHY (to-pog'ra-fi), n. 1. Detailed 
account of the superficial features of a tract of 
country. 2. Art of describing places. 3. The 
features of a locality. [Gr. topographia — topos, 
place, and grapho, describe.] 

TOPOLOGY (to-pol'o-ji), n. Method of asso- 
ciating ideas with places, to assist the mem- 
ory. [Gr. topos, place, and logos, word.] 

TOPONOMY (to-pon'o-mi), n. Local names In a 
district or country. [Gr. topos, place, and 
onoma, name.] 

TOPOPHONE (top'o-fon), n. Instrument for 
ascertaining the direction from which a sound 
proceeds. [Gr. topos, place, and phone, sound.] 

TOPPING (toping), I. n. 1. Act of one who 
tops. 2. Upper part. 3. Cut-off top. II. a. 1. 
Overtopping; distinguished. 2. Pretentious; 
arrogant. 

TOPPLE (topi), v. [pr.p. TOPPLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOPPLED (top'ld).] I. vt. Throw down 
or over; overturn. II. vi. Fall over or for- 
ward; tumble down. [From TOP.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



TOPSAIL 



1131 



TORSO 




Toran. 



TOPSAIL (top'sal), n. Naut. Sail across the 
topmast, next above the lowest sail. 

TOPSYTURVY (top-si-tiir'vi), adv. Bottom 
upwards; upside down. [Origin doubtful.] 

TOQUE (tok), n. Cap; bonnet. [Wei. toe, hat.] 

TORA (to'ra), n. Large North African antelope 
(Bubalis tora), related to the hartbeest. 

TORAN (to'ran), n. Gateway to a Buddhist 
temple, consisting of two 
pillars and two or three cross- 
pieces. [Hind.] 

TORCH (tarch), n. Light 
formed of twisted tow dipped 
in pitch, wax or the like; 
flambeau. [Fr. torche — L. 
tortum, p.p. of torqueo, 
twist.] 

TORCH-FISH (tarch'fish), n. 

Deep-sea fish (Linophryne lucifer), having a 
luminous torch-like bulb on the first dorsal 
spine, protruding above the eyes. 

TORCHLIGHT (tarch'IIt), I. n. Light of a torch 
or torches. II. a. Characterized by, or carry- 
ing, lighted torches. 

TORCHON (tar-shang'), n. Dish-cloth. [Fr.] 

TORCHON-LACE (tar'shon-las), n. Lace of 
loose texture and geometrical design, usually 
machine-made. [Fr. torchon.] 

TORCHON-PAPER (tar'shon-pa-per), n. Rough- 
faced paper used by artists and picture- 
framers. [Fr. papier torchon.] 

TORE (tor), v. Past tense of TEAR. 

TOREADOR (to-ra-a-dor'), ft. Bullfighter. [Sp. 
— L. taurus, bull.] 

TOREUTIC (to-ro'tik), a. Resembling, or per- 
taining to, relief work, in Ivory or metal; em- 
bossed. [Gr. toreutikos — toreuo, emboss.] 

TORMENT (tar'ment), n. 1. Torture; anguish. 
2. That which causes pain. [L. tormentum — 
torqueo, twist.] 

TORMENT (tar-ment), vt. [pr.p. TORMENT'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TORMENTED.] 1. Torture; 
put to extreme pain, physical or mental. 2. 
Afflict. 3. Vex. 

TORMENTINGLY (tar-ment'lng-li), adv. In a 
tormenting manner. 

TORMENTOR (tar-ment'ur), n. One who or 
that which torments. 

TORN (torn), v. Past participle of TEAR. 

TORNADO (tar-na'do), n. Violent hurricane, 
frequent in tropical countries; small cyclone. 
[Sp. tornada — tornar, turn.] 

TORONTO (to-ron't6), n. Capital of the province 
of Ontario, Canada. 

TOROSE (to'ros), TOROUS (torus), a. Bulg- 
ing; swelling; muscular. [L. torus, swelling.] 

TOROSITY (to-ros'i-ti), n. Muscular strength. 

TORPEDO (tar-pe'do), n. [pi. TORPEDOES (tar- 
pe'doz).] 1. Species of eel having the power 
of giving an electric shock; crampflsh. 2. 
Submarine apparatus for destroying shipping 
by explosion. 3. Any detonating cartridge or 
pellet. [L. torpeo, be torpid.] 



TORPEDO-BOAT (tar-pe'do-bot), n. High speed 
steam vessel designed for launching torpedoes. 




Torpedo-boat. 



Naval officer 




TORPEDOIST (tar-pe'do-lst), n. 

appointed to torpedo service. 
TORPEDO-TUBE (tar-pedo-tub), n. Tube from 

which a 

torpedo Is 

fired by 

compressed 

air. 
TORPES- 

C E N C E 

(tar-pes'- 

ens) , n. 

Quality or 

state of be- 
ing torpes- m 

cent. Torpedo-tube. 

TORPESCENT (tar-pes'ent), a. Becoming torpid 
or numb. 

TORPID (tar'pid), a. 1. Having lost power of 
motion and feeling. 2. Sluggish. [L. torpidus 
— torpeo, be numb or torpid.] 

TORPIDITY (tar-pid'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being torpid. 

TORPIDLY (tar'pid-li), adv. In a torpid manner. 

TORPIDNESS (tar'pid-nes), n. Same as TOR- 
PIDITY. 

TORPOR (tar'ptir), n. 1. Numbness. 2. In- 
activity. 

TORQUE (tark), n. 1. Necklace of metal rings 
interlaced. 2. The extra power required in a 
dynamo to overcome the counterforce of the 
magnetism set up by the current in the revolv- 
ing armature. 3. The extra power similarly 
required in an electric motor. [L. torques — 
torqueo, twist.] 

TORREFY (tor'e-fi), vt. [pr.p. TOR'REFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. TORREFIED (tor'e-fid).] Scorch; 
parch. [L. torreo, dry, burn.] 

TORRENT (tor'ent), n. Rushing stream. [L. 
torrens.] 

TORRID (tor'id), a. 1. Parching; violently hot. 
2. Dried with heat. — Torrid zone, hot belt of 
the earth, included between the two tropics. 
[L. torridus — torreo, parch.] 

TORSION (tar'shun), n. 1. Twisting; turning. 2. 
Force with which a thread or wire tends to re- 
turn when twisted. [L. torsio — torqueo, twist.] 

TORSIONAL (tar'shun-al), a. Pertaining to, or 
consisting in, torsion. 

TORSO (tar'so), n. [pi. TORSOS (tar'soz).] Sculpt. 
Trunk of a statue without head or limbs. [It. — 
L. thyrsus, stalk.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TORT 



1132 



TOUCH-BACK 




TORT (tart) , n. Law. Injury; civil wrong. [Fr. — 
L.L. tortum, crooked — L. tortus, p.p. of torqueo, 
twist.] 

TORTILE (tar'til), a. Twisted; coiled. [L. tor- 
Hlis.] 

TORTILLA (tar-te'lya), n. Round, thin cake, 
made from maize, a substitute for bread in 
Mexico. [Sp.] 

TORTIOUS (tar'shus), a. Law. Of the nature 
of a tort; wrongful. 

TORTOISE (tar'tis), n. Amphibious reptile en- 
cased be- 
tween two 
strong shells. 
[O. Fr. tortis 
— L. tortus, 
twisted.] 

TORTOISE- 
SHELL (tar'- Chicken Tortoise. 
tis-shel), I. n. Shell or horny plates of the 
tortoise, used in various manufactures. II. a. 
Made of, resembling, or of the color of, tortoise- 
shell. 

TORTUOSITY (tar-tu-os'i-ti), TORTUOUSNESS 
(tar'tu-us-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
tortuous. 

TORTUOUS (tar'tu-us), a. Twisted; winding; 
deceitful. [L. torqueo, tortum, twist.] 

TORTUOUSLY (tar'tu-us-li), adv. In a tortuous 
manner. 

TORTURE (tar'tur), n. 1. A putting to the rack 
or severe pain, to extort a confession, or as a 
punishment. 2. Extreme pain; anguish of 
body or mind. [L.L. tortura — L. torqueo, 
twist,] 

TORTURE (tar'tur), v. [pr.p. TORTURING; 
p.t, and p.p. TORTURED (tar' turd).] I. vt. 
1. Put to the torture; torment bodily or men- 
tally. 2. Wrest from the right meaning; put 
a wrong construction on. II. vi. Cause ex- 
cruciating pain. 

TORUS (torus), n. 1. Semicircular molding at 
the base of columns. 2. In a flower, receptacle 
on which the carpels stand. [L., round swell- 
ing or protuberance.] 

TORY (tori), n. [pi. TORIES.] 1. A Conserva- 
tive in English politics. 2. During the war 
of the American Revolution, a supporter of 
the crown against the colonies. [Ir. toiridhe, 
pursuer.] 

TORYISM (to'ri-izm), n. Principles or practices 
of the Tories. 

TOSS (tos), v. [pr.p. TOSS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOSSED (tost).J I. vt, 1. Throw upward with 
a sudden jerk; as, to toss the head. 2. Fling 
or pitch with the hand; as, to toss a ball. 3. 
Cause to rise and fall; agitate. II. vi. Be 
tossed; tumble about. — Toss up, throw a coin 
into the air and decide something by the side 
on which it falls. [Wei. tosiaw, jerk.] 

TOSS (tos), n. 1. Act of tossing or state of being 
tossed. 2. Toss-up. — Win the toss, have some- 
thing decided in one's favor by a toss-up. 



TOSS-UP (tos'up), n, The throwing up of a coin 
to decide some point, as a wager or matter of 
dispute; hence, an even hazard; even chance. 

TOT (tot), n. Little child. [Ice. tottr, dwarf.] 

TOTAL (total), I. a. Whole; complete; un- 
divided. II. n. Entire amount. [L. totus, 
whole.] 

TOTAL (to'tal), vt. [pr.p. TO'TALING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOTALED (to'tald).] 1. Amount to the 
total sum of. 2. Determine the total of. 

TOTALITY (to-tal'i-ti), n. 1. State of being 
total. 2. Whole sum. 

TOTALIZE (to'tal-Iz), vt. [pr.p. TO'TALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. TOTALIZED (to'tal-izd).] Make 
total; gather into an aggregate. 

TOTALLY (to'tal-i), adv. In a total manner or 
degree; entirely; completely; wholly; fully. 

TOTE (tot), vt. [pr.p. TO 'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOTED.] Carry on the shoulders or back. 
(Colloq.) 

TOTEM (to'tem), n. Among the North American 
Indians, image, as of an animal, adopted as 
an emblem of a family. [Massachusetts Indian 
wutohtimoin, that to which a person or thing 
belongs.] 

TOTEMISM (to'tem-izm), n. 1. System of dis- 
tinguishing clans or families by totems. 2. 
The superstitions connected with totems. 

TOTEM-POLE (to'tem-pol), n. Pole or post on 
which totems are carved, 
erected in front of family resi- 
dences of Indians in Alaska 
and other portions of North- 
western America. Similar poles 
are found in New Zealand. 

TOTTER (tot'er), vi. [pr.p. TOT'- 
TERING; p.t. and p.p. TOT- 
TERED (tot'erd).] Shake as if 
about to fall; stagger; sway. 
[A. S. tealtrian.] 

TOTTERY (tot'er-i), a. Un- 
steady; shaking. 

TOUCAN (to'kan), n. So. Ameri- 
can bird with a very large, 
light bill. [Fr. — Brazilian.] 

TOUCH (tuch), v. [pr.p. TOUCH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TOUCHED 
(tucht).] I. vt. 1. Come in 
contact with. 2. Perceive by Alaskan Totem- 
feeling. 3. Reach. 4. Relate Poles - 
to. 5. Handle or treat gently or slightly. 6. 
Influence. II. vi. 1. Be in contact. 2. Refer 
slightly to; usually with upon. [Fr. toucher.] 

TOUCH (tuch), n, 1. Contact. 2. Sense of feel- 
ing, 3. Affection*, emotion. 4. Small quantity. 
5 S Resistance of the keys of an instrument to 
the Angers; also the manner of touching, stri- 
king, or pressing the keys of a pianoforte, 
typewriter, etc.; individual style of execution. 

TOUCH-BACK (tuch'bak), n. Football. Act of 
touching the ball to the ground by a player 
behind his own goal when it has been kicked 
by an opponent. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
\X=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 






TOUCH-DOWN 



1133 



TOWELING 



TOUCH-DOWN (tuch'down), n. Football. Act 
of touching the ball to the ground behind the 
opponents' goal line. 

TOUCHER (tuch'er), n. One who or that which 
touches. 

TOUCH-HOLE tuch'hol), n. Small hole of a 
cannon through which the fire is communi- 
cated to the charge. 

TOUCHILY (tuch'i-li), adv. In a touchy or ir- 
ritable manner. 

TOUCHINESS (tuch'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being touchy. 

TOUCHING (tuch'ing), I. a. Affecting; pathetic. 
II. prep. Concerning. 

TOUCHINGLT (tuching-li), adv. In a touching 
manner. 

TOUCH-ME-NOT (tuch'me-not), n. Plant of the 
genus Impatiens, so named from the sudden 
bursting of its seed vessels on being touched. 

TOUCHSTONE (tuch'ston), n. 1. Kind of 
basalt used for testing gold or silver by the 
streak left upon the stone when rubbed against 
the metal. 2. Any test or criterion. 

TOUCHWOOD (tuch'wod), n. Decayed wood 
used as tinder. 

TOUCHY (tuch'l), a. [comp. TOUCH'IER; superl. 
TOUCH'IEST.] Apt to take offense; irritable; 
peevish; techy. 

TOUGH (tuf), I. 
TOUGH EST.] 
separated. 2. 
Severe; difficult. 4 
rowdy. [A. S. toh.] 

TOUGHEN (turn), v. [pr.p. TOUGHENING; 
p.t. and p.p. TOUGHENED (tuf'nd).] I. vt. 
Make tough or tougher. II. vi. Grow or be- 
come tough. 

TOUGHISH (tuf is h), a. Somewhat tough. 

TOUGHLY (tuf'li), adv. In a tough manner. 

TOUGHNESS (tuf'nes), ». Quality or state of 
being tough. 

TOULON (to-lang'), n. Seaport and arsenal, 
France, on the Me ' terranean. 

TOULOUSE (to-loz'), n. City in S. France. 

TOUPEE (to-pe'), n. Natural or artificial hair 
dressed In a particular way on the forehead; 
also a small wig to cover partial baldness. 
[Fr. toupet, dim. of O. Fr. toupe, tuft of hair.] 

TOUPET (to-pa/), n. Crested titmouse. [Fr. — O. 
Fr. toupe, tuft.] 

TOUR (tor), n. A going round; hence, a journey 
in a circuit; roving journey; prolonged jour- 
ney. [Fr. for tourn — tourner, turn.] 

TOUR (tor), v. [pr.p. TOURING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOURED (tord).] I. vt. Make a tour of. II. vi. 
Go on a tour. 

TOURING (tor'ing), I. n. Act of traveling for 
pleasure; specifically, act of making a several- 
days' tour In a motor-car. II. a. 1. Designed 
for use in making tours. 2. Engaged in ma- 
king a tour; as, a touring party. 

TOURING-CAR (tor'ing-kar), n. 1. Large mo- 
tor-car designed for touring purposes. 2. 



a. [comp. TOUGH'ER; superl. 
1. Not easily broken, torn or 
Able to endure hardship. 3. 
Vicious. II. n. Bully; 



Any motor-car having a tonneau and more 
than one seat. 

TOURIST (tor'ist), I. n. One who makes a tour. 
II. a. Pertaining to a tour; entitling one to 
make a tour over a certain route; as, a tourist 
ticket. — Tourist car, railway car intended for 
the use of excursionists or tourists. 

TOURMALINE (tor'ma-lin), n. Beautiful min- 
eral of many colors, used for Jewelry. [From 
Tourmali in Ceylon.] 

TOURNAMENT (tor'na-ment), TOURNEY (tor'- 
ni), n. 1. Mock fight on horseback. 2. Any 
series of contests or games of skill. [O. Fr. 
tornoiement — tornoier, tilt — torner, turn.] 

TOURNEY (tor'ni),w. Same as TOURNAMENT. 

TOURNEY (tor'ni), vi. [pr.p. TOURNEYING; 
p.t. and p.p. TOURNEYED (tor'nid).] Engage 
in tournaments; tilt. 

TOURNIQUET (tor'ni-ket), n. Surgical instru- 
ment, or bandage, which is tightened or re- 
laxed with a screw, and used to check the flow 
of blood, as from wounds, amputation, or 
other surgical operation. 

TOUSE (towz), v. [pr.p. TOU'SING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOUSED (towzd).] I. vt. 1. Pull; drag; tear; 
rend. 2. Worry. II. vi. Pull; tear. [Cf. L. 
Ger. tuseln.] 

TOUSLE (tow'zl), vt. [pr.p. TOU'SLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOUSLED (tow'zld).] 1. Pull about rough- 
ly. 2. Put into disorder; dishevel; rumple. 
[Freq. of TOUSE.] 

TOUT (towt), vi. [pr.p. TOUTING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOUTED.] Look out for trade in an obtrusive 
way; spy. [A. S. totian, peep out.] 

TOUT (towt), n. 1. One who goes about solicit- 
ing trade, as for an inn; touter. 2. One who 
secretly watches horses at trial-races and sells 
the information thus gained. 

TOUT ENSEMBLE (tot ang-sang'bl). General 
effect. [Fr., all together.] 

TOUTER (towt'er), n. One who touts; tout. 

TOW (to), v. [pr.p. TOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOWED (tod).] I. vt. Drag, as a boat or ship, 
through the water. II. vi. Perform the act of 
towing. [A. S. teohan, teon, draw.] 

TOW (to), n. 1. Act of towing or state of being 
towed. 2. Vessel towed. 3. Towline. 

TOW (to), n. Coarse part of flax or hemp. [Ice. 
to, tuft of wool for spinning.] 

TOWAGE (to'aj), n. 1. Act of towing. 2. Pay 
for towing. 

TOWARD (to'ard), TOWARDS (to'ardz), I. 
prep. 1. In the direction of. 2. With a 
tendency to. 3. Near. II. a. Ready to do or 
learn; apt; promising. [A. S. toweard.} 

TOWARDLY (td'ard-li), a . Kindly; gentle; 
docile. 

TOWBOAT (to'bot), n. Boat that is towed, or 
one towing other vessels. 

TOWEL (tow'el), n. Cloth for wiping. [Fr. 
touaille — M. L. toacula — O. H. Ger. dwahilla, 
towel. Cf. A. S. thwehlai — thweal, bath.] 

TOWELING (tow'el-ing), n. Cloth for towels. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\x=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/t, in Scotch loch. 



TOWER 



1134 



TRACTION 



TOWER (tow'er), n. 1. Lofty building, usually 
much higher than wide. 2. Fortress. [A. S. 
tur — L. turris, tower.l 

TOWER (tow'er), vi. [pr.p. TOWERING; p.t. and 
p.p. TOWERED (tow'erd).] Rise into the air; 
be lofty. 

TOWERED (tow'erd), a. Having towers. 

TOWERING (tow'er-ing), a. 1. Very high. 2. 
Violent; as, a towering rage. 3. Aiming high; 
as, a towering ambition. 

TOWHEAD (td'hed), n. 1. Person having flaxen 
hair. 2. Person whose hair is tousled. 3. 
Hooded merganser. See cut under MERGAN- 
SER. 

TOWLINE (to'lin), n. Line used in towing. 

TOWN (town), n. 1. Place larger than a village. 
2. City. 3. Inhabitants of a town. 4. Town- 
ship. [A. S. tun.\ 

TOWN-CLERK (town'klerk), n. One who keeps 
the records of a town. 

TOWN-CRIER (town'kri-er), n. One who gives 
public notices in a town. 

TOWN-HALL (town'hal), n. Public building for 
the official business of a town. 

TOWN-MEETING (town'met-ing), n. In New 
England and some other States, a primary 
meeting of the voters for the consideration of 
local matters. 

TOWNSHIP (township), n. 1. Territory or dis- 
trict of a town. 2. In American land measure, 
six miles square = thirty-six square miles or 
sections= 23,040 acres. 

TOWNSMAN (townz'man), n. Inhabitant or 
fellow-inhabitant of a town. 

TOWPATH (to'path), n. Path for men and 
beasts towing boats. 

TOXAN^MIA, TOXANEM1A (toks-a-ne'ml-a), 
n. Anaemia caused by poison. [Gr. toxikon, 
poison, and ANAEMIA.] 

TOXIC (toks'ik), a. 1. Poisonous. 2. Toxico- 
loglcal. [Gr. toxikon, poison for the arrow — 
toxon, bow.] 

TCXICOLOGICAL (toks-i-ko-loj'ik-al), a. Of or 
pertaining to toxicology. 

TOXICOLOGY (toks-i-kol'o-ji), n. Science of 
poisons and their antidotes, and of the effects 
of excessive doses of medicine. [Gr. toxikon, 
poisons, and -OLOGY.] 

TOXIN, TOXINE (toks'in), n. Poisonous sub- 
stance in animals, generated in the process of 
tissue transformation. 

TOT (toi), n. 1. Child's plaything. 2. Trifle; 
play; caress; fable; whim. [Dut. tuig, in speel- 
tuig, plaything.] 

TOT (toi), vi. [pr.p. TOYING; p.t. and p.p. 
TOYED (told).] Dally amorously; play; trifle. 

TOYISH (toi'ish), a. Of the nature of a toy; 
small; trifling. 

TOYMAN (toi man), n. [pi. TOY'MEN.] One 
who makes or sells toys. 

TRACE (tras), n. 1. Mark left; footprint. 2. 
Minute quantity. 3. Visible evidence of some- 
thing having been; remains; token; vestige; 



sign. [Fr. tracer, pursue, follow — L. tractus, 
p.p. of traho, draw.] 

TRACE (tras), vt. [pr.p. TRA'CING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRACED (trast).] 1. Follow by tracks or foot- 
steps. 2. Sketch; draw; map out. 

TRACE (tras), n. One of the two straps by which 
a vehicle is drawn. [O. Fr. trays.] 

TRACEABLE (tras'a-bl), a. That may be traced. 

TRACERT (tra/ser-i), n. [pi. TRA'CERIES.] 
Ornamental work in flowing outline. 

TRACHEA (tra'ke-a), n. [pL TRACHEAE.] Wind- 
pipe, beginning at the larynx and ending at 
the bronchial tubes. [Gr. tracheia — trachys, 
rough.] 

TRACHEOTOMT (tra-ke-ot'o-mi), n. Operation 
of cutting into the trachea. [TRACHEA, and 
Gr. temno, cut.] 

TRACING (tra'slng), n. 1. Act of one who 
traces. 2. Copy produced by means of tracing- 
paper. 

TRACING-PAPER (tra'sing-pa-per), n. Thin 
transparent paper for tracing drawings, en- 
gravings, etc. 

TRACK (trak), vt. [pr.p. TRACKING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRACKED (trakt).] 1. Follow by marks 
or footsteps. 2. Make tracks upon. 3. Tow. 
[Dut. trekken, draw.] 

TRACK (trak), n. 1. Mark left. 2. Footprint. 
3. Beaten path. 4. Two parallel lines of 
rails on railways. [Dut. trek, draft — trekken, 
draw.] 

TRACKAGE (trak'aj), n. 1. The total length of 
all the tracks of a railway. 2. A towing, as of 
a boat on a canal. 

TRACKER (trak'er), n. 1. One who tracks. 2. 
One who tows a boat on a canal or river. 

TRACKLESS (trak'les), a. 1. Without a path. 
2. Untrodden. 

TRACKMAN (trak'man), n. [pi. TRACKMEN.] 
Inspector of a railroad track. 

TRACK-SCALE (trak'skal), n. Scale which 
weighs a section of a track with the load 
standing on it. 

TRACT (trakt), n. 1. Something drawn out or 
extended. 2. Region. 3. Short treatise. [L. 
tr actus — traho, draw.] 

TRACTABILITT (trakt-a-bll'i-tl), n. Quality or 
state of being tractable. 

TRACTABLE (trakt'a-bl), a. Easily drawn, 
managed or taught; docile. 

TRACTABLENESS (trakt'a-bl-nes), n. Same as 
TRACT ABILITY. 

TRACTABLY (trakt-a'bll), adv. In a tractable 
manner. 

TRACTILE (trak'tll), a. Capable of being drawn 
out; ductile. [L. tractus, p.p. of traho, draw.] 

TRACTION (trak'shun), «,. 1. Act of drawing 
or state of being drawn. 2. Act of drawing by 
any form of motive power along or over a sur- 
face. 3. Traffic or transit by means of rail- 
roads or street-railways. 4. Adhesive friction 
of a wheel on the rail, pulley, etc. [L. tractus, 
p.p. ©f traho, draw.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mg, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, m5ve, wolf; mute, nut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c£ in Scotch loch. 






TRACTIONAL 



1135 



TRAIN 




TRACTIONAL (trak'shun-al), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to traction. 

TRACTION-ENGINE (trak'- 
shun-en-jin), n. Locomo- 
tive steam engine which 
propels itself on common 
roads, as distinguished 
from one used on a rail- 
road. Traction-engine. 

TRACTION- WHEEL (trak'shun-hwel),n. Wheel 
whose friction on the ground or rail is the di- 
rect agent of progression. 

TRACTIVE (trakt'iv), a. Pulling; drawing. 

TRACTOR (trak'tur), n. 1. That which draws 
or is used for drawing. 2. Surg, Obstetric 
•forceps. 3. Tractlan-engine. 

TRADE (trad), n. 1. Buying and selling; com- 
merce. 2. Occupation. 3. Men engaged in 
the same occupation. [A. S. trod, footstep — 
tredan, tread.] 

SYN. Vocation; employment; profession; 
calling; dealing; traffic. 

TRADE (trad), v. [pr.p. TRA'DING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRA'DED]. I. vt. Traffic with.; barter 
or exchange. II. vi. 1. Buy and sell as a 
business. 2. Exchange, 3. In politics, make 
a corrupt deal. 

TRADEMARK (trad'mark), n. Distinctive de- 
vice warranting goods for sale as the produc- 
tion of a certain firm. 

TRADES (tradz), n.pl. Same as TRADE- 
WINDS. See also cut under WIND-BELTS. 

TRADESMAN (tradz'man), n. [/em. TRADES'- 
WOMAN.] 1. Storekeeper. 2. Mechanic. 

TRADE-UNION (trad'un-yun), n. Union 
among workmen of the same trade to main- 
tain their rights and to better their condition. 

TRADE WIND (trad'wind), n. Steady prevailing 
surface wind between five and thirty-five de- 
grees both north and south latitude, from the 
northeast in the northern and from the 
southeast in the southern hemisphere. The 
antitrades are upper winds in the same 
regions moving in a direction contrary to the 
surface winds. Sae cut of WIND-BELTS. 

TRADING-STAMP (trading-stamp), n. Gift 
coupon or stamp given to purchasers by retail 
merchants to increase sales. 

TRADITION (tra-dish'un), n. 1. Oral handing 
down of opinions or practices to posterity. 2. 
Belief or custom as handed down. [L. traditio, 
delivery — trado — trans, over, and do, give.] 

TRADITIONAL (tra-dish'un-al), a. Of, per- 
taining to, or depending on, tradition; based 
on tradition. 

TRADITIONALLY (tra-dish'un-al-i), adv. In a 
traditional manner. 

TRADITIONARY (tra-dish'un-a-ri, a. Tradi- 
tional. 

TRADUCE (tra-dus'), vt. [pr.p. TRADU'CING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRADUCED (tra-dust').] Ex- 
pose to contempt or disgrace. 
trans, over, and duco, lead.] 



[L. traduco — 



SYN. Calumniate; defame; vilify: as- 
perse; expose; misrepresent. ANT. Praise; 
commend; eulogize. 

TRADUCER (tra-du'ser), n. One who traduces; 
slanderer. 

TRADUCIANISM (tra-du'shi-an-izm) n. Doc- 
trine that both body and soul of the individual 
are propagated; opposed to CREATIONISM, 
according to which each soul is a new creation. 

TRAFALGAR (traf-ai-gar'), CAPE. Promon- 
tory, Spain, on Strait of Gibraltar. 

TRAFFIC (traf'ik), n. 1. Commerce; trade. 2. 
Dealings; intercourse. 3. Carrying trade; 
business done by transportation; as, railroad 
traffic, canal traffic. [Fr. trafique — L. tra- (for 
trans), across, and facio, make.] 

TRAFFIC (traf'ik), v. [pr.p. TRAFFICKING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRAFFICKED (traf'ikt).] I. vt. 
Exchange; barter; trade. II. vi. Carry on 
commerce; buy and sell goods. 

TRAFFICKER (traf'ik-er), n. One who traffics; 
trader ; dealer. 

TRAGACANTH (trag'a-kanth) , n. A gum much 
used in pharmacy. [Gr.] 

TRAGEDIAN (tra-je'di-an), n. Actor of tragedy. 

TRAGEDIENNE (tra-je-di-en') w. Actress of 
tragedy. [Fr.] 

TRAGEDY (traj'e-di), n. [pi. TRAGEDIES 
(traj'e-diz).] 1. Drama in which the action 
and language are elevated, and the catastrophe 
sad. 2. Any fatal or dreadful event. [Gr. 
tragodia.] 

TRAGIC (traj'ik), TRAGICAL (trajik-al), a. 
Pertaining to tragedy; sorrowful; calamitous. 

TRAGICOMEDY (traj-i-kome-di), n. Dramatic 
piece in which grave and comic scenes are 
blended. 

TRAGICOMIC (traj-i-kom'ik), a. Pertaining to 
tragicomedy. 

TRAGUS (tragus), n. 1. Lobe in front of the 
orifice of the human ear. 2. Corresponding 
part in animals, in some cases serving as a 
valve. [Gr. tragos, part of inner ear — tragos<> 
goat — trago, gnaw.] 

T-RAIL (te'ral), n. Rail having two flanges 
above, which form a wide tread for the wheels 
of the rolling stock. [Letter T, and RAIL.] 

TRAIL (tral), v. [pr.p. TRAILING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRAILED (trald).] I. vt. 1. Drag along the 
ground. 2. Hunt by tracking. II. vi. 1. 
Be drawn out in length. 2. Follow. [O. Fr. 
trailler — L. traho, draw.] 

TRAIL (tral), n. 1. Anything drawn out to a 
length. 2. Anything drawn or floating be- 
hind; train. 3. Track or scent followed by a 
hunter. 4. Indian footpath; any beaten path 
through a wilderness or forest. 

TRAIN (tran), v. [pr.p. TRAIN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRAINED (trand).] I. vt. 1. Draw along. 
2. Educate; discipline; tame for use, as ani- 
mals; cause to grow in certain shape, as the 
branches of a tree; prepare for athletic feats 
or a race. 3. Bring to bear; aim. II. vi. 1. 






fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
" u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TRAIN 



1136 



TRANSCENDENTAL 



Exercise; discipline; be drilled. 2. Consort 
(with). [O. Fr. trainer — L, traho, draw.] 

TRAIN (tran), n. 1. That which is drawn along 
after something else, as the part of a dress 
which trails on the ground, a retinue of 
attendants, cars drawn by an engine, etc. 2. 
Line of gunpowder to fire a charge. 3. Proc- 
ess; course; series; string; file. 

TRAIN-BEARER (tran'bar-er), n. One who 
holds up the train of a robe. 

TRAINED (trand), a. 1. Having a train. 2. 
Made proficient by training; educated; in- 
structed; practiced. 

TRAINER (tran'er), n. 1. One who trains or in- 
structs. 2. Frame on which plants are trained. 

TRAINING (traning), n. 1. Practical educa- 
tion in an art or trade or the like. 2. The 
condition of one so educated. 3. The process 
of causing trees to grow in a desired shape. 

TRAINING-SHIP (tran'ing-ship), n. A ship for 
training boys to be seamen. 

TRAIN-OIL (tran'oll), n. Whale oil extracted 
from the blubber by boiling. [Ger. tran, fish- 
oil.] 

TRAIN WAY (tran'wa), n. Platform hinged to 
a wharf and forming a bridge to a boat. 

TRAIT (trat), w. 1. Touch. 2. Distinguishing 
feature. [Fr. — L. tractum, p.p. of traho, draw.] 

TRAITOR (tra'tur), n. [fern. TRAITRESS.] One 
who betrays a trust, especially one who aids 
the enemy of his country; one guilty of trea- 
son. [Fr. traitre — L. traditor — trado, give up.] 

TRAITOROUS (tratur-us), a. 1. Like a traitor; 
guilty of treason. 2. Implying, or character- 
ized by, treason. 

SYN. Treacherous; faithless; perfidious; 
unfaithful; treasonable. ANT. Faithful; 
loyal; true. 

TRAITOROUSLY (tra/tur-us-li), adv. In a 
traitorous manner. 

TRAJECTORY (tra-jekt'o-ri), n. Curve de- 
scribed by a flying body, as a planet or a pro- 
jectile. [L. trajectus, p.p. of trajicio, throw 
across.] 

TRAM (tram), n. 1. Rail of a tramway. 2. 
Small car running on rails; tramway car. 
[Ice. tramn, beam.] 

TRAMMEL (tram' el), n. 1. Net used in fowling 
or fishing. 2. Anything that confines or im- 
pedes. 3. Implement in a fireplace on which 
to hang a pot. 4. A grooved cross and beam 
compass for drawing ellipses. [Fr. iramail, 
net — L. L. tremaculum — L. tres, three, and 
macula, mesh.] 

TRAMMEL (tram'el), vt. [pr.p. TRAMMEL- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TRAMMELED (tram'eld).] 
1. Shackle; confine. 2. Train slavishly. 

TRAMONTANE (tra-mon'tan), a. Lying beyond 
the mountains; ultramontane. [L. transmon- 
tanus — trans, over, and mons, mountain.] 

TRAMP (tramp), v. [pr.p. TRAMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRAMPED (trampt).] I. vt. 1. Tread un- 
der foot; trample. 2. Wander over; scour. 



II. vi. 1. Go on foot; walk. 2. Wander, as 
a tramp. [L. Ger. trampen, stamp.] 

TRAMP (tramp), n. 1. Foot journey. 2. Act 
of tramping; tread. 3. Homeless vagabond. 
4. Freight vessel that does not sail in any reg- 
ular line. 

TRAMPLE (tram'pl), vt. [pr.p. TRAMPLING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRAMPLED (tram'pld).] Tread 
under foot. [From TRAMP.] 

TRAMPLER (tram'pler), n. One who tramples. 

TRAMWAY (tram'wa), n. 1. Originally, a 
track made of trams of wood or flat stones. 2. 
Street-railway. 

TRAM- WHEEL (tram'hwel), n. Flanged, metal- 
lic wheel, as used on tramway cars. 

TRANCE (trans), n. State in which the soul 
Is said to be absent from the body, or rapt 
in visions. [Fr. transe — transir, be chilled — 
L. transio, go across, die.] 

TRANCE (trans), vt. [pr.p. TRAN'CING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRANCED (transt).] Enchant; charm; en- 
trance. 

TRANQUIL (trang'kwil), a. Quiet; undisturbed. 
[L. tranquillus.] 

SYN. Calm; peaceful; still; placid; se- 
rene; composed; collected. ANT. Agitated; 
disturbed; uneasy; restless. 

TRANQUILIZE (trang'kwil-iz), vt. [pr.p.TRAN'- 
QUILIZING; p.t. and p.p. TRANQUILIZED 
(trang'kwil-izd).] Make tranquil. 

SYN. Appease; calm; pacify; still; soothe; 
lull. ANT. Agitate; alarm; disturb. 

TRANQUILLITY (trang-kwil'i-tl), tu Quality 
or state of being tranquil. 

TRANS-, prefix. Beyond; across. [L.] 

TRANSACT (trans-akf), v. [pr.p. TRANSACT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSACTED.] I. vt. 
Perform; carry through; manage. II. vi. 
Deal; negotiate. [L. transactus — trans, across, 
and ago, carry on.] 

TRANSACTION (trans-ak'shun), n. 1. Act of 
transacting. 2. Management. 3. Affair; 
business or thing done. 4. [pi.] Reports of 
learned societies. 

TRANSALPINE (trans-al'pin), a. Beyond the 
Alps (in regard to Rome). [L. transalpinus.] 

TRANSANDLNE (trans-an'din) , a. To or on the 
other side of the Andes. 

TRANSATLANTIC (trans-at-lan'tlk), a. Situated 
beyond, or plying across, the Atlantic Ocean. 

TRANSCALENT (trans-ka'lent), a. Permitting 
the passage of heat. [TRANS- and L. calens, 
pr.p. of caleo, be warm.] 

TRANSCEND (tran-send'), vt. [pr.p. TRAN- 
SCENDING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSCENDED.] 
Rise above; surpass; exceed. [L. trans, beyond, 
and scando, climb.] 

TRANSCENDENCE (tran-send'ens), n. Su- 
perior excellence. 

TRANSCENDENT (tran-send'ent), a. 1. Su- 
perior in excellence. 2. Lying beyond human 
experience. 

TRANSCENDENTAL (tran-sen-den'tal), I. a. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gu.de; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. ' 



TRANSCENDENTALISM 



1137 



TRANSIENT 



i, 



1. Surpassing others. 2. Concerned with 
what is independent of experience; metaphys- 
ical. 3. Extravagant; vague. II. ». A tran- 
scendental conception. 

TRANSCENDENTALISM (tran-sen-den'tal-izm), 
n. 1. Investigation of what was supposed 
by Kantians to be a priori in human knowl- 
edge, or independent of experience. 2. That 
which is vague and illusive in philosophy. 

TRANS CENDE NT ALIST (tran-sen-den'tal-ist), 
n. Follower of a transcendental philosopher. 

TRANSCONTINENTAL (trans-kon-ti-nen'tal), a. 
Passing or extending across a continent. 

TRANSCRD3E (tran-skrib'), vt. [pr.p. TRAN- 
SCRIBING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSCRIBED 
(tran-skribd').] Write over from one book Into 
another; copy. 

TRANSCRIBER (tran-skri'ber), n. One who 
transcribes; copyist. 

TRANSCRIPT (tran'skript), n. Written copy. 

TRANSCRIPTION (tran-skrip'shun), n. 1. Act 
of copying. 2. Copy. 3. Arrangement of a 
musical composition for an instrument or 
voice for which it was not originally intended. 

TRANSEPT (tran'sept), n. 1. Cross-aisle of a 
church, at right angles to the nave. 2. Either 
half, north or south, of this cross-aisle. [L. 
tran, for trans, across, and septum, inclosure.] 

TRANSFER (trans-fer), vt. [pr.p. TRANSFER'- 
RING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSFERRED (trans- 
ferd').] 1. Convey to another place; carry. 2. 
Make over the possession of; give. 3. Convey 
by means of transfer-paper, as a design to the 
lithographic stone. 4. Cut out (as lace) and 
sew on a new piece of fabric. [L. trans, across, 
and fero, carry.] 

TRANSFER (trans'fer), n. 1. Conveyance. 2. 
That which is transferred. 3. Ticket giving 
transportation on a connecting line. 

TRANSFERABILITY (trans-fer-a-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being transferable. 

TRANSFERABLE (trans-fer'a-bl), a. That may 
be transferred from one place or person to an- 
other. 

TRANSFEREE (trans-fer-e'), n. Person to 
whom a thing is transferred. 

TRANSFERENCE (trans-fer'ens), n. Act of 
transferring; transfer. 

TRANSFER-PAPER (trans'fer-pa-per), n. Pre- 
pared paper for transferring impressions, used 
by draftsmen, engravers, etc. 

TRANSFIGURATION (trans-fig-ur-a'shun), n. 1. 
Change of form. 2. [T-] Supernatural change 
in the appearance of Christ, described in Matt, 
xvii., and commemorated on Aug. 6. 

TRANSFIGURE (trans-flg'ur), vt, [pr.p. TRANS- 
FIG 'URING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSFIGURED 
(trans-fig'urd).] Change the form of; elevate 
and glorify. 

TRANSFISSION (trans-fish'un), n. A cleaving; 
transverse fission. 

TRANSFIX (trans-flks'), vt. [pr.p. TRANSFIX'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSFIXED (trans-fikst').] 




1. Pierce; impale. 2. Fasten by something 
sharp thrust through. [TRANS- and FIX.] 

TRANSFIXION (trans-flk'shun), n. 1. A pier- 
cing or being pierced. 2. Method of amputa- 
ting by piercing the limb with a knife and cut- 
ting outward. 

TRANSFORM (trans-farm'), v. [pr.p. TRANS- 
FORMING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSFORMED 
(trans-farmd').] L vt. Change the shape, 
substance, or disposition of. II. vi. Be 
changed. [L. trans, across, and formo, form.] 

TRANSFORMABLE (trans-farm 'a-bl), a. Capa- 
ble of being transformed. 

TRANSFORMATION (trans-far-ma'shun) , n. 1 . 
Change in form, nature or condition. 2. 
Math. Change to an expression of different 
form, but of the same value. 

TRANSFORMER (trans-farm'er), n. EZec. Modi- 
fied induction coil by 
which high-pressure cur- 
rents are received, trans- 
formed and distributed as 
low-pressure currents by 
means of a long thin 
primary wire with many 
turns and a short thick 
secondary wire with few 
turns. Large transform- 
ers are used in central 
stations, small ones are 
mounted on wire-carrying Transformer with out- 
poles or on electric street er corrugated metal 
. case and metal cylin- 

signs. ( j erg aroun( j coils re _ 

TRANSFUSE (trans-fuz')» moved showing pri- 
vt.[pr.p. TRANSFU'SING; mary and secondary 
p.t. and p.p. TRANS- coU3 of wire - 
FUSED (trans-fuzd').] 1. Pour into another 
vessel. 2. Cause (blood) to pass from the 
arteries of one person to those of another. 
3. Cause to be imparted. [L. transfusus, 
p.p. of transfundo, transfuse — trans, over, 
and fundo, pour.] 

TRANSFUSION (trans-fu'zhun), n. 1. Act or 
process of transfusing. 2. State of being 
transfused. 

TRANSGRESS (trans-gres'), v. [pr.p. TRANS- 
GRESSING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSGRESSED 
(trans-grest').] I. vt. 1. Pass beyond (a 
limit). 2. Break, as a law. II. vi. Sin. [L. 
transgressus — trans, across, and gradior, gres- 
sus, step.] 

TRANSGRESSION (trans-gresh'un), n. Act of 
transgressing; breach of any law or rule. 

TRANSGRESSOR (trans-gres'ur), n. One who 
transgresses. 

TRANSHIP, TRANSSHIP (tran-ship'), vt. [pr. 
p. TRANSHIP'PING; p.t. and p.p. TRAN- 
SHIPPED (tran-shipt').] Transfer to another 
ship. 

TRANSHIPMENT, TRANSSHIPMENT (tran- 
ship'ment), n. Act of transhipping. 

TRANSIENT (tran'shent), I. a. 1. Passing; 
of short duration. 2. Hasty. II. n. 1. One 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



TRANSIENTLY 



1138 



TRANSMITTER 




who or that which is temporary. 2. Tempo- 
rary guest. [L. transiens — trans, over, and 
eo, go.] 

TRANSIENTLY (tran'shent-li), adv. In a tran- 
sient manner. 

TRANSIENTNESS (tran'shent-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being transient. 

TRANSISTHMIAN (trans-ist'ml-an), a. Extend- 
ing across an isthmus, as that of Panama. 

TRANSIT (trans'it), n. 1. Passing over or 
through. 2. Con- 
veyance. 3. Passage 
of a heavenly body 
over the meridian! 
of a place, or over 
the sun's disk. 4. 
Surveyor's instru- 
ment for measuring 
horizontal angles. 
[L. transitus — tran- 
seo, pass over.] 

TRANSIT (trans'it), 
vt. [pr.p. TRANS '- 
ITING ; p.t. and p.p. 
TRANSITED.] Pass 
over the disk of; as, 
Venus transits the 
face of the sun. . Transit. 

TRANSITION (trans-izh'un), n. Passage from 
one place or state to another; change. 

TRANSITIONAL (trans-lzh'un-al), a. Contain- 
ing or denoting transition. 

TRANSITIVE (trans'i-tiv), a. 1. Passing over. 
2. Gram. Denoting a verb which has or re- 
quires an object after it. 

TRANSITIVELY (trans'i-tiv-li), adv. In a trans- 
itive manner; with a transitive sense or force. 

TRANSITIVENESS (trans'i-tiv-nes), TRANSI- 
TIVITY (trans-i-tiv'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being transitive. 

TRANSITORILY (trans'i-to-ri-li), adv. In a 
transitory manner. 

TRANSITORINESS (trans'i-to-ri-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being transitory. 

TRANSITORY (trans'i-to-ri), a. Lasting for a 
short time; speedily vanishing; short-lived; 
transient. 

TRANSLATABLE (trans-la'ta-bl), a. That may 
be rendered into another language, or ex- 
pressed in other words. 

TRANSLATE (trans-lat), vt. [pr.p. TRANSLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSLATED.] 1. Re- 
move to another place. 2. Render into an- 
other language; explain. 3. Convey to heaven 
alive; put into ecstasy. 4. Retransmit (a tele- 
graphic message) over another line. [L. trans- 
latus, p.p. of transfero, transfer — trans, across, 
and fero, latum, carry.] 

TRANSLATION (trans-la/shun), n. 1. Act of 
translating or state of being translated. 2. 
That which is translated. 

TRANSLATOR (trans-la'tur), w. 1. One who 
translates. 2. Teleg. Repeater. 



TRANSLITERATE (trans-lit'er-at), vt. [pr.p. 
TRANSLITERATING; p.t. and p.p. TRANS- 
LITERATED.] Transcribe in the characters 
of a different alphabet. 

TRANSLUCENCE (trans-lo'sens), TRANSLU- 
CENCY (trans-lo'sen-si), n. Quality or state 
of being translucent. 

TRANSLUCENT (trans-lo'sent), a. Allowing 
light to pass, but not transparent. [L. trans- 
lucens — trans, across, and luceo, shine — lux, 
light.] 

TRANSLTJCENTLY (trans-16'sent-li), adv. In a 
translucent manner. 

TRANSLUNAR (trans-lo'nar), a. Being beyond 
the moon; opposed to SUBLUNAR. 

TRANSMARINE (trans-ma-ren'), a. Beyond 
the sea. 

TRANSMIGRATE (trans' mi-grat), vi. [pr.p. 
TRANSMIGRATING; p.t. and p.p. TRANS- 
MIGRATED.] 1. Migrate to another country. 
2. Pass into another body or state. 

TRANSMIGRATION (trans-mi-gra'shun), n. Act 
of transmigrating or state of being transmi- 
grated; specifically, metempsychosis. 

TRANSMIGRATOR (trans'mi-gra-tiir), n. One 
who transmigrates. 

TRANSMIGRATOR Y (trans-mi'gra-to-ri), a. 
Passing from one state, or body to another. 

TRANSMISSIBILIT Y (trans-mis-i-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being transmissible. 

TRANSMISSIBLE (trans-mis'i-bl), a. 1. That 
may be passed from one to another; mailable. 
2. Capable of being transmitted through any 
body or substance. 

TRANSMISSION (trans-mish'un), n. 1. Trans- 
ference. 2. Heredity. 3. Power of a body 
to let light, etc., pass 
through. 

TRANSMISSIVE (trans- 
mis'iv), a. Trans- 
mitted; transmitting. 

TRANSMIT (trans-mit), 
vt. [pr.p. TRANSMIT- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRANSMITTED.] 1. 
Cause to pass over or 
through; send on or 
through. 2. Suffer to 
pass through; as, glass 
transmits light. [L. 
transmitto — trans, 
across or over, and 
mitto, send.] 

TRANSMITTAL (trans- 
mit'al), n. Act of trans- 
mitting. 

TRANSMITTER (trans- 
mit'er), n. 1. One who 
sends or transmits. 2. 
Telegraphic automatic 
sending instrument. 3. 
Telephonic device for receiving sounds and 
transmitting them to the receiver. 




Blake Transmitter. 

Current passes through d, a 
spring; C, platinum wire at- 
tached to d, then to e, carbon 
button fastened to /, a spring, 
and then to coil of receiver; 

a, diaphragm ; k, rubber ring ; 

b, mouthpiece support; h, 
electrical contact. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



TRANSMUT ABILIT Y 



1139 



TRANSVAAL 




Transom-window. 



TRANSMUTABILITY (trans-mu-ta-bll'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being transmutable. 

TRANSMXJT ABLE (trans-mu'ta-bl), a. That 
may be changed into a different form, nature, 
or substance. 

TRANSMUTATION (trans-mu-ta'shun), n. Act 
of transmuting or state of being transmuted. 

TRANSMUTE (trans-muf), vt. [pr.p. TRANS- 
MITTING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSMITTED.] 
Change to another form or substance. [L. 
transmuto — trans, across, and muto, change.] 

TRANSOCEANIC (trans-6-she-an'Ik), a. 1. Be- 
ing on the other side of the ocean. 2. Cross- 
ing the ocean, as in flight. 

TRANSOM (tran'sum), n. 1. Cross-beam, espe- 
cially the horizontal 
mullion or cross-bar 
of a window. 2. Lin- 
tel over a door. 3. 
Transom-window. 4. In 
ships, one of the beams 
across the sternpost, 
strengthening the after- 
part. [L. transtrum.] 

TRANSOM- WINDOW 
(tran'sum-wln-do), n. 1. 
Window divided into 
two parts by a transom. 

2. Window over the lintel of a door. 
TRANSPACIFIC (trans-pa-sif'ik), a. 1. Across 

or beyond the Pacific Ocean. 2. Crossing the 
Pacific; as, a transpacific cable. 
TRANSPARENCY (trans-par' en-si), n. [pi. 
TRANSPARENCIES.] 1. Quality of being 
transparent. 2. That which is transparent. 

3. Picture on semi-transparent material. 
TRANSPARENT (trans-par' ent), a. 1. Trans- 
mitting light. 2. Easily intelligible. [L. 
trans, through, and pareo, appear.] 

SYN. Diaphanous; lucid; pellucid; trans- 
lucent; clear. ANT. Thick; turbid; opaque. 

TRANSPARENTLY (trans-par' ent-li), adv. In a 
transparent manner. 

TRANSPARENTNESS (trans-par' ent-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being transparent. 

TRANSPIERCE (trans-pers), vt. [pr.p. TRANS- 
PIERCING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSPIERCED 
(trans-perst').] Pierce through; penetrate. 

TRANSPIRABLE (tran-spir'a-bl), a. Capable 
of transpiring or being transpired. 

TRANSPIRATION (tran-spi-ra'shun), n. 1. Ex- 
halation through the skin. 2. Passing of a 
gas through fine orifices. 

TRANSPIRE (tran-splr'), v. [pr.p. TRANSPIR'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSPIRED (tran-spird').] 
I. vt. Breathe or pass through the pores of 
the skin. II. vi. 1. Exhale. 2. Become 
public. 3. (Erroneously for) occur. [L. 
transpiro, breathe through — trans, through, 
and spiro, breathe. j 

TRANSPLANT (trans-plant'), vt. [pr.p. TRANS- 
PLANTING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSPLANTED.] 
Remove and plant in another place. 



TRANSPLANTATION (trans-plan-ta'shun), n. 
Act of transplanting a living plant, or of re- 
moving living tissue to another part of the 
body. 

TRANSPLANTER (trans-planter), n. 1. A 
hinged, double garden trowel for moving small 
plants with a ball of earth. 2. A machine tor 
moving trees. 

TRANSPORT (trans-port'), vt. [pr.p. TRANS- 
PORTING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSPORTED.] 1. 
Carry from one place to another. 2. Carry 
beyond the sea; banish. 3. Carry away by 
violence of passion or pleasure. [L. transporto, 
carry across — trans, across, and porto, carry.] 

TRANSPORT (trans'port), n. 1. Carriage from 
one place to another. 2. Vessel for convey- 
ance. 3. Conveyance of troops and their nec- 
essaries by land or sea. 4. Ecstasy; rapture. 

TRANSPORTABLE (trans-port'a-bl), a , 1. 
Capable of being transported. 2. Subject to 
transportation. 

TRANSPORTAL (trans-port'al), n. Act of trans- 
porting; transportation. 

TRANSPORTATION (trans-por-ta'shun), n. 1. 
Act of transporting or state of being trans- 
ported. 2. The banishing or sending out of 
the country to a penal settlement of a person 
convicted of crime. 

TRANSPOSAL (trans-po'zal), n. Change of place 
or order. 

TRANSPOSE (trans-pdz'), vt* [pr.p. TRANSPO'- 
SING; p.U and p.p. TRANSPOSED (trans- 
pdzd').] 1. Put (one) in the place of the other* 
2. Change, as the order of words, or the key In 
music. 3. Alg. Bring, as any term of an equa- 
tion, from one side over to the other, without 
destroying the equation. [Fr. transposer — 
trans, across, and poser, place.] 

TRANSPOSITION (trans-po-zish'un), ». 1. 
Change In the order or position of two things* 
2. Alg. The bringing over of any term or 
terms from one side of an equation to the 
other without destroying the equation. 

TRANSPOSITIONAL (trans-pd-zish'un-aD. a. 
Consisting in, or made by, transposition. 

TRANSSHIP, v. See TRANSHIP. 

TRANSUBSTANTIATE (tran-sub-stan'shi-5t),ttf. 
[pr.p. TRANSUBSTANTIATING; p.t. and p.p, 
TRANSUBSTANTIATED.] Change from one 
substance to another. [L. trans, across, and 
substantia, substance.] 

TRANSUBSTANTIATION (tran-sub-stan-shl-a'- 
shun), n» Change into another substance, 
doctrine that the bread and wine in the Eu- 
charist is changed into Christ's body and blood. 

TRANSUDATION (tran-su-da'shun), n. Act or 
process of transuding. 

TRANSUDE (tran-sud'), vi. [pr.p. TRANSU'- 
DING; p.t. and p.p. TRANSU'DED.] To ooze 
through, as through pores. [L. transudo — 
trans, across, and sudo, sweat.] 

Transvaal (trans-vaio Colony. Formerly 

S. African Republic, S. Africa. 



fate, fat, task, far. fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch, 



TRANSVERSAL 



1140 



TRAVERSE 




TRANSVERSAL (trans-ver'saD, a. Transverse. 
TRANSVERSE (trans-vers'), a. Lying or being 

across or In a cross direction; athwart. [L. 

transversus — transverto, turn across — trans t 

across, and verto, turn.] 
TRANSVERSELY (trans- vgrs'li), adv. In a 

transverse manner. 
TRAP (trap), n. Volcanic rock lying In steps or 

terraces. [Sw. trappa, stairs.] 
TRAP (trap), n. 1. Trappings. 2. [pi.] Person- 
al effects. [O. Fr., cloth.] 
TRAP (trap), vt. [pr.p. TRAP'PING; p.U and p.p. 

TRAPPED (trapt).] Adorn with trappings; 

drape gaily. 
TRAP (trap), n. 

1. Instru- 
ment for 
snaring ani- 
mals. 2. Am- 
bush; strata- 
gem. 3. De- 
vice for toss- 
ing Into the 
air objects to Basket Shnm P Tra P- 

be shot at. 4. Contrivance for hindering the 
passage of foul air from a waste-pipe, etc. [A. 
S. trceppe — root of TRAMP.] 

TRAP (trap), vt. [pr.p. TRAP'PING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRAPPED (trapt).] 1. Catch In a trap. 2. 
Furnish with a trap. 

TRAP-DOOR (trap'dor), n. Door in a floor. 

TRAPEZE (tra-peV), n. 1. Swinging bar for 
gymnastic exercises. 2. Trapezium. 

TRAPEZIUM (tra-pe'zi-um), n. 1. Plane figure 
having four equal sides, no two of which 
are parallel. 2. A bone of the wrist. [Gr. 
trapezlon, dim. of trapeza, table — tetra-peza, 
four-legged — tetra, four, and pons, foot.] 

TRAPEZOID (trap'e-zoid), n. 1. Plane four- 
sided figure, having two opposite sides parallel. 

2. A bone of the wrist. 

TRAPPINGS (trap'ingz), n.pl. Gay clothes; or- 
naments, especially those put on horses. 

TRAPPIST (trap'ist), n. One of a Roman Cath- 
olic monastic order with extremely austere 
rules, among which almost perpetual silence 
Is the most notable. 

TRASH (trash), n. 1. Waste or worthless mat- 
ter; rubbish. 2. Worthless person. [Ice. 
tros, rubbish, leaves and twigs from a tree.] 

TRASH (trash), vt. [pr.p. TRASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRASHED (trasht).] Prune; lop. 

TRASHY (trash'i), a. Composed of or resem- 
bling trash; worthless. 

TRASS (tras), n. Volcanic earth used as a hy- 
draulic cement. [A form of TERRACE, prob- 
ably through the Dutch.] 

TRAUMA (tra'ma), n. 1. Accidental wound. 
2. Condition of the body caused by violence, 
as a wound. 3. Violence causing bodily in- 
jury. [Gr. trauma, wound.] 

TRAUMATIC (tra-mat'ik), a. Pertaining to, 
useful for, or produced by, wounds. 



TRAUMATISM (tra'ma-tizm), n. 1. Morbid 

condition caused by wounds or bruises. 2. 

Wound. 
TRAVAIL (trav'al), n. 1. Labor in childbirth. 2. 

Any racking pain or agony. [Fr., toil, labor, 

pain.] 
TRAVAIL (trav'al), vi. [pr.p. TRAVAILING; 

p.U and p.p. TRAVAILED (trav'ald).] Re in 

labor or parturition. 
TRAVEL (trav'el), v. [pr.p. TRAVELING; p.t. 

and p.p. TRAVELED (trav'eld).] I. vi. 1. 

Walk. 2. Journey; pass; move. II. vt. 

Journey over. [Fr. travailler — travail, toll.] 
TRAVEL (trav'el), n. 1. Act of passing from 

place to place; journey. 2. Length of stroke. 

3. [pi.] Account of a journey. 
TRAVELER (trav'el-er), n. 1. One who travels. 

2. Ring that slides along a rope or spar. 
TRAVELER'S-TREE (trav'el-erz-tre), n. Tree 

of Madagascar (Ravenala madagascariensis), 

that contains a drinkable liquid in its hollow 

leaf-stalks. 




Traveler's-tree. 

TRAVERSARLE (trav'ers-a-bl), c. That may be 
traversed or denied. 

TRAVERSE (trav'ers), I. a. Lying across. II. 
n. 1. Anything laid or built across. 2. 
Something that crosses or obstructs. 3. A 
gallery connecting two sides, as in a church. 
4. Law. Plea containing a denial of some 
fact alleged by an opponent. 5. Fort. Short 
embankment of earth thrown up to intercept 
enfilading fire. [L. traversus, laid across — 
trans, across, and versus, p.p. of verto, turn.] 

TRAVERSE (trav'ers), v. [pr.p. TRAVERSING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRAVERSED (trav'erst).] I. vt. 
1. Cross. 2. Thwart. 3. Survey. 4. Law. 
Deny, as what an opponent has alleged. II. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil. owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



TRAVERSER 



1141 



TREATY 



vi. 1. Fencing. Oppose a movement. 2. Di- 
rect a gun to the right or left; swivel. 

TRAVERSER (trav'ers-er), n. One who trav- 
erses. 

TRAVESTY (trav'es-ti), vt. [pr.p. TRAVESTY- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TRAVESTIED (trav'es-tid).] 
Treat so as to render ridiculous; burlesque; 
parody. [Fr. travestir, disguise.] 

TRAVESTY (trav'es-ti), n. [pi. TRAVESTIES.] 
Burlesque imitation. 

TRAVOIS (tra-vwa'), TRAVOISE (tra-vwas'), n. 
1. Among North American Indians, a rude 
wheelless vehicle — a platform mounted on two 
poles which serve as shafts. 2. In northern 
TJ. S. and Canada, a logging sled. [Fr.] 

TRAWL (tral), v. [pr.p. TRAWLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRAWLED (trgld).] I. vt. Drag, as a net; 
troll. II. vi. Fish with a trawl-line or trawl- 
net. [O. Fr. trauler, drag about.] 

TRAWL (tral), n. 1. Bag-net with wide mouth, 
dragged along the bottom after a boat. 2. 
Buoyed fishing line with many hooks. 

TRAWLER (tral'er), n. 1. One who trawls. 2. 
Small fishing vessel with a trawl-net. 

TRAWL-LINE (tral'lin), n. Long stout line with 
short lines bearing baited hooks hanging to it, 
used In deep-sea fishing. 

TRAWL-NET (tral'net), n. Net dragged along 
the sea-bottom to gather forms of marine life. 

TRAY (tra), w. Shallow, trough-like vessel; sal- 
ver. [A form of TROUGH.] 

TREACHEROUS (trech'er-us), a. 1. Betraying 
a trust. 2. Marked by perfidy. 3. Deceptive. 

SYN. Faithless; perfidious; false. ANT. 
Faithful; loyal; reliable; trustworthy. 

TREACHERY (trech'er-i), n. Faithlessness. 
[O. Fr. tricherie, trickery.] 

TREACLE (tre'kl), n. 1. Formerly, antidote to 
the poison of a snake. 2. Molasses obtained 
in refining sugar. 3. Syrup, as of inspissated 
birch-sap. [O. Fr. triacle — Gr. ihreiake, anti- 
dote against bites — therion, wild beast.] 

TREAD (tred), v. [pr.p. TREADING; p.*. TROD 
(trod); p.p. TROD or TRODDEN (trod'n).] I, 
vi. 1. Set the foot. 2. Walk; go. II. vt. 1. 
Walk on. 2. Trample in contempt; subdue. 
3. Put a tire on. [A. S. tredan.] 

TREAD (tred), n. 1. Pressure with the foot; 
step. 2. Manner of stepping. 3. One of the 
horizontal parts of a stair. 4. Part of wheel 
bearing on the rail or road. 5. Part of the 
rail on which the wheel bears. 

TREADER (tred'er), n. One who treads. 

TREADLE (tred'l), n. Part of machine which 
the foot treads on and moves; as, the treadle of 
a sewing-machine. [A. S. tredel, step.] 

TREADLE (tred'l), vi. [pr.p. TREADLING; p.t. 
and p.p, TREADLED (tred'ld).] Operate a 
treadle or treadles. 

TREADMILL (tred'mil), n. Mill worked by 
stepping from one to the other of the steps of 
a cylindrical wheel, used chiefly as an instru- 
ment of prison discipline. 



TREAD WHEEL (tred'hwel), n. Wheel kept in 
motion by the weight of a walking animal. 

TREASON (tre'zn), n. 1. Betrayal of a gov- 
ernment, involving a breach of allegiance. 2. 
Treachery; disloyalty. [O. Fr. traison (Fr. 
trahison) — L. trado, give up, betray. 

TREASONABLE (tre'zn-a-bl), a. Pertaining to, 
consisting of, or involving, treason. 

TREASURE (trezh'or), n. 1. Wealth stored up. 
2. Abundance. 3. Thing much valued. [Fr. 
tresor — Gr. thesauros.] 

TREASURE (trezh'or), vt. [pr.p. TREASUR- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. TREASURED (trezh'ord).] 
1. Hoard up. 2. Value greatly. 

TREASURER (trezh'or-er), n. 1. One who has 
the care of a treasury. 2. Officer of the 
Treasury Department, who receives the money 
of the United States, and disburses it upon 
warrants from the Secretary of the Treasury. 

TREASURE-TROVE (trezh'or-trov), n. Treas- 
ure found in the earth, owner being unknown. 
[TREASURE, and O. Fr. trove, found.] 

TREASURY (trezh'or-i), n. [pi. TREASURIES.] 
1. Place for depositing treasure or funds. 2. 
Department of government in charge of 
finances. — Treasury note, promissory note is- 
sued by United States treasury — a legal tender. 

TREAT (tret), v. [pr.p. TREAT'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TREATED.] I. vt. 1. Handle; use. 2. Dis- 
course on. 3. Entertain, as with food or drink, 
etc. 4. Manage, as a disease or patient. II. vi, 
1. Argue. 2. Negotiate. 3. Pay for the drinks, 
etc. [Fr. traiter — L. tracto, handle.] 

TREAT (tret), n. 1. Entertainment. 2. Pleas- 
ure. 3. Something paid for in compliment to 
another. 4. Turn to treat. — To stand treat 
(to), to pay for the entertainment of (another). 

TREATABLE (tret'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
treated, discussed, or handled. 

TREATISE (tre'tis), n. Written composition. 

TREATMENT (tret'ment), n. Manner of man- 
aging or using; behavior. 






• V IN THIS BUILDING, 

":••;••: ' AT THE INVITATION OF. .; : . -'V,'><7^> V 

THEODORE ROOSEVELT, ■•-: 
PRESIDENT OF; THE UNITED •; STATES,;: 

■■'.. • . - WAS HELtJ THE •. ;'/:'," ' ':■•'■ y ±\ 

: PEACE CONFERENCE 

'; . - BETWEEN THE •...<.. .^■■■■. VW 

ENVOYS OF RUSSIA AND JAPAN," 

•'"-/'.<•"..•..■,>-:- ;■.; ■,:■:'., MiO .■ .■:'• •'•■■V / --' ; ' V 

>?■- SEPTEMBER 5, 1905, AT 3.47 JWL, 

•■-•;.'• ;,; was signed • <* - : 

THE TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH 

... WHICH ENPED THE WAR BETWEEN THE TWO EMPIRES/Vg 



i!Mi/////////w//M"/' v ""f"'"""«/' ''''"/Ay//?" 

Treaty Tablet at Portsmouth, N. H., U. S. A. 

TREATY (tre'ti), n. Formal agreement between 
independent states signed by commissioners 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=« in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TREBIZOND 



1142 



TREMENDOUS 



duly authorized, and solemnly ratified by the 
several states. 

TREBIZOND (treb'i-zond), n. Seaport, Asia 
Minor, on Black Sea. 

TREBLE (treb'l), I. a. 1. Triple; threefold. 2. 
Music. High in pitch; soprano. II. n. So- 
prano; also the highest register of a musical 
instrument. [O. Fr. Form of TRIPLE.} 

TREBLE (treb'l), v. [pr.p. TREBLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TREBLED (treb'ld).] I. vt. Make thrice 
as much or threefold. II. vi. Become three- 
fold or thrice as much. 

TREBLE-TREE (treb'1-tre), n. Triple whifile- 
tree, for three horses abreast. 

TREBLY (treb'li), adv. In a treble manner. 

TRECHOMETER (tre-kom'e-ter), n. Device for 
measuring distance run by a vehicle; odome- 
ter; cyclometer. [Gr.trecho, run, and -METER.] 

TREE (tre), n. 1. Plant having a single trunk, 
woody, branched, and of a large size. 2. Any- 
thing like a tree. [A. S. treo, treow.] 

TREE (tre), v. [pr.p. TREE'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TREED (tred).] I. vt. 1. Drive to refuge in a 
tree; corner. 2. Shape on a wooden model 
or tree. II. vi. 1. Take refuge in a tree. 2. 
Take the form of a tree. 

TREE-ALOE (tre'al-6), n. Southwest African 
plant {Aloe dichotoma) of which the hollow 
stem is used as a quiver for poison arrows. 

TREE-AZALEA (tre'a-za-le-a), n. Small tree 
(Rhododendron arborescens) with fragrant rosy 
flowers, of Appalachian Mountains. 

TREE-CALF (tre'kaf), n. Brown calf binding 
with markings like the branches of a tree. 

TREE-CLIMBER (tre'klim-er), n. Animal that 
climbs trees, especially a climbing fish, as 
Anabas scandens, the climbing perch. 

TREE-FERN (tre'fern), n. Fern having a tree- 
like trunk. See cut under FERN. 

TREE-FROG (tre'frog), n. Frog that lives in 
trees; frog-shaped batrachian (strictly speak- 
ing, one of the family Ranidce) of arboreal 
habits. 

TREE-HOUSE (tre'hows), n. Habitation con- 
structed 
in a tree- 
top. 

TREENAIL 
(tre'nal),n. 
Long 
wooden!, 
pin (of lo- 
cust, oak 
or teak) to 
fasten the 
planks of a 

ship to the „,.'.' 

timbers Tree-houses in Philippine Islands. 

TREE-NYMPH (tre'nimf), n. Myth. Nymph 
living inside a tree as its spirit, her life ceas- 
ing with its life. 

TREE-ORCHIS (tre'or-kis), n. Orchid of the 
genus Epidendrum. 




TREE-OYSTER (tre'ois-ter), n. Oyster growing 
on roots or submerged limbs of trees. 





Oysters from mangrove trees, near Tumbes, Peru. 

TREE-TOAD (tre'tod), n. Toad that lives in 

trees; toad-shaped batrachian of arboreal 

habits, chiefly of the family Hylidce. 
TREF (tref), TREFA (tra'fa), a. Unclean; op- 
posed to KOSHER. [Heb.] 
TREFOIL (tre'foil), n. 1. Three-leaved plant, 

as clover. 2. Arch. 

Ornament like a 

trefoil. [O. Fr. 

trifoil — L. tri-t 

three, and folium, 

leaf.] 
TREHALA (tre-ha'la), n. Edible cocoon of an 

insect in Persia; Turkish manna. 
TREK (trek), vi. [pr.p. TREKKING; p.t. and p.p. 

TREKKED (trekt).] 1. Draw a wagon. 2. 

Travel; migrate. [S. Afr.] 
TREK (trek), w. 1. A drawing; traction. 2. 

Journey; migration. 
TRELLIS (trel'is), n. Lattice-work for supporting 

plants, etc. [Fr. treillis — L. trichila, arbor.] 
TREMATOSAURUS (trem-a-to-sa'rus), n. Genus 

of extinct amphibians known by their mailed 

skulls with orbital eye-openings surprisingly 

far forward toward the snout. 
TRE3IBLE (trem'bl), vi. [pr.p. TREMBLING; 

p.t. and p.p. TREMBLED (trem'bld).] 1. Shake, 

as from fear, cold, or weakness. 2. Waver, as 

sound. [Fr. trembler — L. tremulus, trembling — - 

tremo, shake.] 

SYN. Quake; quiver; shudder; totter. 

ANT. Stand; stay; rest. 
TREMBLE (trem'bl), n. Act of trembling. 
TREMBLER (trem'bler)* n. One who trembles. 
TREMENDOUS (tre-men'dus), a. That aston- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, woif; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, W.en, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TREMOLO 



1143 



TRIASSIC 






lshes or terrifies by Its force or greatness; 
dreadful. [L. tremendus.] 

SYN. Awful; frightful; terrible; formid- 
able; terrific; horrible. ANT. Unimposing; 
inconsiderable; insignificant. 

TREMOLO (trem'6-lo), ». Tremulous or flutter- 
ing effect in music. [It.] 

TREMOR (trem'ur or tre'mur), n. Trembling; 
shaking; quivering. [L.] 

TREMULOUS (trem'u-lus), a. 1. Affected with 
fear; quivering. 2. Lacking resolution; waver- 
ing. 

TREMULOUSLY (trem'u-lus-li), adv. In a 
tremulous manner. 

TREMULOUSNESS (trem'u-lus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being tremulous. 

TRENCH (trench), v. [pr.p. TRENCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. TRENCHED (treneht).] I. vt. Cut or 
dig (a ditch) ; dig deeply with the spade or plow. 
II. vi. Encroach. [O. Fr. trencher (Fr. tranch- 
er), cut.] 

TRENCH (trench), n. 1. Open ditch for drain- 
age. 2. Mil. Excavation to cover the advance 
of a besieging force, or to interrupt the ad- 
vance of an enemy. 

TRENCHANT (trench'ant), a. Cutting; sharp; 
severe; biting. 

TRENCHER (trench'er), n. 1. Large wooden 
plate. 2. Slice of bread, used for a plate. 3. 
Food; pleasure of the table. [Fr. tranehcir.] 

TREND (trend), vi. [pr.p. TRENDING; p.t. and 
p.p. TREND'ED.] Tend; run; go in a particular 
direction. [Probably from TEND.] 

TREND (trend), ». Tendency, or inclination in a 
particular direction. 

TREPAN (trep-an')<p n. 1. Small cylindrical saw 
used in perforating the skull. 2. Boring tool 
for sinking wells. [Gr. trypanon, auger.] 

TREPAN (trep-an'), vt. [pr.p. TREPANNING; 
p.t. and p.p. TREPANNED (trep-and').] Re- 
move a circular piece of the skull of with a 
trepan, in order to relieve the brain from pres- 
sure or irritation. 

TREPANG (tre-pang')» n. Sea-cucumber or sea- 
slug, eaten by the Chinese; beche-de-mer. 
[Malay tripang.] 

TREPHINE (tref-in' or tref-en'), n. Improved 
form of the trepan. [Fr.] 

TREPHINE (tref-in' or tref-en), vt. [pr.p. TRE- 
PHINING; p.t. and p.p. TREPHINED (tref- 
ind').] Perforate with a trephine; trepan. 

TREPIDATION (trep-i-da'shun), n. 1. State of 
alarm or terror. 2. A trembling of the limbs, 
as in paralytic affections. [L.trepidatio, alarm.] 

TRESPASS (tres'pas), vi. [pr.p. TRES'PASSING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRESPASSED (tres'past).]' 1. Pass 
over a limit. 2. Enter unlawfully upon an- 
other's land. 3. Cause inconvenience by im- 
portunity; intrude; sin. [O. Fr. trespasser — L. 
trans, across, and passus, step.] 

SYN. Encroach; infringe; obtrude; ex- 
ceed; trench; transgress; break. ANT. De- 
fend; resist; retreat. 



TRESPASS (tres'pas), n. 1. Act of trespassing. 
2. Any injury unlawfully inflicted upon 
another's rights, person, or property. 3. Any 
violation of a known rule of duty. 
TRESPASSER (tres'pas-er), n. One who tres- 
passes. 

TRESPASS-OFFERING (tres'pas-of-er-ing), n. 
Among primitive peoples, offering of value 
given in expiation of some injury done. 

TRESS (tres), n. Curl or braid of hair. [Fr. 
tresse — L. tricia — Gr. iricha, threefold — treis, 
three.] 

TRESS (tres), vt. [pr.p. TRESS'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRESSED (trest).] Adorn with, or arrange in, 
tresses. 

TRESTLE (tres'l), w. 1. Movable scaffold or 
support. 2. In bridges, framework supporting 
string-pieces, etc. 3. [pi.] Props of a ship 
under construction. [O. Fr. trcstcl — L. trans- 
trum, beam.] 

TRESTLE WORK (tres'1-wurk), n. Series of 
trestles and connecting frames, serving as a 
viaduct. 

TREVAT (trev'at), n. Instrument for cutting 
the pile threads of velvet. 

TREVES (trevz), n. City Rhenish Prussia, on 
the Moselle* 

TRI-, prefix. Three; treble. [Gr. and L.J 

TRIABLE (tri'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of being tried 
or tested. 2. Subject to legal trial. 

TRIACIS (.tri'a-sis), n. Genus of sharks with 
spiracles and trenchant teeth of small size. 
[Gr. treis, three, and akis, point.] 

TRIAD (tri'ad), n. Union of three. [Gr. trias, 
genit. triados, triad — treis, neut. tria, three.] 

TRIAL (tri'al), n. 1. Act of trying; examination 
by a test. 2. State of being tried; suffering; 
affliction; temptation. 3. Judicial examina- 
tion. [O. Fr. trier, cull — L.L. trito, freq. of 
L. tero, grind.] 

SYN. Experiment; essay; attempt. ANT. 
Conjecture; alleviation; relief. 

TRIANGLE (tri'ang-gl), n. 1. Plane figure with 
three angles and three sides. 2. Music. In- 
strument of steel in the form of a triangle. 
[L. triangulus — tri-, three, and angulus, angle.] 

TRIANGLED (tri'ang-gld), a. Having three 
angles; triangular. 

TRIANGULAR (tri-ang'gu-lar) 9 a. Having the 
form of a triangle; pertaining to a triangle. 

TRIANGULATE (tri-ang'gu-lat), vt. [pr.p. TRI- 
AN'GULATEVG; p.t. and p.p. TRIANGU- 
LATED.] 1. Make triangular. 2. Survey by 
means of triangles. 

TRIANGULATION (tri-ang-gu-la'shun), n. Act 
of triangulating. 

TRIAPSIDAL (tri-ap'si-dal), a. Having three 
apses, as most Greek churches. 

TRIASSIC (tri-as'ik), n. The lowest of the three 
great geological divisions of fossiliferous rocks 
which constitute the Mesozoic series (Triassie, 
Jurassic, Cretaceous). The Triassie contains 
the first remains of mammals 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TRIBAL 



1144 



TRICUSPID 




Tribal Indiana. 



TRIBAL (tri'bal), a. Of, pertaining to, or charac- 
teristic of , a tribe. 

TRD3ASIC (tri-ba'- 
sik), a. Having 
three hydrogen 
atoms replace- 
able by equiva- 
lents of a base. 

TRIBBLE(trib'l),n. 
Frame with hori- 
zontal wires on 
which sheets of 
paper are hung 
to dry. 

TRIBE (trib), n. 1. 
Race or family 
from the same 
ancestor. 2. 
Class; group. [L. 
tribus, third part, 
division.] 

TRIBLET (triblet), n. Mandrel used in making 
tubes, nuts, etc. [Fr. tribolet.] 

TRIBOMETER (tri-bom'e-ter), n. Sled-shaped 
apparatus for measuring amount of friction in 
rubbing surfaces. [Gr. tribo, rub, and -METER.] 

TRIBRACH (tri'brak), n. Classical metrical foot 

- of three short syllables. 

TRIBRACTEATE (tri-brak'te-at), a. Bot. Hav- 
ing three bracts. [L. tres, three, and bractea 
thin plate.] 

TRIBULATION (trib-u-la'shun), n. 1. Severe 
affliction. 2. Cause of suffering. [L. tribulatio — 
tribulum, threshing sledge — tero, rub.] 

TRIBUNAL (tri-bu'nal), n. 1. Judge's bench. 2. 
Court of justice. [L.] 

TRIBUNE (trib'un), n. 1. Magistrate elected by 
the Roman plebeians to defend their rights; 
champion of the people. 2. Raised platform 
from which speeches were delivered. [L. 
tribunus, representative of a tribe.] 

TRIBUTARY (trib'u-ta-ri), I. o. 1. Paying 
tribute. 2. Yielding supplies. 3. Paid in 
tribute. II. n. 1. One who pays tribute. 2. 
Stream flowing into another. [L. tributarius — 
tributum, tribute.] 

TRIBUTE (trib'ut), n. 1. Fixed amount paid at 
certain intervals by one nation to another for 
peace or protection. 2. Personal contribution, 
as of money, homage, etc. [L. tributum — 
tribuo, assign, give.] 

TRICE (tris), n. Instant. [Sp. tris, noise of break- 
ing glass.] 

TRICE (tris), vt. [pr.p. TRICING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRICED (trist).] Naut. Raise or lash with a 
rope. [L. Ger. trissen, wind up.] 

TRICENNIAL (tri-seni-ai), a. 1. Pertaining to 
thirty years. 2. Occurring every thirty years. 
[L. tricennium, thirty years.] 

TRICEPS (tri'seps), 1. a. Having three heads. 
II. n. Three-headed muscle. [L., three- 
headed — tri-y three, and caput, head.] 

TRICH-, TRICHI-, stems. See TRICHO-. 



TRICHI'NjE.] 




Trichina (highly 

magnified) . 
1. Female ready to 
give birth to thou- 
sands of embryos. 2. 
Cyst in which a lar- 
va remains coiled 



TRICHINA (tri-ki'na), n. [pi. 
Parasitic worm, which in its 
mature state infests the intes- 
tinal canal, and in its larval i 
state the muscular tissue, of 
man and certain animals, espe- 
cially the hog. [Gr. thrix (geni- 
tive trichos), hair.] 

TRICHINIASIS (trik-i-ni'a-sis) , 
TRICHINOSIS (trik-i-no'sis), n. 
Disease caused by the presence 
of trichinae in the body. 

TRICHINOUS (trik'i-nus), a. Of, 
pertaining to, or affected with, 
trichinae. 

TRICHO-, TRICHI-, TRICH-. 
stems. Pertaining to or resem- 
bling hair. [Gr. thrix (geni- £ body"*" "" 
tive trichos), hair.] 

TRICHOGEN (trik'o-jen), n. Substance which 
promotes the growth of hair. [TRICHO- and 
-GEN.] 

TRICHOGENOUS (tri-koj'e-nus), a. Promoting 
the growth of hair. 

TRICHOLOGY (tri-kol'o-ji), n. Science of the 
anatomy, diseases, etc., of the hair. [TRICH- 
and -OLOGY.] 

TRICHOPATHY (tri-kop'a-thi), n. Treatment of 
the diseases of the hair. [TRICHO- and 
-PATHY.] 

TRICHROMATIC (tri-kro-mat'ik), a. 1. Char- 
acterized by three colors. 2. Having the three 
fundamental color-sensations (red, green and 
purple). [TRI- and CHROMATIC] 

TRICK (trik), vt. [pr.p. TRICKING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRICKED (trikt).] Dress; decorate; usually 
with out. [Celt, tree] 

TRICK (trik), ro. 1. Fraud; stratagem. 2. 
Clever contrivance to puzzle or amuse. 3. 
Particular habit or manner. 4. Cards falling 
to a winner at one turn. [O. Fr. trecher, guile 
— Dut. trekken, draw.] 

TRICKERY (trik'er-1), n. 1. Practice of playing 
tricks. 2. Artifice. 

TRICKISH (trik'ish), a. Addicted to tricks. 

TRICKLE (trik'l), v. [pr.p. TRICKLING; p.t. 
and p.p. TRICKLED (trik'ld).] I. vi. Flow 
in drops. 11. vt. Pour in a small, slow stream. 
[Sc. trinkle.] 

TRICKSTER (trik'ster), n. One who practices 
trickery; cheat. 

TRICKSY (trik'si), a. Loving tricks; elusive. 

TRICKY (trik'i), a. Given to tricks; artful; 
deceptive; knavish. 

TRICOLOR (tri'kul-ur), I. a. Of three colors. 
II. n. National flag of France, of three colors, 
red, white, and blue, in vertical stripes. [Fr. 
tricolore.] 

TRICOT (tre-ko' or tre'ko), n. Woven fabric, re- 
sembling knitted work. [Fr.] 

TRICUSPID (tri-kus'pid), a. Having three 
cusps or points, as the valve In the right 
ventricle of the heart. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TRICYCLE 



1145 



TRINITARIAN 



TRICYCLE (tri'sik-1), n. Velocipede with three 
wheels. 

TRIDENT (trident), n. 1. Three-pronged fish- 
spear; scepter of Neptune, the sea-god. 2. 
Any three-pronged instrument. [Fr. — L. tri- 
dentem, accus. of tridens, trident — tri-, three, 
and dens, tooth.] 

TRIDENTAL (tri-den'tal) , o. Having three 
teeth or prongs. 

TRIDENT ATE (trl-den'tat), a. Three-pronged; 
tridental. [See TRIDENT.] 

TRIENNIAL (tri-en'i-al), a. 1. Containing three 
years. 2. Happening every third year. [L. 
triennium — tri-, three, and annus, year.] 

TRIER (trl'er), «,. 1. One who tries or tests in 
any way. 2. One who tries judicially. 

TRIESTE (tre-esf), n. Seaport, Austria, at head 
of the Adriatic. 

TRIFID (trl'fid), a. Divided into three parts or 
sections. [L. trifidus — tri-, three, and fidi, 
p.t. of findo, cleave.] 

TRIFLE (tri'fl), v. [pr.p. TRI'FLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRIFLED (trl'fld).] I. vt. Waste in 
trifling; fritter. II. vi. 1. Act or talk lightly. 
2. Indulge in silly amusements. [O. Fr. truffler, 
jest.] 

TRIFLE (tri'fl), n. Anything of little value. 

TRIFLER (tri'fler), n. One who trifles. 

TRIFLING (tri'fling), a. Of small importance. 

TRIFLINGLY (trl'fling-li), adv. In a trifling 
manner. 

TRIFOLIATE (trl-fo'li-at), a. Three-leaved. 
[TRI- and FOLIATE.] 

TRIG (trig), n. Trigonometry. (School slang.) 

TRIG (trig), a. Neat; tidy. 

TRIGGER (trig'er), n. 1. Catch which releases 
the hammer of a gun in firing. 2. Catch to 
hold a wheel on an incline. [Dut. trekker — 
trekken, pull.] 

TRIGLYPH (tri'glif), n. Three-grooved tablet at 
equal distances along the frieze in Doric archi- 
tecture. [Gr. triglyphos, thrice-cloven — tri-, 
three, and glypho, hollow out.] 

TRIGON (tri'gon), «. 1. Triangle. 2. Com- 
bination of three. [L. trigonum — Gr. trigonos, 
three-cornered — tri-, three, and gonia, angle.] 

TRIGONAL (trig'o-nal),a. Triangular. 

TRIGONOMETRY (trig-o-nom'e-tri), n. Branch 
of mathematics which treats of the relations 
between the sides and angles of triangles. [Gr. 
trigonon, triangle, and metron, measure.] 

TRIGRAPH (tri'graf), n. Three letters repre- 
senting one single sound. [TRI- and -GRAPH.] 

TRIHEDRAL (tri-he'draD, a. Having three 
sides. — Trihedral angle, solid angle formed by 
three intersecting planes. 

TRILABE (tri'lab), n. Surg. Three-pronged in- 
strument for seizing small bodies in a cavity. 

TRILATERAL (tri-lat'er-al), a. Having three 
sides. [L. tri-, three, and latus, side.] 

TRILATERAL (tri-llt'er-al), a. 1. Consisting of 
three letters. 2. Having three consonants in 
each root, as the Semitic languages. 




TRILITH (tri'lith), n. Monument consisting of 
two large rough stone pil- 
lars and a lintel. [Gr. tri-, 
three, and lithos, stone.] 

TRILL (tril), v. [pr.p. 
TRILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRILLED (trild).] I. vt. 

I. Utter or sing with a 
quavering or tremulous** 
voice. 2. Cause to sound 
With a tremulous pulsa- Trilith, near Stone- 
tion. II. vi. Sound with henge, England. 
tremulous vibrations. [Imitative.] 

TRILL (tril), n. 1. Trembling or quavering 
sound. 2. Music. Shake. 3. Consonant pro- 
nounced with a trilling sound. 

TRILLING (tril'ing), n. 1. One of three children, 
born at the same birth. 2. Compound crystal 
made up of three individuals. 

TRILLION (tril'yun), n. In the United States, a 
thousand billions, or a million millions; in 
England, a million of millions of millions. 

TRILOBATE (trl-16'bat or tri'16-bat), a. Having 
three lobes. [See TRILOBITE.] 

TRILOBITE (tri'lo-blt), ». One of an order of 
fossil Crustacea. [Gr. tri-, three, and lobos, 
lobe.] 

TRILOGY (tril'o-ji), w. Series of three dramas 
or narratives, related as parts of one great his- 
torical piece. [TRI- and -OLOGY.] 

TRIM (trim), I. a. 1. In good order; nice. 2. 
Naut. In good order for sailing. II. n. 1. 
State of preparation; order; condition. 2. 
Costume; dress; style. (A. S. trum, firm.] 

TRIM (trim), v. [pr.p. TRIM MING ; p.t. and p.p. 
TRIMMED (trimd).] I. vt. 1. Make trim; put 
in due order. 2. Decorate or ornament. 3. 
Dress out. 4. Clip; pare; prune; reduce to 
proper form. 5. Dress, as timber. 6. Arrange 
for sailing; adjust (a cargo) as to distribution 
of weight. II. vi. Hold or adapt a middle 
course between parties, so as to appear to 
favor each. 

TRIMETER (trim'e-ter), n. Verse consisting of 
three measures. [TRI- and METER.] 

TRIMMER (trim'er), n. One who trinrs. 

TRIMMING (trim'ing), n. 1. That which orna- 
ments or perfects. 2. Act of one who trims. 3. 
A sharp scolding or thrashing. 

TRINAL (tri'nal), a. Threefold. [L. trinus.] 

TRINDLE (trin'dl), n. 1. Long thin wax taper 
rolled in a coil. 2. Bookbinder's tool for 
flattening the back of a book before cutting. 
[Variant of TRUNDLE.] 

TRINE (trin), I. a. Same as TRINAL. II. n. 
Aspect of planets 120° apart. 

TRINGLE (tring'gl), n. 1. Curtain-rod on which 
rings may slide. 2. Strip of wood. 

TRINIDAD (trin-i-dad'), n. Brit. W. Indian 
island. Area 1,755 sq. m. 

TRINITARIAN (trin-i-ta'ri-an), I. a. Pertaining 
to the Trinity, or to the doctrine of the Trinity. 

II. n. One who holds the doctrine of the Trinity. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TRIXITARIANIS3I 



1146 



TRITON 



TRINITARIANISM(trin-l-ta'rl-an-izm), n. The 
tenets of Trinitarians. 

TRINITY (trin'i-ti), n. 1. Theol. The three 
persons of the Godhead. 2. [t-] [pi. TRIN'- 
ITIES.] Union of three in one. [L. trinitas.] 

TRINITY-SUNDAY (trln'1-tl-sun-da), n. Sun- 
day next after Whitsunday. 

TRINKET (tring'ket), n. 1. Small ornament for 
the person. 2. Small fancy article. [O. Fr. 
trenquet, small knife.] 

TRINOMIAL, (tri-no'ml-al), I. a. 1. Math. Con- 
sisting of three terms connected by the sign 
+ or — . 2. Zool. t etc. Consisting of three 
words, as a technical name. II. n. 1. Tri- 
nomial quantity. 2. Technical name consist- 
ing of three words. [TRI-, and L.nomen, name.] 

TRIO (tre'6), n. 1. Set of three. 2. JSI usic. Com- 
position for three performers. [It. — L. tres, 
three.] 

TRIOLET (tre'o-let), n. Poem of eight short 
lines on two rhymes, repeating the first line as 
the fourth, and the first two as the last two. 

TRIP (trip), v. [pr.p. TRIPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRIPPED (trlpt).] I. vi. 1. Move with short, 
light steps. 2. Stumble and fall; err. II. vt* 1. 
Cause to stumble by striking one's feet from 
under one; overthrow by taking away sup- 
port. 2. Free; release, as an anchor from the 
bottom. [Cf. Ger. trippeln.] 

TRIP (trip), n. 1. Light, short step. 2. Short or 
quick journey. 3. False step; mistake. 4. 
Catch by which an antagonist is thrown. 

TRIPARTITE (trlp'ar-tit), a. 1. Having three 
parts or parties. 2. Made in three copies. 

TRIPARTITION (trip-ar-tish'un), n. Division 
Into three. 

TRIPE (trip), n. Large part of the stomach of 
ruminating animals, prepared for food. — Plain 
tripe, of the first stomach. — Honeycomb tripe, 
of the second stomach. [Fr.] 

TRIPHAMMER (trip'ham-er), n . Hammer 
tripped or released on its axis by the contact 
of a cam or tooth with the tall of the helve; 
tilt-hammer. 

TRIPHTHONG (trif'thang or trlp'thang), n. 
Three vowels forming one sound, as eau In 
beau, eye, and ieu In adieu. [TRI-, and Gr. 
phthongos, sound.] 

TRLPINNATE (tri-pin'at), a. Bot. Having the 
leaflets themselves again pinnate. [TRI- and 
PINNATE.] 

TRIPLANE (tri'plan), ». Aeroplane having three 
planes or sup- 
porting surfaces. 
[TRI- and 
PLANE.] 

TRIPLE (trlp'l), 
a. 1. Threefold. 
3. Three times 
repeated. [L. tri- 
plus.] Triplane. 

TRIPLE (trlp'l), v. [pr.p. TRIP'LING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRIPLED (trlp'ld).] I. vt. Make treble or 




threefold the number or quantity of; treble. 

n. vi. Increase threefold. 
TRIPLET (triplet), a. 1. Three of a kind united; 

group of three notes occupying the time of 

two. 2. One of three children born at one 

birth. 
TRIPLICATE (trlp'li-kat), I. a. Threefold; 

made thrice as much. II. n. Third copy or 

thing corresponding to two others of the same 

kind. [TRI-, and L. plico, fold.] 
TRIPLICATION (trip-li-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 

trebling or triplicating. 2. That which Is 

triplicated. 
TRIPOD (tri'pod), n. Anything on three feet or 

legs, as a stool, stand, vase, 

caldron, etc. [Gr. tripous, tri- 

podis, three-footed — tri- 9 three, 

and pous, podos, foot.] 
TRIPODAL (trip'od-al), a. Of or 

pertaining to a tripod; having 

three feet or legs. 

n. [pi. 
Group of 



City and 




Tripod. 



TRIPODT (trlpod-i), 
TREP'ODEES.] Pros. 
three feet. 

Tripoli (trip'o-u), n. 

province of the Ottoman Em- 
pire, N. Africa. 
TRIPOLI (trip'o-11), w. Mineral used as polish - 

ing-powder; rottenstone. [From the city of 

Tripoli in Africa.] 
TRIPPER (trip'er), n. 1. One who trips. 2. 

Excursionist; tourist. 3. Driver or conductor 

paid by the trip. 
TRIPPINGLY (trip'Ing-li), adv. With a light, 

quick step; nimbly. 
TRIPSIS (trip' sis), n. 1. Act of pulverizing. 3. 

Process of shampooing. [Gr., rubbing.] 
TRIPTYCH (trip'tik), n. 1. A picture in three 

parts side by side. 2. Three writing tablets, 

hinged together. [Gr. fri-, three, and ptyche, 

fold.] 
TRLREME (tri'rem), n. Ancient warship with 

three rows of oars on a side. [L. triremis — - 

tri-i three, and remus, oar.] 
TRISECT (tri-sekf), vt. [pr.p. TRISECT'ING; 

p.U and p.p. TRISECT'ED.] Cut into three 

equal parts. [L. tri- s three, and seco, cut.] 
TRISECTION (tri-sek'shun), n. Division of any- 
thing into three equal parts. 
TRISYLLABIC (tris-il-lab'ik), TRISYLLABIC- 

AL (tris-il-lab'ik-al), a. Consisting of three 

syllables. 
TRISYLLADLE (tris-il'a-bl 

or tri-sil'a-bl), n. Word 

of three syllables. 
TRITE (trit), a. Worn out 

by use; hackneyed. [L. 

tritus, p.p. o* tero 9 rub.] 

Triton (tn'ton), n. 1. 

Greek Myth. Marine demi- Triton. 

god, one of the trumpeters of Poseidon (Nep- 
tune). 2. Genus of m, H asks with a wreathed 
univalve shell. [Gr. Tnton.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



TRITURABLE 



1147 



TROOP 



TRITURABLE (trit'u-ra-bl) , a. That may be 
reduced to a fine powder. 

TRITURATE (trit'u-rat), vt. [pr.p. TRIT'U- 
RATING; p.t. and p.p. TRITURATED.] Re- 
duce to a powder or pulp; pulverize. [L.L. 
trituro — L. tero, rub.] 

TRITURATION (trit-u-ra'shun), n. Act of trit- 
urating or state of being triturated. 

TRITURIUM (tri-tu'ri-um), n. [pi. TRITU'- 
RIA.] Vessel for separating liquors of different 
densities. [L. tritura, a threshing.] 

TRIUMPH (tri'umf), n. 1. In ancient Rome, 
a solemn procession in honor of a victorious 
general. 2. Joy over success. 3. Victory. 
[L. triumphus. Origin unknown.] 

TRIUMPH (tri'umf), vi. [pr.p. TRIUMPHING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRIUMPHED (tri'umf t).] 1. Cel- 
ebrate a victory with pomp. 2. Rejoice over 
a victory. 3. Obtain victory; succeed. 

TRIUMPHAL (tri-um'fal), a. Of or pertaining 
to a triumph; celebrating a triumph or victory; 
as, a triumphal arch, a triumphal hymn. 

TRIUMPHANT (tri-um'fant) , a. 1. Victorious. 
2. Exultant. 

TRIUMPHANTLY (trl-um'fatat-li), adv. In a 
triumphant manner. 

TRIUMVIR (tri-um'ver), n. [pi. TRIUMVIRI 
(tri-um'vl-ri).] In ancient Rome, one of three 
men united in office. [L.] 

TRIUMVIRATE (tri-um'vi-rat), n. 1. Associa- 
tion of three men in office. 2. Government by 
three persons. [L. triumvir atus.] 

TRIUNE (trl'un), a. Being three in one; as, a 
triune deity. [L. tri-, three, and unus, one.] 

TRIVET (trlv'et), n. Stool or other thing sup- 
ported on three feet. — Might as a trivet, stand- 
ing firm; perfectly right. [L. tripes.] 

TRIVIAL (triv'i-al), a. Common; of little im- 
portance. [L. trivialis — trivium, place where 
three ways meet.] 

SYN. Trifling; childish; frivolous; insig- 
nificant; ridiculous; shallow. ANT. Im- 
portant; weighty; serious. 

TRIVIALITY (triv-i-al'i-ti), n. State or quality 
of being trivial. 

TRIVIALLY (triv'I-al-i), adv. In a trivial man- 
ner. 

TRIWEEKLY (tri-wek'li), a. 1. Occurring 
once in three weeks. 2. Less correctly, occur- 
ring three times a week. 

TROCHAIC (tro-ka'ik), I. a. Consisting of 
trochees. II. n. Trochaic verse. [L. trocha- 
icus.] , 

TROCHAL (tro'kal), a. Wheel-shaped; round; 
encircling; revolving. [Gr. trochos, wheel.] 

TROCHE (tro'ke, troch or tiok), n. Medicated 
lozenge or tablet. [Gr. trochos, wheel, disk.] 

TROCHEE (tro'ke), n. Metric?* foot of one 
long and one short syllable. [Gr. trochos, 
running.] 

TROCHILUS (trok'i-lus), n. 1. A plover-like 
Egyptian bird. 2^' -One of several species of 
humming-bird. [L.^-Gr. trochilos — trechd,Tun.] 



TROCHLEAR (trok'le-ar), I. a. Pulley-like; 
forming a loop or slide. II. n. A trochlear 
muscle or nerve. 

TROCHOID (tro'koid), a. Top-shaped; revolv- 
ing. 

TROD (trod), v. Past tense and past participle of 
TREAD. 

TRODDEN (trod'n), v. Past participle of TREAD. 

TROGLODYTE (trog'lo-dit), n. Cave-dweller. 
[Gr. trogle, cave, and dyo, enter.J 

TROGLODYTIC (trog-lo-dit'ik), a. Cave-dwell- 
ing. 



n. 1. Genus of beautiful 



TROGON (tro'gon), 
tropical birds. 2. 
[t-] Any bird of 
this genus, the 
most brilliant and 
gorgeous of which 
is the long-tailed 
or paradise trogon. 

Trojan (tro'jan), 

1. a. Pertaining 
to ancient Troy. 
II. n. 1. Inhabitant of ancient 
Troy. 2. One who fights or works 
with determination. 

TROLL (trol), v. [pr.p. TROIX'ING; 
p.U and p.p. TROLLED (trold).] I. 
vt. 1. Move circularly. 2. Sing 
the parts of in succession, as of a 
catch or round. II. vi. 1. Roll; 
move or run about. 2. Sing a 
catch. 3. Fish, especially for pike, 
by working the bait up and down. 
4. Fish by trailing a line along the 
surface, behind a boat. [Perhaps 
— Fr. troler, lead about — Celt, root 
seen in Wei. trolis 9 
twist, roll.] 

TROLL (trol), n. 1. A 

going round ; repetition. Paradise Trogon. 

2. Fishing-reel. 3. Artificial bait. 4. Song, the 
parts of which are sung in succession; round. 

TROLLER (trol'er), n. One who trolls. 

TROLLEY (troll), n. 1. Grooved metal wheel 
running on an overhead wire, and serving as a 
connection to transmit an electric current to 
the motor of a street-car, etc. 2. Trolley-car. 
[From TROLL.] 

TROLLEY-CAR (trol'i-kar), n. Electric car op- 
erated by means of a trolley connection with 
the circuit wires. 

TROMBONE 
(trom'bon), 
n. Deep- 
toned brass 
mu s i c a 




Trombone. 
trumpet kind. [It. tromba, 



wind in- 
strument of the 
trumpet.] 

TROMPE (tromp), n. Apparatus in whieh falling 
water creates an air blast. [Fr.] 

TROOP (trop), n. 1. Collection of people. 2. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
a=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl. Men, kh=e& in Scotch loch. 



TROOP 



1148 



TROW 



[pi.) Soldiers. 3. Small body of cavalry cor- 
responding to a company of infantry. 

TROOP (trop), vi. [pr.p. TROOPING; p.t. and 
p.p. TROOPED (tropt).] 1. Collect in num- 
bers. 2. March in a company, or in haste. 

TROOPER (trop'er), n. Cavalry soldier. 

TROPE (trop), n. Figure of speech including 
metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche and irony. 
[Gr. tropos — trepo, turn.] 

TROPHEST (trof'e-si), n. [pi. TROPH'ESIES.] 
Morbid state resulting from defective nerve- 
force nutrition. [Gr. trophe, nourishment.] 

TROPHI (tro'fi), n.pl. Mouth-parts of insects. 

TROPHIC Urof'ik), a. Pertaining to nutrition. 

TROPHY (tro'fi), n. 1. Memorial of a victory, 
erected on or near the 
field of battle. 2. Any- 
thing taken from an 
enemy and preserved 
as a memorial of victo- 
ry. 3. Any memorial 
of victory, triumph, 
or success. [Fr. tro- 
phee — Gr. tropaion — 
trepo, turn.] 

TROPIC (trop'ik), I. n. 
1. One of the two cir- 
cles on the celestial 
sphere, 33° 28' distant 
on each side from the 
equator, where the sun 
seems to turn, after 
reaching its greatest 
declination north or 
south. 2. One of two circles (tropic of Cancer 
on the north, tropic of Capricorn on the south) 
on the terrestrial globe, corresponding to these. 
3. [pi.] Region lying between the tropics. II. a. 
Tropical. [Gr. tropikos, relating to a turning.] 

TROPICAL (trop'ik-al), a. 1. Of or pertaining 
to the tropics. 2. Characteristic of the tropics. 

TROPIC-BIRD (trop'ik-berd), n. Beautiful 
natatorial bird 
of the genus 
Pha'ethon. 

TROPISM (tro'- 
pizm), n. Biol. 
1. Growth in or- 
ganisms in re- 
lation to envi- 
ronments. 2. 
Quality in an 
organism that 
determines the 
manner of Its 
growth. [Gr.tro- 
pos, turning.] 

TROT (trot), v. 
[pr.p. TROT'- 

TING; p.t. and p.p. TROTTED.] 
I. vi. 1. Go faster than a walk and 
slower than a run. 2. Run, as a 
horse, lifting one fore-foot and the hind-foot of 




International Aviation 
Trophy. 




Tropic-bird 



II. vi. 1. 

trot. [Fr. 



the opposite side at the same time. 
Ride at a trot. 2. Pass over at £ 
trotter.] 

TROT (trot), n. Pace of a horse or other quadru- 
ped when trotting. 

TROTH (troth or troth), n. 1. Faith; fidelity; 
veracity. 2. Betrothal. [See TRUTH.] 

TROT-LINE (trot'lin), n. Same as TRAWL- 
LINE. 

TROTTER (trot'er), n. One who or that which 
trots; specifically, a trotting-horse. 

TROTTING-HORSE (trot'ing-hars), n. Horse 
trained to trot. 

TROUBADOUR (tro'ba-dor), n. One of a class 
of minstrels from the 11th to 13th century, 
chiefly in Provence, France. [Fr. — root of 
TROPE.] 

TROUBLE (trub'l), v. [pr.p. TROUBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. TROUBLED (trub'ld).] I. vt. 1. Put 
into a confused state. 2. Put to some incon- 
venience or exertion. II. vi. 1. Become turbid. 
2. Take trouble. [Fr. troubler — O. Fr. tourbler 
— L. turba, crowd, tumult.] 

SYN. Agitate; disturb; annoy; distress; 
molest; afflict; harass; grieve; inconveni- 
ence; embarrass; vex. ANT. Compose; 
calm; please. 

TROUBLE (trub'l), w. 1. Vexation; annoyance; 
worry; difficulties. 2. Vexatious circum- 
stance. 3. Cause of distress. 4. Disease. 

TROUBLESOME (trub'1-sum), TROUBLOUS 
(trub'lus), a. Causing inconvenience; vexa- 
tious. 

TROUGH (traf), n. 1. Long, hollow vessel for 
water, etc.; long tray. 2. Long narrow chan- 
nel. [A. S. trog.] 

TROUNCE (trowns), vt. [pr.p. TROUNCING; 
p.t. and p.p. TROUNCED (trownst).] Beat se- 
verely. [O. Fr. troncer, cut.] 

TROUPE (trop), n. A company, especially of 
actors, acrobats or other performers. [Fr.] 

TROUSERING (trow'zer-ing), n. Cloth for ma- 
king trousers. 

TROUSERS (trow'zerz), n.pl. Long breeches; 
pantaloons. [O. Fr. trousses. See TRUSS.] 

TROUSSEAU (tro-sd'), n. Bride's outfit in dress- 
es and other garments. [Fr., dim. of trousse, 
bundle.] 

TROUT (trowt), n. 
Common name 
for numerous va- 
rieties of fresh- 
water fish of the 
salmon family. 
[Fr. truite; A. S. truht- 

TROVER (trover), n. 1. The gaining posses- 
sion of goods. 2. Action at law for wrongful 
taking or detention of goods. [O. Fr. trover, 
find.] 

TROW (tro), vi. [pr.p. TROWING; p.t. and p.p. 
TROWED (trod).] Hold as true; believe. Obso- 
lete except in the archaic expression I trow. 
[A. S. treowian, trust.] 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TROWEL 



1149 



TRUNCATE 



TROWEL (trow'el), n. Tool used in spreading 
mortar and in gardening. [Fr. truelle — L. 
trulla, ladle. J 

TROY (troi), TROY- WEIGHT (troi'wat), n. Sys- 
tem of weight used for gold, silver and precious 
stones. The troy pound has 12 ounces, the 
ounce 20 pennyweights, and the pennyweight 
24 grains. The avoirdupois, or pound of com- 
merce, equals 7000 grains troy. 

TROYES (trwa), n. Capital of department of 
Auhe, France, on the Seine. 

TRUANCY (tro'an-si), n. Act of playing truant. 

TRUANT (tro'ant), I. n. 1. Idler. 2. Child 
who without excuse stays away from school. 
II. a. Wandering from duty; idle. — Truant 
officer, official appointed to look after truants. 
[O. Fr. truand, vagabond.] 

TRUCE (tros), n. Temporary suspension of hos- 
tilities. [M. E. treowa, faith — treowe, true.] 

TRUCK (truk), v. [pr.p. TRUCKING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRUCKED (trukt).] I. vt. Exchange; 
barter; swap; peddle. II. vi. Traffic by ex- 
change. [Fr. troquer, barter.] 

TRUCK (truk), n. 1. Exchange of goods; bar- 
ter. 2. Small commodities, especially garden 
produce. 3. Rubbish. 

TRUCK (truk), n. 1. Wheel. 2. Platform on 
wheels, conveying heavy articles; strong 
heavy vehicle sometimes driven by a motor. 
3. Wooden cap on top of a mast or flagstaff. 
[Gr. trochos, wheel.] 

TRUCKAGE (truk'aj), rc. 1. Practice of ex- 
changing goods. 2. Charge for carrying arti- 
cles on a truck. 

TRUCKER (truk'er), TRUCKSTER (truk'ster), 
n. 1. One who traffics by exchange of 
goods. 2. One who raises and peddles garden 
vegetables. 

TRUCKLE (truk'l), vi. [pr.p. TRUCK XING; p.t, 
and p.p. TRUCKLED (truk'ld).] Yield meanly 
to the demands of another. 

TRUCKLE (truk'l), n. 1. Small wheel. 2. 
Trundle-bed. [Dim. of TRUCK.] 

TRUCKLER (trukler), n. One who truckles. 

TRUCKLING (truk'ling), a. Disposed to truckle. 

TRUCKMAN (truk'man), n. [pi. TRUCKMEN.] 
1. Driver of a truck. 2. Dealer in truck. 

TRUCULENCE (truk'u-lens), TRUCULENCY 
(truk'u-len-si), n. Quality or state of being 
truculent. 

TRUCULENT (truk'u-lent), a. Very fierce; bar- 
barous; cruel. [L. truculentus — trux, fierce.] 

TRUCULENTLY (truk'u-Ient-li), adv. In a 
truculent manner. 

TRUDGE (truj), vi. [pr.p. TRUDGING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRUDGED (trujd).] Walk with effort; 
travel laboriously on foot. [Origin doubtful.] 

TRUDGE (truj), n. Tiresome walk. 

TRUE (tro), a. 1. Agreeing with fact; conform- 
able to nature, reason, rule or law. 2. Faith- 
fully adhering to friends, to a promise, etc. 3. 
Genuine; real; rightful. 4. Sure; unerring. 
[A. S. treowe.] 




Truffle, and a small 
piece in cross-section. 



SYN. Correct; exact; certain; trust- 
worthy; straight; trusty; reliable; unwaver- 
ing; loyal; pure; actual. ANT. Fictitious; 
false; unreliable. 
TRUE (tro), vt. [pr.p. TRUING; p.t. and p.p. 
TRUED (trod).] Make true; adjust; make ex- 
actly square, level, etc. 

TRUE-BLUE (tro'blo), I. n. One faithful to 
the principles of his religion or politics. II. a. 
Faithful; loyal. 

TRUE-LOVE (tro'luv), n. Sweetheart; lover. 

TRUENESS (tro'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
true. 

TRUFFLE (truf'l), n. Fungus growing under- 
ground and used in fine 
cookery. [O. Fr. truffle — 
L. tuber.] 

TRUFFLED (truf'ld), a. 
Cooked with truffles. 

TRUISM (tro'izm), n. Self- 
evident or undenied truth. 

SYN. Axiom; max- 
im; aphorism. ANT. 
Paradox; discovery; 
originality. 

TRULY (tro'li), adv. According to truth; In 
fact; honestly. 

TRUMP (trump), n. Trumpet. [O. Fr. trompe, 
trumpet.] 

TRUMP (trump), n. 1. One of the suit of cards 
which takes any of the other suits, 2. One 
upon whom one may depend; good fellow. 
[From TRIUMPH.] 

TRUMP (trump) , v. [pr.p. TRUMP'ING ; p.t. and 
p.p. TRUMPED (trumpt).] I. vt. Play a 
trump card on; take with a trump. II. vi. 
Play a trump. 

TRUMPERY (trump er-i), I. n. 1. Falsehood; 
boastful or empty talk. 2. Showy, worthless 
things. II. a. Worthless. [Fr. tromperie — 
tromper, deceived,] 

TRUMPET (trumpet), n. 
music with a ringing 
and clear tone, used 
chiefly in war and for 
military music. [Fr. 
trompette, dim. of 
trompe, trump.] Trumpet. 

TRUMPET (trumpet), v. [pr.p. TRUMP'ETING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRUMPETED.] I. vt. Publish 
by trumpet; proclaim; sound the praises of. 
II. vi. Sound a trumpet; emit a trumpet-like 
cry. 

TRUMPET- CREEPER (trump'et-krep-er), n. 
A hardy, woody climbing vine with long, tubu- 
lar flowers. 

TRUMPET-TONGUED (trump'et-tungd), o. 
Having a loud voice. 

TRUNCATE (trung'kat), vt. [pr.p. TRUNCA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. TRUNCATED.] Cut off; 
lop. [L. trunco, maim.] 

TRUNCATE (trung'kat), TRUNCATED (trung- 
ka-ted), a. Terminating abruptly; cut off short. 



Wind instrument of 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



TRUNCHEON 



1150 



TRY-SQUARE 



TRUNCHEON (trun'shun), n. 1. Trunk; shaft. 
2. Club; staff of authority. [Fr. tronchon.] 

TRUNCHEON (trun'shun), vt. [pr.p. TRUN'- 
CHEONING; p.t. and p.p. TRUNCHEONED 
(trun'shund).] Beat with a club. 

TRUNDLE (trun'dl), n. 1. Anything round; 
wheel. 2. Truck. 3. Trundle-bed. [A. S. 
trendel, roller.] 

TRUNDLE (trun'dl), v. [pr.p. TRUNDLING; 
p.t. and p.p. TRUNDLED (trun'dld).] I. vt. 
Cause to roll or bowl along. II. vi. Roll. 

TRUNDLE-BED (trun'dl-bed), n. Low bed on 
wheels, that may be pushed under a common 
bed, for the use of attendants or children. 

TRUNK (trungk), n. 1. Main stock of a tree. 2. 
Body of an animal apart from the limbs. 3. 
Main body of anything. 4. Proboscis of an 
elephant. 5. Chest for clothes. 6. [pi.] Close- 
fitting short breeches. [Fr. tronc — L. truncus.] 

TRUNK-HOSE (trungk'hoz), n. Short, wide 
breeches, gathered in above or 
at the knees. 

TRUNK-LINE (trungk'lin), n. Main 
line of a railway from which 
branch-lines diverge. 

TRUNNION (trun'yun), n. One of I 
the knobs on each side of a gun 
by which It rests on the carriage. 
[Fr. trognon — tronc, stump.] 

TRUSS (trus) n. 1. Bundle. 2. 
Timbers, iron-work, etc., fast- 
ened together for supporting a 
roof, bridge, etc. 3. Bandage 
used in ruptures. [Fr. trousse.] Trunk-hose. 

TRUSS (trus), vt. [pr.p. TRUSS'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRUSSED (trust).] 1. Bind up; pack 
close; skewer. 2. Furnish with a truss. 

TRUSS-BEAM (trus'bem), n. Wooden beam re- 
inforced, as by a tie-rod. 

TRUST (trust), n. 1. Confidence in the truth of 
anything. 2. Act or state of resting on the in- 
tegrity, friendship, etc., of another. 3. Credit, 
especially sale on promise to pay. 4. He or 
that which is the ground of confidence. 5. 
That which is given or received in confidence; 
charge; office. 6. Estate managed for another. 
7. Combination of several corporations for the 
purpose of economizing expenses, regulating 
production, controlling prices, and defeating 
competition. [Ice. traust, trust. Cf. Ger. trost, 
consolation. From root of TRUE.] 

TRUST (trust), v. [pr.p. TRUSTING; p.t. and 
p.p. TRUST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Put trust or con- 
fidence in. 2. Commit to the care of. 3. 
Give credit to; credit. II. vi. 1. Be inspired 
with confidence. 2. Practice giving credit. 

TRUSTEE (trus-te'), n. One to whom anything 
is intrusted, especially the management of 
a property for the benefit of others. 

TRUSTEESHIP (trus-te'ship), n. Office or func- 
tions of a trustee. 

TRUSTFUL (trust'fol), a. 1. Trusting. 2. 
Worthy of trust. 




TRUSTFULNESS (trust'fol-nes), ». Quality or 
state of being trustful. 

TRUSTINESS (trus'ti-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being trusty. 

TRUSTWORTHINESS (trust'wur-*M-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being trustworthy. 

TRUSTWORTHY (trust'wur-tM), a. Worthy of 
confidence; trusty. 

SYN. Faithful; honest; loyal; upright; 
reliable; true; accurate. ANT. Unfaithful; 
deceitful; treacherous. 

TRUSTY (trus'ti), I. a. [comp. TRUS'TIER; 
superl. TRUS'TIEST.] 1. Deserving confi- 
dence; reliable. 2. Trusting. 3. Involving 
responsibility. II. n. [pi. TRUSTIES.] One 
deserving confidence, especially a convict 
given partial freedom because of good con- 
duct. 

TRUTH (troth), n. 1. Harmony between 
thought and fact; freedom from falsehood or 
error. 2. That which is according to facts; 
true state of things, or facts. 3. Practice of 
speaking, or disposition to speak, the truth. 4. 
True statement; established principle. — Of a 
truth, truly. [A. S. treowth — treowe, true.] 

SYN. Verity; actuality; exactness; cor- 
rectness; faithfulness; veracity. 

TRUTHFUL (troth'fol), a. According, or adher- 
ing, to truth. 

TRUTHFULLY (troth'fol-i), adv. In a truthful 
manner. 

TRUTHFULNESS (troth'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being truthful. 

TRY (tri), v. [pr.p. TRY'ING; p.t. and p.p. TRIED 
(trid).] I. vt. 1. Test by use; prove by ex- 
periment. 2. Examine judicially. 3. Ex- 
perience. 4. Attempt. 5. Use as means. 6. 
Put to severe trial; cause suffering to. II. vi. 
Make an effort. — Try back, hark back, revert, 
go back in thought, as in testing steps in a 
process. — Try out, separate grease from the 
greaves by frying. [Fr. trier, pick out, cull — 
L.L. trito, triturate, freq. of L. tero, rub.] 

TRY (tri), n. [pU TRIES (triz).] 1. Act of try- 
ing; trial. 2. Football. In the Rugby game, 
a point scored, giving the right to a kick at 
goal. 

TRYING (tri'ing), a. 1. Adapted to try. 2. 
Searching; severe. 

Trypanosoma (tnp-a-no-so'ma), trypano- 

SOME (trip'a-no-som), n. Genus of parasitic 
protozoans of the flagellate Infusoria. To 
Trypanosoma the sleeping sickness of Africa 
has been traced. [Gr. trypanon, borer, and 
soma, body.] 

TRYPOT (tri'pot), n. Kettle in which wha- 
lers try out blubber. 

TRYSAIL (tri'sal), n. 1. Reduced sail used in 
small craft, instead of their mainsail, in a 
storm. 2. Small fore-and-aft sail set with a 
boom and gaff. 

TRY-SQUARE (tri'skwar), n. Carpenter's 
square consisting of a thin blade of graduated 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, rait; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



TRYST 



1151 



TUFT 



steel let into a wooden piece at right angles 
thereto. 

TRYST (trist or trist), n. Appointment to meet; 
appointed meeting or place of meeting. — Bide 
tryst, wait as appointed to meet one. [From 
TRUST.] 

TSAR (tsar), n. Czar. 

TSETSE (tset'sS),n. South African fly (Glossina 
morsitans) whose bite is fatal to cattle. 

TSIEN (chen), w. Chinese brass coin, of the 
value of one-tenth of a cent, called by foreign- 
ers cash, which see. 

T-SQUARE (te'skwar), n. Draftsman's ruler. 
[T and SQUARE.] 

TUB (tub), n. 1. Open wooden vessel with two 
handles, made of staves, hoops and a bottom. 
3. Quantity a tub holds. 3. Sponge-bath 
taken standing in the bath-tub. — Throw a tub 
to a whale, create a diversion to escape from a 
danger. [L. Ger. tubbe.] 

TUB (tub), v. [pr.p. TUB'BING; p.t. and p.p. 
TUBBED (tubd).] I. vt. Plant in a tub. II. 
vi. Bathe in a tub. 

TUBA (tu'ba), n. Bass wind instrument of 
very low pitch. [L., 
trumpet.] 

TUBAGE (tu'baj), rc. 
1. The insertion of 
a tube, as in the lar- 
ynx. 3. The lining 
of a heavy gun with 
a tube of steel or 
bronze. 

TUBAL, (tu'bal), a. 
Med. Of or pertain- 
ing to certain pas- 
sages of the body 
called tubes, espe- 
cially to the two 
ducts extending from 
ovaries to uterus. 

TUBBING (tubing), n. 
1. Art of making tubs. 

3. Watertight lining of shafts in mines. 
Bathing; bath. 5. Racing in tubs. 

TUBBISH (tub'ish), TUBBY (tub'i), a. Like a 
tub or barrel; round and fat. 

TUBE (tub), n. 1. Long, narrow, hollow cylin- 
der; pipe; conduit. 3. Telescope. [Fr. — L. 
tubus.] 

TUBER (tu'ber), n. Rounded, fleshy, under- 
ground stem, as in the potato. [L. tumeo, 
swell.] 

TUBERCLE (tu'ber-kl), n. 1. Small swelling; 
pimple. 3. Small knob on leaves. 3. Minute 
granular tumor in the substance of an organ, 
due to the presence of a bacillus, [L. tubercu- 
lum, dim. of tuber.] 

TUBERCLED (tuber-kid), a. Having tubercles. 

TUBERCULAR (tu-ber'ku-lar), TUBERCU- 
LOUS (tu-ber'ku-lus), a. 1. Formed like a 
tubercle. 2. Affected with or caused by tuber- 
cles. 




Tuba. 

Material for tubs. 
4. 



TUBERCULIN (tu-ber'ku-lin), n. Liquid pre- 
pared from culture of tubercle-bacilli used as 
a test to determine whether cattle are tuber- 
culous. 

TUBERCULOSIS (tu-ber-ku-16'sis), n. Disease 
Characterized by formation of tubercules and 
by tubercle-bacilli present in the diseased tis- 
sue. — Pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption. 
— Acute miliary tuberculosis, quick consump- 
tion. 

TUBEROSE (tub'roz), n. A bulbous plant with 
creamy-white, extremely fragrant flowers. 

TUBEROSITY (tu-ber-os'I-tl), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being tuberous. 2. Swelling or prom- 
inence. 

TUBEROUS (tu'ber-us), a. Having or consisting 
of tubers or projections; knobbed. 

TUBING (tu'bing), n. 1. Length of tube. 3. 
Tubes collectively. 3. Materials for tubes. 4. 
Act of making or providing with tubes. 

TUBULAR (tu'bu-lar), a. Having the form of a 
tube or tubes. 

TUBULAR-BELLS (tu'bu-lar-belz), n.pl. Mu- 
sical instrument consisting of a number of 
metal tubes, graduated in length to the musical 
scale, each closed at one end to produce a con- 
tinued air-column and having its metal tuned 
to accord therewith. 

TUBULATED (tu'bu-la-ted), TUBULOUS (tu'- 
bu-lus), a. 1. Having the form of a small 
tube. 2. Having a small tube. 

TUBULATURE (tu'bu-la-tur), n. Mouth or 
short neck at the upper part of a tubulated re- 
tort. 

TUBULE (tu'bul), n. Small tube. [L. tubulus, 
dim. of tubus.] 

TUCK (tuk), vt. [pr.p. TUCKING; p.t. and p.p. 
TUCKED (tukt).] 1. Draw or press in or to- 
gether; fold under; gather up. 2. Inclose by 
pressing clothes closely around. [L. Ger. 
tucken.] 

TUCK (tuk), n. Horizontal fold in a garment. 

TUCKAHOE (tuk'a-ho), n. 1. Aquatic plant 
with edible root-stocks, used as food by the 
Indians of Virginia. 3. Large, underground 
fungus of southern United States. [Am. Ind.] 

TUCKER (tuk'er), vt. [pr.p. TUCKERING; p.t. 
and p.p. TUCKERED (tuk'erd).] Exhaust; 
wear out; tire; usually in the phrase tuckered 
out. (Colloq. U. S.) 

TUCKER (tuk'er), n. 1. One who or that which 
tucks. 3. Piece of cloth tucked or drawn over 
the bosom, formerly worn by women and 
children. 3. State of being tuckered out. 

-TUDE, suffix. Forms abstract nouns, as grati- 
tude. [L. -tudo.] 

TUESDAY (tuz'da), n. Third day of the week. 
[A, S. Tiwes dag, day of Tiw, the god of war. 
Cf. Gr. Zeus.] 

TUFA (tu fa), TUFF (tuf), n. Rock formed by 
the ash from a volcano, or by calcareous de- 
posits from springs. [It. tufa — L. tofus.] 

TUFT (tuft), n. Cluster of small, slender things 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






TUFT 



1153 



TUNDRA 



fastened together at the bottom; cluster; 
clump. [From root of TOP.] 

TUFT (tuft), vt. [pr.p. TUFTING; p.t. and p.p. 
TUFT'ED.J 1. Separate into tufts. 2. Adorn 
with tufts. 

TUFTED (tuft'ed), a. Adorned with, or forming, 
a tuft. 

TUFT-HUNTER (tuft'hunt-er), n. Mean hang- 
er-on of the great. [From the TUFT in the cap 
worn by noblemen at English universities.] 

TUFTY (tuft'i), a. Abounding with tufts. 

TUG (tug), v. [pr.p. TUG'GING; p.t. and p.p, 
TUGGED (tugd).] I. vt. 1. Drag along. 2. 
Tow by means of a tug. II. vi. Pull with ef- 
fort; struggle. [Doublet of TOW.] 

TUG (tug), n. 1. Strong pull. 2. Contest; su- 
preme effort. 3. Small, strong, low-built 
steam-vessel for towing ships; tug-boat. 

TUG-BOAT (tugbot), n. Small, strongly-built 
steamboat, used for tugging or towing sailing 
or other vessels. 

TUG-OF-WAR (tug-ov-war'), n. 1. Game in 
which a number of persons at one end of a rope 
pull against a like number at the other end, 
each side endeavoring to draw the other across 
a line marked out on the ground. 2. Any la- 
borious effort or struggle for mastery. 

TUITION (tu-lsh'un), n. 1. Protection; care, 
especially over a young person. 2. Teach- 
ing. 3. Charge for instruction. [L. tuitio — 
tueor, look to.] 

TUITIONAL (tu-ishun-al), a. Of or pertaining 
to tuition. 

TULIP (tu'lip), n. Bulb- 
ous garden-plant with 
showy, liliaceous flow- 
ers. [Fr. tulipe — Turk. 
tulbend, turban.] 

TULIP-TREE (tu'lip-tre),/^P 
n. Large American 
shade tree bearing flow- 
ers resembling the tulip. 

TULLE (tol), n. Deli- 
cate kind of silk net. Tull P- 
[From Tulle, town of France.] 

TULWAR (tul'war), n. Saber of the Sikhs of 
Northern India. 

TUMBLE (tum'bl), v. {pr.p. TUMBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. TUMBLED (tum'bld).] I. vi. 1. Fall; 
come down suddenly and violently. 2. Roll. 
3. Twist the body, as an acrobat. 4. Under- 
stand; comprehend. (Colloq.) II. vt. 1. Throw 
headlong; turn over. 2. Throw about while 
examining; rumple. [A. S. tumbian, dance.] 

TUMBLE (tum'bl), n. Act of tumbling. — Take a 
tumble to one's self, suddenly see one's own 
conduct in a proper light. (Slang.) 

TUMBLE-BUG (tum'bl-bug), n. Beetle that lays 
eggs in hollow balls of dung. 

TUMBLER (tum'bler),n. 1. One who tumbles. 2. 
Large drinking-glass. 3. Variety of domestic 
pigeon, so called from its tumbling on the 
wing. 4. Spring-latch that engages a bolt. 




TUMBLING-BOX (tum'bling-boks), n. Cylin- 
drical box, In which small castings, etc., are 
rolled with emery powder, to polish them. 

TUMBREL (tum'brel), n. 1. Cart with two 
wheels for conveying the tools of pioneers, ar- 
tillery stores, etc. 2, Cart of any kind. [O. 
Fr. tomberel, dumpcart — tomber, fall.] 

TUMEFACTION (tu-me-fak'shun), n. 1. Act 
of tumefying. 2. Tumor; swelling. 

TUMEFY (tu'me-fl), v. [pr.p. TUMEFYING; 
p.t. and p.p. TUMEFIED (tu'me-fid).] I. vt. 
Cause to swell. II. vi. Rise in a tumor; 
swell. [L. tumeo, swell, and facio, make.] 

TUMESCENT (tu-mes'ent), o. Swelling. 

TUMID (tu'mld), a. 1. Swollen; enlarged. 2. 
Inflated in language; pompous; turgid; bom- 
bastic. [L. tumidus — tumeo, swell.] 

TUMIDITY (tu-mid'i-ti), TUMIDNESS (tu'mid- 
nes), n. Quality or state of being tumid. 

TUMIDLY (tu'mid-li), adv. In a tumid manner. 

TUMOR (tu'mur), n. Pathol. Morbid swelling; 
any morbid parasitic growth. [L. tumeo, swell.] 

TUMOROUS (tu'mur-us), a. Swollen; tumid. 

TUM-TUM (turn' turn), n. West Indian dish of 
mashed boiled plantain. 

TUMULAR (tu'mu-lar), a. Formed in a heap. 
[See TUMULUS.] 

TUMULOUS (tu'mu-lus), a. Full of hillocks or 
mounds. [From TUMULUS.] 

TUMULT (tu'mult), n. Uproar of a multitude; 
violent agitation. [L. tumultus.] 

TUMULTUARY (tu-mul'tu-a-ri), a. Disorderly; 
turbulent. 

TUMULTUOUS (tu-mul'tu-us), a. 
mult; noisy; boisterous. 

TUMULTUOUSLY (tu-mul'tu-us-li), 
tumultuous manner. 

TUMULUS (tu'mu-lus), n. [pi. TUMULI (tu'- 
mu-li).] Mound of earth over a grave; barrow. 
[L„ heap.] 

TUN (tun), n. 1. Large cask. 2. Measure of 
capacity for liquids=3 pipes=4 hogsheads= 
252 gallons. [A. S.] 

TUNA (tu'na), n. Prickly pear, the fruit of va- 
rieties of Opun- 
tia, a family of 
cacti, eaten in 
large quantities 
in tropical coun- 
tries where it 
grows. The spe- 
cies known ast^g 
Tuna cardona is 
the most highly 
prized of all the 
Mexican tunas. 

TUNABLE (tu'na- 
bl), a. Capable 
of being made 
harmonious or 
tuneful. 

TUNDRA (ton'dra) 



Full of tu- 



adv. In a 




Tuna (T. cardona). 

Flat or undulating 



marshy plain 5 common in Siberia. [Russ.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. ' 



TUNE 



1153 



TURBULENT 



Very heavy, grayish 
as steel. [Sw. tung, 

Pertaining to, or ob- 



TUNE (tun), n. 1. Melodious succession of notes 
in a particular key; melody; air. 2. State of 
giving the proper sound ; harmony. [Variation 
Of TONE.] 

TUNE (tun), v. [pr.p. TU'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
TUNED (tund).] I. vt. 1. Cause to be in 
tune. 2. Sing or play harmoniously. 3. At- 
tune. II. vi. 1. Form melodious or harmoni- 
ous sounds. 2. Hum a tune. 

TUNEFUL (tun'fol), a. Melodious; musical. 

TUNEFULLY (tun'fol-i), adv. In a tuneful way. 

TUNEFULNESS (tun'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being tuneful. 

TUNELESS (tun'les), a. 1. Without tune; un- 
musical. 2. Silent. 

TUNER (tu'ner), n. One who adjusts the sounds 
of musical instruments. 

TUNGSTATE (tung'stat), n. A salt of tungstic 
acid. 

TUNGSTEN (tung'sten), n. 
metal, nearly as hard 
heavy, and sten, stone.] 

TUNGSTIC (tung'stik), a. 
tained from, tungsten. 

TUNIC (tu'nik),n. 1. Loose body-garment worn 
by the Romans under the toga. 2, Vestment 
of Roman Catholic sub-deacons and bishops. 
3. Loose outer garment, girdled at the waist, 
worn by women. 4. Membrane that covers 
some organ, as the eye. 5. Covering, as of a 
seed. [Fr. tunique — L. tunica,] 

TUNICATE (tu'ni-kat), TUNIC ATED (tu'ni-ka- 
ted), a. Having a tunic or covering. 

TUNICLE (tu'ni-kl), n. Little tunic. [L. tunicu- 
la, dim. of tunica.] 

TUNING-FORK (tu'ning-fark), n. Two-pronged 
steel instrument, which when set in vibration 
gives a musical sound of a certain pitch; used 
to measure pitch of musical 
tones. 

TUNIS (to'nls), n. French 
city and protectorate In N. 
Africa. Area 51,000 sq. m. 

Tunisian (to-nis'i-an), i. a. 

Pertaining to Tunis. II. n. 

Native or inhabitant of Tu-| 

nis. 
TUNNEL (tun'el), n. 1. Pas- 

sage or roadway cutl 

through a hill, beneath the 

ground, or under a river; 

used in mining, conveying 

water, and as a passage-way for railway 

trains, etc. 2. Any long, narrow passage, as a 

chimney-flue, funnel, etc. [Fr. tonnelle, dim. 

of tonne, tun.] 
TUNNEL (tun'el), v. [pr.p. TUN'NELING; p.t. 

and p.p. TUNNELED (tun'eld).] I. vt. 1. 

Cut or drive a tunnel through or under. 2. 

Form like a tunnel. 3. Catch in tunnel-nets. 

II. vi. Form a tunnel by cutting, blasting, etc. 
TUNNEL-NET (tun'el-net), n. Fishing-net with 

a wide mouth and narrowing in length. 




Tunisian. 



TUNNY (tun'i), n. Ipl. TUNNIES (tun'iz).J Large 
food-fish (up to 1,000 lbs.) of the mackerel 
family, found chiefly on the Mediterranean 
coasts; also called horse mackerel. [Gr. thy nnos 
— thy no, dart along.] 

TUP (tup), n . 1. Ram. 2. striiklng part of a 
tilt or steam-hammer. 

TUPELO (tu'pel-6), n. Large swamp tree (Nyssa 
uniflora) with light, soft wood, which does not 
split. [Am. Ind.] 

TUPIK (to'plk), n. Single-poled tent made of 
skins. [Alaskan Eskimo.] 

TURBAN (turban), n. 1. Head-covering worn 
by eastern nations, consisting of a cap with a 
sash wound around it. 2. Circular head-dress 
worn by ladies. 3. Whole whorl of a shell. 
[Pers. tulbend. Cf. TULIP.] 

TURBANED (tur'band), a. Wearing a turban. 

TURBARY (tur'ba-rl), n . [pi. TUR'BARIES.J 

1. Right of digging peat on another's ground. 

2. Peat moor. [L.L. turba, turf.] 
TURBELLARIA (tiir-bel-la'ri-a) n.pl. Order 

of ciliated flatworms, commonly called whirl- 
worms. [N. L., so called from the disturbance 
caused in the water by their moving cilia — L. 
turbellw, dim. of turba, disturbance.] 

TURBELLARIAN (tiir-bel-la'ri-an), I. a. Per- 
taining to the Turbellaria. II. n. Member 
of the Turbillaria; ciliated flatworm. 

TURBID (tur'bid), a. 1. Having the sediment 
disturbed; muddy. 2. Confused. [L, turbidus 
— turba, confusion.] 

TURBIDLY (tiir'bid-li), adv. In a turbid man- 
ner. 

TURBIDNESS (tur'bid-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being turbid. 

TURBINATE (tur'bi-nat), a. Shaped like a top 
or inverted cone. — Turbinate bone, one of three 
bones (inferior, middle and superior), between 
mouth and nose. [L. turbinatus — turbo, 
spinning-top.] 

TURBINE (tur'bin), n* Horizontally rotating 
water-wheel. — Steam turbine, turbine impelled 
by steam instead of water. — Turbine engine, 
engine driven by a steam turbine. 

TURBINOID (tur'bi-noid), a. Top-shaped; spi- 
rally coiled. 

TURBIT (tur'bit), n. Breed of domestic pigeons 
with white body and colored wings. 

TURBO-MOTOR (tur'bo-mo-tur), n . 
driven turbine. 

TURBOT (tur'but), n* Large 
flat fish, esteemed a delica- 
cy. [Fr. — O. Fr. turbout — 
L. turbo, spinning-top.] 

TURBULENCE (turbu-lens), 
TURBULENCY (tur'bu-len- 
sl), n. Quality or state of be- 
ing turbulent. 

TURBULENT (tur'bu-lent), a. 

in violent commotion. 2. Disposed to dis- 
order. [L. turbulentus — turba, crowd.] 

SYN. Disorderly; boisterous; agitated; 



A motor- 




Turbot. 
1, Disturbed; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



TUBBULENTLY 



1154 



TUBN-ABOUT 



restless; refractory? irregular; noisy; law- 
less;, riotous; seditious. ANT- Peaceful; 
quiet* orderly. 

TUBBULENTLY (tur'bu-lent-li), adv. In a tur- 
bulent manner. 

TUBDOID (tur'doid), a. Thrush-like. [L. tur- 
dus, thrush, and Gr. eidos, form.] 

TUBDUS (tur'dus),n. Genus of thrushes with 
throat other than streaked and general color 
other than black. [L.] 

TUBEEN (tu-ren'), n. Deep, covered table-dish 
for holding soup. [Fr. terrine — L. terra, earth.] 

TUBF (turf), n. 1. Surface of land matted with 
the roots of grass, etc.; earth covered with 
short grass. 2. Cake of turf cut off; sod. 3. 
Peat. 4. Bace-ground; horse-racing. [A. S.] 

TUBF (turf), vt. [pr.p. TURFING; p.t. and p.p. 
TURFED (turft).] Cover with turf or sod. 

TUBFINESS (turfi-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being turfy. 

TUBF-KNIFE (turf'nif), n. Knife with curved 
blade, bent handle and tread for the foot. 

TUBFY (turf'i), o. Abounding in or covered 
with turf. 

TUBGENT (tiir'jent), a. 1. Swelling; rising into 
a tumor. 2. Inflated; bombastic. [L.turgens, 
turgentis — turgeo, swell.] 

TUBGESCENCE (tur-jes'ens), n. Process of 
swelling or state of being swollen. [L. turges- 
cens — turgeo, swell.] 

TUBGESCENT (tur-jes'ent), a. Growing turgid 
or inflated; swelling. 

TUBGID (tur'jid), a. 1. Swollen; unnaturally 
distended. 2. Bombastic. 
[L. turgidus.] 

SYN. Bloated; tumid; 
puffed up; pompous; stilt- 
ed; grandiloquent. ANT. 
Uninflated; subdued; 
normal. 

TUBIN (tu'rin) ; It. ToBINO 
(td-re'no), n. City in N. 
Italy. 

TUBK (turk), n. 1. One of 
the race dominant in Tur- 

key. 2. A Mohammedan. 4 , , , n „ ra ., Q ,. 

TUBKESTAN (tor-kes-tan), ofS^tnll^ 
n. Bussian Central Asia. deposed 1909. 

TURKEY (tur'ki), n. Empire in S. E. Europe 
and W.Asia. Area 1,565,000 
sq. m. 

TUBKEY (tur'ki), n. Large 
gallinaceous bird, a native 
of America, so called be- 
cause erroneously sup- 
posed to have originally 
come from Turkey. 

TURKEY-BUZZARD (tur'ki- 
buz-ard),n. American vul- 
ture, especially Cathartes 
aura, of southern U. S. and 
South America. 

TURKEY-COCK (tiir'ki-kok), n. Male turkey. 





Wild Turkey (Meli- 
cagris gallopavo). 




Turkey-gnat (Si- 
mulium meridion- 
ale). 

n. 1. Kind of 
used 



TUKKEY-GNAT (tur'ki-nat), n. Small black 

fly {Simulium tneridionale) , 

which attacks poultry. 
TUBKEY-GOBBLEB (tiir'ki- 

gob-ler), n. Male turkey, so 

called from its cry. 
TURKEY-HEN (tur'ki-hen), n. 

Female turkey. 

Turkey-red (tur'ki-red), n . 

1. Fine durable red dye, ob- 
tained from madder in Tur- 
key. 2. Cotton cloth dyed of 
this color. 

TURKEY-STONE (tur'ki-ston) 

oilstone brought from Asia Minor, and 
for hones. 2. Turquoise. 

TURKISH (tiirk'ish), I. a. Of, pertaining to, 
or derived from Turkey. II. n. The language 
of the Turks. 

TURKISH-BATH (turk'ish-bath), n. Hot-air 
bath after which the patient is rubbed down 
and gradually cooled. 

TURK'S-HEAD (turks'hed), n. 1. Knot made 
by laying turns of cord around a rope. 2. Long 
broom with round head. 3. Cake-pan with a 
hollow cone in the center, admitting the heat 
to the middle parts of the cake. 

TURMEBIC (tur'mer-ik), n. Boot of an E. In- 
dian plant of the ginger family used as a yellow 
dye, in curry-powder, and as a chemical test 
for the presence of alkalies. [Etym. unknown.] 

TURMOIL (turmoil), n. Distracting confusion; 
bustle; uproar. [Fr.*remomZZe,hopperof a mill.] 

TUBN (turn), v. [pr.p. TURNING; p.t. and 
p.p. TURNED (turnd).] I. vi. 1. Whirl round. 
2. Hinge; depend. 3. Issue; result. 4. Take 
a different direction. 5. Become by a change. 
6. Be shaped by rotation in a lathe. 7. Sour. 8. 
Become giddy. 9. Be nauseated. 10. Change 
from ebb to flow, or from flow to ebb. II. vt. 

1. Cause to revolve. 2. Be verse; change the 
position or the direction of. 3. Make to nau- 
seate; make giddy. 4. Bevolve in the mind. 
5. Infatuate or make mad. 6. Cause to re- 
turn with profit, as a penny. 7. Transfer; 
convert. 8. Form in a lathe; shape. [A. S. 
tynan — L. torno, turn In a lathe.] 

TUBN iturn), n. 1. Act of turning; revolution. 

2. New direction; change. WRITTEN 

3. Winding; bend. 4. Form 
of expression; manner. 5. 
Opportunity; time. 6. Pur- 
pose; convenience. 7. Act of 
kindness or malice. 8. 
Music. Embellishment 
indicated b7 the sign 
r-', consisting of the 
principal and its acces- 
sory notes above and 
below. Turn. 

TUBN-ABOUT (turn'a-bowt), n. Merry-go- 
round; revolving platform with seats, hobby- 
horses, etc. 



» 



PL- AY ED 



M 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, p^ove; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u iv .zo*ih gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfr iu Scotch loch. 






TURNBUCKLE 

TURNBUCKLE (turn'buk-1), n. 
the turning of 
which brings^ 
two rods 
closer togeth- 
er endwise 



1155 TUSCANY 



Metallic loop 



m^^^^^Smm 



Turnbuckle. 



TURNCOAT (turn'kot), n. One who abandons 

his principles or party. 
TURNER (tiirn'er), n. One who turns, especially 

with a lathe. 
TURNER (tbr'ner), n. Member of a turnverein; 

gymsast; athlete. [Ger. turnen, exercise.] 
TURNERY (turn'er-i), n. [pi. TURN'ERIES.] 

1. Art of turning or of shaping by a lathe. 2. 
Things made by a turner. 

TURNING (turn'lng), n. 1. Winding; deviation 
from a course. 2. Turnery. 3. [pi.] Chips. 

TURNING-POINT (turn'ing-point), n. 1. Point 
on which a question turns, and which decides 
the case. 2. Point at which motion changes 
direction. 3. Grave and critical period. 

TURNIP (tur'nip), n. 1. Plant of many varie- 
ties, whose bulbous root is used as food. 2. 
Its edible root. [TURN, and A. S. ncepe, turnip.] 

TURNIP-FLY (tiir'nip-nl), n. [pi. TUR'NIP- 
FLIES.] One of several insects injurious to 
turnips. 

TURNIP Y (tur'nip-i), o. Turnip-like; as, most 
bottled horseradish is turnipy. 

TURNKEY (turn'ke), n. 1. One who has 
charge of the keys in a prison; warden. 2. 
Old-time tool for drawing teeth. 

TURNOUT (turn'owt), n. 1. A turning out; at- 
tendance. 2. Carriage with the horses. 3. 
Strike or striker. 4. Short side-track in a 
railway. 5. Total product. 

TURNOVER (turn'6-ver), I. n. 1. Semicir- 
cular pie having the crust doubled over on it. 

2. Amount of money taken in a retail shop 
during a specified time. II. a. That turns 
over or reverses. 

TURNPIKE (turn'pik), n. 1. Tollgate; turn- 
stile. 2. Turnpike-road. [Originally, two 
cross-bars armed with pikes, and turning on 
a post.] 

TURNSOLE, TURNSOL (turn'sol), n. 1. Plant 
so called because its flowers turn towards the 
sun, as the heliotrope or sunflower. 2. Poi- 
sonous plant of the Mediterranean. [Fr. tour- 
nesol — tourner, turn, and sol (for soleil) — L. 
sol, sun.] 

TURNSPIT (turn'spit), n. 1. One who turns a 
spit. 2. Person engaged in some menial oc- 
cupation. 

TURNSTILE (turn'stil), n. 1. Revolving frame 
in a footpath which prevents the passage of 
cattle. 2. Similar device to bar the passage of 
more than one person at a time. 

TURNSTONE (turn'ston), n. Small bird, allied 
to plovers, which turns over pebbles in search 
of food. 

TURNTABLE (turn'ta-bl), n. Turning platform 
for shifting cars to another track. 



TURNVEREIN (torn'fer-in), n. Association for 
the practice of gymnastics. [Ger.] 

TURPENTINE (tur'pen-tin), n. Resinous sap of 
the terebinth and other trees. — Spirit of tur- 
pentine, oil separated from the resin contained 
in the crude turpentine. [Fr. terebenthine 
— L. terebintha — Gr. terebinthos.] 

TURPITUDE (tur'pi-tud), n. Vileness of princi- 
ples or actions; inherent depravity. [L. turpi- 
tudo — turpis, base.] 

TURQUOISE (tiir'koiz), n. Blue, or bluish-green, 
opaque mineral consisting of hydrous alumi- 
num phosphate, valued as a gem. [Fr., 
literally, Turkish, so called because first 
brought from Turkey.] 

TURRET (tur'et), n. 1. Small tower. 2. Ro- 
tating tower, as on a warship. 3. Raised 
middle part of a railroad car-roof, used for ad- 
mitting air and light. [O. Fr. touret (Fr. tou- 
rette), dim. of tour, tower. See TOWER.] 

TURRETED (tur'et-ed), a. 1. Furnished with 
turrets. 2. Formed like a tower. 

TURRET-GUN (tur'et-gun), n. Gun for use in a 
revolving turret. 

TURRET-SHIP (tur'et-ship), n. Armored ship 
of war, with guns placed In one or more re- 
volving turrets. 

TURTLE (tur'tl), n. 1. Tortoise. 2. Print. 
Curved frame 
for holding ster- 
eotype form for 
cylinder press. 
— Turn turtle, 
capsize. [Cor- 
rup. of TOR- 
TOISE.] 

TURTLEBACK 
(tur'tl -bak), n. 
Something shaped like the back of a turtle, as 
an ancient chipped stone implement or a mod- 
ern rounded back cover over the rear seats of 
a motor-car. 

TURTLE-DOVE (tur'tl-duv), n. Species of 
pigeon of a very tender and affectionate dispo- 
sition. [A. S. turtle — L. turtur, imitation of 
the bird's note, and DOVE.] 

TURTLEHOOK (tur'tl-hok), n. Fishhook spe- 
cially designed for catching turtles. The Ha- 
waiian natives use a flat 
stone (see cut) with two 
hooks lashed to the upper 
part and running out in 
opposite directions. 
Squids or cuttlefish are 
sometimes caught with 
this hook. 

Tuscan (tuskan), a. of 

or belonging to Tuscany 
in Italy; denoting an old, 
simple order of architec- 
ture. Turtlehook. 
TUSCAN Y (tus'ka-ni), n. A department in Italy, 
formerly a grand-duchy. 




Turtle. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
xi=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TUSH 



1156 



TWIG 




TT7SH (tush), inierj. Be silent! an exclamation 
of scorn or impatience. 

TUSK (tusk), n. Long, 
pointed tooth on either 
side of the mouth of 
certain rapacious an- 
imals; upper incisor 
of an elephant. [A. S. 

TUSK^tusk), vt. [pr.p. Tusk of prehistoric tiger. 
TUSK'ING; p.t. and p.p. TUSKED (tuskt).] 

1. Gore with the tusks. 2. Thrust or move 
With the tusks. 

TUSKED (tuskt), a. Having tusks. 

TUSSER (tusker), n. Silk produced by various 
woruis, other than the silk- worm. 

TUSSLE (tus^ tu Scuffle; conflict. [From 
TOUSLE.] 

TUSSOCK (tus'ok), n. Tuft of growing grass or 
twigs. [Dim. of Dan. tusk, tuft.J 

TUSSOCK-GRASS (tus'ok-gras), n. Highly nu- 
tritious food-grass, found in peat bogs of the 
Falkland Islands and In Patagonia. 

TUSSOCK-MOTH (tus'ok-math), n. Moth whose 
destructive lar- 
va is tufted. 
The white- 
marked species 
(Orgyia leuco- 
stigma), is very 
destructive to 
American shade 
trees. 

TUT (tut), inter j. 
Exclamation 
expressing im- 
patience or dis- 
approval. 

TUTELAGE (tti'- 
tel-aj), n. 1. 
Guardianship. land2 - 

2. State of being under a guardian. [L. tute- 
la — tueor, guard.] 

TUTELAR (tu'te-lar), TUTELARY (tu'te-la-rl), 
a. Having the charge of a person or place. [L. 
tutelaris — tutela. See TUTELAGE.] 

TUTOR (tu'tur), n. [fern. TU'TOBESS.] One who 
has charge of the education of another; teach- 
er. [L., from tueor, guard.] 

TUTORAGE (tu'tur-aj), n. 1. Office or author- 
ity of a tutor. 2. Education, as by a tutor. 

TUTORSHIP (tu'tur-ship), n. 1. Office of a tu- 
tor. 2. Guardianship. 

TUTTI (tot'l). Music. I. a. All; opposed to 
SOLO. II. n. All the voices or instruments 
together. [It.] 

TUTTI-FRUTTI (tot'i-frot-1), n. Confection, 
especially ice-cream, flavored with, or con- 
taining, several kinds of fruit. 

TU-WHIT (to-bwlt), TU-WHOO (to-hwo'), n. 
Word imitating the cry of an owl. 

TUXEDO (tuks-e'do), n. A kind of semi-formal, 
short coat. [Tuxedo, N. J.] 




Tussock-moth. 
Male moths. 3 and 4. Larvag. 



TUYERE (twe-yar'), n. Air blast nozzle, through 
which air enters a blast-furnace; twyer. [Fr.] 

TWADDLE (twod'l), vi. [pr.p. TWADDLING; 
p.t. and p.p. TWADDLED (twod'ld).] Talk in a 
silly pretentious manner. 

TWADDLE (twod'l), n. Pretentious silly talk; 
affected nonsense. 

TWAIN (twan), n. Two. [A. S. twSgen.] 

TWANG (twang), v. [pr.p. TWANG'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWANGED (twangd).] I. vi. 1. Sound 
as a tight string pulled and let go. 2. Sound 
with a quick, sharp noise. 3. Make music by 
plucking strings. II. vt. Make to sound with 
a twang. [Imitative.] 

TWANG (twang), n. 1. Sharp, quick sound, as 
of a tight string when pulled and let go. 2. 
Nasal tone of voice. 

TWEAK (twek), vt. [pr.p. TWEAK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWEAKED (twekt).] Pinch and pull. [A. 
S. twiccian. See TWITCH.] 

TWEAK (twek), n. Sharp pinch or pull; twitch. 

TWEED (twed), n. Woolen, twilled cloth, gen- 
erally of two-colored yarn, used for men's 
suits. [Corrup. from TWILL.] 

TWEEDLE (twe'dl), vt. [pr.p. TWEE'DLING; 
p.t. and p.p. TWEEDLED (twe'dld).] 1. Trifle 
with. 2. Wheedle. [Etym. doubtful.] 

TWEEDLE (twe'dl), n. Sound like that of a vio- 
lin. — Tweedledee and tweedledum, phrase de- 
noting an almost Imperceptible difference. 

TWEEZERS (twe'zerz), n.pl. Small pincers 
for pulling out hairs, etc. [Fr. etuis, instru- 
ment cases.] 

TWELFTH (twelfth), I. a. Last of twelve. II. 
n. One of twelve equal parts. [A. S. twelfta.] 

Twelfth -day (tweifthda), Twelfth- 
tide (twelfth'tid), n. Twelfth day after 
Christmas; Epiphany. 

TWELVE (twelv), I. a. Ten and two. II. n. 
1. Number next after eleven. 2. The figures 
representing twelve. [A. S. twelf.] 

TWELVEMO (twelv'mo), n. and a. Duodecimo; 
12mo; Xllmo. 

TWELVEMONTH (twelv'munth), n. Year. 

TWENTIETH (twen'ti-eth), I. a. Last of twen- 
ty. II. n. One of twenty equal parts. 

TWENTY (twen'ti), I. a. Twice ten; nineteen 
and one. II. n. 1. Number next after nine- 
teen. 2. Figures representing twenty. [A. S. 
twentig.] 

'TWERE (twer). Contraction of IT WERE. 

TWI-, prefix. Two. [A. S.] 

TWIBILL (twi'bil), n. Double-bladed battle-ax. 

TWICE (twis), adv. Two times; once and again; 
doubly. [A. S. twiges — twi-, double.] 

TWIDDLE (twid'l), v. [pr.p. TWIDDLING; p.t. 
and p.p. TWIDDLED (twid'ld).] I. vt. Twirl 
Idly; play with. II. vi. Revolve; twirl; toy. 

TWIG (twig), n. 1. Small shoot or branch of a 
tree. 2. Divining-rod. [A. S. twig; cf. Ger. 
zweig. Akin to TWO.] 

TWIG (twig), v. [pr.p. TWIG'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
TWIGGED (twigd).] I. vt. Understand; de- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ix=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



TWIG-BORER 



1157 



TWOPENCE 



tect; observe. II. vi. Comprehend; see. 
(Slang.) 

TWIG-BORER (twig'bor-er), n. One of many 
small beetles which infest trees and vines. 

TWIGGED (twigd), a. Having twigs or small 
shoots. 

TWIG-GIRDLER (twlg'ger-dler), n. Beetle 
which girdles twigs of trees, so fitting the 
wood for food for the beetle's larvae. 

TWIGGY (twig'i), a. Consisting of, or like, 
twigs. 

TWIG-INSECT (twig'in-sekt), n. Insect resem- 
bling a dry twig; walking-stick. 

TWILIGHT (twi'lit), I. n. 1. Faint light after 
sunset and before sunrise. 2. Uncertain view. 
II. a. 1. Of twilight. 2. Faintly illumina- 
ted; obscure. — Twilight curve, boundary of the 
earth's shadow which, at times sharply de- 
fined, rises in the east at sunset and arrives in 
the west at the end of twilight. [A. S. twi-, 
double, and LIGHT.] 

TWILL, (twil), vt. [pr.p. TWILLING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWILLED (twild).] Weave so as to pro- 
duce a kind of diagonal ribbed appearance up- 
on the surface of the cloth. [L. Ger. twillen, 
make double.] 

TWILL (twil), n. 1. Diagonal rib in cloth. 2. 
Fabric with a twill. 

TWIN (twin), I. n. 1. One of two born at a birth. 
2. One very like another. II. a. 1. Being 
one of two born at a birth or growing in pairs. 
2. Very like another. — The Twins, the constel- 
lation Gemini. [A. S. twinn, double.] 

TWIN-BORN (twln'barn), a. Born at the same 
birth. 

TWINE (twin), n. 1. Cord composed of two or 
more threads twisted together. 2. Act of 
twining. [A. S. twin.] 

TWINE (twin), v. [pr.p. TWINING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWINED (twlnd).] I. vt. 1. Wind, as 
two threads, together; twist together. 2. 
Wind about. II. vi. 1. Unite closely. 2. 
Bend. 3. Ascend spirally round a support. 

TWIN-FLOWER (twin'flow-er), n. Trailing 
evergreen plant with delicate stalks bearing 
two nodding, fragrant, funnel-formed flowers. 

TWINGE (twinj), v. [pr.p. TWINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWINGED (twinjd).] I. vi. Have or 
suffer a sudden, sharp pain, like a twitch. II. 
vt. Affect with a sharp, sudden pain. [Akin to 
TWITCH.] 

TWINGE (twinj), n. Twitch; pinch; sudden, 
sharp pain. 

TWINKLE (twing'kl), v. [pr.p. TWINKLING; 
p.t. and p.p. TWINKLED (twing'kld).] I. vt. 
Flash out. II. vi. 1. Shine with an inter- 
mittent, sparkling light. 2. Open and shut 
the eyes rapidly; wink. [A. S. twinclian.] 

TWINKLE (twing'kl), n. 1. Quick motion of 
the eye; short' gleam. 2. Time occupied by a 
Wink; instant. 

TWINKLER (twing'kler), n. One who or that 
which twinkles* 



TWINKLING (twing'kling), n. 1. A quick 
movement, as of the eye. 2. Scintillation of 
the fixed stars. 3. Time required for one 
wink of the eye; very short time. 

TWIRL (twerl), v. [pr.p. TWIRLING; p.U and 
p.p. TWIRLED (twerld).] I. vt. Turn around 
rapidly; cause to whirl. II. vi. Revolve with 
velocity; be whirled round rapidly. [A. S. 
thwiril.] 

TWIRL (twerl), n. Rapid, circular motion. 

TWIST (twist), v. [pr.p. TWIST 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWISTED.] I. vt. 1. Twine; unite or 
form by winding together. 2. Encircle; 
wreathe; wind spirally. 3. Turn from the 
true form or meaning. II. vi. 1. Become 
twisted. 2. Move in a spiral course; writhe; 
squirm. [A. S., rope — twi-, double.] 

TWIST (twist), n. 1. That which is twisted; 
cord. 2. Form given in twisting; contortion. 

3. Spiral or rotary motion, as of a billiard ball. 

4. Distortion; perversion. 

TWISTER (twister), n. 1. One who or that which 
twists. 2. Baseball. Ball thrown so as to 
curve. 3. Cyclone or whirlwind. (Colloq.) 

TWIT (twit), vt. [pr.p. TWIT'TING; p.t. and 
p.p. TWITTED.] Remind of some fault; 
taunt. [A. S. aet-witan, reproach — cet, against, 
and witan (Sc. wyte; Ger. ver-weisen), blame.] 

TWITCH (twich), v. [pr.p. TWITCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. TWITCHED (twlcht).] I. vt. Pull 
with a jerk; pluck; snatch. II. vi. Move 
spasmodically; make flings; carp. {A. S. 
twiccian.] 

TWITCH (twich), n. 1. Sudden, quick pull. 2. 
Spasmodic contraction of a muscle. 3. Noose 
twisted around a horse's upper lip to hold him 
under command when shoeing. 

TWITCHER (twich'er) n. One who or that 
which twitches. 

TWITTER (twit'er), n. One who twits. 

TWITTER (twit'er), v. [pr.p. TWITTERING; 
p.t. and p.p. TWITTERED (twit'erd).] I. vt. 
Utter in tremulous, intermitted notes. II. vi. 
1. Make a succession of small, tremulous 
noises. 2. Quiver; palpitate. [Imitative.] 

TWITTER (twit'er), n. 1. Series of tremulous, 
broken sounds. 2. Flutter of excitement. 

TWITTER-BONE (twit'er-bon), n. Excres- 
cence on a horse's hoof. 

T WITTINGLY (twlt'ing-li), adv. In a twitting 
manner; with taunts. 

TWO (to), I. a. One and one. II. n. 1. Sum 
of one and one. 2. Figure representing two. 
— In two, in pieces, asunder. [A. S. twd.] 

TWO-EDGED (to'ejd), a. Having two edges. 

TWO-FACED (to'fast), a. 1. With two faces 
like Janus, the Roman deity. 2. Double- 
dealing; false. 

TWOFOLD (to'fold), I. a. Multiplied by two; 
double. II. adv. Doubly. 

TWONESS (to'nes), n. State of being duplex. 

TWOPENCE (to'pens or tup'ens), n. English 
coin, worth four cents, U. S. money. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



TWOPENNY 



1158 



TYPEWRITE 



TWOPENNY (topen-i or tup'en-i), a. Of the 
value of twopence; mean. 

TWO-PLY (to'pli), a. Consisting of two cords, 
webs or thicknesses. 

TWOSOME (to'sum), a. 1. Being a pair; double. 
2. Performed by two persons. 

TWYEK (twi'er), n. See TUYERE. 

-TY, suffix. Denoting state or quality, as society, 
beauty. [Fr. -te — L. -fas, -tatis.] 

-TY, suffix. Denoting the tenfold, as sixty, 
seventy, eighty, etc. [A. S. -tig.] 

TYCHE (ti'ke), n. Greelc Myth. Goddess of 
fortune or success. [Gr.] 

TYCHONIC (ti-kon'ik), a. Pertaining to the 
Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601). 

TYCOON (ti-kon), n. Title by which formerly 
the shogun of Japan was known to foreigners, 
meaning "great prince." 

TYE (ti), n. The part of a topsail-halyard, that 
passes through a block at the masthead. 

TYING (ti'ing), n. Act of fastening with a rope, 
string, etc. See TIE. 

TYLER (trier), n. Freemasonry. One of the 
guards with a drawn sword stationed at the 
door of a lodge sitting in council; also spelled 
titer. [Fr. tailleur.] 

TYMBAL (tim'bal), n. Small kind of kettle- 
drum. [Sp. timbal.] 

TYMP (tlmp), n. In a blast-furnace, the crown 
of the opening in front of the hearth. 

TYMPAN (tim'pan), n. 1. Tympanum. 2. 
Device to equalize and soften the pressure of a 
printing-press, interposed between the platen 
and the paper. [From TYMPANUM.] 

TYMPANIC (tim-pan'ik), I. a. 1. Like a 
drum. 2. Pertaining to the tympanum. II. 
n. Bone of the ear, forming the exterior audi- 
tory passage. 

TYMPANISM (tim'pan- 
izm), n. Pathol. Dis- 
tention by gas. 

TYMPANITIS (tim-pa- 
ni'tis),n. Inflammation 
of the ear-drum. 

TYMPANUM (tim'pa- 
num), n. [pi. TYM'- 
PANUMS or TYMPA- 
NA (tim'pa-na).] 1. Tympanum of human ear 
Membrane which sep- showing circular _ cavity 
, , covered by tympanic mem- 

arates the external brane, and inside the cav- 
from the internal ear; ity the movable bonelet 
drum of the ear; the shaped like a hammer. 
middle ear, part between the external and in- 
ternal ear. 2. Triangular space between slo- 
ping and horizontal cornices, or in the corners 
or sides of an arch. 3. Panel of a door. 4. 
Water-raising wheel, formerly drum-shaped. 
[L. — Gr. tympanon, drum — typto, strike.] 

TYPAL (ti'pal), a. Of or pertaining to a type. 

-TYPE, suffix. Signifies representative form. 

TYPE (tip), n. 1. Mark or figure struck or 
stamped upon something. 2. That which 
best combines the characteristics of a group; 




style; model. 3. Raised letter, etc., in metal 
or wood, used in printing; whole types used 
in printing. [Fr. — Gr. typos — typto, strike.] 

TWELVE STYLES OF TYPE 

Gothic Bookman 

GothiG Condensed Bookman Italic 

Gothic Italic Latin Antique 

Cheltenham Old Style 

Cheltenham Bold Old Style Italic 

Aldine ftufcor Zext 

NAMES AND SIZES OF TYPE 

Name {Each printed in its own face) Size 

Brilliant 3 ^ point 

Diamond 4 2 point 

Pearl 5 point 

Agate 5| point 

Nonpareil 6 point 

Minion 7 point 

Brevier 8 point 

Bourgeois 9 point 

Long Primer io point 

Small Pica n point 

Pica 12 point 

English 14 point 

Great Primer u PO mt 

Paragon is 20 point, twice the size of Long Primer, and Canon 48 
point, four times the size of Pica. 

Type sizes smaller than five point are almost out of use. To obtain 
any fineness desired, matter is set in large type, reduced by photography, 
and etched on zinc plates from which the printing is done. 

TYPE-BAR (tip'bar), n. Line of type cast in one 

piece. 
TYPE-BODY (tip'bod-i). n. Body part of a type. 
TYPE-DRESSING (tip'dres-ing), n. Process of 

cutting superfluous metal from newly cast type. 
TYPE-FOUNDER (tip'fownd-er), n* One who 

founds or casts printer's type. 
TYPE-METAL, (tip'met-al), n. Compound of 

lead and antimony, used for making types. 
TYPESETTER 

(tip'set-er), n. 

One who, or a 

machine which, 

sets type. 
T YPE WRITE 

(tip'rit), v. [pr. 

p. TYPEWRI- 

TING; p.U 

TYPEWROTE 

(tip'rot); p.p. 

TYPEWRIT- 

TEN(tip'rit-n).] 

I. vt. Print by 

means of a 

typewriting 

machine; as, to 

typewrite a cir- Typesetter. 

cular or letter. II. vi. Use a typewriting 

machine. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



TYPEWRITER 



1159 



TZIGANY 



Machine for 




Typewriter-telegraph. 



TYPEWRITER (tip'ri-ter) 
writing, with 
a keyboard, 
the keys of 
which being 
pressed cause 
steel type let- 
ters to strike 
through an 
inked ribbon 
or past an 
inked pad, 
leaving their 
impression on 
paper. 2. One 
who writes 
with this 
machine. 

TYPEWRITER-TELEGRAPH (tip'ri-ter-tel-e- 
graf), n. Device transmitting telegraph mes- 
sages in typewriting, by means of a transmit- 
ter, polar relays actuated on the wire, and a 
receiving typewriter in which a hammer forces 
the paper against a type wheel. 

TYPEWRITING (tip'rl-tlng), n. 1. Act of 
writing with a typewriter. 2. Writing pro- 
duced by this process. 

TYPHOSUS (ti-feus), n. Bom. Myth. Hun- 
dred-headed giant who made war against the 
gods; Jupiter struck him with thunderbolts 
and crushed him under Mt. Etna. 

TYPHOID (ti'foid), n. Contagious fever due 
to bacilli. [See TYPHUS.] 

TYPHOMALARIAL (ti-fo-ma-la'ri-al), a. Hav- 
ing both typhoid and malarial symptoms. 

TYPHON (ti'fon), n. 1. Greek Myth. Son of 
Typhosus, later confused with him; father of 
the winds. 2. Egypt. Myth. The god who 
undoes all the good effected by Osiris. 

TYPHON (ti'fon), n. Typhoon. 

TYPHONIC (ti-fon'ik), a. Of or like a typhoon. 

TYPHOON (ti-fon'), n. Violent hurricane in the 
Chinese seas. [Chinese tei-fun, hot wind.] 

TYPHOUS (ti'fus), a. Relating to typhus. 

TYPHUS (ti'fus), n. Contagious, continued 
fever accompanied by great prostration, deliri- 
um and eruption; jail-fever. [Gr. typhos, 
smoke, delirium or stupor from a fever.] 

TYPICAL (tip'ik-al), TYPIC (tip'ik), a. Per- 
taining to a type; combining the character- 
istics of a group. [Gr. typiJcos — typos, type.] 

TYPIFICATION (tip-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 
typifying. 

TYPIFIER (tip'i-fl-er), w. One who typifies. 

TYPIFY (tip'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. TYPIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. TYPIFIED (tip'i-fld).] Be a type of; 
represent by an image or resemblance; exem- 
plify. [L. typus, type, and facio, make.] 

TYPIST (ti'pist), I. n. One who operates a type- 
writer. A stenographer takes dictation in 
shorthand and operates the typewriter; a ty- 
pist does only the latter. II. a. Pertaining to 
the operation of typewriters; as, a typist course. 



TYPO (ti'po), n. Compositor. (Colloq.) 

TYPOGRAPHER (ti-pog'ra-fer), n. Printer. 

TYPOGRAPHIC (ti-po-graf'ik), TYPOGRAPH- 
ICAL (ti-po-graf'ik-al), a. Pertaining to ty- 
pography. 

TYPOGRAPHICALLY (tl-po-graf'ik-al-i), adv. 
1. By means of type. 2. So far as the typog- 
raphy Is concerned. 

TYPOGRAPHY (ti-pog'ra-fi), n. 1. Art of 
printing. 2. General character of printed 
matter. [Gr. typos, type, and grapho, write.] 

TYPOLITE (tip'o-lit), n. Rock with form of a 
plant or animal Impressed on it. [Gr. typos, 
impression, and lithos, stone.] 

TYPOLOGY (ti-pol'o-ji), n. Doctrine of types, 
especially those of the Scriptures, 

TYR (tir), n. Norse Myth. God of war and vic- 
tory; son of Odin. 

TYRANNIC (ti-ran'ik), TYRANNICAL (tl-ran'- 
ik-al), a. Pertaining to a tyrant; unjustly 
severe. [L. tyrannicus — Gr. tyrannis.] 

TYRANNICALLY (ti-ran'ik-al-i), adv. In a 
tyrannical manner. 

TYRANNICIDE (tl-ran'i-sid), n. 1. One who 
kills a tyrant. 2. Act of killing a tyrant. 

TYRANNIZE (tir'a-niz), v. [pr.p. TYRANNI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. TYRANNIZED (tir'a-nizd).] 

I. vi. Act as a tyrant; rule with oppressive 
severity. II. vt. Treat tyrannically. 

TYRANNOUS (tir'a-nus), a. Despotic. 
TYRANNY (tir'a-ni), n. [pi. TYR' ANNIES.] 1. 

Government of a tyrant. 2. Oppression; 

cruelty. [Gr. tyrannia — tyrannos, tyrant.] 
TYRANT (ti'rant), n. Irresponsible chief with 

unlimited powers; absolute monarch. 2. One 

who uses his power oppressively. [O. Fr. 

tirant — Gr. tyrannos, master.] 
TYRANT-FLYCATCHER (ti-rant-fli'kach-er), n. 

Bird of the Tyrannidce with hooked bill. 
TYRE (tir), n. Ancient Phenician city on the 

eastern Mediterranean. 
TYRIAN (tir'i-an), a. Purple color, like the 

dye formerly prepared at Tyre, from mo Husks. 
TYRO (ti'ro), «. [pi. TYROS (tl'roz).] One 

learning an art; novice. [L. 

tiro, raw recruit.] 
TYROL (tir'ol; Ger. ti-rol'),] 

«-. Crown-land of Austria. 

Area 10,302 sq. m. 
TYROLESE (tir-o-les'), I. a.\ 

Of or pertaining to Tyrol. 

II. n. Native or natives of j 
Tyrol. 

TYROLIENNE (ti-ro-li-en'),| 
n. Polka danced to mazur- 
ka music, originally byl 
Tyrolese peasants. 

TYROTOXICON (tir-o-toks'- Tyrolese. 

i-kun), n. Poisonous alka- 
loid body (ptomain) in spoiled ice-cream or 
milk. [Gr. tyros, cheese, and toxikon, poison.] 

TZAR, TZARINA, etc. See CZAR, etc. 

TziGANY (tsig'a-ni), w. Hungarian gipsy. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h.=ch in Scotch loch. 






1160 



ULTRAMARINE 




U(u),». [pi. U'S (uz).] Twenty- 
first letter and fifth vowel In 
the English alphabet. It has 
five distinct sounds, as in use, 
rude, push, cup, curl, and the 
exceptional sounds of short e 
and short i, as in bury, busy. 
The long double o sound (6) (as 
in rude) is becoming more and 
more prevalent after fl, hi, cl, and even after I (as 
in fluent, blue, clue, lucid), but is still considered 
inelegant after t, d, s and n (as in tune, during, 
sue, nude). In many words, like guide, plague, 
the u serves only to indicate the hard sound 
of g, in others, as anguish, suave, quite, it 
represents the semivowel w; in still others It is 
silent, as after q, in quay, unique, and in 
guy, buoy. At the beginning of a word or syl- 
lable u often has a semi-consonantal sound, 
like that of you in young or youth, as in unite, 
disunion. 

UBIETY (u-bi'e-ti), n. 1. State of being In a 
definite place; whereness. 2. Ubiquity. [L. 
ubi, where.] 

UfilQUITARIAN (u-blk-wi-ta'ri-an), n. One 
who believes in the ubiquity of the body of 
Christ. 

UBIQUITOUS (u-blk'wl-tus), a. Apparently 
omnipresent. 

UBIQUITY (u-blk'wl-ti), n. Existence every- 
where at the same time; omnipresence. [Fr. 
ubiquite — L. ubique, everywhere.] 

UDDER (ud'er), n. Glandular organ of an ani- 
mal, as a cow, in which the milk Is secreted. 
[A. S. uder; Ger. euter.] 

UDO (u'do), n. Japanese salad vegetable (Aralia 
cordata), much resem- 
bling celery. [Jap.] 

UDOMETER (u-dom'e-ter), 
n. Rain-gauge. [L. udus, 
moist, and METER.] 

UGANDA (o-gan'dii), n. 
Native kingdom in British 
E. Africa, on the Victoria 
Nyanza. 

UGH (o), inter j. Usually 
accompanied by a shud- 
der. Expresses aversion. 

UGLINESS (ug'li-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being 
ugly. 

UGLY (ug'li), a. [comp. UG'LIER; superl. UG'- 
LIEST.] 1. Offensive to the eye; deformed. 
2. Hateful; ill-natured. 3. Dangerous; bad. 
[Ice. uggligr, frightful — uggr, fear.] 

STN. Unsightly; homely; hideous; ill- 
favored; ill-tempered; cross; sulky; can- 
tankerous; perverse. ANT. Attractive; fair; 
seemly; shapely; beautiful; handsome. 

UgRIAN (o'gri-an), a. Pertaining to the Finno- 
Hungarian group of languages. [After a 
Finnish tribe.] 

UHLAN (u'lan), n. One of a kind of light cavalry, 




Udo Plant. 



Ulna. 



carrying a lance. [Polish ulan — Turk, oghlan, 
young man.] 

UITLANDER (oit'land-er), n. 1. In the late 
South African Republic, one who was not a 
Boer, residing in the Republic. 2. Outsider. 
[Dut., foreigner.] 

UKASE (u-kas')» n. Russian imperial decree 
having the force of law. [Russ. ukazu, edict.] 

ULCER (ul'ser),n. Sore which discharges matter. 
[Fr.ulcere — L. ulcus, ulceris — Gr. helkos, ulcer.] 

ULCERATE (ulser-at), v. [pr.p. ULCERA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. ULCERATED.] I. vi. Be 
formed into an ulcer; form ulcers. II. vt. 
Affect with an ulcer or ulcers. 

ULCERATION (ul-ser-a'shun), n. 1. Process of 
forming into an ulcer. 2. Ulcer. 

ULCEROUS (ul'ser-us), a. 1. Of the nature of 
an ulcer. 2. Affected with ulcers. 

-ULE, suffix. Diminutive termination in words 
of Latin origin, as in capswZe, globwJe, etc. 
[Fr. — L. -ulus.] 

UlM (ulm), n. Town In Wiirtemberg, on the 
Danube. 

ULMIC (ul'mik), a. Noting an acid found in 
earth-mold, peat, etc. 

ULNA (ul'na), n. Larger of the two bones of the 
forearm. [L. ulna, elbow.] 

ULNAR (ul'nar), a. Of or| 
pertaining to the ulna. 

ULSTER (ul'ster), n. The 

North province of Ireland. Area 8,568 sq. m, 

ULSTER (ul'ster), n. Long loose overcoat, 
originally made of frieze in Ulster. 

ULTERIOR (ul-te'ri-ur), a. On the further side; 
remote; kept In the background; beyond what 
is seen or advanced. [L., comp. of ulter, be- 
yond.] 

ULTIMATE (ul'ti-mat), a. Furthest; last; in- 
capable of further division; beyond which no 
cause, etc., can be traced; final. [L. ultimus, 
last, superl. of ulter.} 

ULTIMATELY (ul'tl-mat-li) , adv. As a final 
result; at last; finally. 

ULTIMATUM (ul»-tl-ma'tum), n. [pi. ULTI- 
MATA (ul-ti-ma'ta).] Last or final proposition. 
Between nations its rejection usually leads to 
a declaration of war. [L. L. ultimatus, p.p. of 
ultimo, come to an end.] 

ULTIMO (ul'ti-mo), adv. In the month which 
preceded the present; last month; generally 
contracted Into ult; as, I wrote to him on the 
20th ult. [L. ultimo (mense), in the last 
(month).] 

ULTRA-, prefix. 1. Beyond; on the farther side. 
2. Beyond what is reasonable, right or proper. 
[L., beyond.] 

ULTRA (ul'tra), ULTRAIST (ul'tra-ist), n. One 
who advocates extreme views or measures. 

ULTRAMARINE (ul-tra-ma-ren'), n. Beautiful, 
durable, sky-blue pigment, so called from the 
lapis lazuli, from which it was originally made, 
being brought from Asia, beyond the sea; also 
the color of this pigment. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



ULTRAMICROSCOPE 



1161 



UN- 



ULTRAMICROSCOPE (ul-tra-mi'kro-skop), n. 
Microscope in which the object is placed on a 
black background and a light thrown upon 
it from the side, thus revealing much more 
than the ordinary microscope. 

ULTRAMICROSCOPIC (ul-tra-mi-kro-skop'ik), 
a. Pertaining to, or partaking of the nature 
of, an ultramicroscope. — Ultramicroscopic 
cinematograph, combination of an ultrami- 
croscope and motion-picture machine, by 
means of which can be projected upon a screen 
the struggle of microscopic organisms for 
existence, making It possible for the medical 
instructor to show his clinic class the actual 
processes In germ diseases. 

ULTRAMONTANE (ul-tra-mon'tan), a. 1. . Be- 
ing beyond the mountains (the Alps). Origi- 
nally used in Italy of the French, Germans, 
etc.; afterwards applied by the northern na- 
tions to the Italians. 2. Holding extreme views 
as to the Pope's rights and supremacy. [L. 
ultra, beyond, and mons, mountain.) 

ULTRAMONTANISM (ul-tra-mon'ta-nizm), n. 
Principles of the ultramontanes. 

ULTRAMONTANIST (ul-tra-mon'ta-nist) , n. One 
who upholds or promotes ultramontanism. 

ULTRAMUNDANE (ul-tra-mun'dan), a. Being 
beyond the world or beyond the limits of the 
solar system. 

ULULANT (ul'u-lant), a. Howling; ululating. 

ULULATE (ul'u-iat), vi. [pr.p. UI/ULATING; 
p.t. and p.p. UL'ULATED.] 1. Howl, as a 
wolf. 2. Hoot, as an owl. [L. ululatum, 
supine of ululo, howl.] 

ULULATION (ul-u-la'shun), n. Act of ululating 
or howling. 

Ulysses (u-iis'sez), Odysseus (o-dis'e-us), 

n. Greek Legend. A king of Ithaca, whose ex- 
ploits in connection with the Trojan war, and 
his adventures on his return therefrom, are 
the subject of Homer's Odyssey. 

UMBEL (um'bel), n. Form of flower in which a 
number of stalks, 
each bearing a flow- 
er, radiate from one 
center. [L. umbella, 
dim. of umbra, 
shade.] 

U M B E L L IFEROUS 
(um-bel-lif er-us), a, 
Bot. Bearing umbels, 

UMBER (um'ber), n. 
1. Shade. 2. A fish, 
the grayling. [L. um- 
bra, shade.] 

UMBER (um'ber), n. 

[Originally obtained from Umbria, Italy.] 

UMBER (um'ber), vt. [pr.p. UMBERING; p.t, 
and p.p. UMBERED (um'berd).] Color with, 
or as with, umber. 

UMBILIC (um-bil'ik), UMBILICAL (um-bil'lk- 
al), a. 1. Pertaining to the navel. 2. Formed 
or placed like a navel. 




Umbel. 
Brown clay 



pigment. 



[pi. UMBILICI 
Navel-like de- 



UMBONES (um-bo'nez).] 
[pi. UMBR.E (um'bre).J 




S. Sun. E. 



Umbra. 

Earth. U. Umbra. 



P.P. Penumbra. 



UMBILICUS (um-bi-li'kus), n. 
(um-bll'i-si).] 1. Navel. 2. 
presslon or elevation. [L.] 

UMBO (um'bo), n. [pi. 
Boss; knob. [L.] 

UMBRA (umbra), n. 
Conical 
shadow of a 
planet with- 
in which the 
sun is not 
visible. [L.] 

UMBRAGE 
(um'braj), 
n. 1. Shade; 
obscurity; shadow. 2. Feeling of being over- 
shadowed; suspicion of injury; offense. 
[O. Fr. umbraige — L. umbra, shadow.] 

UMBRAGEOUS (um-bra'jus), a. Shady. 

UMBRAL (um'bral), a. 1. Of or pertaining to 
an umbra. 2. Shady. 

UMBRELLA (um-brel'a), n. Article, usually 
portable, consisting of a cloth-covered flexible 
frame which can be closed down, folding 
about a handle, or opened as a screen from 
rain or sunshine. [It. ombrella — L. umbella — 
umbra, shade.] 

UMBRELLA-TREE (um-brel'a-tre), n. Ameri- 
can magnolia (Magnolia tripetala). 




Umbrella-tree (Magnolia tripetala). 

UMIAK (om'yak), n. Large Eskimo boat made 
of sealskins on a wooden frame. 

UMLAUT (om'lowt), n. Philol. 1. Modification 
as in the direction of e or i of a root vowel, 
as a, o, or u by the influence of an e or i in 
the succeeding syllable. 2. Two dots in 
German indicating change of pronunciation 
through umlaut. [Ger. um, about, and laut, 
sound.] 

UMPLRE (um'pir), n. 1. Third person called in 
to decide a dispute; arbitrator. 2. Judge in the 
game of baseball, cricket, etc. [O. Fr. nonper, 
not even. Cf. L. impar.) 

UMPIRE (um'pir), v. [pr.p. UM'PIRING; p.t. and 
p.p. UMPIRED (um'pird).] I. vt. Act as 
umpire in or for. II. vi. Act as umpire. 

UN-, prefix. Signifying not before nouns or ad- 
jectives, and the reversal of the action, or its 
undoing, before verbs. Most of the words 



i 

4 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






UNABRIDGED 



1163 



UNBURDEN 



formed with this prefix are self-explaining. 
[A. S. an-, and-, back, against.] 

UNABRIDGED (un-a-brijd'), a. Not shortened 
or abridged; complete. 

UNACCLLMATED (un-ak-kli 'ma-ted), a. Not 
acclimated. 

UNACCOUNTABLE (un-ak-kownt'a-bl)> a. 1. 
Not responsible. 2. Inexplicable. 

UNACCUSABLY (un-ak-ku'za-bli), adv. So as 
to be beyond accusation. 

UNACCUSTOMED (un-ak-kus'tumd), a. 1. Not 
having become used- 2. Not according to cus- 
tom; unwonted. 

UNADVISED (un-ad-vizd'), a. Ill-advised; im- 
prudent; rash. 

UNADVISEDLY (un-ad-vi'zed-li), adv. Without 
due consideration; imprudently. 

UNADVISEDNESS (un-ad-vi'zed-nes), n. Im- 
prudence; rashness. 

UNAFFECTED (un-af-fekt'ed), a. 1. Not 
influenced; not easily affected. 2. Free from 
affectation; natural; simple. 

UNAFFECTEDLY (un-af-fekt'ed-li), adv. In an 
unaffected manner. 

UNAFFECTEDNESS (un-af-fekt'ed-nes), n. 
Character of being unaffected. 

UNAIDED (un-ad'ed), a Not assisted. 

UNALLOYED (un-al-loid'), «. Not alloyed or 
mixed. 

UNALTERABLE (un-al'ter-a-bl), a. Unchange- 
able; immutable. 

UNALTERABLENESS (un-al'ter-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being unalterable. 

UNALTERABLY (un-al'ter-a-bli), adv. In an 
unalterable manner; unchangeably. 

UN- AMEBIC AN (un-a-mer'i-kan), a. Not 
American; not in accordance with American 
institutions or ideas. 

UNANCESTRIED (un-an'ses-trid), a. Without 
a distinguished ancestry. 

UNANIMITY (u-na-nim'i-ti), n. State of being 
unanimous or of one mind. 

UNANIMOUS (u-nan'i-mus), a. 1. Consented 
to by all. 2. Beinf of one mind. [L. unani- 
mus — unus, one, and animus, mind.] 

UNANIMOUSLY (u-nan'i-mus-li), adv. In a 
unanimous manner. 

UNANIMOUSNESS (u-nani-mus-nes), n. 1. 
Unanimity. 2. Quality or state of being done 
or formed unanimously. 

UNAPPARELED (un-ap-par'eld), a. Not wear- 
ing clothes. 

UNAR3I (un-arm'), v. [pr.p. UNARMING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNARMED (un-armd').] I. vt. Dis- 
arm. II. vi. Put off or lay down arms. 

UNARMED (un-armd'), a. 1. Unprovided with 
arms. 2. Zool. and Bot. Not furnished with 
scales, prickles or other defense. 

UNASSUMING (un-as-su'ming), a. Not for- 
ward; modest. 

UNATTACHED (un-at-tachf), a. 1. Not at- 
tached; free. 2. Not assigned to any troop, as 
an officer waiting orders. 



UNAU (ii'na), n. South American two-toed 
sloth (Cholopus didactylus). [S. Am.] 

UNAVAILABLE (un-a-val'a-bl), a. Not capable 
of being used advantageously; useless; vain. 

UNAVAILING (un-a-val'ing), a. Useless. 

SYN. Ineffectual; fruitless; vain. ANT. 
Effectual; substantial; potent. 

UNAVOIDABLE (un-a-void'a-bl), a. 1. That 
cannot be avoided. 2. That cannot be made 
null or void. 

UNAWARE (un-a-war'), UNAWARES (un-a- 
warz'), adv. 1. Without being prepared; sud- 
denly. 2. Inadvertently. 

UNAWARE (un-a-war'), a. Without thought; 
not cognizant. 

UNBALANCE (un-bal'ans), vt. [pr.p. UNBAL'- 
ANCING; p.t. and p.p. UNBALANCED (un- 
bal'anst).] To throw out of balance; derange. 

UNBAR (un-bar'), vt. [pr.p. UNBARRING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNBARRED (un-bard').] Remove a 
bar from; unfasten; open. 

UNBEARABLE (un-bar'a-bl), a. Not to be 
borne or endured. 

UNBECOMING (un-be-kum'ing), a. 1. Im- 
proper to the person or character, 2. Inde- 
corous; unseemly. 

UNBELIEF (un-be-lef), n. The withholding of 
belief, especially in divine revelation. 

UNBELIEVER (un-be-lev'er), n. 1. Incredulous 
person. 2. Infidel. 

UNBEND (un-bend'), v. [pr.p. UNBEND'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNBENT (un-benf) or UN- 
BENDED.] I. vt. 1. Free from a bent state; 
make straight. 2. Free from strain; set at ease. 
II. vi. Become relaxed. 

UNBENDING (un-bend'ing), a. Not bending; 
unyielding; resolute. 

UNBIASED (un-bi'ast), a. Free from prejudice; 
Impartial. 

UNBIDDEN (un-bid'n), a. Not bidden; un- 
invited. 

UNBLAMED (un-blamd'), a. Free from censure; 
innocent. 

UNBLEACHED (un-blecht') s a. Not bleached or 
whitened. 

UNBLEMISHED (un-blem'isht), a. Not blem- 
ished; spotless; pure. 

UNBLOWN (un-blon'), a. 1. Not affected by 
the wind. 3. Not sounded, as a wind instru- 
ment. 3. Not developed, as a bud. 

UNBLUSHING (un-blush'ing), a. Not blushing; 
without shame ; impudent. 

UNBORN (un-barn'), a. Not born; not brought 
into life; future. 

UNBOSOM (un-boz'um), vt. [pr.p. UNBOS'OM- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNBOSOMED (un-boz'- 
umd).] Disclose what is in the mind; confess. 

UNBOUNDED (un-bownd'ed), a. Unlimited; 
boundless; unrestrained. 

UNBRIDLED (un-bri'dld), a. Unrestrained; 
licentious. 

UNBURDEN (un-bur'dn), UNBURTHEN (un- 
bur'tan), vt. [pr.p. UNBUR'DENING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, btiru, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owi, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



UNBUTTON 



1163 



UNDERGROUND 



p.p. UNBURDENED (un-bur'dnd).] Take a 
burden from: relieve. 

UNBUTTON (un-but'n), vt. [pr.p. UNBUT'TON- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNBUTTONED (un-buf- 
nd).] To open or unfasten, by taking the but- 
tons out of the buttonholes. 

UNCALLED-FOR (un-kald'far), a. Unneces- 
sary; wanton. 

UNCANNY (un-kan'i), a. Weird; gruesome. 

UNCEASING (un-ses'ing), a. Uninterrupted; 
continual. 

UNCERTAIN (un-ser'tin), a. 1. Not certain; 
doubtful. 2. Not reliable. 

UNCERTAINTY (un-ser'tin-ti) n. [pi. UN- 
CERT AINTIES (un-ser'tin-ti z).] 1. State of 
being uncertain. 2. Something unknown or 
undetermined. 

UNCHAIN (un-chan'), vt. [pr.p. UNCHAIN'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNCHAINED (un-chand').J Free 
from chains or slavery. 

UNCHANCY (un-chan'si), a. 1. Unlucky; un- 
canny; dangerous. 2. Inconvenient. 

UNCHANGEABLE (un-chanj'a-bl), a. Not sub- 
ject to change. 

UNCHARITABLE (un-char'i-ta-bl), o. Not 
charitable; censorious. 

UNCIAL (un'shal), a. Applied to large round 
characters used in ancient manuscripts. [L. 
tincia, twelfth part. See INCH.] 

UNCIFORM (un'si-farm), a. Hook-shaped. [L. 
uncus, hook, and FORM.] 

UNCIVILIZED (un-siv'1-lizd), a. Rude; barba- 
rous. 

UNCLASP (un-klasp'), vt. [pr.p. UNCLASP'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNCLASPED (un-klaspt').] Loose 
the clasp of. 

UNCLE (ung'kl), n. Brother of one's father or 
mother. [O. Fr. (Fr. oncle) — L. avunculus, ex- 
tension of avus, grandfather.] 

UNCLOSE (un-kloz'), vt. [pr.p. UNCLO'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNCLOSED (un-klozd').] Open; 
disclose. 

UNCOMMON (un-kom'un), a. 1. Not common; 
not usual. 2. Remarkable; strange. 

UNCOMPROMISING (un-kom'pro-mi-zlng), a. 
Making no concessions; exacting. 

UNCONCERN (un-kon-sern'), n. Indifference. 

UNCONDITIONAL (un-kon-dish'un-al) a. With- 
out conditions; unreserved. 

UNCONSCIONABLE (un-kon'shun-a-bl), a. Not 
conformable to conscience; unreasonable. 

UNCOUPLE (un-kup'l), vt. [pr.p. UNCOUP'- 
LING; p.t. and p.p. UNCOUPLED (un-kup'ld).] 
Disjoin ; set loose. 

UNCOUTH (un-koth'), a. Awkward ; ungraceful. 
[A. S. uncuth, unknown, outlandish — cunnan, 
know.] 

UNCOUTHLY (un-koth'U), adv. In an uncouth 
manner. 

UNCOUTHNESS (un-koth 'nes), ». Quality or 
state of being uncouth. 

UNCOVER (un-kuv'er), v. [pr.p. UNCOVER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNCOVERED (un-kuv'erd).] 



1. vt. Remove the cover of. II. vi. Take 
off the hat. 

UNCTION (ungk'shun), n. 1. Act of anointing. 

2. Ointment. 3. That quality In speech 
which shows or excites fervor and devotion, 
especially religious. 4. Hypocritical relig- 
ious warmth. — Extreme Unction, in the Ro- 
man Catholic church, sacrament of anoint- 
ing persons with consecrated oil in their last 
hours. [L. unctio — ungo, anoint.] 

UNCTUOUS (ungk'tu-us), a. 1. Fervid; insin- 
cerely fervid. 2. Oily; greasy. [L. unctus, 
greased.] 

UNCTUOUSLY (ungk'tu-us-li), adv. In an unc- 
tuous manner. 

UNCTUOUSNESS (ungk'tu-us-nes), ». Quality 
or state of being unctuous. 

UNDAUNTED (un-dant'ed), a. Not daunted; 
bold; intrepid. 

UNDECEIVE (un-de-sev'), vt. [pr.p. UNDE- 
CEIVING; p.t. and p.p. UNDECEIVED (un-de- 
sevd').] Free from deception or error; open 
the eyes of. 

UNDECIDED (un-de-si'ded) s a. 1. Not settled. 
2. Irresolute. 

UNDENIABLE (un-de-ni'a-bl), «. 1. Indisput- 
able. 2. Decidedly good. 

UNDER (un'der), I. prep a 1. In a lower posi- 
tion than; below. 2. Less than. 3. In sub- 
jection or subordination to. 4. During 
the reign of. II. adv. In a lower position, 
degree or condition. III. a. Lower in posi- 
tion, rank or degree. — Under way, moving; 
making progress, as a ship. [A. S.] 

UNDERBID (un-der-bid'), vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
BID'DING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERBID'.] Ask a 
lower price than (another). 

UNDERBRED (un'der-bred), a. Of Inferior 
breeding or manners. 

UNDERBRUSH (un'der-brush), n. Brushes and 
small trees growing between large trees. 

UNDERCLOTHES (un'der-klo^z), n. pi. Clothes 
that are designed for wearing under other 
clothes, especially those to be worn next the 
skin. 

UNDERCURRENT (un'der-kur-ent) , n. Current 
under the surface. 

UNDERDO (un-der-do'), v. [pr.p. UNDERDO- 
ING; p.t. UNDERDID (un-der-did') ; p.p. UN- 
DERDONE (un-der-dun').] I. vi. To do less 
than one might, or less than is required. II. 
vt. To do (especially cook) less than is re- 
quired. 

UNDERDONE (un-der-dun') , a. Insufficiently 
cooked. 

UNDERGO (un-der-go'), vt. [pr.p. UNDERGO'- 
ING; p.t. UNDERWENT (un-der-wenf); p.p. 
UNDERGONE (un-der-gan').] Endure; be sub- 
jected to. 

UNDERGRADUATE (un-der-grad'u-at), n. Stu- 
dent who has not taken his first degree. 

UNDERGROUND (un'der-grownd), a. and adv. 
Under the surface of the ground. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kb=cA in Scotch loch. 



UNDERGROWTH 



1164 



UNDERWEAR 



, 



UNDERGROWTH (un'der-grdth), n. Under- 
brush. 

UNDERHAND (un'der-hand), a. and adv. Secret; 
by secret means; by fraud. 

UNDERHUNG (un-der-hung'), a. 1. Projecting 
beyond the upper jaw. 2. Having a project- 
ing under jaw. 

UNDERLAY (un-der-la'), vt. [pr.p. UNDEE- 
LAY'ING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERLAID (un-der- 
lad').] Lay under; support by something laid 
under. 

UNDERLET (un-der-lef), vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
LETTING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERLET'.] Sublet. 

UNDERLIE (un-der-U'), v. [p .p. UNDERLY- 
ING; p.t. UNDERLAY (un-der-la'); p.p. UN- 
DERLAIN (un-der-lan').] I. vt. Lie beneath. 
II. vi. Lie immediately below. 

UNDERLINE (un-der-lin'), vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
LINING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERLINED (un- 
der-llnd').] 1. Underscore. 2. Theat. Ad- 
vertise in lines subjoined to a play-bill. 

UNDERLING (un'der-ling), n. Subordinate. 

UNDERMINE (un-der-min'), vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
MI'NING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERMINED (un- 
der-mind').] 1. Form mines under, in order 
to destroy. 2. Destroy secretly the founda- 
tion or support of. 

UNDERMOST (un'der-most), a. Lowest in 
place or condition. 

UNDERNEATH (un-der-neth'), prep, and adv. 
Reneath; below. 

UNDERPAY (un-der-pa), vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
PAYING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERPAID (un-der- 
pad').] To pay insufficiently. 

UNDERPINNING (un'der-pin-ing), n. 1. Act 
of introducing a support underneath. 2. 
Foundation; support. 

UNDERPLOT (un'der-plot), n. 1. Plot subordi- 
nate to the main plot in a play or tale. 2. Se- 
cret scheme. 

UNDERPROOF (un-der-prof), a. Of a greater 
specific gravity than 0.91984, said of alcoholic 
liquors. A liquor is said to be "10 under- 
proof," if it takes 10 volumes of pure spirit (of 
the specific gravity of 0.825) to reduce It to 
"proof." 

UNDERRATE (un-der-raf) s vt. [pr.p. UNDER- 
RATING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERRATED.] 
Rate under the value. 

UNDERSCORE (un-der-skor'), 
DERSCOR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
(un-der-skord').] Underline. 

UNDERSELL (un-der-sel'), v. 

SELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERSOLD (un 

der-sold').] I. vt. Sell cheaper 

than. II. vi. Defeat fair trade, 

by selling for too small a 

price. 

UNDERSHOT (un'der-shot), a. 
1. Moved by water passing 
underneath, as a wheel. 2. 
Underhung. 

UNDERSIGN (un-der-sin), vt. [pr.p. UNDER 



Vt. [pr.p. UN- 
UNDERSCORED 

[pr.p. UNDER- 




Undershot Wheel. 



SIGN'LNG; p.t. and p.p. UNDERSIGNED (un- 
der-sind').] Write one's name under or at the 
end of. — The undersigned, person or persons 
subscribing to any document; subscriber or 
subscribers. 

UNDERSTAND (un-der-stand'), v. [pr.p. UN- 
DERSTANDING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERSTOOD 
(un-der-stod').] I. vt. 1. Comprehend; have 
correct ideas of. 2. Learn; be informed of. 3. 
Suppose to mean. 4. Mean without expressing; 
imply. II. vi. 1. Have the use of the intel- 
lectual faculties. 2. Know; be informed. [A. 
S. understandan, stand among.] 

UNDERSTANDING (un-der-stand'ing), n. 1. 
Act of comprehending. 2. Faculty of the 
mind by which it understands. 3. Exact com- 
prehension; agreement. 

UNDERSTATE (un-der-staf), vt. [pr.p. UN- 
DERSTATING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERSTA'- 
TED.] Represent under or below the truth. 

UNDERSTOOD (un-der-stod'), a. 1. Compre- 
hended. 2. Implied; assumed. 

UNDERSTUDY (un'der-stud-i), n. [pi. UNDER- 
STUDIES (un'der-stud-iz).] Actor or actress 
prepared to take the place of another at a 
moment's notice. 

UNDERSTUDY (un-der-stud'i), v. [pr.p. UN- 
DERSTUD'YING; p.t. and p.p. UNDER- 
STUDIED (un-der-stud'id).] I. vt. Study, as 
a part in a play, with a view to being ready to 
perform if necessary in place of the actor reg- 
ularly assigned to the part. II. vi. Study the 
part of another in order to take his place If 
necessary. 

UNDERTAKE (un-der-tak), v. [pr.p. UNDER- 
TAKING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERTOOK (un-der- 
tok').] I. vt. 1. Take upon one's self. 2. 
Enter upon. II. vi. 1. Take up or assume 
any hazard or venture. 2. Guarantee; war- 
rant. 

UNDERTAKER (un'der-ta-ker), n. 1. One 
who undertakes any performance. 2. One 
who manages funerals. 

UNDERTAKING (un-der-ta'king), n. 1. Rusi- 
ness or project engaged in. 2. Management 
of funerals. 

UNDERTONE (un'der-ton), n. 1. Low tone. 
2. Low physical condition. 3. Slight color- 
ing seen through another color. 

UNDERTOW (un'der-to), n. Current below the 
surface, carrying off the water thrown on a 
beach by the waves. 

UNDERVALUATION (un-der-val-u-a'shun), n. 
1. Act of undervaluing. 2. Rate below the 
worth. 

UNDERVALUE (un-der-val'u), vt. [pr.p. UN- 
DERVALUING; p.t. and p.p. UNDERVALUED 
(un-der-val'ud).] Value under the worth; es- 
teem lightly. 

UNDERVALUE (un'der-val-u), n. Value or 
price under the real worth. 

UNDERWEAR (un'der-war), n. Underclothes 
in general. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



UNDERWENT 



1165 



UNFIT 



UNDERWENT, v. Past tense of UNDERGO. 

UNDERWOOD (un'der-wod), n. Underbrush; 
coppice. 

UNDERWORLD (un'der-wurld), n. 1. World 
below the skies. 2. Degraded part of man- 
kind. 3. Opposite side of the globe. 4. 
Abode of departed souls; Hades. 

UNDERWRITE (un-der-rif), v. [pr.p. UNDER- 
WRITING; p.t. UNDERWROTE (un-der-rof) ; 
p.p. UNDERWRITTEN (un-der-rit'n).] I. vt. 
1. Write under something; subscribe, 2. Sub- 
scribe one's name to, for insurance, becoming 
responsible for loss. II. vi. Practice insuring. 
[A. S. underwritan.] 

UNDERWRITER (un'der-ri-ter), w. One who 
guarantees against loss by Are, shipwreck, etc. 

UNDERWRITING (un'der-ri-ting), n. Practice 
or profession of an underwriter. 

UNDESERVED (un-de-zervd'), a. Not merited. 

UNDESERVEDLY (un-de-zerv'ed-li), adv. With- 
out desert or merit. 

UNDESIGNED (un-de-zind'), a. Not intended. 

UNDESIGNEDLY (un-de-zin'ed-li), adv. In an 
undesigned manner. 

UNDINE (un-den' or un'den), n. Ger. Myth. A 
water spirit who, through her marriage to a 
mortal, is endowed with a soul. 

UNDISCERNING (un-dl-zern'ing), a. Lacking 
judgment or discrimination. 

UNDISCIPLINED (un-dis'i-plind), a. Not duly 
exercised, taught or trained. 

UNDISGUISED (un-dis-gizd'), a. Not covered 
with a false appearance. 

UNDISSEMRLED (un-dls-sem'bld), a. Not 
feigned; genuine; open. 

UNDIVIDED (un-di-vided), a. Not divided or 
separated; unbroken; whole. 

UNDO (un-do), vt. [pr.p. UNDOING; p.t. UN- 
DID (un-did'); p.p. UNDONE (un-dun).] 1. 
Reverse (what has been done); bring to 
naught. 2. Loose; open; unravel. 3. Im- 
poverish; ruin; baffle. 

UNDOING (un-do'ing), n. Reversal of what has 
been done; ruin. 

UNDOSE (un'dos), a. Entom. Wavy; undulated. 
[L. undosus — unda, wave.] 

UNDOURTED (un-dowt'ed), a. Not called 
in question; unsuspected; indubitable. 

UNDOUBTEDLY (un-dowt'ed-H), adv. Without 
doubt. 

UNDRESS (un-dres'), v. [pr.p. UNDRESSING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNDRESSED (un-drest').] I. vt. 
Take off the clothes or dressing of. II. vi. 
Disrobe; strip. 

UNDRESS (un'dres), n. 1. Loose dress. 2. 
Plain uniform worn by soldiers when off duty. 

UNDUE (un-du')» a. 1. Not yet demandable by 
right. 2. Not lawful; improper. 3. Exces- 
sive. 

UNDULATE (un'du-lat), vi. [pr.p. UNDULA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. UNDULATED.] Have a 
wavy motion. [L. undulatus, wavy — undula, 
little wave — unda, wave.] 



UNDULATION (un-du-la'shun), n. 1. Act of 
undulating. 2. Fluctuation; vibration. 

UNDULATORY (un'du-la-tc-rl), a. Moving in 
the manner of waves. — Undulatory theory, 
In optics, theory which regards light as a mode 
of motion generated by molecular vibrations 
in the luminous source, propagated by un- 
dulations in the ether, presumed to fill all 
space. 

UNDULY (un-du'li), adv. Not according to duty 
or propriety; excessively. 

UNEARTH (un-erth'), vt. [pr.p. UNEARTH'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNEARTHED (un-ertht).] 
Take out of, or drive from, the earth, as a fox. 

UNEARTHLY (un-erth'li), a. Not terrestrial; 
preternatural; supernatural. 2. Unnatural; 
weird; appalling. 

UNEASY (un-ez'i), o. 1. Not easy; restless. 2. 
Stiff; awkward; un pleasing. 

UNEMPLOYABLE (un-em-ploi'a-bl), I. a. In- 
capable of being employed; unfit to be em- 
ployed. II. n. Class of persons incapable of 
being, or unfit to be, employed. 

UNEMPLOYED (un-em-ploid), I. a. 1. Not 
employed; idle; as, unemployed workingmen. 
2. Not in use; as, unemployed capital. II. n. 
Body of unemployed persons collectively; 
usually in the phrase the unemployed. 

UNENCUMBER (un-en-kum'ber), vt. [pr.p. 
UNENCUMBERING; p.t. and p.p. UNEN- 
CUMBERED (un-en-kum'berd).] To free from 
encumbrance. 

UN-ENGLISH (un-ing'glish), a. I. Not char- 
acteristic of Englishmen. 2. Not according to 
the usages of the English language. 

UNEQUAL (un-e'kwal), a. 1. Not of the same 
size, quality, strength, talent, station or the 
like. 2. Inferior; inadequate. 3. Dispropor- 
tioned; unfair. 4. Irregular. 

UNESSENTIAL (un-es-sen'shal), a. 1. Not ab- 
solutely required. 2. Void of being, either 
apparent or real. 

UNEVEN (un-e'vn), a. 1. Not regular or level. 
2. Not balanced or fair. 

UNEXAMPLED (un-egz-am'pld), a. Unprec- 
edented; unparalleled. 

UNEXCEPTIONABLE (un-ek-sep'shun-a-bl), a. 
Unobjectionable. 

UNEXPECTED (un-eks-pekt'ed), a. Coming 
without warning or notice; strange and un- 
foreseen. 

UNFAILING (un-fal'ing), a. 1. Inexhaustible. 
2. Always coming up to expectation. 

UNFAIR (un-far'), a. 1. Marked by dishonesty, 
partiality or prejudice. 2. Not submitting to 
trade-union regulations and therefore not en- 
titled to the patronage of union workers; as, 
an unfair shop or mercantile establishment. 

UNFATHOMABLE (un-fa*ft'om-a-bl), a. Too 
deep for measurement or comprehension. 

UNFEIGNED (un-fand'), a. Genuine. 

UNFIT (un-flf), a. Unsuitable. 

UNFIT (un-flf), vt. [pr.p. UNFIT'TING; p.t. and 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn., 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 






UNFITLY 



1166 



UNIAXAL 



p.p. UNFIT'TED.] Make or render unfit or 
unsuitable. 

UNFITLY (un-flt'U), adv. In an unfit manner; 
not fitly. 

UNFITNESS (un-flt'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being unfit. 

UNFLAGGING (un -flagging), a. Maintaining 
strength or spirit. 

UNFLATED (un-fla'ted), a. Not inflated or dis- 
tended. 

UNFLEDGED (un-flejd')» a. Not yet fledged, as 
a young bird; immature. 

UNFLINCHING (un-flinch'ing), a. Acting or 
suffering without shrinking; steadfast. 

UNFLINCHINGLY (un-flinch'ing-U), adv. In 
an unflinching manner. 

UNFLINCHINGNESS (un-flinch'lng-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being unflinching. 

UNFOLD (un-fold'), vt. [pr.p. UNFOLD'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNFOLD 'ED.] 1. Open the 
folds of; spread out. 2. Release from a pen. 
3. Tell; disclose; explain. 

UNFORMED (un-farmd')> a. 1. Devoid of shape; 
structureless. 2. Not fully developed; imma- 
ture. — Unformed star, star not within the 
limits of any constellation. 

UNFORTUNATE (un-far'tu-nat) , I. a. 1. Hav- 
ing ill fortune; unsuccessful. 2. Attended 
with ill fortune; disastrous. II. n. One who 
is unfortunate. 

UNFORTUNATELY (un-far'tu-nat-li), adv. In 
an unfortunate manner; unluckily. 

UNFRIENDLINESS (un-frend'li-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being unfriendly. 

UNFRIENDLY (un-frend'li), a. Not kind; hos- 
tile. 

UNFROCK (un-frok'), vt. [pr.p. UNFROCK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNFROCKED (un-frokt).] To 
deprive of ecclesiastical authority , as a penalty 
for a dishonorable act. 

UNFURL (un-furl'), vt. [pr.p. UNFURLING; 
pd. and p.p. UNFURLED (un-furld').] Unfold; 
spread. 

UNGAINLINESS (un-gan'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being ungainly. 

UNGAINLY (un-gan'li), a. Awkward; clumsy; 
uncouth. 

UNGODLDLY (un-god'li-li), adv. In an ungodly 
manner. 

UNGODLINESS (un-god'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being ungodly. 

UNGODLY (un-god'li), a. 1. Not godlike. 2. 
Having no reverence for God; impious. 3. 
Not approved by God; unholy; wicked. 

UNGOVERNARLE (un-guv'ern-a-bl), a . Wild; 
unbridled; uncontrollable. 

UNGRACEFUL (un-gras'fol), a. Wanting in 
grace; awkward; inelegant. 

UNGRACEFULLY (un-gras'fol-1), adv. In an 
ungraceful manner. 

UNGRACEFULNESS (un-gras'fol-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being ungraceful. 

UNGRACIOUS (un-gra'shus), a. 1. Unman- 



nerly; slightly rude. 2. Not pleasing; of- 
fensive. 

UNGRACIOUSLY (un-gra'shus-11), adv. In an 
ungracious manner. 

UNGRATEFUL (un-grat'fol), a. 1. Showing a 
lack of gratitude. 2. Repugnant; disagree- 
able. 3. Not rewarding; thankless. 

UNGUAL (ung'gwal), a. Pertaining to, resem- 
bling, or having, a claw or nail. 

UNGUENT (ung'gwent), n. Ointment. [L. 
unguentum. Cf. UNCTION.] 

UNGUIS (ung'gwis), n. [pi. UNGUES (ung'- 
gwez).] 1. Nail; claw; hoof. 2. Structure or 
part resembling a nail or claw. 

UNGULA (ung'gu-la), n. 1. Hoof, as of a horse. 
2. Part cut off from a cylinder or cone, etc., 
by an inclined plane. [L.] 

UNGULATE (ung'gu-lat), a. 1. Having hoofs, 
as a horse. 2. Hoof-shaped. 

UNHALLOWED (un-hal'6d), a. 1. Not con- 
secrated. 2. Profane; very wicked. 

UNHAND (un-hand'), vt. [pr.p. UNHANDING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNHAND'ED.] Take the hands 
off; let go. 

UNHANDY (un-hand'i), a. Awkward. 

UNHAPPY (un-hap'l), a. 1. Not happy; miser- 
able; sad. 2. Unfortunate; unlucky. 3. Evil, i 

UNHARNESS (un-har'nes), vt. [pr.p. UNHAR'- | 
NESSING; p.t. and p.p. UNHARNESSED (un- 
har'nest).] Strip or divest of harness. 

UNHEARD (un-herd'), a. 1. Not perceived by 
the ear. 2. Not admitted to a hearing. 3. Not 
known to fame. — Unheard-of, unprecedented. 

UNHESITATING (un-hez'l-ta-ting), a. Done or 
acting without hesitation. 

UNHINGE (un-hinj'), vt. [pr.p. UNHIN'GING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNHINGED (un-hinjd).] 1. Take 
from the hinges. 2. Render unstable. 

UNHOLY (un-ho'li), a. 1. Not sacred; not hal- 
lowed. 2. Impure; wicked. 

UNHORSE (un-hars'), vt. [pr.p. UNHORSING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNHORSED (un-harst').] 1. 
Throw from a horse. 2. Rob of horses. 

UNHOUSE (un-howz'), vt. [pr.p. UNHOUS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNHOUSED (un-howzd').] De- 
prive of a house or shelter. 

UNHUMANIZE (un-hu'man-Iz), vt. [pr.p. UN- 
HUMANIZING; p.t. and p.p. UNHUMANIZED 
(un-hu'man-Izd).] 1. Divest of human char- 
acter. 2. Eliminate the humane studies from. 

UNHURT Cun-hurt'), a. Free from injury; un- 
harmed; not hurt. 

UNHUSK (un-husk'), vt. [pr.p. UNHUSK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNHUSKED (un-huskt) .] 1. 
Strip the husk or husks from. 2. Force to 
divulge one's thoughts or purpose. 

UNI-, prefix. Having one feature or character; 
single. [L. unus, one.] 

UNIAXAL (u-ni-aks'al), UNIAXIAL (u-ni-aks'i- 
al), a. 1. Having only a single axis. 2. Sym- 
metrical to one axis only, as the crystal called 
Iceland spar, which doubly refracts light 
transmitted through it. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfr in Scotch loch. 






UNICAMERAL 



1167 



UNITED STATES 




Unicorn. 




Uniform full-dress belt and cap for 
general officers U.S.A. 



UNICAMERAL (u-ni-kam'e-ral), a. Having 
only one chamber. 

UNICORN (u'nl-karn), n. 1. 
Fabulous animal with one 
horn. 2. Figure of the animal 
in heraldry, as in the coat of 
i T-ms of England. [L. unus, 
one, and cornu, horn.] 

UNILEAED (un-I-de'ad), a. 
Having no ideas; unintelli- 
gent; thoughtless. 

UNIFICATION (u-ni-fi-ka'- 

shun), n. Act of unifying or state of being 
unified. 

UNIFORM (u'ni-farm), I. a. 1. Having the 

same form, manner or 

character. 2. Agreeing 
with another. II. n. 
Dress or livery of the 
same kind for persons 
who be- 
long to the 
same body. 

UNIFORM- 
ITY (u-ni- 
farm'i-ti),n. 
Agreement 
with a pat- 
tern or rule; 
sameness; 
likeness be- 
tween the parts of a whole. 

UNIFY (u'ni-fi), vt. [pr.p. UNIFYING; p.t. and 
p.p. UNIFIED (uni-fid).] Make into one. [L. 
units, one, and facio, make.] 

UNIJAMA (u'ni-ja-ma), n. One-piece garment 
or union suit for men, designed for street wear. 
(Recent.) [UNI-, and Hind, jama, garment.] 

UNILATERAL (u-ni-lat'er-al), a. One-sided. 

UNIMPEACHABLE (un-im-pech'a-bl), a. Not 
to be called in question as to honesty; fault- 
less; blameless. 

UNIMPROVED (un-im-provd'), a. 1. Not ad- 
vantaged, bettered, or cultivated. 2. Not used 
or rendered available. 

UNINTENTIONAL (un-in-ten'shun-al), a. Done 
or occurring without intention. 

UNINTENTIONALLY (un-in-ten'shun-al-i), adv. 
Without design or premeditation. 

UnIO (u'ni-6), n. 1. Genus of river mussels of 
the bivalve family JJnionidw. 2. [u-] River 
mussel; fresh-water mus- 
sel. [L. unus, one.] 

UNION (un-yun), n. 1. A 
uniting; combination. 2. 
That which is united orl 
made one; body formed 
by the combination of 
parts; league. 3. Con- 
cord; harmony; agree- Unio (Unto valdensis). 
ment between parts. 4. Emblem of union, as 
the stars in the United States flag. 5. Trade- 
union; craft union; industrial union. 6. De- 




vice forming the upper inner corner of an en- 
sign; when used separately it is called a union- 
jack, especially that of the British flag. — 
Union Labor Party, political party of trade- 
unionists favoring trade-unionism. — Union- 
made, made by workingmen who are members 
of a trade-union. — American Union, the 
United States of America. 

SYN. Unison; unity; alliance; confedera- 
tion; coalition; connection; concord; har- 
mony; junction. ANT. Division; secession; 
disunion. 

UNIONIST (un'yun-ist), n. 1. One who favors 
union. 2. Trade-unionist; union-man. 

UNION-MAN (un'yun-man), n. [pi. ITN'ION- 
MEN.] Member of a trade-union. 

UNIPAROUS (u-nlp'a-rus), a. Bearing only one 
at a time. 

UN1PLANAR (u-nl-pla'nar), a. Lying or taking 
place in one plane. 

UNIPOLAR (u-ni-pd'lar), a. Having one pole or 
only one kind of polarity. 

UNIQUE (u-nek'), a. Without a like or equal. 
[Fr. — L. unicus — unus, one.] 

UNISON (u'ni-sun), n. Oneness; agreement. [L. 
unus, one, and sonus, sound.] 

UNISONANCE (u-nis'6-nans), n. State of being 
unisonant; identity in musical pitch. 

UNISONANT (u-nis'6-nant), UNISONOUS (u- 
nis'6-nus), a. Being in unison. 

UNIT (u'nit), n. 1. One; single thing or person; 
least whole number. 2. Anything taken as 
one, or as standard of measure. [From 
UNITY.] 

UNITABLE (u-ni'ta-bl), a. Capable of union. 

UNITARIAN (u-nl-ta'ri-an), I. n. One who 
asserts the unity of the Godhead as opposed to 
the Trinity, holding either that Christ was a 
manifestation of God in a human life not 
equal in rank with the Father, or that Jesus of 
Nazareth was a particularly holy man not 
differing in kind from other holy men. II. o. 
Pertaining to Unitarians or their doctrine. 
[L. unitas, unity — unus, one.] 

UnITARIANISM (u-nl-ta'ri-an-izm), n. Doc- 
trine of the Unitarians. 

UNITARY (u'ni-ta-ri), a. 1. Pertaining or tend- 
ing to unity. 2. Pertaining to, or having the 
nature of, a unit. 

UNITE (u-nit), v. [pr.p. UNI'TING; p.t. and p.p. 
UNI'TED.] I. vt. 1. Make one; bring to- 
gether; join. 2. Make to agree or adhere; 
harmonize. II. vi. 1. Become one. 2. Act 
together. 

UNITED (u-ni'ted), a. Joined together; con- 
joint; in union. 

UNITED KINGDOM. Name adopted on Jan. 
1, 1801, when Great Britain and Ireland were 
united. Area, 130,973 square miles. 

United States of America. Federal re- 
public, North America. Area (including 
Alaska, Hawaii, Philippines, Porto Rico v 
Sama, Tutuila, and Guam), 3,756,884 sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in 'Scotch gude: oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



UNITISM 



1168 



UNMASK 




UNITIS3I (u'nit-izm), n. Monism. 

UNITIVE (u'nit-iv), a. Harmonizing. 

UNITIZE (unit-iz), vt. [pr.p. UNITIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNITIZED (u'nit-izd).] Bring Into 
unity or harmony. 

UNITY (u'nl-ti), n. 1. Oneness. 2. Agree- 
ment; harmony. 3. Math. Any quantity 
taken as one. — The Unities (of place, time, 
and action), the three requirements of the 
classical dramathat the scenes should be at 
the same place; that all the events should be 
such as might happen within a single day; and 
that nothing should be admitted not directly 
relevant to the development of the plot. [Fr. 
unite — L. unitas — unus, one.] 

UNIVALVE (u'ni-valv), I. a. Having one 
valve or shell 
only. II. n. 
M o 1 1 u s k 
whose shell 
Is composed 
of a single 
piece. 

UNIVERSAL Univalve. 

(u-nl-ver'sal), a. 1. Comprehending or affecting 
the whole; having no exception; unlimited; 
general. 2. Common to all members of a 
group. 3. Suited to all or many purposes, as 
a machine. — Universal joint, device allowing 
one shaft to rotate another at an angle. [See 
UNIVERSE.] 

UNIVERSALISM (u-ni-ver'sal-lzm), n. Doc- 
trine or belief of the ultimate salvation of all 
mankind. 

UnIVERSALIST (u-nl-ver'sal-ist), n. Believer 
in Universalism. 

UNIVERSALITY (u-ni-ver-sal'i-ti), n. Unlim- 
ited application; unrestricted extent. 

UNIVERSALLY (u-nl-ver'sal-i), adv. In a uni- 
versal manner. 

UNIVERSE (u'ni-vers), n. 1. All created things 
viewed as one whole; whole world. 2. Man- 
kind. [L. universum, turned into one whole — 
unus, one, and verto, versum, turn.] 

UNIVERSITY (u-ni-ver'sl-ti), n. [pi. UNIVER- 
SITIES (u-ni-ver'sl-tiz).] Institution for sci- 
entific research, for teaching the higher 
branches of learning (science., literature, etc.), 
and having power to confer degrees in philoso- 
phy, medicine, law, theology, etc. [L. univcr- 
sitas, corporation — universus, universal.] 

UNIVOCAL (u-niv'o-kal), a. Having but one 
proper meaning ; opposed to EQUIVOCAL. 

UNJUST (un-jusf), a. Contrary to what is just; 
wrongful; unrighteous. 

UNKEMPT (un-kempf), a. Uncombed; unpol- 
ished. [A. S. cemban, comb.] 

UNKNOWABLE (un-noa-bl), a. 1. That can- 
not be known; being beyond human capacity 
for knowledge. 2. Unexplainable. — The 
Unknowable, element in or aspect of the 
universe assumed to be not simply unknown 
but incapable of being known, thus differing 



in kind not only from all that is known but 
from all that can be known. It is not ex- 
plained how, if a thing be unknowable, we 
can know of it that it cannot be known. 

UNKNOWN (un-non), I. a. Not known; not dis- 
covered; not become an object of knowledge. 
II. n. One who or that which is not known. 

UNLAID (un-lad), a. 1. Not laid, fixed, or 
quieted. 2. Not having parallel water-marked 
lines, as paper. 

UNLAWFUL (un-la'fol), a. Contrary to law. 

UNLAWFULLY (un-la'fol-i), adv. In an unlaw- 
ful manner. 

UNLEARN (un-lern') , vt. [pr.p. UNLEARN'ING ; 
p.t. and p.p. UNLEARNED (un-lernd').] For- 
get, or learn the opposite of (what has been 
learned). 

UNLEARNED (un-lern'ed), a. 1. Ignorant. 3. 
Not possessed of learning. 

UNLESS (un-les'), conj. If not; supposing that 
not; except. 

UNLICKED (un-likt), a. Not licked Into shape, 
as a bear-cub; uncouth. 

UNLDXE (un-lik'), a. Different; dissimilar. 

UNLIKELY (un-lik'li), I. a. Improbable; not 
promising. II. adv. Improbably. 

UNLLMBER (un-limber), vt. [pr.p. UNLIM'- 
BERING; p.t. and p.p. UNLEVLBERED (un- 
lim'berd).] Remove the limbers from, as a 
gun. 

UNLIMITED (un-lim'it-ed), a. 1. Having no 
limits as to space, time or number. 2. Not 
restricted or qualified. 

UNLINE (un-lin) vt. [pr.p. UNLI'NING; p.t. and 
p.p. UNLINED (un-lind').] Remove the lining 
or contents from; empty. 

UNLOAD (un-16d), vt. [pr.p. UNLOADING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNLOAD'ED.] Take the load from; 
discharge; disburden. 

UNLOCK (un-lok'), vt. [pr.p. UNLOCK'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNLOCKED (un-lokt').] Unfast- 
en (what Is locked) ; open. 

UNLOOKED (un-lokt), a. (Usually with for.) 
Unexpected; unhoped. 

UNLOOSE (un-16s'), v. [pr.p. UNLOOSING; p.t, 
and p.p. UNLOOSED (un-16st).] I. vt. 1. 
Unfasten; untie; undo. 2. Set at liberty. H. 
vi. Become unfastened or disconnected. 

UNLORDED (un-lard'ed), a. 1. Not elevated to 
the peerage. 2. Not ruled by a lord. 

UNLUCKY (un-luk'i), a. Not lucky; unfor- 
tunate; prone to misfortune. 

UNMADE (un-mad'), a. 1. Not yet made or con- 
structed. 2. Taken to pieces; disunited. 

UNMAKE (un-mak'), vt. [pr.p. UNMAKING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNMADE (un-mad').] 1. De- 
stroy the characteristic features of; spoil. 2. 
Depose; dethrone. 

UNMAN (un-man'), vt. [pr.p. UNMANNING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNMANNED (un-mand').J 1. 
Deprive of the powers of a man, as courage, 
etc.; emasculate. 2. Deprive of men. 

UNMASK (un-mask'), v. [pr.p. UNMASK'ING; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c^ in Scotch loch. ' 



UNMEET 



1169 



UNRULY 



p.t. and p.p. UNMASKED (un-maskt').l I. 
vt. Remove the mask from. II. vi. Put off 
a mask. 

UNMEET (un-mef), a. Not suitable. 

UNMENTIONABLE (un-men'shun-a-bl), I. a. 
Not fit to be mentioned. II. n.pl. Ludi- 
crous name for trousers. 

UNMITIGATED (un-mlt'i-ga-ted), a. 1. Not 
lightened in effect; unabated. 2. Extremely 
wicked. 

UNMOOR (un-mor'), v. [pr.p. UNMOORING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNMOORED (un-mord').] I. vt. 
Release from moorings. II. vi. Weigh anchor. 

UNMOVED (un-movd'), o. Not changed in po- 
sition, purpose or feelings. 

UNNATURAL (un-nat'u-ral), a. 1. Not ac- 
cording to the laws of nature. 2. Destitute of 
natural feelings or instincts. 3. Contrary to 
the common laws of morality. 4. Untrue to 
life; artificial. 

UNNERVE (un-nerv), vt. [pr.p. UNNERVING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNNERVED (un-nervd').] De- 
prive of nerve or vigor; weaken. 

UNNIMBED (un-nimd')» a. Not having a nim- 
bus. 

UNPACK (un-pak'), vt. [pr.p. UNPACKING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNPACKED (un-pakt).] Take 
out of a pack; open. 

UNPARALLELED (un-par'a-leld), a. Without 
parallel or equal. 

UNPARLIAMENTARY (un-par-li-men'ta-rl), a. 
Contrary to the rules of proceeding in a legis- 
lative body. 

UNPEERABLE (un-per'a-bl), a. Incomparable; 
unapproachable. 

UNPEERED Uin-perd'), a. Unrivaled. 

UNPEN (un-pen), vt. [pr.p. UNPENNING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNPENNED (un-pend').] Free from 
captivity. 

UNPEOPLE (un-pe'pl), vt. [pr.p. UNPEOPLING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNPEOPLED (un-pepld).] De- 
prive of people. 

UNPLAIT (un-plaf), vt. [pr.p. UNPLAIT'ING;p.f. 
and p.p. UNPLAIT'ED.] Undo (something 
plaited). 

UNPLEASANT (un-plez'ant), a. Giving dis- 
pleasure. 

UNPLEASANTNESS (un-plez'ant-nes), n. 1. 
Quality of being unpleasant. 2. Trifling 
quarrel. 

UNPOINTED (un-point ed), a. 1. Not sharp. 
2. Purposeless. 3. Unpunctuated. 4. Having 
no diacritical marks. 5. Having the joints 
not cemented or mortared, as a wall. 

UNPRACTICED (un-prak'tist), a. 1. Not ex- 
perienced or trained. 2. Not yet carried out 
in practice; not used or tried. 

UNPRECEDENTED (un-pres'e-dent-ed), a. Nev- 
er before done or heard of. 

UNPREJUDICED (un-prej'u-dlst), a. 1. Free 
from bias; impartial. 2. Not injured. 

UNPREMEDITATED (un-pre-med'1-ta-ted), a. 
Not planned or considered beforehand. 



UNPRETENDING (un-pre-tend'ing), a. Not 
making pretense; modest. 

UNPRINCIPLED (un-prin'si-pld), a. Being 
without moral principles; wicked; unscrupu- 
lous. 

UNPROFESSIONAL (un-pro-fesh'un-al), a. 1. 
Having no profession. 2. Lying outside of 
one's profession. 3. Violating the ethics of a 
profession. 

UNPRONOUNCEABLE (un-pro-nowns'a-bi), a. 
1. Hard to pronounce. 2. Unmentionable. 

UNPUNCTUATED (un-pungk'tu-a-ted), a. Hav- 
ing no marks of punctuation, as comma, 
period, etc. 

UNQUALIFIED (un-kwol'I-fid), a. 1. Incom- 
petent. 2. Not having qualified, as by passing 
an examination. 3. Unrestricted; absolute. 

UNQUENCHABLE (un-kwench'a-bl), a. That 
cannot be quenched or extinguished. 

UNQUESTIONED (un-kwes'chund), a. 1. Not 
called In question. 2. Indisputable; absolute. 
3. Not molested with questions. 

UNRAVEL (un-rav'l), v. [pr.p. UNRAVELING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNRAVELED (un-rav'ld).] I. vt* 
1. Take out of a raveled state; disentangle. 2. 
Unfold; explain. II. vi. Be disentangled. 

UNREAD (un-red')» a. 1. Not informed by 
reading; ignorant. 2. Not yet read. 

UNREADY (un-redi), a. 1. Not quick to see or 
appreciate. 2. Unprepared. 

UNREAL (un-re'al), a. Not real or substantial; 
fanciful. 

UNREALITY (un-re-al'i-ti), n. 1. State of being 
unreal; absence of substance. 2. State of 
being impractical or visionary. 

UNREASON (un-re'zn), n. Lack of reason; 
folly; nonsense. 

UNREGENERATE (un-re-jen'er-at), a. 1. Not 
reconciled to God; not born again into spirit- 
uality of life. 2. Wicked. 

UNREMITTING (un-re-mit'ing), a. Persever- 
ing; incessant. 

UNRESERVE (un-re-zerv'), n. Freedom In 
manner or style. 

UNREST (un-resf), n. Want of rest; disquiet of 
mind or body. 

UNRIDDLE (un-rid'l), vt. [pr.p. UNRID'DEING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNRIDDLED (un-rid'ld).] Solve. 

UNRIG (un-rig), vt. [pr.p. UNRIG'GING;p.*. and 
p.p. UNRIGGED (un-rigd).] Strip of rigging. 

UNRIVALED (un-ri'vald), a. Matchless. 

UNROLL (un-rol), v. [pr.p. UNROLL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNROLLED (un-ro id').] I. vt. Open 
out with a rolling motion. II. vi. Unfold; 
uncoil. 

UNROOF (un-rof), vt. [pr.p. UNROOF'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNROOFED (un-ro ft').] Strip the 
roof off. 

UNRUFFLED (un-ruf'ld), a. Not disturbed or 
excited; calm. 

UNRULINESS (un-ro'll-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being unruly. 

UNRULY (un-ro'li), a. Refractory; turbulent. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolt; mute, but, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



UNSADDLE 



1170 



UNURNED 



UNSADDLE (un-sad'l), vt. [pr.p. UNSADDLING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNSADDLED (un-sad'ld).] 1. 
Take the saddle off. 2. Throw from the saddle. 

UNSAVORY (un-sa/vur-i), a. 1. Having a bad 
taste or odor. 2. Associated with misconduct, 
as a reputation. 

UNSCATHED (un-skaffrd')» a. Not harmed. 

UNSCREW (un-skro'), vt. [pr.p. UNSCREWING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNSCREWED (un-skrod').] Loose 
from screws; unfasten; screw out. 

UNSEAL (un-seT), vt. [pr.p. UNSEAL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNSEALED (un-seld').] Remove the 
seal of; disclose; reveal. 

UNSEAT (un-set'), vi. [pr.p. UNSEATING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNSEAT'ED.] Throw from, or de- 
prive of, a seat. 

UNSEEMLY (un-sem'li), a. Unbecoming. 

UNSELFISH (un-self'ish), a. Not influenced by 
or arising from selfishness. 

UNSENSE (un-sens'), vt. [pr.p. UNSENS'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UN SENSED (un-senst').] To rid of 
the dominion of sense. 

UNSETTLE (un-set'l), v. [pr.p. UNSET 'TLING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNSETTLED (un-set'ld).] I. vt. 
Displace; put in disorder or confusion; make 
uncertain. II. vi. Become unfixed. 

UNSEX (un-seks'), vt. [pr.p. UNSEX'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNSEXED (un-sekst').] 1. Deprive 
of sex or of sex characteristics. 2. Make un- 
manly or unwomanly. 

UNSHACKLE (un-shak'l), vt. [pr.p. UNSHACK'- 
LING; p.t. and p.p. UNSHACKLED (un-shak'- 
ld).] Loose from shackles; set free. 

UNSHEATHE (un-sheW), vt. [pr.p. UN- 
SHEATHING; p.t. and p.p. UNSHEATHED 
(un-shet7id').l Draw out of the scabbard. 

UNSHIP (un-ship'), v. [pr.p. UNSHIPPING; p.U 
and p.p. UNSHIPPED (un-shipt).] I. vt. 1. 
Unload from a ship; throw overboard. 2. Re- 
move (an oar or tiller) from Its place. II. vi. 
Become unfastened, as a rudder. 

UNSIGHTLY (un-sit'li), a. Not pleasing to the 
eye; ugly. 

UNSKILLED (un-skild'), a. 1. Without dex- 
terity, especially in artisan's work; able to do 
common labor only. 2. Done or produced 
without skill. 

UNSOLDER (un-sod'er), vt. [pr.p. UNSOLDER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNSOLDERED (un-sod'- 
erd).] Disunite (something soldered). 

UNSOPHISTICATED (un-so-fis'ti-ka-ted), a. 1. 
Natural; artless; genuine. 2. Not corrupted or 
perverted. 3. Ignorant; unskilled in conduct. 

UNSPARING (un-spar'ing), a. 1. Not saving; 
lavish; prodigal. 2. Not forbearing; cruel. 

UNSPEAKABLE (un-spek'a-bl), a. That cannot 
be properly described; unutterable. 

UNSTABLE (un-sta'bl), a. 1. Not stable; sub- 
ject to dissolution, fall, or change. 2. Irreso- 
lute. 

UNSTATE (un-staf), vt. [pr.p. UNSTA'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNSTA'TED.] 1. Divest of state- 
hood; overthrow. 2. Deprive of office. 



UNSTOCK (un-stok'), vt. [pr.p. UNSTOCK'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. UNSTOCKED (un-stokt').] 1. 

Deplete of stock, as a warehouse. 2. Remove 

the stock of, as a gun. 3. Take from the stocks, 

as a ship. 
UNSTOP (un-stop'), vt. [pr.p. UNSTOP'PING; 

p.t. and p.p. UNSTOPPED (un-stopt').] 1. 

Free from a stopper. 2. Free from hindrance. 
UNSTRLVG (un-strlng'), vt. [pr.p. UNSTRING'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. UNSTRUNG (un-strung').] 

1. Take the strings off. 2. Relax ; loosen. 
UNSTUDIED (un-stud'ld), a. 1. Not planned 

beforehand. 2. Natural. 3. Not having 
studied; unversed. 4. Not devoted to study. 

UNTHINKING (un-thingk'ing), a. 1. Notcapable 
of thinking. 2. Acting or done without proper 
thought. 

UNTHREAD (un-thred'), vt. [pr.p. UNTHREAD'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. UNTHREADED.] 1. Draw 
out a thread from. 2. Loose the threads of. 

UNTHRIFTY (un-thrift'l), a. 1. Not growing or 
prospering. 2. Not conducive to thrift; harm- 
ful. 3. Not possessing thrift; wasteful. 

UNTIDY (un-ti'di), a. Not neat; disorderly; 
dirty. 

UNTIE (un-ti'), v. [pr.p. UNTYING; p.t. and p.p. 
UNTIED (un-tid').] I. vt. 1. Loosen or undo. 

2. Loose; liberate. II. vi. Become untied. 
UNTIL (un-til')j I. prep. Till; to; as far as. II. 

adv. Till; up to the time that. [A. S.] 

UNTIMELY (un-tim'li), a. Premature; inop- 
portune. 

UNTIRING (un-tir'ing), a. Not tiring or becom- 
ing tired. 

UNTO (un'to), prep. To. [A. S. on, In, and TO.] 

UNTOLD (un-toldO, a. 1. Not disclosed. 3. 
Not counted; innumerable. 

UNTOWARD (un-to'ard), a. Perverse; awkward; 
inconvenient. 

UNTOWARDLY (un-to'ard-li), adv. In an un- 
toward manner. 

UNTOWARDNESS (un-to'ard-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being untoward. 

UNTRAVELED (un-trav'ld), a. 1. Not having 
learned by traveling. 2. Never passed over by 
man. 

UNTRIMMED (un-trimd), a. 1. Not pruned; 
not cut. 2. Not furnished with trimmings, as 
a girl's hat. 

UNTRUE (un-tro'), a. 1. Not corresponding 
with fact. 2. Not conforming to rule. 3. Not 
adhering to truth or faith; disloyal. 

UNTRUTH (un-troth'), n. Falsehood; lie. 

UNTUTORED (un-tuturd), a. Uneducated; un- 
instructed; raw. 

UNTWINE (un-twin'), vt. [pr.p. UNTWINING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNTWINED (un-twind').] Open 
or separate (what is twined together). 

UNTWIST (un-twisf), vt. [pr.p. UNTWIST'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNTWIST'ED.] Open (what is 
twisted) . 

UNURNED (un-urnd'), a. Not placed In an urn; 
unburied. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



UNUSED 



1171 



UPROAR 



UNUSED (un-uzd'), «. 1. Not employed; never 
used. 2. Not accustomed; with to. 

UNUTTERABLE (un-ut'er-a-bl), a. That can- 
not be spoken; too great or deep for expression. 

UNVARNISHED (un-var'nisht), a. 1. Having 
no coating of varnish. 2. Plain; simple. 

UN VASCULAR (un-vas'ku-lar), a. Devoid of 
blood-vessels. 

UNVEIL (un-val'), v. [pr.p. UNVEIL'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. UNVEILED (un-vald').] I. vt. Re- 
move the veil or concealing drapery from, 
especially a statue, with ceremony of dedica- 
tion; disclose. II. vi. Remove one's veil. 

UNWARRANTABLE (un-wor'ant-a-bl), a. That 
cannot be defended or justified. 

UNWARY (un-wa'ri), a. 1. Not guarding 
against deception. 2. Not wily. 

UNWEARIED (un-wer'ld), a. Not tiring; in- 
defatigable. 

UNWEARIEDLY (un-wer'id-li) , adv. In an un- 
wearied manner. 

UNWEPT (un-wepf), «. Not mourned. 

UNWIELDY (un-weld'i), a. Not easily moved 
or handled. 

UNWITTINGLY (un-wit'ing-li), adv. Without 
knowledge; ignorantly. 

UNWONTED (un-wunt'ed), a. Unaccustomed; 
unusual. 

UNWORTHY (un-wur'*M), a. Not worthy; 
worthless; unbecoming. 

UNWRAP (un-rap), vt. [pr.p. UNWRAPPING; 
p.t. and p.p. UNWRAPPED (un-rapt).] Open 
(what is wrapped or folded). 

UP (up), n. See UPS. 

UP (up), adv. 1. Toward, or in, a higher place 
or position. 2. In a condition of elevation, 
advance, excitement, etc. 3. To or at an end. 
[A. S. up, uppe. Cf. Ger. auf.} 

UP (up), a. Going or tending upward, as an up 
grade. — Tip and down, vertical; as, an up and 
down motion. 

UP (up), prep. To a higher place on or along. 

UPAS (u'pas), UPAS-TREE (u'pas-tre), n. 1. 
Tree of Java, etc., which 
yields poisonous secretions. 
2. Poisonous sap of the tree. 
[Malay, poison.] 

UPBEAR (up-bar), vt. [pr.p. 
UPBEAR'ING; p.t. UPBORE 
(up-bor') ; p.p. UPBORNE 
(up-born').] Bear up; raise 
aloft; sustain. 

UPBRAID (up-brad'), vt. [pr.p. 
UPBRAIDING; p.t. and p.p. 
UPBRAID'ED.] 1. Reproach 
for something wrong or dis- 
graceful; chide. 2. Be a reproach to. [A. 
upgebredan. Cf. Ice. breyda, charge.] 

SYN. Blame; censure; condemn. ANT. 
Applaud; commend; extol. 

UPCAST (up'kast), n. 1. A casting upward. 2. 
That which is cast up. 3. Shaft for upward 
passage of air in a mine. 




Upas-tree (Anti- 
aris toxicaria). 



S. 



UPHEAVAL (up-hev'al), n. Raising of surface 
formations by the action of internal forces. 

UPHEAVE (up-hev'), vt. [pr.p. UPHEAVING; 
p.t. and p.p. UPHEAVED (up-hevd').] Heave 
or lift up. 

UPHILL (up 'hil), I. adv. Upwards on an incline. 
II. a. Ascending; difficult. 

UPHOLD (up-hold), vt. [pr.p. UPHOLDING; 
p.t. and p.p. UPHELD (up-held').] 1. Hold 
up; sustain. 2. Countenance; defend; aid. 

UPHOLDER (up-hold'er), n. One who upholds; 
sustainer; supporter; as, an upholder of law 
and order. [UP and HOLDER.] 

UPHOLSTER (up-hol'ster), vt. [pr.p. UPHOL'- 
STERING; p.t, and p.p. UPHOLSTERED (up- 
hol'sterd).] 1. Furnish with hangings, cover- 
ings, etc. 2. Furnish with springs, cushions 
and trimmings. [From UPHOLDER.] 

UPHOLSTERER (up-hol'ster-er), ». One who 
supplies coverings, curtains, etc.; one who 
upholsters. 

UPHOLSTERY (up-hol'ster-I), n. Wares or 
business of upholsterers. 

UPLAND (up'land), I. n. High land, as opposed 
to meadows, river-sides, etc. II. a. 1. High 
in situation. 2. Pertaining to uplands. 

UPLIFT (up-lift '), vt. [pr.p. UPLIFT'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. UPLIFT ED.] Lift up or raise aloft. 

UPLIFT (up-lift'), n. 1. Mental or moral eleva- 
tion. 2. Geol. Upheaval. 

UPLIFTER (up-llft'er), n. Moral reformer. 

UPLYING (up'li-lng), a. Lying at an elevation; 
upland. 

UPMOST (up'most), a. Highest; being at the 
top. 

UPON (up-on'), prep. On; on top of. 

UPPER (up'er), I. a. [eomp. of UP.] Further up; 
higher in position, dignity, etc.; superior. II. 
n. 1. Upper portion of a shoe or boot; vamp 
and quarters. 2. [pi.] Gaiters that button over 
the ankle above the shoe. — Upper ten, the 
aristocracy or upper classes. (Short for upper 
ten thousand, first used of the aristocracy of 
New York City.) 

UPPERHAND (up'er-hand), n. Superiority; 
advantage. 

UPPERMOST (up'er-most), a. Highest in place* 
power, or authority; predominant. 

UPPISH (up'ish), a. Arrogant; self-assertive. 
(ColloQ.) 

UPRIGHT (up'rit), I. a. 1. In an erect position. 
2. Adhering to rectitude; honest; just. II. n. 
Something in a vertical position, as a timber, 
engine, or piano. 

UPRIGHTLY (up'rit-li), adv. In an upright 
manner. 

UPRIGHTNESS (up'rit-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being upright. 

UPRISING (up-ri'zing), n. 1. Act of rising. 2. 
Popular revolt; Insurrection. 

UPROAR (up'ror), n. Noise; tumult; bustle; 
clamor. [Dut. oproere, stir. Cf. Ger. aufruhr, 
uproar.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



UPROARIOUS 



1173 



URGE 



UPROARIOUS (up-rdr'i-us), a. Making or ac- 
companied by an uproar. 

UPROOT (up-rot), vt. [pr.p. UPROOTTNG; p.t. 
and p.p. UPROOT 'ED.] Tear up by the roots; 
remove utterly; extirpate. 

UPS (ups), n.pl. Turns of good fortune; chiefly 
in the phrase ups and downs. 

UPSALA (op-sa'la), n. City, Sweden, 31 miles 
N. W. of Stockholm. 

UPSET (up-set'), vt. [pr.p. UPSET'TING; p.t. 
and p.p. UPSET']. 1. Turn upside down; over- 
throw. 2. Disturb; bewilder; make sick. 3. 
Shorten and thicken (metal) by hammering 
or pressure; swage. 

UPSET (up'set), I. a. Fixed; determined. II. 
n. Act of upsetting or state of being upset. 

UPSHOT vup'shot), n. Final issue; end. 

UPSIDE (up'sid), n. Upper side. 

UPSIDE-DOWN, (up-sid-down'), adv. 1. With 
the upper part undermost. 2. In complete 
confusion. 

UPSTAIRS (up-starz'), I. a. Pertaining to an 
upper story or flat. II. adv. To a story above; 
up the stairs. III. n. Upper story. 

UPSTART (up' start), I. n. One who has sud- 
denly risen to wealth; one who makes arro- 
gant pretensions. II. a. Suddenly raised to 
prominence or wealth; pretentious. 

UPSTREAM (up'streni), adv. Toward the upper 
part of a stream; against the current. 

UPTAKE (up'tak), n. 1. Taking up. 2. Part 
of flue, where the combustion gases unite 
and turn toward the smoke-stack. 

UPTHROW (up'thro), n. 1. A throwing upward. 
2. Geol. Upward displacement of the rock on 
one side of a fault. 

UPTHRUST(up'thrust), n. 1. An upward thrust. 
2. Geol. Violent upheaval of rocks. 

UPTURN (up-turn), vt. [pr.p. UPTURNING; 
p.t. and p.p. UPTURNED (up-turnd').] 1. Turn 
upward. 2. Turn over; throw into confusion. 

UpUPA (u'pu-pa), n. Genus of slender-billed 
birds; the best known species is TJpupa epops 
or common hoopoe. See cut under HOOPOE. 

UPWARD (up' ward), I. a. Directed toward 
a higher place. II. adv. Toward a higher 
place; opposed to DOWNWARD. 

UPWARDS (up'wardz), adv. 1. Toward a high- 
er place. 2. Toward a higher price, 3. In 
excess; more. 

UREMIA, UREMIA (u-re'mi-a), n. Disease 
caused by retention in the blood of waste 
products, that are normally eliminated by the 
kidneys; acute Rright's disease 
[Gr. ouron, urine, and haima, 
blood.] 

UREMIC, UREMIC (u-re'mik), a. 
Relating to uraemia. 

UR^US (u-re'us), n. Snake-head 
emblem on head-dress of Egyp- 
tian kings, queens, and gods. Urseus. 

Ural (u'rai) Mountains, separate Europe 

from Asia. Highest peak 5,540 feet. 





UrALEPTUS (u-ra-lep'tus), n. Genus of soft 
finned fishes 
of the fam- 
ily Gadidoe 
related to 
the cods. 
Uraleptus Uraleptus (U.maraldi). 

maraldi, best known in the Mediterranean, has 
thick head, broad snout, and tail tapering into 
a narrow band, whence the name. [Gr. oura, 
tail, and leptos narrow.] 

URANIA (u-ra'nt-a), n. Classic Myth. Muse of 
astronomy. 

URANINITE (u-ran'i-nit), n. Min. A greenish- 
black sub-metallic mineral, chief source of 
uranium; pitchblende. [From URANIUM.] 

URANITE (u'ra-nit), n. Tetragonal mineral 
occurring in square plates with beveled edges, 
occasionally in square octahedrons. [From 
URANIUM.] 

URANIUM (u-ra'ni-um), n. Rare metal of a 
color like that of nickel or iron, and never 
found native. Its compounds are highly 
radioactive. [After the planet Uranus.] 

URANOGRAPHY (u-ra-nog'ra-fi), n. Descrip- 
tive astronomy. [Gr. ouranos, heaven.] 

URANUS (u'ra-nus), n. I. Greek Myth. Most 
ancient of all the gods, the father of Chronos 
(Time). 2. Planet, discovered by Herschel, 
about 32,000 miles in diameter. Has four sat- 
ellites or moons, is 1800 millions of miles dis- 
tantfrom the sun, around whichit revolves once 
in 84 years. [Gr. Ouranos — ouranos, heaven.] 

URRAN (fir 'ban), a. Of or belonging to a city. 
[lu urbanus — urbs, city.] 

URRANE (fir-ban'), a. Pertaining to, or cus- 
tomary in, a city; civilized; refined; courteous. 
[See URBAN.] 

URBANITY (ur-ban'i-ti), n. Politeness. 

URCHIN (ur'chin), n. 1. Hedgehog. 2. Child; 
mischievous boy. 3. Sea-urchin. [O. Fr. 
ericon — E. ericius, hedgehog.] 

UREA (u're-a), n. A very soluble, colorless, 
crystalline compound found in the fluids of 
animal bodies, especially in the urine. This 
was the first organic compound ever arti- 
ficially prepared (by Woehler in 1828), a 
process considered impossible until then. 
[From URINE.] 

UREMIA. See URAEMIA. 

URETER (u-re'ter), n. A duct from each kidney 
to the bladder. [Gr. oureter — ouron, urine.] 

URETHRA (u-re'thra), n. Tube from the blad- 
der to the exterior. [L. — Gr. ourmhra — ouron 9 
urine.] 

URGE (urj), v. [pr.p. UR'GING; p.t. and p.p. 
URGED (urjd).] I. vt. 1. Force or drive on- 
ward. 2. Impel; constrain. 3. Insist on. 4. 
Importune. II. vi. 1. Put forth arguments or 
claims. 2. Persist; insist. [L. urgeo.] 

SYN. Importune; spur; accelerate; actu- 
ate; promote; encourage; instigate; prompt. 
ANT. Repress; hinder; damp; discourage. 






fate, fat, tasK, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\l=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ~kh=ch in Scotch loch. 






URGENCY 



1173 



USER 



URGENCY (fir'jen-si), n. [pi. URGENCIES 
(ur'jen-siz).] 1. Quality or state of being 
urgent. 2. That which is urgent. 3. Act of 
urging. 

URGENT (iir'jent), a. 1. Pressing with im- 
portunity. 2. Calling for immediate attention. 
[L. urgens.] 

URGENTLY (iir'jent- 11), adv. In an urgent 
manner. 

URIC (u'rik), o. Of, pertaining to, or derived 
from, urine; as, uric acid, a white, tasteless, 
and inodorous acid, contained in urine. 

URINAL (u'ri-nal), n. 1. Convenience, either 
public or private, in which to discharge urine. 
2. Vessel or tube for holding urine. 

URINARY (u'ri-na-ri), I. a. Pertaining to or 
like urine. II. n. [pi. URINARIES (u'ri-na- 
riz).] Urinal. 

URINATE (u'ri-nat), vi. [pr.p. URINATING; 
p.t. and p.p. U'RINATED.] To void urine. 

URINATION (u-ri-na'shun), w. Act of urinating. 

URINATIVE (u'ri-na-tiv), a. Inducing a flow of 
urine. 

URINE (u'rin), n. Fluid which is separated from 
the blood by the kidneys. [L. urina.] 

URN (urn), n. Vessel of various forms, usually 
largest in the mid- 
dle, and furnished 
with a foot or pedes- 
tal, used for hold- 
ing liquids, for or- 
namental purposes 
and for preserving 
the ashes of the dead 
after cremation. [L. 
urna, vesselof burnt 
clay — uro, burn.] 

UROCONGER (u-ro-kong'ger), n. Genus of eel- 
like fishes of the family Congridw, which in- 
cludes the plainly colored scaleless eels. XJro- 
conger vicinus, the only representative of the 
genus known in the Atlantic, has a much com- 
pressed body and tail. [Gr. oura, tail, and 
CONGER.] 




Grecian Urna. 



Uroconger (£7. vicinus). 



UROSIS (u-ro'sis), n. 
urinary organs. [Gr 



Any disease 
ouron, urine.] 



of the 



XJrSA (ur'sa), n. She-bear; name of two con- 
stellations U. 
Major and U. 
Minor, Great and 
Little Bear. [L„ 
she-bear.] 

URSINE (ur'sin), 
a. Of or resem- 
bling a bear. 
— Ursine dastj- Ursine Dasyure. 

ure, ferocious marsupial {Dasyurus ursinus), 
commonly known as the Tasmanian devil. 






URSON (ur'sun), n. North American species of 
tree porcupine (Erethi- 
zon dorsatus). 

URSULINE (ur'su-Iin), 
n. One of an order of 
Roman Catholic women, 
for the nursing of the 
sick and the teaching of * 
young girls. 

URTICATE (ur'ti-kat), v. "t^f 

[pr.p. UR'TICATING; Urson. 

p.U and p.p. URTICATED.] I. vt. Sting, as 

with nettles; irritate. II. vi. Sting. [L. urtica, 

nettle.] 

URTICATION (iir-ti-ka'shun), n. Act of urtlca- 
tlng, specifically the whipping of a benumbed 
limb with nettles to restore its feeling. 

URUGUAY (o-ro-gwi'), w. Republic, S. America. 
Capital Montevideo. Area 72,170 sq. m. 

URUGUAYAN (o-ro-gwl'an), n. Native or In- 
habitant of Uruguay. 

URUS (u'rus), n. Extinct 
European wild ox. 

US (us), pron. Objective case 
Of WE. 

USABLE (u'za-bl), o. That 
may be used. 

USAGE (u'zaj), n. 1. Actor 
mode of using; treatment. 
2. Practice; custom. [Fr. 
— L. usus.] 

USE (uz), v. [pr.p. U'SING; 
p.t. and p.p. USED (uzd).] 
I. vt. 1. Put to some 
purpose. 2. Avail one's 
self of. 3. Habituate. 4. 
Treat or behave toward. II. vi. Be accus- 
tomed. [Fr. user — L. utor, usus, use.] 

SYN. Employ; occupy; engage; possess; 
have; hold; keep. ANT. Discard; avoid; 
Ignore. 

USE (us), n. 1. Act of using or putting to a pur- 
pose. 2. Convenience; servlceableness; ad- 
vantage. 3. Occasion to employ; necessity. 4. 
Practice; custom. 

USEFUL (us'fol), a. Full of use or advantage; 
able to do good; serviceable; beneficial; help- 
ful; salutary; expedient; convenient; suitable. 

USEFULLY (us'fol-i), adv. In a useful manner. 

USEFULNESS (us'fol-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being useful. 

USELESS (us'les), o. Not answering any good 
purpose or the end proposed. 

SYN. Fruitless; Ineffectual; unprofitable; 
bootless; vain; futile; abortive; nugatory; 
unavailing; valueless; worthless. ANT. Use- 
ful; available; helpful. 

USELESSLY (us'les-li), adv. In a useless man- 
ner. 

USELESSNESS (us'les-nes), ». Quality or state 
of being useless. 

USER (u'zer), n. 1. One who uses. 2. Law. 
Use or enjoyment; as, "an open space In 



Senor Jose y Ordo- 
nez, elected presi- 
dent of Uruguay in 
1903. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut. burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



USHER 



1174 



UXORIOUSNESS 



which the public has an uninterrupted right 
of user for purposes of public meeting." 

USHER (ush'er), n. 1. One whose business it is 
to introduce strangers into a hall, or to walk 
before a person of rank. 2. One who escorts 
persons to their seats in a church, theater, etc. 
3. Under-teacher. [O. Fr. ussier (Fr. huissier) 
— L. ostiarius — ostium, door.] 

USHER (usher), vt. [pr.p. USH'ERING; p.t. and 
p.p. USHERED (ush'erd).] 1. Attend on as an 
usher; Introduce. 2. Serve as a harbinger of. 

USUAL (u'zho-al), o. Occurring in ordinary use; 
common. [L. usualis. See USE.] 

USUALLY (u'zho-al-i), adv. According to the 
usual or common course; commonly. 

USUFRUCT (u'zu-frukt), n. Law. Use and 
profit, but not the ownership, of a thing. [L. 
usufructus — usus, use, and fructus, fruit.] 

USURER (u'zho-rer), «. One who lends money 
at exorbitant interest. 

USURIOUS (u-zho'ri-us), a. Involving usury; 
of the nature of or acquired by usury. 

USURP (u-zurp), vt. [pr.p. USURPING; p.t. and 
p.p. USURPED (u-ziirpt').] Take possession of, 
by force or without right. [L. usurpo.] 

SYN. Appropriate; arrogate; claim; as- 
sume; affect; presume; pretend. ANT, Re- 
ceive; inherit; accept. 

USURPATION (u-zur-pa'shun), n. Act of usurp- 
ing. 

USURPER (u-zurp'er), n. One who usurps. 

USURY (u'zho-ri), n. [pi. USURIES (u'zho-riz).] 
1. The taking of more than legal Interest on a 
loan. 2. Excessive or exorbitant interest or 
premium for the loan of money. 3. Practice 
of taking exorbitant or excessive interest on 
loans. [L. usura — usus, use.] 

UT (ot), n. First syllable in the musical scale. 
It has been generally superseded, except In 
France, by do. 

UTAH (u'ta),n. One of the United States. Capi- 
tal, Salt Lake City. Area S4,928 sq. m. 

-UTE, suffix. Used to form (1) adjectives, as 
dissolute, minute; (2) verbs, as institute, perse- 
cute; -and (3) allied nouns, as mxnute, institute. 
[L. -utus, p.p. suffix.] 

UTENSIL (u-ten'sil), n a Instrument or vessel 
used In common life. [Fr. utensile — L. uten- 
silis, fit for use.] 

UTERINE (u'ter-in), a. Pertaining to the womb. 
■ — Uterine brother or sister, one born of the 
same mother. 

UTERUS (u'te-rus), n. [pi. UTERI (u'te-ri).] The 
womb. [L.] 

UTILITARIAN (u-tll-t-ta'ri-an), I. a. Consist- 
ing in or pertaining to utility, or to utilitarian- 
ism. II. n. One who advocates utilitarianism. 

UTILITARIANISM (u-til-i-ta'ri-an-izm), n. 1. 
Doctrine that the standard of morality Is 
general utility, the happiness of mankind. 2. 
Doctrine that the greatest happiness of the 
greatest number should be the only guide for 
all civic and political action. 



UTILITY (u-til'1-ti), n. [pi. UTILITIES (u-til'l- 
tlz).] 1. Quality or state of being useful; use- 
fulness; serviceableness. 3. That which Is 
useful or serviceable. 3. Utilitarianism. — 
Utility man, actor to whom the smallest speak- 
ing parts are assigned. [Fr. utilite — L. utilitas 
— utilis, useful.] 

SYN. Advantageousness; avail; benefit; 
fitness; expediency; profit. ANT. Futility; 
inexpediency; uselessness. 

UTILIZATION (u-til-I-za'shun), ». Act of 
utilizing or state of being utilized. 

UTDLIZE (u'til-Iz), vt. [pr.p. UTILIZING; p.t. 
and p.p. UTILIZED (util-izd).] Turn to some 
useful account; save from waste or loss by 
making use of. [L. utilis, useful — utor, use.] 

UTMOST (ut'most), I. a. 1. Outmost; furthest 
out; most distant; last. 2. Greatest; highest. 
II. n. 1. The greatest that can be. 2. Ex- 
treme limit. [A. S. ulemcst.] 

UTOPIAN (u-to'pl-an), a. Imaginary; fanciful; 
chimerical. [From Utopia (= no where — Gr. 
ou, not, and topos, place), an imaginary island 
represented by Sir T. More as enjoying perfec- 
tion in politics, laws, etc.] 

UTRECHT (u'trekt; Dut. o'trekht), n. City In 
Netherlands, seat of university. 

UTRICLE (u'tri-kl), n. 1. Animal or vegetable 
cell. 2. Small cavity in the labyrinth of the 
internal ear. 

UTRICULUS (u-trik'u-lus), n. Small pear- 
shaped sac. [L., dim. of uter, leather-bag,] 

UTTER (ut'er), a. Furthest out; extreme; total; 
perfect; absolute. [A. S. utera, comp. of ut, out.] 

UTTER (ut'er), vt. [pr.p. UT'TERING; p.t. and 
p.p. UTTERED (ut'erd).] 1. Put into or offer 
for circulation, as money. 2. Give expression 
to; disclose. 3. Give out with audible sound; 
as, to utter a sigh or oath." [A. S. utian, put out.] 

UTTERABLE (ut'er-a-bl), o. Capable of being 
uttered. 

UTTERANCE (ut'er-ans), n. 1. Act of uttering. 
2. Vocal expression. 3. Power of speaking; 
speech. 4. That which is uttered or spoken. 

UTTERER (ut'er-er), n. One who utters. 

UTTERLY (ut'er-li)., adv. To the utmost extent. 

UTTERMOST (uter-most), I. a. Furthest out; 
utmost. II. n. Greatest degree. 

UVULA (u'vu-la), n. Fleshy conical body sus- 
pended from the palate over the back part of 
the tongue. [L. uva, bunch of grapes.] 

UVULAR (u'vu-lar), a. Of or pertaining to the 
uvula. 

UXORICIDE (uks-ar'1-sid), n D 1. Wife-murder. 
2. Wife-murderer. [L. uxor, wife, and cwdo, 
kill.] 

UXORIOUS (uks-6'ri-us), a. Excessively fond 
of or too submissive to a wife. [L. uxorius — 
uxor, wife.] 

UXORIOUSLY (uks-d'ri-us-li), adv. In an 
uxorious manner. 

UXORIOUSNESS (uks-6'ri-us-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being uxorious. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=efc in Scotch loch. 



1175 



VAIL 




V(ve,)w. [pi. V'S (vez).] Twen- 
ty-second letter and fifteenth 
consonant of the English al- 
phabet. It has but one sound, 
produced by the junction of the 
lower lip and the upper teeth, 
as in vine, dove, over, 
VA (va). In music, a direction 
signifying "go on" as, va cres- 
cendo, go on increasing in power or loudness. 
[It. va, 2nd pers. sing. imp. of andare> go.] 

VaAL (val), n. River, S. Africa, between Trans- 
vaal and Orange River Colonies. 

VAALITE (val'it), n. Min. A hydrated sil- 
icate of magnesia, alumina, and sesquioxlde 
of iron, occurring in the "blue ground" of the 
diamond mines of South Africa. [Vaal, river 
of South Africa.] 

VACANCY (va'kan-si), n. [pi. VACANCIES 
(va'kan-slz).] l. Emptiness, 2. That which 
is vacant or unoccupied, as a void or gap be- 
tween bodies; situation unoccupied. 

VACANT (va'kant), a. 1. Empty; not occupied 
by an incumbent or possessor. 2. Not occupied 
with study, business, etc. 3. Thoughtless. 
[Fr. — L. vacans, pr.p. of vaco, be empty.] 

SYN. Blank; unemployed; unfilled; vacu- 
ous; waste; void; inane. ANT. Occupied; 
full; filled; engaged; thoughtful. 

VACANTLY (va'kant-li), adv. In a vacant or 
thoughtless manner. 

VACANTNESS (va'kant-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being vacant. 

VACATE (va'kat), vt. [pr.p. VA'CATING; p.t. 
and p.p. VA'CATED.] 1. Leave empty; quit 
possession of. 2. Make void; annul. [L. vaco, 
-atum, be empty.] 

VACATION (va-kashun), n. 1. Vacating; ma- 
king void or invalid. 2. Freedom from duty, 
etc.; recess; break in the sittings of law-courts; 
school and college holidays. 

VACCINATE (vak'si-nat), vt. [pr.p. VACCINA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. VACCINATED.] Inoculate 
with the cowpox as a preventive against 
smallpox. [VACCINE and -ATE.] 

VACCINATION (vak-si-na'shun), n. Med. Act 
or practice of vaccinating. 

VACCINE (vak'sin), I. a. Pertaining to, or de- 
rived* from, cows. II. n. Virus of cowpox. 
[L. vaccinus — vacca, cow.] 

VACCINIA (vak-sini-a),n. 1. Cowpox. 2. Dis- 
ease resulting from vaccination, intended to 
avert the smallpox. [See VACCINE.] 

VACILLATE (vas'i-lat), vi. [pr.p. VACILLA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. VACILLATED.] 1. Sway to 
and fro. 2. Waver; be unsteady. [L. vacillo, 
-atum.] 

VACILLATION (vas-i-la'shun), n. Act or state 
of vacillating. 

VACUITY (va-ku'i-tl), n. [pi. VACUITIES (va- 
ku i-tiz).] 1. Emptiness. 2. Space unoccupied. 
3. Llstlessness. 4. Idleness. [L. vacuitas- — 
vacuus, empty.] 



VACUOLE (vak'u-61), n. Biol. Minute cavity 
in a protoplasm containing a fluid. [Dim. of 
L. vacuum, emptiness.] 

VACUOUS (vak'u-us), a. 1. Empty. 2. Lacking 
intelligence or expression. 

VACUOUSNESS (vak'u-us-nes), n. Vacuity. 



VACUA.] 




Vacuum (X-ray) 
tube. 

Wandering; 
One who wan- 



VACUUM (vak'u-um), n. [pi. 
Empty space; space empty or 
devoid of all matter. 2. Closed 
vessel exhausted of air to a high 
degree. — Vacuum tube, her- 
metically sealed glass tube orj 
bulb, exhausted of air, gas, 
etc., and used in X-ray ap- 
paratus. [L.] 

VADE-MECUM (va'de-me'kum), 
n. Pocket companion; manual. 
[L., go with me.] 

VADOSE (va'dos), a. Shallow; 
applied specifically to springs 
which are due to infiltration 
from surface water. [L. vado- 
sus — vadum, ford.] 

VAGABOND (vag'a-bond), I. a. 
having no settled home. II. n. 
ders without any settled habitation; tramp. 
[L. vagabundus — vagor, wander — vagus, wan- 
dering.] 

VAGABOND (vag'a-bond), vi. [pr.p. VAGA- 
BONDING; p.t. and p.p. VAGABONDED.] 
Wander about in an idle manner. 

VAGABONDAGE (vag'a-bond -a j), n. Condi- 
tion or habits of a vagabond. 

VAGARIOUS (va-ga'ri-us), a. Having vagaries; 
whimsical. 

VAGARY (va-ga'ri), n. [pi. VAGARIES (va- 
ga'riz).] Wandering of the thoughts; freak; 
whim. 

VAGINA (va-ji'na), n. [pi. VAGINA (va-ji'ne).] 
1. Sheath. 2. Passage from the uterus to the 
external orifice. [L.] 

VAGINAL (vaj'i-nal or va-ji'nal), a. 1. Like a 
sheath. 2. Pertaining to the vagina. 

VAGRANCY (va'gran-st), n. 1. State of being a 
vagrant. 2. Life and habits of a vagrant. 

VAGRANT (vagrant), I. a. 1. Wandering with- 
out any settled dwelling. 2. Erratic. II. n. 
One who has no settled home; vagabond; 
beggar. [L. vagans, wandering, with r in- 
truded.] 

VAGUE (vag), a. Unsettled; Indefinite; un- 
certain. [Fr. — L. vagus, wandering.] 

SYN. Ambiguous; ill-defined; hazy; lax; 
loose. ANT. Clear; plain; unequivocal. 

VAGUS (va'gus), n. [pi. VAGI (va'ji or va'gi).] 
Extensively distributed cranial nerve, which, 
proceeding from the neck to the upper part 
of the abdomen 9 supplies branches to the 
pharynx, stomach, liver, spleen, and respir- 
atory passages; called also pneumogastric. 
[L„ wandering.] 

VAIL (val), n. Money given to servants; tip; 
gratuity; usually in the plural. [From AVAIL.] 



€ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



VAIN 



1176 



VAMOSE 



VAIN (van), a. 1. Unsatisfying; fruitless. 2. 
Conceited. 3. Showy. 4. Empty; worthless. 
— In vain, ineffectually; to no purpose. [Fr. — 
L. vanus, empty.] 

VAINGLORIOUS (van-gl6'ri-us), a. Boastful; 
conceited. 

VAINGLORIOUSLY (van-glo'ri-us-11), adv. In 
a vainglorious manner. 

VAINGLORY (van-glo'ri), n. Empty glory in 
one's own performances. 

VAINLY (van'll), adv. 1. In a vain manner; to 
no purpose; in vain. 2. In an arrogant or con- 
ceited manner. 

VALANCE (val'ans), n. Hanging drapery for a 
bed, hammock, etc. [Fr. avalant, slipping 
down.] 

VALE (val), n. Low ground, between hills; 
valley. [Fr. val — L. vallis, vale.] 

VALEDICTION (val-e-dik'shun), n. Farewell. 
[L. vale, farewell, and dico, say.] 

VALEDICTORY (val-e-dik'to-ri), I. a. Saying 
farewell. II. n. [pi. VALEDICTORIES.] Fare- 
well oration spoken at graduation. 

VALENCE (va'lens), n. Combining value of a 
chemical atom, as regards Its power of dis- 
placing other atoms in chemical compounds. 
[L. valens, pr.p. of valeo, be strong.] 

VALENCIA (va-len'shi-a), n. 1. Seaport in 
Spain, on the Mediterranean. 2. Capital of 
Carabobo state, Venezuela. 

VALENCY (va'len-sl), n. [pi. VALENCIES (va'- 
len-slz).] 1. Same as VALENCE. 2. Unit of 
combining capacity. 

VALENTINE (val' en-tin), w. 1. Lover or sweet- 
heart chosen on St. Valentine's day, Feb. 14th. 
2. Token of affection, or a caricature, sent on 
that day. 

VALERIAN (va-le'ri-an), n. Plant of several 
species, the aromatic root of which is used in 
medicine. 

VALET (val'et or val'a), n. Man-servant, espe- 
cially one who attends on a gentleman's per- 
son. [O. Fr. valet (later also varlet).] 

VALETUDINARIAN (val-e-tu-dl-na'ri-an) .VAL- 
ETUDINARY (val-e-tu'di-na-ri), I. a. Sickly; 
weak. II. n. Person of weak health; invalid; 
one seeking to recover his health. [L. vale- 
tudo, state of health.] 

VALETUDINARIANISM (val-e-tu-di-na'ri-an- 
izm), n. Weak or sickly state of health. 

VALHALLA (val-hal'a), n. Norse Myth. The 
Scandinavian temple of immortality, in- 
habited by the souls of heroes slain in battle. 

VALIANT (val'yant), a. 1. Strong. 2. Brave; 
intrepid in danger. 3. Done with valor; 
heroic. [Fr. vaillant — L. valens, valentis, pr. 
p. of valeo, be strong.] 

VALIANTLY (val'yant-li), adv. In a valiant 
manner; bravely; courageously. 

VALIANTNESS (val'yant-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being valiant; valor; bravery; courage. 

VALID (val'id), a. 1. Having sufficient strength 
or force; true; sound. 2. Executed with the 



proper formalities; not to be rightfully over- 
thrown or set aside. [L. validus — valeo, be 
strong.] 

VALIDATE (val'id-at), vt. [pr.p. VALIDATING; 
p.t. and p.p. VALIDATED.] 1. Make or de- 
clare valid; confirm. 2. Test the validity of; 
as, to validate votes. [L. validus, strong.] 

VALIDITY (va-lid'i-ti), n. State or quality of 
being valid. 

VALIDLY (val'ld-li), adv. In a valid manner; 
so as to be valid. 

VALIDNESS (valid-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being valid; validity. 

VALISE (va-les'), n. Traveler's receptacle for 
clothes and toilet articles; portmanteau; 
traveling-bag; carpetbag. [Fr.] 

Valkyr (vaikir), Valkyrie (vai-kir'i), n. 

[pi. VALKYRIES (val-kir'i-ez).] Norse Myth. 

One of Odin's handmaidens; they rode through 

the air, and with their spears designated the 

heroes to be slain in battle. 
VALLADOLID (val-ya-do-led'), n. Fortified 

city, Spain, on the Pisuerga River. 
VALLEY (val'i), n. Low land between hills or 

mountains. [Fr. vallee. See VALE.] 
VALOR (val'ur), n. That which enables one 

to encounter danger fearlessly. [O. Fr. — L. 

valeo, be strong.] 
VALOROUS (val'ur-us), a. Brave; courageous; 

valiant; intrepid. 
VALOROUSLY (val'ur-us-li), adv. In a valorous 

manner. 

Valparaiso (vai-pa-ri'so),». seaport, Chile. 

VALUABLE (val'u -a-bl), a. 1. Having worth; 
costly. 2. Deserving esteem. 

VALUABLENESS (val'u-a-bl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being valuable. 

VALUATION (val-u-a'shun), n. 1. Act of valu- 
ing; appraisement. 2. Value set upon a thing; 
estimated worth. 

VALUATOR (val'u-a-tur), n. Appraiser. 

VALUE (val'u), n. 1. Amount of usefulness; 
worth. 2. Market price; precise signification. 
3. Importance. [O. Fr. valoir, be worth — L. 
valeo, be strong.] 

VALUE (val'u), vt. [pr.p. VAL'UING; p.t. and 
p.p. VALUED (val'ud).] 1. Estimate the 
worth of; rate at a price. 2. Esteem; prize. 
SYN. Compute; appraise; appreciate; 
treasure. ANT. Underrate; disregard; de- 
spise. 

VALVE (valv), n. 1. One of the leaves of a 
folding-door. 2. Cover to an aperture regula- 
ting the flow of a liquid or gas through it. 3. 
One of the pieces or divisions which form a 
shell. [Fr. — L. valval, folding-door.] 

VALVED (valvd), a. Having or composed of 
valves. 

VALVULAR (valv'u-lar), a. Of, pertaining to, 
or of the nature of, a valve. 

VAMOOSE (va-mos'), vt. and vi. Same as 
VAMOSE. 

VAMOSE (va-mos), v. [pr.p. VAMO'SING; p.t. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n<5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



VAMP 



1177 



VAFCR 




'SouthAmericanblood- 
sucking vampire. 



and p.p. VAMOSED (va-most').] I. vt. De- 
camp from. II. vi. Depart quickly. [Western 
slang — Sp. vamos, let us go.] 

VAMP (vamp), n. Upper leather of a boot or 
shoe. [Corrup. of Fr. avant-pied 9 fore part of 
the foot.] 

VAMP (vamp), vt. [pr.p. VAMPING; p.t. and 
p.p. VAMPED (vampt).] 1. Repair with a new 
vamp. 2. Patch, as old with new. 3. Give a 
new face to (with up). 

VAMPER (vamp'er), n. One who vamps. 

VAMPIRE (vam'plr), n. 1. In the superstition 
of Eastern Europe, a ghost 
which sucks the blood of 
its sleeping victim. 2. One 
who lives upon others; 
blood-sucker. 3. Large 
blood-sucking bat in 
America. [Fr.— Serv. warn- 
per.] 

VAMPIRIC (vam-pir'ik), a. 
Relating to or like a vam- 
pire. 

VAMPIRISM (vam'pir-izm), n. 1. Superstitious 
belief in vampiric ghosts. 2. Act or practice 
of a vampire. 3. Practice of extortion or 
preying on others. 

VAN (van), n. Front of an army or of a fleet. 
[Fr. avant — L. ah, from, by, and ante, before.] 

VAN (van), n. Fan for grain, etc. [Fr. — L. 
vannus. See FAN.] 

VAN (van), n. 1. Large covered wagon for 
goods, etc. 2. In England, the rear car of a 
freight train,, reserved for the use of trainmen. 
[Short form of CARAVAN.] 

VaNA (va'na), n.pl. Norse Myth. Gods origi- 
nally at war with the Asas, but subsequently 
received by them into Asgard. 

VANADIC (va-nad'ik), a. Contained in or de- 
rived from vanadium. 

VANADIUM (va-na'di-um), n. Silver-white, 
rare metallic element, the salts of which fur- 
nish deep black colors. [Latinized from Vana- 
dis, a name of the Scandinavian goddess 
Freya, from the fact of its discovery in Swedish 
iron.] 

Vancouver (van-ko'ver) Island. Pacific 

Ocean, belongs to British Columbia. 

VANDAL (vandal), I. n. 1. One of a fierce 
Teutonic race said to have sacked Rome in 
455. 2. [v-] Any one hostile to arts or litera- 
ture; barbarian; anyone who ruthlessly de- 
stroys or disfigures what is beautiful or artistic. 
II. a. Pertaining to or resembling the Vandals. 

VANDALIC (van-dal'ik), a. Hostile to the arts 
and sciences; rude; barbarous. 

VANDALISM (van'dal-izm), n. 1. Hostility to 
arts or literature. 2. Spirit or act of willful 
destructiveness. 

VANE (van), n. 1. Strip of wood or metal at the 
top of a spire, etc., to show which way the wind 
blows; weathercock. 2. Thin web of a feather. 
3. Blade of a windmill. 4. Target on a sur- 




Vanilla branch 
and pod. 



veyor's leveling staff. [Older form fane — A.S. 
fana, cloth. Cf. Ger. fahne.] 

VANED (vand), a. Furnished with vanes; hav- 
ing vanes. 

VANG (vang), n. Naut. One of two guy-ropes 
running from the end of a gaff to the deck. 
[Dut. vangen, catch.] 

VANGEE (van'je), n. Device for operating the 
pumps of a ship, with a barrel and crank 
brakes. 

VANGUARD (van'gard), n. Part of an army 
preceding the main body. [O. Fr. avant-garde.] 

VANILLA (va-nil'a), w. Aromatic pod of fruit of 
a tropical orchid. [Sp. vai- 
nilla — I,, vagina, sheath.] 

VANISH (van'ish), vi. [pr.p. 
VANISHING; p.t. and p.p. 
VANISHED (van'isht).]. 
Pass away; disappear; be* 
annihilated or lost. [L. 
vanesco — vanus, empty.] 

VANISH (van'ish), n. Clo- 
sing sound of principal 
vowel sound, as u (o) in no, 
and short i in fate, repre- 
sented by writers on pho- 
netics by a small letter 
raised above the line, o u a 1 . 

VANITY (van i-ti), n. [pi. VANITIES (van'i-tiz).] 

1. Quality of being vain; unrealness; empty 
pride; idle show. 2. That which is vain; vain 
pursuit; empty pleasure; fruitless desire. [L. 
vanitas — vanus, empty.] 

SYN. Falsity; worthlessness; emptiness; 
levity; conceit; ostentation; egotism; pride; 
arrogance; presumption; insolence; self-con- 
fidence. ANT. Modesty; simplicity; unos- 
tentatiousness; substantiality; substance. 

VANMOST (van'most), a. Placed in the front 
of the van. 

VANNER (van'er), n. Machine for sifting fine 
ore in water. [From VAN, fan for grain.] 

VANQUISH (vang'kwish), vt. [pr.p. VAN- 
QUISHING; p.t. and p.p. VANQUISHED (vang'- 
kwisht).] 1. Overcome or subdue in battle. 

2. Get the better of; defeat in any contest. 
[Fr. vainquis, p.t. of vaincre — L. vinco, con- 
quer.] 

VANQUISHMENT (vang'kwish-ment), n. Act 
of vanquishing or state of being vanquished. 

VANTAGE (van'taj), n. 1. Superior position. 
2. Point in a score in lawn-tennis. — Vantage 
ground, favorable position. [See ADVANTAGE.] 

VAPID (vap'id), a. Having the spirit or flavor 
evaporated; insipid. [L. vapidus, insipid.] 

VAPIDITY (va-pid'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being vapid. 

VAPIDLY (vap'id-li), adv. In a vapid manner. 

VAPOR (va/pur), n. 1. Condition of a liquid or 
solid, when it becomes gas by heat, pressure, 
etc. 2. Water or other substance, visibly 
diffused in the atmosphere. 3. Anything vain 
or transitory. 4. [pi.] Melancholy. (Vapor is 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
vl=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



VAPOR 



1178 



VASCULAR 



said to be saturated, when it will pass partly 
into the liquid state on the least increase of 
pressure or the least decrease of temperature.) 
— Vapor motor, motor driven by an elastic 
fluid, as hot air, steam, vapor of alcohol, 
gasoline, etc. 

VAPOR (va/pur), vi. [pr.p. VA'PORING; p.t. and 
p.p. VAPORED (va'purd).] 1. Pass off in 
vapor; evaporate. 2. Boast; brag. 

VAPORER (va/pur-er), n. One who vapors; 
boaster. 

VAPORIZATION (va-pur-i-za/shun), n. Act or 
process of vaporizing. 

VAPORIZE (va'pur-iz), v. [pr.p. VALORIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. VAPORIZED (va'pur-izd).] I. vt. 
Convert into vapor. II. vi. Pass off in vapor. 

VAPOROUS (va'pur-us), a. 1. Full of or like 
vapor. 2. Vain; unreal. 

VAPORY (va'pur-i), a. 1. Full of vapor. 2. 
Affected with the vapors; peevish. 

VAQUERO (va-ka'ro), n. Herdsman. [Sp., 
from Li. vacca, cow.] 

VARA (va'ra), n. Spanish- American measure of 
length equaling a yard. 

VARENI (va-re'ni), n.pl. Pathol. Painful pe- 
riodical swellings in various parts; wandering 
gout. 

VARIABILITY (va-ri-a-bil'i-ti), n. 1. Quality 
or state of being variable; variableness. 2. 
Biol. State or condition of manifesting or 
being subject to variation; tendency to change 
in organic structure or functions in new sur- 
roundings. 

VARIABLE (v a/ ri-a-bl), I. a. Changeable; liable 
to change. II. n. Math. Quantity subject to 
continual increase or decrease; quantity which 
may have an infinite number of values in the 
same expression. [Fr. — L. variabilis — vario, 
vary.] 

VARIABLENESS (va'ri-a-bl-nes), n. Change- 
ableness, 

VARIABLY (va'ri-a-bli), adv. In a variable 
manner. 

VARIANCE (va'ri-ans), n. 1. State of being 
varied; change of condition. 2. Difference 
that arises from, or produces, dispute. 3. Law. 
Discrepancy- — At variance, in disagreement. 

VARIANT (va'ri-ant), I. a. Different; varying. 
II. n. The same thing in a different form; 
variety. 

VARIATION (va-ri-a'shun), n. 1. Change; de- 
viation. 2. Extent to which a thing varies. 
3. Gram. Change of termination. 4. Music. 
Repetition of the same air with various 
changes in time, rhythm, or key. [Fr. — L. 
variatio. See VARY.] 

VARIATOR (va'ri-a-tur), n. Joint used in elec- 
tric subways, which compensates for changes 
in temperature. 

VARICATED (var'i-ka-ted), a. Ridged by varices, 
as some shells. 

VARICES (var'i-sez),w. Plural of VARIX. 

VARICOSE (var'i-kos), a. Abnormally dilated 



or enlarged, as a vein. [L. varicosus — varix 
■ — varus, bent.] 

VARIED (va'rid), a. 1. Consisting of diverse 
varieties. 2. Differing from one another. 3. 
Variegated in color; having various colors. 

VARIEGATE (va'ri-e-gat), vt. [pr.p. VA'RIE- 
GATING; p.t. and p.p. VARIEGATED.] Mark 
with different colors. [L. varius, various, 
and ago, make.] 

VARIEGATION (va-ri-e-ga'shun), n. Act of 
variegating or state of being variegated. 

VARIETY (va-ri'et-i), n. [pi. VARIETIES.] 1. 
Quality of being various. 2. Varied collection. 
3. One of a number of things nearly allied to 
each other; sub-species. [L. varietas.] 

VARIOLA (va-ri'o-la), n. Smallpox. [L.L. — 
L. varius, spotted.] 

VARIOLOID (va'ri-o-loid), I. a. Resembling 
smallpox. II. n. Mild form of smallpox. 
[VARIOLA and -OID.] 

VARIORUM (va-ri-6'rum), a. Term applied to 
an edition of some work in which the notes of 
various commentators are inserted. [From 
the Latin "editio cum notis variorum."] 

VARIOUS (va'ri-us), a. 1. Varied; different; 
several. 2. Changeable; uncertain. 3. Varie- 
gated. [L. varius*] 

VARISCITE (var'i-sit), n. Mineral of an apple- 
green color, a hydrated phosphate of alumina. 
[Variscia, Germany.] 

VARIX (va'riks).n. [pi. VARICES (var'i-sez).] 1. 
Permanently dilated vein. 2. Ridge across the 
whorls of a univalve shell, indicating a former 
position of the aperture. [L.] 

VARLET (var'let), n. Low fellow; scoundrel. 
[See VALET.] 

VARNISH (var'nish), n. 1. Resinous solution 
which dries forming a hard, lustrous coating; 
used on pictures, furniture, vehicles, etc. 2. 
Glossy appearance; palliation. [Fr. vernis, 
polished, glazed.] 

VARNISH (var'nish), vt. [pr.p. VARNISHING; 
p.t. and p.p. VARNISHED (var'nisht).] 1. 
Cover with varnish. 2. Gloss over. 

VARUNA (va'ro'na), n. The Hindu Neptune; 
represented as a white man riding on a sea- 
horse, carrying a club in one hand and a rope 
in the other; ruler of the night. 

VARY (va'ri), v. [pr.p. VARYING; p.t. and p.p. 
VARIED (va'rid).] I. vt. 1. Make different. 2. 
Make of different kinds. 3. Music. Embellish, 
as a melody or theme; make or execute varia- 
tions on. II. vi. 1. Change in succession; al- 
ternate. 2. Deviate. 3. Disagree. 4. Math. 
Increase or decrease continually and accord- 
ing to some law. Two quantities vary directly, 
when both increase or decrease; they vary in- 
versely, when one increases and the other de- 
creases. [Fr. varier — L. vario — varius, various.] 

VASCULAR (vas'ku-lar), a. 1. Of or relating to 
the vessels of animal and vegetable bodies. 2. 
Well provided with small blood-vessels. [Fr» 
vasculaire — L. vasculum, dim. of vas-, vessel.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
n—u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch lock. 



VASCULARITY 



1179 



VEGETABLE 




Bolivian Vase. 



VASCULARITY (vas-ku-lar'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being vascular. 

VASCULUM (vas'ku-lum), n. Botanist's tin 
collecting case. [L., dim. of vas, vessel.] 

VASE (vas or vaz), n. Ornamental hollow vessel. 
[Fr. — L. vas, vessel, vase,] 

VASELENE (vas'e-len), n. 
Gelatinous product of petro- 
leum; vaseline. 

VASELINE (vas'e-lin or vas'- 
e-len), n. Viscous sub- 
stance, obtained from petro- 
leum; also called petrolatum 
and petroleum jelly, [Ger. 
wasser, water, and Gr. ela~ 
ion, oil.] 

VASO-, prefix. Of, belonging 
to, or connected with, a 
blood or other vessel. 

VASOMOTOR (vas-o-mo'tur), a. Producing 
movement in the blood vessels; as, vaso- 
motor nerves, the nerves which govern the 
motions of the blood-vessels. [VASO- and 
MOTOR.] 

VASSAL (vas'al), n. One who holds lands from, 
and renders homage to, a superior. [L.L. 
vassalis — Wei. gwas, servant.] 

VASSALAGE (vas'al-aj), n. 1. State of being a 
vassal; dependence. 2. Lands held by feudal 
tenure. 3. All the vassals, taken as a class. 
4. Feudal system. 

VAST (vast), a. [comp VAST'ER; superl. VAST'- 
EST.] Of great extent or amount. [Fr. vaste — 
L. vastus, waste.] 

SYN. Mighty; boundless; immense; colos- 
sal; enormous; abundant; ample; capacious; 
gigantic; huge. ANT. Narrow; limited; 
bounded. 

VASTLY (vast'li), adv. In a vast degree; to a 
vast extent; very greatly. 

VASTNESS (vast'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being vast. 

VAT (vat), n. Large vessel or tank, especially 
one for holding liquors, as beer in brewing, 
lye, etc . [A. S. fait.] 

VATICAN (vat'i-kan), n. Vast assemblage of 
splendid buildings on the Vatican hill, in 
Rome, including the Pope's palace. 

VATICIDE (vat'1-sid), n. 1. The killing of a 
prophet. 2. Slayer of a prophet. [L. vates, 
prophet, and ceedo, kill.] 

VATICINATE (va-tis'i-nat), vi. [pr.p. VATIC- 
INATING; p.t. and p.p. VATICINATED.] 
Foretell; prophesy. [L. vates 9 prophet, and 
cano, sing.] 

VAUDEVILLE (vod'vil), n. 1. Lively, satirical 
song. 2. Dramatic entertainment inter- 
spersed with such; variety performance, in- 
cluding dances, dramatic sketches, acrobatic 
feats, etc. [Originally vaudevire — vol de Vire, 
Vire valley, in Normandy, where in the fif- 
teenth century certain convivial songs were 
popular under that name.] 




Vault. 



VAULT (valt), n. 1. Arched ceiling. 2. Cham- 
ber with an arched 
roof, especially one un- 
derground, used for 
burial of the dead, stor- 
age of treasure, etc.; 
cellar. 3. Anything 
vault-like, as the can- 
opy of heaven. 4. 
Bound of a horse; cur- 
vet. 5. Springing leap 
with a pole. [O. Fr. 
volte — L. volutum, p.p. of volvo, roll, turn.] 

VAULT (valt), v. [pr.p. VAULTING; p.U and 
p.p. VATJLT'ED.] I. vt. 1. Shape as a vault; 
roof with an arch. 2. Leap or spring over, 
by means of a pole or by resting the hands 
on the object to be vaulted. II vi. 1. Make 
a springing leap, especially with the aid of a 
pole or something to rest the hands on. 2. 
Exhibit feats of leaping or tumbling. 

VAULTED (valt'ed), a. Arched like, or covered 
with, a vault or arched roof. 

VAUNT (vant or vant), v. [pr.p. VAUNTING; 
p.t. and p.p. VAUNTED.] I. vt. Boast or brag 
of. II. vi. Boast; brag. [Fr. vanter — L.L. 
vanito — L. vanus, vain.] 

VAUNT (vant or vant), n. Vain display; boast. 

VAZA (va'za), n. A parrot of Madagascar. 

VEAL (vel), n. Flesh of a calf. — Bob veal, flesh 
of a newly born calf, unfit for food. [O. Fr. 
vedel, veel — L. vitellus, dim. of vitulus, calf. 
Cf . VELLUM.] 

VEALINESS (vel'i-nes), n. Quality or condition 
of being vealy; immaturity. (Colloq.) 

VEALY (vel'i), a. 1. Resembling veal. 2. Im- 
mature. 

VECTOR (vek'tiir), n. Math. Any directive 
quantity, as a straight line in space, deter- 
mined by two numbers giving its direction and 
a third giving its magnitude. — Radius vector, 
varying length of the line connecting a mov- 
ing point (as a planet), to a fixed origin or 
center (as the sun). [L., carrier.] 

VeDA (ve'da or va'da), n. Name given to the 
four oldest sacred books of the Hindus, con- 
stituting the sacred literature of-Brahminism 
and the basis of the Brahminic faith. [Sans. 
veda, knowledge — vid, know.] 

VEDETTE (ve-det')> n. Mounted sentry at the 
outposts of an army. [Fr. — L. video, see.] 

VEDIC (ve'dik), I. a. Pertaining to the Vedas. 
II. n. Dialect of the Vedas, an early form of 
Sanskrit. 

VEER (ver), v. [pr.p. VEER'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VEERED (verd).] I. vt. 1. Direct into a different 
course. 2. Let run out, as a cable. II. vi. 
Change direction; shift; change. [Fr. virer — 
L.L. viro, turn.] 

VEGA (va'ga), n. 1. Tract of level and fruitful 
country; open plain. 2. Cuban tobacco farm. 
[Sp.] 

VEGETABLE (vej'e-ta-bl), I. n. 1. Plant. 2, 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in ' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



VEGETAL 



1180 



VEND 



Plant for the table. II. a. Belonging to, con- 
sisting of, or like, plants. — Vegetable ivory, the 
product of a species of palm, resembling ivory. 
— Vegetable oyster, salsify; oyster-plant. — 
Saltwater vegetables, oysters and clams. [L.L. 
vegetabilis. See VEGETATE.] 

VEGETAL, (vej'e-tal), a. 1. Of the nature of a 
vegetable. 2. Pertaining to the vital functions 
of plants and animals, as growth, reproduc- 
tion, etc. 

VEGETARIAN (vej-e-ta'ri-an), I. n. One who 
believes that vegetables are the only proper 
food for man. II. a. Pertaining to vegetarian- 
ism. 

VEGETARIANISM (vej-e-tari-an-izm), n. Prac- 
tice of living solely on the products of the 
vegetable kingdom — herbs, fruits, nuts, and 
vegetables. 

VEGETATE (vej'e-tat), vi. [pr.p. VEG'ETATrNG; 
p.t . and p.p. VEG'ETATED.] 1. Grow by roots 
and leaves. 2. Sprout; grow profusely. 3. 
Lead an idle, unthinking life. [L. vegetatus, 
p.p. of vegeto, quicken.] 

VEGETATION (vej-e-ta'shun), n. 1. Process of 
growing as a plant. 2. Vegetable growth. 3. 
Plants in general. 

VEGETATIVE (vej'e-ta-tiv), a. 1. Growing, as 
plants. 2. Producing growth in plants. 

VEHEMENCE (ve'he-mens), n. Quality of being 
vehement; violence. 

VEHE3LENT (ve'he-ment), a. 1. Passionate; 
furious; eager. 2. Violent. [L. vehemens, 
probably — veho, carry, and mens, mind.] 

VEHEMENTLY (ve'he-ment-li), adv. In a ve- 
hement manner. 

VEHICLE (ve'hi-kl), n. 1. Any kind of carriage 
or conveyance. 2. Med. Substance in which 
a medicine is taken. [L. vehiculum — veho, 
carry.] 

VEHICULAR (ve-hik'u-lar), a. Pertaining to, or 
serving as, a vehicle. 

VEIL (val), n. 1. Anything that hides an object; 
curtain. 2. Piece of gauze or thin cloth worn 
by ladies to shade or hide the face. — Take the 
veil, become a nun. [O. Fr. veile — L. velum, 
sail.] 

VEIL (val), vt. [pr.p. VEILING; p.t. and p.p. 
VEILED (vald).] 1. Cover with a veil. 2. Con- 
ceal; hide. 

VEIN Ivan), n. 1. One of the vessels or tubes 
which convey the blood back to the heart. 
2. One of the small branching ribs in a leaf or 
an insect's wing. 3. Seam of a different min- 
eral through a rock. 4. Fissure or cavity. 5. 
Streak in wood or stone. 6. Train of thought; 
turn of mind. [Fr. veine — L. vena.] 

VEIN (van), vt. [pr.p. VEIN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VEINED (vand).] Form veins or the appear- 
ance of veins in. 

VEINED (vand), a. Having veins. 

VEINING (van'ing), n. 1. Network of veins. 
2. Veined surface. 3. Stripe in cloth where 
there is no warp. 



VELAMEN (ve-la'men), VELAMENTTJM (vel- 

a-men'tum), n. Anat. Enveloping membrane; 

skin. [L.] 
VELIC (ve'lik), a. Pertaining to a ship's sail. — 

Velic point, the center of effort of a ship's sails. 

PL. velum, sail.] 
VELLUM (vel'um), n. 1. Fine parchment, pre- 
pared formerly mostly from the skin of calves. 

2. Manuscript written on fine parchment. 

[Fr. velin — L. L. vitulina — L. vitulus, calf.] 
VELOCIPEDE (ve-los'i-ped), n. 1. Light ve- 
hicle, with two or three wheels, for one person, 

originally moved by striking the toes on the 

road. 2. Child's tricycle. [Fr. — L. velox, swift, 

and pes, foot.] 
VELOCITY (ve-los'i-ti), n. [pi. VELOCITIES 

(ve-los'i-tiz).] 1. Speed. 2. Rate of motion. 

[L. velocitas.] 
VELOURS (ve-lor), VELURE (vel'ur), n. 

Fabric resembling velvet. [Fr.] 
VELUTINOUS (ve-lu'ti-nus), a. Velvety. [See 

VELVET.] 
VELVET (velvet), I. n. 1. Cloth made from 

silk, with a close, short pile. 2. Similar cloth 

made of cotton. II. a. 1. Made of velvet. 2. 

Soft like velvet. [Fr. velu, shaggy — L.L. 

villutus — L. villus, shaggy hair.] 
VELVET-BEAN (vel'vet-ben), n. Kind of cow- 

hage, or its seed, cultivated for forage in the 

southern United States. 
VELVETEEN (vel-vet-en'), n. Imitation of 

velvet; cotton velvet. 
VELVETING (vel'vet-ing), n. 1. [pi.] Velvet 

cloth. 2. The pile of velvet. 
VELVET-LEAF (vel'vet-lef), n. Plant having 

soft velvety leaves, 

as the Indian mal- 
low (Cissampelos 

pareira). 
VELVET Y (vel' vet-i) , 

a. Like velvet. 
VENAL (ve'nal), a. 

That may be sold 

or got for a price; 

purchasable; mer- 
cenary. [Fr. — L. 

venalis — venus, 

sale.] 
VENALITY (ve-nal'- 

i-ti), n. State or 

quality of being 

venal. 
VENALLY (ve'nal-i), 
a venal 
mercen- 



adv. In 
manner; 
arily. 
VENATION 

shun), n. 




Velvet-leaf. 



(ve-na'- 
Way in 
which the veins in leaves of plants, or wings 
of insects, are arranged. [L. vena, vein.] 
VEND (vend), vt. [pr.p. VEND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VENDED.] Sell or offer for sale. [Fr. vendre 
— L. vendo — venum, sale, and do, give.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; mS, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kb=cA in Scotcb loch. 






VENDEE 



1181 



VENOSE 



VENDEE (ven-de'), n. Person to whom any- 
thing is sold; correlative of VENDOR. 

VENDER (vend'er), n. One who vends or sells; 
vendor. 

VENDETTA (ven-det'a), n. Practice of taking 
private vengeance on one who slays a rela- 
tive, in Corsica regarded as a duty incum- 
bent on the family of the murdered man, and 
in case the slayer escapes, the vengeance is 
taken on his kindred; blood-feud. [It., 
feud.] 

VENDIBILITY (ven-di-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being vendible. 

VENDIBLE (vend'i-bl), a. Capable of being sold; 
marketable; salable. 

VEND1BLENESS (ven'di-bl-nes), n. Same as 
VENDIBILITY. 

VENDING (vend'ing), n. Act of selling. — Vend- 
ing machine, device in which a coin dropped 
into a slot controls a mechanism delivering 
a small article; slot-machine. 

VENDOR (ven'dur or ven-dar'), n. One who 
vends or sells, especially one who conveys real 
estate. 

VENDUE (ven-du')> n. Public sale at auction. 
[O. Fr. See VEND.] 

VENEER (ve-ner'), vt. [pr.p. VENEERING; p.t. 
andp.p. VENEERED (ve-nerd').] 1. Overlay or 
face with a thin layer of wood, or other ma- 
terial, for outer finish or decoration. 2. Dis- 
guise with superficial attractiveness. [Ger. 
furnircn — Fr. fournir, furnish.] 

VENEER (ve-ner') , n. 1. Thin leaf of a valuable 
material for overlaying an inferior. 2. Super- 
ficial ornament or show. 

VENEERING (ve-nering), n. 1. Act or process 
of laying on veneer. 2. Material for veneers. 

VENENATE (ven'e-nat), o. Poisoned. [L. vene- 
natus — venenum, poison.] 

VENENE (ve-nen'), n. Poisonous priciple of 
snake venom. [L. venenum, poison.] 

VENENOUS (ven'e-nus), a. Full of poison. 

VENERABLE (ven'er-a-bl), a. 1. Worthy of 
veneration. 2. Hallowed by religious or other 
association. 

VENERABLENESS (ven'er-a-bl-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being venerable. 

VENERABLY (ven'er-a-bli), adv. In a vener- 
able manner. 

VENERATE (ven'er-at), vt. [pr.p. VEN ERA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. VENERATED.] Regard 
with respect and awe. [L. veneror — root of 
Venus, love. Allied to WIN.] 

VENERATED (vener-a-ted), a. Treated with 
honor and respect. 

VENERATION (ven-er-a'shun), n. 1. Act of 
venerating. 2. State of being venerated. 3. 
Respect mingled with awe. 

SYN. Reverence; dread; adoration; wor- 
ship. ANT. Contempt; loathing; vilification. 

VENEREAL (ve-ne're-al), a. Pertaining to, or 
arising from sexual intercourse. [L. vener- 
eus, pertaining to Venus, goddess of love.] 




Marco Polo, Vene- 
tian traveler and 
author. Born 1254 
— died 1324. 



Native or 




VENESECTION (ve-ne-sek'shun), n. Cutting 
open of a vein for letting _ 
blood. [L. vena, vein, and 
sectio, a cutting.] 

VENETIAN (ve-ne' shan), I. a. 
Of or belonging to Venice, 
Italy. II. n. Native or in- 
habitant of Venice. — Vene- 
tian blind, blind for win- 
dows, formed of thin slats, 
turnable, so as to either 
admit or exclude the light. 

VENEUR (ve-nur), n. Master 
of the hounds. [Fr.] 

"Venezuela (ven-ez-we'ia), 

n. Republic, S. America. 
Area 593,943 sq. m. 

Venezuelan tven-ez-we'ian), n 

inhabitant of Venezuela. 

VENGEANCE (venj'ans), n. 
Infliction of harm upon 
another, in return for an 
injury or offense; retribu- 
tion. [Fr. venger — L. vin- 
dico, avenge.] 

VENGEFUL (venj'foD, a. Ea- 
ger for revenge. 

SYN. Retributive; re- 
vengeful ; vindictive. ANT. 
Forgiving ; magnanimous ; 
compassionate; merciful. 

VENGEFUI.lt (venrfol-D, SSnpatS SS 
adv. In a vengeful manner. 1783 — died 1830. 

VENIAL (ve'ni-al), a. 1. Par- 
donable; not heinous; as, a venial sin. 2. That 
may be overlooked or excused; as, a venial 
mistake. [L. venialis — venia, favor.] 

SYN. Excusable; slight; trivial; pardon- 
able. ANT. Heinous; mortal; unpardon- 
able. 

VENIALITY (ve-ni-al'i-ti), n 
being venial. 

VENIALLY (ve'ni-al-i), adv, 
ner or degree; excusably. 

VENIALNESS (ve'ni-al-nes) 
NIALITY. 

VENICE (ven'is), n. City, Italy, on the Adriatic. 

VENIRE FACIAS (ve-ni're fa'shi-as). Writ 
issued to sheriff or coroner for summoning a 
jury. [L., make come.] 

VENISON (ven'i-zn or ven'zn), n. Flesh of ani- 
mals taken in hunting, especially the deer. 
[Fr. venaison — L. venatio, chase.] 

VENOM (ven'um), n. 1. Poison, secreted by 
certain animals as a means of offense and de- 
fense. 2. Spite; malice. [Fr. venin (It. veneno) 
— L. venenum, poison.] 

VENOMOUS (ven'um-us), a. 1. Full of venom 
or poison. 2. Malicious. 

VENOMOUSLY (ven'um-us-li), adv. In a ven- 
omous manner. 

VENOSE (ve'nos), a. Having numerous veins; 
venous. 



Quality or state of 



In a venial man- 



n. Same as VE- 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=M in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=«?A in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



VENOSITY 



1182 



VERBATIM 



VENOSITT (ve-nos'i-ti), n. 1. Excess of veins 
or venous blood in a part. 2. Insufficient 
aeration of blood in the lungs, causing entrance 
of venous blood in the arteries. 

VENOUS (ve'nus), a. 1. Pertaining to, or con- 
tained in, veins. 2. Veined. [L. venosus — 
vena, vein.] 

VENT (vent), n. 1. Small opening to let air, 
etc., escape. 2. Any other small aperture, as 
the touch-hole of a gun. 3. Outlet; escape; 
expression; utterance. [Fr. fente, slit.] 

VENT (vent), v. [pr.p. VENTING; p.t. and p.p. 
VENT'ED.] I. vt. Let out at a vent; pour 
forth. II. vi. 1. Take breath. 2. Draw, as a 
chimney. 

VENTILATE (ven'ti-lat), vt. [pr.p. VENTILA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. VENTILATED.] 1. Open to 
the free passage of air. 2. Expose to examina- 
tion and discussion. [L. ventilo, -atum — ven- 
tulus, dim. of ventus, wind.] 

VENTILATION (ven-ti-la'shun), n. Act of ven- 
tilating or state of being ventilated. 

VENTILATIVE (ven'ti-la-tiv), a. Of, pertain- 
ing to, or producing, ventilation. 

VENTILATOR (venti-la-tur), n. Device for 
supplying fresh air. 

VENTOSE (ven'tos),a. Full of wind. [L. ventosus 
— ventus, wind.] 

VENTRAD (ven'trad), adv. Toward the abdo- 
men. [L. venter, abdomen, and ad, toward.] 

VENTRAL (ven'tral), a. Belonging to the ab- 
domen; abdominal. [L. ventralis — venter, ab- 
domen.] 

VENTRALLY (ven'tral-i), adv. In a ventral 
direction; abdominally. 

VENTRICLE (ven'tri-kl), n. Cavity within an 
organ, as in the heart or brain. [L. ventriculus, 
dim. of venter, abdomen.] 

VENTRICOSE (ven'tri-kos), a. Having a pro- 
truding abdomen. 

VENTRICULAR (ven-trik'u-lar), a. ' Pertaining 
to or resembling a ventricle. 

VENTRICULUS (ven-trik'u-lus), n. [pi. VEN- 
TRICULI (ven-trik'u-li).] 1. Ventricle. 2. 
True stomach, as of an insect or bird. [L.] 

VENTRILOQUISM (ven-tril'o-kwizm), n. Art 
of speaking so that the voice seems to come 
from a distance or from some other person. 
[L. venter, abdomen, and loquor, speak.] 

VENTRILOQUIST (ven-tril'o-kwist), n. Expert 
in ventriloquism. 

VENTRILOQUIZE (ven-tril'o-kwiz), vi. [pr.p. 
VENTRILOQUIZING; p.t. and p.p. VEN- 
TRILOQUIZED (ven-tril'o-kwizd).] Practice 
ventriloquism. 

VENTRILOQUY (ven-tril'o-kwi), n. Same as 
VENTRILOQUISM. 

VENTURE (ven'tur), n. 1. .Hazardous under- 
taking; risk. 2. Chance; luck. 3. That which 
is put to hazard (especially goods sent by sea 
at the sender's risk). [For ADVENTURE.] 

VENTURE (ven'tur), v. [pr.p. VENTURING; 
p.t. and p.p. VENTURED (ven'turd).] I. vt. 



1. Roman goddess of beauty 




Expose to chance or hazard; risk. II. vi. Run 
a risk. 

VENTURESOME (ven'tur-sum), a. 1. Inclined 
to venture. 2. Risky; hazardous. 

VENTURESOMENESS (ven'tur-sum-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being venturesome. 

VENTUROUS (ven'tur-us), a. Daring; fearless. 

VENUE (ven'u), n. In law, the place where 
something has happened or where an action is 
laid. — Change of venue, change of the place of 
trial to another county. [Fr.; literally, the place 
to which the jury are summoned to come — L. 
venio, come.] 

Venus (ve'nus), n. 

and love. 2. Most 
brilliant of the 
planets, second 
from the sun. — 
Venus' flytrap 
(Dionma musci- 
pula), herb, na- 
tive in North Telescopic view of Venus. 
and South Carolina, whose leaves close in- 
stantly upon insects lighting upon them. 

VERACIOUS (ve-ra'shus), a. Habitually dis- 
posed to speak the truth; truthful; true. [L. 
verax, veracis — verus, true.] 

VERACITY (ve-ras'i-ti), n. Habitual truthful- 
ness; truth. [L. veracitas — verax, veracious.] 

SY1S. Candor; honesty; frankness; in- 
genuity; sincerity; verity. ANT. Deceit; 
falsehood; deception. 

VERA CRUZ (ve'rii kros). Seaport, Mexico, 
on E. coast. 

VERANDA, VERANDAH (ve-ran'da), w. Bal- 
cony or open portico, with a roof; porch. [L. 
Pg. varanda, railing.] 

VERATRINE (ve-ra'trin), n. Vegetable alkaloid, 
obtained from the roots of the Veratrum. 

VeRATRUM (ve-ra'trum), n. Genus of very 
poisonous plants; white hellebore. [L. vera- 
trum, hellebore.] 

VERB (verb), n. Gram. Part of speech which 
affirms what a thing is or does or suffers. [L. 
verbum, word,] 

VERBAL (ver'bal), 1. a. 1. Relating to, or con- 
sisting in, words; spoken; oral. 2. Exact in 
words; attending to words only. 3. Word for 
word. 4. Derived from a verb. II. n. Noun 
derived from a verb. [L. L. verbalis.] 

VERBALISM (ver'bal-izm), n. 1. Something 
expressed in words or orally. 2. Meaningless 
or empty group of words. 

VERBALIST (ver'bal-ist), n. One who attends 
to words merely. 

VERBALIZE (ver'bal-Iz), v. [pr.p. VER'BALI- 
ZING; p.t. and p. p. VERBALIZED (ver'bal-izd).] 
I. vt. Turn into a verb. II. vi. Make many 
words. 

VERBALLY (ver'bal-i), adv. In a verbal man- 
ner; orally. 

VERBATIM (ver-ba'tim), adv. Word for word; 
in the identical words. [L. L.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn. 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



VERBENA 



1183 



VERMIFORM 




Verbena. 
Laconic; terse; con- 



VERBENA (\er-be'na), n. One of many plants 
of genus of same 
name cultivated for 
their fragrance or 
beauty; vervain. [L. 
verbena, twigs and 
leaves used in sacred 
rites.] 

VERBIAGE (ver'bi- 
aj), n. Abundance 
of words; wordiness; 
verbosity. 

VERBOSE (ver-bos'), 
a. Containing or em- 
ploying more words 
than necessary. [L. 
verbosus — verbum, 
word.] 

SYN. Wordy; 
prolix ; diff us e ; gar- 
rulous ; loqua- 
cious; talkative. ANT. 
cise. 

VERBOSENESS (ver-bos'nes), VERBOSITY 
(ver-bos'i-ti), n. Quality or state of being 
verbose. 

VERDANCY (ver'dan-si), n. Quality or state 
of being verdant. 

VERDANT (ver'dant), a. 1. Green with grass or 
foliage; fresh. 2. Inexperienced; ignorant; 
rustic. [Fr. verdoyant — L. viridens, green.] 

VERD-ANTIQUE (verd-an-tek'), n. 1. Orna- 
mental stone, mostly green. 2. Green coating 
on ancient bronzes, caused by the action of 
the air. [O. Fr.] 

VERDANTLY (ver'dant-li), adv. In a verdant 
manner. 

VERDICT (ver'dikt), n. 1. Finding of a jury. 
2. Decision; opinion pronounced. [L. vere, 
truly, and dictum, said.] 

VERDIGRIS (ver'di-gris), n. 1. Rust of copper, 
brass, or bronze. 2. Bluish-green paint ob- 
tained from copperplates by the action of 
dilute acetic acid. [O. Fr. verderis — L. L. 
viride ceris, the green of brass. Intrusive g, 
suggested by GREASE.] 

VERDURE (ver'dur), n. 1. Greenness; freshness 
of plants. 2. Green vegetation. 3. Green 
hangings, representing landscapes. 

VERGE (verj), n. Staff or mace, used as an 
emblem of authority. [L. virga, rod.] 

VERGE (verj), v. [pr.p. VERGING; p.t. and p.p. 
VERGED (verjd).] I. vi. 1. Incline. 2. Bor- 
der (upon). II. vt. Form the edge of. [L. 
vergo, bend.] 

VERGE (verj), n. Extreme edge; margin; bor- 
der; brink. 

VERGENCY (ver'jen-si), n. 1. Act of verging. 
2. Optics. Reciprocal of the focal distance of 
a lens, used as a measure of the divergence or 
consequence of the focus of rays. 

VERGER (ver'jer), n. 1. One who carries a 
verge. 2. Beadle of a cathedral church. 3. 



One who acts as usher in a church. [L. virga, 
rod.] 

VERIDICAL (ve-ridik-al), a. Truthful; true. 
[L. verus, true, and dico, speak.] 

VERIFIABLE (ver'i-fi-a-bl). a. That may be 
verified or confirmed. 

VERIFICATION (ver-i-fi-ka'shun), n. Act of 
verifying or state of being verified. 

VERIFIER (ver'i-fi-er), n. One who or that 
which verifies. 

VERIFY (ver'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. VER'IFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. VERIFIED (ver'i-fid).] 1. Show to 
be true. 2. Ascertain to be correct. 3. Authen- 
ticate, as by an affidavit. [L. verus, true, and 
facio, make.] 

VERILY (ver'i-li), adv. Truly; certainly. 

VERISIMILAR (ver-i-sim'i-lar), a. Likely; 
probable. [L. verisimilis, similar to the truth.] 

VERISIMILITUDE (ver-i-si-mil'i-tud), n. 1. 
Character or quality of being verisimilar; ap- 
pearance of truth; probability; likelihood. 2. 
That which has the appearance of fact. [Fr. — 
L. verisimilitudo — verus, true, and similitudo, 
similitude.] 

VERITABLE (ver'i-ta-bl), a. According to fact; 
real. 

VERITABLY (ver'i-ta-bli), adv. In truth; truly; 
really; verily. 

VERITY (ver'i-ti), n. [pi. VERITIES (ver'i-tiz).] 

1. Quality of being true or real; truth. 2. True 
assertion; tenet. [L. Veritas. \ 

VERJUICE (ver'jos), n. 1. Juice of unripe 
fruit, especially grapes. 2. Acidity. [Fr. 
verjus — verd, green, and jus, juice.] 

VERMEIL (ver'mil), n. 1. Silver or bronze gilt. 

2. An orange-colored garnet. 3. A varnish for 
gilt surfaces. [O. Fr. vermilion, bright red, 
vermilion.] 

VERMES (ver'mez), n.pl. Worms, especially 
parasitic. [L., pi. of vermis.] 

VERMICELLI (ver-mi-sel'i or ver-mi-chel'D, n. 
Dough of fine wheat flour made into worm- 
like or thread-like rolls. [It., pi. of vermicello, 
little worm.] 

VERMICULAR (ver-mik'u-lar), a. Pertaining 
to or like a worm (especially in its motion). 
[L. vermiculus, dim. of vermis* worm.] 

VERMICULATE (ver-mik'u-lat), a. Vermic- 
ular. 

VERMICULATE (ver-mik'u-lat), v. [pr.p. VER- 
MIC'ULATING; p.t. and p.p. VERMIC'ULA- 
TED.] I. vt. Adorn with tracery resembling the 
motion or track of worms. II. vi. Become 
worm-eaten. 

VERMICULATION (ver-mik-u-lashun), n. 1. 
Act or process of moving after the manner of 
a worm. 2. Act or process of forming worm- 
like ornaments. 3. State of being worm-eaten. 

VERMIFORM (ver'mi-farm), a. Having the 
form of a worm. — Vermiform appendix, small 
blind portion of the intestine hanging from the 
caecum, which is the point of junction between 
the smaller intestines and the ascending colon. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



VERMIFUGAL 



1184 



VERTEBRATA 



In shape and size it somewhat resembles the 

little finger, and its inflammation is called 

appendicitis. [L. vermis, worm, and forma, 

form.] 
VERMIFUGAL (ver-mif'u-gal), a. Of the nature 

of a vermifuge. 
VERMIFUGE (ver'mi-fuj), n. Substance that 

expels intestinal worms from animal bodies. 

[L. vermis, worm, and fugo, expel.] 
VERMILION (ver-mil'yun), n. 1. Red coloring 

substance obtained from sulphate of mercury. 

2. Any brilliant red color. [O. Fr. vermilion, 

kermes insect, bright red — L. vermiculus, 

little worm.] 
VERMIN (ver'min), n. sing, and pi. Name for all 

noxious or mischievous animals or insects, 

especially such as are small. [Fr. vermine — L. 

vermis, worm.] 
VER3IEVOUS (ver'min-us), a. Infected with 

vermin. 
VERMIVOROUS (ver-miv'o-rus), a. Feeding 

on worms. [L. vermis, worm, and voro, devour.] 
VER3IONT (ver-monf), «. One of the United 

States. Capital Montpelier. Area 9,565 sq. m. 
VERMUTH (ver 'moth), n. Wine flavored with 

aromatic herbs. [Ger. tvermuth, wormwood.] 
VERNACULAR (ver-nak'u-lar), I. a. 1. Native; 

belonging to the country of one's birth. 2. 

Local. II. n. 1. One's mother-tongue. 2. 

Language of a particular calling or district. 

[L. vernaculus — verna, a slave born In his 

master's house.] 
VERNAL (ver'nal), a. 1. Belonging to, or ap- 
pearing in, spring. 2. Belonging to youth. 

[L. vernalis — ver, spring.] 
VERNATION (ver-na'shun), n. Arrangement 

if leaves (folding, coiling, etc.) in the bud. 

[L. vernatio, renewal, shedding of skin — ver, 

spring.] 
VERNICOSE (ver'ni-kos), a. Appearing as if 

varnished. [N. L. vernix, varnish.] 
VERNIER (ver'ni-er), w. Contrivance for meas- 
uring very 

small inter- 
vals, consist- 
ing of a short 

scale made to 

slide upon a 

longer one 

graded differently. 

Verona (ve-ro'na), 

Adige River. 

VERONICA (ve-ron'i-ka), n. 1. Ornamental 
flower of many species, of genus of same name. 
2. Cloth supposed to have on it a representa- 
tion of the face of Christ — the tradition being 
that the likeness of Christ's face was miracu- 
lously impressed on a handkerchief used by a 
woman named Veronica to wipe the sweat 
from his face as he was on his way to Calvary. 
[Gr. Berenike — phero, bear, and nike, victory.] 

VERRUCOSE (ver'u-kos), a. Warty; full of 
warts. [L. verrucosus — verruca, wart.] 




150 

Vernier Scale. 

[After its inventor.] 
n. City, Italy, on 



the 



VERSAILLES (ver-salz'; Fr. var-sal'ye), n. City, 
France. Here in 1783 was signed the peace of 
Versailles between England and the United 
States. 

VERSATILE (ver'sa-til), a. 1. Liable to be 
turned; changeable; unsteady. 2. Turning 
easily from one thing to another; many-sided. 
[L. versatilis — verto, turn.] 

VERSATILITY (ver-sa-til'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being versatile. 

VERSE (vers), n. 1. Line of poetry. 2. Metrical 
arrangement and language; poetry. 3. Stanza. 
4. Short division of a composition, especially 
of the chapters of the Bible. — Blank verse, 
verse without rhyme, usually of five or six feet. 
[L. versus — verto, turn.] 

VERSED (verst), a. 1. Thoroughly acquainted; 
skilled. 2. Reversed, as a sine. [Fr. verse — L. 
versatus, p. p. of versor, turn around.] 

VERSICLE (vers'i-kl), n. Little verse; short 
responsive line in liturgy. 

VERSIFICATION (ver-si-fi-ka'shun), n. Act or 
practice of versifying. 

VERSIFIER (ver'si-fi-er), n. One who writes or 
composes verses. 

VERSIFY (ver'si-fi), v. [pr.p. VER'SIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. VERSIFIED (ver 'si-fid).] I. vi. Make 
verses. II. vt. 1. Relate in verse. 2. Turn 
into verses. [L. versifico — versus, verse, and 
facio, make.] 

VERSION (ver 'shun), n. 1. Act of translating 
from one language into another. 2. That 
which is translated. 3. Account; description; 
view. 

VERSIONIST (ver'shun-ist), n. 1. One who 
makes a version; translator. 2. One who 
favors a certain version or translation. 

VERSIONIZE (ver'shun-iz), vt. [pr.p. VER'- 
SIONIZING; p.t. and p.p. VERSIONIZED (ver'- 
shun-izd).] Make a version of; translate. 

VERST (verst), w. Russian mile, 3,500 feet in 
length. [Russ.] 

VERSUS (ver'sus), prep. Law. Against; usually 
abbreviated vs. or v. [L.] 

VERT (vert), n. 1. Anything having green 
leaves in a forest. 2. Liberty to cut green 
trees or wood in a forest. 3. Heraldry. Green 
tincture or color. [Fr.] 

VERTEBRA (ver'te-bra), n. 
(ver'te-bre).] One of the 
small bones composing the 
spine. (Man has 7 cervical, 
12 dorsal, 5 lumbar, 5 sac- 
ral vertebrae, and the coc- 
cyx, formed of 4 bones us- 
ually firmly united.) [L. — 
joint — verto, turn.] 

VERTEBRAL (ver'te-bral), a. 

1. Of or pertaining to the vertebrae, 
tebrate. 

VERTEBRATA (ver-te-bra'ta or ver-te-bra'ta), 
n. pi. Division of the animal kingdom com- 
prising animals possessed of a backbone, in- 



VERTEBRAE 




Human Vertebra. 
2. Ver- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



VERTEBRATE 



1185 



VETERANIZE 



eluding mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, 
and fishes. [L. vertebratus, jointed.] 

VERTEBRATE (ver'te-brat), VERTEBRATED 
(ver'te-brat-ed), a. Furnished with joints; 
having a backbone. 

VERTEX (ver'teks), n. [pi. VER'TEXES or 
VERTICES (ver'ti-sez).] 1. Top; summit. 2. 
Point of a cone, pyramid or angle. [L. verto, 
turn. Cf. VORTEX.] 

VERTICAL (ver'ti-kal), I. a. 1. Pertaining to 
the vertex; placed in the zenith. 2. Perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon. II. n. 
Vertical line. [Fr. — L. vertex — verto, turn.] 

VERTICALLY (ver'ti-kal-i), adv. In a vertical 
manner, position or direction; perpendicularly. 

VERTICIL (ver'ti-sil), n. Whorl, as of leaves or 
tentacles. [L. verticillus.] 

VERTICILLATE (ver-tis'i-lat), a. Arranged in 
a whorl. 

VERTIGINOUS (ver-tij'i-nus), a. 1. Dizzy. 2. 
Causing dizziness. 3. Whirling. [L. vertigino- 
sus — vertigo, vertigo.] 

VERTIGO (ver'ti-go), n. Sensation of giddiness; 
dizziness. [L. verto, turn.] 

VeRTUMNUS (ver-tum'nus), n. Bom. Myth. 
God of spring, and husband of Pomona, god- 
dess of orchards. 

VERVAIN (ver'van), n. Plant of the genus 
Verbena. [O.Fr. verveine — L. verbena, sacred 
bough.] 

VERVE (verv), n. Animation; spirit. [Fr.] 

VERY (ver'i), I. a. True; real; actual. II. adv. 
In a great degree. [Older form veray — O. Fr. 
verai (Fr. vrai) — L. verax, speaking truly.] 

VESANIA (ve-sa'ni-a), n. Pathol. Insanity. [L. 
ve-, not, and sanus, sane.] 

VESICAL (ves'i-kal), a. Pertaining to the blad- 
der. [L. vesica, bladder.] 

VESICANT (ves'i-kant), I. a. Producing blisters. 
II. n. Blister-plaster. 

VESICATE (ves'i-kat), vt. [pr.p. VESICATING; 
p.t. and p.p. VES'ICATED.] Raise blisters on. 

VESICATION (ves-i-ka'shun), n. Act or process 
of vesicating. 

VESICATORY (ves'i-ka-to-ri), I. o. Blistering. 
II. n. Blistering application. 

VESICLE (ves'i-kl), n. 1. Small bladder or 
blister. 2. Small cavity in an animal body. 3. 
Bot. Bladder-like cell. [L. vesicula, dim. of 
vesica, bladder.] 

VESICULAR (ve-sik'u-lar), VESICULOUS (ve- 
sik'u-lus), a. Pertaining to or full of vesicles. 
— Vesicular murmur, sound produced by the 
air passing through the pulmonary air-cells. 

VESICULIFORM (ve-sik'u-li-farm), a. Having 
the form of a vesicle. 

VESINE (ve-sen'), n. Valley wind in a mountain 
region. [Fr.] 

VESPER (ves'per), n. 1. The evening star, 
Venus, visible after sunset; evening. 2. [pi.] 
In Roman Catholic Church, the evening serv- 
ice. 3. [pi.] In the Church of England, the 
sixth canonical hour; even-song. [L.] 



VESPIARY (ves'pi-a-ri),n. Wasps' nest. 

VESPINE (ves'pin), a. Pertaining to a wasp or 
wasps. [L. vespa, wasp.] 

VESSEL (ves'el), n. 1. Utensil for holding some- 
thing. 2. Hollow structure made to float on 
water, used for conveyance, etc. 3. Tube 
holding a fluid, as blood, sap, etc.; duct. 
[O. Fr. — L. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase. Cf. 
VASE.] 

VEST (vest), n. 1. Garment. 2. Waistcoat. 
[L. vestis, garment.] 

VEST (vest), v. [pr.p. VEST'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VEST'ED.] I. vt. 1. Clothe. 2. Invest; endow; 
followed by with. 3. Commit to; followed by 
iw. II. vi. Devolve; take effect. 

VESTA (ves'ta), n. Bom. Myth. Goddess pre- 
siding over family altars. In her temple ves- 
tal virgins kept a sacred fire constantly burn- 
ing. [L. — Gr. Hestia.] 

VESTAL (ves'tal), I. a. Pertaining or conse- 
crated to the service of Vesta; chaste; pure. 
II. n. 1. Priestess of Vesta. 2. Chaste woman; 
virgin. 3. Sister of charity; nun. 

VESTIBULE (ves'ti-bul), n. 1. Open court or 
porch before a house. 2. Hall next the en- 
trance to a house. 3. Anat. Small bony cavity 
forming part of the ear. — Vestibule train, rail- 
road passenger train, with inclosed platforms 
between cars. [L. vestibulum.] 

VESTIGE (ves'tij), n. Trace or remains of some- 
thing. [L. vestigium, footprint.] 

VESTIGIAL (ves-tiji-al), a. Of the nature of a 
trace; having become small or degenerate. 

VESTMENT (vest'ment), n. Long outer robe; 
robe of state; chasuble. [L. vestimentum.] 

VESTRY (ves'tri), n. [pi. VESTRIES (ves'triz).] 

I. Room adjoining a church, in which, the 
vestments are kept and parochial meeti gs 
held; sacristy. 2. In the Episcopal Church, 
assembly of the managers of parochial affairs. 
[L. vestiarium — vestis, garment.] 

VESTRYMAN (ves'tri-man), n. [pi. VESTRY- 

MEN.] Member of a vestry. 
VESTURE (ves'tur), n. Clothing; covering. [L. 

L. vestitura — L. vestio.] 
VeSUVIAN (ve-su'vi-an), a. Pertaining to the 

volcano Vesuvius; volcanic. 
VESUVIUS (ve-su'vi-us), n. Active volcano, 

Bay of Naples, Italy, 3,948 feet high. 
VETCH (vech), n. Variety of 

plants, mostly climbing, 

some of which are cultivated 

for fodder. [O. Fr. veche (Fr. 

vesce) — L. vicia, vetch.] 
VETERAN (vet'er-an), I. a. 

Experienced; long exercised, 

especially in military life, 

II. n. One long exercised in 
service; old man who fought 
in a war when young. [L. 
veteranus — vetus, old.] 

VETERANIZE (vet'er-an-iz), 

v. [pr.p. VET'ERANIZING; p.t. and p.p. VET'- 




Vetch. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=m in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



VETERINARIAN 



1186 



VICE-ADMIRAL 



ERANIZED (vet'er-an-izd).] l,vt. Render vet- 
eran. II. vi. Reenlist. 

VETERINARIAN (vet-er-i-na'ri-an), n. One 
skilled in the treatment of diseases of domestic 
animals. 

VETERINARY (vet'er-i-na-ri), I. Pertaining 
to the art of treating the diseases of domes- 
tic animals. II. n. Veterinarian. [L. veteri- 
narius.] 

VETO (ve'to), n. [pi. VETOES (ve'toz).] 1. 
Authoritative prohibition. 2. Power of reject- 
ing or forbidding. [L., I forbid.] 

VETO (ve'to), vt. [pr.p. VE'TOING; p.t. and p.p. 
VETOED (ve'tod).] Reject by a veto; withhold 
assent to. 

VEX (veks), vt. [pr.p. VEX'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VEXED (vekst).J 1. Harass; torment; plague. 

2. Irritate by small provocations; annoy; fret. 

3. Make a subject of dispute; as, a vexed 
question. [L. vexo, jolt in carrying.] 

SYN. Annoy; disturb; disquiet; distress; 

harass; tease; irritate. ANT. Soothe; quiet; 

please. 
VEXATION (veks-a'shun), n. Act of vexing or 

state of being vexed. 
VEXATIOUS (veks-a'shus), a. Causing vexa- 
tion. 
VEXATIOUSLY (veks-a'shus-li), adv. In a 

vexatious manner. 
VEXATIOUSNESS (veks-a'shus-nes), n. Quality 

or state of being vexatious. 
"VTA (vi'a), prep. Ry way of; by the route of. [L.] 
VIARILITY (vl-a-bili-ti), n. Quality or state of 

being viable. 
VIARLE (vi'a-bl), a. Capable of living, or of 

independent life after birth. [Fr.] 
VIADUCT (via-dukt), n. Road carried by a 

structure over a valley, river, arm of the sea, 

etc* [L. via, way, and duco, ductutn, lead* bring.] 



SEEEi 



Im^k^t 



Key West Viaduct. 

VIAGRAPH (vi'a-graf), n. Device which makes 
an automatic record of the resistance offered 
by the roadway to a wheeled vehicle and gives 
the sum of all the inequalities of the surface 
passed over. [L. via, way, and -GRAPH.] 

VIAL(vi'al),n. Small glass bottle. See PHIAL. 

VIAND (vi'and), n. Food; article of food; usu- 
ally in plural. [Fr. viande, meat — L. vivenda, 
victuals.] 

VIATIC (vi-at'ik), a. Pertaining to traveling. 
[L. viaticus — via, way.] 

VIATICUM (vi-at'i-kum), n. 1. Provisions for 
the way. 2. In Roman Catholic Church, com- 
munion given to the dying. [L.] 

VIATOR (vi-a'tur), n. Traveler. [L.] 



VIREX (vi'beks), n. [pi. VIBICES (vi-bi'sez).l 
Mark on the skin like a wale, characteristic of 
certain fevers. [L.] 

VIRRACULUM (vi-brak'ti-lum), n. Filamen- 
tous appendage at the mouth of certain marine 
plant-animals. [L. vibro, vibrate.] 

VIRRANC Y (vi'bran-si), n. Character or state of 
being vibrant. 

VIRRANT (vibrant), a. 1. Vibrating. 2. Show- 
ing or due to vibration; resonant. 

VIDRATE (vi'brat), v. [pr.p. VI'BRATING; 
p.t. and p.p. VI'BRATED.] I. vi. Move 
backwards and forwards; swing; tremble. 
II. vt. 1. Move to and fro. 2. Measure by 
moving to and fro. 3. Affect with vibratory 
motion. [L. vibro.] 

VIRRATION (vl-bra'shun), n. 1. Act of vi- 
brating. 2. State of that which vibrates. 

VIRRATOR (vi'bra-tur), n. 1. One who or 
that which vibrates. 2. Device for giving 
vibratory massage treatment. 3. Print. 
Distributing roller having both lengthwise 
and rotary motion. 

VIRRATORY (vi'bra-to-ri), a. 1. Pertaining to 
or causing vibration. 2. Vibrating. 

VIRRISSA (vi-bris'a), n. [pi. VIBRISSA (vi- 
bris'e).] Rristle, as around the mouth of a 
cat. [L.] 

VICAR (vik'ar), n. [fern. VIC'ARESS.] 1. Sub- 
stitute in an office. 2. Perpetual curate. 
[Li. vicarius — vix, change, alternation.] 

VICARAGE (vik'ar-aj), n. Renefice or resi- 
dence of a vicar. 

VICARIAL (vi-ka'ri-al), a. Pertaining to a 
vicar. 

VICARIATE (vi-ka'ri-at), I. a. Having vicari- 
ous or delegated power. II. n. Delegated 
power. 

VICARIOUS (vi-ka'ri-us), a. 1. Filling the 
place of another. 2. Performed or suffered 
in place of, or for the sake of, another. 

VICARIOUSLY (vi-ka'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
vicarious manner. 

VICE (vis), n. Same as VISE. 

VICE (vis), n. 1. Rlemish; fault. 2. Immoral 
conduct; depravity. [Fr. — L. vitiurn, defect.] 

SYN. Corruption; evil; crime; badness; 
sin; immorality. ANT. Purity; virtue; 
goodness. 

VICE-, prefix. Denotes in its compounds, one 
who acts in place or as deputy of another, or 
one second in rank; as, vice-president, vice- 
chairman. [L. vice, in place of.] 

VICE (vi'se), prep. Instead of ; in the place of. [L.] 

VICE (vis), n. Substitute; deputy. [From VICE-.] 

VICE-ADMIRAL (vis-ad'mi-ral), n. 1. Oneacting 
in the place of, or second in command to, an 
admiral. In the United States the grade of 
vice-admiral ceases to exist on the death or 
retirement of the holder, and an act of Con- 
gress is necessary to revive it. 2. In England, 
civil officer who exercises admirality jurisdic- 
tion within a particular district. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute- hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



VICEGERENCY 



1187 



VIEW 



VICEGERENCY (vis-je'ren-si), n. Office of a 

vicegerent; agency under another. 
VICEGERENT (vis-je'rent), I. a. Acting in 

place of another; having delegated authority. 

II. n. One acting in place of a superior. [L. 

vice, in place of, and gerens, pr.p. of gero, carry 

on, act.] 
VICENNIAL (vl-sen'i-al), a. 1. Lasting twenty 

years. 2. Occurring once in twenty years. [L. 

vicies, twenty times, and annus, year.] 
VICEREGAL (vis-re'gal), a. Pertaining to a 

viceroy or viceroyalty. 
VICEROY (vis'roi), n. One representing the 

royal authority in a dependency or province. 

[Fr. viceroi — vice, in place of, and roi, king.] 
VICEROYALTY (vis-roi'al-ti), VICEROYSHIP 

(vis'roi-ship), n. Office or authority of a 

viceroy. 
VICE VERSA (vi'se ver'sa). In reversed order, 

that is, exchanging the position of antecedent 

and consequent. [L.] 
VlCHY (vish'i), I. a. Pertaining to Vichy, a 

town in France, or its mineral spring. II. n. 

Vichy water, obtained from the springs. 
VICINAGE (vis'i-naj),«. Neighborhood. [0. Fr. 

voisinage — voisin — L. vicinus, neighboring.] 
VICINITY (vi-sin'i-ti), n. 1. Neighborhood. 2. 

Nearness. [L. vicinitas.] 
VICIOUS (vish'us), a. 1. Having a vice or de- 
fect; corrupt in principles or conduct; de- 
praved. 2. Impure, as language or air. 3. 

Given to bad tricks, as a horse. 4. Pernicious; 

malicious. [Fr. vicieux — L. vitiosus, vicious — 

vitium, vice.] 
VICISSITUDE (vi-sis'i-tud), n. Change, espe- 
cially an irregular one. [L. vicissitudo — vix, 

turn.] 
VlCKSBURG (viks'burg), n. City, Mississippi, 

on the Mississippi River. 
VICTIM (vik'tim), n. 1. Living being offered as 

a sacrifice. 2. Some thing or person destroyed 

in the pursuit of an object. 3. Person suffering 

injury; dupe. [L. victima.] 
VICTIMIZE (vik'tim-iz), vt. [pr.p.VIC'TIMIZING 

p.t. and p.p. VICTIMIZED (viktim-izd).] 

Make a victim of; cheat. 
VICTOR (vik'tfir), n. [fern. VICTRESS.] One who 

conquers, defeats in battle, or wins. [L. vinco, 

victum, conquer.] 
VICTORIA (vik-to'ri-a), n. 1. Bom. Myth. 

Goddess of vic- 



tory. 2. Bot. Ge- 
nus of gigantic 
water-lilies, in- 
cluding Victoria 
regia, of tropical 
South America 
remarkable for 
its immense 

floating leaves, Victoria Water-lily (V. regia). 
six to twelve feet in diameter. Named by 
Lindley after Queen Victoria. 3. [v-] Low 
four-wheeled carriage with two seats and 




British Colony, Australia, 
m. 5. Capital of British Col- 



Food for human beings. 
victualis — vivo, victum 

South American animal 



buggy top. 4 
Area 87,884 sq 
umbia, on Vancouver's Island. 

VICTORIA NYANZA (vik-to'ri-a ni-iin'za). 
Fresh-water lake, Africa, on the Equator. 
Area 30,000 sq. m. 

VICTORINE (vik-to-ren'), n. 1. Fur tippet with 
long tabs. 2. Variety of peach. 

VICTORIOUS (vik-to'ri-us), a. Relating to vic- 
tory; superior in contest; triumphant. 

VICTORIOUSLY (vik-to'ri-us-li), adv. In a 
victorious manner. 

VICTORY (vik'to-ri), n. [pi. VICTORIES (vik'to- 
riz).] 1. A gaining of the supremacy or supe- 
riority in war or any contest. 2. Advantage or 
superiority gained in any conflict or struggle, 
as over self or one's passions or appetites, or 
over temptations. 3. [V-] Victoria, the Roman 
goddess of victory. [L. victoria, conquest — 
victor, victor.] 

VICTUAL (vit'l), vt. [pr.p. VICTUALING; p.t. 
and p.p. VICTUALED (vit'ld).] Supply with 
provisions. 

VICTUALER (vit'l-er), n. One who furnishes 
victuals; innkeeper. 

VICTUALS (vit'lz), n. pi 
[L. L. victualia — L. 
live.] 

VICUNA (vi-ku'nya),n. 
resembling the llama, 
having very fine and val- 
uable wool. 

VIDE (vi'de), v. See; used 
as a reference to some- 
thing stated elsewhere; 
as, vide page 19. [L., 
imper. of video, see.] 

VIDELICET (vi-del'i-set), 
adv. To wit; namely; 
that is; usually abbre- 
viated VIZ. [L. videre licet 

VIDETTE. Same as VEDETTE. 

VIDIMUS (vid'i-mus), n. Inspection, as of ac- 
counts. [L„ we have seen.] 

VIDUAGE (vid'u-aj), n. 1. Widowhood. 2. All 
the widows, collectively. [L. vidua, widow.] 

VIE (vi), vi. [pr.p. VYING (vi'ing) ; p.t. and p.p. 
VIED (vid).] Strive for superiority; show rival- 
ry; contend. [Prob. corrup. of ENVY.] 

VlENNA (ve-en'a), n. Capital of Austria-Hun- 
gary, on the Danube. 

VlENNE (ve-en')» n. Town in France, on the 
Rhone. 

VIEW(vu),n. 1. Act of seeing; sight. 2. Reach 
of the sight. 3. That which is seen. 4. Picture 
of a scene. 5. Mental survey. 6. Mode of look- 
ing at. 7. Intention. [Fr.vue — vu, p.p. of voir, 
see.] 

SYN. Beholding; look; prospect; scene; 
sketch; conception; opinion; apprehension; 
object; purpose. ANT. Blindness; obscura- 
tion; deception. 

VIEW (vu), vt. [pr.p. VIEWING; p.t. and p.p. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in " Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



VIEWER 



1188 



VINCIBLE 



VIEWED (vud).] 1. Perceive with the eye; 
behold; look on; see. 2. Inspect; survey; 
explore. 3. Survey mentally; regard; con- 
sider. 

VIEWER (vu'er), n. One who views, inspects, 
or examines. 

VIEW-FINDER (vu'find-er), n. Photog. Part of a 
camera which shows the object to be photo- 
graphed on a small ground-glass plate, as an 
aid in securing the focus. 

VIEWLESS (vu'les), a. Incapable of being 
viewed or seen. 

VIEW-POINT (vu'point), n. Point of view. 

VIGIL (vij'il), n. 1. Watching. 3. Keeping 
awake for religious exercise. 3. The eve before 
a feast or fast day, originally kept by watch- 
ing through the night. [L. vigilia — vigil, 
watchful.] 

VIGILANCE (vij'i-lans), n. Watchfulness; cir- 
cumspection. — Vigilance committee, organiza- 
tion of citizens for the infliction of summary 
punishment for outrageous crimes. 

VIGILANT (vij'i-lant), a. On the lookout for 
danger. 

SYN. Attentive; cautious; alert; circum- 
spect; wary; watchful; careful. ANT. In- 
attentive; incautious; unwary; careless. 

VIGILANTE (vij-i-lan'ta), n. Member of a 
vigilance committee. [Sp.] 

VIGILANTLY (vij'i-lant-li), adv. In a vigilant 
manner; with vigilance. 

VIGNETTE (vin-yef), w. 1. Originally, an orna- 
mental flourish of vine leaves and tendrils, 
used in Gothic architecture. 2. Small orna- 
mental engraving not inclosed by a definite 
border. 3. Photographic portrait showing 
only the head and shoulders, the edge fading 
away insensibly into the background. [Fr. 
vigne, vine.] 

VIGNETTE (vin-yef), vt. [pr.p. VIGNET'TING; 
p.t. and p.p. VIGNET'TED.] 1. Decorate with 
vignettes. 2. Make with a fading background 
or border, as a photograph or other picture. 

VIGOR (vig'ur), n. 1. Active strength; physical 
force. 2. Vital strength in animals or plants. 
3. Strength of mind. [L.] 

VIGORITE (vig'ur-it), n. Powerful explosive 
made of nitroglycerine. 

VIGOROSO (ve-go-ro'so), a. Music. Vigorous. 
[It.] 

VIGOROUS (vig'iir-us), «. Possessing vigor; 
strong; robust. 

VIGOROUSLY (vig'iir-us-li), adv. In a vigorous 
manner. 

VIGOROUSNESS (vig'ur-us-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being vigorous. 

VIKING (vi'king),n. One of the Scandinavian 
pirates who in the ninth and tenth centuries 
ravaged the coasts of Western Europe. [Ice. 
vikingr — vihr, creek, bay.] 

VILAYET (vil-a-yet'),n. Name of the provinces 
into which the Ottoman empire is divided, 
[Ar. wilaya. government.] 



VILE(vil),o. 1. Mean; low. 2. Morally impure; 
wicked. 3. Objectionable; disagreeable. [Fr. 
— L. vilis, cheap. Cf. Ger. feil, vendible.] 

SYN. Base; contemptible; depraved; vil- 
lainous; shameful; scurvy; shabby; beggarly; 
pitiful; groveling; foul; knavish. ANT. 
High; exalted; noble; pure; precious. 

VILELY (vll'li), adv. In a vile manner. 

VILENESS (vil'nes), n. Quality or state of being 
vile. 

VILIFICATION (vil-i-fi-ka'shun), n. 1. Act of 
vilifying. 2. Defamation; abuse. 

VILIFIER (vil'i-fi-er), n. One who vilifies; 
defamer. 

VILIFY (vil'i-fi), vt. [pi .p. VILIFYING; p.t. and 
p.p. VILIFIED (vil'i-fid).] Represent as vile; 
attempt to degrade by slander; defame. [L. 
vilis, vile.] 

SYN. Calumniate; abuse; asperse; revile; 
traduce. ANT. Praise; laud; commend. 

VILLA (vil'a), n. Country residence; suburban 
mansion. [L. vicula, country-house, dim. of 
vicus, village.] 

VILLAGE (vil'a j), n. Small assemblage of 
houses, less than a town. [Fr.] 

VDLLAGER (vil'aj-er), n. Inhabitant of a village. 

VILLAIN (vil'en), n. 1. Deliberate scoundrel; 
rascal; rogue; wretch. 2. Originally, a serf or 
peasant attached to a farm or villa; a feudal 
serf. [O. Fr. vilain, servile tenant — L. L. vil- 
lanus, farm-servant — L. villa, farmhouse.] 

VILLAINOUS (vil'en-us), a. 1. Suited to or 
characteristic of a villain; very wicked or de- 
praved. 2. Proceeding from extreme wicked- 
ness or depravity. 3. Wretched; vile; mean. 

VILLAINOUSLY (vil'en-us-li), adv. In a vil- 
lainous manner. 

VILLAINY (vil'en-i), n. [pi. VILLAINIES (vil'- 
en-iz).] 1. Extreme depravity. 2. Atrocious 
crime. 

VILLENAGE, VILLEINAGE (vil'en-aj), n. 
Feudal Law. Tenure of land by menial serv- 
ices; tenure of feudal serf or villain. [O. Fr. 
villenage — vilain, servile tenant.] 

VDLLI (vil'i), n.pl. 1. Anat. Fine soft fibers. 
2. Bot. Fine hairs on plants. [L., pi. of 
villus, shaggy hair.] 

VILLOSITY (vil-los'i-ti), n. 1. State of being 
villous. 2. Collection of villi. 

VILLOUS (vil'us), a. Covered with villi. 

VILLUS (vil'us), n. Singular of VILLI. 

VIM (vim), n. Strength; energy. (Slang.) [L., 
accus. of vis.] 

VINA (ve'na), n. East-Indian musical instru- 
ment with metal strings. 

VINA CEOUS (vi-na'shus or vi-na'shus), a. Per- 
taining to, or colored like, wine. 

VINAIGRETTE (vin-a-gret), n. Small vial of 
silver or gold for holding aromatic vinegar or 
pungent drugs; used as a smelling bottle. [Fr. 
vinaigre. See VINEGAR.] 

VINCIBLE (vin'si-bl), a. That may be con- 
quered. [L. vincibilis — vinco, conquer.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft, in Scotch loch. 



I 



VINCULUM 



1189 



VIOLONCELLIST 



VINCULUM (ving'ku-lum), n. 1. Band; bond. 
2. Math. Horizontal line placed over several 
quantities to show that they are to be treated 
as one. [L. vincio, bind.] 

VINDICATE (vin'di-kat), vt. [pr.p. VINDICA- 
TING; p.t. and p.p. VINDICATED.] 1. Defend; 
Justify. 2. Maintain by force. [L. vindicatus, 
p.p. of vindico, avenge.] 

SYN. Sustain; establish; substantiate. 
ANT. Nullify; destroy; vitiate. 

VINDICATION (vin-di-ka'shun), n. Act of vin- 
dicating or state of being vindicated. 

VINDICATIVE (vin'di-ka-tiv), a. Tending to 
vindicate. 

VINDICATOR (vin'di-ka-tiir), n. One who 
vindicates. 

VINDICATORY (vin'di-ka-to-ri), a. 1. Tending 
to vindicate; vindicative. 2. Inflicting pun- 
ishment. 

VINDICTIVE (vin-dik'tiv), a. Revengeful. 

VINDICTIVELY (vin-dik'tiv-li), adv. In a vin- 
dictive manner. 

VINDICTIVENESS (vin-dik'tiv-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being vindictive. 

VINE (vin), n. 1. Woody climbing plant pro- 
ducing grapes. 2. Any climbing or trailing 
plant. [O. Fr. — L. vinea, vine.] 

VINEGAR (vin'e-gar), n. Acid liquor obtained 
from fermented and vinous liquors. [Fr. vin- 
aigre — vin, wine, and aigre (L. acer), sour.] 

VINEGARISH (vin'e-gar-ish), VINEGARY (vin'- 
e-gar-i), a. Resembling vinegar; sour; acid; 
crabbed. 

VINERY (vi'ner-i), n. Hothouse for rearing 
grapes; vineyard. 

VINETTE (vi-nef), n. Barberry wine, used in 
making some kinds of leather. 

VINEYARD (vin'yard), n. Inclosure for rearing 
grape-vines. [A. S. wingeard.] 

VINGT-ET-UN (vangt-a-ung), n. Game of 
cards in which the object is to make the num- 
ber or value of the pips on the cards as nearly 
as possible twenty-one. [Fr., twenty-one.] 

VINIC (vi'nik), a. Pertaining to, or derived from, 
wine. 

VINOSITY (vi-nos'i-ti), n. State or quality of 
being vinous. 

VINOUS (vi'nus), a. 1. Of or pertaining to wine. 
2. Of the nature of wine. 3. Wine-producing. 
[L. vinosus — vinum, wine.] 

VINTAGE (vint'aj), n. 1. Produce of grapes in 
one year. 2. Time of grape-gathering. [Fr. 
vendange — L. vindemia — vinum, wine, and 
demo, pluck.] 

VINTNER (vint'ner), n. Wine-seller. [O. Fr. 
vinetier.] 

VIOL (vi'ul), n. 1. Old musical instrument like 
the violin, with six strings. 2. Any stringed 
instrument of this class, as the violin, violon- 
cello and double-bass viol. [Fr. viole— It. 
viola — L. L. vitula — L. vitulor, skip like a 
calf.] 

VIOLA (vi'6-la or ve-6'la), n. 1. Viol. 2. Musical 




Violano- virtuoso. 



instrument a little larger than a violin, tuned 
five notes lower, and pathetic in tone. [It.] 

VIOLA (vi'6-la), n. Genus of plants including 
pansies and violets. Viola tricolor, in its wild 
state the heart's-ease, is cultivated as the 
pansy; the typical north temperate violet is 
Viola odorata. [L.] 

VIOLABLE (vi'6-la-bl), a. That may be in- 
jured or broken. 

VIOLACEOUS (vi-6-la' she-us), a. 1. Hued like 
a violet. 2. Pertaining to the violet family. 

VIOLANO- VIRTUOSO (ve-o-la'no-vir-to-o'so), 
n. Automatic musical in- 
strument consisting of a 
self-playing violin with 
piano accompaniment, the 
music of which is started 
or ended by pushing a but- 
ton. [Trade name.] 

VIOLATE (vi'6-lat), vt. [pr. 
p. VIOLATING; p.t. and 
p.p. VIOLATED.] 1. In- 
jure; abuse. 2. Profane; 
break forcibly. 3. Disturb. 
4. Ravish; do violence to. 
[L. violo, -atum — vis, 
force.] 

SYN. Outrage; inter- 
rupt; desecrate; defile; 
debauch; deflower; hurt; pollute; profane; 
dishonor; transgress; infringe. ANT. Re- 
spect; foster; regard; cherish; protect; obey. 

VIOLATION (vi-6-la'shun), n. Act of violating 
or state of being violated. 

VIOLENCE (vi 6-lens), n. State of being violent; 
force, physical or moral; outrage; profana- 
tion; injury; rage. 

SYN. Intensity; vehemence; eagerness; 
impetuosity; infringement; attack; hurt; 
assault. ANT. Lenity; mildness; forbear- 
ance; respect. 

VIOLENT (vi'6-lent), a. 1. Acting with physical 
force or strength. 2. Moved by strong feeling; 
passionate; vehement. 3. Characterized by 
unjust force; outrageous. 4. Produced by 
force; unnatural. [Fr. — L. violentus — vis, 
force.] 

VIOLET (vi'6-let), I. n. 
species, with a flower 
generally of some shade 
of blue. 2. Color of the 
violet. II. a. Of the c 
color of the violet. [Fr. 
violette — L. viola.] 

VIOLIN (vi-o-lin'),w. Mu- 
sical instrument of four 
strings played with a Violet. 

bow; fiddle. [Fr. violon. See VIOL.] 

VIOLINIST (vi-6-lin'ist), n. Player on the violin. 

VIOLIST (vi'ol-ist), n. One who plays the viol 
or the viola. 

VIOLONCELLIST (vi-6-lon-sel'ist or ve-6-lon- 
chel'ist), n. Player on the violoncello. 



Plant of many 




^ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in " Scotch guide; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



VIOLONCELLO 



1190 



VISCOUNT 




Violoncello. 



VIOLONCELLO (vi-d-lon-sel'6 or ve-6-lon-chel'- 
6), n. Large stringed musical in- 
strument, between the violin and 
the double-bass, held between 
the knees in playing. [It., dim. of 
violone, bass violin.] 

VIPER (viper), n. 1. Poisonous 
reptile of the order of snakes. 2. 
Base, malicious person. [L. 
vipera (contr. of vivipara) — vivus 
living, and pario, bring forth.] 

VIPERISH (vi'per-ish), a. Viper- 
ous; venomous. 

VIPEROUS (vi'per-us), a. Having 
the qualities or nature of a viper; 
venomous; malignant. 

VIRAGO (vi-ra'go or vi-ra'go), n. 

1. Man-like woman. 2. Termagant. [L.] 

VIREO (vir'e-6), n. Insectivorous singing bird 
of many species. [L.] 

VIRGIN (ver'jin), I. n. Chaste maiden. II. a. 
1. Maidenly; pure. 2. Untouched; fresh; new; 
first. [L. virgo.] 

VIRGINAL (ver'jin-al), a. Maidenly; hence, 
pure; fresh; unsullied. 

VIRGINAL (ver'jin-al), n. Small spinet, used 
in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. 

VIRGINIA (ver-jin'i-a), n. One of the United 
States; capital, Richmond. Area 44,330 sq. m. 

VIRGINITY (ver-jin'i-ti), n. 1. State or con- 
dition of a virgin. 2. State of being unsullied; 
state of being new or unexplored. 

VlRGO (ver'go), n. Sign of the zodiac; Virgin. 

VIRGULE (ver'gul), n. Small 
rod. [L. virgula, dim. of virga, 
rod.] 

VIRIAL (vir'i-al), n. Product 
of the attraction between two 1 
particles by half their dis- 
tance. [L. vis, viris, force.] 

VIRIDESCENT (vir-i-des'ent), 
a. Greenish; turning slightly 
green. 

VIRIDITY (vi-rid'i-ti), n. Ver- 
dure; greenishness. [L. viridi- 
tas.] Vir S°- 

VIRILE (vir'il or vi'ril), a. Masculine; man- 
ly; capable of procreation. [L. virilis.] 

VIRILITY (vi-ril'i-ti), w. Quality or state of be- 
ing virile. 

VIROSE (vi'ros), VIROUS (virus), a. Poisonous. 
[L. virosus. See VIRUS.] 

VIRTU (vir-to'), n. Fine workmanship; artistic 
excellence. [It.] 

VIRTUAL (ver'tu-al), a. Being in effect 

though not in fact. 
vIRTUALITY (ver-tu-al'i-ti), n. Quality or 
state of being virtual or not actual. 

VIRTUALLY (ver'tu-al-i), adv. In a virtual 
manner; in effect or efficacy, if not in actual- 
ity; practically. 

\IRTUE (ver'tu), n. 1. Moral excellence; prac- 
tice of duty. 2. Excellence in a particular 




moral quality. 3. Force; power. 4. Chastity. 
[O. Fr. — L. virtus, manliness, excellence — vir, 
man.] 

SYN. Integrity; probity; rectitude; worth; 
uprightness; morality; purity; merit; effi- 
cacy; potency. ANT. Vice; evil; immorality; 
wickedness; depravity. 
VIRTUOSO (vir-to-6'sd), n. [pi. VIRTUOSOS 
(vir-to-6'soz); It. VIRTUOSI (vir-to-6'se).] 

1. One skilled in the fine arts, in antiquities, 
curiosities, and the like. 2. Master performer 
on a musical instrument. [It.] 

VIRTUOUS (ver'tu-us), a. 1. Having moral 

goodness; practicing duty. 2. Being according 

to the moral law. 3. Chaste. 
VIRTUOUSLY (ver'tu-us-li), adv. In a virtuous 

manner. 
VIRTUOUSNESS (ver'tu-us-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being virtuous. 
VIRULENCE (vir'u-lens), n. Quality or state of 

being virulent. 
VIRULENT (vir'u-lent), a. 1. Full of poison. 

2. Very active in injury; malignant. [L. 
virulentus — virus, poison.] 

VIRULENTLY (vir'u-lent-li), adv. In a virulent 
manner. 

VIRUS (vi'rus), n. Poisonous matter which is 
the medium for communicating infection,, 
[L., slime, stench.] 

VIS (vis), n. Force. — Vis inertim, resistance in 
a body to change, as from rest to motion, and 
vice versa. [L.] 

VISAGE (viz'aj), n. Face; look. [Fr. — L. visus, 
seen.] 

VISAGED (viz'ajd), a. Having a face of some 
indicated character; as, grim-visaged. 

VIS-A-VIS (vez-a-ve), I. adv. Face to face. 
II. n. Person or place opposite. [Fr.] 

VISCACHA (vis-kach'a), n. Large South Ameri- 
can burrowing animal, resembling the chin- 
chilla. [Sp.] 

VISCERA (vis'se-ra), n.pl. Inner parts of the 
animal body; entrails; interior organs. [L., 
pi. of viscus, entrail.] 

VISCERAL (vis'ser-al), a. Of or pertaining to the 
viscera. 

VISCID (vis'sid), a. Sticky; tenacious. [L. viscid- 
us — viscum, mistletoe, birdlime made from the 
berries of the mistletoe.] 

VISCIDITY (vis-sid'i-ti), n. Quality or state of 
being viscid. 

VISCOSE (vis'koz), n. Viscous substance used 
in making artificial silk. 

VISCOSITY (vis-kos'i-ti), n. 1. Thickness of a 
fluid; gumminess. 2. Internal friction of gases 
and fluids, resisting an instantaneous change 
of the arrangement of their parts, and pro- 
ducing heat. [L. viscosus, viscous. See 
VISCID.] 

VISCOUNT (vi'kownt), n. [fern. VISCOUNTESS 
(vi'kownt-es).] 1. Originally, officer in Eng- 
land who supplied the place of the count or 
earl. 2. Title of nobility next below an earl. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=i* in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i, in Scotch loch. 



VISCOUS 



1191 



VITIATE 



[O. Fr. visconte (Fr. vicomte) — L. L. vicecomes 

— L. vice, instead of, and comes, companion.] 

VISCOUS (vis'kus), a. Sticky; tenacious. [L. 

viscosus — viscum, birdlime.] 
VlSCUM (vis'kum), n. Bot. Genus of parasitic 

plants; the European mistletoe. [L.] 
VISCUS (vis'kus), n. {pi. VIS'CERA.] One of the 
internal organs contained in the cranium, 
thorax, or abdomen; entrail. [L.] 
VISE, VICE (vis), n. Instrument with two jaws, 
between which an object may be clamped 
securely, leaving both hands free for work. 
Vises are usually worked by a screw and made 
attachable to a bench. The hand-vise is not 
a vise proper, but has a projecting shank which 
is grasped by one hand, while the other holds 
the tool to work upon the object held. [O. Fr. 
vis, screw — L. vitis, vine.] 
VISE (ve-za/), n. Approval endorsed on a pass- 

port. [Fr., seen.] 
VlSHNU (vish'no), n. Hindu Myth. The pre- 
server, one of the triad, Brahma, Vishnu and 
Shiva; a popular god of modern Hindu wor- 
ship. 
VISIBILITY (viz-i-bil'i-ti), n. Quality or state 

of being visible. 
VISIBLE (viz'i-bl), a. That may be seen; ob- 
vious. [L. visibilis — visus, p.p. of video, see.] 
VISIBLENESS (viz'i-bl-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being visible. 

VISION (vizh'un), n. 1. Act or sense of seeing; 

sight. 2. Anything seen. 3. Anything 

imagined to be seen; apparition; creation of 

the imagination. [Fr. — L. visio — video, see.] 

VISIONAL (vizh'un -al), a. Pertaining to vision. 

VISIONARY (vizh'un-a-ri), I. a. 1. Existing in 

imagination only; not real. 2. Apt to have 

visions, or to act on mere fancies. II. n. [pi. 

VISIONARIES (vizh'un-a-riz).] One who 

forms impracticable schemes. 

SYN. Fantastic; fanciful; Utopian; capri- 
cious; wild; whimsical; unreal; imaginary; 
chimerical. ANT. Actual; real; truthful; 
palpable; substantial. 
VISIONING (vizh'un-ing), n. Act or power of 

intellectually seeing. 
VISIONIST (vizh'un -ist), n. Dreamer; believer 

in fanciful theories. 
VISIT (viz'it), v. [pr.p, VIS'ITING; p.t. and p.p. 
VIS'ITED.] I. vt. 1. Go to see; come to see. 
2. Inspect; attend. 3. Reward or punish. II. 
vi. 1. Be in the habit of calling upon each 
other. 2. Make a visit. [Fr. visiter — L. visito, 
freq. of viso, visit — video, see.] 
VISIT (viz'it), n. 1. Act of visiting; call. 2. 
Formal or official personal call for inspection 
or examination. 
VISITANT (viz'it-ant), n. One who visits. 
VISITATION (viz-it-a'shun), n. 1. Act of visit- 
ing. 2. Examination by authority. 3. Divine 
reward or punishment; retribution. 
VISITATORIAL (viz-it-a-to'ri-al), a. Of or per- 
taining to visitation. 



VISITOR (viz'it-iir), n. One who visits or in- 
spects. 

VISITORIAL (viz-i-to'ri-al), a. Same as VISITA- 
TORIAL. 

VISNAGA (vis-na'ga), n. Bot. Species of large 
cactus (Echino-cactus), commonly called 
barrel cactus, which, by means of its roots, 
absorbs water when the rains come and store. 
it up for use in time of drought. It is common 
in Mexican deserts. [Sp.] 

VISOR (viz'vir), n. 1. Part of a helmet covering 
the face, movable and perforated to see 
through. 2. Piece on a cap, protecting the 
eyes. 3. Mask. [Fr. visiere — L. video.} 

VISTA (vis'ta), n. 1. Prospect as between the 
trees along an avenue. 2. Mental view of a 
number of events, past, present or future. [It.] 

VISTASCOPE (vis'ta-skop), n. A double kite- 
like apparatus for viewing distant objects from 
the ground, the image reflected on the kites 
being thrown onto a ground glass through a 
lens, both fitted into a box-like device and 
supported by the kites, the observer using a 
field-glass to see the image on the ground 
glass. [VISTA and -SCOPE.] 

VISUAL (vizh'u-al), a. 1. Belonging to vision 
or sight; used in seeing; optic. 2. Visible. 
[L. visualis, pertaining to sight.] 

VISUALIZE (vizh'u-al-iz), v. [pr.p. VIS'UALI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. VISUALIZED (vizh'u-al- 
izd).] I. vt. Make visible or visible. II. vi. 
Call up a visual image in the mind. 

VITAL (vi'tal), a. 1. Belonging or contributing 
to life. 2. Containing, or necessary, to life. 
3. Important as life; essential. 4. Affecting 
life; fatal; as, a vital error. [L. vitalis — vita, 
life.] 

VITALISM (vi'tal-izm), n. Doctrine that "life" 
has its origin and support outside of matter. 

VITALIST (vi'tal-ist), n. One who believes in 
vitalism. 

VITALITY (vi-tal'i-ti), n. 1. Quality of being 
vital. 2. Principle or power of life; vital force. 

VITALIZE (vi'tal-iz), vt. [pr.p. VITALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. VITALIZED (vi'tal-izd).] Give 
life to. 

VITALS (vi'talz), n.pl. Organs essential to Hfe 9 
especially the heart, lungs, etc. 

VITASCOPE (vi'ta-skop), n. Device for enlarg- 
ing kinetoscopic pictures and throwing them 
on a screen. [L. vita, life, and -SCOPE.] 

VITATASCOPE (vl-ta'ta-skdp), n. Magnifying 
instrument for studying the habits of living 
insects in the garden. 

VITATIVE (vi'ta-tiv), a. Pertaining to the 
preservation or love of life. 

VITELLIN, VITELLINE (vi-tel'in), a. Of or 
pertaining to the vitellus. 

VITELLUS (vi-tel'us), n. The part of the egg, 
that nourishes the developing embryo. [L., 
yolk.] 

VITIATE (vish'i-at), vt. [pr.p. VI'TIATING; 
p.t. and p.p. VI'TIATED.] 1. Render faulty or 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, bum, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



VITICULTURE 



1192 



VOCATIVE 



less pure. 2. Destroy. fL. vitio — vitium, blem~ 
ish.] 

VITICULTURE (vit-i-kul'tur), n. Art of grow- 
ing grapes. [L. vitis, vine, and CULTURE.] 

VITREOSITY (vit-re-os'i-ti), VITREOUSNESS 
(vit're-us-nes), n. Quality or state of being 
vitreous. 

VITREOUS (vit're-us), a. Glassy; pertaining to, 
or obtained from, glass. [L. vitreus — vitrum, 
glass — vid-, see.] 

VITRESCENCE (vi-tres'ens), n. Quality or state 
of being vitrescent. 

VITRESCENT (vi-tres'ent), a. That may be 
formed into glass; tending to become glass. 

VITREUM (vit're-um), n. [pi.. VIT'REA.] 1. 
Transparent jelly in the ball of the eye. 2. 
[pi.] Ancient glassware. 

VITRIC (vit'rik), a. Glass-like. 

VITRIFACTION (vit-ri-fak'shun), n. Act or 
process of converting into glass, or of making 
glass. 

VITRIFY (vit'ri-fi), v. [pr.p. VITRIFYING; p.t. 
and p.p. VITRIFIED (vit'ri-fid).] I. vt. Make 
into, or coat with, glass. II. vi. Recome glass. 
[L. vitrum, glass, and facio, make.] 

VITRLNE (vit'rin), n. Glass showcase. 

VITRIOL (vit'ri-ul), n. 1. Sulphuric acid; oil 
of vitriol. 2. Soluble sulphate of a metal; 
green vitriol= sulphate of iron, blue vitriol= 
sulphate of copper, white vitriol= sulphate of 
zinc. [Fr. — It. vitriuolo — L. vitrum, glass, 
from its glassy appearance.] 

VITRIOLIC (vit-ri-olik), a. 1. Derived from a 
vitriol. 2. Corrosive; caustic. 

VITROTYPE (vit'ro-tlp), n. Picture photo- 
graphed on glass or earthenware and burned in. 

VITTA (vit'a), n. [pi. VIT'T^:). 1. Headband; 
fillet. 2. Oil-tube in fruit of some plants. 

VITULINE (vit'u-lin), a. Pertaining to, or like, 
a calf. 

VITUPERABLE (vi-tu'per-a-bl), a. Deserving 
of censure. 

VITUPERATE (vi-tu'per-at), vt. [pr.p. VITU'- 
PERATING; p.t. and p.p. VITUPERATED.] 
Censure; scold. [L. vitupero — vitium, fault, 
and paro, set out.] 

VITUPERATION (vi-tu-per-a'shun), n. Act of 
vituperating; abuse. 

VIVA (ve'va), inter j. Long live ! Often used sub- 
stantively; as, the vivas of the crowd. [It.] 

VIVACIOUS (vi-va'shus), a. Lively; active; 
sportive. [L. vivax — vivo, live.] 

VIVACIOUSLY (vi-va'shus-li), adv. In a viva- 
cious manner; with vivacity. 

VIVACIOUSNESS (vi-va'shus-nes), n. Same as 
VIVACITY. 

VIVACITY (vi-vas'i-ti), n. Liveliness of man- 
ner or character; animation; cheerfulness. 

VIVANDIERE (ve-vang-dyar'), n. Female 
sutler. [Fr.] 

VIVARIUM (vi-va'ri-um), n. Place where living 
animals are kept, as a park, warren, or the 
like. [L. virus, alive.] 



VI VAT (vi'vat; Fr. ve'va), inter j. Long live! 
Sometimes used substantively like VIVA. [L.] 

VIVA VOCE (vi'va vo'se). By word of mouth. 
[L„ by the living voice.] 

VIVE (vev), inter j. Long live! [Fr.] 

VIVERRINE (vi-ver'in), n. A carnivorous ani- 
mal of many species, including the weasel, 
genet, etc. [L. viverra, ferret.] 

VIVES (vivz), n. 1. Parotid gland of the horse. 
2. Morbid swelling of that gland. [O. Fr. — Sp. 
avivas — Ar. addhiba — al dhiba, she-wolf.] 

VIVD3 (viv'id), a. Life-like; animated; forming 
brilliant images in the mind. [L. vividus — 
vivo, live.] 

SYN. Active; intense; sprightly; clear; 
lucid; strong. ANT. Dull; somber; obscure. 

VIVIFY (viv'i-fi), vt. [pr.p. VIVIFYING; p.t. and 
p.p. vrviFIED (viv'i-fid).] Make alive; indue 
with life. [Fr. vivifier — L. vivus, alive, and 
facio, make.] 

VIVIPAROUS (vi-vip'a-rus), a. Producing 
young alive, not by hatching from eggs. [L. 
vivus, alive, and pario, produce.] 

VIVISECT (viv-i-sekt), v. [pr.p. VIVISECTING; 
p.t. and p.p. VIVISECTED.] I. vt. Dissect 
the living body of. II. vi. Practice vivisec- 
tion. [L. vivus, living, and sectus, p.p. of seco, 
cut.] 

VIVISECTION (viv-i-sek'shun), n. 1. Dissection 
of a living animal. 2. Practice of experiment- 
ing upon living animals by means of anatomic 
dissection. 

VIXEN (viks'n), n. 1. She-fox. 2. Ill-tem- 
pered woman. [A. S. fixen, she-fox.] 

VIZ. (viz), adv. Videlicet. [Originally, vi&, the & 
being a sign of contrac tion equivalent to a period. 

VIZIER (vi-zer')j n. Turkish minister or coun- 
cilor of state. [Ar. wazir, burden-bearer.] 

VIZOR (viz'ur), n. Protecting piece on a cap or 
helmet, shielding the eyes; visor. [See VISOR.] 

Vladivostok (vm-de-vos-tok'), n. seaport 

of Asiatic Russia, on the Sea of Japan. 

VOCARLE (vo'ka-bl), n. 1. Word. 2. Musical 
note. [L. vocabulum — voco, call.] 

VOCARULARY (vo-kab'u-la-ri), n. [pi. VOCAB'- 
ULARIES.] 1. List of words explained in 
alphabetical order. 2. Range or extent of 
language at command. [L. L. vocabularium.] 

VOCAL (vo'kal), a. 1. Pertaining to, or having, 
a voice. 2. Uttered or changed by the voice. 
[L. vocalis — vox, voice.] 

VOCALIST (vo'kal-ist), n. Singer. 

VOCALIZATION (vo-kal-i-za'shun), n. Act of 
vocalizing or state of being vocalized. 

VOCALIZE (vo'kal-iz), vt. [pr.p. VOCALIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. VOCALIZED (vo'kal-izd).] Make 
vocal; form into voice. 

VOCALLY (vo'kal-i), adv. 1. In a vocal man- 
ner; with voice. 2. In words; verbally. 

VOCATION (vo-ka'shun), n. 1. Calling; occu- 
pation. 2. Fitness for, or spiritual call to, a 
religious career. [L. vocatio — voco, call.] 

VOCATIVE (vok'a-tiv), I. a. Used in calling. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u m Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, k.h=ch in Scotch lock. ' 



VOCIFERATE 



1193 



VOLTITE 



II. n. Case of a word used in addressing or 
calling. 
VOCIFERATE (vo-sif'er-at), v. [pr,p. VOCIF'ER- 
ATING; p.t. and p.p. VOCIF'ERATED.] I. vt. 

Shout out. II. vi. Utter anything loudly; 
bawl. [L. vociferatus, p.p. of vociferor, cry out.] 
VOCIFERATION (vo-sif-er-a'shun), n. Act of 
vociferating or the sound vociferated. 

VOCIFEROUS (vo-sif'er-us), a. Shouting; 
clamorous; bawling. 

VOCIFEROUSLY (vo-sif'er-us-li), adv. In a 
vociferous manner. 

VODKA (vodka), n. Rye whiskey. [Russ.j 

VOGUE (vog), n. Temporary fashion. [Fr. 
voguer, roll as a wave.] 

VOICE (vois), n. 1. Sound from the mouth. 2. 
Sound given out by anything. 3. Sound pro- 
duced by vibration of the vocal cords, not mere 
breath. 4. Language; expression; expressed 
opinion; vote. 5. Speaker; mouthpiece. 6. 
Gram. Mode of inflecting verbs, as being ac- 
tive or passive. [O. Fr. vois — L. vox, vocis.] 

VOICE (vois), vt. [pr.p. VOICING; p.t. and p.p. 
VOICED (voist).] 1. Utter; proclaim. 2. Regu- 
late the tones of; tune. 

VOICED (voist), a. 1. Having a voice; ex- 
pressed by a voice. 2. Uttered with voice, not 
only with breath (sonant), as 6, p, d, and thin 
thine, in distinction from voiceless or surd /, 
and th in thick. 

VOID (void), I. a. 1. Unoccupied; empty. 2. 
Having no binding force. 3. Wanting. 4. 
Vain. II. n. Empty space. [O. Fr. void — L. 
viduus, widowed.] 

SYN. Vacant; unfilled; unengaged; des- 
titute; devoid; lacking; ineffectual; useless; 
null. ANT. Full; occupied; valid. 

VOID (void), vt. [pr.p. VOID'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
VOID'ED.] 1. Make vacant. 2. Send out; dis- 
charge. 3. Render of no effect. 

VOIDABLE (void'a-bl), a. Capable of being 
voided. 

VOLANT (vo'lant), a. Flying; nimble. [Fr. 
pr.p. of voler — L. volo, fly.] 

VoLAPUK (vo-la-piik'), n. Artificial universal 
language, constructed by J. M. Schleyer, of 
Constance, Baden, about 1879. It consists of 
Latin, German and English ingredients. 
[Volaptik, world-language.] 

VOLATILE (vola-til), a. 1. Apt to evaporate. 
2. Flighty; apt to change. [L. volatilis — volo, 

fly.] 

VOLATILENESS (vol'a-til-nes), n. Same as 
VOLATILITY. 

VOLATILITY (vol-a-til'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being volatile. 

VOLATILIZATION (vol-a-til-i-za'shun), n. Act 
or process of volatilizing or state of being 
volatilized. 

VOLATILIZE (vol'a-til-Iz), v. [pr.p. VOL'ATDL- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. VOLATILIZED (vol'a-til- 
izd).] I. vt. Render volatile. II. vi. 1. Be- 
come volatile. 2. Evaporate. 



VOLCANIC (vol-kan'ik), a. Produced by, per- 
taining to, or resembling, a volcan'o. 

VOLCANISM (vol'kan-izm), n. Phenomena of 
volcanoes, earthquakes, hot springs, etc. 

VOLCANO (vol-ka'no), n. [pi. VOLCA'NOES.] 
Mountain emitting smoke, fire, lava, etc. It is 
called active, when in eruption, dormant, during 
intervals between eruptions, and extinct when 
it ceases altogether to be active. [It. — L. 
Vulcanus, god of fire.] 

VOLGA (vol'ga), n. River of Russia which falls 
into the Caspian Sea. 

VOLITION (vd-lish'un), n. Elective preference; 
exercise of the will. tL. L. volitio.] 

VOLITIONAL (vd-lish'un -al), a. Of, pertaining 
to, or characterized by, volition. 

VOLKSLIED (folks'let), n. Popular song; folk- 
song. [Ger.] 

VOLLEY (vol'i), n. 1. Discharge of many small- 
arms at once; also the missiles discharged. 2. 
Outburst of many things at once, especially 
when noisy. 3. Lawn-tennis. A return of the 
ball before it touches the ground. [Fr. volee, 
flight of missiles — voler — L. volo, fly.] 

VOLLEY (vol'i), v. [pr.p. VOL'LEYING; p.t. and 
p.p. VOLLEYED (vol' id).] I. vt . Discharge 
in, or as in, a volley. II. vi. Sound like a 
volley of artillery. 

VOLPLANE (vol'plan), vt. See GLIDE. 

VOLT (volt), n. 1. In fencing, sudden move- 
ment or leap to avoid a thrust. 2. Gait of two 
treads made by a horse going sideways round a 
center. [Fr. volte — It. volta — L. volvo, turn.] 

VOLT (volt), n. Elec. Unit of electromotive 
force (E. M. F.), being a little less than the 
E. M. F. of a Daniell cell. It carries one am- 
pere of current against one ohm of resistance, 
or it would charge a condenser of one farad ca- 
pacity with one coulomb of quantity. [After 
A. Volta, Italian electrician.] 

VOLTAGE (volt'aj), n. Elec. Electromotive 
force expressed in volts. 

VOLTAIC (vol-ta'ik), a. Pertaining to Volta, an 
Italian physicist who, about 1800, 
first produced an electric current by 
chemical action upon one of two 
united plates of dissimilar metals; 
also pertaining to electricity gener- 
ated by Volta's method. — Voltaic 
pile, column of disks of zinc and cop- 
per laid alternately and separated by 
moistened paper. 

VOLTAIS3I (vol'ta-izm), n. Galvan- 
ism. 

VOLT-AMMETER (volt'am-e-ter), n. 

Volt-meter combined with a trans- Voltaic Pile 
former, used for measuring the in- 
tensity in amperes, or the potential in volts, 
of an alternating current. 

VOLTIGEUR (vol-ti-zhur'), n. One who vaults 
or jumps. [Fr.] 

VOLTITE (vol'tit), n. An insulating material 
for electric wires. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, 1&h=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



VOLT-3IETER 



1194 



VOTIVELY 




Water Volt- 
meter. 

a, b, c. Tubes with 
acidulated water. 
a, b. Emptied 
of air. Platinum 
plates in a and b, 
connected with 
battery at d- The 
amount of hy- 
drogen appear- 
ing in b and ox- 
ygen in a in a 
given time meas- 
ures the quantity 
of electric cur- 
rent. 



VOLT-METER (volt'me-ter), n. Instrument for 
direct measurement of difference 
of potential in volts. 

VOLUBILITY (vol-u-bil'i-ti), n. 
Quality or state of being voluble. 

VOLUBLE (vol'u-bl), a. 1. Easy 
to roll or move; flowing smoothly. 
2. Fluent in speech. [L. volu- 
hilis — volvo, roll.] 

VOLUBLY (vol'u-bli), adv. In a 
voluble manner. 

VOLUCRINE (vol'u-krin), a. Of 
or pertaining to birds. [L. volu- 
cris, bird.] 

VOLUME (vol'um), n. 1. Book; 
scroll; tome. 2. Space occupied; 
dimensions. 3. Fullness of voice. 
IL. volumen, roll.] 

VOLUME (vol'um), v. [pr.p. VOL- 
UMING; p.t. and p.p. VOLUMED 
(vol'umd).] I. vt. Gather in a 
volume. II. vi. Swell; as, the 
music volumed through the hall. 

VOLUMED (vol'umd), a. Consisting 
of so many volumes. 

VOLUMINOUS (vo-lo'mi-nus), a. 1. Consisting 
of many volumes, or of many coils or folds. 2. 
Having written much. 

VOLUNTARILY (vol-un-ta'ri-li), adv. In a vol- 
untary manner; freely. 

VOLUNTARINESS (vol'un-ta-ri-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being voluntary. 

VOLUNTARY (vol'un-ta-ri), I. a. 1. Willing; 
acting by choice; free. 2. Done by design or 
without compulsion. II. n. 1. One who 
does anything of his own free will. 2. Piece 
of music not prescribed by the ritual. [L. vol- 
untarius — voluntas, will.] 

VOLUNTEER (vol-un-ter'), n. One who enters 
a service of his own free choice. [Fr. volun- 
taire — L. voluntarius, voluntary.] 

VOLUNTEER (vol-un-ter), v. [pr.p. VOLUN- 
TEERING; p.t. and p.p. VOLUNTEERED (vol- 
un-terd').] I. vt. Bestow, give or offer vol- 
untarily, as services, money, time or the like. 
II. vi. Offer to serve as a volunteer. 

VOLUPTUARY (vo-lup'tu-a-ri), n. [pi. VO- 
LUP'TUARIES.] One excessively given to 
bodily enjoyments or luxury; sensualist; epi- 
cure. [L. voluptuarius — voluptas, pleasure.] 

VOLUPTUOUS (vo-lup'tu-us), a. 1. Full of , or 
producing, sensual pleasure. 2. Given to ex- 
cess of pleasure; sensuous. [L. voluptuosus — 
voluptas, pleasure.] 

VOLUPTUOUSLY (vo-lup'tu-us-li), adv. In a 
voluptuous manner. 

VOLUPTUOUSNESS (vo-lup'tu-us-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being voluptuous. 

VOLUTE (vo-lut), n. Spiral scroll used in capi- 
tals of columns of Ionic order. [Fr. — L. 
volvo, volutum, roll.] 

VOLUTED (vo-lu'ted), a. Having a volute or 
spiral scroll. 



VOLVULUS (vol'vu-lus), n. The twisting of 
an intestine or of two intestines, causing an 
obstruction. [L. volvo, roll.] 

VOMER (vo'mer), n. Thin, flat bone separating 
the nostrils. [L.] 

VOMIT (vomit), v. [pr.p. VOMITING; p.t. and 
p.p. VOMITED.] I. vt. Throw up from the 
stomach by the mouth; spew out. II. vi. 
Eject the contents of the stomach by the 
mouth. [L. vomo.] 

VOMIT (vom'it), n. 1. Matter ejected from the 
stomach. 2. Something that excites vomit- 
ing. 

VOMITORY (vom'i-to-ri), I. a. Causing to 
vomit. II. n. 1. Emetic. 2. Door of a 
large building by which the crowd is let out. 
[L vomitorius.] 

VOODOO (vo'do) n. One who practices voodoo- 
ism. 

VOODOO (vo'do), vt. [pr.p. VOO'DOOING; p.t. 
and p.p. VOODOOED (vo'dod).] Practice voo- 
dooism; bewitch. 

VOODOOISM (vo'do-izm), n. Superstitious 
practices among the negroes of Haiti and cer- 
tain portions of the southern United States, 
involving snake -worship, sorcery, witchcraft 
and cannibalism — brought originally from 
Africa. [Etym. unknown.] 

VORACIOUS (vo-ra/shus), a. Eager to devour; 
greedy; very hungry. [L. vorax.] 

VORACIOUSLY (vo-ra'shus-li), adv. In a vora- 
cious manner. 

VORACIOUSNESS (vo-ra'shus-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being voracious. 

VORACITY (vo-ras'i-ti), n. Same as VORA- 
CIOUSNESS. 

VORTEX (var'teks), n. [pi. VORTICES (var'ti- 
sez) or VORTEXES.] Whirl of a fluid; eddy; 
whirlpool. [L. verto, turn.] 

VORTICAL (var'ti-kal), a. Whirling. 

VORTICOSE (var'ti-kos), a. 1. Whirling. 2. 
Arranged in whorls. 

VORTIGINOUS (var-tij'i-nus), a. Whirling. 
[See VERTIGO.] 

VOTARY (vo'ta-ri), I. a. Bound or consecra- 
ted by a vow. II. n. [pi. VOTARIES.] 1. 
One devoted, as by a vow, to some service or 
manner of life. 2. Worshiper, as of an art or 
person. [L.L. votarius — L. voveo, votutn, vow.] 

VOTE (vot), n. 1. Formal expression of a wish 
or opinion. 2. That by which a choice is ex- 
pressed, as a ballot. 3. Decision by a major- 
ity. [L. votum — voveo, vow.] 

VOTE (vot), v. [pr.p. VOTING; p.t. and p.p. 
VO'TED.J I. vt. 1. Choose, enact, grant, 
etc., by a vote. 2. Characterize; declare. II. 
vi. Exercise the right of suffrage; cast a ballot. 

VOTER (vo'ter), n. One who votes or is legally 
entitled to vote. 

VOTIVE (vo'tiv), a. Given by vow; vowed. — 
Votive offering, picture or the like, dedicated 
in fulfillment of a vow. [L. votivus.] 

VOTIVELY (vo'tiv-li), adv. In a votive manner. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. ' 



VOTOGRAPH 



1195 



VYING 



VOTOGRAPH (vo'to-graf), n. Machine for re- 
ceiving and counting votes. [VOTE and 
-GRAPH.] 

VOUCH (vowch), v. [pr.p. VOUCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. VOUCHED (vowcht).] I. vt. 1. Call to wit- 
ness. 2. Maintain by repeated affirmations. 
3. Warrant; be surety for. II. vi. Bear wit- 
ness. [O. Fr. vocher — L. voco, call.] 

SYN. Avouch; affirm; assert; attest; aver; 
confirm; declare; support; back; second. 
ANT. Demur; repudiate; abjure. 

VOUCHER (vowch'er), n. 1. One who vouches. 
2. Paper which confirms the truth of anything, 
as an account. 

VOUCHSAFE (vowch-saf), vt. [pr.p. VOUCH- 
SAFING; p.t. and p.p. VOUCHSAFED 
(vowch-saft').] Sanction; allow without dan- 
ger; condescend to grant. [VOUCH and SAFE.] 

VOUSSOIR (vo-swar'), n. Wedge-shaped stone 
in an arch. [Fr. — L. volutus.] 

VOW (vow), n. 1. Solemn promise to God, 
or to some deity or saint. 2. Formal promise 
of fidelity or affection. [O. Fr. vou — L. votum — 
voveo, vow.] 

VOW (vow), v. [pr.p. VOWING; p.t. and p.p. 
VOWED (vowd).] I. vt. 1. Promise solemn- 
ly. 2. Threaten or denounce solemnly. II. 
vi. 1. Make a vow or solemnly promise. 2. 
Asseverate or protest solemnly. 

VOWEL, (vow'el), I. n. Resonant tone-sound 
produced by vibration of the vocal cords, dif- 
' f erentiated by various positions of the mouth- 
organs. The English vowels a,e, i, o, u, origi- 
nally represented the sounds as in far, prey, 
pique, pole, rule. II. a. Vocal; pertaining to 
a vowel. [Fr. voyelle — L. vocalis — vox, voice.] 

VOWEL-GRADATION (vow'el-gra-da-shun), n. 
Change of vowel in conjugation, as in drink, 
drank, drunk; ablaut. 

VOWELIZE (vow'el-Iz), vt. [pr.p. VOW'ELI- 
ZING; p.t. and p.p. VOWELIZED (vow'el-Izd).] 
Add vowel signs to, as shorthand or a Hebrew 
text. 

VOWEL-MUTATION (vow'el-mu-ta-shun), n. 
Change of vowel in declension as in man, men; 
umlaut. 

VOYAGE (voi'aj) n. Passage by water; journey. 
[Fr. — L. viaticum, traveling-money.] 

VOYAGE (voi'aj), vi. [pr.p. VOYAGING; p.t. 
and p.p. VOYAGED (voi'ajd).] Make a voyage. 

VOYAGEUR (vwa-ya-zhur')» n. Traveling por- 
ter or carrier in Canada; fur trader. [Fr.] 

VULCAN (vulkan),n. Rom. Myth. God of fire 
and of metal working; the son of Jupiter and 
Juno; he offended Jupiter, was by him thrown 
out of heaven, and dropped with such violence 
that he broke his leg, and was lame forever 
after; was married to Venus. 

VULCANITE (vul'kan-it), n. Hard vulcanized 
India rubber; ebonite. 

VULCANIZE (vulkan-Iz), vt. [pr.p. VULCAN- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. VULCANIZED (vul'kan- 
izd).] Treat (India rubber) with sulphur, and 



"cure" in heat, 250° to 300° F., rendering it 
more elastic and stronger. [L. Vulcanus.] 

VULGAR (vul'gar), «. 1. Pertaining to, or used 
by, the common people; plebeian. 2. In gen- 
eral use; common. 3. Lacking refinement; 
inelegant. 4. Offensive to good taste. — Vul- 
gar fraction, common fraction, as f. [L. vul- 
garis — vulgus, the people.] 

VULGARIAN (vul-ga'ri-an), n. One with vul- 
gar taste or manners; said especially of the 
vulgar rich. 

VULGARISM (vul'gar-izm), n. 1. Vulgarity. 
2. Vulgar phrase or expression. 

VULGARITY (vul-gar'i-ti), n. Quality or state 
of being vulgar; coarseness. 

VULGARIZE (vul'gar-iz), v. [pr.p. VULGAR- 
IZING; p.t. and p.p. VULGARIZED (vul'gar- 
izd).] I. vt. Make vulgar. II. vi. Act in a 
vulgar manner. 

VULGARNESS (vul'gar-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being vulgar; vulgarity. 

VULGATE (vul'gat), n. 1. Ancient Latin ver- 
sion of the Scriptures, translated from A. D. 
383-405, and accepted as the only authentic 
version by the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 
[v-] Popular or vulgar language; vernacular. 
[L. vulgatus, commonly used.] 

VULGUS (vul'gus), n. The common people; the 
rabble; crowd. [L.] 

VULNERABILITY (vul-ner-a-bil'i-ti), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being vulnerable. 

VULNERABLE (vul'ner-a-bl), a. 
injury. 2. Liable to attack; 
vulnerabilis — vulnus, wound.] 

VULNERARY (vul'ner-a-ri), a. 
wounds; useful in healing wounds. 
arius — vulnus, wound.] 

VULNEROSE (vul'ner-ds), a. 
fering from many wounds. 

VULNUS (vul'nus), n. [pi. VUL'NERA.] A 
wound. [L. vulnus, vul- 
neris.] 

VULPINE (vul'pin), a. Re- 
lating to or like the fox; 
cunning. [L. vulpes, fox.] 

VULTURE (vul'tur),«. Large, 
rapacious bird of prey. The 
king vulture ( Gyparchus pa- 
pa) of Central and South 
America, excepting the con- 
dor, is the largest bird that 
flies. [L. vultur — vello, 
pluck, tear.] 

VULTURINE (vul'tur-in), 
VULTURISH (vul'- 
tur-ish), o. Like the 
vulture; rapacious. 

VULVA (vul'va), n. 
Orifice in external 
organ of generation 
of the female. [L. 
covering.] 

VYING (vi'ing), v. Present participle of VIE. 



1. Liable to 
assailable. [L. 

Pertaining to 
[L. vulner- 



Wounded; suf- 




King Vulture. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her: mite, mit; note noD, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



w 



1196 



WAG 



ll'V-i 

It 





W(dub'l-u), n. [pZ. W'S (dub'l- 
uz).] Twenty-third letter of the 
alphabet. It represents two 
sounds: (1) The distinctive 
sound which it has at the be- 
ginning of a syllable, and when 
followed by a vowel, as in was, 
forward; (2) at the end of syl- 
lables, in which position it is 
always preceded by a vowel, it has either no 
force at all (or at most only serves to broaden 
the vowel), as in law, lawful, etc., or it serves 
really as a vowel, as in grew, crew, etc., where 
it has the sound of long double o (o), or forms 
the second element in a diphthong, as in few, 
new, now, vow, etc., being in such cases equiv- 
alent to the u in neutral, bough, etc. In some 
words it is silent, as answer, blow, who, toward, 
two, and is always silent before r in the same 
syllable, as write, wry, etc. 

WAAPA (wa-a'pa), n. Hawaiian canoe or skiff. 
[Native name.] 

WABASH (wa'bash), n. River in Ohio, Indiana, 
Illinois, tributary of the Ohio. 

WABBLE (wob'l), vi. [pr.p. WABBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WABBLED (wob'ld).] 1, Incline to 
the one side and to the other alternately, as a 
wheel, top, or pendulum, when not properly 
balanced. 2. Be changeable; vacillate. (Colloq.) 
[Ger. wabbeln. Akin to WAVE.] 

WABBLE (wob'l) n. Rocking, unequal motion. 

WABBLY (wob'li) a. Inclined to wabble. 

WACKE (wak'e), n. A kind of clayey rock. 
[Ger.] 

WAD (wod), n. Small mass of soft or flexible 
matter thrust close together, as hay, tow, pa- 
per, etc. [A. S. wo3d. Cf. Ger. watte, wadding.] 

WAD (wod), vt. [pr.p. WADDING; p.t. and p.p. 
WADDED.] 1. Form into a wad. 2. Stuff a 
wad into. 3. Line with wadding. 

WaDAI (wa-di')» n. Negro state in Central Sou- 
dan. Area 170,000 sq. m. 

WADDIE, WADDT (wad'i), n. Australian name 
for a thick club. 

WADDIE, WADDT (wad'i), vt. [pr.p. WAD'- 
DYING; p.t. and p.p. WADDIED (wad'id).] 
Strike with a waddie. [Austral.] 

WADDING (wod'ing), n. 1. Material for wads. 
2. Carded cotton for padding garments, etc. 
[See WAD.] 

WADDLE (wod'l), vi. [pr.p. WAD'DLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WADDLED (wod'ld).] Take short 
steps and move from side to side in walking. 
[From WADE.] 

WADDLE (wod'l) , n. Act of waddling. 

WADDLER (wod'ler), n. One who or that which 
waddles. 

WADE (wad), v. [pr.p. WADING; p.t. and 
p.p. WADED.] I. vi. 1. Walk through a 
substance, difficulty, or labor. II. vt. Cross 
by wading; as, to wade a brook. [A. S. wadan.] 

WADE (wad), n. 1. Act of wading. 2. Wading 
place; shallow; shoal; ford. (Colloq.) 



that 




Wader (stilt). 



WADER (wa'der), n. 1. One 
which wades. 

2. Long-legged 
bird that wades 
in water 9 as a 
heron, stork, 
stilt, snipe, etc. 

3. Combination, 
waterproof boot 
and legging, 
worn in fly- 
fishing. 

WADT (wod'i), n. 
Dry bed of a 
torrent. [Ar. 
wadi. Cf. Sp. 
guad-, the first 
syllable of many 
Spanish river names.] 

WAFER (wa'fer), n. 1. Thin disk of dried 
paste, sometimes colored, used in sealing 
letters, etc. 2. Thin disk of dried paste, used 
as a capsule for administering medicine. 3. 
Thin circular piece of unleavened bread used 
in the administration of the Eucharist. 4. Thin 
light biscuit or cracker. 5. Photog. Thin flat 
cake of chemicals for use in developing dry 
plates. [O. Fr. waufre.] 

WAFER (wa'fer), vt. [pr.p. WA'FERING; p.t. 
and p.p. WAFERED (wa'ferd).] 1. Seal or 
close with a wafer. 2. Attach with a wafer or 
wafers. 

WAFFLE (wof'l), n. Kind of batter- cake cooked 
in waffle-irons. [Ger. waff el.] 

WAFFLE-IRONS (wof'1-I-urnz), n.pl. Cooking 
utensil having two 
hinged portions with 
indenting projections 
on the inner sides, be- 
tween which the batter 
is placed, and cooked 
by turning the respect- 
ive sides to the fire. 

WAFT (waft), v. [pr.p. 
WAFTING; p.t. and 
p.p. WAFTED.] I. vt. 
Move through a fluid 
medium, as air or wa- 
ter. II. vi. Float; fly, [From WAVE.] 

WAFT (waft), n. 1. Floating body. 2. Signal 
made by moving something, as a flag, in the 
air. 

WAFT AGE (waft'aj), n. Act of wafting or state 
of being wafted. 

WAFTER (waft'er), n. One who or that which 
wafts. 

WAFTURE (waf'tur), n. 1. Waving motion; 
beckoning. 2. Conveyance by waftingo 3. 
Thing wafted, as an odor. 

WAG (wag), v. [pr.p. WAGGING; p.t. and p.p. 
WAGGED (wagd).] I. vt. Cause to move up 
and down, backward and forward, or from side 
to side alternately. II. vi. Move backward 




Waffle-irons. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=tt in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



WAG 



1197 



WAIVE 



and forward, up and down, or from side to side 

alternately. [A. S. wegan, move.] 
WAG (wag), n. 1. Act or motion of wagging. 2. 

Droll, humorous fellow. 
WAGE (waj), vt. [pr.p. WA'GING; p.t. and p.p. 

WAGED (wajd).] 1. Pledge. 2. Engage in 

and carry on vigorously, as war. 3. Venture. 

[O. Fr. wager (Fr. gager), pledge.] 
WAGE (waj), n. 1. Pay for services; hire; now 

generally used in the plural. 2. Formerly, a 

pledge or gage. 

SYN. Earnings; fee; remuneration; sti- 
pend; pay; salary. ANT. Gratuity; bonus; 

grace; donation. 
WAGER (wa/jer), n. 1. Something staked on 

an issue. 2. That on which bets are laid. [O. 

Fr. wager, pledge.] 
WAGER (wa'jer), v. [pr.p. WA'GERING; p.t. 

and p.p. WAGERED (wa'jerd).] I. vt. Stake, 

hazard, or risk on the issue of some event, or 

on some question to be decided. II. vi. Make 

a wager or wagers; bet. 
WAGERER (wa'jer-er), n. One who wagers or 

bets. 
WAGES (wa'jez), n.pl. Payment for work done 

or services performed; price paid for labor. 

[O. Fr. wage, pledge.] 
WAGE-WORK (waj'Wurk), n. Labor for which 

wages are paid. 
WAGE-WORKER (waj'wurk-er), n. One who 

is paid wages for his labor. 
WAGGERY (wag'er-i), n. Tricks or manner of 

a wag. 
WAGGISH (wag'ish), a. 1. Like a wag; mis- 
chievous roguish in sport. 2. Done in wag- 
gery. 
WAGGISHLY (wag'ish-li), adv. Tn a waggish 

manner. 
WAGGISHNESS (wag'ish-nes), n. Quality or 

state of being waggish. 
WAGGLE (wag'l), v. [pr.p. WAG'GLING; p.t. 

and p.p. WAGGLED (wag'ld).] I. vt. Cause to 

move from side to side. II. vi. Move from 

side to side quickly and frequently. [Freq. of 

WAG.] 
WAGGLE (wag'l), n. A quick, frequent wagging 

or movement one way and another. 
WAGON (wag'un), n. Four-wheeled vehicle for 

carrying heavy goods. [A.S. 

wmgen.] 
WAGONER (wag'un-er), n. 

One who drives a wagon. 
WAGONETTE (wag-un-ef), 

n. Kind of open carriage 

with seats lengthwise. 
WAGON-JACK (wag'un-jak), 

n. Device for lifting wheels 

of vehicles off . the ground, 

so that they can be adjusted 

or taken off for lubrica- 
ting, repairing, etc. 
WAG ON WRIGHT (wag'un-rit), 

wagons or carriages. 




Wagon-jack. 
n. Maker of 




vi. 
vwla, 



Express sorrow audibly; 
originally to cry woe — ■ 



WAGTAIL (wag'tal) n. Small European bird 
so called because constantly wagging 
its tail when on the ground. 

WAIF (waf), n. 1. Anything 
found astray without an 
owner. 2. Wanderer; out- 
cast. [Akin to 
WAIVE.] 

WAIL (wal) 
[pr.p. WAIL'- 
ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WAILED 
(wald).] I. vt. 
Lament over; 
bewail; 
mourn. II. 
mourn. [Ice, 
vw, woe.] 

WAIL (wal), n. Cry of woe; loud weeping. 

WAILER (wal'er), n. One who wails. 

WAIN (wan), n. 1. Old name for WAGON. 
2. [W-] Astron. The Dipper; Charles's Wain. 
[A. S. wwgen, warn.] 

WAINSCOT (wan'skot), n. Paneled boards on 
the walls of apartments. [Dut. wagen-schot, 
fine oak wood for wagon panels.] 

WAINSCOT (wan'skot), vt. [pr.p. WAIN'SCOT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. WAIN'SCOTED.] Line with, 
or as with, panels. 

WAINSCOTING (wan'skot-ing), n . Materials 
for a wainscot; wainscot. 

WAINWRIGHT (wan'rit), n. Wagonwright. 

WAIST (wast),w. 1. Smallest part of the human 
trunk between the ribs and the hips. 2. Mid- 
dle part of a ship. 3. Garment to cover upper 
part of the body. [A. S. wcestm, form, shape, 
figure.] 

WAISTBAND (wast'band), n. Band which en- 
circles the waist. 

WAISTCOAT (was'kot or wes'kut), n. Short, 
sleeveless garment worn under the coat; vest. 

WAIT (wat), v. [pr.p. WAITING; p.t. and p.p. 
WAIT'ED.l I. vi. 1. Postpone action; stay in 
expectation; remain. 2. (With on) Attend; 
follow. II. vt. Stay for; await. 2. Delay; 
postpone. [O. Fr. waiter (Fr. guetter) — O. Ger. 
wahtan. Cf. Ger. wacht, guard.] 

WAIT (wat), n. 1. Act of waiting; delay; stop; 
halt. 2. One of a band of persons who prome- 
nade the streets of English cities at Christmas 
time singing carols. 

WAITER (wafer), n. [fern. WAIT'RESS.] 1. 
One who waits; attending servant. 2. Salver; 
tray. 

WAITING (wat'ing), n. 1. Act or business of a 
waiter or attendant, or of one who expects. 2. 
Personal attendance on a royal person. 

WAITING-MAID (wat'ing-mad), n. Female at- 
tendant. 

WAITING-ROOM (wat'ing-rom), n. Room for 
the use of persons awaiting trains, or for the 
accommodation and rest of shoppers. 

WAIVE (wav), vt. [pr.p. WAIVING; p.t. and p.p. 



€ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in "Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



WAIVER 



1198 



WALLOP 



WAIVED (wavd).] Relinquish, as a right or 
claim. [O. Fr. weiver, of uncertain origin.] 

WAIVER (waver), n. Act of waiving. 

WAKE (wak), v. [pr.p. WAKING; p.t. and p.p. 
WAKED (wakt) or WOKE (wok).] I. vi. 1. Be 
awake. 2. Cease from sleep. 3. Be roused 
up, active or vigilant. II. vt. 1. Rouse from 
sleep. 2. Revive. 3. Put in action; excite. 
[A. S. wacian. Cf. Ger. wachen, watch. 

WAKE (wak), n. 1. Act of awaking. 2. Re- 
maining awake. 3. The sitting up with a 
corpse. [A. S. wacu, watch.] 

WAKE (wak), n. Streak of smooth water left in 
the track of a ship. — In the wake of, immedi- 
ately after. [Ice. voek. Cf. L. Ger. waak, hole 
in the ice.] 

WAKEFUL (wak'fol), a. 1. Being awake; in- 
disposed to sleep; vigilant. 2. Attended by 
want of sleep. 

WAKEFULLY (wak'fol-i), adv. In a wakeful 
manner. 

WAKEFULNESS (wak'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being wakeful. 

WAKEN (wa'kn), v. [pr.p. WAKENING; p.t. 
and p.p. WAKENED (wa'knd).] I. vt. Excite 
or arouse from sleep; awaken. II. vi. Cease 
from sleeping; wake. [A S. wwcnan.] 

WAKER (wa'ker), n. 1. One who wakes. 2. 
One who takes part in a wake. 

WAKE-ROBIN (wak'rob-in), n. 1. American 
plant of the lily family (genus DrilUum). 2. 
British plant, allied to the Indian turnip. 

WALE (wal), n. 1. Raised streak left by a 
stroke of a whip. 2. Ridge on the surface of 
cloth 3. Plank all along the outer timbers 
on a ship's side. [A. S. walu.] 

WALE (wal), vt. [pr.p. WALING; p.t. and p.p. 
WALED (wald).] Mark with wales. 

WALES (walz), n. Principality in S. W. of Great 
Britain. Area, 7,442 sq. m. 

WALK (wak), v. [pr.p. WALKING; p.t. and p.p. 
WALKED (wakt).] I. vi. 1. Move along on 
foot with alternate steps; pace. 2. Travel on 
foot. 3. Conduct one's self. II. vt. 1. Pass 
through or upon. 2. Cause to walk. [A. S. 
wealcan, roll, turn.] 

WALK (wak), n. 1. Act or manner of walking; 
gait. 2. That in or through which one walks; 
distance walked over; place for walking; path; 
pasture-ground 3. Conduct; course of life. 

WALKER (wak'er), n. One who walks; pedes- 
trian. 

WALKING-BEAM (wak'ing-rbem) n. Heavy 
iron lever in a vertical steam-engine, one end 
of which is connected with the piston and the 
other with the crank of the wheel-shaft. It 
transmits power from the piston to the wheel- 
shaft. 

WALKING-DELEGATE (wak'ing-del-a-gat), n. 
Member of a trade-union delegated to visit 
labor organizations in the interest of the order. 

WALKING-FISH (wak'ing-fish), n. Strangely 
formed fish, a native of the Indian ocean. 



^sy t 



WALKING-STICK (wak'ing-stik), n. 1. Staff 
or cane used in walk- 
ing. 2. Long, slender^ 
insect, resembling a 
dry twig. Walking-stick, 

WALKOUT (wak'owt), n. Trade-union strike; 
the quitting of work by laborers in a body. 

WALKOVER (wak'6-ver), n. Sport. Victory 
without opposition; easily- won success. 

WALL (wal), n. 1. Structure of brick, stone, 
etc., for a fence or security. 2, Side of a 
building. 3. Defense; means of security. [A. 
S. weal — L. vallum, rampart.] 




Remains of Ancient Wall surrounding 
Havana. Cuba. 

WALL (wal), vt. [pr.p. WALLING; p.t. and p.p. 
WALLED (wald).] 1. Inclose with or as with 
a wall. 2. Defend with walls. 

WALLABY (woFa-bi), n. Small species of Aus- 
tralian kangaroo. 

WALLACHIAN (vol-laki-an), I. a. Pertain- 
ing to Wallachia, forming, with Moldavia, the 
kingdom of Roumania. II. n. 1. A native of 
Wallachia. 2. Language of Wallachia. 

WALLAROO (wol-a-ro'), n. Large species of 
Australian kangaroo. 

WALLED (wald), a. Provided with a wall or 
walls; inclosed or fortified with walls. 

WALLET (wol'et), n. 1. Bag for carrying nec- 
essaries on a journey. 2. Pocket-book. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

WALL-EYE (wall), n. 1. Eye in which the iris 
is white or very light- colored. 2. Large star- 
ing eye. [Ice. vagl-eygr — vagi, beam, and eygr, 
having eyes.] 

WALL-EYED (wal id), a. Having wall-eyes. — 
Wall-eyed pike, food-fish {Stizostedion vitre- 
um) of the Great Lakes and Mississippi Valley. 

WALLFLOWER (wal'flow-er), n. 1. Plant 
with fragrant yellow flowers; gillyflower. 2. 
Person who, at a dance, looks on without 
dancing. 

WALL-FRUIT (wal'frot), n. Fruit growing on a 
wall. 

WALL-KNOT (wal'not), n. Interwoven knot at 
the end of a rope. 

WALL-MAP (wal'map), n. Large map for hang- 
ing on the wall of a room. 

WALLOP (wol'up), v. [pr.p. WAL 'LOPING; p.t. 
and p.p. WALLOPED (wol'upt).] I. vt. Flog; 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



WALLOW 



1199 



WAR 




Walrua (Odobenus 
rosmarus) . 



beat. II. vi. 1. Boil violently. 2. Move 
quickly and awkwardly, as a seal. 3. Act 
careelssly or be slovenly. 

WALLOW (wol 6), vi. [pr.p. WALLOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. WALLOWED (wol'od).] Roll one's 
body in the mire or in anything soft and yield- 
ing. [A. S. wealwian, roll round.] 

WALLOW (wol'6), n. 1. Act of wallowing. 2. 
Place where animals wallow. 

WALL-PLATE (wal'plat), n. Horizontal timber 
bearing the ends of joists, etc. 

WALNUT (walnut), n. Any tree of the genus 
Juglans, or its fruit. The English walnut is 
Juglans segia; the American or black walnut 
is Juglans nigra. [A. S. wealh, foreign, and 
hnuiu, nut.] 

WALRUS (wol'rus). n. Large marine carnivo- 
rous mammal of the Arc- 
tic Ocean, very dangerous 
to men in boats. [Dut., 
whale-horse; cogn. with 
A. S. hors-whcel, horse- 
whale, walrus.] 

WALTY (wolti), a. Naut. 
Inclined to roll over. 

WALTZ (waits), n. 1. Dance 
performed by couples, who 
swing around the room to- 
gether with a whirling motion. 2. Music 
composed for such a dance. [Ger. walzer — 
walzen, roll, revolve, waltz.] 

WALTZ (waits), v. [pr.p. WALTZING; p.t. and 
p.p. WALTZED (waltst).] I. vt. Conduct 
round through a waltz, or cause to move round 
as in a waltz. II. vi. 1. Dance a waltz. 2. 
Move as in a waltz. 

WALTZER (walts'er), n. One who waltzes or 
dances a waltz. 

WAMPUM (wom'pum), n. North American In- 
dian name for beads made of shells, and used 
as money, tokens of treaties, and for ornament. 

WAN (won), a. Wanting color; pale and sickly; 
languid. [A. S. wann, pale; prob. — win, strug- 
gle, suffer.] 

WAND (wond), n. 1. Slender rod. 2. Rod of 
authority, or of conjurers. [Dan. vaand.] 

WANDER (won'der), vi. [pr.p. WANDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. WANDERED (won'derd).] 1. 
Ramble with no definite object; go astray; de- 
part from the subject; leave home. 2. Be de- 
lirious. [A. S. tvandrian. Cf. Ger. wandern. 
Allied to WEND and WIND, turn round.] 

WANDERER (won'der-er), n. 1. One who or 
that which wanders. 2. One who strays from 
the path of duty. 

WANDERLUST (van'der-lost), n. Natural im- 
pulse to travel or roam from place to place; 
craze for travel. [Ger. wandern, wander, 
and lust, desire.] 

WANDEROO (won-der-o), n. Catarrhine mon- 
key about two feet in height, inhabiting the 
southern part of Hindustan. [Cinghalese wan- 
deru, monkey.] 



WANE (wan) vi. [pr.p. WANING; p.t. and 
p.p. WANED (wand).] Decrease; decline; fail; 
opposed to WAX. [A. S. wanian.] 

WANE (wan), n. 1. Act or state of waning; de- 
cline. 2. Decrease of the illuminated part of 
the moon to the spectator's eye; period of such 
decrease. 

WANLY (won'li), adv. 1. In a wan or pale 
manner. 2. Wastingly. 

WANNESS (won'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being wan; paleness. 

WANT (want), n. 1. State of being without 
anything; absence of what is needful or de- 
sired. 2. Occasion for something; need; ne- 
cessity. 3. That which is not possessed but is 
necessary or desired. [Ice. vanta.] 

SYN. Dearth; deficiency; destitution; 
need; scarcity; lack; poverty; defect; fail- 
ure; indigence. ANT. Supply; sufficiency; 
abundance; adequacy. 

WANT (want), v. [pr.p. WANTING; p.t. and 
p.p. WANTED.] I. vt. 1. Be without; lack. 
2. Be deficient in. 3. Have occasion for; 
need; require. 4. Feel a desire for; crave. 5. 
Desire the presence or assistance of. II. vi. 1. 
Be lacking. 2. Be deficient. 3. Be missed. 
4. Be in need or want. 5. Be desirous or 
disposed; wish. 

WANTING (want'ing), a. 1. Absent. 2. De- 
ficient. 

WANTON (wan'tun), I. a. 1. Moving or playing 
unrestrainedly; frisky. 2. Recklessly inconsid- 
erate. 3. Wandering from rectitude; licentious. 
II. n. 1- Lewd person. 2. Trifler; spoiled 
pet. [A. S. wan, deficient, and towen for togen, 
p.p. of teon, draw, educate or train.] 

WANTON (won'tun), v. [pr.p. WANTONING; 
p.t. and p.p. WANTONED (won'tund).] I. vt. 
Waste or spend in wantonness. II. vi. 1. 
Frolic ; play sportively. 2. Grow luxuriantly. 

WANTONLY (wan'tun-li), adv. In a wanton 
manner. 

WANTONNESS (wan'tun-es), n. 1. Quality or 
state of being wanton. 2. Wanton act or deed. 

WAPITI (wap'i-ti), n. American red deer erro- 
neously called elk. [Am. 
Ind. wapitik.] 

WAPPATO (wop'a-to), n. 
Edible tuber of a species 
of arrowhead [Am. Ind.] 

WAR (war) n. 1. State of 
opposition or contest. 2. 
Contest between states, 
carried on by arms. 3. 
Profession of arms. — 
War Department, the de- 
partment of the Govern- 
ment of the United States 
which is under the super- 
vision of the Secretary of War. 

WAR (war), vi. [pr.p. WARRING; p.t and p.p. 
WARRED (ward).] 1. Make or carry on war. 
2. Contend; strive. 




Wapiti (Cervus cana- 
densis) . 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WARBLE 



1200 



WARMOUTH 



WARBLE (war'bl), v. [pr.p. WARBLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WARBLED (war'bld).] I. vt. Utter 
or sing in a trilling or wavering manner. II. 
vi. Carol or sing with smoothly gliding notes; 
trill. [O. Fr. werbler — Ger. wirbeln, whirl.] 

WARBLE (war'bl), n. Vibrating modulation of 
the voice. 

WARBLE (war'bl), n. 1. A hot, or the tumor 
which it causes. 2. Hard swelling on a 
horse's back, produced by the galling of the 
saddle. [Etym. doubtful.] 

WARBLER (war' bier), n. One who or that 
which warbles; specifically, any of various spe- 
cies of singing birds or songsters. 

WAR-CLOUD (war'klowd), n. Something that 
threatens waf. 

WAR-CLUB (war'klub), n. Club used by sav- 
ages in war. 

WAR-COLLEGE (war'kol-ej), n. College for 
military instruction. — Army War- College, a 
department of the United States military edu- 
cational establishment authorized by Congress 
In 1900, another department being the Naval 
War- College. 




U. S. War-College at Washington, D. C. 

WAR-CRY (war'kri), n. Watchword or rallying 
cry in war, or in any contest. 

WARD (ward), v. [pr.p. WARD'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WARDED.] I. vt. 1. Guard, or take 
care of; keep in safety. 2. Fend off. II. vi, 

1. Act on the defensive. 2. Keep guard. [A. S. 
weardian.] 

WARD (ward), n. 1. Act of warding; watch. 

2. One who or that which wards or defends. 

3. State of being guarded; custody. 4. Means 
of guarding. 5. One who is under a guardian. 
6. Division of a city, hospital, etc. 7. That 
which guards a lock, or hinders any but the 
right key from opening it; also, the corre- 
sponding notch in the bit of the key. 8. Place 
of confinement; prison. 

-WARD, -WARDS, suffix. Denotes motion or 
direction to. [A. S. weard.] 

WAR-DANCE (war'dans), n. Dance engaged in 
by savages before a warlike expedition. 

WARDEN (ward'n), n. Keeper, especially the 
chief officer in State penal institutions. [O. E. 
wardein (Fr. gardien).] 

WARDENSHIP (ward'n-ship), n. Office or ju- 
risdiction of a warden. 

WARDER (ward'er), n. 1. Keeper; guard. 2. 
Staff of command. 



WARDROBE (ward'rob), n. 1. Room or port- 
able closet for clothes. 2. Wearing apparel. 

WARDROOM (ward'rom), n, Messroom of the 
officers of a warship. 

WARDSHIP (.wardship), n. 1. Office of a 
guardian. 2. State of being under a guardian. 

WARE (war), vt. Beware of; now only used in 
phrases like ware the dog, etc. [A. S.] 

WARE (war), w. 1. Articles used together, or 
of the same general description; as, ironware, 
tableware. 2. [pi.] Merchandise; commodi- 
ties; goods. [A. S. waru.] 

WAREHOUSE (war'hows), n. House or store 
for wares or goods. 

WAREHOUSE (war'howz), vt. [pr.p. WARE'- 
HOUSING; p.t. and p.p. WAREHOUSED (war'- 
howzd).l Deposit in a warehouse. 

WAREROOM (war'rom), n. Room for holding 
or storing goods. 

WARFARE (war'far), n. Contest or struggle 
carried on between enemies; war. 

WARFARE (war'far), vi. [pr. p. WAR'FARING; 
p.t. and p.p. WARFARED (war'fard).] Engage 
in or wage war. 

WAR-GOD (war'god), n. Personified spirit of 
war; deity supposed to preside over war, as 
Mars of the Romans. 

WAR-HORSE (war'hars), w. 1. Horse used in 
war; charger. 2. Veteran. 

WARILY (wa'ri-li), adv. In a wary manner. 

WARINESS (wa'ri-nes), «.. Cautiousness. [See 
WARY.] 

WARLIKE (war'lik), a. Like, fit, or disposed 
for, war; belonging to war; soldierly; martial; 
hostile. 

WARM (warm), a. 1. Having moderate heat; 
hot. 2. Zealous; easily excited. [A. S. wearm.] 

WARM (warm), v. [pr.p. WARM'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WARMED (warmd).l I. vt. 1. Make 
warm. 2. Make earnest; excite interest, ardor, 
or zeal in. II. vi. 1. Become warm; warm 
one's self. 2. Become zealous or animated. 

WARM-BLOODED (warm'blud-ed), a. Having 
warm blood; applied in zoology to mammals 
and birds, whose body, by virtue of a complete 
circulation of the blood, and its aeration 
through the medium of lungs at each revolu- 
tion, has a temperature varying from 90° or 
100° F. in man, to 110° or 112° F. in birds. 
Fishes, amphibians and reptiles are cold- 
blooded animals. 

WARM-HEARTED (warm'hart-ed), a. Show- 
ing an affectionate, sympathetic nature. 

WARMING-PAN (warm'ing-pan), n. Covered 
pan for containing hot water or live coals to 
warm a bed. 

WARMISH (warm'ish), a. Somewhat warm. 

WARMLY (warm'li), adv. With warmth of 
feeling; ardently; earnestly. 

WARMNESS (warm'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being warm. 

WARMOUTH (war'mowth), n. Big-mouthed 
perch or red-eyed bream. (Southern U. S.) 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



WARMTH 



1201 



WASHER-WOMAN 



WARMTH (warmth), n. 1. State of being 
warm; moderate heat. 2. Ardor. 

SYN. Fervor; glow; heat; enthusiasm; 
zeal; eagerness; cordiality; animation; ear- 
nestness; energy; excitement; fervidness; 
intensity; passion; vehemence. ANT. Fri- 
gidity; frost; iciness; coldness; coolness. 

WARN (warn), vt. [pr.p. WARNING; p.t. and 
p.p. WARNED (warnd).] Make aware; put on 
guard; give notice of danger to; caution. 
[A. S. warnian.] 

WARNING (warn'ing), n. 1. Caution against 
danger, etc.; heed. 2. Admonition. 3. Pre- 
vious notice. 

WARP (warp), v. [pr.p. WARPING; p.t. and 
p.p. WARPED (warpt).] I. vt. 1. Twist out 
of shape. 2. Turn from the right or proper 
course; pervert. 3. Tow or move with a line 
attached to buoys, etc. II. vi. 1. Form the 
warp of a web. 2. Turn, twist, or be turned 
or twisted out of shape. 3. Deviate; swerve. 
[Ice. varpa, throw. Akin to A. S. weorpan, 
throw or cast.] 

WARP (warp), n. 1. Warped condition. 2. 
Threads stretched out lengthwise in a loom. 
3. Rope used in towing. 

WAR-PAINT (war'pant), n. 1. Paint put on 
the face and other parts of the body by North 
American Indians and other savages on going 
to war, with the object of making their ap- 
pearance more terrible to their enemies. 2. 
Official costume; full dress. 

WAR-PATH (war'path), n. 1. Route or path 
taken on going to war. 2. Warlike expedi- 
tion. — On the war-path, on a hostile or warlike 
expedition; ready for an attack on an adver- 
sary. 

WARRANT (wor'ant), vt. [pr.p. WAR'RANT- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. WARRANTED.] 1. Guar- 
antee; make secure. 2. Justify; authorize. 
[O. Fr. warantir — O. Ger. weren, give bail for.] 

WARRANT (wor'ant), n. 1. That which war- 
rants or authorizes; commission giving au- 
thority, especially a writ for arresting a person. 
2. Security. 

WARRANTABLE (wor'ant-a-bl), a. Authorized 
by warrant or right; justifiable. 

WARRANTABLENESS (wor'ant-a-bl-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being warrantable. 

WARRANTABLE (wor'ant-a-bli), adv. In a 
warrantable manner. 

WARRANTEE (wor-an-te'), n. One to whom a 
warranty is given. 

WARRANTER (wor'ant-er), WARRANTOR 
(wor'ant-ur), n. One who warrants. 

WARRANTY (wor'ant-i), n. [pi. WARRANT- 
IES.] Legal warrant: (1) Stipulation by deed; 
deed of security. (2) Guarantee. 

WARRANTY (wor'ant-i), vt. [pr.p. WAR'RANT- 
YING; p.t. and p.p. WARRANTIED (wor'ant- 
id).] Warrant; guarantee. 

WARREN (wor'en), n. 1. Piece of ground for 
keeping animals, especially rabbits. 2. Ob- 



scure, crowded habitation. [O. Fr. warenne. 
See WARD.] 

WARRIOR (war'i-ur), n. One engaged in war or 
devoted to a military life; brave soldier. 

WAR-RISK (war'risk), n. Insurance. Policy 
written on property liable to damage or de- 
struction by reason of a war being waged; usu- 
ally applied to marine insurance. 

WARSAW (war'sa), n. City, Russia, former 
capital of Poland, on the Vistula. 

WARSHIP (war'ship), n. Armed vessel for wa- 
ging war upon the water; naval vessel. 

WAR-SONG (war'sang), n. 1. Song sung at a 
war-dance, or by soldiers about to charge the 
foe. 2. Patriotic song inciting to war. 

WART (wart), n. 1. Small, hard excrescence on 
the skin. 2. Protuberance on trees. [A. S. 
wearte.] 

WARTY (wart'i), a. 1. Like a wart. 2. Over- 
grown with warts. 

WAR-WHOOP (war'hop), n. Shout such as 
Indians raise when going into battle. 

WARY (wa'ri), a. 1. Guarding against decep- 
tion, etc.; cautious. 2. Showing shrewd cir- 
cumspection; wily. [A. S. tvcer. Cf. Ger. wah- 
ren, guard.] 

WAS (woz), 1st and 3rd pers. sing. ind. imperf. 
of the verb BE. [A. S. wws, p.t. of wesan, be. 
Cf. Ger. gewesen, been, and Ice. vesa, dwell.] 

WASH (wosh), v. [pr.p. WASHING; p.t. and 
p.p. WASHED (wosht).] I. vt. 1. Cleanse with 
water. 2. Waste away by the action of water. 

3. Overflow. 4. Cover with a thin coat, as of 
metal or paint. II. vi. Endure washing 
without being injured. [A. S. wascan.] 

WASH (wosh), n. 1. Washing; clothes to be 
washed. 2. The shallow part of a river or arm 
of the sea; marsh; fen. 3. Refuse of food, etc. 

4. Thfct with which anything is washed, as a 
lotion, thin coat of paint, metal, etc. 

WASHABLE (wosh'a-bl), a. That may be 
washed. 

WASH-BASIN (wosh'ba-sn), n. Basin for con- 
taining water in which the hands and face, 
etc., are washed. 

WASHBOARD (wosh'bord),n. 1. Ribbed board 
on which clothes are rubbed in washing. 2. 
Carp. Base-board; mopboard. 3. Mining. 
Place in which ore is washed. 4. Naut. Board 
above the gunwale of a boat to keep the water 
from washing over. 

WASH-BOILER (wosh'boil-er), n. Deep vessel, 
usually of tin or copper, for boiling clothes for 
washing. 

WASHER (wosh'er), n. 1. One who or lihat 
which washes. 2. Flat ring of iron or leather 
between the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin, 
under the head of a screw, etc., serving as a 
cushion or packing. 3. The raccoon. 4. Out- 
let pipe, as in a cistern. 

WASHER- WOMAN (wosh'er-wom-an), n. [pi. 
WASHERWOMEN.] Woman who washes 
clothes for hire; also spelled wash-woman. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



WASH-HOUSE 



1202 



WATER 



WASH-HOUSE (wosh'hows), n. Building fur- 
nished with tubs, etc., for washing clothes. 

WASHING (wosh'ing), I. n. 1. Act of one who 
washes. 2. Clothes washed at one time; 
wash. II. a. Used in, or intended for, wash- 
ing; as, washing machine, washing powder, etc. 

Washington (wosh'ing-tun), n. i. one of 

the United States. Capital Olympia. Area 
69,180 sq. m. 2. City, District of Columbia. 
Capital of United States, on Potomac River. 

WaSHINGTONIA (wosh-ing-to'ni-aj, n. Bot. 
Genus of gigantic trees; Sequoia. 

WASH-LEATHER (wosh'leffc-er), n. Chamois 
leather, or an imitation of it. 

WASHOUT (wosh'owt), n. 1. The washing 
away of a road-bed by a freshet. 2. Excava- 
tion made thereby. 

WASH-TUB (wosh'tub), n. Tub in which 
clothes are washed. 

WASH-WOMAN (wosh'wom-an),«. [pi. WASH'- 
WOMEN.] Same as WASHER-WOMAN. 

WASHY (wosh'i), a. 1. Watery; damp. 2. Weak; 
not solid. 

WASP (wosp), n. 1. Stinging insect allied to the 
hornet. 2. Irascible per- 
son. [A. S. wcesp. Cf. Ger. 
wespe.] 

WASPISH (wosp'ish), a. 1. 
Irascible; petulant. 2. 
Having a slender waist, 
like a wasp. 

WASPISHLY (wosp'ish-li), 
adv. In a waspish or pet- 
ulant manner. 

WASPISHNESS (wosp'ish- 

nes), n. Quality or state Wasp and Nest. 
of being waspish. 

WASSAIL (wos'al), n. 1. Festive meeting where 
drinking and pledging of healths are indulged 
in; drinking bout. 3. Liquor drunk at a ca- 
rousal. [A. S. ives Jidl, (may you) be healthy.] 

WASSAIL (wos'al), v. [pr.p. WASSAILING; p.U 
and p.p. WASSAILED (wos'ald).] I. vt. 
Drink the health of. II. vi. Take part in a 
drinking bout; carouse. 

WASSADLER (wos'al-er), n. One who takes 
part in a wassail; reveler. 

WASTAGE (wa'staj), n. That which is lost 
by leakage, evaporation or waste. 

WASTE (wast), I. a. 1. Desert; desolate. 2. 
Lying unused; unproductive. II. n. 1. Use- 
less expenditure or destruction. 2. That 
whichiswastedor waste; uncultivated country; 
refuse. [A. S. weste, empty — L. vastus, waste.] 

WASTE (wast), v. [pr.p. WA STING; p.t. and 
p.p. WASTED.] I. vt. 1. Lay waste; make 
desolate. 2. Wear out gradually. 3. Squan- 
der; spend to no purpose. II. vi. Dwindle; 
be consumed. 

WASTEFUL (wast'fol), a. 1. Lavish; prodigal; 
extravagant. 2. Ruinous. 

WASTEFULLY (wast'fQl-i), adv. In a wasteful 
manner. 




WASTEFULNESS (wast'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being wasteful. 

WASTER (waster), n. One who wastes. 

WASTING (wa'sting), I. a. 1. Devastating. 2. 
Emaciating. II. n. 1. Devastation. 2. Atro- 
phy. 

WASTLNGLY (wa'sting-li), adv. In a wasting 
manner. 

WATCH (woch), n. 1. Act of looking out; close 
observation; guard. 2. One who watches or 
those who watch; sentry. 3. Place where a 
guard is kept. 4. Time of watching, especial- 
ly in a ship. 5. Division of the night. 6. 
Pocket timepiece. [A. S. wcecce.] 

WATCH (woch), v. [pr.p. WATCHING; p.t. and 
p.p. WATCHED (wocht).l I. vi. 1. Keep 
awake. 2. Look with attention; keep guard; 
look out. II. vt. 1. Keep in view; give heed 
to. 2. Have in keeping; guard. 

WATCHER (woch'er), n. One who watches; 
guard. 

WATCHFUL (woeh'fol), o. Careful to watch or 
observe. 

SYN. Vigilant; observant; attentive; cau- 
tious; wary; circumspect; heedful. ANT. 
Heedless; inattentive; incautious. 

WATCHFULLY (woch'fol-i), adv. In a watch- 
ful manner. 

WATCHFULNESS (woch'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being watchful. 

WATCHMAN (woch'man), n. [pi. WATCHMEN.] 
Man who watches or guards, especially at 
night. 

WATCH-TOWER (woch'tow-er), 
which, or in which, a 
sentinel is placed to 
watch for enemies, the 
approach of danger, or 
the like. 

WATCHWORD (woch'- 
wiird), n. 1. Pass- 
word to be given to a 
watch or sentry. 2. 
Rallying cry; shibbo- 
leth. 

WATCH-WORKS 
(woch'wurks), n. pi. 
Mechanism of a watch. 

WATER (water), n. 1. 
Fluid which forms the 
ocean, lakes and rivers; 
compound of hydrogen 
and oxygen (H 2 0). 2. 
Any collection of it, as 
a lake. 3. Any fluid 
resembling water. 4. 
Luster of a diamond. 
[A, S. wwter.] 

WATER (water), v. [pr.p. WATERING; p.t. 
and p.p. WATERED (wa'terd).] I. vt. 1. Wet, 
overflow, supply, or dilute with water. 2. 
Wet and press so as to give a wavy appearance 
to. 3. Enlarge the number of shares of 



Tower on 




La Fuerza Watch-tower; 
corner-stone of Havana, 
Cuba. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, ZAen, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



WATER-BACK 



1203 



WATER-31ARK 



(stock) without increasing the capital. II. vi. 
1. Shed water; fill with water or saliva. 2. 
Take in water. 

WATER-BACK (wa'ter-bak), n. Reservoir or 
coil set in the firebox of a range or stove, for 
heating water. 

WATER-BATH (water-bath), n. Device for 
heating in a vessel standing in boiling water. 

WATER-BEECH (wa'ter-bech), n. The Ameri- 
can hornbeam. 

WATER-BEETLE (wa'ter-be'tl), n. Beetle that 
lives in the water, 
mostly in stagnant 
pools. 

WATER-BRASH 
(wa'ter-brash), w. 
A form of dyspep- 
sia, accompanied 
by a burning sen- 
sation inthe stom- 
achand eructation 
of an acrid liquid. 

WATER-BUCK(wa'- 

ter-buk), n. An African species of antelope. 

WATER-BUFFALO (wa'ter-buf-a-lo), n. Asi- 
atic buffalo, a native of the East Indies. During 
the heat of the day it lies in water sunk up to 
its nostrils. In the Philippine Islands it is the 
most common beast of burden and is used as a 
farm animal. Also called carabao. 




Yellow-margined water-beetle 
and its larva. 




Water-buffalo (Bos or Bubalus buffelus). 

WATER-BUG (wa'ter-bug), n. 1. The croton- 
bug. 2. One of many species of bugs, that 
live in the water but fly about at night. 

WATER-CHESTNUT (wa'ter-ches-nut), n. Chi- 
nese sedge (Eleocharis tu- 
ber osa), or its edible tuber. 

WATERCLOCK (wa'ter- 
klok), n. Clock driven 
by the fall of water. 

WATER-CLOSET (wa'ter-l 
kloz-et), n. Room or 
closet used as a. privy, in 
which the discharges are 
carried off by water. 

WATER-COLOR (wa'ter-kul-ur), n. 1. Pig- 
ment diluted with water and gum, instead of 
oil. 2. Painting done in water-colors. 

WATERCOURSE (wa'ter-kors), n . Channel for 
water. 

WATERCRESS (wa'ter-kres), n. A creeping 




Water-chestnut . 



herb (Rorippa nasturtium), growing in clear 
running water and used for salad. 

WATER-CURE (wa'ter-kur), n. 1. Treatment 
of disease by the application of water in vari- 
ous ways. 2. Mode of inquisitorial torture, in 
which water is poured into the victim's mouth 
until he becomes nearly asphyxiated. 

WATERED (wa'terd), a. Having a wavy ap- 
pearance, as watered silk, produced by moisten- 
ing and pressure. 

WATERFALL (wa'ter-fal), n . 1. Perpendicu- 
lar descent of a body of water; cataract; cas- 
cade. 2. Chignon. 

WATER-FLAG (water-flag), n. Yellow Iris 
growing in marshes. 

WATER-FOWL (wa'ter-fowl), n. Any aquatic 
fowl; swimming bird, as duck, goose, etc. 

WATERGAGE, WATERGAUGE (wa'ter-gaj), 
n. Instrument indicating the quantity of wa- 
ter, as in a steam boiler. 

WATER-HAMMER (wa'ter-ham-er), n. 1. Vac- 
uum tube containing a little water. 2. Con- 
cussion produced by confined water, as in 
steam pipes. 

WATER-HEN (wa'ter-hen), n. 1. English 
moor-hen. 2. American coot. 

WATER-HOLE (wa'ter-hol), n. A hole where 
water gathers. 

WATER-ICE (wa'ter-Is), n. Frozen confection 
of water, sugar and fruit juice. 

WATER-INCH (water-inch), n. In hydraulics, 
quantity of water discharged in 24 hours 
through a circular opening of one inch diam- 
eter leading from a reservoir, under the least 
pressure, that is, when the water is only so 
high as to merely cover the orifice. This quan- 
tity is nearly 500 cubic feet. 

WATERINESS (wa'ter-i-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being watery. 

WATERING-CART (wa'ter-ing-kart), n. Tank 
on wheels from which water is sprinkled on 
streets or roads. 

WATERING-PLACE (wa'ter-ing-plas), n. 1. 
Place where water may be obtained. 2. Place 
to which people resort to drink mineral water, 
or bathe, etc. 

WATER-JOINT (wa'ter-joint), n. Watertight 
joint. 

WATER-LEVEL (wa'ter-lev-el), n. 1. Level 
formed by the surface of still water. 2. Level- 
ing instrument in which water is employed in- 
stead of mercury or spirit of wine. 

WATER-LILY (wa'ter-lil-i), n. Water-plant 
like a lily, with large floating leaves and showy 
flowers. 

WATER-LINE (wa'ter-lin), n. Line on a ship to 
which the water rises. 

WATER-LOGGED (wa'ter-logd), a. Rendered 
log-like, or unmanageable, from being filled 
with water. 

WATER-MARK (wa'ter-mark), n. 1. Mark 
showing the height to which water has risen; 
tide mark. 2. Mark wrought into paper when 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WATERMELON 



1204 



WAVES OX 



manufactured to distinguish a particular make 
or kind. 
WATERMELON (wa'ter-mel-un), n. Bot. Trail- 
ing plant (Citrullus vulgaris or Cucutnis Cit- 
rullus) of the gourd family, or its large edible 
fruit. 




Watermelon {Citrullus vulgaris). 



WATERMETER (wa'ter-me-ter) 

that measures the 

quantity of water 

that passes through 

it. 
WATER-MOCCASIN 

(wa'ter-mok-a-sin), 

n. 1. Large veno- 
mous water-snake 

(A-ncistrodon pisci» 

vorus) of the South- 
ern United States. 2. 

Common harmless 

water-snake ( Tropi- 

donotus sipedon). 



Apparatus 




Watermeter. 



WATER-MOTOR (wa'ter-mo-tur), n. A motor 
receiving its power from water flowing through 
a pipe. 

WATER-PIPE (water-pip), n. Pipe for con- 
veying water. 

WATER-POWER (wa'ter-pow-er), n. 1. Pow- 
er of water, employed to move machinery, etc. 
2. Flowing water that is, or may be, used for 
driving machinery. 

WATERPROOF (wa'ter-prof), I. a. Impervi- 
ous to water. II. n. Garment made of water- 
proof cloth. 

WATERSCAPE (wa'ter-skap), n. Picture of a 
sea- or water-view. 

WATERSHED (water-shed), n. 1. Ridge which 
separates two river-basins; divide. 2, Dis- 
trict from which several rivers rise. 

WATER-SNAKE (wa'ter-snak), n. Any snake 
of aquatic habits. 

WATER-SPANIEL (wa'ter-span-yel), n. 
iel trained to go 
into the water in 
pursuit of game. 

WATER- SPOUT 
(wa'ter-spowt), 
n. Vast funnel- 
shaped mass of 
water, drawn up 
by a whirlwind. 

WATERTIGHT 

(wa'ter-tit), o. So Water-spaniel. 

tight as not to admit water, nor let it escape. 




WATER-TOWER (wa'ter-tow-er), n. 1. A 
standpipe, giving head to a water-distributing 
system. 2. Tower-like frame on a truck, used 
by firemen. 

WATER-WAT (wa'ter-wa), n. 1. Navigable 
channel. 2. Nattt. Timber hollowed out to 
allow water to run off the deck of a ship. 

WATERWHEEL (wa'ter-hwel), n. 1. Wheel 
moved by water. 2. Engine for raising water. 

WATERWORK (wa'ter-wurk), n. Apparatus 
or engine by which water is furnished, as to 
a town, etc; usually in plural. 

WATERY (wa'ter-i), a. 1. Pertaining to or like 
water. 2. Thin; transparent. 3. Tasteless. 
4. Abounding with or containing water. 

WATT (wot), n. Practical unit of electrical ac- 
tivity; the rate of working in a circuit, when 
the E. M. F. is one volt and the current one am- 
pere; volt-ampere. One watt= 107 ergs per sec- 
ond= 0.00134 horsepower or 0.737 foot- 
pounds per second. 746 watts=l horsepower. 
[After James Watt.] 

WATTLE (wot'l),n. 1. Twig or flexible rod. 2. 
Hurdle. 3. Fleshy excrescence as under the 
throat of a turkey. [A. S. watel.] 

WATTLE (wot'l), vt. [pr.p. WAT'TLENG; p.U 
and p.p. WATTLED (wot'ld).] 1. Bind with 
wattles or twigs. 2. Form by platting flexible 
twigs, as baskets, etc. 

WATTLED (wot'ld), a. Having wattles; as, a 
wattled fowl. 

WATTMETER (wot'me-ter), n. Device for 
measuring electric power in watts. 

WAUL (wal), vi, [pr.p. WAUL'EVG; p.t. and .p.p 
WAULED (wald).] Cry as a cat. [Imitative.] 

WAVE (wav), v. [pr.p. WA'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
WAVED (wavd).] I. vt. 1. Move to and fro; 
brandish. 2. Signify by a to and fro move- 
ment of the hand, flag or other object. 3. Beck- 
on. 4. Embellish with wave-like pattern. II. 
vi. 1. Play loosely; flutter; float. 2. Beckon. 
3. Have a wavy form. [A. S. wafian.] 

WAVE (wav), n. 1. Ridge rising on the" sur- 
face of water. 2. State of vibration propaga- 
ted through a system of particles. 3. Inequal- 
ity of surface. 4. Waving gesture or signal. 

WAVED (wavd), a. Wavy in form; undulated. 

WAVELET (wav 'let), n. Little wave; ripple on 
water. 

WAVE-MOTOR (wav'mo-tur), n. Machine for 
utilizing the energy of ocean waves as a source 
of power. 

WAVER (waver), vi. [pr.p. WA'VEREVG; p.t. 
and p.p. WAVERED (wa'verd).] 1. Move to 
and fro ; flutter. 2. Be undetermined. 

WAVERER (wa'ver-er), ». One who wavers; 
one who is unsettled in opinion. 

WAVERING (wa'ver-ing), a. Fluctuating. 

WAVERINGLT (wa'ver-ing-li), adv. In a wa- 
vering manner. 

WAVESON (wav'sun), n. Goods floating on the 
waves after a shipwreck. [Coined after the 
pattern of JETSON from WAIVE.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
ii=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WAVY 



1205 



WEAR 



WAVY (wa/vi), a, 1. Full of, or rising in, 

waves. 2. Undulating. 
WAX (waks), n. 1. Yellow fatty substances 

produced by bees, and used by them in making 

their cells. 2. Any similar substance. [A. S. 

weax. Cf. Ger. wachs.] 
WAX (waks), vt. [pr.p. WAXING; p.t. and p.p. 

WAXED (wakst).] Smear or rub with wax. 
WAX (waks), vi. [pr.p. WAXING; p.t. and p.p. 

WAXED (wakst).] 1. Increase in size; grow. 

2. Pass from one condition or state to another; 

become. [A. S. weaxan.] 
WAXBERRY (waks'ber-i), n. [pi. WAX'BER- 

RIES.] Wax-covered fruit of the bayberry. 
WAXEN (waks'n), a. 1. Made or consisting of 

wax. 2. Covered with wax. 
WAX-END (waks'end), n. Shoemaker's sewing 

thread stiffened with wax and having a bristle 

fastened at the end to enable it to pass through 

the holes made by the awl. 
WAX-POLISH (waks'pol-ish), n. Waxy paste 

used to polish floors. 
WAXWING (waks'wing), n. Bird that has the 

secondary quills of the wing tipped 

with horny appendages resembling 

sealing-wax. 
WAXWORK (waks'wurk), n. 

1. Work made of wax. 2. [pi.] 

Life-size figures 




Waxwing. 



of noted per- 
sons, with faces 
and hands of 
wax. 

WAXY (waks'i), 
a* Resembling 
wax; soft; ad- 
hesive. 

WAY (wa), n. 1. Path leading from one 
place to anothiar. 2. Length of space; dis- 
tance. 3. Passage; journey. 4. Direction. 
5. Manner or course of life. 6. Line; calling. 
7. Point; respect. 8. Condition; state. 9. 
Scheme; method; means. 10. Last word; de- 
cision. 11. Naut. Headway. 12. [pi.] 
Timbers on which a ship is launched. — Ways 
and means, resources of revenue. [A. S. weg.] 

SYN. Road; street; lane; thoroughfare; 
highway; avenue; track; alley; path; chan- 
nel; course; pass. 

WAYBILL (wa'bil), n. List of goods carried by 
a freight train on railways, or a steamer. 

WAYBREAD (wa'bred), n. The common plan- 
tain. [A. S. wegbraide — weg, road, and brwd, 
spread. Cf. Ger. wegebreit.] 

WAYFARER (wa'far-er), n. Traveler. 

WAYFARING (wa'far-ing), a. Traveling; pass- 
ing. [A. S. wegfarende — weg, road, and faran, 
go, travel.] 

WAYLAY (wa-la' or wa'la), vt. [pr.p. WAT- 
LAYING; p.t. and p.p. WAYLAID'.] Lie in 
ambush for; accost on the way. 

WAYLEAVE (wa'lev), n. Right of way over 
another's ground or property; as, the ivayleave 



of one railroad company to use the tracks of 
another. 

WAYMARK (wa'mark), n. Guidepost. 

WAYSIDE (wa'sid), n. Side of the road. 

WAYWARD (wa'ward), a. 1. Forward; per- 
verse; disobedient. 2. Wavering; irregular. 

WAYWARDNESS (wa'ward-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being wayward. 

WAYWORN (wa'worn), a. Worn out by travel. 

WE (we), pron. pi. I and another or others. 
[A. S. we.] 

WEAK (wek), a. 1. Not able to sustain a great 
weight or strain; wanting strength or health; 
easily overcome. 2. Wanting mental or mor- 
al force. 3. Gram. Inflected by adding a suf- 
fix, as forming the past tense in ed, d or t, or 
the plural in s. [A. S. vjac, pliant.] 

SYN. Feeble; frail; faint; unsteady; in- 
firm; decrepit; exhausted; sickly; undecided; 
irresolute; wavering; shaky; vulnerable; im- 
becile. ANT. Strong; vigorous; robust; 
sturdy; stout; potent; spirited; efficient. 

WEAKEN (wek'n), v. [pr.p. WEAKENING; p.t. 
and p.p. WEAKENED (wek'nd).] I. vt. Make 
weak. II. vi. 1. Become weak or weaker. 
2. Grow less determined; yield. 

WEAKFISH (wek'fish), n. Food-fish having a 
tender mouth. 

WEAKLING (wek'ling), n. Weak or feeble per- 
son. 

WEAKLY (wek'li), I. a. Not strong of consti- 
tution or growth; sickly. II. adv. In a weak 
manner; feebly. 

WEAKNESS (wek'nes), n. 1. Want of vigor or 
self-control. 2. Fault of character. 3. Case 
of indulgence; slight failing. 

WEAL (wel), n. 1. Sound, prosperous state. 
2. Body politic; as, the common or public 
weal. [A. S. wela — root of WELL.] 

WEALD (weld), n. Forest; wooded region. [A. 
S. weald. Cf. Ger. wold.] 

WEALTH (welth), n. Riches; abundance. fFrom 
WEAL.] 

SYN. Affluence; fortune; opulence; com- 
petency; plenty; treasure; independence; 
pelf. ANT. Poverty; destitution; want; 
indigence. 

WEALTHY (welth'i), a. Having wealth or 
riches; rich; opulent; affluent. 

WEAN (wen), vt. [pr.p. WEAN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEANED (wend).] 1. Accustom to do with- 
out the breast or mother's milk, as a babe or 
young animal. 2. Accustom to the lack of 
anything. [A. S. wenian. Cf . Ger. gewoehnen, 
accustom.] 

WEANLING (wen'ling), n. Child or animal 
newly weaned. 

WEAPON (wep'un), n. Any instrument of 
offense or defense. [A. S. wwpen.] 

WEAR (war), v. [pr.p. WEARING; p.t. WORE 
(wor); p.p. WORN (worn).] I. vt. 1. Carry 
on the body, as clothes. 2. Have the ap- 
pearance of. 3. Consume by use, time or ex- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, ]sh=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



WEAR 



1206 



WEB-FOOTED 



posure; waste by rubbing; make by friction, 
etc. II. vi. 1. Be wasted or spent by use or 
time. 2. Last under use. [A. S. werian, clothe.] 

WEAR (war), n. 1. Act of wearing. 2. Les- 
sening or injury by use of friction. 3. Articles 
of dress to be worn; as, silk for summer wear. — 
Wear and tear, loss by wear and use, decay or 
injury in the ordinary use of a thing. 

WEAR (war), vt. \pr.p. WEARING; p.t. and 
p.p. WORE (wor).] Put on another tack, as a 
ship, turning her stern to the wind. [Prob. a 
corrup. of VEER, but half assimilated to 
WEAR, waste by rubbing.] 

WEARER (war'er), n. 1. One who wears any- 
thing. 2. That which wears away, erodes, or 
wastes. 

WEARILY (we'ri-li), adv. 1. In a wearied 
manner. 2. So as to weary or fatigue. 

WEARINESS (we'ri-nes), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being weary. 2. Ennui; tedium; languor. 

WEARING (war'ing), a. 1. Designed for wear. 
2. Causing wear; fatiguing. 

WEARING-APPAREL (waring-ap-par-el) n. 
Clothes for wearing. 

WEARISOME (we'ri-sum), a. Tedious. 

SYN. Annoying; vexatious; tiresome; 
burdensome; fatiguing; dull; irksome; la- 
borious; wearing. ANT. Restful; reviving; 
rousing; stirring. 

WEARY (we'ri), a. 1. Having the strength or 
patience worn out; tired. 2. Causing weari- 
ness. [A. S. tcerig.] 

WEARY (we'ri), v. [pr.p. WEA'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. WEARIED (we'rid).] I. vt. 1. Make 
weary. 2. Exhaust the patience of. II. vi. 
become weary. 

WEASAND (we'zand), n. Windpipe. [A. S.] 

WEASEL (we'zl), n. Small carnivorous animal 
with a slender body and 
short legs, living on birds, 
mice, etc. [A. S. wesle. 
Cf. Ger. wiesel.] 

WEATHER (wetft'er), n. 
State of the air as to heat 
or cold, dryness or wetness, 
Bureau, bureau of the U. S. Department of Ag- 
riculture devoted to the observation of, and 
distribution of information concerning, the 
conditions of the weather. 

WEATHER (weMi'er), vt. [pr.p. WEATHER- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. WEATHERED (wetft'erd).] 
1. Affect by exposing to the air. 2. Sail to 
the windward of. 3. Gain or pass, as a 
promontory or cape. 4. Hold out stoutly 
against. — Weather a point, gain an advantage. 

WEATHER-BEATEN (wetf»'er-bet-n), a. Beaten 
or worn by the weather. 

WEATHER-BOARD (wetf*'er-bord), n. 1. Wind- 
ward side. 2. One of a set of boards nailed on 
overlapping to keep out the rain; board used 
for any similar purpose. 

WEATHER-BOARD (we*fe'er-bord), vt. [pr.p. 
WE AT HER -BO ARDING; p.t. and p.p. 




Weasel. 

etc. — Weather 



Nail on boards lap- 



Kept 



WEATHER-BOARDED.] 

ping one over another. 

WEATHER-BOUND (weffe'er-bownd), a. 
in port or delayed by bad weather. 

WEATHERCOCK (we*fe'er-kok), n. 1. Weath- 
er-vane. 2. Fickle person. 

WEATHER-EYE (weffc'er-i), n. Eye of a judge 
of weather; eye to windward (side whence 
attacks threaten). 

WEATHER-GLASS (weffe'er-glas), n. Barom- 
eter. 

WEATHERING (wetfc'er-ing), n. 1. Slope of a 
horizontal surface, to shed rain-water. 2. Cor- 
roding action of the weather on rock. 

WEATHERLY (weffc'er-li), a. Capable of sail- 
ing to windward closely. 

WEATHER-MAP (weffc'er-map), n. Map show- 
ing the meteorological elements over an ex- 
tended region at a given hour. 

WEATHER-PROPHET (we*fc'er-prof-et), n. One 
who or that which forecasts the weather. 

WEATHERMOST (wetfc'er-most), a. Farthest 
to windward. 

WEATHER-SIGNAL (wefft'er-sig-nal), n. Signal 
used to indicate the expected condition of the 
weather. 

WEATHER-VANE (weffc'er-van), n. Pointer 
swung loosely on a pivot so as to revolve 
freely in any direction, thus indicating the 
direction of the wind. 

WEAVE (wev), vt. [pr.p. WEAVING; p.t. WOVE 
(wov) or WEAVED (wevd) ; p.p. WOVEN (wo'- 
vn), WOVE or WEAVED.] 1. Unite, as 
threads In a loom, to form cloth. 2. Produce 
on a loom, as cloth. [A. S. wefan.] 

WEAVE (wev), n. Act or style of weaving. 

WEAVER (wev'er), n. One who or that which 
weaves. 

WEAVER-BIRD (wev'er-berd), ». Small bird of 
Asia and Africa, which 
excels in weaving its 
nest from grasses, etc. 

WEAZEN (we'zn), 
WEAZENED(we'znd), 
o. Shrunk; withered; 
shriveled. 

WEAZEN-FACED (we'- 
zn-fast), a. Having a 
shriveled face; thin. 

WEB (web), n. 1. Text- Weaver . bird and it9 Ne8t . 
ure; thing woven. 2. 

Net spun by a spider. 3. Film over the eye. 4. 
Skin between the toes of a water-fowl. [A. S. 
webb.] 

WEBBED (webd), a. Having the toes united by 
a web. 

WEBBING (web'ing), n. 1. Narrow woven fab- 
ric of hemp, used for chairs, etc. 2. The tapes 
on which paper is carried in a printing-press. 

WEBER (wa'ber or va'ber), n. Unit of magnetic 
flux. [After W. Weber.] 

WEB-FOOTED (web'fot-ed), a. Having webbed 
feet. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\X=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c7i in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



WEB-WORM 



1207 



WEIGHT 



Larva of an insect 




Web-worm. 



WEB-WORM (web'wurm), n, 

o f m a n y 
speclesi 
which 
spins a 
silken web, 
as the tent- 
caterpillar. 
WED (wed), v. 
[pr.p.WED'- 
DING; p.U 
and P'p* 
WED'DED.] 

I. vt. 1. Take 
as husband 
or wif e ; 
marry. 2. 
Give or join in marriage. 3. Unite closely. 

II. vi. Contract matrimony; get married. 
[A. S. weddian, engage — wed, pledge.] 

WEDDED (wed'ed), a. 1. Married; pertaining to 
marriage. 2. Intimately united, joined or 
attached, by interest, passion, or prejudice. 

WEDDING (wed'ing), I. o. Pertaining to or 
used at a wedding. II. n. Nuptial cere- 
mony or festivities; marriage. 

WEDGE (wej), n. 1. Piece of wood or metal, 
thick at one end and sloping to a thin edge at 
the other, used in splitting. 2. Mass of metal. 
[A. S. wecg.] 

WEDGE (wej), vt. [pr.p.WEDG'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEDGED (wejd).] 1. Cleave with a wedge. 2. 
Force or drive with a wedge. 3. Press closely. 
4. Fasten with a wedge. 

WEDGWOOD-WARE (wej'wQd-war), n. One 
of several kinds of semi-vitrified pottery in- 
vented by Josiah Wedgwood (1730-95). 

WEDLOCK (wed'lok), n. Matrimony. [A. S. 
wedldc — wed, pledge, and l&c, gift.] 

WEDNESDAY (wenz'da), n. Fourth day of the 
week. [A. S. Wddnes dmg, day of Woden or 
Odin, the chief Teutonic deity.] 

WEE (we), o. Tiny. [Dan. vei (Ice. vegr), way. 
The sense "little" is supposed to have arisen 
from use in the phrase a little wee (way).] 

WEED (wed), n. 1. Any useless plant of rank 
growth. 2. Anything useless or troublesome. 
3. Tobacco; cigar. (Colloq.) [A. S. wedd.) 

WEED (wed), v. [pr.p. WEEDING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEED'ED.] I. vt. 1. Free from weeds. 2. 
Free from anything obnoxious. II. vi. Ex- 
tirpate or destroy weeds. 

WEED (wed), n. 1. Garment. 2. Mourning 
garb; especially in plural. [A. S. weed.] 

WEEDY (wed'i), a. 1. Consisting of weeds; 
full of weeds. 2. Resembling a weed. 

WEEK (wek), n. 1. Space of seven days, usual- 
ly beginning with Sunday. 2. The six work- 
ing days of a week. — This day week, the day of 
next week corresponding to this day. [O. E. 
weke — A. S. wice — Ice. vika — vikya, turn.] 

WEEK-DAY (wek'da), n. Any day of the week 
except Sunday. 



WEEKLY (wek'li), I. a. Coming, happening, 
or done once a week. II. adv. Once a week. 
III. n. Publication appearing once a week. 

WEEN (wen), vi. [pr.p. WEEN'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEENED (wend).] Think; fancy. [A. S. wSnan 
— win (Ger. wahn), expectation.] 

WEEP (wep), v. [pr.p. WEEPING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEPT (wept).] I. vt. 1. Bewail; bemoan. 
2. Shed or let fall drop by drop, as tears. II. 
vi. 1. Shed tears. 2. Let fall or shed tear- 
like drops. [A. S. wSpan — wop, cry.] 

WEEPER (wep'er), n. 1. One who weeps. 2. 
Token of mourning, as crape on hat or sleeve. 

WEEPING (wep'ing), a. Having slender, droop- 
ing branches. 

WEEPING-CROSS (wep'ing-kras), n. Cross, 
often of stone, by the side of a highway, 
where penitents offered their devotions. — 
Come home by weeping cross, suffer defeat. 

WEEPINGLY (wep'ing-li), adv. In a weeping 
manner. 

WEET (wet), vi. [pr.p. WEET'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEET'ED.] Call, as a sandpiper or robin. 
[Imitative.] 

WEET (wet), n. 1. Common European sand- 
piper. 2. Its cry. 

WEEVER (we'ver), n. Fish of the genus Tra- 
chinus, having dangerous 
spines in its fins. 

WEEVIL (we'vl), n. 1. 
Small kind of beetle with 
a long snout. 2. Any bee- 
tle destructive to grain or 
fruit. The European wee- 
vil, Otiorhynchus picipes, 
is destructive to vines. 
[A. S. wif el, beetle. Cf . Ger. wiebel.] 

WEFT (weft), n. Threads woven into and cross- 
ing the warp. [A. S. weft, wefed, wafted.] 

WEIGH (wa), v. [pr.p. WEIGH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WEIGHED (wad).] I. vt. 1. Raise; lift up; 
as, weigh anchor. 2. Ascertain the number of 
pounds, etc., in. 3. Compare; examine with 
a view to arriving at a decision. 4. Depress; 
load. II. vi. 1. Have weight. 2. Be con- 
sidered of importance. 3. Press heavily. [A. 
S. wegan.] 

WEIGH (wa), n. Motion of a ship; in the phrase 
under weigh (either for under way, or from 
weigh anchor). 

WEIGHER (wa'er), n. 1. One who weighs. 2. 
Officer who weighs goods, and verifies scales 
and measures. 

WEIGHT (wat), n. 1. Force with which a body 
is attracted to the earth, minus the centrifugal 
pressure from its axis of rotation; heaviness; 
gravity. 2. Mass; relative quantity. 3. Heavy 
thing. 4. Mass of metal adjusted to a stand- 
ard and used for finding weight. 5. System of 
units for determining the heaviness of bodies; 
as, troy weight. 6. Burden; pressure. 7. Im- 
portance; power; influence; moment. 8. 
Sensation of pressure. [A. S. ge-wiht.] 




Garden Weevil (Otio 
rhynchus picipes). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ck in Scotch loch. 



WEIGHT 



1208 



WELSH 



WEIGHT (wat), vt. [pr.p, WEIGHTING; p.t. 
and p.p. WEIGHT 'ED.] 1. Add weight to. 2. 
Adulterate with heavy, cheaper substance. 

WEIGHTILY (wat'i-11), adv. In a weighty way. 

WEIGHTINESS (wat'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being weighty. 

WEIGHTY (wat'i), a. Heavy; important; grave. 
SYN. Ponderous; onerous; burdensome; 
momentous; impressive; cogent; convincing; 
serious; authoritative; influential. ANT. 
Light; airy; trivial. 

WEI-HAI-WEI (wa-hi-wa' or wa'i-hi-wa'i), n. 
Port of N. China, on the Shantung Promontory, 
leased to Great Britain in 1898. 

WEIMAR (vi'mar), n. Capital of grand-duchy 
Saxe-Weimar, Germany. 

WEIR, WEAR (wer), n. 1. Dam across a river. 
2. Fence of stakes for catching fish. [A. S. 
wer. Cf. Ger. wehr, dam.] 

WEIRD (werd), a. 1. Skilled in witchcraft. 
2. Causing superstitious feelings; unearthly; 
uncanny. — The Weird Sisters, the Fates. 
(Named after the first of the three German 
Parcse or Nomas, whose names signified Past, 
Present and Future.) [A. S. wyrd, fate — root 
of weorthan (Ger. wer den), become.] 

WELCH (welch). Same as WELSH. 

WELCOME (wel'kum), I. a. 1. Received 
with gladness; admitted willingly. 2. Causing 
gladness. 3. Free to enjoy. II. n. Kindly 
reception. [A. S. wilcuma, welcome guest.] 

WELCOME (wel'kum), vt. [pr.p. WEL 'COMING; 
p.U and p.p. WELCOMED (wel'kumd).] 1. 
Receive with kindness or hospitality. 2. Be 
pleased with; accept with pleasure. 

WELD (weld), WOLD (wold), n. Kind of mign- 
onette, formerly much used for dyeing yellow; 
dyers' weed. [Etym. doubtful.] 

WELD (weld), v. [pr.p. WELD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WELDED.] I. vt. Unite, as two pieces of 
metal, by hammering or compression when 
raised to a great heat. II. 
being welded. — Electric 
welding, welding by 
means of an electric cur- 
rent, which heats to 
fusion the parts that are 
to be joined. [From 
WELL, boil, bubble up.] 

WELD (weld), n. 1. Junc- 
tion or joining, as of 
two pieces of iron, when 
heated to a white heat by 
hammering or compres- 
sion. 2. Welded joint. 

WELFARE (wel'far), «. 
State of faring or being 
well; prosperity. ElectricWeldiniMachine 

WELKIN (wel'kin), n. for uniting steel rails. 
Vault of heaven; sky. [A. S. wolcen, cloud. 
Cf. Ger. wolke.] 

WE'LL (wel). Contraction of WE WILL. 

WELL (wel), n. 1. Rise of water from the 



vi. Be capable of 




earth; spring. 2. Pit in the earth whenee a 
supply of water, oil, or the like is obtained. 3. 
Any similar cavity or shaft, as the open space 
in the middle of a staircase. [A. S. well — 
weallan, well up.] 

WELL (wel), v. [pr.p. WELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WELLED (weld).] I. vt. Pour forth, as from 
a well. II. vi. Issue forth, as water from the 
earth. — Well up, issue gently upward, as 
water in a spring. 

WELL (wel), I. a. [comp. BET'TER; superl. 
BEST.] Satisfactory; in good condition; rightly 
done; proper; fortunate; in health. II. adv. 
1. In a proper manner; rightly; thoroughly; 
favorably; conveniently. 2. Considerably. 
[A. S. wel.] 

WELLADAY (wel'a-da), WELLAWAY (wel'- 
a-wa), inter j. Alas. [A. S. wa la wa, woe, lol 
woe.] 

WELL-BEING (wel'be-ing), n. Well-conditioned 
existence; welfare. 

WELL-BELOVED (wel'be-luv-ed), a. Very dear. 

WELL-BORN (wel'barn), a. Born of a good or 
respectable family; not of mean birth. 

WELL-BRED (wel'bred), a. 1. Of good an- 
cestry. 2. Trained well; educated to polished 
manners. 

WELL-CONDITIONED (wel'kon-dish-und), a. 
Being in a good or wholesome frame of mind 
and body. 

WELL-FAVORED (wel'fa-vurd), a. Well- 
formed; handsome. 

WELL-FORMED (wel'farmd), a. Of shapely 
appearance; comely; handsome. 

Wellington (wei'ing-tun>, n. capital of 

New Zealand. 

WELL-NIGH (wel'ni), adv. Almost; nearly. 

WELL-OFF (wel'of), WELL-TO-DO (wel'to-do), 
o. Easy in circumstances; rich. 

WELL-READ (weired), a. Widely acquainted 
with books or literature. 

WELL-SPRING (wel'spring), n. Perennial 
source of supply; fountain. 

WELL-SWEEP (wel'swep), n. Tapering pole 
pivoted on an upright, and with a bucket sus- 
pended at its smaller end, so that the heavier 
end balances its weight; used for drawing water 
from a well. 

WELL-TUBE (wel'tub), w. Tube or pipe of 
wood or metal from the bottom to the top of 
a well for the pumping or flowing of the liquid. 

WELL-TURNED (wel'turnd), a. 1. Accurately 
wrought. 2. Gracefully contrived. 

WELL-WORN (wel' worn), a. 1. Deteriorated 
or made commonplace by use. 2. Becomingly 
displayed. 

WELSH (welsh) I. a. Pertaining to Wales or 
its inhabitants. II. n.pl. 1. Inhabitants of 
Wales. 2. sing. Their language. [A. S. 
welisc (Ger. welsch) — wealh, foreigner.] 

WELSH (welsh), vt. and vi. [pr.p. WELSH'ING; 
p.t. and p.p. WELSHED (welsht).] Cheat at a 
horse-race; run away with the stakes. 



fate, 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



WELSHMAN 



1209 



WHALEBACK 




Welshman (weish'man), n. [ p i. welsh'- 

MEN.] Native or inhabitant of Wales. 

Welsh rabbit (welsh 

rab'it). See RABBIT. 

WELT (welt), n. 1. Edging 
round a shoe. 2. Swollen 
stripe on the skin, caused by 
a blow with a cane or whip; 
wale. [Wei. gwald, hem.] 

WELT (welt), vt. [pr.p. 
WELTING; p.t. and p.p. 
WELTED.] 1. Furnish with 
a welt. 2. Flog severely, so 
as to raise welts. Welshman. 

WELTER (welter), vi. [pr.p. WEL'TERING; 
p.t. and p.p. WELTERED (wel'terd).] 1. Roll 
or wallow about, especially in dirt. 2. Lie 
prostrate. [M. E. waiter — Sw. valtra. Akin 
to WALTZ and WALLOW.] 

WELTSCHMERZ (veltshmarts), n. Senti- 
mental pessimism; despondency of life in 
general; literally, world-pain. [Ger. welt, 
world, and schmerz, pain.] 

WEN (wen), n. Small tumor containing seba- 
ceous matter. [A. S. wenn, wart.] 

WENCH (wench), n. Low, coarse woman. [A. 
S. wencel, child, girl.] 

WEND (wend), v. [pr.p. WEND'ING; p.U and 
p.p. WEND'ED.] I. vt. Direct or turn, as 
one's steps; proceed on; as, to wend one's way. 
II. vi. Take one's way; go. [A. S. wendan.] 

WEND (wend) , n. One of the Lusatian branches 
of the Slavic race dwelling east of the Elbe 
River, in Germany. 

WBNDIC (wend'ik), WeNDISH (wend'ish), I. 
a. Of or pertaining to the Wends. II. n. 
Language of the Wends. 

WENT (went), v. Old past tense of WEND, now 
used as past tense of GO. 

WENTLE-TRAP (wentl-trap), n. 
with a turreted, many-whorled 
shell. [Ger. wendeltreppe, wind- 
ing stairs.] 

WEPT (wept), v. Past tense and 
past participle of WEEP. 

WERE (wer), v. Plural indicative 
and subjunctive past tense of BE. 

WERT (wert), v. Second person 
singular indicative and subjunc- 
tive past tense of BE. (Archaic.) 

WERWOLF (wer'wolf or wer'WQlf), 

n. Person supposed to have been changed, or 
to be able to change himself, into a wolf. [A. 
S. wer, man, and WOLF.] 

WESLETAN (wes'le-an), I. a. Pertaining to 
Wesleyanism. II. n. One who adopts Wes- 
leyanism. 

WESLEYANISM (wes'le-an-izm), n. System 
of doctrine and church polity of the Wesleyan 
Methodists. [Named from John Wesley.] 

WEST (west), I. n. 1. Quarter where the sun 
sets; one of the four chief points of the com- 



Univalve 




Wentle-trap. 



2. Western portion of a country; west- 
ern region. 3. [W-] Occident. 4. [W-] 
Western United States. II. a. Situated to- 
ward the west. [A. S.] 

WESTERLIES (wester-liz), n.pl. Winds 
blowing from the west. See cut under 
WINDBELTS. 

WESTERLY (west'er-li), I. a. 1. Lying to- 
wards the west. 2. Coming from the west. 
II. adv. Towards the west. 

WESTERN (west'ern), a. 1. Situated in the 
west. 2. Moving toward the west. 

Western Australia, state in Australia. 

Area 975,920 sq. m. 

WEST INDIES. Archipelago, between N. and 
S. America. 

WESTMINSTER (west'min-ster), n. I. Cele- 
brated abbey, the burial place of Great Britain's 
distinguished dead. 2. Region near the abbey 
marked by Temple Bar, a former "city," now 
a part of London. 

WESTPHALIA (west-fa'li-a), n. Province of 
Prussia. Area 7,800 sq. m. 

WEST POINT. U. S. military post and school, 
New York, on Hudson river. 

WEST VIRGINIA, one of the United States. 
Capital, Charleston. Area 24,780 sq. m. 

WESTWARD (west' ward), a. and adv. To- 
wards the west. 

WET (wet), I. a. 1. Soaked or drenched. 2. 
Consisting of water or fluid. 3. Rainy; drizzly. 
4. Drunk. II. n. 1. Moisture in consider- 
able quantity. 2. Rainy weather; rain. 3. 
One who favors the licensing of the sale of 
intoxicating liquors. [A. S. wcet.] 

WET (wet), vt. [pr.p. WET TING; p.t. and p.p. 
WET or (rarely) WET'TED.] 1. Make wet; 
moisten; drench, or soak with water or other 
liquid. 2. Moisten with drink. (Slang.) 

WET-DOCK (wet'dok), n. Dock for floating 
vessels at all states of the tide. 

WETHER (weth'er), n. Gelded ram. [A. S. 
wedher. Cf. Ger. widder.] 

WETNESS (wet'nes), n. State of being wet. 

WET-NURSE (wet'nurs), n. Nurse who suckles 
a child for its mother. 

WHACK (hwak), n. Resounding blow. 

WHACK (hwak), vt. [pr.p. WHACKING; p.t. 
and p p. WHACKED (hwakt).] Strike smartly. 

WHALE (hwal), n. Largest of sea-mammals, 
valued for its 
whalebone 
and oil, the 
best known 
species being 3--? 
the Arctic^' 
"rightf'whale 
(B a I ce n a 
mysticetus). 
[A. S. hwcel.] 

WHALEBACK (hwal'bak), n. Steamboat cov- 
ered in with a rounded upper deck. 




Arctic Right Whale. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in" Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WHALE-BOAT 



1310 



WHENEVER 




WHALE-BOAT (hwalbot), n. Long deep boat, 
sharp on both ends, used in whaling, in surfs, 
and as life-boat on steamers. 

WHALEBONE (hwal'bon), n. Elastic substance 
like horn, from the upper jaw of the whale; 
baleen. 

WHALE-HEAD (hwal'hed), n. African bird 
{Baleeniceps rex), with large head and beak, 
related to the storks and herons. 

WHALE-OIL (hwal'oil), n. Oil obtained from 
the blubber of the whale and its relatives. 

WHALER (hwa'ler), n. Ship or person em- 
ployed in whaling. 

WHALING (hwa'ling), I. a. 1. Connected 
with whale-catching. 2. Surprisingly large; 
whopping. II. n. Business of catching 
whales. 

WHANG (hwang), n. Thong. 

WHANGDOODLE ( hwang 'do-dl), n. 1. A nonde- 
script. 2. Poker. Round of jack-pots. (Slang.) 

WHAPPET (hwop'et), n. Worthless dog. 

WHARF (hwarf), n. [pi. WHARFS or WHARVES 
(hwarvz).] Quay or 
pier of timber or stone 
on the shore of, or pro- 
jecting into, a harbor 
or river for lading and 
unlading vessels. [A. S. 
Jiwearf, wharf, dam — 
hweorfan, turn.] Wharf. 

WHARFAGE (hwarf 'aj), n. 1. Accommoda- 
tion at wharves. 2. Dues paid for using a 
wharf. 

WHARFINGER (hwarf ing-er), n. One who has 
the care of, or owns, a wharf. 

WHAT (hwot), I. rel. pron. That which. II. 
Absolute interrog. pron. III. a. How much; 
which kind, etc. — What time, at what time; 
when. — But what. 1. But this or those 
which. 2. (Improperly) But that. [A. S. 
htocet, neuter of hwd, who.] 

WHATEVER (hwot-ev'er), WHATSOEVER 
(hwot-so-ev'§r), pron. 1. Everything which. 
2. All that. 3. One or another. 

WHATNOT (hwot'not), n. Piece of furniture 
with shelves for bric-a-brac. 

WHEAL (hwel), n. Wale. [A. S. hwele.} 

WHEAT (hwet), n. Cereal grassy plant (Triti- 
cum vulgare) or its seed, which furnishes a 
white flour for bread. [A. S. hwcete.] 

WHEATEAR (hwet'er), n. An Old-World pas- 
serine bird with a white rump; stone-chat; 
white- tail. 

WHEAT-PIT (hwet'pit), n. Part of a produce 
exchange where wheat is bought and sold. 

WHEEDLE (hwe'dl), vt. [pr.p. WHEE'DUNG; 
p.t. and p.p. WHEEDLED (hwe'dld).] 1. En- 
tice by soft words. 2. Hoax. 3. Obtain by 
flattery. [Cf. Ger. wedeln, wag the tall, fan.] 
SYN. Cajole; coax; flatter. 

WHEEDLE (hwe'dl), n. 1. One who wheedles. 
2. Wheedling speech. 

WHEEDLER (hwe'dler), n. One who wheedles. 



WHEEL (hwel), n. 
iron, or 
other sub- 
stance, 
consisting 
of a hub 
into which 
are in- 
serted 
spokes 



1. Circular frame of wood, 




Salmon-wheel. 



which sustain a rim or felly. 2. Any disk made 
to rotate on an axis. 3. Old instrument of 
torture. 4. Bicycle. — Salmon-wheel, a wheel 
with nets attached in such a way as to scoop in 
fish that pass beneath it. [A. S. hweol.] 

WHEEL (hwel), v. [pr.p. WHEELING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHEELED (hweld).] I. vt. 1. Cause to 
whirl. 2. Convey on wheels. II. vi. 1. 
Turn round on an axis or pivot. 2. Roll for- 
ward smoothly. 3. Ride a bicycle. 4. Take a 
new direction; reverse a former position. 

WHEELBARROW (hwel'bar-6), n. Barrow 
which runs on one or more wheels. 

WHEELED (hweld), o. 1. Having wheels. 2. 
Conveyed by wheels. 

WHEEL-HORSE (hwel'hars), n. Horse at- 
tached to the pole or shafts, bearing the largest 
part of the burden. 

WHEELING (hwel'ing), n. City of West Vir- 
ginia, on Ohio River. 

WHEELLESS (hwel'les), a. Without wheels; as, 
a wheelless vehicle. 

WHEELMAN (hwel'man),n. {pl.WHEEL'MEN.] 
1. One who uses a bicycle. 3. Helmsman. 

WHEEL-ROPE (hwel'rop), n. Rope or chain 
connecting the steering wheel with the tiller. 

WHEELWRIGHT (hwel'rit), n. Maker of 
wheels and carriages. 

WHEEZE (hwez), vi. [pr.p. WHEEZING; p.t. 
and p.p. WHEEZED (hwezd).] Breathe with 
difficulty and a hissing sound. [A. S. hweosan.] 

WHEEZE (hwez), n. 1. Wheezing sound. 2. 
Exaggerated whisper. 

WHEEZY (hwez'i), a. Subject to wheezing. 

WHELK (hw elk), n. 1. Pustule; wale. 2. Ma- 
rine edible mollusk having a spiral, gibbous 
shell. [A. S. weoloc] 

WHELM (hwelm), vt. [pr.p. WHELMING; p.t. 
and p.p. WHELMED (hwelmd).] Cover; en- 
gulf; destroy. [A. S. for-welman — O. S. be- 
hwelbian, arch over. Cf. Ger. woelben.) 

WHELP (hwelp), n. Young of the dog or a 
beast of prey; cub. [A. S. hwelp.] 

WHELP (hwelp), vi. [pr.p. WHELP'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHELPED (hwelpt).] Give birth to a 
whelp or whelps. 

WHEN (hwen), adv. 1. At what time; at or 
after the time that. 2, While; although. [A. 
S. hwaenne.] 

WHENCE (hwens), adv. From what place; 
wherefore. [A. S. hwanon.] 

WHENEVER (hwen-ev'er), adv. and con). At 
every time when. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



mute, hut, burn. 



WHENSOEVER 



1211 



WHINNY 



WHENSOEVER (hwen-so-ev'er), adv. and conj. 
At what time soever; whenever. 

WHERE (hwar), adv. 1. At which or what 
place. 2. To which or what place. [A. S. 
hwcer.] 

WHEREABOUTS (hwar'a-bowts), I. adv. Near 
what or which place: used interrogatively. II. 
n. Approximate situation. 

WHEREAS (hwar-az'), conj. 1. Since; al- 
though; seeing that. 2. When in fact. 

WHEREBY (hwar-bi'), adv. By means of which. 

WHEREFORE (hwar'for), adv. and conj. For 
which or what reason. 

WHEREIN (hwar-in'), adv. 1. In what respect. 
2. In which or what. 

WHEREOF (hwar-ov'), adv. Of what or which. 

WHEREON (hwar-on'), adv. On what or which. 

WHERESOEVER (hwar-so-ev'er), adv. In 
whatever place. 

WHERETO (hwar-to'), adv. 1. To what end or 
purpose. 2. To which. 

WHEREUPON (hwar-up-on'), adv. 1. After or 
in consequence of what; upon. 2. Upon 
which (thing). 3. In consequence of or im- 
mediately after which. 

WHEREVER (hwar-ev'er), adv. At or in what- 
ever place. 

WHEREWITH (hwar-with'), adv. With which 
or what. 

WHEREWITHAL (hwar-wi*fc-al') , n. Necessa- 
ry means or money. 

WHERRY (hwer'i),n. [pi. WHERRIES.] Light 
fast rowboat, plying on rivers. [Ice. hverfr.] 

WHET (hwet), vt. [pr.p. WHETTING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHET'TED.] 1. Sharpen by rubbing; 
make keen. 2. Excite. [A. S. hwettan. Cf. 
Ger. wetzen.] 

WHET (hwet), n. 1. Act of whetting. 2. 
That which whets or excites. 3. Dram; 
drink. (Colloq.) 

WHETHER (hweffc'er), conj. 1. Which of two. 
2. Introducing a single question, the alterna- 
tive being understood. [A. S. hwwther.] 

WHETSTONE (hwet'ston), n. Stone for sharpen- 
ing instruments by friction. 

WHEW (hwu), inter j. Whistling sound express- 
ing astonishment or dismay. 

WHEY (hwa), n. Watery part of milk sepa- 
rated from the curd, especially in making 
cheese. [A. S. hwmg.] 

WHEYEY (hwa'i), WHEYISH (hwa'ish), a. Of 
the nature of, or consisting of, whey; thin; 
watery. 

WHICH (hwich), interrogative and rel. pron. 
Who; what; what one. — Which is which? 
which is the one, which is the other? — The 
which, which, who, whom. [A. S. hwilc — 
whd, who, and lie, body.] 

WHICKFLAW (hwik'fla), n. Whitlow. [Ice. 
kvikva, flesh under the nails, and FLAW.] 

WHIDAH-BIRD (hwid'a-berd), ». Same as 
WIDOW-BIRD. 

WHIFF (hwif), n. 1. Sudden puff of air from 



the mouth. 2. Quick inhalation. 3. Slight 
blast. [Imitative.] 

WHIFF (hwif), vt. [pr.p. WHDJF'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHrFFED (hwift).] Ihrow out in whiffs; 
puff. 

WHIFFLE (hwif'l), vi. [pr.p. WHTF'FLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WHIFFLED (hwif'ld).] Turn; veer; 
be fickle; prevaricate. [Freq. of WHD7F.] 

WHIFFLER (hwif'ler), n. One who whiffles. 

WHIFFLETREE (hwif'1-tre), n. Same as 
SWINGLETREE. 

WHIG (hwig), n. 1. Member of one of the 
great English political parties. 2. American 
Hist, (a) Supporter of the principles of the 
Revolution — opposed to TORY and ROYAL- 
IST; (6) Member of a political party from about 
1829 to 1853 — opposed to DEMOCRAT. 

WHILE (hwil), I. n. Space of time. II. con). 
1. During the time that. 2. Whereas. 3. 
Until. [A. S. hwil.] 

WHILE (hwil), vt. [pr.p. WHILING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHELED (hwild).] Cause to pass pleas- 
antly; generally with away; as, to while away 
the time. 

WHILOM (hwi'lum), adv. Formerly; of old. 
[A. S. hwilum, at times.] 

WHILST (hwilst), conj. While. 

WHIM (hwim), n. 1. Unexpected turn. 2. 
Caprice; fancy. 3. Simple hoisting machine 
for raising ore, worked by a horse. [Ice. 
hvima, have the eyes wandering.] 

SYN. Crotchet; freak; humor; vagary; 
prank; whimsey. 

WHIMPER (hwim'per), vi. and vt. [pr.p. WHTM'- 
FERING; p.t. and p.p. WHIMPERED (hwim'- 
perd).] Cry with a whining voice. [Ger. 
wimmern.] 

WHIMPER (hwim'per), n. Low, peevish cry. 

WHIMSEY, WHIMSY (hwim'zi), n. Whim. 

WHIMSICAL (hwim'zi-kal), a. 1. Full of 
whims. 2. Odd; grotesque. 

SYN. Fantastical; capricious; notional; 
crotchety; quaint; fanciful; freakish; eccen- 
tric; strange. ANT. Staid; serious; sober. 

WHIMSICALITY (hwim-zi-kali-ti), n. [pU 
WHIMSICALITIES (hwim-zi-kal'i-tiz).] 1. 
Whimsicalness. 2. That which is whimsical. 

WHIMSICALLY (hwim'zi-kal-i), adv. In a 
whimsical manner. 

WHIMSICALNESS (hwim'zi-kal-nes), n. Quali- 
ty or state of being whimsical. 

WHINE (hwin), vi. [pr.p. WHINING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHINED (hwind).] 1. Utter a plaintive 
cry. 2. Complain in a peevish, childish way. 
[A. S. hwinan.] 

WHINE (hwin), n. 1. Plaintive cry. 3<, Puer- 
ile nasal tone of complaint. 

WHINER (hwi'ner), n. One who whines. 

WHINING (hwi'ning), I. n. Act of one who 
whines. II. a. Meanly complaining. 

WHINNY (hwin'i), vi. [pr.p. WHIN'NYEVG; 
p.t. and p.p. WHINNIED (hwin'id).] Neigh or 
cry like a horse. [Imitative.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cfc in Scotch loch. 



WHIP 



1212 



WHISTLE 



WHIP (hwlp), v. [pr.p. WHIPPING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHIPPED (hwipt).] I. vt. 1. Take and 
seize with a sudden motion. 2. Make to turn 
or rotate with lashes; as, to whip a top. 3. 
Strike with a whip or lash; lash. 4. Beat into 
a froth, as eggs, cream, etc., with a whisk, 
fork, spoon, or the like. 5. Beat; overcome; 
vanquish. (Slang.) 6. Naut. Hoist or pur- 
chase by means of a rope passed through a 
single pulley. 7. Cast repeatedly with a rod 
and line; as, to whip a stream for trout. 8. 
Sew tightly, or over and over; form into gath- 
ers; as, to whip a ruffle. II. vi. 1. Turn sud- 
denly and run. 2. Cast repeatedly with rod 
and line. [A. S. hweop, quick turn.] 

WHIP (hwip), I. n. 1. Instrument for whip- 
ping or lashing, 
as in driving ani- 
mals or inflicting 
punishment. 2. 
Driver. 3. Rope 
and pulley. 4. 
Arm of a wind- 
mill. 5. Member 
of a political 
party who looks 
after its disci- 
pline and inter- 
ests. II. adv. 
Quickly; pop; 
presto. (Dial.E.) 

WHIP -CORD 
•'hwip'kard), n. 
Strong hempen 

making whiplashes 
twill. 

* AND (hwip'hand), n. 1. 

Ik s the whip. 2. Advantage. 

WHIPPER-IN (hwip'er-in), n. 1. 




Whip and Thong. 

cord, braided or twisted, 
2. Cloth having 

Hand that 

One 



who 

keeps hunting hounds from wandering. 2. One 
who enforces the discipline of a political party. 

WHIPPER-SNAPPER (hwip'er-snap-er), n. In- 
significant person who is noisily pretentious. 

WHIPPING-POST (hwip'ing-post), n. Post to 
which human beings are tied to be whipped. 

WHIPPOORWILL (hwip'por-wil), n. American 
bird resembling 
the European 
goat- sucker. 
[Named from its 
cry.] 

W H I P S A W 
(hwip'sa), n. 
Saw for divi- 
ding timber 
lengthwise. 

WHIR (hwer), n. 
[Imitative.] 

WHIR (hwer), vi. 

p.p. WHIRRED (hwerd). 
buzzing sound. 

WHIRL (hwerl), n. 1. Act of turning with rapid- 
ity; rapid rotation. 2. Anything that turns 




Whippoorwill. 
Sound from rapid whirling. 

[pr.p. WHIR RING; p.t. and 
Move round with a 



with velocity. 3. Eddy; as, the whirl in a 
liquid. 4. Angling. Spoon-bait. [Ice. hvirfill.] 

WHIRL (hwerl), v. [pr.p. WHIRL'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHIRLED (hwerld).] I. vt. 1. Turn 
with velocity. 2. Carry away by something 
that turns round. II. vi. Rotate rapidly. 

WHIRLIGIG (hwerl 'i-gig), n. 1. Child's toy 
which is spun round rapidly. 2. Water-beetle 
that gyrates rapidly. 

WHIRLING-TABLE (hwerl'ing-ta-bl), n. Ap- 
paratus consisting of a steel tower from which 
a revolving cantilever is suspended, used for 
testing the propulsive force of propellers em- 
ployed in dirigible balloons and aeroplanes. 

WHIRLPOOL (hwerl'pol), n. Circular eddy with 
a cavity in the center; maelstrom. 

WHIRLWIND (hwerl'wind), n. Violent wind; 
cyclone. 

WHIRTLE (hwer'tl), n. Steel die with holes for 
reducing size of pipes or wires. 

WHISH (hwish), n. Rushing or whistling sound 
In water or air. 

WHISK (hwisk), v. [pr.p. WHISK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHISKED (hwiskt).] I. vt. 1. Sweep 
or agitate with a light rapid motion. 2. Carry 
off suddenly and rapidly. II. vi. Move rap- 
idly and nimbly. [Sw. viska, wipe.] 

WHISK (hwisk), n. 1. Rapid sweeping motion. 
2. Small bunch of anything used for a brush. 

WHISK-BROOM (hwisk'brom), n. Whisk. 

WHISKER (hwisk 'er), n. 1. He who or that 
which whisks. 2. Hair on the sides of a man's 
face; beard; especially in the plural. 3. 
Bristles on the face of a cat, etc. [From 
WHISK.] 

WHISKERED (hwisk'erd), a. Having whiskers. 

WHISKY, WHISKEY (hwis'ki), n. [pi. WHIS- 
KIES or WHISKEYS (hwis'kiz).] Ardent spirit 
distilled from grain. [Ir. and Gael, ttisge, wa- 
ter, in uisge-beatha, water of life.] 

WHISPER (hwis'per), v. [pr.p. WHISPERING; 
p.t. and p.p. WHISPERED (hwis'perd).] I. vt. 
1. Utter in a low and not vocal tone; say un- 
der the breath. 2. Mention or speak about 
privately and confidentially. II. vi. 1. 
Speak in a whisper. 2. Make a low, rustling 
sound. 3. Speak evil privately. [A. S. hwis- 
prian.] 

WHISPER (hwis'per), n. 1. Low hissing voice 
or sound. 2. Cautious or timorous speaking. 

WHIST (hwist), inter j. Hush! be still! [Cf. 
WIST and Ger. st! bst!] 

WHIST (hwist), n. Game of cards. [Originally 
WHISK — sweeping in the tricks.] 

WHISTLE (hwis'l), v. [pr.p. WHIS'TLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WHISTLED (hwis'ld).] I. vi. Make a 
shrill sound by forcing the breath through the 
contracted lips; make a like sound with an in- 
strument. II. vt. 1. Call or manage by a 
whistle. 2. Sound shrilly. [A. S. hwistlian. 
Imitative.] 

WHISTLE (hwis'l), n. 1. Sound made in 
whistling. 2. Small wind instrument. 3. 



Cite, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, tken, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



WHIT 



1213 



WHOLE 




Instrument sounded by escaping steam, used 
for signaling on railway trains and steamboats. 
4. Mouth or throat; as, to wet one's whistle, 

WHIT (hwit), n. Smallest particle imaginable; 
bit. [From WIGHT.] 

WHITE (hwit), I. a. 1. Reflecting sunlight in 
its natural state; showing no color or tint. 2. 
Pale. 3. Pure. II. n. 1. Color of snow. 
2. Anything white; as a white man, white 
part of an egg, etc. [A. S. hwit.] 

WHITE (hwit), vt. [pr.p. WHITING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHI'TED.] Make white. 

WHITE-ANT (hwit'ant), n. Destructive insect 
pest prevalent in the 
tropics, where it 
bores into wood and 
paper, rendering 
them useless even to 
destroying them 
completely. 

WHITEBAIT (hwit'- whlte " ant Vermes flavipes).^ 
bat), n. Young or fry of the herring (Clupea 
harengus), the sprat (Clupea sprattus), and 
probably of several other related fishes inclu- 
ding the shad, taken in bag-nets in the estuary 
of the Thames and elsewhere in England, and 
considered a delicacy by good livers of Lon- 
don. 

WHITE-BASS (hwit'bas), n. North American 
food-fish found 
in the Great 
Lakes region 
and in the Mis- 
sissippi River. 

WHITEBEAM 
(hwit'bem), n. 
Small tree with White-bass or Barfish (Roccus 
white down on chrysops). 

the under side of the leaves, allied to the apple. 

WHITE-BEARDED (hwit'berd-ed), a. Having 
a white beard. 

WHITE-BELLIED (hwit'bel-id), a. Having a 
white belly. — White-bellied seal (Monarchus 
albiventer). — White-bellied swallow, a tree- 
swallow (Tachycineta bicolor), with dark- 
green back and pure white under-parts. 

WHITE CAP (hwit'kap), n. 1. Foam-crested 
wave. 2. Member of a secret, lawless organi- 
zation that tyrannizes over a region under the 
pretense of regulating public morality. 

WHITEFISH (hwit'fish), n. General name for 
various kinds of fish, as the whiting, haddock, 
menhaden, etc. 





Coulter's Whitefish (Coregonus coulterii). 

WHITE HOUSE. Executive mansion at Wash- 
ington, D. C, built of freestone and painted 



white, the established residence of the Presi- 
dent of the United States. 




White House. 

WHITE MOUNTAINS. Part of the Appalach- 
ians. Mount Washington, 6,288 feet. 

WHITEN (hwi'tn), v. [pr.p. WHITENING; 
p.t. and p.p. WHITENED (hwi'tnd).] I. vt. 
Make white. II. vi. Become white. 

WHITE SEA. N. Russia. Frozen seven months 
of the year. Area 47,346 sq. m. 

WHITE-TAIL (hwit'tal), n. 1. Wheatear. 2. 
Any animal having a white tail. 

WHITEWASH (hwlt'wosh), n. 1. Slaked lime 
and water. 2. Failure to score. 3. Report 
exonerating one guilty. 

WHITEWASH (hwlt'wosh), vt. [pr.p. WHITE'- 
WASHING; p.t. and p.p. WHITEWASHED 
(hwit'wosht).] 1. Coat with whitewash. 2. 
Make white or pure. 3. Prevent the opposite 
side in a game from scoring a point. 4. Make a 
report exonerating (one who is real! i'ty). 

WHITHER (hwiffc'er), adv. To whai 

WHITHERSOEVER (hwieft-er-so-ei ^ adv * 

To whatever place. *£& 

WHITING (hwi'ting), n. 1. Small sea-fis i. 2. 
Ground chalk. 

WHITLOW (hwit'lo), n. Felon. [WHICKFLAW 
for QUICKFLAW, sore of the quick.] 

WHITSUNDAY (hwit'sun-da), n. Seventh Sun- 
day after Easter. 

WHITSUNTIDE (hwit'sun-tid), n. Week be- 
ginning with Whitsunday. 

WHITTLE (hwit'l), v. [pr.p. WHIT'TLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WHITTLED (hwit'ld).] I. vt. 1. 
Cut with a knife. 2. Reduce by paring with 
or as with a knife. II. vi. Cut up a piece of 
wood, etc., with a knife. [A. S. thwitan, cut.] 

WHITTLER (hwit'ler), n. One who whittles. 

WHIZ (hwiz), vi. [pr.p. WHIZ'ZING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHIZZED (hwizd).] Make a hissing 
sound, like an arrow flying through the air. 

WHIZ (hwiz), n. Hissing sound. 

WHO (ho), pron. rel. and interrog. What per- 
son; which person. [A. S. hwd.] 

WHOA (hwo), inter j. Stand still! Used in 
driving horses and cattle. 

WHOEVER (ho-ev'er), pron. Every one who; 
whatever person. 

WHOLE (hoi), I. a. 1. Sound; hale. 2. Un- 



file, fat, task, far fall, fare, above: me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=M in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



WHOLENESS 



1214 



WIFEHOOD 



impaired. 3. Containing the total amount, 
number, etc.; all; complete. II. n. 1. Entire 
thing. 2. System. [A. S. hdl, healthy.] 

WHOLENESS (hol'nes), n. Quality or state of 
being whole. 

WHOLESALE (hoTsal), I. n. Sale of goods in 
bulk or large quantity. II. a. 1. In large 
quantities. 2. Made or done on a large scale 
or without discrimination. 

WHOLESOME (hol'sum),a. 1. Promoting health; 
salubrious. 2. Beneficial; salutary. 

WHOLESOMELY (hol'sum-li), adv. In a whole- 
some manner. 

WHOLESOMENESS (hol'sum-nes) 9 n. Quality 
or state of being wholesome. 

WHOLLY (hol'Ii), adv. Entirely; completely. 

WHOM (horn), pron. Objective case of WHO. 

WHOOP (hop), v. [pr.p. WHOOPING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHOOPED (hopt).] I. vi. 1. Give a clear, 
sharp cry; shout. 2. Cough with a sonorous 
inspiration, as in whooping-cough. II. vt. In- 
sult with shouts. — Whoop it up, press a matter 
with great ado. [O. Fr. houper, shout.] 

WHOOP (hop), n. 1. Clear, sharp cry, especially 
a cry of excitement, vengeance, terror, or the 
like; as, the whoop of a savage. 2. Sonorous 
inspiration, as in whooping-cough. 

WHOOPING-COUGH (hop'ing-kaf), n. Con- 
tagious spasmodic cough of children. 

WHOP (hwop), v. [pr.p. WHOPPING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHOPPED (hwopt).] I. vt. Beat in a 
fight; thrash. II. vi. Fall down; flop. 

WHOPPER (hwop'er), n. Something surpri- 
singly large; monstrous lie. (Colloq.) 

WHOPPING (hwop'ing), a. Unusually large; 
greatly exaggerated. 

WHORE (hor), n. Harlot; courtesan. 

WHORE (hor), vi. [pr.p. WHORING; p.t. and 
p.p. WHORED (hord).] Practice harlotry. 

WHORL (hwurl), n. 1. Bot. Leaves in a circle 
round the stem. 2. Zool. Volution of a uni- 
valve shell. [By-form of WHIRL.] 

WHORLED (hwurld), a. Arranged in or fur- 
nished with whorls. 

WHORTLEBERRY (hwur'tl-ber-i), n. Heath- 
plant with a blue edible berry; 
bilberry; huckleberry. [A. S. 
wyrtil, root, small shrub.] 

WHOSE (hoz), pron. Possessive 
case of WHO or WHICH. 

WHOSESOEVER (hoz-so-ev' 
er), pron. Possessive case of 
WHOSOEVER. 

WHOSO (ho'so), WHOSOEVER 
(ho-so-ev'er), pron. Everyone 
who; whoever. 

WHY (hwi), I. adv. and conj. 
For what cause or reason. II. 
interj. Exclamation of mild 
surprise. [A. S. whi.] 

WICK (wik), n. Band of closely 
woven threads of cotton, etc. 
oil to a flame. [A. S. weoca; 




Whortleberry. 
for conveying 
allied to WEAK.] 



WICKED (wik'ed), a. 1. Evil in principle or 
practice; deviating from divine law. 2. Ad- 
dicted to vice. [Orig., bewitched.] 

WICKEDNESS (wik'ed-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being wicked. 

WICKER (wik'er), I. n. Small pliant twig; 
osier. II. a. Of, or covered with, twigs. 
[A. S. wican, bend.] 

WICKER-WORK (wik'er-wurk), n. Texture of 
osiers; basket-work. 

WICKET (wik'et), n. 1. Small gate or window, 
especially in a larger door. 2. Cricket. Frame- 
work of rods at which the ball is bowled. 3. 
Croquet. One of the arches through which the 
balls are driven. [O. Fr. wiket (Fr. quicket) — 
root of A. S. wican, yield.] 

WIDE (wid), a. and adv. 1. Extended far. 2. 
Broad. 3. Distant from the proper place. 4. 
Free from narrowness or bigotry. [A. S. wid.] 

WIDE-AWAKE (wid'a-wak), a. Vigilant. 

WIDELY (wid'li), adv. In a wide manner. 

WIDEN (wi'dn), v. [pr.p. WIDENING; p.t. and 
p.p. WIDENED (wl'dnd).] I. vt. Make wide 
or wider. II. vi. Grow or become wider. 

WIDENESS (wid'nes), n. Quality or state of 



(wij'un), n. Duck 




being wide. 
WIDGEON, WIGEON 

the genus Mareca. 

The European widg- 
eon is M. penelope, 

the American M, 

americana. 
WIDOW (wid'o), n. 1. 

Woman bereft of 

her husband by 

death. 2. In some 

games of cards, an Widgeon. 

extra hand dealt to the table. [A. S. widewe — 

L. vidua, bereft.] 
WIDOW (wid'o), vt. [pr.p. WID'OWING; p.t. 

and p.p.WIDOWED (wid'od).] 

Bereave of a husband. 
WIDOW-BIRD (wid'6-berd),n. 

African weaver-bird (Vidua 

paradisea). Also called wfti- 

dah-bird. 
WIDOWER (wid'6-er), n. Man 

whose wife is dead and who 

has not married again. 
WIDOWHOOD (wid'6-hod), n. 

being a widow. 
WIDTH (width), w. Extent from side to 

side; wideness. 
WIELD (weld), vt. [pr.p. WDjXD'ING; 

p.t. and p.p. WIELDED.] Use with full 

command; handle. [A. S. geweldan.] 
WlESBADEN (ves-ba'den), n. Town, 

province of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia. 
WIFE (wif), n. [pi. WIVES (wivz).] Mar- 
ried woman. [A. S. wif.] 
WIFEHOOD (wif'hod), n. 1. State of Widow- 
being a wife. 2. Proper qualities of bird. 

a wife. 3. All the wives collectively. 




fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf: mute, hut, burn. 
n=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. ' 



WIFELY 



1215 



WILL 



WIFELY (wif'li), a- Pertaining to, or proper 
for, a wife. 

WIG (wig), n. 1. Artificial covering of hair for 
the head. 2. A judge, as wearing a wig, in 
England. — Welsh wig, worsted cap. [Short 
for PERIWIG.] 

WIGGED (wigd), a. Wearing a wig. 

WIGGLE (wig'l), v. [pr.p. WIG'GLING; p.t. and 
p.p. WIGGLED (wig'ld).] I. vt. Cause to 
move quickly to and fro. II. vi. Squirm 
about; wriggle. [Colloq. for WRIGGLE or 
WAGGLE.] 

WIGGLER (wig'ler), w. 1. One who or that 
which wiggles. 2. Wiggletail. 

WIGGLETAIL (wig'1-tal), n. Larva of a mos- 
quito. 

WIGHT (wit), n. Creature; person. [A. S. wiht, 
person, thing.] 

WlGHT (wit), ISLE OF. In the English Chan- 
nel. Area 93? 341 acres. 

WIGWAG (wig'wag), I. adv. To and fro. II. 
a. Having a motion to and fro. III. n. 1. 
Act or art of signaling by waving flags. 2. Flag 
or other implement used for signaling. 3. 
Message sent by wigwagging. 

WIGWAG (wig'wag), v. \pr.p. WIG 'WAGGING; 
p.t. and p.p. WIGWAGGED (wig'wagd).] I. vt. 

1. Move briskly to and fro. 2. Send a mes- 
sage to by means of a wigwag. II. vi. Send 
a message by means of a wigwag. 

WIGWAM (wig' warn), n. 1. Indian tent or 
lodge; tepee. 2. 
Large tempora- 
ry building for 
political meet- 
ings. (Colloq.) 
[Corrup. from 
N. American In- 
dian phrase *'in 
his house."] 

WIKIUP (wik'i- 
up), n. Ellip- 
tical hut of nomadic tribes of North Ameri- 
can Indians. Also spelled wickiup. 

WILD (wild), I. a. 1. Being in a state of 
nature; not tamed or cultivated; uncivilized. 

2. Desert; unsheltered. 3. Violent. 4. Way- 
ward; dissolute. 5. Excited and eager. 6. In- 
dicating frenzy or distraction. II. n. Uncul- 
tivated region. — Wild bergamot, aromatic 
North American plant (Monarda fistulosa) 
with long purplish corolla, common on dry 
ground. — Wild brier, dogrose (Rosa canina), 
and sweet-brier (Rosa rubiginosa). — Wild ca- 
nary (Spinus tristis), American goldfinch. — 
Wild dove, American mourning-dove (Zenai- 
dura carolinensis). — Wild goose, any undo- 
mesticated goose, especially the Canada goose 
(Bemicla canadensis). [A. S. wilde. Cf. Ger. 
wald, forest.] 

WILDCAT (wild'kat), n. Small feline carnivore 
resembling the domestic cat. II. a. Char- 
acterized by unsoundness; as, wildcat currency. 




Indian Wigwams. 




Wild-cherry (Prunu 
serotina). 



WILD-CHERRY (wild'cher-i), n. [pi. WILD' 
CHERRIES.] Any species 
of cherry growing wild, as 
Prunus avium or Prunus 
serotina. 

WILDEBEEST (wild'best or 
wil'de-best), n. Gnu. [S. 
Afr. Dut., wild-ox.] 

WILDERNESS (wil'der-nes), 
n. Uncultivated region. 

WILD-FIRE (wild fir), n. 
Composition of inflam- 
mable materials, hard to 
extinguish; Greek-fire. 

WILDGRAVE (wild'grav), n. 
Head forest-keeper in Ger- 
many. [Ger. wildgraf — 
wild, game, and graf, 
count, overseer.] 

WILD-HORSE (wild'hars), n. Any horse (JEquus 
caballus) liv- 
ing in its wild 
state. 

W I L D I S H 
(wild'ish), a. 
Somewhat or 
rather wild. 

WILDLY 
(wild'li), adv. 
In a wild 
manner or 
state. V., 

WILDNESS ^ 

(wild'nes), n. Yearling Wild-horse. 

Quality or state of being wild. 

WILE (wil), n. Trick or stratagem practiced for 
ensnaring or deceiving; sly, insidious artifice. 

WILE (wil), vt. [pr.p. WILING; p.t. and p.p. 
WILED (wild).] Hoodwink; entice; lure. 

WILFUL, WILFULLY, etc. Same as WILLFUL, 
WILLFULLY, etc. 

WILILY (wi'li-li), adv. In a wily manner. 

WILINESS (wi'li-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being wily. 

WILL (wil), v. [pr.p. WILL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WILLED (wild).] I. vt. 1. Decide; ordain. 2. 
Have an intention, purpose, or desire of; de- 
sire; wish; intend. 3. Dispose of by testa- 
ment; bequeath. 4. Control or direct by the 
power of one's will, as a hypnotized person. 
II. vi. 1. Exercise an act of the will; decide. 
2. Desire; wish. 3. Be willing; consent. 
Will is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of 
the future tense, in which case the past tense 
is would. It has different significations in dif- 
ferent persons: (a) I will go, is a present prom- 
ise to go, and with an emphasis on will, it ex- 
presses determination; (b) you will go, ex- 
presses foretelling, simply stating an event that 
is to come; (c) he will go, is also foretelling. 
The use of will in the plural is the same: We 
will, promises; you will, they will, foretell. 
[A. S. willan.] 




< 
< 

l 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WILL 



1216 



WINDBELT 



WILL (wil), n. 1. Power of choosing or deter- 
mining. 2. Choice made; decision; volition. 
3. Desire; purpose. 4. Disposition of one's 
effects at death. 5. Written document con- 
taining such. [A. S. willa — willan, will.] 

WILLED (wild), a. Having a will of a given 
character; as, weak-willed. 

WILLET (wil'et), n. North American wading 
bird (Symphemia semipalmata) of the sand- 
piper family. [Named from its cry.] 

WILLFUL (wil'fol), a. 1. Governed only by 
one's will; waywardly stubborn. 2. Done or 
suffered by design; intentional. 

SYN. Purposed; deliberate; designed; in- 
tentional; premeditated; wayward; refrac- 
tory; stubborn; self-willed; headstrong. 
ANT. Undesigned; accidental; uninten- 
tional; docile; obedient. 

WILLFULLY (wil'fol-i), adv. In a willful man- 
ner. 

WILLFULNESS (wil'fQl-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being willful. 

WILLING (wil'ing), a. 1. Desirous; disposed; 
ready. 2. Voluntary. 

WILLINGLY (wil'ing-li), adv. In a willing man- 
ner; voluntarily. 

WILLINGNESS (wil'ing-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being willing; readiness. 

WILL-O'-THE-WISP, n. Ignis fatuus. 

WILLOW (wil'6), n. 1. Tree of several species, 
with slender, pliant branches. 2. Machine for 
cleaning cotton, flax, etc., by rotating a spike 
drum. [A. S. willig. Cf. L. Ger. wilge.] 

WILLOW-PLUME (wil'6-plom), n. Large arti- 
ficial plume made of parts of uncurled ostrich 
feathers, and having a drooping effect, like a 
weeping-willow. 

WILLOWY (wil'6-i), a. 1. Abounding in wil- 
lows. 2. Resembling a willow; flexible; 
drooping; graceful. 

WILLY-NILLY (wil'i-nil-i), I. adv. p Willingly or 
unwillingly; whether or no. II. a. Unde- 
cided; uncertain. [From WDLL and obsolete 
NELL, will not.] 

WILT (wilt), v. Second person singular of WILL. 

WILT (wilt), v. [pr.p. WILTING; p.t. and p.p. 
WILT 'ED.] I. vt. 1. Cause to wither. 2. De- 
stroy the energy or vigor of; depress. II. vi. 
Wither; fade; decay, as flowers that have been 
plucked. [Etym. doubtful.] 

WILY (wi'li), a. [comp. WI'LTER; superl. WI'- 
LIEST.] Using, or capable of using, wiles; 
cunning; crafty; sly. 

WIMBLE (wim'bl), n. Boring tool; gimlet; 
brace. [Dan. vimmel, auger.] 

WIMPLE (wim'pl), n. Covering of silk or linen 
for the neck, chin and sides of the face, for- 
merly worn generally by women outdoors, but 
now only as a conventional dress for nuns. 
[A. S. winpel.] 

WIN (win) v. [pr.p. WIN'NING; p.t. and p.p. 
WON (wun).] I. vt. 1. Get by labor; gain 
in contest; obtain by hazard; as, to win the 



money. 2. Allure to kindness or consent. 
II. vi. Gain the victory. — Win out, succeed; 
win. — Win upon, gain favor or influence 
with; gain ground. [A. S. winnan 9 struggle, 
endure. 

WINCE (wins), vi. [pr.p a WINCING; p.U and 
p.p. WINCED (winst).] Shrink, as from a blow 
or pain; start back. [From rdot of WINK.] 

WINCE (wins), n. Act of wincing. 

WINCE (wins), n. Hand-reel; winch. [A. S. 
See WINCH.] 

WINCH (winch), n. 1. Crank. 2. Drum; 
small windlass; wince. [A. S. wince, bent 
handle. Cf. Ger. winkel, angle.] 

WINCH (winch), vt. [pr.p. WINCH'ING; p.t. 
and p.p. WINCHED (wincht).] Move by means 
of a winch. 

WIND (wind), n. 1. Air in motion; current of 
air. 2. Power of respiration; breath. Flatu- 
lence. 4. Wind-instruments of an orchestra. 
5. Hint or suggestion. [A. S.] 

WIND (wind; in poetry often wind), vt. [pr.p. 
WINDING; p.t. and p.p. WINDED (often 
erroneously, WOUND).] 1. Expose to the 
wind. 2. Drive hard, so as to put out of 
breath. 3. Allow to recover breath. 4. Fol- 
low by scent. 5. Sound by blowing; as, to 
wind a horn. 

WIND (wind), v. [pr.p. WIND'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WOUND (wownd).] I. vt. 1. Form coils or 
convolutions of round something; as, to wind 
thread round a spool. 2. Enfold; encircle. 
3. Coil the spring of; as, to wind a watch; 
renew the motion of. II. vi. 1. Coil round 
something. 2. Turn; twist; coil. 3. Have 
a tortuous direction. [A. S. windan.] 

WINDAGE (wind 'a j), n. 1. Difference between 
the diameter of the bore of a gun and that of 
the projectile it discharges. 2. Rush of air 
attending the passage of an object. 

WINDBELT (wind' belt), n. One of seven belts 
parallel with the equator encircling the ter- 
restrial globe in definite though changing 
latitudes, each belt embracing a region char- 
acterized by a prevailing wind or prevailing 
movement of air. In the doldrums (marked 4 
in cut) the prevailing movement of the heated 
equatorial air is upward. The N. E. Trades (3) 
and S. E. Trades (5) are movements of air near 
the earth's surface toward the equator to re- 
place the heated air that has risen. The S. W. 
Anti-trades (3) and N. W. Anti-trades (5) are 
movements of heated air high above the earth's 
surface in a direction precisely opposite to the 
trade-winds which blow beneath them. In the 
N. and S. Horse Latitudes (2) and (6) the cooled- 
off air blowing from the equator moves down- 
ward. Instead of moving straight from the 
South and straight from the North the trade- 
winds, influenced by the revolution of the 
earth, slant in to the equator from the North- 
east and Southeast. The Anti-trades descend to 
earth and continue as surface winds in the 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
il=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, )s.h=ch in Scotch loch. 



WINDFALL 



1317 



WINNIPEG 



Westerlies of the extreme north and south 
belts (1) and (7). 




Windbelts. 

1. Average position of Windbelts. II. Windbelts for July. III. 
Windbelts for January. 1. Westerlies of N. Hemisphere. 

2. Horse Latitudes of N. Hemisphere, air moving downward. 

3. N. E. Trades and S. W. Anti-trades. 4. Doldrums, air 
moving upward. 5. S. E. Trades and N. W. Anti-trades. 6. 
Horse Latitudes of S. Hemisphere, air moving downward. 
7. Westerlies of S- Hemisphere. 

WINDFALL (wind'fal), n. 1. Fruit blown off a 
tree by wind. 2. Unexpected legacy or other 
good fortune. 

WINDFLOWER (wind'flow-er), n. Anemone, 
so called because supposed to open only when 
the wind blows. 

WIND-GAGE, WIND-GAUGE (wind'gaj), n. 
Instrument for ascertaining the velocity and 
force of wind; ane nometer. 

WINDINESS (wind'i-nes), n. Quality or state 
of being windy. 

WINDING-SHEET (wlnd'ing-shet), n. Sheet in 
which a corpse is wrapped. 

WIND-INSTRUMENT (wind'in-stro-ment), n. 
Music. Instrument played by wind forced 
through pipes or reeds by means of a bellows, 
as an organ, or directly 
by the breath, as a horn, 
flute, etc. 

WINDLASS (wind'las), n. 
Machine for raising heavy 
weights, usually consist- 
ing of a drum operated by 
radial arms. [L. Ger. win- 
dels, winding of a screw.] 

WINDMILL (wind'mil), n. 
Machine turned by the 
wind and furnishing mo- 
tive power, as for a flour- 
mill or pump. 

WINDOW (win'do), n. 1. 
Opening in the wall of a 
building for air and light. 
2. Frame in the opening, 
lice. 




Windmill. 
vindauga — vindr, wind, and auga, eye.] 




WINDPIPE (wind'pip), n. Passage for the 

breath to and from the lungs. 
WINDROW (wind'ro), n. Long' 

ridge formed by or as by the 

wind, as of hay or trees. 
WIND-SHIELD (wind'sheld), n. 

Glass screen for the protection 

of motormen against the force 

of the wind. 

Windsor (win'zfir), w. city, 

England, on the Thames. 

WIND-UP (wind 'up), n. Conclu- 
sion, settlement, or final adjustment of any 
matter; end; close. 

WINDWARD (wind 'ward), I. adv. On the side 
toward where the wind blows from. II. a. 
Toward the wind. III. n. Point from which 
the wind blows. 

WINDY (wind'i), a. 1. Consisting of wind; re- 
sembling the wind. 2. Full of wind; tem- 
pestuous, as the weather. 3. Exposed to wind. 

4. Airlike; garrulous; empty; unsubstantial. 

5. Affected with flatulence. 

WINE (win), n. 1. Fermented juice of the 

grape. 2. Any similar beverage. [A. S. win.] 
WING (wing), n. 1. Organ of a bird, or other 

animal or insect, by which it flies. 2. Flight. 

3. Any side part. [Sw. winge (Ger. schwinge). 

Cf. SWING.] 
WING (wing), v. [pr.p. WING'ING; p.t. and p.p. 

WINGED (.wingd).] I. vt. 1. Fvrnish with wings. 

2. Cause to fly, as on wings. 3. Traverse in 
flying. 4. Wound a bird on the wing or while 
it is in flight. II. vi. Exert the. power of 
flight; fly. 

WINGED (wingd or wing'ed), a. 1. Furnished 
with wings or wing-like expansions. 2. Wound- 
ed in the wing. 3. Swift; rapid. 

WINK (wingk), vi. [pr.p. WINK'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WINKED (wingkt).] 1. Move the eyelids 
quickly. 2. Give a hint by winking. 3. Con- 
nive (at). [A. S. wincian.] 

WINK (wingk), n. 1. Act of winking or closing 
the eyelids rapidly. 2. Hint given by winking. 

3. Moment; instant; twinkle. — Forty winks, 
a short nap. (Colloq.) 

WINKER (wingk'er), n. 1. One who winks. 2. 
Blinder for a horse. 3. Eyelash. 

WlNNEBAGO (win-e-ba'go), n. Lake, Wis- 
consin, traversed by the Fox River. 

WINNER (win'er), n. One who wins. 

WINNING (win'ing), I. a. 1. Attracting. 2. 
Successful in competition. II. n. What is 
gained in contest, labor, wager, game of 
chance, etc.; usually plural. 

WINNINGLY (win'ing-li), adv. In a winning 
manner. 

WINNINGNESS (win'ing-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being winning. 

WINNIPEG (win'i-peg), n. Capital of Mani- 
toba, Canada. 

WINNIPEG, LAKE. In Manitoba. Area 1,936 
sq. m. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in. Scotch loch. 



WINNOW 



1318 



WIRT 



WINNOW (win'6), v. [pr.p. WINNOWING; p.t. 
and p.p. WINNOWED (win'od).] I. vt. 1. 
Separate and drive off the chaff froni by means 
of wind. 2. Sift or assort, as falsehood from 
truth. II. vi. Separate chaff from grain. [A. 
S. windwian, expose to the wind.] 

WINSOME (win'sum), a. Cheerful; gay; pleas- 
ing. [A. S. wynsum — wyn, joy, and -SMm, 
-some. Cf. Ger. wonne.] 

WINTER (win'ter), n. The cold season of the 
year, commencing, astronomically, in the 
northern hemisphere, when the sun enters 
Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21st of 
December, and ending at the equinox in March; 
but in its ordinary sense it is taken to include 
the months of December, January, and Febru- 
ary. [A. S.] 

WINTER (win'ter), v. [pr.p. WINTERING; p.t. 
and p.p. WINTERED (win'terd).] I. vt. 
Keep, feed, or maintain during the winter. II. 
vi. Pass the winter; hibernate. 

WINTERGREEN (win'ter-gren), n. 1. Small 
evergreen plant (Gaultheria procunibens) , whose 
leaves and small red berries are used in phar- 
macy and flavoring; checkerberry. 2. Any 
plant of the genus Pyrola. 

WINTRY (win'tri), a. Of the nature of winter; 
cold; cheerless. 

WINZE (winz), n. Excavation in mines for ven- 
tilation and other purposes. [Ice. vinza, win- 
now.] 

WIPE (wip), vt, [pr.p. WIPING; p.t. and p.p. 
WIPED (wipt).] 1. Rub with something soft 
for cleaning. 2. Brush off gently; as, to wipe 
one's tears away. [A. S. wipian.] 

WIPE (wip), n. 1. Act of wiping. 2. Blow or 
stroke. (Slang.) 3. Handkerchief. (Slang.) 

WIPER (wi'per), n. 1. One who or that which 
wipes. 2. Cam pushing against another part 
of an engine with a wiping motion, giving it a 
reciprocating motion. 

WIRE (wir), n. 1. Metallic thread of uniform 
diameter. 2. Telegraph; as, to send a mes- 
sage by wire. 3. Secret means of influence; 
usually in the plural; as, to manipulate the 
wires. [A. S. wir.] 

WIRE (wir), vt. [pr.p. WIR'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WIRED (wird).] 1. Furnish with wire or 
wires. 2. Put upon a wire. 3. Bind with 
wire. 4. Send by telegraph, as a message; 
telegraph. 5. Snare by means of a wire. 

WIREDRAW (wir 'draw), v. [pr.p. WIREDRAW- 
ING; p.t. WIREDREW (wir'dro); p.p. WIRE- 
DRAWN (wir'dran).] I. vt. 1. Draw out in the 
form of wire, as metal. 2. Draw out to great 
length, as a discourse. 3. Strain the meaning 
of; distort. II. vi. Practice wiredrawing. 

WIREDRAWER (wir'dra-er), n. One who wire- 
draws, in any sense. 

WIRE-GAUZE (wir'gaz), w. Texture of finely 
interwoven wire. 

WIRE-GLASS (wir'glas), n. Window-glass hav- 
ing woven wire netting embedded in it. 



WIRELESS (wir'les), I. a. Requiring no wire. 



A- 

B 

C 

D— • • 
E 

F- 

G 

H 
I ■ 

J 

K 

L .— . 
M 



N — . 



p . 

Q 

R — • 

S . 


2- • 

3 

4- • • • — 

5- ... 
6 


T — 
U • — 
V — 

W 

X 

Y— 

Z • 


7 

8 

9 

CalT— 1T7.Z 
Finish ■ — . 



Wireless Telegraph Key. 



Alphabetic code of signals used for the transmission of aero- 
grams or wireless telegraphic messages. This code is known 
as the European Morse Key. 



II. n. Wire- 
less teleg- 
raphy or 
wireless 
telephony. 
— Wireless 
telegraphy, 
system of 
sending tel- 
egraphic 
messages 
or signals 
through 
space by 
means of 
electric 
waves. See 
TE LEG - 

RAPHT. 

Wirele s s 
telephony, 
telephonic 
communi- 
cation by 




Cabot Tower, Signal Hill, 
foundland. 

Point where Marconi received first wireless 
telegraphic message across the Atlantic, from 
Cornwall, England, on December 11, 1901. 

waves. See WIRE- 



means of aerial electric 
LESS TELEPHONE. 

WIREMAN (wir'man), n. [pi. WIRE'MEN.] Man 
who puts up electric wires, as for telegraphs, 
telephones, electric lighting, etc. 

WIRE-PULLER (wir'pol-er), n. One who pulls 
the wires, as of a puppet; hence, one who op- 
erates by secret means. 

WIRE-TAPPER (wir'tap-gr), n. One who 
practices wire-tapping. 

WIRE-TAPPING (wir'tap-ing), n. Method of 
surreptitiously obtaining telegraphic news by 
connecting wires with the telegraph lines. 

WIRE WORM (wir'wurm), n. Name given to 
the root-destroying larvae of various beetles, 
from their slenderness and uncommon hard- 
ness. 

WIRINESS (wir'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being wiry. 

WIRT (wir'i), a. 1. Made of wire; like wire. 
2. Lean but sinewy; tough. 



fate fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute- hut, burn, 
u=m in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. 



WISCONSIN 



1219 



WITHIN 



WISCONSIN (wis-kon'sin), n. One of the United 
States. Capital, Madison. Area 56,040 sq. m. 

WISDOM (wiz'dum), n. Knowledge and discre- 
tion; judgment. [A. S. wisdom — wis, wise.] 

WISDOM-TOOTH (wiz'dum-toth), n. [pi. WIS'- 
DOM-TEETH.] n. Third human molar, ap- 
pearing about the twentieth year. 

WISE (wiz), a. [comp. WI'SER; superl. WI'SEST.] 

1. Knowing and sagacious. 2. Dictated by- 
wisdom. [A. S. wis.] 

WISE (wiz), n. Way; manner. [A. S. wise.] 

WISEACRE (wiz'a-ker), n. One who pretends to 
wisdom; simpleton. [Ger. weissager, prophet.] 

WISELY (wiz'li), adv. In a wise, discreet, or 
prudent manner. 

WISH (wish), v. [pr.p. WISH'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WISHED (wisht).] I. vt. 1. Desire or long 
for. 2. Frame or express a desire or wish 
concerning. II. vi. 1. Have a wish or desire. 

2. Be disposed or inclined. [A. S. wyscan.] 
WISH (wish), n. 1. Desire; longing. 2. Ex- 
pression of desire; request. 3. That which is 
desired; object wished for. [A. S. wusc] 

WISH-BONE (wish'bon), n. Forked bone of a 
fowl's breast; merry-thought. 

WISHER (wish'er), n. One who wishes; used 
chiefly in composition; as, well-wisher. 

WISHFUL (wish'fol), a. Having or cherishing 
wishes; longing; wistful. 

WISHFULLY (wish'fol-i), adv. In a wishful 
manner. 

WISHFULNESS (wish'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being wishful. 

WISHY-WASHY (wish'i-wosh-i), a. Diluted; 
thin; pale; forceless; feeble. 
(Colloq.) 

WISP (wisp), n. 1. Small bunch, 
as of hay, straw, hair, etc. 2. 
Smallbroom. [Akin to WHISK.] 

WIST (wist), v. Past tense of 
WIT. [A. S. wiste.] 

WISTARIA (wis-ta'ri-a), n. 
Climbing plant of genus of 
same name with fine purplish 
flowers in pendent racemes. 

WISTFUL (wist'fol), a. 1. 
Thoughtful. 2. Eager; long- 
ing. [From WISHFUL.] 

WISTFULLY (wist'fol-i), adv. 
In a wistful manner; eagerly; 
longingly. 

WISTFULNESS (wist'fol-nes),n. 
Quality or state of being wist- 
ful. 

WIT (wit), vi. [p.t. WIST (wist).] Know; used 
only in the expression to w?it=that is to say. 
[A. S. witan.] 

WIT (wit), n. 1. Understanding; intelligence. 
2. Power of combining ideas with a pleasing 
effect, or of quickly perceiving hidden analo- 
gies or relations between ideas apparently in- 
congruous or unrelated. 3. One who has the 
faculty of saying or writing witty things. 4. 




Wistaria. 



[pi.] Mental faculties; senses. — The five wits, 
the five senses. [A. S. witt — witan, know.] 
SYN. Satire; sarcasm; humor; ingenuity; 
Irony; burlesque; wisdom; judgment. ANT. 
Senselessness; stupidity; dullness; inanity. 

WITCH (wich), n. 1. Sorceress. 2. Ugly, 
malignant woman; hag; crone. 3. Fascina- 
ting woman. [A. S. wicce.] 

WITCH (wich), vt. [pr.p. WITCH'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WITCHED (wicht).] Bewitch; enchant; 
fascinate. 

WITCHCRAFT (wich'kraft), n. 1. Practices or 
powers of witches; sorcery. 2. Witchery. 
[A. S. wiccecraift.] 

WITCH-ELM (wich'elm), n. Large tree {TJlmus 
montana), eighty to a hundred feet high. 
Called also Scotch- or mountain-elm. 

WITCHERY (wich'er-i), n. [pi. WITCH'ERIES.] 
Irresistible or entrancing influence; fascina- 
tion. 

WITCH-HAZEL (wich'ha-zl), n. 1. North 
American shrub (Hamamelis Virginiana) from 
eight to twelve feet high, with large alternate, 
obovate, acute, dentate leaves and axillary 
clustered yellow flowers. 2. Alcoholic healing 
liquid distilled from the fresh leaves of this 
shrub. 

WITH (with), prep. Against; among; by; beside. 
[A. S. wid, against. Cf. Ger. wider.] 

WITHAL (witt»-al')» I. adv. Likewise. II. prep. 
With. 

WITHDRAW (wifA-dra'), v. [pr.p. WITH- 
DRAWING; p.t. WITHDREW (wi*/»-dr6); 
p.p. WITHDRAWN (witfc-dran').] I. vt. 1. 
Take or remove back or away. 2. Retract or 
recall, as a promise. 3. Take or keep away 
from use. II. vi. Retire. [WITH and DRAW.] 

WITHDRAWAL (witfe-dra'al), w. Act of with- 
drawing. 

WITHE, WITH (with), n. Flexible twig. [A. S. 
widhig. Cf. Ger. weide, willow.] 

WITHER (with'er), v. [pr.p. WITH'ERING; p.t. 
and p.p. WITHERED (with'erd).] I. vt. 1. 
Cause to fade, become dry, lose bloom. 2. 
Cause to perish or languish generally. II. vi. 
Fade; become dry and wrinkled; decay. [A. S. 
wedrian — weder, weather.] 

WITHERED (with'erd), a. Faded; blighted; 
wasted. 

WITHERING (wiffc'er-ing), a. Blasting; blight- 
ing, or destroying as by some malign or baleful 
influence. 

WITHERS (with'erz), n.pl. Ridge between the 
shoulder-bones of a horse, where the mane be- 
gins. [A. S. wither, against, because at that 
spot the horse's body pushes against the collar. 
See etymology of WITH, prep.] 

WITHHOLD (wttfc-hold'), v. [pr.p. WITH- 
HOLD 'ING; p.t. and p.p. WITHHELD (with- 
held').] I. vt. Hold or keep back. II. vi. 
Refrain; abstain. 

WITHIN (with-in'), I. adv. Inwardly; in the 
house. II. prep. In the limits of; inside. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
\i=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=ch in Scotch loch. 



WITHOUT 



1220 



WONDERFUL 



WITHOUT (wUft-owf), I. adv. Outwardly; 
out-of-doors. II. prep. 1. On the outside of. 
2. Not with. III. conj. Unless. 

WITHSTAND (wiffc-stand'), v. [pr.p. WITH- 
STANDING; p.t. and p.p. WITHSTOOD (wi*fc- 
stod').] I. vt. Stand up against; oppose. II. 
vi. Make a stand; be in resistance. [AS. with- 
standan — with, against, and standan, stand.] 

WITLING (wit'ling), n. One pretending to wit; 
would-be wit. 

WITNESS (wit'nes), n. 1. Testimony; evidence. 

2. One who has personal knowledge of a thing. 

3. One who attests. [A. S. witnes — witan, see.] 
WITNESS (wit'nes), v. [pr.p. WITNESSING; 

p.t. and p.p. WITNESSED (wit'nest).] I. vt. 1. 
See or know by personal presence; be a witness 
of or to. 2. Give testimony to; attest. 3. Law. 
See the execution of, as a deed or will, and sub- 
scribe as a witness thereto. II. vi. Give evi- 
dence; bear witness. 

WITTICISM (wit'i-sizm), n. Witty remark. 

WITTIICZE (wit'i-siz), vi. [pr.p. WIT'TICIZING; 
p.t. and p.p. WITTICIZED ( wit'i-sizd) .] Indulge 
in facetious speeches. 

WITTILY (wit'i-li), adv. In a witty manner; 
with wit. 

WITTINESS (wit'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being witty. 

WITTINGLY (wit'ing-li), adv. Knowingly; with 
knowledge or design. 

WITTY (wit'i), a. 1. Smartly or cleverly face- 
tious or humorous. 2. Characterized by wit. 

WIVE (wiv), v. [pr.p. WI'VING; p.t. and p.p. 
WIVED (wivd).] I. vt. Supply with a wife. 
II. vi. Take a wife. 

WIVES (wivz), n. Plural of WIFE. 

WIZARD (wizard), n. 1. Wise man. 2. Ma- 
gician. [From WISE and -ARD.] 

WIZEN (wiz'n), a. Shrunken; withered. [Ice. 
visiun.) 

WOAD (w6d), n. 1. Herb (Isatis tinctoria), cul- 
tivated for the blue dye obtained from its 
leaves. 2. Dye so obtained. [A. S. wad.] 

WODEN (wo'dn), n. The Anglo-Saxon for 
ODIN; Wednesday is called after him. 

WOE (wo), n. 1. Grief; sorrow; misery; heavy 
calamity. 2. Curse or prediction of disaster; 
as, woe to the liar. [A. S. wed.] 

WOEBEGONE (wo'be-gan), a. Overwhelmed or 
distracted with woe; immersed in grief and 
sorrow. 

WOEFUL, WOFUL (wo'fol), a. Sorrowful; 
wretched. 

WOEFULLY, WOFULLY (wo'fol-i), adv. In a 
woeful manner. 

WOEFULNESS, WOFULNESS (wo'fol-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being woeful. 

WOLD (wold), n. 1. Hilly tract of upland. 2. 
Forest. [A. S. weald, wood.] 

WOLF (wolf), n. [pi. WOLVES (wolvz).] 1. Wild, 
rapacious animal of the dog kind. 2. The de- 
structive larva of some beetles and moths. 
3. Starvation. [A. S. wulf.] 




Wolverene. 



WOLFISH (wolfish), a. Having the qualities of 
a wolf; rapacious. 

WOLFRAM (wolfram), n. 1. A blackish opaque 
mineral, iron-manganese tungstate; also called 
wolframite. 2. Tungsten. [Ger. wulf, wolf, and 
rahm, cream.] 

WOLVERENE, WOLVERINE (wol'ver-en), n. 
North American glut- 
ton, noted for its rapac- 
ity and cunning. — Wol- 
verene State, Michigan. 

WOMAN (wom'an), n. 
[pi. WOMEN (wim'en).] 

1. Female of man. 2. 
Women collectively. 

3. Womanly character; womanliness. 4. Fe- 
male attendant. [A. S. wifman (pi. wimmari) 
— wif, wife, and man, man.] 

WOMANHOOD (wom'an-hod), n. 1. Womanly 
state, character or qualities. 2. Womankind. 

WOMANISH (wom'an-ish), a. Feminine, in a 
disparaging sense; effeminate. 

WOMANKIND (wom'an-kind), n. Women col- 
lectively. 
'WOMANLIKE (wom'an -lik), a. Like a 
womanly. 

WOMANLINESS (wom'an-li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being womanly. 

WOMANLY (wom'an-li), a. Becoming o; 
suited to a woman; not masculine nor man- 
nish; not childish. 

WOMAN-SUFFRAGE (wom-an-suf raj),w. Right 
of women to vote and participate equally 
with men in the privileges of citizenship. 

WOMAN-SUFFRAGIST (wom-an-suf ra-jist), n. 
One who favors extending the suffrage to 
women. See SUFFRAGETTE. 

WOMB (worn), n. 1. Organ in which the young 
of mammals are developed, and kept till birth. 

2. Place where anything is generated. [A. S.] 
WOMBAT (wom'bat), n. Australian burrowing 

marsupial, of the genus Phascolomys, from two 
to three feet long. [Native name.] 

WOMEN (wim'en), n. Plural of WOMAN. 

WON (wun), v. Past tense and past participle of 
WIN. 

WONDER (wun'der), n. 1. State of mind pro- 
duced by something new, unexpected or extra- 
ordinary. 2. Strange thing; prodigy. [A. S. 
wundor.] 

WONDER (wun'der), vi. [pr.p. WONDERING; 
p.t. and p.p. WONDERED (wun'derd).] 1. Be 
struck with wonder; be amazed; marvel. 2. Be 
in a state of expectation, mingled with doubt 
and slight anxiety. 

WONDERBERRY (wun'der-ber-i), n. [pi. 
WON'DERBERRIES.] New species of berry 
produced by Luther Burbank, of Santa Rosa, 
California. 

WONDERFUL (wun'der-fol), a. Exciting won- 
der. 

SYN. Amazing; curious; extraordinary; 
marvelous; phenomenal; surprising; aston- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, mftve, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



WONDERFULLY 



1221 



WORD 



ishing; admirable. ANT. Common; every- 
day; customary; usual; expected. 

WONDERFULLY (wun'der-fpl-i), adv. In a 
wonderful manner. 

WONDERFULNESS (wun'der-fol-nes), n. Qual- 
ity or state of being wonderful. 

WONDERMENT (wun'der-ment), n. Emotion 
o,f wonder. 

WONDROUS (wun'drus), a. Such as to excite 
wonder; wonderful. 

WONT(wunt), I. a. Accustomed. II. n. Cus- 
tom; habit; use; usage. [A. S. wunian, dwell.] 

WONT (wunt), v. [pr.p. WONTING; p.t. WONT; 
p.p. WONT or WONTED.] I. vt. Accustom; 
habituate. II. vi. Be accustomed or habitu- 
ated. 

WON'T (wont). Contraction of WILL NOT. 

WOO (wo), v. [pr.p. WOO'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
WOOED (wod).] I. vt. 1. Court. 2. Seek to 
g«in or bring about; invite. II. vi. 1. Make 
love; court. 2. Solicit; seek. [A. S. wogian.] 

WOOD (wod), n. 1. Solid part of trees. 2. 
Trees cut or sawed. 3. Forest; often in the 
plural. [A. S. wudu.] 

WOOD (wod), vt. [pr.p. WOODING; p.t. and p.p. 
WOODED.] 1. Supply with wood. 2. Con- 
vert into a wood or forest. 

WOOD-ALCOHOL (wod'al-ko-hol), n. Poison- 
ous alcohol distilled from wood; also called 
methyl alcohol. It is used as a solvent and 
for burning in lamps. 

WOODBINE 
(wod'bin), n. 
1. Honey- 
suckle. 2. Vir- 
ginia creeper. 

WOODCHUCK v . 
(wod'chuk), ^#>1 
n. American i^^Sil 1 '/' 
marmot (Arc- %^i(|| 
tomysmonax); ^7^vM : 
groundhog, 
very destruc- 
tive to crops. 
[Am. Ind. we- 
jack, pekan.] 

WOODCOCK (wod'kok), n. 
snipe family. The 
American woodcock 
( Philohela minor) is 
about elevenincheslong, 
and the European spe- 
cies (Scolopax rusticola) 
fourteen inches. 

WOODCRAFT(wod'kraft), 
n. 1. Knowledge and 
skill gained by living in 
the woods. 2. The lum- 
bering-business. 

WOODCUT (wod'kut), n. 1. Engraving cut on 
wood. 2. Impression from it. 

WOODED (wod'ed), a. Supplied or covered with 
wood; abounding with trees. 




Woodchuck. 

Game-bird of the 




American Woodcock 
(Philohela minor). 



WOODEN (wod'n), a. 1. Made of wood. 2. 

Clumsy; stupid. 
WOOD-ENGRAVING (wod'en-gra-ving), n. 1. 
Art of engraving upon wood blocks for print- 
ing purposes. 2. Woodcut. See ENGRAVING. 

WOOD-FLOUR (wpd'flowr), n. Pulverized wood 
used to manufacture dynamite. 

WOODINESS (wod'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being woody. 

WOODLAND (wpd'land), I. a. Pertaining to 
woods. II. n. Land covered with wood or 
trees; forest. 

WOODMAN (wod'man), n. [pi. WOODMEN.] 
1. Man who cuts down trees. 2. Forest offi- 
cer. 3. Huntsman. 

WOODPECKER (wod'pek-er), n. Bird that 
pecks holes in the wood 
or bark of trees, in 
search for insects. 

WOOD-PULP (wod'pulp), 
n. Wood reduced to a 
pulp by mechanical or 
chemical means. It is 
used for making an in- 
ferior sort of paper, such 
as that on which many 
newspapers are printed. 

WOODRUFF (wod'ruf), n. 
Aromatic plant with 
leaves in whorls or ruffs, 
used to flavor May-wine. 
[A. S. wudurofe — wudu, 
wood, and ruff, frill.] 

WOODY (wod'i), a. 1. 
Abounding with wood 
or woods. 2. Consisting of wood, 
sembling or suggesting wood. 

WOOER (wo'er), n. One who woos; lover. 

WOOF (wof), n. Cross-threads of a woven fab- 
ric, laid by the shuttle; weft. 

WOOL (wol), n. Soft, curly hair of sheep, etc. 
[A. S. wull.] 

WOOLEN (wol'en), I. a. Made of or pertaining 
to wool. II. n. Cloth made of wool. 

WOOL-GATHERING (wol'gatft-er-ing) I. a. 
Indulging in idle fancies. II. n. Fruitless 
quest; trivial or purposeless employment, like 
picking wool from hedges; indulgence of idle 
fancies. 

WOOLLINESS (woli-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being woolly. 

WOOLLY (wol'i), a. 1. Consisting of, covered 
with, or like, wool. 2. Not clear or firm, as a 
husky voice or a vaporous style of painting. 

WOOLSACK (wol'sak), n. Seat of the lord chan- 
cellor, British House of Lords. 

WOOLWICH (wol'ich), n. Town in England, 
on the Thames. Site of Royal Arsenal. 

WORCESTER (wos'ter), n. I. Town in Eng- 
land, on the Severn River. 2. City in Massa- 
chusetts, on Blackstone River. 

WORD (wiird), n. 1. Oral or written sign ex- 
pressing an idea or notion. 2. Message. 3. 




Wilms* 'i^' 

Hairy Woodpecker 
{Dryobates villosus). 

3. Re- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
i\=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



WORD 



1222 



WORSE 



Command; signal. 4. Promise; declaration. 

5. [pi.] Verbal contention. [A. S.] 
WORD (wurd), vt. [pr.p. WORDING; p.t. and 

p.p. WORDED.] Express in words; phrase. 
WORDBOOK (wiirdbok), n. Lexicon. 
WORDILY (wurd'i-li), adv. In a wordy manner. 
WORDINESS (wflrd'i-nes), n. Quality or state 

of being wordy. 
WORDING (wurd'ing), n. Act, manner, or style 

of expressing in words. 
WORDY (wurd'i), a. 1. Full of words; diffuse. 

2. Consisting of words; as, a wordy combat. 

3. Verbose; prolix. 

WORE (wor), v. Past tense of WEAR. 

WORK (wurk), n. 1. Effort directed to an end; 
toil. 2. The results of any efforts; product; 
fabric; composition, etc. 3. That on which 
one works; material; trade. 4. [pi.] Struc- 
tures; factory; running gear. 5. [pi.] Moral 
acts as opposed to grace and faith. [A. S. 
weorc] 

WORK (wurk), v. [pr.p. WORKING; p.t. and 
p.p. WORKED (wurkt), or WROUGHT (rat).} 

1. vi. 1. Make efforts; labor; toil. 2. Be 
occupied in business or labor. 3. Produce 
effects; operate. 4. Strain. 5. Ferment. 
II. vt. 1. Make by labor. 2. Bring into any 
state by action. 3. Give labor to. 4. Manage; 
handle. 5. Cause to ferment. 6. Embroid- 
er. 7. Solve. 8. Purge. 9. Wheedle. (Colloq.) 

WORKABLE (wurk'a-bl), a. 1. Capable of 
being worked. 2. Fit for or worth working. 

WORKADAY (wurk'a-da), a. Plodding; toiling. 

WORKER (wurk'er), n. 1. One who works; 
laborer; toiler. 2. Sterile female bee or ant; 
working bee or working ant; neuter. 

WORKHOUSE (wurk'hows), n. 1. Workshop. 

2. Almshouse; poorhouse. 3. Eng. Law. 
House in which paupers are lodged, where 
those of them who are able-bodied are com- 
pelled to work. 

WORKING (wurk'ing), a. 1. Engaged in work; 

as, the working- classes. 2. Adapted for doing 

work. 3. Used in active business; as, working 

capital. 4. Adapted to a workman's use. 
WORKING-MAN (wurk'ing-man), n. [pi. 

WORKING-MEN.] One who lives by manual 

labor; mechanic; laborer. 
WORKMAN (wiirk'man), n. [pi. WORKMEN.] 

1. Working-man. 2. Skillful artificer; 

craftsman; artisan. 
WORKMANLIKE (wurk'man-lik), I. a. Like 

or becoming a skillful workman. II. adv. 

In a skillful manner. 
WORKMANSHIP (wurk'man-ship), n. 1. Skill 

of a workman. 2. Manner of making. 3. 

Something made by manual labor. 
WORKSHOP (wurk'shop), n. Building or room 

where any work or handicraft is carried on. 
WORKWOMAN (wurk' wom-an),n. [pi. WORK- 
WOMEN (wiirk'wim-en).] Woman who earns 

her living by manual labor. 
WORLD (wurld), n. 1. Universe; creation. 2. 




Tobacco Worm. 



The earth and its inhabitants. 3. Total of in- 
terest, views, etc., one has. 4. Secular affairs 
of life. 5. Human race. 6. Great deal. [A. 
S., generation — wer, man, and yldo, age.] 

WORLDLINESS (wurld'li-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being worldly. 

WORLDLY (wurld'li), a. 1. Temporal; secular; 
human. 2. Earthly, as opposed to heavenly 
or spiritual; carnal; sordid. 

WORLDLY-MINDED (wurld'li-mind-ed), a. De- 
voted to the acquisition of worldly or temporal 
possessions, gain, or pleasure; carnal-minded. 

WORM (wurm), n. 1. Any small creeping animal 
with very short 
legs or without 
any. 2. Debased 
being. 3. Se- 
cret agent of 
decay or de- 
struction, as re- 
morse or sin. 
4. Anything spi- 
ral or similar 
to a worm, as 
the thread of a 
screw. 5. Any 
zigzag winding, as of a screw, tube of a still, 
a rail fence, etc. 6. [pi.] Helminthic disorder 
of the intestines. [A. S. wyrm.] 

WORM (wurm), v. [pr.p. WORM'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WORMED (wiirmd).] I. vi. Work slow- 
ly or secretly. II. vt. 1. Insinuate (one's 
self) in as, or like, a worm. 2. Effect by slow 
and secret means. 3. Remove; draw (with 
out or from). 4. Make smooth, as a rope, by 
filling the grooves between the strands. 

WORM-EATEN (wurm'et-n), a. 1. Bored 
through by worms. 2. Dilapidated; defaced; 
worn-out. 

WORMS (wiirmz), n. City in Hesse-Darmstadt, 
Germany. 

WORMWOOD (wiirm'wod), n. 1. Aromatic, 
bitter plant; absinthium. 2. Bitterness; af- 
fliction. [A. S. wer mod, preserve the mind. 
From its reputed medicinal virtues.] 

WORMY (wxirm'i), a. 1. Abounding with 
worms. 2. Worm-eaten. 

WORN (worn), a. 1. Affected by attrition, as a 
rock or pavement. 2. Showing the results of 
wear, as a garment, or of illness, as a body. 3. 
Exhausted, as land or a portion of time. 4. 
Used to adorn. 

WORRY (wfir'i), v. [pr.p. WOR'RYING; p.t. and 
p.p. WORRIED (wur'id).] I. vt. 1. Seize by 
the throat; tear with the teeth. 2. Harass or 
vex, as with care, importunity or persecution. 
II. vi. 1. Be unduly anxious. 2. Be en- 
gaged in biting, as dogs in fighting. [A. S. 
wyrgan, strangle.] 

SYN. Bother; plague; pester; tease; dis- 
turb; annoy; afflict; molest; torment. ANT. 
Soothe; calm; gratify; please; quiet; amuse. 

WORSE (wurs), I. a. [comp. of BAD.] 1. Bad 



late, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, but, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



WORSHIP 



1223 



WRECK 



or evil in a greater degree. 2. More sick. 
II. adv. 1. In a manner or degree more evil 
or bad. 2. Less well. 3. More. III. n. That 
which is worse. [A. S. wyrsa — root in O. H. 
Ger. werran, confuse.] 

WORSHIP (wur' ship), n. 1. Religious homage ; 
honor paid to God. 2. Similar homage to- 
ward a person or thing held high. 3. Title of 
honor, [A. S. weorthscipe — weorth, worthy.] 

WORSHIP (wur'ship), v. [pr.p. WOR'SHIPING; 
p.t. and p.p. WORSHIPED (wfir'shipt).] I. vt. 
1. Pay divine honors to; adore. 2. Love or 
admire inordinately; idolize. II. vi. Per- 
form religious services. 

WORSHIPER (wur'ship-er), n. One who wor- 
ships. 

WORSHIPFUL (wur'ship-fQl), a. Worthy of 
honor; honorable. 

WORST (wurst), I. a. [superl. of BAD.] 1. Had 
in the highest degree. 2. Of the least value 
or worth. II. adv. 1. In the most inferior 
manner or degree. 2. Most or least, accord- 
ing to the sense expressed by the verb. 3. 
To the extreme degree of badness. III. n. 
That which is worst. 

WORST (wurst), vt. [pr.p. WORSTING; p.t. and 
p.p. WORST 'ED.] Get the better of in a con- 
test; defeat. 

WORSTED (wost'ed or wiirs'ted), n. 1. Hard- 
twisted thread or yarn spun out of long, 
combed wool. 2. Light-twisted woolen yarn 
for embroidery, etc. 3. Alpaca or mohair 
wool used for making braid. [Worsted (now 
Worstead), a village In England.] 

WORT (wflrt), n. Plant; cabbage. [A. S. wyrt. 
Cf. Ger. wurz, root.] 

WORT (wflrt), n. An infusion of malt. [A. S. 
wyrte — wyrt, wort.] 

WORTH (wflrth), I. n. Value. II. a. 1. 
Equal in value to. 2. Deserving of. 3. Rich 
to the amount of. [A. S. weorth. Cf. Ger. wert.] 

WORTHILY (wflr'*fti-li), adv. In a worthy 
manner; suitably. 

WORTHINESS (wfir'*M-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being worthy. 

WORTHLESS (wflrth'les), o. Of no value; 
useless. 

WORTHLESSLY (wflrth'les-li), adv. In a worth- 
less manner. 

WORTHLESSNESS (wflrth'les-nes), n. Quality 
or state of being worthless. 

WORTHY (wur'tfti), I. a. [comp. WOR'THIER; 
superl. WORTHIEST.] 1. Valuable; deserv- 
ing. 2. Suitable for or adapted to some speci- 
fied thing. II. n. [pi. WORTHIES.] 1. Man 
of eminent worth. 2. Man of local promi- 
nence. 

WOULD (wod), v. Past tense of WILL, auxiliary. 

WOULD-BE (wQd'be), I. a. Desiring or claim- 
ing to be; as, a would-be poet. II. n. Vain 
pretender. 

WOUND (wownd), v. Past tense and past parti- 
ciple of WIND. 



WOUND (wond or wownd), n. 1. Injury caused 
by violence, especially one accompanied by a 
breaking of the skin and flesh; cut; bruise. 2. 
Any injury or cause of pain. [A. S. wund.] 

WOUND (wond or wownd), v. [pr.p. WOUND'- 
ING; p.t. and p.p. WOUNDED.] I. vt. 1. In- 
flict a wound on. 2. Hurt the feelings of. II. 
vi. Inflict physical or moral hurt or injury. 

WRACK (rak), n. 1. Seaweed drifted ashore. 
2. Shipwreck. 3. Ruin; destruction. [See 
WRECK.] 

WRAITH (rath), n. 1. Apparition of a living 
person, ominous of that person's death. 2. 
Any similar vision; specter; ghost. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

WRANGLE (rang'gl), vi. [pr.p. WRAN'GLING; 
p.t. and p.p. WRANGLED (rang'gld).] Dispute 
noisily; squabble. [Etym. doubtful.] 

WRANGLE (rang'gl), n. Noisy dispute; alter- 
cation. 

WRANGLER (rang'gler), n. One who wrangles 
or engages in noisy disputes. 

WRAP (rap) , v. [pr. p. WRAP PING ; p.t. and p. p. 
WRAPPED (rapt).] I. vt. 1. Roll or fold to- 
gether. 2. Cover with something wound 
round. 3. Envelope; surround. II. vi. Per- 
form the act of wrapping. [Etym. doubtful; 
probably from the root of WARP.] 

WRAP (rap), n. Wrapper; shawl; cloak. 

WRAPPER (rap'er), n. 1. One who wraps. 2. 
Loose outer garment of a woman. 3. That in 
which anything is wrapped or inclosed; outer 
covering; envelope. 

WRATH (rath), n. 1. Violent anger. 2. Ex- 
treme passion. [A. S. wrath, wrathful.] 

WRATHFUL (rath'fol), a. Full or expressive of 
wrath. 

SYN. Angry; raging; incensed; impetu- 
ous; furious; indignant; irate; exasperated; 
resentful; choleric; irascible; passionate; 
hot; wrathy. ANT. Calm; gentle; genial; 
kind; good-natured. 

WRATHY (rath'i), a. Disposed to wrath. 

WREAK (rek), vt. [pr.p. WREAK 'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WREAKED (rekt).] 1. Inflict, as a pun- 
ishment or revenge. 2. Execute (itself), as a 
wrath or enthusiasm, upon. [A. S. wrecan, 
urge, revenge.] 

WREATH (reth), n. 1. Twisted circular form; 
garland. 2. Any twisted or curled band, as of 
smoke. [A. S. wraith — writhan, twist.] 

WREATHE (reth), v. [pr.p. WREATHING; p.t. 
and p.p. WREATHED (rethd).] I. vt. 1. 
Form into a circular or spiral twisted band, as 
flowers or ribbons. 2. Form out of such ma- 
terial, as a garland. 3. Infold or entwine 
with, or as with, a wreath. II. vi. Take the 
form of a wreath; curl; entwine. 

WRECK (rek), n. 1. Destruction. 2. That 
which remains after destruction. 3. Vessel 
disabled. 4. Goods or material cast ashore. 
5. Wrack. [A. S. wrote, misery.] 

SYN. Ruin; havoc; debris; rubbish; de- 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



WRECK 



1334 



WRISTBAND 



struction. ANT Conservation; preserva- 
tion; recovery. 

WRECK (rek), vt. [pr.p. WRECK' tNG; p.t. and 
p.p. WRECKED (rekt).] 1. Cause to suffer 
shipwreck. 3. Destroy; smash up; as, to 
wreck a train, wreck a building. 3. Ruin the 
prospects of. 

WRECKAGE (rek'aj), n. 1. Act of wrecking or 
state of being wrecked. 3. Ruins or remains 
of a wrecked ship or cargo, or of a wrecked 
building. 

WRECKER (rek'er), n. 1. One who plunders, 
or works upon, the wrecks of ships. 3. One 
who causes ships to be wrecked. 3. Vessel 
employed by wreckers. 4. One whose business 
it is to tear down buildings preparatory to the 
erection of new ones on their sites. 

WRECKING (reking), a. Of or pertaining to 
wreckage or wrecks. 

WRECKING-CAR (rek'ing-kar), n. Railway- 
car fitted up with powerful tackle, etc., for re- 
moving heavy obstacles from tracks. 

WRECKING-COMPANY (rek'ing-kum-pa-ni) , 
n. 1. Company engaged in saving wrecked 
vessels or their cargoes. 3. Company engaged 
in the business of tearing down buildings and 
disposing of the wreckage. 

WRECKING-CREW (rek'ing-kr«), n. 1. Body 
of men engaged in operating a wrecking-car 
or in saving wrecked vessels or their cargoes. 
3. Body of men employed to intimidate or 
slug persons who take the places of striking 
laborers. (Colloq.) 

WREN (ren), n. Small insectivorous singing 
bird easily tamed. [A. 
S. wrenna,] 

WRENCH (rench), vt. [pr, 
p. WRENCHING; p.t. 
and p.p. WRENCHED 
(rencht).] 1. Pull with 
a twist. 3. Force by 
violence. 3. Injure by 
twisting; sprain. [A. S. 
wrencan.] 

WRENCH (rench), n. 1. 
Violent twist. 3. Sprain. 
3. Instrument for turn- House Wren (Troglody- 
ing nuts or bolts. tes aedon). 

WREST (rest), vt. [pr.p. WRESTING; p.t. and 
p.p. WRESTED.] 1. Extort by force. 3. 
Twist from truth, or from its uatural meaning. 
[A. S. wrcestan.] 

WREST (rest), n. 1. Violent twisting; distor- 
tion. 3. Key for tuning a stringed instrument. 

WRESTLE (res'l), v. [pr.p. WRESTLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WRESTLED (res'ld).] I. vt. Con- 
tend with in wrestling. II. vi. 1. Contend 
by grappling with and trying to throw down 
another. 3. Struggle. 3. Make earnest sup- 
plication. [A. S. wrcestlian. Akin to WREST J 

WRESTLE (res'l), n. Act of wrestling. 

WRESTLER (res'ler), n. One who wrestles; one 
who is skilled in wrestling. 




WRESTLING (res'ling), n. Struggle to throw an 
adversary; art of throwing another, contest be- 
tween two with the object of forcing to the 
ground or mat the adversary's two hips and a 
shoulder or two shoulders and a hip. — Arm 
wrestling, trial of strength in which two clasp 
hands and, keeping elbows on a table or other 
raised flat surface, each attempts to force down 
the other's hand till it touches. — Finger wres- 
tling, trial of strength in which two interlock 
middle fingers and each attempts to twist over 
the arm of the other. — Indian wrestling, trial 
of strength in which two clasp hands and each 
attempts by pulling, pushing, or twisting to 
make the other move a foot out of the position 
taken at the beginning. 

WRETCH (rech), n. 1. Miserable person. 3. 
One sunk in vice; despicable person. [A. S. 
wrecca, outcast.] 

WRETCHED (rech'ed), a. 1. Very miserable; 
sorrowful; dejected; melancholy. 3. Worth- 
less; vile; despicable. 

WRETCHEDLY (rech'ed-li), adv. In a wretched 
manner. 

WRETCHEDNESS (rech'ed-nes), w. Quality or 
state of being wretched. 

WRIGGLE (rig'l), v. [pr.p. WRIG'GLING; p.t. 
and p.p. WRIGGLED (rigid).] I. vt. Put into 
a writhing or twisting motion. II. vi. 1. 
Move with writhing contortions or twistings of 
the body. 3. Proceed in a mean, despicable 
manner. [Dut. wriggelen.] 

WRIGGLER (rig'ler), n. 1. One who, or that 
which wriggles. 3. Lively larva, as of the 
mosquito, in stagnant water. 

WRIGHT (rit), n. Artisan; worker; maker; as, 
wheelwright, shipwright, playwright. [A. S. 
wyrhta — wyrcan, work.] 

WRING (ring), vt. [pr.p. WRINGING; p.t. and 
p.p. WRUNG (rung).] 1. Twist; twist in the 
hands. 3. Strain or break by twisting. 3. 
Torture. 4. Force out by twisting; squeeze 
out the water from. [A. S. wringan.] 

WRINGER (ring'er), n. 1. One who wrings. 3. 
Clothes-wringer, a device with adjustable rub- 
ber rollers for pressing the water out of clothes 
after washing. 

WRINKLE (ring'kl),«. 1. Small ridge or fur- 
row; crease; corrugation. 3. Fad; notion. 
[A. S. wrincle.] 

WRINKLE (ring'kl), v. [pr.p. WRIN'KLING; 
p.t. and p.p. WRINKLED (ring'kld).] L vt. 
Form or cause wrinkles in; corrugate. II. vi. 
Become contracted into wrinkles; shrink into 
furrows and ridges. 

WRINKLED (ring'kld), a. Marked with wrin- 
kles or furrows. 

WRINKLY (ringkli), a. 1. Somewhat wrinkled. 
3. Having a tendency to become wrinkled. 

WRIST (rist), n. 1. Joint by which the hand is 
united to the arm; carpus. 3. Wrist-pin. 

WRISTBAND (ristband), n. Part of sleeve cov- 
ering the wrist. [A. S.] 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\i=u in ' Scotch gude; oil owl, Men. kh=c/i in Scotch Loch. 



WRISTLET 



1225 



WYOMING 



WRISTLET (rist'let), n. 1. Rand worn on the 
wrist. 2. Hracelet. 3. Handcuff. (Colloq.) 

WRIST-PIN (rist'pin), n. Mach. Pin on which 
a connecting-rod turns. 

WRIT (rit), n. 1. Writing. 2. Written man- 
datory order under seal, issued by a court, by 
which one is summoned or requested to do 
something. — Holy Writ, the Scriptures. — Writ 
of execution, writ commanding a judgment to 
be executed. [A. S. wrltan, write.] 

WRITE (rit), v. [pr.p. WRITING; p.t. WROTE 
(rot); p.p. WRITTEN (rit'n).] I. vi. 1. Form 
letters, etc., with a pen or pencil. 2. Do wri- 
ting, as a clerk, author, correspondent, etc. If. 
vt. 1. Enter; note down. 2. Express in wri- 
ting. 3. Tell or designate by writing. 4. Com- 
pose. 5. Cover with writing. [A. S. writan.] 

WRITER (ri'ter), n. 1. One who or a machine 
which writes. 2. Rook of directions for wri- 
ting, as a letter-irrifer. 3. Author; journalist, 
or the like; as, a writer for the press. 

WRITHE (rith), v [pr.p. WRITHING; p.U and 
p.p. WRITHED (rithd).] I. vt. Distort. II. 
vi. Twist the body about, as in pain; as, he 
writhed in agony. [A. S. writhan.] 

WRITING (ri'ting), n. 1. Act of forming let- 
ters, etc. 2. That which is written; written 
instrument. 3. Handwriting. 

WRITING-ROOK (ri'ting-bok), n. Rlank paper 
book, generally ruled, for practice in penman- 
ship; copy-book. 

WRITING-DESK (ri'ting-desk), n. Desk with a 
broad, sloping top, for writing on. 

WRITING-PAPER (ri'ting-pa-per), n. Paper 
with a smoothed and sized surface so as to be 
adapted for writing upon. 

WRITING-TELEGRAPH (ri'ting-tel-e-graf), n. 
Telegraphic instrument which sends auto- 
graphic messages; telautograph. 

WRITTEN (rit'n), I. v. Past participle of WRITE. 

II. a. Reduced to writing; committed to paper, 
etc., with pen and ink or other material: op- 
posed to ORAL or SPOKEN. — Written law, 
law as contained in a statute or statutes as 
distinguished from UNWRITTEN LAW. 

WRONG (rang), I. a. 1. Not morally right; 
deviating from rectitude. 2. Not physically 
right; not fit or suitable. 3. Not in accordance 
with the facts or truth. 4. In error. II. adv. 
In anUmproper or erroneous manner; wrongly. 

III. n. 1. That which is not right. 2. Any 
violation of right, duty, or property. 3. Any 
injury, mischief, hurt, damage or insult done 
in violation of right or of divine or human 
law. [A. S. wrang, perverted — wrang, p.t. of 
wringan, wring.] 

SYN. Disordered; perverse; awry; amiss; 
erroneous; improper; mistaken; faulty; in- 
correct; unfit; immoral; unfair; unjust. 
ANT. Right; fair; just; legal; fit; proper. 
WRONG (rang), vt. [pr.p. WRONG' ING; p.t. and 
p.p. WRONGED (rangd).] 1. Treat with in- 
justice. 2. Impute evil unjustly to. 



WRONG-DOER (rang'do-er), n. 1. One who 
does wrong. 2. Law. One who commits a 
tort or trespass. 

WRONG-DOING (rang'do-ing), n. The doing or 
committing of any wrong; evil-doing; be- 
havior the opposite of that which is right. 

WRONGER (rang'er), n. One who does wrong 
or injury to another in any way. 

WRONGFUL (rang'fol), a. Not founded on right 
or justice; unjust; wrong. 

WRONGFULNESS (rang'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being wrongful; injustice; iniquity. 

WRONGHEADED (rang'hed-ed), a. Having the 
mind or brain occupied with false or wrong 
notions; especially, perversely and obstinately 
wrong; perverse; crotchety. 

WRONGHEADEDLY (rang'hed-ed-li), adv. In 
a wrongheaded or perverse manner; perversely. 

WRONGHEADEDNESS (rang'hed-ed-nes), n. 
Quality or state of being wrongheaded; per- 
verseness. 

WRONGLY (rang'li), adv. In a wrong manner. 

WRONGMINDED (rang'mind-ed), a. Having a 
mind wrongly inclined; entertaining errone- 
ous or distorted views. 

WRONGNESS (rang'nes), n. 1. Quality or state 
of being wrong. 2. Wrong idea, habit or 
feeling; fault. 

WROTE (rot), v. Past tense of WRITE. 

WROTH (rath), o. Wrathful. [A. S., wrath 
angry — wrUhan, writhe. See WREATH,] 

WROUGHT (rat), v. Past tense and past partici- 
ple of WORK; now archaic except in the sense 
of effecting or working into shape. 

WROUGHT-IRON (rat'i-urn), n. Iron capable 
of being wrought into form by forging or 
rolling, and that can be welded; malleable 
iron. 

WRUNG (rung), v. Past tense and past participle 
of WRJLNG. 

WRY (ri), o. Twisted or turned to one side. [From 
root of WRITHE.] 

WRYLY (ri'li), adv. In a wry or distorted way. 

WRYNECK (ri'nek), n. 1. Twisted neck. 2. 
Small bird, allied to 
the wood-pecker, 
which twists round 
its head strangely 
when surprised. 

WRYNESS (ri'nes), n. 
Quality or state of 
being wry. 

WURTTEMRERG 
(vur'tem-berkh), n. 
Kingdom in S. Ger- 
many. Capital, Stutt- 
gart. Area 7,529 
sq. m. 

WURZRURG (vlirts'- 
bfirkh), n. Town, 
N. W. Davaria, Germany, on the Main. 

WYOMING (wi-6'ming), n. One of the United 
States. Capital, Cheyenne. Area, 97,575 sq. m. 




Wryneck (lynx tonquilla). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn* 
" ii=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



1226 



XEROPHYTE 




X (eks), n. [pi. X'S (eks'ez).] 
Twenty - fourth letter of the 
alphabet. Usually it has the 
sound of ks, as in ax, axes. 
When used at the beginning 
of a word it has the sound of 
z, as in xylophone. In some 
cases, especially in an un- 
accented syllable before an 
accented one, it has the sound of gz, as in 
exert, exhaust, exotic* 

XANOL (zan'ol), n. Chem. Sodium caffein 
salicylate, used in medicine as a diuretic. 
[Trade name.] 

XANTHAMIDE (zanth'am-id), n. Chem. Crys- 
talline substance produced by passing an am- 
moniacal into an alcoholic solution of xanthic 
ether. [Gr. xanthos, yellow, and AMIDE.] 

XANTHATE (zan'that), n. A salt of xanthic acid. 

XANTHETN (zan'the-in), n. Matter in flowers 
which imparts to them a yellow color, and is 
soluble in water. Compare XANTHIN. [Gr. 
xanthos, yellow.] 

XaNTHIAN (zan'thi-an), a. Pertaining to or 
brought from Xanthus; as, the Xanthian 
marbles in the British museum. 

XANTHIC (zan'thik), a. Tending toward a yel- 
low color. — Xanthic acid, acid consisting of 
bisulphate of carbon, water, and oxide of 
ethyl or ether. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] 

XANTHIDIUM (zan-thid'i-um), n. [pi. XAN- 
THID'IA.] Minute organic fossil found in the 
flint and chalk of England. [Gr. xanthos, 
yellow.] 

XANTHIN (zan'thin), n. Yellow coloring matter 
in flowers, which is not soluble in water. 
Compare XANTHEIN. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] 

XANTHITE (zan'thit), n. Min. Light-gray or 
yellow mineral composed of silica, alumina, 
lime, peroxid of iron, and manganese. [Gr. 
xanthos, yellow, and -ITE.] 

XaNTHIUM (zan'thi-um), n. Genus of coarse 
weedy plants of the aster family, including the 
common cocklebur. [Gr. xanthos, yellow.] 

XANTHOCON (zan'tho-kon), XANTHOCONITE 
(zan-thok'6-nit), n. Min. Mineral consisting 
of sulphur, arsenic, and silver, of a yellow 
color when reduced to powder. [Gr. xanthos, 
yellow, and konis, powder.] 

XANTHOCROI (zan-thok'rd-I), n.pl. Name ap- 
plied by Huxley to a population, in early times 
extending from Western and Central Asia into 
Eastern and Central Europe, and distin- 
guished by yellow or red hair, blue eyes and 
fair complexion. [Gr. xanthochroos, with yel- 
low skin — xanthos, yellow, and chros, skirt.] 

XANTHOSIA (zan-tho'zi-a), n. Genus of plants 
characterized by a covering of yellow down. 
[Gr. xanthos, yellow.] 

XANTHOUS (zan'thus), a. 1. Relating to the 

• Mongolian or yellow races. 2. Relating to 
the yellow-haired tribes, as the Scandina- 
vians and Teutons. 




XANTHOXYLUM (zanth-oks'i-lum), n. Genus 
of trees and shrubs with yellow wood, char- 
acterized by pungent aromatic qualities. [Gr. 
xanthos, yellow, and xylon, wood.] 

XANTIPPE (zan-tip'e), n. Quarrelsome woman; 
scold. [From Xantippe, wife of Socrates.] 

XEBEC (ze'bek), n. Small three-masted vessel, 
with both square 
and lateen sails, 
much used by 
the former cor- 
sairs of Algiers. 
[Sp. — Turk, sum," 
beki.] 

XENIUM(ze'ni-um),! 
n. [pi. XENIA: 
(ze'ni-a).] Pres- 
ent given to a 
guest. [L. — Gr. "^ 
xenion, gift to a 
stranger.] Xebec - 

XeNOCICHLA (zen-6-sik'la), n. Genus of 
African birds of many species such as the 
yellow-browed, the red-billed, the chestnut- 
tailed, and the honey-guide (X. indicator) ; 
Ethiopian bulbul. [Gr. xenos, strange, and 
kichle, thrush.] 

XENOGAMY (zen-og'a-mi), n. Bot. Cross- 
fertilization; fecundation of the ovules of one 
flower by pollen from the stamens of another 
flower (usually of another individual plant). 
[Gr. xenos, strange, and gamos, marriage.] 

XENON (ze'non), n. Rarified gas discovered in 
the atmosphere, also found in uranium. [Gr. 
xenos, strange.] 

XENOPICUS (zen-6-pi'kus), n. Genus of black- 
bodied, white-headed woodpeckers of the 
Pacific coast, frequenting the pine forests of 
the mountains. The male has a scarlet cres- 
cent on the back of his neck. [Gr. xenos, 
strange, and L. picus, woodpecker.] 

XENORHIPIS (zen-6-ri'pis), w. Genus of beetles 
containing only one species, namely Xenorhi- 
pis brendeli, of Illinois, the only beetle of 
the family Buprestidw (literally, ox-swellers), 
which has in the male fan-shaped antenna?. 
[Gr. xenos, strange, and rhipis, fan.] 

XENOS (ze'nos), n. Genus of minute insects, 
parasitic in the abdo- 
men of wasps, where 
the wingless females of 
worm-like form live, 
while the males areE 
capable of flight, hav-\ 
ing only the fore-wings 
atrophied, the hind- 
wings being well de- 
veloped. [Gr. xenos, 
strange.] 

XERES (ha/res), n. Town in S. Spain. 

XEROPHYTE (ze'rd-fit), n. Plant adapted to 
live under dry conditions of air and soil. [Gr. 
xeros, dry, and phyton, plant.] 




Xeiiod (d.duk Uuale). 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



XEROPHYLLUM 



1227 



XYSTICUS 



XEROPHYLLUM (ze-ro-fil'um), n. Genus of 
perennial plants with tall straight stem, harsh, 
stiff, long leaves, and showy white flowers in a 
long raceme; called in English, turkey-beard. 
[Gr. xeros, dry, and phyllon, leaf.] 

XEROSIS (ze-ro'sis), n. Pathol. Abnormal, 
harsh dryness of a part of the skin or of a 
mucous membrane. [Gr. xeros, dry.] 

XEROSTOMIA (ze-ro-sto'mi-a), n. Pathol. 
Dryness of the mouth. [Gr. xeros, dry, and 
stoma, mouth.] 

XEROTES (ze'ro-tez), n. Pathol. Habitual 
dryness of the body. [Gr. xerotes, dryness.] 

XEROTRIBIA (ze-ro-trib'i-a), n. Dry rubbing. 
[Gr. xeros, dry, and tribd, rub.] 

XERUS (ze'rus), n. Genus of ground-squirrels 
with bristly or spiny fur and large bushy tail, 
inhabiting Africa. [Gr. xeros, dry, referring to 
fur] 

XeSTOBIUM (zes-to'bi-um), n. Genus of small 
beetles with saw-like antennae and the habit 
of boring through the bark of trees. [Gr. 
xestos, scraped, smoothed, and bioo, live.] 

XlNGU (shing-go'), n. River, Brazil, tributary 
of the Amazon. 

XIPHOID (zif'oid), a. Sword-shaped. [Gr. 
xiphos, sword, and eidos, form.] 

XlPHOPHORUS (zi-fof'o-rus), n. Genus of 
fishes having 
in the male 
the 1 owe r 
rays of the 
caudal fin 
extended in- 
to a sword- 
shaped ap- 
pendage. 

XIPHOPHYLLOUS (zif-o-fil'us), a. Bot. Hav- 
ing sword-shaped leaves. [Gr. xiphos, sword, 
and phyllon, leaf.] 

XlPHOSOMA (zif-6-so'ma), n. Genus of large 
non-poisonous constricting serpents of the 
boa family, with two small rudimentary hind 
legs and distensible mouth, including the 
species X. caninum, the "dog-headed" boa. 
[Gr. xiphos, sword, and soma, body.] 

XlPHYDRIA (zl-fid'ri-a), n. Genus of wasp-like 
insects with long necks, whence their English 
name — camel-wasps, common in willow-trees 
and hedges. [Gr. xiphydrion, shell-fish — xi- 
phos. sword.] 

XMAS. Abbreviation for CHRISTMAS. The 
symbol X is not the same letter as the English 
X, but represents the Greek X=Ch. 

XOANON (zo'a-non), n. Primitive Greek statue 
in wood oi» in stone but with the technique 
of woodwork. [Gr. xeo, carve.] 

XONALTITE (zo-nal'tit), n. Min. Whitish or 
blue-gray native calcium silicate named for 
Xonalta, Mexico, where it occurs. 

X-RAY (eks-ra/)» a. Pertaining to or produced 
by X-rays; as, an X-ray tube, an X-ray 
picture, etc. 




Xiphophorus (Xiphophorus monte- 
zumce). 




Man's hand as seen under the 
X-rays. 



Pertaining 



X-RAY (eks-ra'), vt. [pr.p. X-RAY'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. X-RAYED (eks-rad').] 1. Apply X-rays 
to, as in the examination of the interior parts 
of the body. 2. Take an X-ray picture or 
radiograph of. 

X-RAYS (eks-raz'), n.pl. Same as ROENTGEN- 
RAYS. 

XYLOGRAPH 
(zi'lo-graf), n. 
An engraving 
on wood, or 
an impression 
from such an 
engraving. 
[Gr. xylon, 
wood, and 
-GRAPH.] 

XTLO GRA- 
PHER (zl- 
log'ra-fer), n. 
One who en- 
graves on wood. 

X YLOGRAPHIC ( zi-16-graf'ik ) s a. 
to xylography. 

XYLOGRAPHY (zi-log'ra-fi), n. 1. Act or art 
of engraving on wood. 2. Mode of printing 
or graining from the natural surface of the 
wood. 

XYLOID (zi'loid), a. Woody; resembling wood. 
[Gr. xylon, wood, and eidos, form.] 

XYLOIDINE (zi-loi'din), n. High explosive 
(C 6 H 9 N0 7 ) formed by the action of nitric acid 
on xyloid fiber or on starch. 

XYLOMELUM (zi-16-melum), n. Genus of 
Australian trees or tall shrubs including 
Xylomelum pyriforme, the wooden-pear tree, 
whose deceptive fruit looks like a common 
pear but consists of tough woody substance — 
the wood of its trunk, however, being used in 
cabinet-making. [Gr. xylon, wood, and melon, 
apple.] 

XYLOPHONE (zi'lo-fon), n. Musical instrument, 
consisting of a gradu- 
ated series of wooden 
bars and sounded by, 
means of small wooden 
hammers. [Gr. xylon, 
wood, and phone, sound.] 

XYRIS (zi'ris), n. Genus of tufted 



Xylophone. 



herbs with 

two-edged flat stems, grass-like leaves, and 
small flower-heads with yellow petals which 
give it the English name yellow-eyed grass. 
[Gr. xyris, iris — xyron, razor — xyo, scrape.] 

XYST (zist), n. Ancient Arch. Long roofed 
portico or roofless court, or tree-planted 
garden alley. [Gr. xystos, portico — xystos, 
polished — xyo, scrape.] 

XYSTER (zis'ter), n. Surgeon's instrument for 
scraping bones. [Gr. xyo, scrape.] 

XYSTICUS (zis'ti-kus), n. Genus of sidewise- 
running spiders of the family Thomisidm or 
crab-spiders, with thirty North American 
species. [Gr. xystikos, pertaining to scraping.] 



€ 

< 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; 
ii=w in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, k.h.=ch in Scotch loch. 



mute, hut, burn, 



1228 



YARD 




y (wi), n. [pi. Y'S (wiz).] 
Twenty-fifth letter of the 
alphabet. At the beginning of 
syllables it is a palatal con- 
sonant, as in yard, beyond. 
In the middle and at the end 
of syllables it is a vowel, and 
is precisely the same as i, as 
hymn, dry, army. In the 
phonetic respelling of some 
foreign words it has its consonantal sound 
although not beginning a syllable, as in 
fiord (fyord). 
T-, prefix. Used in Middle English past parti- 
ciples, as yclept, yclad. [A. S. ge-.] 
TACCA (yak*a), n. West Indian tree (Podocarpus 
coriacea), whose wood is used as an orna- 
mental timber for cabinet work. [Native 
name.] 
YACHT (yot), n. Light and often elegantly fltted- 
up vessel, used either for racing or for pleasure 
trips, or as an official or state vessel to convey 
royal personages or government officials from 
place to place. [Dut. jagt — jagen, chase, speed.] 




Yacht. 

YACHT (yot), vi. [pr.p. YACHTING; p.t. and 
p.p. YACHTED.] Sail or cruise about in a 
yacht; manage a yacht. 

YACHTER (yot'er), n. Same as YACHTSMAN. 

YACHTING (yot'ing), n. Act or practice of 
managing or sailing in a yacht. 

YACHTSMAN (yots'man), n. [pl.YACHTS'MEN.] 
One who keeps or sails a yacht; one who is 
skilled in the management of a yacht. 

YACHTSMANSHIP (yots'man-ship), n. Art or 
science of managing a yacht. 

YAFFLE (yaf'l), n. Green woodpecker (Geci- 
nus viridis). 

iAHOO (ya-ho' or ya'ho), n. 1. Name given by 
Swift in his "Gulliver's Travels" to a race of 
brutes, described as having human forms and 
vicious and degraded propensities. 2. Low, 
boorish, uneducated person. 




Yak (Bos grunniens). 
Dioscorea, of which 




YAK (yak), n. Large kind of ox, domesti- 
cated in Central Asia, 
and used as a beast of 
burden. [Tibetan.] 

YAKIMA (yak'i-ma), 
n. River, Washing- 
ton, tributary of the 
Columbia. 

YAM (yam), n. 1. Root 
of any of the various 
species of the genus 
more than one-hun- 
dred and fifty are 
known; also the plant 
itself. 2. Specifically, 
the common edible yam 
(Dioscorea sativa), a na- 
tive of Malabar, Java, 
and the Philippines. It 
is used as a substitute 
for the potato in re- 
gions where it grows. 
3. Large sweet po- 
tato of the southern 
United States. [Etym. 
doubtful; probably of 
African origin.] 

YAMA (ya'ma), n. Hin- 
du Myth. Ruler over 
the blessed or of the 
dead. He is represented 
as of a green color, 
and sitting on a buffalo. 

YANK (yangk), vi. [pr.p. 
p.p. YANKED (yangkt). 
with a jerk. (Colloq.) 

YANK (yangk), n. Quick pull; jerk. (Colloq.) 

YANG - TSE - KlANG (yang-tse-ke-ang'), n. 
River, China, 3000 miles long. 

YANKEE (yang'ke), n. 1. Citizen of New Eng- 
land. 2. Native of the United States. [Origin 
uncertain. Possibly — Indian pronunciation of 
Anglais, the French word for English.] 

YANKTON (yangktun), n. City of South Da- 
kota, on N. bank of the Missouri River. 

YAP (yap), vi. [pr.p. YAPPING; p.t. and p.p. 
YAPPED (yapt).] Yelp; bark. [Imitative.] 

YAP (yap), n. 1. Cry of a dog; bark; yelp. 2. 
Cur. 3. Greenhorn. (Colloq.) 

YAPOCK (yap'ok), n. Opossum-like aquatic 
animal (Chironectes variegatus), of Guiana 
and Brazil, rather larger than a rat. [Named 
from Oyapock River, which separates Guiana 
from Brazil.] 

YAPPY (yap'i), a. Inclined to yap or yelp. 

YARD (yard), n. 1. Measure of 3 feet or 36 
inches. 2. Long beam on a mast for spreading 
square sails. [A. S. gyrd, rod.] 

YARD (yard), n. 1. Inclosed place, especially 
near a building. 2. Inclosure where any of 
certain kinds of business is carried on; as, a 
brickyard, dockyard, etc. 3. Railroad switch- 
ing tract. [A. S. geard. Cf. Ger. garten.] 



Yam. 

YANKING; p.t. and 
| Remove or displace 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. ' 



L 



YARD-ARM 



1229 



YELLOW FEVER 



YARD-ARM (yard'iirm), «. Either half of a 

ship's yard (right or left) from the center to 

the end. 
YARDSTICK (yard'stik), n. Stick or rod 3 feet 

in length, used as a measure of cloth, etc. 
YARD-WAND (yard'wond), n. Yardstick. 
YARMOUTH (yar'muth), n. Seaport, Isle of 

Wight. 

Yarmouth, Great. Seaport, England, on 

Yare River. 
YARN (yarn), n. 1. Spun thread. 2. One of the 

threads of a rope. 3. Story, either marvelous 

or untrue or long spun out. [A. S. gearn.] 
YARN (yarn), vi. [pr.p. YARNING; p.t. and p.p. 

YARNED (yarnd).] Tell a yarn or yarns. 
YARROW (yar'6), n. Aromatic plant used for 

brewing beer; milfoil. [A. S. gearuwe.] 
YASHMAK (yash'mak), n. Double veil worn by 

Turkish women in public. [Turk.] 
YATAGHAN (yat'a-gan), n. Turkish sword, 

usually curved and without a guard. [Turk.] 
YAUP (yap), n. Yell; yap. (Colloq.) 
YAUP (yap), vi. [pr.p. YAUP'KVG; p.t. and p.p. 

YAUPED (yapt).] Cry out; yell. [Sc] 
YAW (ya), v. [pr.p. YAWING; p.U and p.p. 

YAWED (yad).j I. vt. Move about unstead- 
ily; as, to yaw one's head. II. vi. 1. Naut. 

Steer wild. 2. Recome drawn out of a correct 

condition or shape; as, a fabric is yawed, 

[Norw. gaga, bend back.] 
YAWL (yal), vi. [pr.p. YAWL'ING; p.U and p.p. 

YAWLED (yald).] Yell; howl, as a cat. [Imi- 
tative.] 
YAWL (yal), n. 1. Small sloop-rigged vessel 

with an additional jigger-mast. 2. Small 

ship's boat; jollyboat. [Dut. jol.] 
YAWN (yan), vi. [pr.p. YAWNING; p.t. and p.p. 

YAWNED (yand).] 1. Open the jaws wide, as 

from sleepiness, with a deep inspiration, and 

after a pause, a slow expiration; gape. 2. 

Stand wide open, like a chasm. [A. S. gdnian, 

gcenan.] 
YAWN (yan), n. Act of opening the mouth 

from drowsiness. 
YCLAD (i-klad), v. Old past participle of CLAD. 

[Y- and CLAD.] 
YCLEPT, YCLEPED (i-klept), a. Called; 

named; now practically obsolete. [A. S. 

geclypod, p.p. of geclypian, call.] 
YE (ye), pron. Nominative plural of the second 

person; now superseded by YOU. [A. S. ge. 

Cf. L. Ger. ji; Dut. gii.] 
YE (the or incorrectly ye), def. article. Old form 

of spelling THE, the O. E. character for ih 

resembling a y or p. 
YEA (ya), I. adv. Yes; verily; moreover. II. 

n. Affirmative vote. [A. S. ged. See YES.] 
YEAN (yen), vt. [pr.p. YEANING; p.t. and p.p. 

YEANED (yend).] Rring forth (young). [A. S. 

gendian.] 
YEANLING (yen'ling), n. Young animal, espe- 
cially lamb or kid. 
YEAR (yer), n. 1. Time during which the earth 




Yeast under a mi- 
croscope. 



makes one revolution around the sun. 2. Time 
of revolution of any planet. 3. Period of 365, or 
in a leap year 366, days. 4. [pi.] Period of life; 
age. [A. S. gear.] 

YEARROOK (yer'bok), n. 1. Rook giving facts 
about the year. 2. Rook published yearly, 
stating the changes in statistics, personnel, etc. 

YEARLING (yer' ling), n. Animal a year old. 

YEARLY (yer'li), I. a. 1. Happening every 
year. 2. Lasting a year. II. adv. 1. Once a 
year. 2. From year to year. 

YEARN (yern), vi. [pr.p. YEARN'ING; p.t. and 
p.p. YEARNED (yernd).] Feel an anxious 
longing; desire wistfully. [A. S. giernan. Cf. 
Ger. be-gehren, desire, and gem, gladly.] 

YEARNING (yern'ing), I. n. Earnest desire; 
strong feeling; pity. II. a. Longing. 

YEAST (yest), n. 1. Froth or sediment of malt 
liquors in alcoholic fermen- 
tation. It consists of minute 
cells, each cell being a dis- 
tinct plant, producing new 
cells. The fermentation in- 
duced by yeast produces al- 
cohol and carbon dioxid. In 
bread the carbondioxidcauses 
porosity, while the alcohol 
evaporates. 2. Preparation 
which raises dough for bread. [A. S. gist. 
Cf. Ger. gischt — root of GAS, signifying boil.] 

YEASTINESS (yest'i-nes), n. Quality or state of 
being yeasty. 

YEASTY (yest'i), a. 1. Pertaining to, containing, 
or resembling yeast. 2. Frothy; foamy. 

YEGGMAN (yeg'man), n. [pi. YEGG'MEN.] Pro- 
fessional burglar and safe-blower. 

YELL (yel), vi. [pr.p. YELL'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
YELLED (yeld).] Cry out with a sharp noise; 
scream from pain or terror. [A. S. gellan.] 

YELL (yel), n. Sharp outcry; especially a cry 
peculiar to a class or body of students. 

YELLOW (yel'6), I. a. Of a color like that of 
gold, butter, etc. II. n. 1. Rright golden 
color; the hue be- 
tween orange and 
green in the rain- 
bow. 2. Yolk of 
an egg. 3. [pi.] 
Jaundice. 4. [pi.] 
Disease of peach 
trees, etc. — Yel- 
low journalism, 
sensational jour- 
nalism. [A. S. ge- 
olu.] 

YELLOW FEVER 
(yel'6 fe'ver). Pa- 
thol. Malignant 
contagious febrile 
disease, indige- 
nous chiefly to the 
West Indies, and 
the borders of the Gulf of Mexico. 




Yellow fever mosquito 
(Stegomyia calopus). 



It is at- 



€ 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
iX=u in 'Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. _______ — 



TELLOWHAMMER 



1230 



YO-HO 



tended with yellowness of the skin and is 
spread hy mosquitos. The yellow fever mos- 
quito (Stegomyia calopus) was stamped out of 
Cuba and the disease eradicated. Also called 
yellow Jack. (Colloq.) 

TELLOWHAMMER (yel'6-ham-er), n. 1. Gold- 
en-winged woodpecker (Colaptes auratus)} 
flicker. 2. European bunting (Emberiza ci- 
trinella), the chin, throat, and under part of 
body being bright, pure yellow. 

YELLOWISH (yel'6-ish), a. Somewhat yellow. 

YELLOW-JACKET (yel'6-jak-et), n. 1. Any 
wasp or hornet of the genus Vespa, the com- 
mon yellow-jacket of the United States being 
Vespa valgaris. 3. In China, a jacket of 
yellow color worn as an insignia of royalty or 
high rank. 

YELLOWLEGS (yel'6-legz), n. Grallatorial 
bird (Totanus flavipes) of the Atlantic coast, 
United States. 

YELLOWS (yel'oz), n. See YELLOW. 

YELLOW Sea. Arm of the Pacific Ocean on 
N. E. coast of China. 

Yellowstone National Park. Wyom- 
ing, covers a tract of about 

sixty-five miles in length, 

from north to south, and 

about fifty-five miles in 

width from east to west, 

giving an area of 3,312 

sq. m. 
YELP (yelp), vi. [pr.p. YELP'- 

ING; p.t. and p.p. YELPED 

(yelpt).] Utter a sharp 

bark. [A. S. gealp.] 
YELP (yelp), n. Sharp quick 

bark or cry. 
YEN (yen), n. Japanese 

monetary unit, represented 

by a gold and a silver coin 

of the value of a dollar. 
YEOMAN (yo'man), n. [pi. 

YEOMEN.] 1. In Eng- 
land, man of common 

rank next below a gentle- 
man; man of small landed 

estate; wealthy farmer. 2. 

In the United States navy, 

petty officer having charge 

of stores.-— Yeoman's serv- 
ice* efficient assistance in 

an emergency. [A. S. yd, village, district, and 

man, man.} 
YEOMANRY (yo'man-ri), n. 1. Collective body 

of yeomen or freeholders. 2. Status of a yeo- 
man. 
YES (yes), adv. Expresses affirmation or consent. 

[A. S. gese — ged, yea, and se (for sie, si), be 

it so.) 
YESTER (yes'ter), a. Relating to yesterday. 

[A. S. giestran, yesterday. Cf. Ger. gestern.] 
TESTERDAY (yes'ter-da), I. n. The day last 

past. II. adv. On the day preceding this day. 




Yellowstone Falls, 
Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park. 




Yew. 



YET (yet), I. adv. 1. At the present time. 2. 
In addition; still; besides. 3. In continuance 
of a state; still; again. 4. At some future time. 
5. Up to the present time; hitherto. 6. In 
spite of that; nevertheless; at least; at any rate; 
however. II. conj. Nevertheless; however. [A. 
S. git. Cf. Ger. jetzt, now.] 

YEW (yo), n. Long-lived evergreen tree (Taxus 
baccata), allied to< 
the pines, with 
a berry-like fruit, 
poisonous leaves, 
and very fine- 
grained, heavy 
and elastic wood. 
[A. S. iw, Cf. Ger. 
eibe.) 

YGDRASIL (ig'- 
dra-sil), n. Norse 
Myth. Great ash- 
tree uniting heav- 
en, earth and 
lower regions. 

YlD (yid), n. Jew. 

r^< _ -r j x ™ , I. Male flower. 2. Female flower. 3. Sta- 
li»er. duae, Jew. J men. 4. Vertical section of fruit. 

Yiddish (yidish), 

I. a. Pertaining to a Jew or Yid. II. n. 
Corrupt form of German and Hebrew dialect. 
[Ger. Judisch, Jewish.] 

YIELD (yeld),v. [pr.p. YIELD'ING; p.t. and p.p. 
YLELD'ED.] I. vt. 1. Pay; reward. 2. Give in 
return, as for labor performed or capital in- 
vested. 3. Produce; emit; give. 4. Give up; 
surrender. II. vi. 1. Produce, 2. Submit; 
give away; assent. [A. S. gieldan, geldan.] 

SYN. Return; bear; furnish; grant; re- 
linquish; concede; surrender; obey. ANT. 
Withhold; retain; resist; struggle. 

YIELD (yeld), n. 1. Act of yielding. 3. That 
which is yielded; product. 

YIELDING (yeld'ing), I. a. Disposed to yield. 

II. n. The act of one who yields; surrender. 
-YL, suffix. Denotes a radical; as, ethyl, the 

radical of ethylic alcohol. [Gr. hyle, matter, 
as a principle of being.] 

Y-LANG-Y-LANG (e-lang'e-lang), n, A per- 
fume obtained from the flowers of a Malayan 
tree. [Malay, flower of flowers.] 

YMIR (e'mer), n. Norse Myth. A sea giant, the 
first created being; slain by Odin and his 
brothers; his flesh became the land, his blood 
the waters, his hair the forests, his skull the 
heavens, and his brain the clouds. 

YODEL (yo'dl), vi. and vt. [pr.p. YO'DELING; 
p.t. and p.p. YODELED (yo'did).] Sing with 
frequent changes to and from the ordinary 
voice to falsetto, after the manner of the 
Tyrolese and Swiss mountaineers. [Ger. jo- 
deln.] 

YODEL (yo'dl), n. Warble common among the 
Swiss and Tyrolese mountaineers. 

YO-HO (yo-ho'), interj. A cry to attract atten- 
tion. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=a in Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c/i in Scotch loch. ' 



YOKE 



1231 



YUNNAN 



YOKE (yok), n. 1. Frame of wood joining oxen 
for drawing. 2. Any similar frame, as one for 
carrying pails. 3. Mark of servitude. 4. Pair; 
couple. [A. S. geoc, gioc, ioc.] 

YOKE (yok), v. [pr.p. YO'KING; p.t. and p.p. 
YOKED (yokt),] I. vt. 1. Put a yoke on. 2. 
Join together. 3. Enslave; confine. II. vi. 
Be connected; mate. 

YOKEL (yo'kl), n. Country bumpkin. [Etym. 
doubtful.] 

YOKOHAMA (y6-k6-ha/ma), n. Seaport of 
Japan, on the main island. 

YOLK (yolk or yok), YELK (yelk), n. The yellow 
part of an egg. [A. S. geolca — geolu, yellow.] 

YON (yon), YONDER (yon'der), I. adv. At a 
distance within view. II. a. Being at a dis- 
tance within view. [A. S. geon. Cf. Ger. jener.] 

YORE (yor), n. Long ago; now used only in the 
phrase "of yore" = of old time, long ago. [A. S. 
gedra, of years, genit. pi. of gear, year.] 

YORK (yark), n. City in Yorkshire, England. 

YORKSHIRE (yark'shir), ». Largest county in 
England. 

YoRKTOWN (yark'town), n. Town in Virginia 
on York River, 7 miles west of Chesapeake Bay. 

YOSEMITE (yo-sem'i-te) V ALLEY. California, 
7 miles long, 2 miles wide, in Yosemite Na- 
tional Park, which embraces an area of 719,622 
acres. Noted for magnificent scenery. 

YOU (yo), pron. Nominative and objective of 
THOU. Although strictly plural, and applicable 
only to two or more persons, it has long been 
commonly used in addressing a single person, 
instead of thou or thee, but properly with a 
plural construction; as, you are, you were. 
It formerly was used even by good writers 
with a singular verb; as, you was, but this is 
now considered incorrect and vulgar. You 
is also used indefinitely, in the same manner 
as we or they, for anyone, or people generally. 
[A. S. eove, dat. and accus. of gS, ye.] 

YOUNG (yung), I. a. 1. Not long born; in 
early life; in the first part of growth. 2. 
Inexperienced. II. n. Offspring. [A. S. geong. 
Cf. Ger. jung.] 

YOUNGISH (yung'ish), a. Somewhat young. 

YOUNGLING (yung'ling), I. n. Young person, 
animal or plant. II. o. Young. 

YOUNGSTER (yung'ster), n. Young person; lad. 

YOUNKER (yungk'er), w. Same as YOUNGSTER. 
[Dut. jonker — jonkheer, young master. Cf. 
Ger. junker.] 

YOUR (yor), pronominal a. 
as, your book, your house, 
of ge, ye.] 

YOURS (yorz), poss. pron. 1. 
you; as, this book is yours. 
related to you; as, how is it with you and yours. 
3. Letter or other communication from you; 
as, yours of the 10th received. — Yours truly, 
a phrase used immediately preceding the 
signature at the close of a letter. 

YOURSELF (yor-self), n. [pi. YOURSELVES 



Belonging to you; 
[A. S. eower, genit. 

Of or belonging to 
2. Those who are 



A rare element. 



(yor-selvz').] You in your own person or in- 
dividuality. 

YOUTH (yoth), n. 1. State of being young. 2. 
Early life. 3. Young person, especially a 
young man. 4. Young persons taken together. 
[A. S. geoguth — geong, young. Cf . Ger. jugend.] 

YOUTHFUL (yoth'fol), a. 1. Pertaining to 
youth or early life. 2. Young. 3. Suitable to 
youth; fresh; buoyant; vigorous. 

YOUTHFULLY (yoth'fol-i), adv. In a youthful 
manner. 

YOUTHFULNESS (yoth'fol-nes), n. Quality or 
state of being youthful or young. 

YTTERBIG (it-ter'bik) , a. Containing ytterbium 
as a constituent. 

YTTERBIUM (it-ter'bi-um), n. 
[From Ytterby in Sweden.] 

YTTRIUM (it'ri-um), n. A 
rare element, discovered 
by its spectrum, like ytter- 
bium. [From Ytterby in 
Sweden.] 

YUCA, YUCCA (yo'ka), n. 
Name given in Peru, Chile, 
Bolivia and Central Amer- 
ica to the sweet cassava 
(Manihot Aipi), which sup- 
plies the tapioca of com- 
merce. [Sp.] 

YUCATAN (yo-ka-tan'), n. 
State in Mexico. Area 
28,185 sq. m. 

Bot. 1. Genus of tropical 




Costumes worn in 
Ancient Yucatan, as 
shown in sculptured 
figures. 



YUCCA (yuk'a), n. 
American ever- 
green shrubs 
with linear, lan- 
ceolate, rigid 
leaves, from the 
center of which 
rises a large 
panicle of flow- 
ers. 2. [y-] Plant 
of this genus, the 
best known spe- 
cies being Yuc- 
ca gloriosa, com- 
monly called 
Adam's needle, 
[Sp. yuca.] 

YUKIN (yo'kin), n. 
Chinese musical 
instrument ,. ,__ , . . ,_,. 

somewhat re- Yucca (F. tforio.a) and Flower. 

sembling a guitar, having but four strings, a 
short neck, and a circular body. [Chin.] 

YUKON (yo'kon), n. Great river of Alaska, 
flows 2,000 miles west to Bering Sea. 

YULE (yol), n. Christmas. — Yule log, large 
block of wood, formerly brought into the room 
on Christmas Eve with great ceremony and 
burnt on the hearth. [A. S. geol, giul, iul.] 

YUNNAN (yon-nan'), n. Province, S. W. China, 
Area 122,000 sq. m. 




fate, 



fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; n5te, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
u=w in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, then, kh=c& in Scotch loch. 



1232 



ZENANA 




Z (ze), n. [pi. Z'S (zez).] 1. 
Last letter of the English 
alphabet, in England com- 
monly called zed. It is a sibi- 
lant consonant and has but 
one sound, which is the same 
as that of s in please, wise, 
etc. As a final it occurs in 
some onomatopoetic words, 

as in buzz, whizz, etc. 2. Something like 

the letter Z, as a section of rolled metal used 

in structures to resist flexure. 
ZA-, prefix. Used in modern scientific terms to 

denote "exceedingly." [Gr.] 
ZACATE (tha'ka-ta), n. In Mexico, Guam, and 

the Philippines, grass used for hay or forage, 

especially rice-grass (Homalocenchrus hexan- 

drus), of Mexican origin. [Mex. Sp.] 
ZACATECAS (za-ka-ta'kas), n. Capital of State 

of same name, Mexico. 
ZADD (zad), n. Large Abyssinian tree (Juniperus 

procera), producing a hard, durable wood much 

employed for building purposes. [Native.] 
ZAFFER, ZAFFRE (zaf'er), n. Blue pigment, 

consisting of an impure basic arsenate of 

cobalt; used for painting on glass and porce- 
lain. [Fr. zafre.] 
ZAIM (za'im), n. Turkish chief or leader. 

[Turk.] 
ZalOPHUS (zal'6-fus), n. 

with high ridge on skull. 

ridge.] 
ZAMBESI (zam-ba'ze), n. 

to Mozambique Channel. 
ZAMORA (tha-mo'ra), n. 

province, Spain, on the Douro. 
ZAMOUSE (za-mos), n. West African buffalo 

(Bos brachyceros) , called by English colonists 

the bush-cow. [Native name.] 
ZANDER (zan'der), n. European pike-perch; 

also called sander or zant. [Ger.] 
ZANJA (than'ha), n. Ditch or canal for irriga- 
tion purposes. [Sp.] 
ZANY (za'ni), n. [pi. ZANIES (za'niz).] 

andrew; buffoon. [It. zani, corrup. 

of Giovanni, John.] 
ZANZIBAR (zan-ze-bar'), n. Town, 

E. Africa, on Zanzibar Island. 
ZAPOR (za'par), n. Barricade placed 

in a river to prevent fish from 

going up or down stream. [Russ. 

zdporu.] 
ZARA (za'ra), n. Seaport, capital 

of Dalmatia, Austria. 
ZAREBA (za-re'ba), n. Same as ZERIBA. 
ZAYTA (za'yat), n. In Burma a public shed or 

portico for the accommodation of travelers, 

loungers, and worshipers. [Burmese.] 
ZEAL (zel), n. Passionate ardor for anything; 

intense interest; eager striving. [Gr. zelos — 

zeo, boil. Cf. YEAST.] 

SYN. Enthusiasm; earnestness; energy; 

fervor. ANT. Indifference; coldness. 



Genus of eared seals 
[ZA-, and Gr. lophos, 

River, Africa, flows 

Capital of Zamora 



Merry- 




Zany. 



be- 




ZEALAND (ze'land), n. Island, Denmark, 
tween Baltic Sea and Cattegat. 

ZEALOT (zel'ut), n. One carried to excess by 
his zeal; fanatic. [Fr. zelote — Gr. zelotSs — 
zelos, zeal.] 

ZEALOTISM (zel'ut-izm), n. Character or con- 
duct of a zealot. 

ZEALOUS (zel'us), a. Full of zeal; warmly en- 
gaged or ardent in any- 
thing; enthusiastic ; 
fervent. 

ZEALOUSLY (zel'us-li), 
adv. In a zealous 
manner; with zeal orj 
ardor. 

ZEBRA (ze'bra), n. Pop- 
ular name for any of 
the striped forms of 
the genus Equus. The Zebra. 

true zebra (Equus zebra) is a native of the 
mountain regions of 
South Africa. [Afri- 
can origin.] 

ZEBRASS (zebras), n. 
Hybrid offspring of 
the African zebra 
and Texas donkey. 

ZEBRULA (ze-bro'la), 
ZEBRULE (ze'brol), 
n. Cross between ze- 
bra and mare. 

ZEBU (ze'bu), n. East 
Indian ox with hump 
on the- shoulders, Zebrass. 

and long ears, various species being bred for 
milk and flesh, others for 
riding and draft. [East 
Indian name.] 

ZEBUB (ze'bub), n. Abys- 
sinian fly resembling the 
tsetse fly. [Ar. zubab, fly.] 

ZECCHINO (tsek-ke'no), n. 
A gold coin of the re- 
public of Venice. See 
SEQUIN. 

ZED (zed), n. Name given in England to the 
letter Z, z; provincially called also izzard. 

ZEE (ze), n. American name of the letter Z, z. 

ZEITGEIST (tsit'gist), n. Spirit of the time. 
[Ger., from zeit> time, and geist, spirit.] 

ZEMINDAR (zem-in'dar), n. 1. Under Mogul 
rule, a farmer of revenue. 2. Hindu native 
landlord. [Pers.] 

ZEMSTVO (zems'tvo), n. [pi. ZEMS'TVOS.] 
Russian local elective assembly with little in- 
dependent authority, there being one for each 
province and one for each district. [Russ.] 

ZEMSTVOIST (zems'tvo-ist), I. o. Pertaining to 
a zemstvo or to the zemstvoists. II. n. Mem- 
ber of a zemstvo or of a congress of zemstvos. 

ZENANA (zen-a'na), n. Women's apartment 
among the native East Indians. [Pers. zen, 
woman.] 





Zebu. 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her, mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
\X=u in Scotch gucle; oil, owl, then, kh=cft in Scotch loch. 



ZEND-AVESTA 



1233 



ZOANTHROPIA 



ZEND-AVESTA (zend-a-ves'ta), n. The sacred 
writings of the Zoroastrian religion. [Avesta, 
sacred text, and Zend, name of the Persian 
idiom in which it was written.] 

ZENDIK (zen'dik), n. 1. Oriental disbeliever 
in revealed religion. 2. One accused of heresy 
in practicing magic. [Ar.] 

ZENITH (ze'nith), n. 1. Point of the heavens 
directly overhead. 2. Greatest height, as 
of success; culmination. — Zenith distance, 
length of arc between a heavenly body and 
the zenith. [Fr. — Ar. semt, short for semt-ur- 
ros, way of the head.] 

ZENITH-SECTOR (ze'nith-sek-tur), n. Astro- 
nomical instrument for ascertaining the ze- 
nith distance of the several stars. 

ZEPHYR (zefer), n. 1. West wind. 2. Soft, 
gentle breeze. 3. Very light worsted or woolen 
yarn, used for embroidery, shawls, etc. 4. 
Anything very light and airy. [Gr. zephyros — 
zophos, darkness, west.] 

ZePHYRUS (zef'i-rus),w. Bom. Myth. God of 
flowers; a son of iEolus and Aurora; the west 
wind. 

ZERIBA (ze-re'ba), ZAREBA (za-re'ba), w. In 
the Sudan, inclosure the sides of which are 
formed of prickly brushwood, sheltered by 
which a force may camp comparatively safe 
from surprise. [Egypt, zerebak, thorn hedge.] 

ZERO (ze'ro), n. [pi. ZEROS or ZEROES (ze'roz).] 
1. Cipher; nothing. 2. Point from which a 
thermometer is graduated. 3. Lowest point. 
— Absolute zero, point at which any given body 
is supposed to contain no heat, equivalent to 
about —274° Cor —461° Fahr. [Fr. — Ar.sifr.] 

ZEST (zest), n. 1. Relish imparted by some- 
thing; piquancy. 2. Keen enjoyment. 3. 
Partition separating the parts of a walnut. 
4. Skin of orange or lemon used for flavor. 
[Fr. zeste — L. schistos — Gr. schistos, cleft.] 

ZETA (ze'ta), n. Sixth letter of the Greek alpha- 
bet, equivalent to the English z. 

ZEUGMA (zug'ma), n. Figure in which two 
nouns are joined to a verb, or adjective, suit- 
able to only one of them. [Gr., joint.] 

ZEUGMATIC (zug-mat'ik), a. Of or pertaining 
to the figure of speech known as zeugma. 

ZEUS (zus), n. Greek Myth. 
Supreme Olympian deity: 
husband of Hera, son of ( 
Cronos and Rhea; identi-l 
fled with the Roman Ju- i 
piter. 

ZIGZAG (zig'zag), I. a. 
Having sharp or quick 
turns or flexures. II. n. 
Something having short, 
sharp turns or angles. 
III. adv. In a zigzag 
manner. [Ger. zickzack.] 

ZIGZAG (zig'zag), v. [pr.p. Zigzag afghan, made in 
ZIG'ZAGGING; p.t. and crochet work. 

p.p. ZIGZAGGED (zig'zagd).] I. vt. Form 




with short, sharp turns or angles. II. vi. 1. 
Move or advance in a zigzag fashion. 2. 
Waver in or change one's words or opinions. 

ZINC (zingk), n. Tenacious bluish-white metal, 
not occurring native; spelter. It is malleable 
when heated to 200-250° Fahr. [Ger. zink.] 

ZINCO-, prefix. Of or pertaining to zinc. 

ZINCOGRAPH (zingk'o-graf), n. 1. Picture ob- 
tained by zincography. 2. Plate from which 
such picture is printed. [ZINCO- and -GRAPH.] 

ZINCOGRAPHY (zingk-og'ra-fl), n. Art of 
drawing upon and printing from plates of zinc 
in a manner similar to lithography. The de- 
sign is drawn on the zinc plate with a ma- 
terial which resists acid. The surface of the 
plate being eaten away leaves the design in 
relief to be printed from by the ordinary 
mode of printing. 

ZINCOTYPE (zingk'o-tip), n. Same as ZINCO- 
GRAPH. 

ZINCOUS (zingk'us), a. Of, pertaining to, or de- 
rived from, zinc. 

ZINNIA (zin'i-a), n. Plant of genus of same 
name, having heads 
of flowers with red, 
yellow, white, or 
purple rays. 

Zionism (zi'un-izm), 

n. An organized at- 
tempt to resettle the 
Jews from all parts 
of the world in Pal- 
estine, for both re- 
ligious and political 
purposes. 

Zionist (zi'un-ist), 

n. One who favors 
Zionism. 

ZIP (zip), n. Imitation 
of the sound of a bul- 
let flying through 
the air. 

ZIRCON (zer'kun), n. 




Zinnia. 
Silicate of zirconium. 



ZIRCONIUM (zer-ko'ni-um), n. An earthy 
metallic element. [Fr. jargon, hyacinth — Pers. 
zar gun, gold-colored.] 

ZIRCONOID (zer'kun-oid), n. Double eight- 
sided pyramid of the tetragonal system. 

ZITHER (zither), ZITHERN (zith'ern), n. 

Music. A de- 

velopment of 
the instrument 
known to the 
Greeks as 
the cithara, a 
stringed in- 
strument with 
a flat sound- 
ing-board. 

ZOANTHROPIA (zo-an-thro'pi-a), n. Insanity 
in which the patient imagines himself one of 
the lower animals. [Gr. zoon, animal, and 
anthropos, man.] 




Zither. 



< 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; 
ix=u in' Scotch gude; oil, owl, 



mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
then, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 



ZOARCIDiE 



1234 



ZOOPHORJC 







Head of L. 

ZOBOES (zo'- Zoarchus 

(Seen from be- 
low.) 

inside, 



Zoarcidse (Ly codes Zoarchus). 

ZOARCID.^E (zo-ar'si-de), n.pl. 
Family of elongate, more or less 
eel-formed fishes with oblong 
heads and tapering toward the 
tail, including the genus Lycodes, 
of which the species Zoarchus is 
covered wtih conspicuous embedded 
scales, in color grayish-brown, 
lighter on the belly, with mottlings j 
on the sides. [Gr. zoe, life, and arked, 
defend.] 

ZOBO (zo'bo), n. [pi. 

boz).] Rude musical instrument, 
consisting of a tube with vibrators 
played by singing into it; kazoo. 

ZOBO (zo'bo), n. Asiatic humped cow, 
a hybrid between the yak and the 
zebu. [Native name.] 

ZODIAC (zo'di-ak), n. Imaginary belt 
in the heavens containing the twelve 
constellations called signs of the 
zodiac. [Gr. zodidkos {kyklos, circle) 
— zodion, dim. of zoon, animal.] 

ZODIACAL (zo-di'a-kal), a. Of or per- 
taining to the zodiac. — Zodiacal 
light, a pearly glow spreading over 
a portion of the sky in triangular form 
along the ecliptic near the point at 
which the sun is about to rise in the 
morning, or has just set in the even- 
ing. It is to be seen during the entire year in 
the tropics, but only on spring evenings and 
fall mornings in the middle latitudes. The 
generally accepted theory of the zodiacal light 
is that it is sunlight reflected from meteors 
revolving about the sun. 

ZOEA (zo'e-a), n. Earliest stage in the develop- 
ment of the higher Crustacea. [Gr. zoon, an- 
imal.] 

ZOETROPE (zo'e-trop), n. Mechanical toy, de- 
pending for its interest upon the constancy of 
visual impressions. It consists of a rotating 
drum, open at the top, in which, around its 
inner periphery, are placed strips of paper 
having figures of men, animals, etc., in vary- 
ing positions. By turning the cylinder the 
pictures are disclosed through slots in its 
upper side and given the appearance of anima- 
tion. [Gr. zoe, life, and trope, a turning — 
trepo, turn.] 

ZOKOR (zo'kar), n. Kind of mole-rat {Siphneus 
aspalax) of the Altai Mountains, Asia. [Native 
name.] 

ZoLLVEREIN(tsorfer-in),n. German customs- 
union, founded about the year 1828, and 
today co-extensive with the German Empire. 
[Ger., from zoll, toll, and verein, union.] 



Zobo. 




The Zones. 

[Gr. zone, girdle — 



ZONAL (zo'nal), a. Having the character of a 
zone, belt, or stripe. 

ZONATE (zo'nat), a. Bot. Marked with zones 
or concentric bands of color. 

ZONE (zon), n. 1. Girdle. 3. One of the five 
great belts 
into which 
the surface 
of the earth , 
is divided, j 
3. Section' 
of country 
with any 
particular 
characteris- 
tic; as, the wheat zone, 
zonnymi, gird.] 

ZONED (zond), a. 1. Wearing a zone or girdle. 
2. Having zones or concentric bands. 

ZONELESS (zon'les), a. Having no zone. 

ZONULA (zo'nu-la), n. Anat. Little stripe or 
band. [L., little girdle.] 

ZONULAR (zo'nu-lar), a. Of or relating to a. 
zonula. 

ZONULE (zo'nul), n. Small zone; specifically, 
a zonula. [Dim. of ZONE.] 

ZOO-, ZO-, prefix. Signifying animal. (Gr. 
zoon, animal.] 

ZOO (zo), n. Zoological garden. [Colloq. abbr. 
of ZOOLOGICAL.] 

ZOOLATRT (zo-ol'a-tri), n. Animal worship; 
adoration paid by man to any of the lower 
animals. [ZOO-, and latreia, worship.] 

ZOOLOGICAL (zd-6-loj'ik-al), a. Of or pertain- 
ing to zoology. 

ZOOLOGICALLY (zo-6-loj'ik-al-l), adv. In a 
zoological manner. 

ZOOLOGIST (zo-ol'o-jist), n. One versed in 
zoology. 

ZOOLOGY (zd-ol'o-ji), n. That part of natural 
history which treats of animals. [ZOO- and 
-LOGY.] 

ZOOMORPHIC (zd-6-mar'flk), a. After an ani- 
mal form. [ZOO-, and Gr. niorphe, shape.] 

ZOOMORPHISM (zo-6-mar'flzm), n. 1. Rep- 
resentation of deity or man in the form of any 
of the lower animals. 2. Representation of 
animals. 

ZOON (zo'on), n. [pi. ZOA (zo'a).] Product of a 
fertilized ovum. [Gr. zoon, animal.] 

ZOONIC (zo-on'ik), a. Derived from or con- 
tained in animal substances. 

ZOONOMY (zo-on'o-mi), n. Science which 
treats of the phenomena of animal life, their 
causes and relations. [ZOO-, and Gr. nomos, 
law.] 

ZOOPHAGON (zo-of'a-gon) n. [pi. ZOOPH'AGA.] 
Animal that attacks others alive and feeds on 
them. [Gr. zoophagos, living on animals.] 

ZOOPHILIST (zo-of'i-list), n. Lover of animals; 
one whose sympathy embraces all living 
creation. [ZOO-, and Gr. phileo, love.] 

ZOOPHORIC (zo-6-for'ik), a. Arch. Bearing an 



fate, fat, task, far, fall, fare, above; me, met, her; mite, mit; note, not, move, wolf; mute, hut, burn, 
ii=u in Scotch gude; oil, owl, Men, kh=cA in Scotch loch. 






English Verbal Distinctions 



CEIL, to furnish with a ceiling. 
SEAL, to fasten with a seal. 

CELL, a small room. 
SELL, to dispose of by sale. 

CENSER, a vessel for incense. 
CENSOR, a critic. 

CENT, 100th part of a dollar. 

SCENT, an odor. 

SENT, participle of SEND. 

CERE, to cover with wax. 
SEAR, to cauterize. 
SEER, a prophet. 

CESSION, the act of ceding. 
SESSION, a sitting. 

CHOIR, a body of singers. 
QUIRE, 34 sheets of paper. 

CHORD, bring into accord. 
CORD, string; measure of wood. 

CHOUGH, a sea bird. 
CHUFF, a churl; a boor. 

CHUTE, an inclined conduit. 
SHOOT, to fire off; offshoot. 

CITE, to quote; to summon. 
SIGHT, sense of seeing. 
SITE, a situation. 

CLAUSE, part of a sentence. 
CLAWS, talons. 

CLIMB, to go up. 
CLIME, a climate. 

COAL, a kind of fuel. 
COLE, a cabbage. 

COARSE, rough; gross. 
COURSE, road, progress. 

COLONEL, military officer. 
KERNEL, a grain or seed. 

COLOR, a hue. 
CULLER, one who culls. 

CORE, the central part. 
CORPS, a body of men. 

CREAK, a squeaking sound. 
CREEK, a small stream. 

CREWEL, a kind of yarn. 
CRUEL, pitiless; inhuman. 

CURRANT, a small berry. 
CURRENT, circulating. 

CYGNET, a young swan. 
SIGNET, a seal. 

DAM, a barrier across a stream. 
DAMN, to condemn. 



DANE, a native of Denmark. 
DEIGN, to condescend. 

DEAR, beloved. 
DEER, an animal, 

DEW, atmospheric moisture. 
DUE, owing. 

DIE, to expire. 
DYE, to color. 

DISCOUS, like a disk. 
DISCUS, a quoit. 

DISCREET, prudent. 
DISCRETE, distinct or separate. 

DOE, a female deer. 
DOUGH, unbaked bread. 

EYELET, a little eye. 
ISLET, a small island. 

FAIN, reluctantly willing. 
FANE, a temple. 
FEIGN, to pretend. 

FAINT, languid; weak. 
FEINT, a pretense. 

FAIR, beautiful; clear; just, 
FARE, passage-money; food. 

FEAT, notable act. 
FEET, plural of FOOT. 

FILTER, to strain, as liquors. 
PHILTER, a love-charm. 

FIND, to discover. 
FINED, punished by a fine. 

FIR, a kind of tree. 
FUR, a fuzzy covering. 

FLEW, did fly. 
FLUE, a chimney pipe. 

FORE, prior; front. 
FOUR, twice two. 

FORT, a fortification. 

FORTE, that in which one excels. 

FORTH, forward; away. 
FOURTH, next after third. 

FOUL, offensive; filthy. 
FOWL, bird of the poultry kind. 

FRANC, a French silver coin. 
FRANK, ingenuous. 

FREEZE, to congeal with cold. 
FRIEZE, coarse woolen cloth. 

FUNGOUS, growing as a fungus. 
FUNGUS, a spongy plant; mold. 



GLAHt, white of an egg. 
GLARE, a dazzling light. 

GNEISS, a crystallized rock. 
NICE, agreeable; fastidious. 

GNU, an animal. 
NEW, fresh; unfamiliar. 

GRATE, a range of bars". 
GREAT, large; mighty. 

GRATER, a sort of rasp. 
GREATER, larger. 

GRISLY, frightful. 
GRIZZLY, somewhat gray. 

GROAN, to moan deeply. 
GROWN, of full growth. 

GUESSED, conjectured. 
GUEST, a visitor. 

HAIL, frozen rain; to salute. 
HALE, strong; healthy. 

HAIR, filamentous structure. 
HARE, a long-eared rodent. 

HALL, a large room. 
HAUL, to pull. 

HART, the male of the red deer. 
HEART, blood-propelling organ e 

HAY, dried gras. . 
HEY, an exclar lation. 

HEAL, to cure. 

HEEL, a part of the foot. 

HEAR, to perceive by the ear. 
HERE, in this place. 

HEARD, did hear. 
HERD, a drove or flock. 

HEW, cut by blows. 
HUE, a color. 

HIE, to hasten. 
HIGH, lofty; dear. 

HIM, objective of HE. 
HYMN, a sacred song. 

HISSED, did hiss. 
HIST, be silent. 

HOARD, to lay up. 
HORDE, a tribe, etc. 

HOLE, a perforation. 
WHOLE, entire. 

HOOP, a circle of metal, etc. 
WHOOP, a shout. 

HOLM, the evergreen oak. 
HOME, place of abode. 



1237 



English Verbal Distinctions 



HOUR, sixty minutes. 


MADE, fabricated. 


PEACE, quiet. 


OUR, possessive pronoun. 


MAID, an unmarried woman. 


PIECE, a part. 


IN, within. 


MAIL, postal matter. 


PEAK, the top. 


INN, a public house. 


MALE, one of the male sex. 


PEEK, to peep. 
PIQUE, resentment. 


INDICT, charge with crime. 


MAIN, chief; principal. 




INDITE, to compose. 


MAINE, name of a State. 
MANE, long hair on the neck. 


PEARL, a precious gem. 
PURL, to ripple. 


JAM, a conserve of fruit. 






JAMB, a side post. 
KEY, that which unlocks. 


MAIZE, Didian corn. 
MAZE, perplexity. 


PEER, a nobleman. 

PIER, a supporting structure. 

PENCIL, a writing instrument. 


QUAY, a wharf. 


MANTEL, facing of a fireplace. 
MANTLE, a cloak; hood. 


PENSILE, hanging. 


KILL, to slay. 




PLACE, a locality. 


KILN, oven for burning brick. 


MARSHAL, array; an officer. 
MARTIAL, pertaining to war. 


PLAICE, a flat fish. 


KNAVE, a rogue. 


- 


PLAIN, manifest; level land. 


NAVE, the hub of a wheel. 


MEAD, a beverage. 
MEED, deserved reward. 


PLANE, a carpenter's tool. 


KNEAD, to mix, as dough. 




PLAIT, a fold. 


NEED, want; necessity. 


MEAT, animal food. 


PLATE, a shallow dish. 


KNIGHT, champion, etc. 


MEET, to come together. 
METE, a measure. 


PLEAS, plural of PLEA. 


NIGHT, time after sun-down. 


PLEASE, to gratify, etc. 


KNIT, unite by knitting. 
NIT, an insect's egg. 


METAL, an element, 
METTLE, courage; ardor. 


PLUM, a fruit. 

PLUMB, a plummet; the vertical. 


KNOT, a tie; a snarl. 
NOT, a word of negation. 


MIGHT, power; ability. 
MITE, a small insect. 


POLE, a long stick, etc. 
POLL, the head; to vote. 


KNOW, to understand. 


MINER, a worker in a mine. 


PORE, a minute orifice. 


NO, nay; not so. 


MINOR, one under age. 


POUR, to cause to flow. 


LAC, a kind of gum. 


MISSED, did miss. 


PORT, a harbor. 


LACK, to want. 


MIST, fog; dimness. 


PORTE, the Turkish court. 


LADE, to load. 


MOAN, to lament. 


PRAY, to beseech. 


LAID, past tense of LAY. 


MOWN, cut down. 


PREY, plunder. 


LAIN, participle of LIE. 


NAY, no; a denial. 


PRIDE, self-esteem. 


LANE, a narrow road. 


NEIGH, cry of the horse. 


PRIED, did pry. 


LAPS, plural of LAP. 


OAR, a rowing instrument. 


QUARTS, plural of QUART. 


LAPSE, to become void. 


O'ER, over. 


QUARTZ, rock crystal. 


LEA, a meadow. 


ORE, unrefined metal. 


RAIN, shower. 


LEE, the side that is sheltered. 


O, OH, an interjection. 


REIGN, to rule. 


LEAD, a metal. 


OWE, to be indebted. 


REIN, a strap of a bridle. 


LED, conducted. 


ONE, a single unit. 


RAISE, to lift. 


LEAF, part of a plant. 


WON, gained. 


RAYS, plural of RAY. 


LIEF, willingly. 


PAIL, a bucket. 


RAZE, to demolish. 


LEAK, a slow escape of fluid. 


PALE, pallid. 


RAP, a knock. 


LEEK, a kind of onion. 


PAIN, suffering. 


WRAP, to fold together. 


LD3, a willful falsehood. 


PANE, a window glass. 


RAPT, enraptured. 


LYE, a solution of alkali. 


PAIR, a couple. 


WRAPPED, participle of WRAP. 


LLMB, a branch. 


PARE, to shave off the surface. 


READ, did read. 


LIMN, to draw or paint. 


PEAR, a fruit. 


RED, a color. 


LO, behold. 


PALETTE, painter's color board. 


READ, to peruse. 


LOW, the opposite of HIGH. 


PALLET, mattress; mean bed. 


REED, a plant. 


LOAN, to lend. 


PAUSE, a stop. 


RECK, to heed. 


LONE, retired; solitary. 


PAWS, a beast's feet. 


WRECK, shipwreck. 



1238 



English Verbal Distinctions 



REST, repose. 


SEW, to work with a needle. 


TEAM, a set; a rig. 


WREST, to take violently. 


SO, in such a manner. 
SOW, to scatter, as seed. 


TEEM, to abound. 


RETCH, heave. 




TEAR, water from the eye. 


WRETCH, base person. 


SHEAR, to clip. 

SHEER, absolute; downright. 


TIER, a rank or row. 


RIGGER, one who rigs. 




THE, the definite article. 


RIGOR, severity. 


SHONE, did shine. 


THEE, thyself. 


RIGHT, straight; correct. 


SHOWN, a participle of SHOW. 


THEIR, belonging to them. 


RITE, a ceremony. 


SIGN, a token; significant mark. 


THERE, in that place. 


WRIGHT, a workman. 


SINE, a geometrical line. 




WRITE, to inscribe. 




THREW, did throw 




SLEIGH, a vehicle with runners. 


THROUGH, all the way. 


RING, a circle; to sound. 


SLAY, to kill. 




WRING, to twist. 




THROE, agony; pang. 


ROAD, a way. 
RODE, did ride. 


SLEIGHT, dexterity. 


THROW, to cast forth; hurl. 


SLIGHT, slender; to neglect. 


THRONE, a chair of state. 


ROWED, did row. 


SLOE, the black haw. 


THROWN, participle of THROW, 


ROE, a female deer. 


SLOW, not swift. 


THYME, an aromatic herb. 


ROW, to impel with oars. 


SOAR, to fly high. 


TIME, duration; season. 


ROLE, part taken by an actor. 


SORE, painful. 


TIDE, flow and ebb of the sea. 


ROLL, to turn over and over. 


SOLD, did sell. 


TIED, did tie. 


ROOD, a measure. 


SOLED, furnished with a sole. 


TO, towards; unto. 


RUDE, impolite. 


SOLE, only; bottom of the foot. 


TOO, likewise; also. 


ROOT, underground part of plant. 


SOUL, the vital principle. 


TWO, twice one. 


ROUTE, a course, road, or way. 
ROTE, repetition of words. 


SOME, more or less. 
SUM, the total. 


TOE, a part of the foot. 

TOW, dressed flax, etc.; to drag 


WROTE, did write. 




TOLD, did tell. 


ROUGH, coarse; uneven. 


SON, a male offspring. 
SUN, the orb of day. 


TOLLED, rang slowly. 


RUFF, a plaited collar. 




TOLE, to allure. 


RYE, a kind of grain. 


STAIR, a step. 
STARE, a fixed gaze. 


TOLL, kind of tax; to ring slowly. 


WEI, distorted; crooked. 




TON, a measure of weight. 


SAIL, the canvas of a ship. 
SALE, a selling. 


STAKE, a post. 
STEAK, a slice of meat. 


TUN, a large cask. 




TROOP, a body of soldiers. 


SAILER, a sailing vessel. 


STEAL to purloin. 


TROUPE, company of actors, etc, 


3AILOR, a seaman. 


STEEL, carbonized iron. 


VAIN, conceited; fruitless. 


SEINE, a large fish net. 


STEP, to walk. 


VANE, a weathercock. 


SANE, sound in mind. 


STEPPE, a vast plain. 


VEIN, a bloodvessel. 


SAVER, one who saves. 


STILE, a turnstile. 


VALE, a valley. 


SAVOR, flavor, relish. 


STYLE, mode; pointer of a dial. 


VEIL, a screen. 


SCENE, a view. 


STRAIGHT, right; not crooked. 


VENOUS, pertaining to the veins. 
VENUS, the goddess of love. 


SEEN, participle of SEE. 


STRAIT, narrow passage. 


SCULL, a small boat. 


SUCCOR, relief; help. 


VIAL, a bottle. 


SKULL, the cranium. 


SUCKER, one who sucks. 


VIOL, a violin. 


SEA, the ocean. 


SUITE, a set. 


VICE, depravity. 


SEE, to view. 


SWEET, not sour; pleasant. 


VISE, a clamping device. 


SEAM, a line of union. 


TACKS, small nails. 


WAIN, a wagon. 


SEEM, to appear. 


TAX, an assessment. 


WANE, to decrease. 


SERF, a slave. 


TAIL, an appendage. 


WAIST, a part of the body. 


SURF, dashing of the sea. 


TALE, a story. 


WASTE, to squander. 


SERGE, a kind of cloth. 


TARE, a weed. 


WAIT, to stay for. 


SURGE, a large swelling wave. 


TEAR, to rend. 


WEIGHT, heaviness. 



1839 







English Verbal Distinctions 




WAIVE, to relinquish. 




WAT, manner; a road. 


WHIRL, to turn round rapidly. 


WAVE, a billow; to brandish. 


WEIGH, to find the weight of. 


WHORL, a volution. 






WEAK, feeble; infirm. 




WALL, a partition. 




WEEK, seven days. 


WOOD, hard part of a tree. 


WAUL, to cry as a cat. 




WEAN, to alienate. 
WEEN, to think. 


WOULD, past tense of WILL,. 


WARE, merchandise. 




WEATHER, state of the air. 


YOKE, coupling frame; burden. 


WEAR, to diminish by 


use. 


WETHER, a sheep. 


YOLK, the yellow part of an egg. 



PART II 



WORDS DIFFERENTLY SPELLED, BUT PRONOUNCED NEARLY ALIKE 



AbEL, a proper name. 
ABLE, capable to perform. 

ACCLAMATION, viva voce vote. 
ACCLIMATION, the acclimating. 

ADVICE, counsel; intelligence. 
ADVISE, to counsel; to inform. 

ALOUD, loudly. 
ALLOWED, permitted. 

ALTAR, place of sacrifice. 
ALTER, to change. 

ANT, an insect. 
AUNT, a relative. 

ASSISTANCE, help; support. 
ASSISTANTS, plural of assistant. 

AURICLE, heart chamber. 
ORACLE, a prophecy. 

BALM, that which soothes. 
BARM, yeast. 

BARON, a title of nobility. 
BARREN, unfruitful. 

BEADLE, a parish official. 
BEETLE, an insect. 

BEHOOF, advantage; use. 
BEHOOVE, to befit. 

BINNACLE, compass case. 
BINOCLE, a binocular telescope. 

BOARDER, one who boards. 
BORDER, a boundary. 
BORN, brought forth. 

BORNE, carried. 
BOURN, a bound. 

BREACHES, gaps or breaks 
BREECHES, trousers. 

BRITAIN, largest isl. in Europe. 
BRITON, a native of Britain. 



CALENDAR, an almanac. 
CALENDER, a hot press. 

CANDID, fair; ingenuous. 
CANDIED, sugared. 

CAPITAL, chief city, etc. 
CAPITOL, a state-house 

CARAT a twenty-fourth part. 
CARET, a mark of omission. 
CARROT, a garden vegetable. 

CERATE, a waxy salve. 
SERRATE, notched like a saw. 

CEREAL, pertaining to grain. 
SERIAL, a continued story. 

CEASE, to leave off. 
SEIZE, to lay hold of. 

CLOSE, to shut. 
CLOTHES, garments. 

COMPLACENCE, serenity. 
COMPLAISANCE, courtesy. 

COMPLEMENT, full number. 
COMPLIMENT, delicate flattery. 

COMPLEMENTARY, accessory. 
COMPLIMENTARY, praising. 

CONCERT, musical performance. 
CONSORT, a companion. 

CORAL, secretion of zoophytes. 
CORRAL, to pen up. 

COUNCIL,a consulting assembly. 
COUNSEL, advice; a lawyer. 

COURIER, a messenger. 
CURRIER, a dresser of leather. 

COUSIN, child of aunt or uncle. 
COZEN, to cheat. 

COWARD, craven, poltroon. 
COWHERD, one who tends cows. 



CRITIC, one who criticizes. 
CRITIQUE, a review. 

DESERT, merit or demerit. 
DESSERT, service of sweetmeats. 

DEW, condensed moisture. 

DO, to perform; to fare. 

DUE, owing; expected to arrive. 

DOSE, enough for one time. 
DOZE, to drowse. 

DUAL, binary; twofold. 
DUEL, a combat between two. 

EITHER, one or the other. 
ETHER, a volatile fluid, etc. 

ELISION, a cutting off. 

EL YSIAN, exceedingly charming. 

EMANANT, emanating. 
EMINENT, distinguished 

EXERCISE, to practice. 
EXORCISE, to expel; to adjure. 

GAMBLE, play for money. 
GAMBOL, to skip; to caper. 

GENIUS, special aptitude. 
GENUS, a general class. 

HALLOW, devote to holy uses. 
HOLLOW, a cavity within. 

HALVE, divide into two. 
HAVE, to possess. 

HOARSE, harsh in sound. 
HORSE, well known animal. 

IDLE, unemployed; vain, 
IDOL, an image of a deity. 
IDYL, a short poem. 

JEST, a joke; a laughing-stock. 
JUST, righteous; impartial. 



1340 



English Verbal Distinctions 



JUNTA, Spanish legislature. 
JUNTO, a faction; a cabal. 

LESSEN, to diminish. 

LESSON, something to be learned. 

LIAR, one who utters lies. 
LYRE, musical instrument. 

LICKERISH, having keen relish. 
LICORICE, plant and confection. 

LIGHTENING, relieving weight. 
LIGHTNING, flash from a cloud. 

LOATH, reluctant. 

LOATHE, to regard with disgust. 

LORE, erudition. 

LOWER, to depress; to lessen. 

LOWER, to scowl. 

MARE, a female horse. 
MAYOR, chief officer of a city. 

MARTEN, a fur-yielding animal. 
MARTIN, a swallow-like bird. 

MISSAL, a mass-book. 
MISSILE, a projectile. 

MODEST, unassuming. 
MODISTE, a dressmaker. 

MORE, greater in amount, etc. 
MOWER, one that mows. 

OF, concerning. 

OFF, away from; not on. 



ORDINANCE, a city law. 
ORDNANCE, artillery. 

PEDAL, a lever for the foot. 
PEDDLE, carry around for sale. 

PENDANT, a hanging ornament 
PENDENT, hanging; projecting 

PILLAR, a column. 

PILLOW, a cushion for the head. 

PINT, a measure. 
POINT, a sharp end. 

PISTIL, a seed-bearing organ. 
PISTOL, a small firearm. 

PITIED, commiserated. 
PITTED, marked with pits. 

PLAINTIFF, one who brings suit. 
PLAINTIVE, mournful. 

POMACE, crushed apples. 
PUMICE, volcanic scoria. 

POPLAR, a kind of tree. 
POPULAR, widely approved. 

PROFIT, benefit; return. 
PROPHET, an inspired predictor. 

PROPHECY, a prediction. 
PROPHESY, to predict. 

RABBET, to cut a groove in. 
RABBIT, a long-eared rodent. 

RADISH, a garden vegetable. 
REDDISH, somewhat red. 



REAL, having actual existence. 
REEL, a turning frame. 

RELIC, remaining portion. 
RELICT, a widow. 

STATIONARY, fixed. 
STATIONERY, writing outfit. 

SUBTILE, delicately formed. 
SUBTLE, wily; keen, 

SURPLICE, a clerical vestment. 
SURPLUS, excess; overplus. 

TARRIER. one who tarries. 
TERRIER, a small, active dog. 

THOROUGH, complete; perfect. 
THROUGH, all the way. 

WEATHER, to survive. 
WHETHER, which; if. 

WHICH, what one. 
WITCH, a sorceress. 

WHITE, the opposite of BLACK. 
WIGHT, a person. 

WHITHER, to what place. 
WITHER, to fade, etc. 

YARN, spun wool fiber. 
YEARN, to long, etc. 

YORE, old time. 

YOUR, belonging to you. 



PART III 



WORDS SPELLED ALIKE, BUT DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED 



AUG'UST, the eighth month. 
AUGUST', grand; royal. 

BUF'FET, a blow with the fist. 
BUFFET (bo-fa'), a sideboard. 

COM'PACT, an agreement. 
COMPACT', packed close. 

COM'PRESS, a condenser. 
COMPRESS', press together. 

CONJURE, practice magic. 
CONJURE', enjoin solemnly. 

CONSOLE, a kind of bracket. 
CONSOLE', comfort; cheer. 

COURTESY (kur'te-si), civility. 
COURTESY (kurt'si), a curtsy. 



DESERT, a wilderness. 
DESERT', merit or demerit. 
DESERT', forsake; leave. 

EN'TRANCE, act of entering. 
ENTRANCE', put into a trance. 

GAL'LANT, brave; noble. 
GALLANT', accompany. 
GAL'LANT, a beau. 

IN'CENSE, perfume. 
INCENSE , inflame with anger. 

LIVE (liv), be living. 
LIVE (liv), quick; active. 

MIN'UTE, sixty seconds. 
MINUTE', small. 



OBJECT, thing perceived. 
OBJECT', oppose. 

SEWER (so'er), one who sews. 
SEWER (su'er), a drain. 

SLOUGH (slow), bog; mire. 
SLOUGH (sluf), cast off skin. 

SU'PINE, kind of participle. 
SUPINE', lying on the back. 

TARRY (tar'i), linger; stay. 
TARRY (tar'i), covered with tar. 

UN'DRESS, informal. 
UNDRESS', divest of clothes. 



1241 



English Verbal Distinctions 



PART IV 

WORDS SPELLED AND PRONOUNCED EXACTLY ALIKE BUT DIFFERING WIDELY IN MEANING 



ARMS, weapons of offense. 
ARMS, official insignia. 
ARMS, upper limbs of the body. 

ROW, inclination of the head. 
BOW, forward part of a ship. 

CALF, young of a cow. 
CALF, part of the leg. 

CAUSE, agent or agency. 
CAUSE, suit in court. 

CHALLENGE, call to a duel. 
CHALLENGE, except to. 
CHALLENGE, defy as a test. 

CORPORAL, of the body. 
CORPORAL, army officer. 

CROWN, royal diadem. 
CROWN, an English coin. 

CRT, to weep. 
CRY, to proclaim. 

DRY, free from moisture. 
DRY, lacking interest. 



EFFECTS, the results of causes. 
EFFECTS, goods and chattels. 

END, intent, purpose. 
END, conclusion. 

FELT, did feel. 
FELT, a fabric. 

GENERAL, public; extensive. 
GENERAL, a commander. 

HEAD, upper part of the body. 
HEAD, principal person. 

KEEP, to retain. 
KEEP, to be confined to. 

LEFT, opposite of RIGHT. 
LEFT, past tense of LEAVE. 

MEASURE, vessel to measure. 
MEASURE, proceeding. 

ORDER, method; rule. 
ORDER, mandate; command. 
ORDER, class; division. 



PAINTER, one who paints. 
PAINTER, boat rope. 

PASTE, adhesive compound. 
PASTE, imitation gem. 

PROMISING, giving promise. 
PROMISING, making promises. 

RAISE, increase; advance. 
RAISE, obtain; procure. 

SPIRITS, distilled liquors. 
SPIRITS, cheerfulness of mind. 

SUBJECT, thing spoken of. 
SUBJECT, vassal; citizen. 

TAKE, lay hold of; grasp. 
TAKE, contract; catch. 

TRANSPORT, to banish. 
TRANSPORT, put into ecstasy. 

UP, opposite of DOWN. 
UP, out of bed. 

WATCH, portable chronometer. 
WATCH, act of watching. 



PART V 



WORDS SPELLED ALIKE, BUT DIFFERENTLY ACCENTED, AND BELONGING TO 

DIFFERENT CLASSES 



AB'SENT, not present. 
ABSENT', keep away. 

AB'STRACT, an abridgment. 
ABSTRACT', take away. 

ACCENT, stress of voice. 
ACCENT', note the accent. 

AF'FIX, suffix. 
AFFIX', fix to; attach. 

ATTRIBUTE, inherent quality. 
ATTRIBUTE, ascribe; impute. 

AUG'MENT, an increase. 
AUGMENT', to increase. 

COLLECT, short prayer. 
COLLECT', bring together. 

COM'MENT, an exposition. 
COMMENT', make notes. 



COMMERCE, extended trade. 
COMMERCE', hold intercourse. 

COMPOUND, complex mass. 
COMPOUND', mix or combine. 

CON'CERT, agreement. 
CONCERT', devise together. 

CON CORD, harmony. 
CONCORD', agree. 

CON 'CRETE, compound mass. 
CONCRETE', unite in one mass. 

CONDUCT, behavior. 
CONDUCT', lead; manage. 

CON'FINE, boundary. 
CONFINE', to limit. 

CONFLICT, a struggle. 
CONFLICT', be in opposition. 



CON'SERVE, a sweetmeat. 
CONSERVE', to preserve. 

CON'SORT, husband or wife. 
CONSORT', to associate. 

CON'TEST, a dispute. 
CONTEST', controvert. 

CON'TRACT, an agreement. 
CONTRACT, draw close together. 

CON'TRAST, unlikeness. 
CONTRAST', place in opposition. 

CON'VERSE, familiar discourse. 
CONVERSE', talk familiarly. 

CON'VERT, person converted. 
CONVERT , to change in belief. 

CON'VICT, person convicted. 
CONVICT', prove to be guilty. 



1243 



English Verbal Distinctions 



CONVOY, protecting force. 
CONVOY', attend as escort. 

DES'CANT, a discourse at large. 
DESCANT' (upon), treat at large. 

ESCORT, a guard. 
ESCORT', attend and guard. 

ES'SAY, an attempt. 
ESSAY', to attempt or try. 

FORE CAST, a prediction. 
FORECAST', predict. 

FREQUENT, often occurring. 
FREQUENT', visit often. 

IM'PORT, anything imported. 
IMPORT', bring in from abroad. 



IN'LAY, material for inlaying. 
INLAY', decorate by inlaying. 

OVERFLOW, inundation. 
OVERFLOW, run over. 

PRECEDENT, rule or example. 
PRECEDENT, going before. 

PREL'UDE, introduction. 
PRELUDE', serve to introduce. 

PRES'AGE, prophetic token. 
PRESAGE', forebode; foretell. 

PRES'ENT, gift, donation. 
PRESENT', give formally. 



RECORD, authentic memorial. 
RECORD', write an account of. 

SUB'JECT, anything spoken of. 
SUBJECT', make liable. 

SURCHARGE, excessive load. 
SURCHARGE', overload. 

SUR'VEY, view or prospect. 
SURVEY', measure and estimate. 

TRANSFER, act of transferring. 
TRANSFER', assign. 

TRANSPORT, rapture. 
TRANSPORT', carry; convey. 



PART VI 

WORDS NEITHER SPELLED ALIKE NOR PRONOUNCED ALDiE BUT LIABLE TO BE CONFOUNDED 



ACCEDE, to agree; to assent. 
EXCEED, to go beyond. 

ACCEPT, to receive. 
EXCEPT, to leave out. 

ACCESS, approach. 
EXCESS, more than enough. 

ADDITION, something added. 
EDITION, particular issue. 

AFFECT, act upon. 
EFFECT, result; outcome. 

AFFECTED, not natural. 
EFFECTED, brought about. 

ALLUDE, to refer indirectly. 
ELUDE, to baffle. 
ILLUDE, to cbeat. 

AMEND, correct; reform. 
EMEND, make changes in. 

ARRANT, notorious. 
ERRANT, wandering. 

ASSISTANCE, help. 

ASSISTANTS, helpers. 

ATTENDANCE, act of attending. 
ATTENDANTS, those who attend. 

BILE, a secretion of the liver. 
BOIL, a painful tumor. 

BURST, to disrupt suddenly. 
BUST, upper part of the body. 

COMFIT, a confection. 
COMFORT, solace; cheer. 

CORPORAL, pertaining to body. 
CORPOREAL, physical. 



DAIRY, milk depot. 
DIARY, a daily register. 

DECEASE, death. 
DISEASE, a malady. 

DEFERENCE, respect. 
DIFFERENCE, unlikeness. 

ELICIT, to bring out. 
ILLICIT, unlawful. 

EMINENT, conspicuous. 
IMMINENT, impending. 

ERUPTION, a bursting out. 
IRRUPTION, a violent incursion. 

FORMALLY, with formality. 
FORMERLY, heretofore. 

GLACIER, field of ice. 
GLAZIER, a glass-fitter. 

HERON, a wading bird. 
HERRING, a small fish. 

IMPOSTER, a false pretender. 
IMPOSTURE, an imposition. 

IMPOTENT, wanting power. 
IMPUDENT, offensively bold. 

INGENIOUS, apt; clever. 
INGENUOUS, candid; frank. 

LEAST, smallest. 
LEST, for fear that. 

LINEAMENT, a feature. 
LINIMENT, an embrocation. 

LOOSE, not fastened. 
LOSE, to suffer loss. 



NICHE, a recessed space. 
NICK, a cut or indent. 

PARTITION, a dividing wall. 
PETITION, a formal request. 

PATIENCE, forbearance. 
PATIENTS, plural of PATIENT. 

PRESENCE, a being present. 
PRESENTS, gifts. 

PRINCIPAL, chief; leading. 
PRINCIPLE, a rule of action. 

ROUT, to put to flight. 
ROUTE, road; course. 

SATIRE, ridicule; irony. 
SATYR, a woodland deity. 

TENOR, general purport. 
TENURE, term of holding. 

TOUR a journey. 

TOWER, tall narrow building. 

TRACK, trail; race-course. 
TRACT, a small treatise. 

VARY, to change; be different. 
VERY, extremely; real. 

VENAL, mercenary. 
VENIAL, excusable. 

VERACITY, truthfulness. 
VORACITY, greediness. 

VERDURE, greenness. 
VERGER, an usher. 

WARY, cautious. 
WEARY, tired. 



1343 







A. — Academy; America. 

A.. A. A. S. — American Associa- 
tion for the Advancement of 
Science. 

A. B. or B. A. (Artium Bacca- 
laureus) — Bachelor of Arts. 

A. B. — able-bodied seaman. 

Abbr. — abbreviated; abbrevia- 
tion. 

Abp. — Archbishop. 

A. B. S. — American Bible So- 
ciety 

A. C. (Ante Christum) — Before 
Christ. 

A. D. (Anno Domini) — In the 
Year of our Lord. 

A. D. C- — Aide-de-camp. 

ad lib. (ad libitum) — at pleasure. 

Adjt. — Adjutant. 

Adjt.-Gen. — Adjutant-General. 

set. (astatis) — aged. 

A.H. — In the Year of the Hegira. 

A. G. — Adjutant General. 

agt. — agent. 

Ala. — Alabama. 

A. L. A. — American Library 
Association. 

Alas. — Alaska. 

alg. — algebra. 

alt. — altitude; alto. 

A. M. (Artium Magister) — 3Ias- 
ter of Arts. 

a. m. (ante meridiem) — before 
noon. 

Am. — Amos; American. 

A. M. A. — American Medical 
Association. 

Amer. — American. 

amt. — amount. 

anon. — anonymous. 

ans. — answer. 

A. O. H. — Ancient Order of Hi- 
bernians. 

aor. — aorist. 

A. P. A. — American Protective 
Association. 



A. P. D, — Army Pay Department. 
App. — Apostles; appendix; ap- 
pointed. 
Apr. — April, 
arch. — architecture, 
arith. — arithmetic. 
Ariz. — Arizona. 
Ark. — Arkansas, 
arr. — arrived. 
A. S. — Anglo-Saxon. 
Assn. — Association. 
Asst. — Assistant. 
Atty. — Attorney. 

A. U. C. (Anno urbis conditae, or 
Anno ab urbe condita) — In 
the year of, or from the build- 
ing of, the city (of Rome). 

Aug. — August. 
Av. or Ave. — Avenue, 
avdp. — avoirdupois, 
b. — bass; bay; born. 

B. A. — British America; Bache- 
lor of Arts. 

bal. — balance. 

bar. — barleycorn; barrel; bar- 
rister. 

Barb. — Barbadoes. 

Bart, or Bt. — Baronet. 

bat. or batt. — battery; battalion. 

bbl. — barrel. bbls. — barrels. 

B. C. — Before Christ; British 
Columbia. 

B. C. L. — Bachelor of Civil Law. 

B. D. — Bachelor of Divinity. 

bdl. — bundle. 

bds. — bound in boards. 

b. e. — bill of exchange. 

Belg. — Belgian; Belgic. 

Benj. — Benjamin. 

B. I. — British India. 

Bib. — Bible; biblical. 

biog. — biography. 

biol. — biology; biological. 

bk. — bank; book. 

b. 1. — bill of lading. 

bl. — barrel; bale. 



B. L. E. — Brotherhood of Loco- 
motive Engineers. 
B. Lit. — Bachelor of Literature, 
bis. — bales. 

B. M. — British Museum. 
Boul. — Boulevard. 
Bp. — Bishop, 
br. — brother, 
brig. — brigade; brigadier. 
Brit. — Britain; British, 
bro. — brother, bros. — brothers. 
b. s. — bill of sale. 
B. S. — Bachelor of Surgery. 
B. Sc. — Bachelor of Science. 

B. S. L. — Botanical Society of 
London. 

bus. or bush. — bushel. 
C. — Centigrade. 

C, Ct., Cent. — A hundred. 
C. or Cap. — Chapter. 

C. A. — Chartered Accountant. 

Cal. — California. 

Can. — Canada. 

Cap. — Capital. 

Capt. — Captain. 

Car. — Carat. 

Card. — Cardinal. 

Cat. — Catalogue. 

Cath. — Catholic. 

C. B. — Cape Breton. 

C. C. — Circuit Court; cubic cen- 
timeter. 

C. C. P. — Court of Common 
Pleas. 

C. Cr. P. — Code of Criminal Pro- 
cedure. 

C. E. — Civil Engineer; Canada 
East. 

Celt.— Celtic. 

Cent.— Centigrade; a hundred. 

cf. — confer= compare. 

C. F. I. — Cost, freight, and in- 
surance. 

eg. — centigram. 

C. G. — Captain of the Guard; 
coast guard. 



1344 



Abbreviations and Contractions 



Ch. — Chaldean ; chapter ; Charles ; 
Church; China; Chinese. 

C. H. — Clearing House; Court 
House. 

chap. — chapter. 

chem. — chemistry. 

Ch. J. — Chief Justice. 

Chr. — Christ; Christian; Chris- 
topher. 

Chron. — Chronicles; chronology. 

civ. — civil. 

C. J. — Chief Justice. 

cl. — clergyman; clerk; cloth. 

C. L. S. C. — Chautauqua Liter- 
ary and Scientific Circle. 

coll. or colloq. — colloquial. 

elk. — clerk. 

cm. — centimeter. 

cml. — commercial. 

c. o. — care of. 

co. — company; county. 

C. O. D. — Cash (collect) on de- 
livery. 

Col. — Colonel; Colorado; Colos- 
sians. 

coll. — colleague; collector; col- 
lege. 

Colo. — Colorado. 

Com. — commissioner; commit- 
tee; commodore; common. 

comp. — comparative; compare; 
compound. 

con. — contra= against; in op- 
position. 

Cong. — Congregational; Con- 
gress. 

conj. — conjunction. 

Conn., Ct. — Connecticut. 

const. — constable; constitution. 

contr. — contracted; contraction. 

cor. — correlative; coroner; cor- 
respondent. 

Cor. — Corinthians. 

cor. mem. — corresponding mem- 
ber. 

cor. sec. — corresponding secre- 
tary. 

cos. — cosine. 

cosec. — cosecant. 

C. P. — Candle power. 

C. P. — Common Pleas; Court of 
Probate. 

cr. — credit; creditor. 

C. S. — Civil service; Court of 
Session; current strength. 

C. S. A. — Confederate States of 
America. 

C. S. O. — Chief Signal Officer. 

C. S. T. — Central Standard Time. 

Ct. — Connecticut. 

Ct., ct., county; court. 

cur., curt. — Current — this 
month. 

C. W. — Canada West. 



C. W. O. — Cash with order, 
cwt. — hundredweight. 
Cyc. — cyclopedia. 

D. — Deus = God; Dominus = 
Lord; Dutch; five hundred. 

d. — daughter; degree; day; died; 
dime; dose; penny; pence. 

Dak. — Dakota. 

Dan. — Daniel; Danish. 

D. A. R. — Daughters of the 
American Revolution. 

dat. — dative. 

D. C. — District of Columbia; 
District Court; direct current. 
D. C. H. — Doctor of Chemistry. 
D. C. L. — Doctor of Civil Law. 
D. D. — Doctor of Divinity. 

d. d. — days after date. 

D. D. S. — Doctor of Dental 

Surgery, 
dea. — deacon. 
Dec. — December, 
deft, or dft. — defendant, 
deg. — degree, 
dekag. — dekagram, 
dekal. — dekaliter, 
dekam. — dekameter. 
Del. — Delaware, 
del. (delineavit) — (he) drew it. 
Dem. — Democrat; democratic, 
dep. — deputy. 

dept. — department; deponent, 
der. or deriv. — derivative; de- 
rived. 
Deut. — Deuteronomy. 
D. F. — Defender of the Faith; 

Dean of Faculty. 
D. G. (Dei gratia) — By the grace 

of God. 
dg. — decigram, 
di am. — di ameter. 
diet. — dictionary, 
dis. — discount, 
div. — dividend; division, 
dl. — deciliter. 
D. L. — Doctor of Law; Doctor 

of Literature. 
D. L. O. — Dead Letter Office, 
dm. — decimeter, 
do. — ditto=the same, 
dols. — dollars, 
doz. — dozen. 
D. P. — Doctor of Philosophy; 

Doctor of Pharmacy. 
Dr. — Debtor; Doctor; dram. 
D. Sc. — Doctor of Science. 
D.V.(Deo volente) — God willing. 
D. V. M. — Doctor of Veterinary 

Medicine. 
E. — Earl; East; English, 
ea. — each. 

e. and o. e. — errors and omis- 
sions excepted. 



Eben. — Ebenezer. 

Eccl., Eccles. — Ecclesiastical. 

Ecua. — Ecuador. 

ed. — editor; edition. 

E. E. — errors excepted; Elec- 
trical Engineer. 

e. g. (exempli gratia) — for ex- 
ample. 

E. I. — East Indies. 

elec. — electricity. 

E. M. — Mining Engineer. 

E. M. F. — electromotive force. 

Emp. — Emperor; Empress. 

ency. — encyclopedia. 

E. N. E. — East-Northeast. 

Eng. — England; English. 

engin. — engineering. 

e. o. d. — every other day. 

Eph. — Ephesians; Ephraim. 

Epis. — Episcopal. 

eq. — equal; equivalent. 

E. S. E. — East-Southeast, 
esp.— especially. 

Esq. — Esquire. 
Est. — Esther. 

et al. — and others; and else- 
where, 
etc., or &c. — and so forth, 
et seq. — and the following, 
etym. — etymology. 
Exc. — Excellency; exception. 
Ex. Com. — Executive Committee, 
execx. — exe cutrix. 
Exod. — Exodus. 

exp. — ex parte; express; export, 
exr. — executor, 
ext. — extra; extract. 
Ez. or Ezr. — Ezra. 
Ezek. — Ezekiel. 

F. or Fahr. — Fahrenheit. 

F. A. M. — Free and Accepted 
Masons. 

F. A. S. — Fellow of the Society of 
Arts. 

Feb. — February. 

fee. — fecit= (he) made it. 

fern. — feminine. 

ff. — folios; following; fortissimo. 

F. F. V. — First Families of Vir- 
ginia. 

fig. — figure; figures; figuratively. 

fir. — firkin. 

fl. — florin; florins; flourished. 

Fl. — Flanders; Flemish. 

Fla. — Florida. 

F. M. — Field Marshal. 

fol. — folio. 

F. O. B. — Free on board. 

Fr. — France; Francis; French. 

fr. — from; franc. 

Fri. — Friday. 

ft. — foot; feet; fort. 

fth. — fathom; fifth. 



1345 



Abbreviations and Contractions 



fur. — furlong. 


H. R. — House of Representa- 


J. D. — Jurum Doctor = Doctor of 


fut. — future. 


tives. 


Laws. 


F. W. B. — Free Will Baptist. 


h. r. — high resistance. 


Jer. — Jeremiah. 


G. A. — General Assembly. 


H. R. E. — Holy Roman Empire. 


Jno. — John. 


Ga. — Georgia. 


H. R. I. P. — here rests in peace. 


Jo. — Joel. 


Gael. — Gaelic. 


H. R. H. — His or Her Royal 


Jon. or Jona. — Jonathan. 


gal. — gallon. 


Highness. 


Jos. — Joseph. 


G. A. R. — Grand Army of the 


H. S. H. — His or Her Serene 


Josh. — Joshua. 


Republic. 


Highness. 


jour. — journeyman; journal. 


G. B. — Breat Britain. 


H. S. S. (Historiae Societatis So- 


J. P. — Justice of the Peace. 


G. C. B. — Grand Cross of the 


cius) — Fellow of the Histor- 


J. Prob. — Judge of Probate. 


Bath. 


ical Society. 


Jr. or Jun. — Junior. 


G. C. L. H. — Grand Cross of the 


ht.— height. 


J. U. D. or J. V. D. — Juris 


Legion of Honor. 


I. — Island; one; iodine. 


Utriusque Doctor= Doctor of 


G. E. — Grand Encampment. 


la. — Iowa. 


Both Laws (the Canon and the 


Gen. — General. 


ib„ ibid. — ibidem=in the same 


Civil Law). 


Genmo. — Generalissimo. 


place. 


Jud. — Judith. 


gent. — gentleman. 


Ice. — Iceland; Icelandic. 


Judg. — Judges. 


G. L. — Grand Lodge. 


Id. — Idaho; idem = the same. 


Jul. — July; Julius. 


G. M. T. — Greenwich Meridian 


i. e. — id est=that is. 


Jun. or Junr. — Junior. 


time. 


I. H. P. — Indicated horse-power. 


Just. — Justice; Justinian. 


G. O. — General Order. 


III. — Illinois. 


K. — King; Kings; Knight. 


G. O. M. — Grand Old Man. 


I. L. P. — Independent Labor 


Kal. — Kalends. 


G. O. P. — Grand Old Party. 


Party. 


Kan., Kans., or Kas. — Kansas. 


Gov. — Governor, Government. 


Imp. — Imperial; Imperator= 


K. B. — Knight of the Bath. 


G. P. M. — Grand Past Master. 


Emperor. 


K. C. — King's Counsel. 


G. P. O. — General Post Office. 


imp. — imperative; imperfect; im- 


K. G. — Knight of the Garter. 


Gr. — Greek; Greece. 


primatur=Iet it be printed. 


kg. — kilogram. 


gr. — grain; grammar; great; 


in. — inch; inches. 


kilo, or km. — kilometer. 


gross. 


incog. — incognito. 


kl. — kiloliter. 


gs. — guineas. 


Ind. — Indiana. 


kilog. — kilogram. 


G. T. — Good Templars. 


ind. — indicative. 


Knt. — Knight. 


gtt. — guttae= drops. 


Ind. T. or Ind. Ter. — Indian 


K. P. — Knights of Pythias; 


H. — hydrogen. 


Territory. 


Knight of St. Patrick. 


h. — harbor; height; high; hour; 


inf. — infinitive; infantry. 


kr. — kreutzer. 


husband. 


I. N. R. I. — Iesus Nazarenus, 


K. T. — Knight Templar. 


H. B. C. — Hudson's Bay Com- 


Rex Iudaeorum= Jesus of 


Kt. — Knight. 


pany. 


Nazareth, King of the Jews. 


Ky. — Kentucky. 


hf. bd. — half-bound. 


ins. or insur. — insurance. 


L. — Latin. 


hf. cf. — half calf. 


inst. — instant; institute. 


L. or 1. — pound sterling. 


H. G. — Horse Guards. 


int. — interest. 


L. A. — Law Agent; Literate in 


H. I. — Hawaiian Islands. 


interj . — inter j ection. 


Arts. 


H. I. H. — His or Her Imperial 


Int. Rev. — Internal Revenue. 


La. — Louisiana. 


Highness. 


in trans. — in transitu=on the 


Lat. — Latitude; Latin. 


hhd. — hogshead. 


passage. 


L. A. W. — League of American 


Hier. — Hierosolyma = Jerusa- 


inv. — invoice. 


Wheelmen. 


lem. 


I. O. G. T. — Independent Order 


lb. (libra) — pound weight. 


Hind. — Hindu; Hindustan; 


of Good Templars. 


lc. (loco citato) — In the place 


Hindustani. 


I. of M. — Isle of Man. 


quoted; lower case. 


hist. — history. 


I. O. O. F. — Independent Order 


L. C. B. — Lord Chief Baron. 


H. J. (hie jacet) — here lies. 


of Odd Fellows. 


L. C. J. — Lord Chief Justice. 


H. J. S. (hie jacet sepultus) — 


I. O. U. — I owe you. 


L. D. S. — Latter Day Saints; 


here lies buried. 


I. Q. (idem quod) — the same as. 


Licentiate of Dental Surgery. 


H. M. — His or Her Majesty. 


Isl. — Island, Islands, Isles. 


L. I. — Light Infantry; Long Is- 


H. • M. P. (hoc monumentum 


It. or Ital. — Italian; Italic. 


land. 


posuit) — Raised his monu- 


I. W. — Isle of Wight. 


lib. (liber) — book. 


ment. 


J. — Judge; Julius; Junius; Jus- 


Lieut. — Lieutenant. 


H. M. S. — His or Her Majesty's 


tice. 


Linn. — Linnaean. 


Ship or Service. 


J. A. — Judge Advocate. 


lit.— literally. 


Hon. — Honorable; Honduras. 


Jan. — January. 


L. J. C. — Lord Jesus Christ. 


Hond. — Honored. 


Jas. — James. 


LL. B. — Bachelor of Laws. 


h. p. — half -pay; horse-power. 


J. C. — Jesus Christ; Justice 


LL. D. — Doctor of Laws. 


h. q. — headquarters. 


Clerk; Julius Caesar. 


Ion., long. — longitude. 



1346 



Abbreviations and Contractions 



Loq. (loquitur) — Speaks. 


Mus. D. — Doctor of Music. 


p. — page; part; participle; penny. 


L. P. A. — Lincoln Protective 


myg. — myriagram. 


Pa. — Pennsylvania. 


Association. 


myl. — myrialiter. 


Pari. — Parliament. 


L. S. (locus sigilli) — Place of the 


myth. — mythology. 


part. — participle. 


seal. 


N. — North. 


pass. — passive. 


L. S. A. — Licentiate of the So- 


N. A. D. — National Academy of 


pd. — paid. 


ciety or Company of Apothe- 


Design. 


P. E. — Protestant Episcopal. 


caries. 


N. A., N. Am. — North America. 


P. E. I. — Prince Edward Island. 


L. S. D. (librae, solidi, denarii) — 


N. A. S. — National Academy of 


Penn. — Pennsylvania. 


pounds, shillings, and pence. 


Sciences. 


per an. (per annum) — by the 


M. — Roman Numeral for 1,000; 


nat. — national; natural. 


year. 


Monday. 


Nath. — Nathaniel. 


per cent., per ct. (per centum) — 


M. A. — Master of Arts; Military 


naut. — nautical. 


by the hundred. 


Academy. 


nav. — naval. 


Phar. or Pharm. — Pharmacy. 


Mad. — Madam. 


N. B. — North Britain; New 


Ph. D., P. D. (Philosophic Doc- 


Maj. — Major. 


Brunswick; Nota Bene=take 


tor) — Doctor of Philosophy. 


Mai. — Malachi. 


notice. 


Photog. — Photography. 


M. A. N. S. — Member of the 


N. C— North Carolina. 


P. I. — Philippine Islands. 


Academy of Natural Sciences. 


N. Dak. — North Dakota. 


Pinx., Pxt. (Pinxit) — He or she 


Mar. — March; maritime. 


N. E. — Northeast; New England. 


painted it. 


March. — Marchioness. 


Neb. — Nebraska. 


P. J. — Police Justice; Probate 


Marq. — Marquis. 


Neh. — Nehemiah. 


Judge. 


mas., masc. — masculine. 


Neth t — Netherlands. 


pk. — peck. 


Mass. — Massachusetts. 


neut. — neuter. 


pkg. — package. 


Math. — Mathematics. 


Nev. — Nevada. 


pi. or plu. — plural. 


M. B. — Bachelor of Medicine or 


New M. — New Mexico. 


plff. — plaintiff. 


of Music. 


N. F. — Newfoundland. 


plupf . — pluperf e ct. 


M. C. — Member of Congress. 


N. G. — New Granada; North 


P. M. — Postmaster. 


M. D. — Doctor of Medicine. 


German; no good. 


p. m. — post-meridi em = after- 


Md. — Maryland. 


N. Gr. — New Greek. 


noon. 


Mdlle., Mile. — Mademoiselle. 


N. H. — New Hampshire. 


P. O. — Post-Office. 


M. E. — Mining Engineer; Meth- 


N. J. — New Jersey. 


pop. — population. 


odist Episcopal. 


N. L.— New Latin. 


Port. — Portuguese. 


Me. — Maine. 


N. M. — New Mexico. 


poss. — possessive. 


mem. — memorandum. 


N. N. E.— North-Northeast. 


p. p. — past participle. 


Messrs. — Gentlemen. 


N. N. W. — North-Northwest. 


pp. — pages. 


Mex. — Mexico; Mexican. 


no. — number. 


p. p. c. — pour prendre conge = to 


Mgr. — Monsignor. 


Nol. pros. — Nolle prosequi=be 


take leave. 


Mic. — Micah. 


unwilling to prosecute. 


P. Q. — Province of Quebec. 


Mich. — Michigan. 


nom. — nominative. 


P. R. — Porto Rico. 


mid. — midshipman. 


non-com. — non-commissioned. 


pref. — prefix. 


mil. — military. 


Norw. — Norway. 


prep.— preposition. 


min. — minute. 


nos. — numbers. 


Pres. — President. 


Minn. — Minnesota. 


Nov. — November. 


pret. — preterit. 


Miss. — Mississippi. 


N. P. — New Providence; Notary 


priv. — private. 


ml. — milliliter. 


Public. 


prob. — problem. 


Mile. — Mademoiselle. 


N. S. — Nova Scotia; New Style. 


Prof. — Professor. 


Mme. — Madame. 


N. T. — New Testament. 


prom. — promontory. 


Mo. — Missouri; Monday. 


nux vom. — nux vomica. 


pron. — pronoun. 


mo. — month; size (of book). 


N. W. — Northwest. 


Prot. — Prote stant. 


M. O. — Money Order. 


N. W. T. — Northwest Territory. 


pro tem. — pro tempore=for the 


mod. — modern. 


N. T. — New York. 


time being, 


Mon. or Mond. — Monday. 


N. Z. — New Zealand. 


prov. — proverb; province. 


Mons. — Monsieur. 


O. — Ohio; Oxygen. 


prox. — proximo= next. 


Monsig. — Monsignor. 


Ob., ob. (Obiit) — Died. 


p. pr. — present participle. 


Mont. — Montana. 


Oct. — October. 


P. S. — Post scriptum= Post- 


mos. — months. 


O. K. — All correct. 


script. 


M. P. — Member of Parliament. 


Okla. — Oklahoma. 


Ps. — Psalm. 


Mrs. — Mistress. 


Ont. — Ontario. 


p. t. o. — please turn over. 


ms. — manuscript. 


Or., Ore., Oreg. — Oregon. 


pub. — public; publisher. 


mss. — manuscripts. 


O. S.— Old Style (before 1753). 


Pub. Doc. — Public Documents. 


Mt„ Mts. — Mount; mountains. 


O. T. — Old Testament. 


Q. — Quintus; Quebec. 


Mus. B. — Bachelor of Music. 


Oz„ oz. — ounce or ounces. 


q. — question. 



1247 



Abbreviations and Contractions 



qu. — queen; query; question. 


S. D. — Social Democracy. 


V.— rflve; verb; verse; vocative; 


q. e. d. — quod erat demonstran- 


S. Dak. — South Dakota. 


volt; volume; vide=see. 


dum= which was to he proved. 


S. D. P. — Social Democratic 


Va. — Virginia. 


q. 1. — quantum libet=as much as 


Party. 


Van. — Vanadium. 


you please. 


Script. — Scripture. 


Vat. — Vati can. 


Q. M. — Quartermaster. 


s. d. — sine die. 


vb. n. — verbal noun. 


Q. S., q. s. (quantum sufflcit) — 


S. E. — Southeast. 


vet.-^r- veteran. 


sufficient quantity. 


Sec, Sect. — Secretary; Section. 


vi. — verb intransitive. 


Que. — Quebec. 


Sen. — Senate; Senator. 


Vis., Vise. — Viscount. 


qu., qy., q. (quaere)— query. 


Sept. — September. 


viz. — namely; to wit. 


Q. V., q. v. (quod vide) — which 


Serg., Serjt. — Sergeant. 


v. n. — verb neuter. 


see; (quantum vis) — as much 


Serv. — Servia; Servian. 


vs. — versus = against. 


as you please. 


S.J. C. — Supreme Judicial Court. 


voc. — vocative. 


R. (Rex) — King; (Regina) — 


Slav. — Slavonic. 


Vt. — Vermont. 


Queen. 


Soc. — Socialist. 


vt. — verb transitive. 


R. A. — Royal Academy; Royal 


Sol.-Gen. — Solicitor-General. 


W. — Wednesday; Welsh; West; 


Academician; Royal Artillery; 


S. P. — Socialist Party. 


William. 


Rear Admiral. 


S. P. A. S. (Societatis Philoso- 


w. — watt; week; wife. 


Ra. — Radium. 


phicae Americanae Socius) — 


W. A. — West Africa; West Aus- 


Rb. — Rubidium. 


Member of the American 


tralia. 


R. E. — Royal Engineers. 


Philosophical Society. 


Wash. — Washington. 


Rec. Sec. — Recording Secretary. 


Sq., Sqr. — Square. 


W. C. T. U. — Women's Chris- 


Ref. Ch. — Reformed Church. 


SS., ss. (scilicet). — to wit; 


tian Temperance Union. 


Reg., Regt. — Regiment. 


namely; Saints. 


Wed. — Wednesday. 


Reg. Prof. — Regius Professor. 


S. S. E. — South-Southeast. 


Wei. — Welsh. 


Rep., Repub. — Republic, Repub- 


S. S. W. — South-Southwest. 


wf. — wrong font. 


lican. 


S. T. D. (Sacrae Theologiae Doc- 


W. I. — West Indies. 


Rev. — Reverend; Revelation. 


tor) — Doctor of Divinity. 


Wis. — Wisconsin. 


Rh. — Rhodium. 


ster., stg. — sterling. 


wk. — week. 


R. I. — Rhode Island. 


S. T. P. (Sacrae Theologiae Pro- 


Wm. — William. 


R. N. — Royal Navy. 


fessor) — Professor of Theol- 


W. N. W. — West-Northwest. 


Rom. — Romans. 


ogy. 


W. O. — War Office. 


Rom. Cath. — Roman Catholic. 


Supt. — Superintendent. 


wp.- — worship. 


R. R. — Railroad. 


S. V. — Sons of Veterans. 


W. S. W.— West-Southwest. 


R. S. V. P. (Repondez s'il vous 


S. W. — Southwest. 


wt. — weight. 


plait) — Answer if you please. 


tel., teleg. — telegraph. 


W. Va. — West Virginia. 


Rt. Hon. — Right Honorable. 


teleg. — telegraphy 


Wyo. — Wyoming. 


Rt. Rev. — Right Reverend. 


Tenn. — Tennessee. 


X. — ten. 


Ry. — Railway. 


Terr.— Territory. 


X. or Xt. — Xristos (Gr.) = Christ. 


R. V, — Revised Version. 


Teut. — Teuton; Teutonic. 


Xe. — Xenon. 


S. — Sunday; Saturday; Saint; 


Tex. — Texas; Texan. 


Xm. or Xmas. — Christmas. 


Saxon. 


Theos. — Theosophy. 


T. — Yttrium. 


s. — shilling; solar; son; south; 


Thurs. — Thursday. 


yd. — yard. 


sun. 


tr. — transpose. 


ye. — the. 


S. A. — South America; South 


Treas.— Treasurer; Treasury. 


Y. M. C. A. — Young Men's 


Africa; South Australia. 


tp. — Township. 


Christian Association. 


Sab. — Sabbath. 


U. C. — Upper Canada. 


* Y M. C. U. — Young Men's 


S. Am. — South America; Salva- 


U. K. — United Kingdom. 


Christian Union. 


tion Army. 


ult. — ultimo=last; of the last 


Y. P. S. C. E. — Young. People's 


Sam. — Samuel. 


month. 


Society of Christian Endeavor. 


Sans. — Sanskrit. 


Unit. — Unitarian. 


yr. — year; yours. 


Sat. — Saturday. 


Univ. — University; Universalist. 


yrs. — years; yours. 


S. C. — South Carolina. 


U. S. — United States. 


Y. W. C. A. — Young Women's 


s. c. — small capitals. 


U. S. A. — United States of Amer- 


Christian Association. 


sc. or sculp. — sculpsit=(he) en- 


ica; United States Army. 


Zach. — Zachary. 


graved it. 


U. S. M. — United States Mail. 


zn. — zinc. 


scil. or sc. — scilicet=to wit; 


U. S. N. — United States Navy.- 


Zeph. — Zephaniah. 


namely. 


U. S. S. — United States Ship. 


Z. G. — Zoological Garden. 


scr. — scruple. 


Ut.— Utah. 


zool. — zoology. 



N. B. — See also Abbreviations used in this Dictionary, p. xix. 

1248 



Harks and Abbreviations Used in Proofreading 



bnx&GJL 




U 



ypography , or the art of printing from movable types 

on paper, vellum, etc., was Rented about the middle of the 

fifteenth century in r/ainz, Germany, by a patriciari of that 

v/' city named Johannes N gpensfleisch,. s meaning literal)^ John 

Gooseflesh, but known to fame as John Gutenberg. -4- The 

word /Typography^ is of greek derivation, and means 

literally writing by types^The art is quitedistinct, how- 

/ evei^from writing, and even more so from XYLOGRAPHY 

CI J p^vood- writing/ or wood-engravingj A i. e., the art of cut- 

' jtfi. ting figures, letters or / 5\\frds on blocks of hlorW ai wood 

c\ / / c\ anc * ta ^ n S impressions from such block^by means of ink 

sxP/fc) /<X/ /or other fluid colored substances/-} 

/ ' CBoth block-printing and printin 






on/ 



3 



# 






I 



Tic & 



block-printing and printing with movable types 
~ seem to have been practiced in China, Japan and Coreajf C\ 

OpdC£^£n^n/ long^efore^they^ wer e 3 s kno wnm^Europe,^ but from^ 4U£$v/ 
/& . evidence as we have, | certain ^seemsfi tl that Europe is not Xfa 

W/cxfr v indebted for^her art toff the Orient. Stereotyping .and . / 

> / Flectrotvping . the two wincipal methods of reproduing -Cv*/f $ / 
y^nd multiplying letter-press printing surfaces by taking 



cfr 



J.c. 






3: ' 



rfy *^asts of them, have greatly conduced to the progress of 

(fVOfrt. Aypozraphy. ^-^ ^ 

Proofreading^or correcting for the presses considered^ n / 
/^ne of the most important functions in a first*class printing^ST^ 
^rfiGe. Thi s_ page, j irppinrti by an expert proof-reader, 
shows all the signs and abbreviations used in^marking 
{Errors, and its careful studv/will repay any one!"called upon n j 

Q t at any time to prepare "jtfopy " for the printer or to "O. K." f 

brhLcl/ Iv-QsO -^J^aAjLei M^J^(AxMf farr the* StH^n^J 



cy or (/? Dela= expunge, or take 

(Z) Turn an inverted letter 

^ or line. 

•$/> Insert space, or more 

w space. 

/— \ Take out space, or print as 

T^s,^ single character or diph- 

, thong, as ae (as), ffl (ffl). 



I Raise. 
J Lower or sink. 



CD Colon. 

— / Hyphen. 

/— j Dash. 

\f Apostrophe. 

\^ X7 Quotation mar sf 

W W Superior figure 
notes, etc. 

A A Inferior figure?, 
/2\ chemistry, et - 

caps. Capitals. 
Rom. Roman (z. e., or< 
Q,y? Query (Is this r 
Out — s. c. Insert wor "; 
— see copy. 

UNDERSCORING.— One line, italics; two lines, small capitals; three lines, capitals. A waved line under awq 
cates that it is to be set in boldfaced type. A series of dots with the word stet ^let it stand) written in the margin, indi 
*he words erased and under which these dots are placed are to be restored or retained. A vertical line drawn through 
letter in "copy" indicates that it should be a small letter. A line drawn around a figure or number or an abbreviate 
"copy" indicates that it should be spelled out in full. 

Copyright L%3, by Wi. H. Lee. 
\ 



Carry to the left. 
Carry to the right. 



□ Indent one em, or insert 
em space. 

lid. Lead, or space between the 
lines. 

Sol. Solid, or remove space be- 
tween the lines. 

w. f. Wrong font. 



^"oa^ Straighten a crooked line. 

I Calls attention to a space 
^. or quadrat improperly 
appearing. 
\/or-|— Calls attention to broken 
/x ' type. 

jf Make a new paragraph, 
Q Period. 



tr. Transpose. 

1. C» Lower case, (/.v. small 

letters). 
S. C. Small capitals. 
ital. Italics. 












I Ja?9 






Deacidified using the Bookkeeper proc 
Neutralizing agent: Magnesium Oxide 
Treatment Date: Nov. 2006 

PreservationTechnologies 

A WORLD LEADER IN PAPER PRESERVATION 

1 1 1 Thomson Park Drive 
Cranberry Township, PA 16066 
(724)779-2111 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 




003 132 406 3 



i 



BBS 



wwauHl 



Hffl 



m® 



■ 

ID! 



r 

Js 

I 
1 

m 



■1 




liill 



